专题08 阅读回答问题（全国通用）2026年中考英语二模分类汇编

**基本信息** 聚焦人与自我、社会主题，精选2025-2026年多地二模阅读真题，涵盖健康运动、文化传承、科技前沿等鲜活素材，设题兼顾基础信息提取与高阶思维拓展。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读回答问题|约75题|语言能力：细节理解、主旨概括；文化意识：方言保护、传统工艺；思维品质：原因分析、观点评价|情境真实，如AI教育应用、敦煌文献数字化；问题梯度分明，基础题（如“Where can exergaming take place”）与开放题（如“prefer exergaming or traditional exercise”）结合，适配二模备考需求。|

专题08 阅读回答问题 主题01 人与自我——健康运动 Passage 1 (2026·山东省德州市德城区·二模) 阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。 Imagine you’re focusing on the screen, controller in hand. Your mom walks in. What might she say? But wait—what if you’re not sitting? You’re jumping up and down and punching (打拳) the air! You are not gaming—you’re actually exergaming! So, what exactly is exergaming? It refers to video games that require physical movements. Exergames use motion-sensing (运动传感) technology cameras, or special equipment to translate your real-world body movements into in-game actions. Exergaming can take place anywhere, such as in the gym, at school or even at home. According to the research from the University of Georgia, people who don’t want to hit the gym benefit from exergaming the most. The study shows that exergamers feel high levels of enjoyment and a sense of control over their exercise. “When you can choose what game to play and how hard to push yourself, you’re more likely to exercise on your own,” says Sami Yli-Piipari, the co-researcher of the study. “You feel like you are doing it for yourself, not because someone tells you to.” Traditional exercise, like weightlifting or running, is great for building strength, but it doesn’t attract everyone. Exergaming feels more like playing than exercising. That desire to play might help people take up physical activities without the pressure or boredom that sometimes comes with heading to the gym. Another study followed 55 people who exercised less than 150 minutes a week. They were asked to have either exergames or traditional gym workouts. The results showed that the gym group worked harder. “That makes sense because you probably will push yourself harder if somebody is looking over your shoulder,” says Yli-Piipari. But the exergamers had a better time. The good feeling and a sense of ownership over their physical exercise make exergamers more likely to stick to it. And possibly, they will be more open to other physical activities in the future. “Sometimes it’s hard for the inactive people to take the first step,” according to Yli-Piipari, “Exergaming might be a chance for them.” 1．Where can exergaming take place? 2．Who can benefit from exergaming the most? 3．Please list two advantages of exergaming. 4．Summarize the passage within 30 words. 5．Which do you prefer, exergaming or traditional exercise? Why? Passage 2 (2026·黑龙江省哈尔滨市·二模) Health is better than wealth. It is necessary for us students to have a healthy lifestyle. Nowadays, many teenagers are addicted to digital devices (沉迷数字设备). They spend hours playing mobile games, watching videos, or chatting online, which takes up their study and exercise time and harms their mental health. A recent study shows that many teenagers in a certain area feel down and worried because of too much screen time. Another serious problem is the lack of physical activity. As Grade Nine students, we are busy with our lessons and exams every day, and most students seldom do outdoor sports. Only about 30% of teenagers get enough weekly exercise, which may cause weight problems, weak bodies, and higher disease risks later in life. However, there are many ways for teenagers to develop a healthy lifestyle. First, they should control daily screen time to no more than two hours and read more books to gain knowledge. Second, regular exercise is necessary. Playing sports three to four times a week helps them keep fit. It’s also a good way to reduce stress. Third, they need a balanced diet, eating more fruit, vegetables and whole grains while cutting down on junk food and sugary drinks. In conclusion, modern life brings convenience but also risks to teenagers’ health. By controlling screen time, exercising regularly and eating healthily, teenagers can live a healthy life and grow up well. 根据短文内容回答问题。 1．Why do many teenagers feel down and worried? 2．How many teenagers don’t get enough weekly exercise? 3．Are there many ways for teenagers to develop a healthy lifestyle? . 4．What benefits does playing sports three to four times a week bring to teenagers? 5．What else can teenagers do to live a healthy life besides those mentioned in the passage? (写出一种即可，不超过10词) Passage 3 (2026·山东省宁津县·二模) 阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。 Primary and secondary schools across many Chinese cities have extended class breaks from 10 to 15 minutes. It encourages outdoor activities among both students and teachers. Traditionally, schools in China have 10-minute breaks between classes, which provide limited time for students, particularly those in tall buildings, to take part in outdoor activities. In some schools, students were stopped from leaving classrooms during breaks due to safety concerns (担心). The move to extend (延长) break times makes sure students can take part in at least 30 minutes of physical exercise a day. Schools in Beijing, Tianjin, and Qingdao in Shandong Province, have longer breaks now. In Beijing, in elementary schools, the morning arrival time, afternoon dismissal (解散) time, and lunch break schedules have remained unchanged. In middle schools, only the dismissal time has been extended by 5 minutes, while others have remained largely the same. Students now have more time to relax, rest, and take part in physical activities outdoors, which can enhance (提高) their physical fitness. Schools across Beijing will adjust (调整) their break schedules according to their own conditions. Schools in the Xinwu District of Wuxi, in Jiangsu Province, have implemented (实施) 15-minute breaks, and students have one physical education class daily. They are required to take part in no less than 100 minutes of physical exercise at school each day. A primary school in Qingdao introduced a lot of outdoor games, such as jump rope and hula hoop exercises, along with indoor puzzle games during the 15-minute breaks, according to a local news report. The school organizes students by floor to make sure that every child can take part in outdoor activities, which makes students healthier than before. 1．What’s the purpose of extending breaks from 10 to 15 minutes in many Chinese cities? 2．Why did some schools stop students from leaving classrooms during breaks in the past? 3．What changes have been made to the dismissal time in Beijing’s middle schools? 4．According to the local news report, what outdoor games did the primary school in Qingdao introduce during the 15-minute breaks? 5．Do you want to have a 15-minute break? Why or why not? Passage 4 (2025·北京市房山区·二模) 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Walking Barefoot Barefoot walking has a long history and we can’t say it was started by just one person. In 2009, Christopher McDougall published the book Barn to Run, which tells the story of the Tarahumara people in Mexico who run long distances barefoot. George Woodville is called “Barefoot Guy” on social media. He shares his barefoot experiences with strangers online. Many people liked his videos and tried walking barefoot. World Barefoot Day is on the first Saturday of June every year. This day encourages people to walk without shoes. The aim is to make more people know about poor children who can’t afford shoes. Some groups also start activities to collect and give away shoes and money. If you want to try walking barefoot, you can practise at home or in a safe place. Make sure to check your feet for cuts after each walk and keep your feet clean. Walking barefoot can offer surprising health benefits. Taking time each day to walk barefoot or step outside and put your feet in the grass can improve your physical and mental health. Walking without shoes can strengthen the muscles of the feet. People who run without shoes usually have larger leg and foot muscles. What’s more, it helps us improve our balance and posture (体态). Walking barefoot is also good for our mental health. While walking around barefoot can have many benefits and positive effects on your health, you have to remember that humans invented shoes for a reason. Sure, there are plenty of benefits to walking around barefoot some of the time, but that doesn’t mean that you should just throw away all of your shoes and go all natural all the time. The most obvious reason for wearing shoes is to protect our feet from environments. Sometimes, we might step on something and get our feet cut. And walking barefoot in some public places may put us at risk of getting diseases like athlete’s foot. Also, if we’re not used to it, it might be a bit hard on our joints (关节). Although there are some risks, the benefits of walking barefoot are really amazing! 1．Who is called “Barefoot Guy” on social media? 2．When is World Barefoot Day? 3．Where can you practise walking barefoot? 4．Would you like to try walking barefoot? Why or why not? (Please give two reasons,) 主题02 人与社会——语言文化 Passage 1 (2026·山东省烟台市蓬莱区·二模) 阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。 Do you speak a dialect (方言), which means local language, in daily life? While many Chinese people speak Putonghua, some local dialects are in danger of disappearing. To save them, the Chinese government started the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project a few years ago. This project looks at how people talk in 1,712 places. Their languages include 103 dialects that are almost gone. It has helped China to build the largest language resource library in the world. There’s an online library. In it people can learn dialects from over 5.6 million audio clips and over 5 million videos. Why is it important to protect the dialect culture? According to Harold Palmer, a world expert on language, “dialects are a key to storing local cultures. Language clearly shows the history and beliefs of an area,” he said. Scholar Zhang Hongming talked about his worries about the disappearance of dialects. “For about 10 years, in the Wu dialect areas such as Shanghai and Suzhou, children aged 6 to 15 can understand but hardly speak the dialect. Young people above 15 years old sometimes speak it, but not very well. If this keeps happening, the dialect might disappear,” he said. So how did China make this big library? “A big national effort has been put into the project to make it happen,” said Cao Zhiyun, an expert on the project. “More than 350 universities and research groups joined in, along with thousands of experts and dialect speakers.” The project is now entering into its second part. It includes creating digital tools like apps and mobile dictionaries to help people learn dialects. 1．Why did the Chinese government start the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project? 2．Where can people learn dialects from audio clips and videos? 3．