Unit1 学霸必背知识清单 Grammar-Integration 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

Read and recite it one more time, and you'll really get the hang of it. --- Allan 2025译林版牛津英语八下学霸必背知识清单 Unit 1 Past and present Grammar 1. 现在完成时 · 概念：现在完成时表示已完成但对现在有一定影响的动作，或表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，另外还可以用现在完成时表示迄今为止动作发生的次数。 · 构成： 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他 否定句：主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句？ · 用法： （1）表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，也有可能继续进行下去的动作或状态。这时要和表示一段时间的状语连用。用“for+时间段”和“since+时间点”等。 Mr Wang has lived in this house for over twenty years. 王先生已经在这座房子住二十多年了。 We haven't seen each other since I came to Nanjing. 自从我来到南京，我们就没有见过面。 （2）表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或后果，常与 already、yet、ever、never、just 等副词连用。 I have already posted the present. 我已经寄出了这件礼物。 My father has just come back from work. 我爸爸刚下班回来。 （3） 表示过去发生的动作到现在为止发生次数的总和或工作量的积累，常与表示次数的词连用，如 once、twice、three times等。 She really loves the book. She has read it five times，她确实喜爱这本书。她已经看过五遍了。 · 过去分词的构成： （1）规则动词的过去分词 一般情况→词尾直接加 -ed：work → worked；visit → visited 以不发音的“e”结尾→词尾加-d：live → lived；dance → danced 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾→将“y”变为“i”，再加 -ed：study → studied；cry → cried 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母→双写辅音字母，再加 -ed：stop → stopped；drop → dropped （2）不规则动词的过去分词 变化规则 举例（原形—过去式—过去分词） 与原形相同 hit → hit → hit；cost → cost → cost 在原形后加 -t 或 -d learn → learnt → learnt；hear → heard → heard 原形中的元音字母有变化 get → got → got；sit → sat → sat 原形中的辅音字母有变化 make → made → made 原形中的元音、辅音字母都有变化 feel → felt → felt；smell → smelt → smelt · 时间状语： （1） already和yet: already常用于肯定句中，表示“已经”；yet常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“还”; 有时候already也会用于疑问句中，但是此时它并不是真正的疑问句，而是用于表示“惊奇”，惊讶某事发生的时间比预期要早。 He has already arrived. = He has arrived already. 他已经到了。 He hasn’t come back yet. 他还没有回来。 -- Has he arrived yet? 他到了吗？ -- No, not yet. 不, 还没有。 Is it 10 o’ clock already? 已经10点钟了吗？ （2） ever和never: ever用于疑问句中，表示“曾经；在任何时候”，相当于at any time in the past；never用于否定句中，表示“未曾，从未” 相当于at no time in the past。 Have you ever been to Xizang？你曾去过西藏吗？ I have never seen him before. 我以前从未见过他。 （3） recently表示“过去不久到现在的一段时间”时，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。 He has been out of work recently. 他最近失业了。 I haven’t heard from him recently. 我最近没有收到他的来信。 Have you used it recently？你最近用过它吗？ （4） in/over/during the past/last ... years: 强调“从......年前到现在的整个持续过程”，必须与现在完成时连用。 Technology has changed people’s lives greatly over the last 40 years. 过去40年里，科技极大改变了人们的生活。 2. I've just found out many things about Shenzhen from my uncle. 我刚从叔叔那里了解到很多关于深圳的事情。 · find out 查明；弄清楚（强调经过研究、询问、调查后搞懂，不用于找具体物品） I want to find out some information about dinosaurs on the internet. 我想在网上查找一些有关恐龙的信息。 · find 找到；发现（强调结果，常和一般过去时/现在完成时连用） He found it difficult to learn English well. 他发现学好英语很难。 · look for 寻找（强调过程，常和进行时连用） She is looking for her keys everywhere. 她正在到处找她的钥匙。 3. He said there are a lot more jobs now in Shenzhen, and the living conditions are much better. 他说现在深圳有更多的工作机会，而且居住条件也好多了。 · a lot 很，非常（常修饰动词、形容词/副词的比较级等，在句中作程度状语） He cares a lot about his family and friends. 