What did Zhang Hongming worry about? 4．To make the big library, what effort did the project make? 5．What will be created in the second part of the project? Passage 2 (2026·河北省沧州市任丘市·二模) 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 You may notice that horses appear in many Chinese idioms. These horse-related sayings offer a chance for us to learn about Chinese culture and ancient wisdom. “A horse that covers a thousand miles” is perhaps the most famous horse idiom. It is used to describe someone with amazing talent. The idiom comes from a certain legendary (传奇的) horse which could run 1,000 miles in a single day. “A swift horse needs a good rider” adds another meaning to this idea. Although talented people (“swift horses”) might be common, good leaders who can discover talent (“good riders”) are uncommon. This saying tells why good riders are important—they believe in you and can give you chances. “Ride a donkey while looking for a horse” describes someone who keeps searching for better chances. Chinese people use this idiom to describe practical people who never stop improving themselves. “An old horse knows the way” celebrates the wisdom that comes with experience. Experienced people can guide others through difficult situations. This idiom shows that Chinese people respect the elders and their wisdom. “A painted horse won’t run” warns against valuing appearance over substance (实质). No matter how beautifully you paint a horse, it will never gallop (驰骋). Similarly, beautiful promises without real action are worthless. This idiom teaches Chinese people to value practical results over empty words. These horse idioms show how ancient Chinese people observed (观察) horses’ strength, speed, and intelligence, turning these observations into lessons about humanity, nature and success. 1．What is “A horse that covers a thousand miles” used to describe? 2．Tom is a student who always keeps improving himself, which idiom can be used to describe him according to the text? 3．Why is a good rider important? 4．What does the idiom “A painted horse won’t run” teach us? 5．There are many idioms in English. Which English idiom do you like and what does it tell us? 主题03 人与社会——文学名著 Passage 1 (2026·广西壮族自治区河池市·模拟) Do you know the greatest history book in ancient China? It is called Records of the Grand Historian, or Shiji in Chinese. Written by the historian Sima Qian about 2,100 years ago, this book changed how Chinese people wrote and learned about history. Sima Qian lived in the Western Han Dynasty. His father was the Grand Historian and taught Sima Qian to love history. When his father died, Sima Qian took over his job. Later, he had a serious disagreement with Emperor Wu and was punished. But he never gave up. He worked hard for about 10 years to finish Shiji. Shiji is very special. It is China’s first biographical general history. It tells stories from the legendary Yellow Emperor to Emperor Wu’s time — covering more than 3,000 years of history! The book has 130 chapters divided into five parts: Basic Annals (emperors’ stories), Hereditary Houses (noble families), Biographies (famous people’s lives), Tables (timelines), and Treatises (rules, music, and science). Shiji records not only great achievements but also the rise and fall of dynasties. By reading it, people can learn from past successes and failures. Many famous figures appear in the book, like Qin Shi Huang (the first emperor) and Zhang Qian (who opened trade routes). It teaches us about loyalty, bravery, and wisdom. It also set a model for all later Chinese history books. Today, people still read and study Shiji. It is a treasure of Chinese culture. Sima Qian’s story tells us: never give up, even when life is hard. 根据语篇内容，按要求回答问题。 1．What is Shiji about? 2．How long did Sima Qian spend finishing Shiji? 3．Why does the writer say that Shiji “set a model for all later Chinese history books”? Give at least one reason based on the passage. 4．What can you learn from Sima Qian? (不超过15个词) 5．The Chinese saying goes, “Using history as a mirror, one can understand the rise and fall of dynasties.” How does Shiji help people do this? (不超过15个词) Passage 2 (2026·江苏扬州市邗江区·调研) 阅读下面短文，用英语回答短文后的问题(每题回答字数不超过10字词) The Nautilus sailed smoothly through the cold seawater that April evening. Captain Nemo stood at the helm, watching the compass and the depth meter. Outside, the calm sea glowed softly in the sunset. Professor Aronnax, his servant Conseil, and Ned Land, the strong harpooner, sat quietly in the library, enjoying the wonderful undersea views and watching strange fish passing by the big window. Suddenly, the Nautilus shook hard and stopped moving. Ned Land jumped up, angry and nervous. “What happened? Are we hitting a rock?” he shouted loudly. Captain Nemo turned to them and kept calm. “No,” he said seriously. “We have met a huge iceberg. It has completely blocked our forward path.” The professor looked very worried and afraid. “Can we break through the thick ice soon?” he whispered. Captain Nemo shook his head slowly. “The ice is too thick and hard. We must wait patiently until it melts slowly.” They were trapped under the cold ice for days. The fresh air inside the submarine was running out day by day. All the hard-working crew worked day and night to dig a narrow tunnel through the thick ice. Ned Land grew impatient and restless. He wanted to leave the submarine as soon as possible. The professor tried his best to calm him down and encouraged everyone not to give up. On the fifth day, the thick ice finally began to break little by little. The Nautilus moved forward slowly and broke through the hard ice sheet successfully. The air outside became fresh, and the bright sun shone on the sea. They were safe and free again at last. Taken from “Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea” 1．What shook the Nautilus violently one evening? 2．Why couldn’t they break the ice at first? 3．What did the crew do to get out of trouble? 4．How long did it take them to get free from the ice ? 5．What do you learn from the story?   Passage 3 (25-26九下·上海青浦区·二模) Robinson Crusoe, a young Englishman with a strong desire for adventure, was determined to sail across the seas. Despite his parents’ strong disagreement, he went on a voyage secretly. Unfortunately, his ship was destroyed by a huge storm. He became the only survivor and was washed up on an unknown island... When I woke up, the storm was over. I found myself lying on a strange island. The sun was shining brightly, and the waves were gently beating against the shore. There was nothing but sand, rocks and thick forest as far as I could see. My ship had been broken into pieces during the storm, and all the sailors had disappeared. I was completely alone, with no one to turn to for help. At first I felt hopeless and afraid. I had no food, no clean water and no tools. I did not know where I was or how long I might survive in this wild place. But soon I realized that crying and worrying were completely useless. I walked along the shore and saw our ship’s wreckage (残骸) nearby, and went over and climbed on board. I managed to take several useful things from it: some bread, rice, guns, bullets, daily tools, and even a few coins. I made a small raft to carry them to the shore, after which I built a simple tent near a hill and lit a fire for warmth and safety. Sitting by the fire, I promised myself I would never give up. In the following days, I worked hard to survive on the island. I found safe wild fruits to eat, made a fishing net to catch fish for food, and made simple wooden tools such as an axe and a shovel. Every afternoon, I collected dry wood to keep a fire burning day and night, because the fire could scare away dangerous animals. Every night, I wrote down my experiences in my journal to encourage myself and stay brave. Slowly, the island no longer seemed so terrible. I told myself again and again: I must keep going. I finally learned that __________________. 1．What happened to Robinson Crusoe’s ship when he set sail? 2．Why did Robinson feel hopeless and afraid at first on the island? 3．From the underlined part, what can we tell about Robinson Crusoe’s character? 4．How did Robinson make a living and protect himself on the island? (Within 25 words) 5．Please complete the last sentence of the story. 6．If you were Robinson, what would you do first to improve your life on the island? Why? 主题01 人与社会——传统工艺 Passage 1 (2026·江苏省无锡市·二模) 阅读下面的短文， 然后根据短文内容回答问题，每小题答案不超过6个单词。 Yang Changqin turned a childhood dream into a career. The 36-year-old is now a master bamboo weaver (编织者). Born in Guizhou Province, Yang loved handicrafts (手工艺) as a child. After trying different jobs, she gave up her kindergarten teaching job, and started learning traditional bamboo weaving at about 18. Bamboo weaving turns bamboo pieces into useful and pretty objects through skilled handwork. It makes everyday objects such as chairs, baskets and other tools in houses. Yang remembered how hard it was at the beginning. She found it hard to control the knife and often cut her hands. But she kept working and improving until the skills came easily to her. In 2012, she set up her brand (品牌) Jizhu. Its bamboo paintings, handbags and lamps soon became popular. But starting a business also meant learning new skills. She mixed traditional skills with modern technology to make her products special, and also learned to manage production and reach more customers outside her hometown. As more young people take an interest in intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) and run brands themselves, Yang encourages them to use their power to bring traditional crafts into modern life. “Turn your interest into a job,” she said. Her love for the craft, she added, is what carried her through each challenge. 1．What is Yang Changqin now? 2．How old was Yang when she started learning bamboo weaving? 3．How did Yang make the skills come easily to her? 4．Why did Yang mix traditional skills with modern technology? 5．What impresses you most about Yang Changqin? Passage 2 (2026·河北唐山市滦州市·模拟) 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 At Da’an Town Middle School in Tangshan, Hebei province, the paper-cutting club is popular among students. Set up in 2017, the club now has around 80 members, mostly 7th and 8th graders. Each week, it hosts activities where students can explore the fun of the folk art. Yang Hua, one of the club’s teachers, noted that students are interested in cutting different kinds of designs which include animals, plants, events and Chinese characters. With the help from the school’s art teachers, it usually takes one to two hours for them to complete a piece. Unlike folding (折) paper and using scissors to cut, the club encourages students to use knives to carve out patterns (雕刻出图案). This method is simpler but can also create rich designs. For Liu Anqi, a grade 8 student, her proudest work is called Amazing China. It shows three people proudly celebrating a harvest (丰收). To create this piece, she used both yinke and yangke skills. “For example, I used yinke for the national flag and sunflowers to keep the background color, while yangke was used to carve out the people and the shining light,” she explained. Cai Yanbo, Liu’s classmate, shared his favorite paper piece, featuring a panda walking among flowers and bamboo. He also used both yinke and yangke skills. “I faced many challenges during the process. It was difficult to control the knife. At first, I used too much force and cut through the connecting parts. But after trying a few more times, I finally succeeded. I gave the piece to my friend, and he beautified his room with it. This made me really happy.” “Besides learning about folk art, we also hope students can improve their hands-on abilities and observational (观察的) skills through the activities,” added Yang. 1．When was the paper-cutting club set up? 2．What kinds of designs are the students interested in? 3．What paper-cutting skills are used in the two students’ works? 4．Why did Cai Yanbo think there were many challenges during the process? 5．If you are a member of the paper-cutting club, what can you learn? (答案需与文中不同) Passage 3 (25-26九·四川成都崇州·模拟) The Magic of Shadows It is Saturday afternoon in a small town near Xi’an. Wang Weifang and his friends are putting on a special show. The audience can hear them clearly, but they cannot see the artists. That is because the artists stand behind a white screen. They are performing a shadow puppet (皮影) play. This is a traditional Chinese folk art with a long history. Today, it is on UNESCO’s list of intangible (非物质) cultural heritage. Shadow puppet plays in China started over 2,000 years ago. Artists use light to make shadows on a screen and tell stories. This is one of the earliest kinds of “moving pictures”. It has influenced modern films and cartoons a lot. Sadly, this old art was once in danger of dying out. Artists like Wang don’t want to see that, so they work hard to keep it alive. Shadow puppets were first made of paper. Later, people used animal skin because it lasts much longer. That is why they are called “piying” in Chinese, which means “skin shadows”. Artists cut the skin into the shapes of people or animals. Then they paint each puppet in bright colors and put it on a stick. Some puppets can even move their arms, legs and eyes. During the show, Wang and his friends hold the puppets close to the screen. A light shines from behind, so the audience can see the shadows move. The artists also speak for different characters and sing old songs. The audience can hardly take their eyes off the screen. These days, Wang and his friends try new ways to protect this art. They add modern ideas to old stories. For example, the puppets can even do modern dance moves! This makes people laugh and cheer. They hope more young people will love this traditional art. 1．Where are the artists standing when they are performing a shadow puppet play? 2．Why do artists like Wang Weifang work hard to keep shadow puppet plays alive? 3．Why are shadow puppets called “piying” in Chinese? 4．What do Wang and his friends do to attract more young people to the art? 5．Do you think young people should learn traditional arts like shadow puppet play? Why or why not? Passage 4 (2025·江苏省淮安市·二模) In Chinese dishes, good vinegar (醋) is like magic. It makes noodles, dumplings, and even vegetables taste amazing – so amazing that it’s part of China’s cultural treasure! The best vinegar comes from Qingxu County in Shanxi. The red sorghum (高粱) grows tall under the sun there. Qingxu county in Taiyuan, Shanxi province, is famous for growing high-quality sorghum. Sorghum is used to make vinegar, and there are many workshops that produce it. The aged vinegar from this place has been famous for hundreds of years. In 2006, the county’s vinegar-making skills were considered as a national cultural treasure. At Shanxi Shuita Vinegar Company, where buildings were built in an ancient style, workers wear Ming Dynasty clothes while making vinegar in the traditional way. “They are not actors, but real workers,” said Zhang Ce, the general manager. “As our company grows, customers want to know how we make our aged vinegar and learn about its history.” In recent years, the vinegar industry has been changing with the times. While keeping old traditions, it has also added exciting new flavors (风味). For example, some companies are trying to make apple vinegar for kids and honey vinegar for salads. Qingxu county has 81 vinegar businesses. They produce about 800,000 tons of vinegar each year. This industry offers jobs to almost 100,000 people. The county is working hard to grow its vinegar industry. A vinegar industry development fund (基金) has been set up. The aged vinegar produced in Shanxi so far has been exported (出口) to 36 countries and areas, including the United States, Canada, Australia and Japan. 根据上面短文的内容，回答问题 (每个小题答案不超过8个词)。 1．According to the passage, what is vinegar made of in Qingxu county? 2．How long has Qingxu county been famous for the aged vinegar? 3．Are the people in Ming Dynasty clothes at Shanxi Shuita Vinegar Company workers or actors? 4．Why are the companies trying to make apple vinegar for kids and honey vinegar for salads? 5．What can we know from the last paragraph? 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 (2026·江苏省无锡市江阴市·二模) 阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题，每小题答案不超过10个单词。 More than 5,300 pieces of Dunhuang treasures have “returned” to China in digital (数字式的) form. Now they can be read online, according to the National Library of China. These digital resources were provided by France’s national library, which holds over 7,000 copies. The Dunhuang documents (文献) were discovered in the Mogao Caves in Gansu Province in the early 20th century. There are more than 50,000 of them. They cover history, language, and art. They date from the 5th to 11th centuries. Most are in Chinese, but some are in other languages like Khotanese and Hebrew (于阗语和希伯来语). At present, about 16,000 Dunhuang documents are in the National Library of China. The rest are spread overseas in Russia, Britain, France and Japan. In 1908, a French researcher took 7,000 Dunhuang documents to France. These are considered the most important ones. In 2015, the National Library of China started a digital project with France. France’s national library donated digital copies of some ancient paintings and suggested a further study on Dunhuang treasures. More than 50 copies of an ancient encyclopedia (百科全书) were also brought back in digital form from Harvard, Oxford and the British Library. According to experts, most copies overseas are hard to get back. Digitization may bring back ancient works in digital form. “These paper collections are easily broken. We have to race against time,” said one expert. The 5,300 digital documents are not just for researchers. The general public can also visit the website of the National Library of China to read them. “These documents will help people understand Chinese history. Only in this way can we make these valuable ancient books live,” said the project leader. 1．What has “returned” to China in digital form? 2．How many Dunhuang documents did the French researcher take in 1908? 3．What did France’s national library suggest in 2015? 4．Where can the general public read the digital documents? 5．What’s the value of the project according to the underlined part? Passage 2 (2026·吉林省吉林市·二模) Today, food delivery (配送) is an important part of our daily lives. But do you know it has a long history which began in ancient times? Dining services first appeared in the Han Dynasty. It is similar to today’s food delivery. However, the expression “food delivery” was first used in the Song Dynasty. At first, it was a special service for rich people. Later, it won popularity among common people. Takeaway industry was very fashionable in the Song Dynasty. People preferred buying ready-made meals from local shops to cooking at home. Without phones, ordering food was much harder than today. People had to go to restaurants in person or send someone to give an order. They needed to tell the restaurant the time and place for delivery, and then the restaurant would send the food there. The delivery men at that time were called “xianhan” (闲汉). People also hoped the delivered food would stay warm and delicious. Without modern technology, they still came up with a smart idea. In the Song Dynasty, there was a special tool named “wenpan” (温盘). It was like two plates together with a small space in between. They poured hot water into the space to keep the food warm. Food delivery achieves a timeless wish that connects the past and present. From the ancient “wenpan” to modern delivery apps, food delivery has improved greatly. It always meets people’s needs for convenience. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．When did the dining services first appear in China? 2．Who could enjoy the food delivery service at first in ancient China? 3．How did people order takeaway in ancient times without phones? 4．Why did people in the Song Dynasty pour hot water into “wenpan”? 5．What is the advantage of food delivery? 主题03 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 (25-26九·河北唐山玉田县·模拟) Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the way we learn and take tests at school. This brings both good things and new problems. Tests are a very important part of learning. In the past, tests were mostly used to give students a final grade. But now, many teachers believe tests should also help students learn during the whole process (过程), not just at the end. With AI tools, we have a chance to redesign tests to make them more personalized and useful for each student. For example, AI can help grade papers quickly, give feedback (反馈) right away, and create questions that fit each student’s level. This way, you can learn more easily and in a way that’s right for you. However, some people are worried that some students depend on AI too much instead of thinking deeply. That’s because AI makes it easier to copy or get answers without effort. So how can we use AI wisely in education? Two ideas can help us. The first is the Zone of Proximal Development (最近发展区). This means the difference between what students can do alone and what they can do with help. AI can act as a helper or a teacher. It gives support when students face difficult tasks. But if students just let AI do the work, they won’t really learn. The second idea is Assessment (评估) for Learning. This means using tests to help students grow and improve, not just to give them grades. AI can support this by giving feedback and helping students see how they are doing. In short, AI offers great tools for learning, but we must use them in the right way. 1．What were tests mostly used to do in the past? 2．How can AI make tests more personalized and useful? (Write one way) 3．Why are people worried about students using AI too much? 4．What role can AI play according to the Zone of Proximal Development? 5．Will you use AI to help you study? Why or why not? Passage 2 (2026·河北邯郸市邯山区·二模) 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Over the past year, AI videos have become so lifelike that it’s hard to tell what is real and what is fake (假的). For example, viewers of an English TV program were surprised to find the host was made by AI. In recent years, large tech companies have been working hard to develop generative AI (生成式人工智能) tools. With just simple instructions, these tools can create text or pictures. The most famous one is ChatGPT, which can quickly write poems and solve math problems. Now, many large tech companies have their own text-generating models. AI models have been trained to create music, artworks, photos, and even videos. But early AI-generated pictures often had some mistakes, like a person with six fingers. Most of the mistakes have been fixed, so generative AI tools can now make pictures and videos that look real. However, this technology also brings problems. For example, after a hurricane (飓风), fake AI-generated videos and pictures spread quickly online. One video even said the hurricane had blown sharks into local swimming pools. Many generative AI tools can also be misused and lead many people to believe things that are not true. Now there is no perfect way to tell if a video is made by AI. Some companies put a mark on their videos to show it was made by AI, but the mark can be removed (去除). So, if you see a surprising video and don’t know where it comes from, be careful. Check the information in other ways first before you share it. 1．What can ChatGPT do according to the text? 2．Why can generative AI tools now make pictures and videos that look real? 3．According to the fake video, where were the sharks blown by the hurricane? 4．What should you do first before sharing a surprising video online? 5．Do you like generative AI tools? Why or why not? 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读回答问题 参考答案 主题01 人与自我——健康运动 Passage 1： 1． It can take place anywhere, such as in the gym, at school or even at home. 2． People who don’t want to hit the gym can benefit from it the most. 3． It feels more like playing than exercising, with less pressure or boredom. It makes people more likely to stick to exercise and open to other physical activities. 4． It introduces exergaming and its benefits/advantages to help people keep exercising.（答案不唯一） 5．I prefer exergaming because it feels like playing, which makes exercising fun and easy to stick to.（答案不唯一） Passage 2： 1． Because of too much screen time. 2． About 70% of teenagers. 3． Yes, there are. 4． It helps them keep fit and reduce stress. 5． They can get enough sleep and communicate with others.（答案不唯一，合理即可） Passage 3：1．It encourages outdoor activities among both students and teachers. 2．Due to safety concerns. 3．It has been extended by 5 minutes. 4．Jump rope and hula hoop exercises. 5．Yes, I do. Because I can have more time to relax and do outdoor activities./No, I don’t. Because I prefer to stay in the classroom and read.（答案不唯一） Passage 4：1．George Woodville. 2．On the first Saturday of June every year. 3．At home or in a safe place 4． Yes. First, walking without shoes can strengthen the muscles of the feet. Second, it helps me improve my balance and posture. 主题02 人与社会——语言文化 Passage 1：1．To save the local dialects, the Chinese government started the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project a few years ago. 2．In an online library. 3．He worried about the disappearance of dialects. 4．More than 350 universities and research groups joined in, along with thousands of experts and dialect speakers. 5．Digital tools like apps and mobile dictionaries. Passage 2：1．Someone with amazing talent. 2．Ride a donkey while looking for a horse. 3．Because they believe in you and can give you chances. 4．To value practical results over empty words. 5．I like the idiom “Failure is the mother of success.” It tells us we can learn something from failure. (答案不唯一，合理即可) 主题03 人与社会——文学名著 Passage 1：1．It’s about Chinese history./It is about history in ancient China./It is China’s first biographical general history covering more than 3,000 years of history./It tells stories from the legendary Yellow Emperor to Emperor Wu’s time — covering more than 3,000 years of history. 2．About 10 years. 3．Because it changed how Chinese people wrote and learned about history./Because It is China’s first biographical general history./Because it records not only great achievements but also the rise and fall of dynasties. 4．Never give up even when life is hard. 5．It records over 3,000 years of history, teaching lessons of success and failure./By reading it, people can learn from past successes and failures. Passage 2：1．A huge iceberg blocked their way./A huge iceberg. 2．Because the ice was too thick and hard./Because of the thick and hard ice. 3．They dug a tunnel through the ice. 4．It took them five days./Five days 5．Never give up when facing difficulties. (答案言之有理即可) Passage 3：1．His ship was destroyed by a huge storm. 2．Because he was completely alone with no food, clean water, tools, or anyone to turn to for help. 3．He was brave, determined, and would never give up in the face of difficulties. 4．He ate wild fruits and fish, made tools, kept a fire, and wrote a journal to survive and protect himself. 5．the most important thing is not to give up, no matter how hard life is.（答案不唯一，合理即可） 6．I would build a safe shelter first, because it can protect me from bad weather and dangerous animals.（答案不唯一，合理即可） 主题01 人与社会——传统工艺 Passage 1：【答案】1．She is a master bamboo weaver./A master bamboo weaver. 2．About 18 (years old). 3．By keeping working and improving. 4．To make her products special. 5．Her love for bamboo weaving. (言之有理即可) Passage 2：1．In 2017 2. Animals, plants, events and Chinese characters. 3. Yinke and yangke skills. 4. Because it was difficult to control the knife. 5. I can learn patience. Passage 3： 1． Behind a white screen. 2． Because it was once in danger of dying out. 3． Because they were made of animal skin. 4． They add modern ideas to old stories. 5． Yes, because it helps protect traditional culture. Passage 4： 1．(Red) sorghum. 2．For hundreds of years. 3．Workers. 4．To change with the times. 5．The vinegar is popular/famous/known all over the world. 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 1． Passage 1：More than 5,300 pieces of Dunhuang treasures. 2． 1．7,000 Dunhuang documents. 3． A further study on Dunhuang treasures. 4． On the website of the National Library of China. 5． Help understand Chinese history. Passage 2： 1． In the Han Dynasty. 2． Rich people. 3． They had to go to restaurants in person or send someone to give an order. 4． To keep the food warm. 5． It meets people’s needs for convenience. 主题03 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1：【答案】1．They were mostly used to give students a final grade. 2．It can help grade papers quickly. 3．Because AI makes it easier to copy or get answers without effort. 4．A helper or a teacher. 5．Yes, I will. Because it can help me learn more easily. Passage 2：1．It can quickly write poems and solve math problems. 2．Because most of the early mistakes have been fixed. 3．Into local swimming pools. 4．Check the information in other ways first. 5．Yes, I do. Because they are helpful and creative. / No, I don’t. Because they may bring some problems. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读回答问题 主题01 人与自我——健康运动 Passage 1 (2026·山东省德州市德城区·二模) 阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。 Imagine you’re focusing on the screen, controller in hand. Your mom walks in. What might she say? But wait—what if you’re not sitting? You’re jumping up and down and punching (打拳) the air! You are not gaming—you’re actually exergaming! So, what exactly is exergaming? It refers to video games that require physical movements. Exergames use motion-sensing (运动传感) technology cameras, or special equipment to translate your real-world body movements into in-game actions. Exergaming can take place anywhere, such as in the gym, at school or even at home. According to the research from the University of Georgia, people who don’t want to hit the gym benefit from exergaming the most. The study shows that exergamers feel high levels of enjoyment and a sense of control over their exercise. “When you can choose what game to play and how hard to push yourself, you’re more likely to exercise on your own,” says Sami Yli-Piipari, the co-researcher of the study. “You feel like you are doing it for yourself, not because someone tells you to.” Traditional exercise, like weightlifting or running, is great for building strength, but it doesn’t attract everyone. Exergaming feels more like playing than exercising. That desire to play might help people take up physical activities without the pressure or boredom that sometimes comes with heading to the gym. Another study followed 55 people who exercised less than 150 minutes a week. They were asked to have either exergames or traditional gym workouts. The results showed that the gym group worked harder. “That makes sense because you probably will push yourself harder if somebody is looking over your shoulder,” says Yli-Piipari. But the exergamers had a better time. The good feeling and a sense of ownership over their physical exercise make exergamers more likely to stick to it. And possibly, they will be more open to other physical activities in the future. “Sometimes it’s hard for the inactive people to take the first step,” according to Yli-Piipari, “Exergaming might be a chance for them.” 1．Where can exergaming take place? 2．Who can benefit from exergaming the most? 3．Please list two advantages of exergaming. 4．Summarize the passage within 30 words. 5．Which do you prefer, exergaming or traditional exercise? Why? 【答案】 1． It can take place anywhere, such as in the gym, at school or even at home. 2． People who don’t want to hit the gym can benefit from it the most. 3． It feels more like playing than exercising, with less pressure or boredom. It makes people more likely to stick to exercise and open to other physical activities. 4． It introduces exergaming and its benefits/advantages to help people keep exercising.（答案不唯一） 5．I prefer exergaming because it feels like playing, which makes exercising fun and easy to stick to.（答案不唯一） 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了体感游戏（exergaming）的定义、特点以及它作为一种新型运动方式的优势，指出它能让不爱去健身房的人以更轻松有趣的方式进行锻炼，并更容易长期坚持。 【详解】1．文章第2段“Exergaming can take place anywhere, such as in the gym, at school or even at home”，说明体感游戏可以在任何地方进行。 1．文章第3段“According to the research from the University of Georgia, people who don’t want to hit the gym benefit from exergaming the most.”，说明不想去健身房的人获益最多。 2．文章第4段“Exergaming feels more like playing than exercising”和第5段“The good feeling and a sense of ownership over their physical exercise make exergamers more likely to stick to it”，说明体感游戏的两个优点是：感觉像在玩，能让人更容易坚持锻炼。 3．本题要求在30词以内总结文章。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了体感游戏的定义及其优势，指出它能帮助不爱运动的人享受锻炼并坚持下去。可推知结论文章主要介绍了体感游戏及其优势。（围绕主旨表达，答案不唯一） 4．本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一。需先表明偏好，再结合文中观点或自身实际给出理由。 Passage 2 (2026·黑龙江省哈尔滨市·二模) Health is better than wealth. It is necessary for us students to have a healthy lifestyle. Nowadays, many teenagers are addicted to digital devices (沉迷数字设备). They spend hours playing mobile games, watching videos, or chatting online, which takes up their study and exercise time and harms their mental health. A recent study shows that many teenagers in a certain area feel down and worried because of too much screen time. Another serious problem is the lack of physical activity. As Grade Nine students, we are busy with our lessons and exams every day, and most students seldom do outdoor sports. Only about 30% of teenagers get enough weekly exercise, which may cause weight problems, weak bodies, and higher disease risks later in life. However, there are many ways for teenagers to develop a healthy lifestyle. First, they should control daily screen time to no more than two hours and read more books to gain knowledge. Second, regular exercise is necessary. Playing sports three to four times a week helps them keep fit. It’s also a good way to reduce stress. Third, they need a balanced diet, eating more fruit, vegetables and whole grains while cutting down on junk food and sugary drinks. In conclusion, modern life brings convenience but also risks to teenagers’ health. By controlling screen time, exercising regularly and eating healthily, teenagers can live a healthy life and grow up well. 根据短文内容回答问题。 1．Why do many teenagers feel down and worried? 2．How many teenagers don’t get enough weekly exercise? 3．Are there many ways for teenagers to develop a healthy lifestyle? . 4．What benefits does playing sports three to four times a week bring to teenagers? 5．What else can teenagers do to live a healthy life besides those mentioned in the passage? (写出一种即可，不超过10词) 【答案】1．Because of too much screen time. 2．About 70% of teenagers. 3．Yes, there are. 4．It helps them keep fit and reduce stress. 5．They can get enough sleep and communicate with others.（答案不唯一，合理即可） 【导语】本文主要讲述了青少年健康生活方式的重要性，指出了沉迷数字设备和缺乏运动带来的健康问题，并提出了控制屏幕时间、定期锻炼和均衡饮食等建议。 【详解】6．文章第1段“A recent study shows that many teenagers in a certain area feel down and worried because of too much screen time.”表明青少年感到沮丧和担忧是因为屏幕时间过多。答案几乎是原文引述。 1．文章第2段“Only about 30% of teenagers get enough weekly exercise”表明没有得到足够锻炼的青少年比例约为100%-30%=70%。 2．文章第3段“However, there are many ways for teenagers to develop a healthy lifestyle.”表明结论是肯定的，确实有很多方法。 3．文章第3段“Playing sports three to four times a week helps them keep fit. It’s also a good way to reduce stress.”表明运动能帮助保持健康并减轻压力。答案几乎是原文引述。 4．本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一，除了文中提到的控制屏幕时间、锻炼和饮食外，结合健康常识，合理作答即可。 Passage 3 (2026·山东省宁津县·二模) 阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。 Primary and secondary schools across many Chinese cities have extended class breaks from 10 to 15 minutes. It encourages outdoor activities among both students and teachers. Traditionally, schools in China have 10-minute breaks between classes, which provide limited time for students, particularly those in tall buildings, to take part in outdoor activities. In some schools, students were stopped from leaving classrooms during breaks due to safety concerns (担心). The move to extend (延长) break times makes sure students can take part in at least 30 minutes of physical exercise a day. Schools in Beijing, Tianjin, and Qingdao in Shandong Province, have longer breaks now. In Beijing, in elementary schools, the morning arrival time, afternoon dismissal (解散) time, and lunch break schedules have remained unchanged. In middle schools, only the dismissal time has been extended by 5 minutes, while others have remained largely the same. Students now have more time to relax, rest, and take part in physical activities outdoors, which can enhance (提高) their physical fitness. Schools across Beijing will adjust (调整) their break schedules according to their own conditions. Schools in the Xinwu District of Wuxi, in Jiangsu Province, have implemented (实施) 15-minute breaks, and students have one physical education class daily. They are required to take part in no less than 100 minutes of physical exercise at school each day. A primary school in Qingdao introduced a lot of outdoor games, such as jump rope and hula hoop exercises, along with indoor puzzle games during the 15-minute breaks, according to a local news report. The school organizes students by floor to make sure that every child can take part in outdoor activities, which makes students healthier than before. 1．What’s the purpose of extending breaks from 10 to 15 minutes in many Chinese cities? 2．Why did some schools stop students from leaving classrooms during breaks in the past? 3．What changes have been made to the dismissal time in Beijing’s middle schools? 4．According to the local news report, what outdoor games did the primary school in Qingdao introduce during the 15-minute breaks? 5．Do you want to have a 15-minute break? Why or why not? 【答案】1．It encourages outdoor activities among both students and teachers. 2．Due to safety concerns. 3．It has been extended by 5 minutes. 4．Jump rope and hula hoop exercises. 5．Yes, I do. Because I can have more time to relax and do outdoor activities./No, I don’t. Because I prefer to stay in the classroom and read.（答案不唯一） 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国许多城市的中小学将课间休息时间从10分钟延长到15分钟，以鼓励师生进行更多的户外活动和体育锻炼。 【详解】11．根据文章第一段“It encourages outdoor activities among both students and teachers.（它鼓励学生和老师进行户外活动。）”可推知结论延长课间休息时间的目的是鼓励师生进行户外活动。 1．根据文章第二段“In some schools, students were stopped from leaving classrooms during breaks due to safety concerns.（在一些学校，出于安全考虑，学生在课间被禁止离开教室。）”可推知结论过去一些学校不让学生离开教室是因为担心安全问题。 2．根据文章第四段“In middle schools, only the dismissal time has been extended by 5 minutes...（在中学，只有放学时间延长了5分钟……）”可推知结论北京中学的放学时间延长了5分钟。 3．根据文章第七段“A primary school in Qingdao introduced a lot of outdoor games, such as jump rope and hula hoop exercises...（青岛的一所小学引入了许多户外游戏，如跳绳和呼啦圈运动……）”可推知结论青岛的这所小学在15分钟的课间休息里引入了跳绳和呼啦圈等户外游戏。 4．本题为开放性观点题，需要先表明立场（想或不想），再给出理由。根据文章内容，延长课间休息能让学生有更多时间放松和参加户外活动，因此可结合自身感受和文章内容来作答，言之成理即可。 Passage 4 (2025·北京市房山区·二模) 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Walking Barefoot Barefoot walking has a long history and we can’t say it was started by just one person. In 2009, Christopher McDougall published the book Barn to Run, which tells the story of the Tarahumara people in Mexico who run long distances barefoot. George Woodville is called “Barefoot Guy” on social media. He shares his barefoot experiences with strangers online. Many people liked his videos and tried walking barefoot. World Barefoot Day is on the first Saturday of June every year. This day encourages people to walk without shoes. The aim is to make more people know about poor children who can’t afford shoes. Some groups also start activities to collect and give away shoes and money. If you want to try walking barefoot, you can practise at home or in a safe place. Make sure to check your feet for cuts after each walk and keep your feet clean. Walking barefoot can offer surprising health benefits. Taking time each day to walk barefoot or step outside and put your feet in the grass can improve your physical and mental health. Walking without shoes can strengthen the muscles of the feet. People who run without shoes usually have larger leg and foot muscles. What’s more, it helps us improve our balance and posture (体态). Walking barefoot is also good for our mental health. While walking around barefoot can have many benefits and positive effects on your health, you have to remember that humans invented shoes for a reason. Sure, there are plenty of benefits to walking around barefoot some of the time, but that doesn’t mean that you should just throw away all of your shoes and go all natural all the time. The most obvious reason for wearing shoes is to protect our feet from environments. Sometimes, we might step on something and get our feet cut. And walking barefoot in some public places may put us at risk of getting diseases like athlete’s foot. Also, if we’re not used to it, it might be a bit hard on our joints (关节). Although there are some risks, the benefits of walking barefoot are really amazing! 1．Who is called “Barefoot Guy” on social media? 2．When is World Barefoot Day? 3．Where can you practise walking barefoot? 4．Would you like to try walking barefoot? Why or why not? (Please give two reasons,) 【答案】1．George Woodville. 2．On the first Saturday of June every year. 3．At home or in a safe place 4． Yes. First, walking without shoes can strengthen the muscles of the feet. Second, it helps me improve my balance and posture. 【导语】本文主要讨论了赤脚行走的历史、相关人物、世界赤脚日、赤脚行走的益处与风险等内容。 【详解】16．根据文中“George Woodville is called ‘Barefoot Guy’ on social media.”可知，George Woodville在社交媒体上被称为“赤脚人”。故填George Woodville. 1．根据文中“World Barefoot Day is on the first Saturday of June every year.”可知，世界赤脚日在每年六月的第一个星期六。故填On the first Saturday of June every year. 2．根据文中“If you want to try walking barefoot, you can practise at home or in a safe place.”可知，如果想尝试赤脚行走，可以在家里或者安全的地方练习。故填At home or in a safe place. 3．这是一个开放性问题，答案因人而异。但可以根据文章内容和个人理解来回答。故填Yes. First, walking without shoes can strengthen the muscles of the feet. Second, it helps me improve my balance and posture. 主题02 人与社会——语言文化 Passage 1 (2026·山东省烟台市蓬莱区·二模) 阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。 Do you speak a dialect (方言), which means local language, in daily life? While many Chinese people speak Putonghua, some local dialects are in danger of disappearing. To save them, the Chinese government started the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project a few years ago. This project looks at how people talk in 1,712 places. Their languages include 103 dialects that are almost gone. It has helped China to build the largest language resource library in the world. There’s an online library. In it people can learn dialects from over 5.6 million audio clips and over 5 million videos. Why is it important to protect the dialect culture? According to Harold Palmer, a world expert on language, “dialects are a key to storing local cultures. Language clearly shows the history and beliefs of an area,” he said. Scholar Zhang Hongming talked about his worries about the disappearance of dialects. “For about 10 years, in the Wu dialect areas such as Shanghai and Suzhou, children aged 6 to 15 can understand but hardly speak the dialect. Young people above 15 years old sometimes speak it, but not very well. If this keeps happening, the dialect might disappear,” he said. So how did China make this big library? “A big national effort has been put into the project to make it happen,” said Cao Zhiyun, an expert on the project. “More than 350 universities and research groups joined in, along with thousands of experts and dialect speakers.” The project is now entering into its second part. It includes creating digital tools like apps and mobile dictionaries to help people learn dialects. 1．Why did the Chinese government start the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project? 2．Where can people learn dialects from audio clips and videos? 3．What did Zhang Hongming worry about? 4．To make the big library, what effort did the project make? 5．What will be created in the second part of the project? 【答案】1．To save the local dialects, the Chinese government started the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project a few years ago. 2．In an online library. 3．He worried about the disappearance of dialects. 4．More than 350 universities and research groups joined in, along with thousands of experts and dialect speakers. 5．Digital tools like apps and mobile dictionaries. 【导语】本文介绍了中国方言面临消失的现状，讲述了中国语言资源保护工程的实施背景、具体措施与阶段进展，强调了方言作为地方文化载体的重要性。 【详解】20．第一段提到“While many Chinese people speak putonghua, some local dialects are in danger of disappearing. To save them, the Chinese government started the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project a few years ago.”，答案为原文直接信息。 1．第二段指出“There’s an online library. In it people can learn dialects from over 5.6 million audio clips and over 5 million videos.” ，这是原文中的具体信息，直接提取即可。 2．第四段提到“Scholar Zhang Hongming talked about his worries about the disappearance of dialects.” ，这是原文直接表述的内容。 3．第五段中指出“More than 350 universities and research groups joined in, along with thousands of experts and dialect speakers.”，答案是对原文信息的直接提取。 4．最后一段提到“The project is now entering into its second part. It includes creating digital tools like apps and mobile dictionaries to help people learn dialects.” ，答案是原文直接信息。 Passage 2 (2026·河北省沧州市任丘市·二模) 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 You may notice that horses appear in many Chinese idioms. These horse-related sayings offer a chance for us to learn about Chinese culture and ancient wisdom. “A horse that covers a thousand miles” is perhaps the most famous horse idiom. It is used to describe someone with amazing talent. The idiom comes from a certain legendary (传奇的) horse which could run 1,000 miles in a single day. “A swift horse needs a good rider” adds another meaning to this idea. Although talented people (“swift horses”) might be common, good leaders who can discover talent (“good riders”) are uncommon. This saying tells why good riders are important—they believe in you and can give you chances. “Ride a donkey while looking for a horse” describes someone who keeps searching for better chances. Chinese people use this idiom to describe practical people who never stop improving themselves. “An old horse knows the way” celebrates the wisdom that comes with experience. Experienced people can guide others through difficult situations. This idiom shows that Chinese people respect the elders and their wisdom. “A painted horse won’t run” warns against valuing appearance over substance (实质). No matter how beautifully you paint a horse, it will never gallop (驰骋). Similarly, beautiful promises without real action are worthless. This idiom teaches Chinese people to value practical results over empty words. These horse idioms show how ancient Chinese people observed (观察) horses’ strength, speed, and intelligence, turning these observations into lessons about humanity, nature and success. 1．What is “A horse that covers a thousand miles” used to describe? 2．Tom is a student who always keeps improving himself, which idiom can be used to describe him according to the text? 3．Why is a good rider important? 4．What does the idiom “A painted horse won’t run” teach us? 5．There are many idioms in English. Which English idiom do you like and what does it tell us? 【答案】1．Someone with amazing talent. 2．Ride a donkey while looking for a horse. 3．Because they believe in you and can give you chances. 4．To value practical results over empty words. 5．I like the idiom “Failure is the mother of success.” It tells us we can learn something from failure. (答案不唯一，合理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个与马有关的中国成语及其背后的文化含义，包括“千里马”、“好马需好骑手”、“骑驴找马”、“老马识途”和“画马不跑”，展示了中国古代智慧。 【详解】30．根据第2段“It is used to describe someone with amazing talent.”，可知该成语用于形容有惊人天赋的人。 1．根据第4段“‘Ride a donkey while looking for a horse’... use this idiom to describe practical people who never stop improving themselves.”，可知该成语适合形容不断进步的人。 2．根据第3段“This saying tells why good riders are important—they believe in you and can give you chances.”，可知好骑手的重要性在于信任和提供机会。 3．根据第6段“This idiom teaches Chinese people to value practical results over empty words.”，可知该成语教导我们要重视实际结果而非空谈。 4．本题为开放性问题，需结合个人积累的英语成语知识作答。 主题03 人与社会——文学名著 Passage 1 (2026·广西壮族自治区河池市·模拟) Do you know the greatest history book in ancient China? It is called Records of the Grand Historian, or Shiji in Chinese. Written by the historian Sima Qian about 2,100 years ago, this book changed how Chinese people wrote and learned about history. Sima Qian lived in the Western Han Dynasty. His father was the Grand Historian and taught Sima Qian to love history. When his father died, Sima Qian took over his job. Later, he had a serious disagreement with Emperor Wu and was punished. But he never gave up. He worked hard for about 10 years to finish Shiji. Shiji is very special. It is China’s first biographical general history. It tells stories from the legendary Yellow Emperor to Emperor Wu’s time — covering more than 3,000 years of history! The book has 130 chapters divided into five parts: Basic Annals (emperors’ stories), Hereditary Houses (noble families), Biographies (famous people’s lives), Tables (timelines), and Treatises (rules, music, and science). Shiji records not only great achievements but also the rise and fall of dynasties. By reading it, people can learn from past successes and failures. Many famous figures appear in the book, like Qin Shi Huang (the first emperor) and Zhang Qian (who opened trade routes). It teaches us about loyalty, bravery, and wisdom. It also set a model for all later Chinese history books. Today, people still read and study Shiji. It is a treasure of Chinese culture. Sima Qian’s story tells us: never give up, even when life is hard. 根据语篇内容，按要求回答问题。 1．What is Shiji about? 2．How long did Sima Qian spend finishing Shiji? 3．Why does the writer say that Shiji “set a model for all later Chinese history books”? Give at least one reason based on the passage. 4．What can you learn from Sima Qian? (不超过15个词) 5．The Chinese saying goes, “Using history as a mirror, one can understand the rise and fall of dynasties.” How does Shiji help people do this? (不超过15个词) 【答案】1．It’s about Chinese history./It is about history in ancient China./It is China’s first biographical general history covering more than 3,000 years of history./It tells stories from the legendary Yellow Emperor to Emperor Wu’s time — covering more than 3,000 years of history. 2．About 10 years. 3．Because it changed how Chinese people wrote and learned about history./Because It is China’s first biographical general history./Because it records not only great achievements but also the rise and fall of dynasties. 4．Never give up even when life is hard. 5．It records over 3,000 years of history, teaching lessons of success and failure./By reading it, people can learn from past successes and failures. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代伟大的历史著作《史记》及其作者司马迁的生平、《史记》的内容结构、历史价值以及给后人的启示。 【详解】35．第一段“the greatest history book in ancient China”和第三段“It is China’s first biographical general history.”及“It tells stories from the legendary Yellow Emperor to Emperor Wu’s time — covering more than 3,000 years of history!”告知《史记》主要讲述的内容范围。答案意思对即可。 1．第二段“He worked hard for about 10 years to finish Shiji”直接指出司马迁完成《史记》所花费的时间大约为10年。 2．第一段“this book changed how Chinese people wrote and learned about history”，第三段“It is China’s first biographical general history”及第四段“Shiji records not only great achievements but also the rise and fall of dynasties.”都说明《史记》成为后世史书的典范的原因。选择一个回答即可。 3．第五段“Sima Qian’s story tells us: never give up, even when life is hard”告诉我们从司马迁身上学到的精神品质是遇到困难不放弃。故填Never give up even when life is hard. 4．第四段“By reading it, people can learn from past successes and failures”可知，《史记》帮助人们以史为鉴的具体方式。 Passage 2 (2026·江苏扬州市邗江区·调研) 阅读下面短文，用英语回答短文后的问题(每题回答字数不超过10字词) The Nautilus sailed smoothly through the cold seawater that April evening. Captain Nemo stood at the helm, watching the compass and the depth meter. Outside, the calm sea glowed softly in the sunset. Professor Aronnax, his servant Conseil, and Ned Land, the strong harpooner, sat quietly in the library, enjoying the wonderful undersea views and watching strange fish passing by the big window. Suddenly, the Nautilus shook hard and stopped moving. Ned Land jumped up, angry and nervous. “What happened? Are we hitting a rock?” he shouted loudly. Captain Nemo turned to them and kept calm. “No,” he said seriously. “We have met a huge iceberg. It has completely blocked our forward path.” The professor looked very worried and afraid. “Can we break through the thick ice soon?” he whispered. Captain Nemo shook his head slowly. “The ice is too thick and hard. We must wait patiently until it melts slowly.” They were trapped under the cold ice for days. The fresh air inside the submarine was running out day by day. All the hard-working crew worked day and night to dig a narrow tunnel through the thick ice. Ned Land grew impatient and restless. He wanted to leave the submarine as soon as possible. The professor tried his best to calm him down and encouraged everyone not to give up. On the fifth day, the thick ice finally began to break little by little. The Nautilus moved forward slowly and broke through the hard ice sheet successfully. The air outside became fresh, and the bright sun shone on the sea. They were safe and free again at last. Taken from “Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea” 1．What shook the Nautilus violently one evening? 2．Why couldn’t they break the ice at first? 3．What did the crew do to get out of trouble? 4．How long did it take them to get free from the ice ? 5．What do you learn from the story?   【答案】1．A huge iceberg blocked their way./A huge iceberg. 2．Because the ice was too thick and hard./Because of the thick and hard ice. 3．They dug a tunnel through the ice. 4．It took them five days./Five days 5．Never give up when facing difficulties. (答案言之有理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，节选自《海底两万里》，主要讲述了鹦鹉螺号在航行中撞上冰山被困，船员们齐心协力挖隧道，最终在第五天成功脱险的故事。 【详解】40．文章第二段指出鹦鹉螺号剧烈摇晃的原因“We have met a huge iceberg. It has completely blocked our forward path”，答案为原文引述。 1．第二段结尾给出原因：“The ice is too thick and hard”，答案为原文信息，可直接提取。 2．第三段提到“All the…to dig a narrow tunnel through the thick ice”，可知是船员们通过挖一条狭窄的隧道来摆脱困境。答案几乎为原文引述。 3．第四段开头指出“On the fifth day, the thick ice finally began to break little by little”，可知是他们花了五天时间才从冰层中解脱出来。答案几乎为原文引述。 4．开放性试题，答案不唯一，但观点需基于文中事实。如Never give up when facing difficulties. Passage 3 (25-26九下·上海青浦区·二模) Robinson Crusoe, a young Englishman with a strong desire for adventure, was determined to sail across the seas. Despite his parents’ strong disagreement, he went on a voyage secretly. Unfortunately, his ship was destroyed by a huge storm. He became the only survivor and was washed up on an unknown island... When I woke up, the storm was over. I found myself lying on a strange island. The sun was shining brightly, and the waves were gently beating against the shore. There was nothing but sand, rocks and thick forest as far as I could see. My ship had been broken into pieces during the storm, and all the sailors had disappeared. I was completely alone, with no one to turn to for help. At first I felt hopeless and afraid. I had no food, no clean water and no tools. I did not know where I was or how long I might survive in this wild place. But soon I realized that crying and worrying were completely useless. I walked along the shore and saw our ship’s wreckage (残骸) nearby, and went over and climbed on board. I managed to take several useful things from it: some bread, rice, guns, bullets, daily tools, and even a few coins. I made a small raft to carry them to the shore, after which I built a simple tent near a hill and lit a fire for warmth and safety. Sitting by the fire, I promised myself I would never give up. In the following days, I worked hard to survive on the island. I found safe wild fruits to eat, made a fishing net to catch fish for food, and made simple wooden tools such as an axe and a shovel. Every afternoon, I collected dry wood to keep a fire burning day and night, because the fire could scare away dangerous animals. Every night, I wrote down my experiences in my journal to encourage myself and stay brave. Slowly, the island no longer seemed so terrible. I told myself again and again: I must keep going. I finally learned that __________________. 1．What happened to Robinson Crusoe’s ship when he set sail? 2．Why did Robinson feel hopeless and afraid at first on the island? 3．From the underlined part, what can we tell about Robinson Crusoe’s character? 4．How did Robinson make a living and protect himself on the island? (Within 25 words) 5．Please complete the last sentence of the story. 6．If you were Robinson, what would you do first to improve your life on the island? Why? 【答案】1．His ship was destroyed by a huge storm. 2．Because he was completely alone with no food, clean water, tools, or anyone to turn to for help. 3．He was brave, determined, and would never give up in the face of difficulties. 4．He ate wild fruits and fish, made tools, kept a fire, and wrote a journal to survive and protect himself. 5．the most important thing is not to give up, no matter how hard life is.（答案不唯一，合理即可） 6．I would build a safe shelter first, because it can protect me from bad weather and dangerous animals.（答案不唯一，合理即可） 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，改编自《鲁滨逊漂流记》，讲述了主人公在风暴后流落荒岛，从绝望到振作，利用沉船残骸中的物资和自然资源努力求生的故事。 1．根据文章开头“Unfortunately, his ship was destroyed by a huge storm.” 可知，鲁滨逊的船被一场巨大的风暴摧毁了。 2．根据文中“I was completely alone, with no one to turn to for help. At first I felt hopeless and afraid. I had no food, no clean water and no tools.” 可知，他感到绝望和害怕，是因为他孤身一人，没有食物、淡水、工具，也无人可以求助。 3．根据划线部分可知，他在困境中主动寻找物资、搭建住所，并发誓永不放弃，体现出他勇敢、意志坚定、面对困难绝不退缩的性格特点。 4．根据文章“found safe wild fruits … made a fishing net to catch fish … made simple wooden tools such as an axe and a shovel … collected dry wood to keep a fire … wrote down my experiences”可知，他通过吃野果、鱼，制作工具，生火，写日记来谋生和自我保护。 5．根据前文他不断鼓励自己“never give up”“keep going”可知，他最终明白的是永不放弃的道理。（答案不唯一，合理即可） 6．这是开放性问题，结合文中鲁滨逊的生存逻辑，优先解决安全与生存问题即可，示例：I would build a safe shelter first, because it can protect me from bad weather and dangerous animals.（答案不唯一，合理即可） 主题01 人与社会——传统工艺 Passage 1 (2026·江苏省无锡市·二模) 阅读下面的短文， 然后根据短文内容回答问题，每小题答案不超过6个单词。 Yang Changqin turned a childhood dream into a career. The 36-year-old is now a master bamboo weaver (编织者). Born in Guizhou Province, Yang loved handicrafts (手工艺) as a child. After trying different jobs, she gave up her kindergarten teaching job, and started learning traditional bamboo weaving at about 18. Bamboo weaving turns bamboo pieces into useful and pretty objects through skilled handwork. It makes everyday objects such as chairs, baskets and other tools in houses. Yang remembered how hard it was at the beginning. She found it hard to control the knife and often cut her hands. But she kept working and improving until the skills came easily to her. In 2012, she set up her brand (品牌) Jizhu. Its bamboo paintings, handbags and lamps soon became popular. But starting a business also meant learning new skills. She mixed traditional skills with modern technology to make her products special, and also learned to manage production and reach more customers outside her hometown. As more young people take an interest in intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) and run brands themselves, Yang encourages them to use their power to bring traditional crafts into modern life. “Turn your interest into a job,” she said. Her love for the craft, she added, is what carried her through each challenge. 1．What is Yang Changqin now? 2．How old was Yang when she started learning bamboo weaving? 3．How did Yang make the skills come easily to her? 4．Why did Yang mix traditional skills with modern technology? 5．What impresses you most about Yang Changqin? 【答案】1．She is a master bamboo weaver./A master bamboo weaver. 2．About 18 (years old). 3．By keeping working and improving. 4．To make her products special. 5．Her love for bamboo weaving. (言之有理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了杨昌芹将童年的梦想变成事业，克服重重困难，最终成为一名竹编大师的故事。 【详解】51．第一段介绍：“The 36-year-old is now a master bamboo weaver”，说明杨昌芹现在是一名竹编大师。 1．第二段结尾提到：“started learning traditional bamboo weaving at about 18”，说明她大约18岁时开始学习竹编。 2．第四段提到：“But she kept working and improving until the skills came easily to her”，说明她是通过不断练习和改进使技能变得熟练。 3．第五段提到“ She mixed traditional skills with modern technology to make her products special”，说明她将传统技艺与现代技术相结合是为了让产品变得特别。 4．本题为主观开放题，答案不唯一。结合杨昌芹的经历，写出最令人印象深刻的一点并说明理由即可。 Passage 2 (2026·河北唐山市滦州市·模拟) 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 At Da’an Town Middle School in Tangshan, Hebei province, the paper-cutting club is popular among students. Set up in 2017, the club now has around 80 members, mostly 7th and 8th graders. Each week, it hosts activities where students can explore the fun of the folk art. Yang Hua, one of the club’s teachers, noted that students are interested in cutting different kinds of designs which include animals, plants, events and Chinese characters. With the help from the school’s art teachers, it usually takes one to two hours for them to complete a piece. Unlike folding (折) paper and using scissors to cut, the club encourages students to use knives to carve out patterns (雕刻出图案). This method is simpler but can also create rich designs. For Liu Anqi, a grade 8 student, her proudest work is called Amazing China. It shows three people proudly celebrating a harvest (丰收). To create this piece, she used both yinke and yangke skills. “For example, I used yinke for the national flag and sunflowers to keep the background color, while yangke was used to carve out the people and the shining light,” she explained. Cai Yanbo, Liu’s classmate, shared his favorite paper piece, featuring a panda walking among flowers and bamboo. He also used both yinke and yangke skills. “I faced many challenges during the process. It was difficult to control the knife. At first, I used too much force and cut through the connecting parts. But after trying a few more times, I finally succeeded. I gave the piece to my friend, and he beautified his room with it. This made me really happy.” “Besides learning about folk art, we also hope students can improve their hands-on abilities and observational (观察的) skills through the activities,” added Yang. 1．When was the paper-cutting club set up? 2．What kinds of designs are the students interested in? 3．What paper-cutting skills are used in the two students’ works? 4．Why did Cai Yanbo think there were many challenges during the process? 5．If you are a member of the paper-cutting club, what can you learn? (答案需与文中不同) 【答案】 1．In 2017 2. Animals, plants, events and Chinese characters. 3. Yinke and yangke skills. 4. Because it was difficult to control the knife. 5. I can learn patience. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了河北省唐山市大安镇中学剪纸社团的成立背景、活动内容、学生作品展示以及参与社团活动带来的收获。 【详解】56．根据文章第一段“Set up in 2017（成立于2017年）”可推知结论该社团成立于2017年。故填In 2017. 1．由第二段“students are interested in cutting different kinds of designs which include animals, plants, events and Chinese characters”可知，学生们对动物、植物、事件和汉字等不同种类的设计感兴趣。 2．从第三段“For Liu Anqi, a grade 8 student, her proudest work is called Amazing China. She used both yinke and yangke skills.”以及第四段“Cai Yanbo, Liu’s classmate, shared his favorite paper-piece. He also used both yinke and yangke skills.”可知，这两个学生的作品都用到了阴刻和阳刻技巧。 3．依据第四段“Cai Yanbo...I faced many challenges during the process. It was difficult to control the knife. At first, I used too much force and cut through the connecting parts.”可知，蔡彦博觉得过程中有很多挑战是因为很难控制刀具，一开始用力过大还切断了连接部分。 4．文中提到老师希望学生提高动手能力和观察力，但根据第四段蔡彦博克服困难的经历“At first, I used too much force... But after trying a few more times, I finally succeeded”可推知结论成员还可以学到耐心。 Passage 3 (25-26九·四川成都崇州·模拟) The Magic of Shadows It is Saturday afternoon in a small town near Xi’an. Wang Weifang and his friends are putting on a special show. The audience can hear them clearly, but they cannot see the artists. That is because the artists stand behind a white screen. They are performing a shadow puppet (皮影) play. This is a traditional Chinese folk art with a long history. Today, it is on UNESCO’s list of intangible (非物质) cultural heritage. Shadow puppet plays in China started over 2,000 years ago. Artists use light to make shadows on a screen and tell stories. This is one of the earliest kinds of “moving pictures”. It has influenced modern films and cartoons a lot. Sadly, this old art was once in danger of dying out. Artists like Wang don’t want to see that, so they work hard to keep it alive. Shadow puppets were first made of paper. Later, people used animal skin because it lasts much longer. That is why they are called “piying” in Chinese, which means “skin shadows”. Artists cut the skin into the shapes of people or animals. Then they paint each puppet in bright colors and put it on a stick. Some puppets can even move their arms, legs and eyes. During the show, Wang and his friends hold the puppets close to the screen. A light shines from behind, so the audience can see the shadows move. The artists also speak for different characters and sing old songs. The audience can hardly take their eyes off the screen. These days, Wang and his friends try new ways to protect this art. They add modern ideas to old stories. For example, the puppets can even do modern dance moves! This makes people laugh and cheer. They hope more young people will love this traditional art. 1．Where are the artists standing when they are performing a shadow puppet play? 2．Why do artists like Wang Weifang work hard to keep shadow puppet plays alive? 3．Why are shadow puppets called “piying” in Chinese? 4．What do Wang and his friends do to attract more young people to the art? 5．Do you think young people should learn traditional arts like shadow puppet play? Why or why not? 【答案】 1． Behind a white screen. 2． Because it was once in danger of dying out. 3． Because they were made of animal skin. 4． They add modern ideas to old stories. 5． Yes, because it helps protect traditional culture. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了皮影戏的起源、制作材料、表演形式、发展现状以及传承创新的相关内容。 【详解】61．文中第一段明确提到“That is because the artists stand behind a white screen.”，直接提取地点信息即可得出答案。 1．第二段指出“Sadly, this old art was once in danger of dying out”，他们不愿这项传统技艺消失，所以努力传承延续皮影戏。 2．第三段提到“Later, people used animal skin because it lasts much longer. That is why they are called ‘piying’ in Chinese, which means ‘skin shadows’.”，说明后来人们使用更耐用的兽皮制作皮影，piying字面意思为皮做的影子，由此得名。 3．文末提到“They add modern ideas to old stories.”，融入新潮元素丰富表演内容，以此吸引年轻人喜爱皮影戏。 4．本题为开放性问答题，可结合传承传统文化、了解民俗历史、丰富课余生活等角度作答，观点合理语句通顺即可。 Passage 4 (2025·江苏省淮安市·二模) In Chinese dishes, good vinegar (醋) is like magic. It makes noodles, dumplings, and even vegetables taste amazing – so amazing that it’s part of China’s cultural treasure! The best vinegar comes from Qingxu County in Shanxi. The red sorghum (高粱) grows tall under the sun there. Qingxu county in Taiyuan, Shanxi province, is famous for growing high-quality sorghum. Sorghum is used to make vinegar, and there are many workshops that produce it. The aged vinegar from this place has been famous for hundreds of years. In 2006, the county’s vinegar-making skills were considered as a national cultural treasure. At Shanxi Shuita Vinegar Company, where buildings were built in an ancient style, workers wear Ming Dynasty clothes while making vinegar in the traditional way. “They are not actors, but real workers,” said Zhang Ce, the general manager. “As our company grows, customers want to know how we make our aged vinegar and learn about its history.” In recent years, the vinegar industry has been changing with the times. While keeping old traditions, it has also added exciting new flavors (风味). For example, some companies are trying to make apple vinegar for kids and honey vinegar for salads. Qingxu county has 81 vinegar businesses. They produce about 800,000 tons of vinegar each year. This industry offers jobs to almost 100,000 people. The county is working hard to grow its vinegar industry. A vinegar industry development fund (基金) has been set up. The aged vinegar produced in Shanxi so far has been exported (出口) to 36 countries and areas, including the United States, Canada, Australia and Japan. 根据上面短文的内容，回答问题 (每个小题答案不超过8个词)。 1．According to the passage, what is vinegar made of in Qingxu county? 2．How long has Qingxu county been famous for the aged vinegar? 3．Are the people in Ming Dynasty clothes at Shanxi Shuita Vinegar Company workers or actors? 4．Why are the companies trying to make apple vinegar for kids and honey vinegar for salads? 5．What can we know from the last paragraph? 【答案】1．(Red) sorghum. 2．For hundreds of years. 3．Workers. 4．To change with the times. 5．The vinegar is popular/famous/known all over the world. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了山西清徐县以高粱为原料、拥有数百年历史的陈醋产业，其在保留传统工艺的同时创新发展，年产规模大、提供众多就业并出口36国，是中国文化瑰宝。 1．根据“Qingxu county in Taiyuan, Shanxi province, is famous for growing high-quality sorghum. Sorghum is used to make vinegar”可知，清徐县的醋由高粱制成。故填(Red) sorghum. 2．根据“The aged vinegar from this place has been famous for hundreds of years.”可知，清徐县的陈醋已闻名数百年。故填For hundreds of years. 3．根据“‘They are not actors, but real workers,’ said Zhang Ce, the general manager.”可知，山西水塔醋业公司穿明代服饰的人是工人。故填Workers. 4．根据“In recent years, the vinegar industry has been changing with the times. While keeping old traditions, it has also added exciting new flavors. For example, some companies are trying to make apple vinegar for kids and honey vinegar for salads.”可知，公司尝试制作苹果醋和蜂蜜醋是为了与时俱进。故填To change with the times.    5．根据“The aged vinegar produced in Shanxi so far has been exported to 36 countries and areas, including the United States, Canada, Australia and Japan.”可知，山西陈醋在世界范围内受欢迎/闻名。故填The vinegar is popular/famous/known all over the world.           主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 (2026·江苏省无锡市江阴市·二模) 阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题，每小题答案不超过10个单词。 More than 5,300 pieces of Dunhuang treasures have “returned” to China in digital (数字式的) form. Now they can be read online, according to the National Library of China. These digital resources were provided by France’s national library, which holds over 7,000 copies. The Dunhuang documents (文献) were discovered in the Mogao Caves in Gansu Province in the early 20th century. There are more than 50,000 of them. They cover history, language, and art. They date from the 5th to 11th centuries. Most are in Chinese, but some are in other languages like Khotanese and Hebrew (于阗语和希伯来语). At present, about 16,000 Dunhuang documents are in the National Library of China. The rest are spread overseas in Russia, Britain, France and Japan. In 1908, a French researcher took 7,000 Dunhuang documents to France. These are considered the most important ones. In 2015, the National Library of China started a digital project with France. France’s national library donated digital copies of some ancient paintings and suggested a further study on Dunhuang treasures. More than 50 copies of an ancient encyclopedia (百科全书) were also brought back in digital form from Harvard, Oxford and the British Library. According to experts, most copies overseas are hard to get back. Digitization may bring back ancient works in digital form. “These paper collections are easily broken. We have to race against time,” said one expert. The 5,300 digital documents are not just for researchers. The general public can also visit the website of the National Library of China to read them. “These documents will help people understand Chinese history. Only in this way can we make these valuable ancient books live,” said the project leader. 1．What has “returned” to China in digital form? 2．How many Dunhuang documents did the French researcher take in 1908? 3．What did France’s national library suggest in 2015? 4．Where can the general public read the digital documents? 5．What’s the value of the project according to the underlined part? 【答案】 1． More than 5,300 pieces of Dunhuang treasures. 2． 1．7,000 Dunhuang documents. 3． A further study on Dunhuang treasures. 4． On the website of the National Library of China. 5． Help understand Chinese history. 【导语】本文介绍五千三百余件敦煌文物以数字形式回归中国，以及相关数字工程的意义与作用。 【详解】76．原文首段第一句原句：“More than 5,300 pieces of Dunhuang treasures have ‘returned’ to China in digital form.”直接引用原句核心内容作答。 1．原文第三段原句：“In 1908, a French researcher took 7,000 Dunhuang documents to France.”摘取原文数字与主体作答。 2．原文第四段原句：“suggested a further study on Dunhuang treasures.”直接引用原文提议内容。 3．原文末段原句：“visit the website of the National Library of China to read them.”精简引用原文地点信息。 4．原文末段原句：“These documents will help people understand Chinese history.”引用划线句对应的原文表意原句作答。 Passage 2 (2026·吉林省吉林市·二模) Today, food delivery (配送) is an important part of our daily lives. But do you know it has a long history which began in ancient times? Dining services first appeared in the Han Dynasty. It is similar to today’s food delivery. However, the expression “food delivery” was first used in the Song Dynasty. At first, it was a special service for rich people. Later, it won popularity among common people. Takeaway industry was very fashionable in the Song Dynasty. People preferred buying ready-made meals from local shops to cooking at home. Without phones, ordering food was much harder than today. People had to go to restaurants in person or send someone to give an order. They needed to tell the restaurant the time and place for delivery, and then the restaurant would send the food there. The delivery men at that time were called “xianhan” (闲汉). People also hoped the delivered food would stay warm and delicious. Without modern technology, they still came up with a smart idea. In the Song Dynasty, there was a special tool named “wenpan” (温盘). It was like two plates together with a small space in between. They poured hot water into the space to keep the food warm. Food delivery achieves a timeless wish that connects the past and present. From the ancient “wenpan” to modern delivery apps, food delivery has improved greatly. It always meets people’s needs for convenience. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．When did the dining services first appear in China? 2．Who could enjoy the food delivery service at first in ancient China? 3．How did people order takeaway in ancient times without phones? 4．Why did people in the Song Dynasty pour hot water into “wenpan”? 5．What is the advantage of food delivery? 【答案】 1． In the Han Dynasty. 2． Rich people. 3． They had to go to restaurants in person or send someone to give an order. 4． To keep the food warm. 5． It meets people’s needs for convenience. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了外卖服务的历史发展，从中国古代汉代的起源到宋代的普及，介绍了当时的服务对象、订购方式及保温工具，最后联系了现代外卖的便利性。 【详解】81．根据文章第2段“Dining services first appeared in the Han Dynasty.”可推知结论餐饮服务在中国首次出现的时间。答案可直接引用原文，故填In the Han Dynasty. 1．根据文章第2段“At first, it was a special service for rich people.”可推知结论古代最初能享受外卖服务的人群。答案可直接引用原文，故填Rich people. 2．根据文章第3段“People had to go to restaurants in person or send someone to give an order. They needed to tell the restaurant the time and place for delivery, and then the restaurant would send the food there.”可推知结论古代没有电话时人们订购外卖的方式。整合原文信息，可填They had to go to restaurants in person or send someone to give an order. 3．根据文章第4段“They poured hot water into the space to keep the food warm.”可推知结论宋代人们往温盘倒热水的目的。故填To keep the food warm. 4．根据文章第5段“It always meets people’s needs for convenience.”可推知结论外卖服务带来的优势。故填It meets people’s needs for convenience. 主题03 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 (25-26九·河北唐山玉田县·模拟) Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the way we learn and take tests at school. This brings both good things and new problems. Tests are a very important part of learning. In the past, tests were mostly used to give students a final grade. But now, many teachers believe tests should also help students learn during the whole process (过程), not just at the end. With AI tools, we have a chance to redesign tests to make them more personalized and useful for each student. For example, AI can help grade papers quickly, give feedback (反馈) right away, and create questions that fit each student’s level. This way, you can learn more easily and in a way that’s right for you. However, some people are worried that some students depend on AI too much instead of thinking deeply. That’s because AI makes it easier to copy or get answers without effort. So how can we use AI wisely in education? Two ideas can help us. The first is the Zone of Proximal Development (最近发展区). This means the difference between what students can do alone and what they can do with help. AI can act as a helper or a teacher. It gives support when