他非常关心他的家人和朋友。 She is a lot more careful than she used to be. 她比以前细心得多了。 He runs a lot faster than any other student in his class. 他跑得比班上其他任何同学都快得多。 · a lot 许多，大量（相当于代词，在句中常作宾语，其后可跟动词不定式作后置定语） We can get a lot by helping others. 我们通过帮助别人能收获很多。 He has a lot to learn before he becomes a teacher. 在成为一名老师之前，他还有很多东西要学。 · a lot of = lots of 许多的，大量的（可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词） There are a lot of/lots of trees and flowers in our school. 我们学校里有许多树和花。 4. Did he tell you anything else? 他还告诉你别的了吗? · anything else 其他任何事情 · else修饰不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词时，放在所修饰词之后 Where else did you go last Sunday? 上星期天你还去了别的什么地方？ Would you like something else to drink? 你想要点别的喝的吗？ 5. People can get around the city easily. 人们可以很容易地在城市里出行。 · get around 四处走动；到处旅行；出行 It’s easy to get around in our city by underground. 乘地铁在我们城市出行很方便。 6. You can join me! 你可以和我一起去! · join加入（组织、团体、人群），成为其中一员 He wants to join the English club. 他想加入英语俱乐部。 · join in 加入（短暂、小型的）活动、游戏、讨论 May I join in the game? 我可以加入这个游戏吗？ · take part in（主动）参加（会议、活动、比赛、劳动等，并在其中起作用） Many students took part in the sports meeting. 许多学生参加了运动会。 · attend 出席；参加（会议、婚礼、上课、讲座） All the students must attend school on time. 所有学生必须按时到校上课。 7. Recently, the air in our town has improved a lot. 最近，我们镇上的空气改善了很多。 · recently adv. 最近（常与现在完成时连用） Have you called your grandpa recently，Tom？汤姆，你最近给你的奶奶打电话了吗？ · recent adj. 近来的，新近的 There have been many changes in recent years. 近年来发生了许多变化。 【精选考题】The president has recently (最近) returned from a tour of South America. 8. You could say I have fallen in love with Shenzhen—it feels like home. 你可以说我爱上深圳了—感觉它像家一样。 · fall in love with 爱上（某人或某物）（侧重”从无到有，逐渐陷入“的动态过程，后接人或事物作宾语。） They fell in love with each other at first sight. 他们对彼此一见钟情。 【精选考题】( B ) — Why does Lucy look so happy? — She says she ______ the cute robot in the science museum last week and plans to buy one. A. falls in love with B. fell in love with C. is in love with D. was in love with 9. In fact, there have been lots of changes in the past few years. 事实上, 过去几年里发生了很多变化。 · in fact 事实上，实际上（用于强调事实、纠正误解或补充递进信息，位置灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末） He seems quiet, but in fact he's very outgoing. 他看起来很安静，但实际上他很外向。 She, in fact, knows the answer but refuses to say. 她其实知道答案，却不肯说。 【精选考题】( A ) Li Hua says she isn't good at English. ______, she speaks it very well. A. In fact B. On time C. For example D. Moreover Integration 1.When you step onto the wide, clean roads of Starlight Village, you will see rows of new houses, tall trees and beautiful flowers。当你踏上星光村宽阔、干净的道路时，你会看到一排排新房子、高大的树木和美丽的花朵。 · step onto 踏上，步入（侧重“从一处移动到另一平面上”的瞬间动作，onto 表示“到……上面”） The child stepped onto the first step carefully, holding his mum's hand. 小孩牵着妈妈的手，小心地踏上第一级台阶。 【精选考题】( A ) — Look! The singer is going to ______ the stage. Let's cheer for her! — Yeah! She's my favourite star. A. step onto B. step into C. jump onto D. walk into · step n. 步骤；措施 a step toward(s) sth. 迈向……的一步 take steps采取措施 Learning English well is a big step towards a good future. 学好英语是迈向美好未来的重要一步。 We are taking steps to prevent pollution. 我们正在采取措施防止污染。 · rows of 一排排的，一行行的（强调“多个同类事物按直线整齐排列的状态”，后接复数名词，常用来描绘场景的有序性） The field was covered with rows of golden sunflowers, waving in the wind. 田野里是一排排金色的向日葵，在风中摇曳。 2.There was often rubbish lying in the streets. 街上经常可见垃圾。 · There was/were often + 主语 + 现在分词短语 过去某地常常有某物处于某种状态（lying in the streets是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰主语rubbish，表示“事物所处的状态”） There was often a little girl sitting under the big tree. 那棵大树下经常有一个小女孩坐着。 3.Thanks to the government's support, the roads in the village have improved a lot in recent years. 多亏了政府的支持,村里的道路近年来改善了很多。 · thanks to 多亏，由于（后接名词、代词或动名词，可位于句首，有时可与 with the help of或 because of进行同义转换） Thanks to practicing every day, my English is better. 多亏每天练习，我的英语变好了。 · thanks for 因……感谢（其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式） Thanks for inviting me to your party. 谢谢你邀请我参加你的派对。 4.Most families have built beautiful houses, and we feel hopeful about the future. 大多数家庭都建起了漂亮的房子，我们对未来满怀希望。 · feel hopeful about 对……感到有希望，对……抱有乐观预期（后接名词、代词或动名词） She feels hopeful about her son’s future in music. 她对儿子的音乐前途感到有希望。 · hopeless adj. 感到无望的 feel hopeless about 对……感到绝望 He is feeling really hopeless about passing the final exam. 他对通过期末考试感到真的很绝望。 【精选考题】( A ) — How do you feel about the coming English exam? — I ______ it because I've practised all the key points. A. feel hopeful about B. feel afraid of C. feel sorry for D. feel tired of 5.Farmers have modern machines and technology to help with farm work ... 农民有现代化的机器和技术来帮助做农活…… · help with sth. 帮忙做某事（相当于help (to) do sth.） help sb with sth. = help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 Let's help with the preparation for the party.= Let's help(to) prepare for the party. 咱们帮忙为聚会做准备吧。 Could you please help me with English? = Could you please help me(to) learn English? 你能帮我学英语吗? 6. But did you know that area used to be an empty field? 但是你知道那个区域以前是一片空地吗? · empty adj. 空的（反义词为 full） · empty vt. 倒空；掏空（反义词为 fill） He emptied the bottle and it is empty now. 他把瓶子倒空了，现在它是空的。 7. Many changes have taken place in Sunshine Town over the last 40 years. 在过去的40年里，阳光镇发生了许多变化。 · take place 强调“有计划、有组织地发生/举行”，事件是提前安排好的 The sports meeting will take place next week. 运动会将于下周举行。 · happen 强调“偶然、意外地发生”，事件无预先计划，多为突发或巧合 An accident happened on the road yesterday. 昨天路上发生了一起事故。 8. Now it is common to take a bus, a taxi or the underground。现在，乘公共汽车、出租车或地铁(出行)很常见。 · common adj. 普遍的；共同的；常见的 be common for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事很常见 have sth in common (with sb.) (与某人)有相同的特征 It is common for students to have homework every day. 学生们每天有作业是很常见的。 They have the same hobby in common. 他们有相同的爱好。 9. Back then, some people went to college and had to find jobs in other places. 那时，一些人上大学，不得不在其他地方找工作。 · back then 那时候（指代过去某个特定或模糊的时期，可置于句首、句中或句尾，句首时常用逗号隔开） We lived in a small town back then. 那时候我们住在一个小镇上。 Back then, smartphones weren't as popular as they are now. 那时候，智能手机可没现在这么受欢迎。 【精选考题】( B ) — Grandpa, what was life like in your childhood? — ______, there were no smartphones or computers. We played games outside every day. A. Right now B. Back then C. Since then D. From now on 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $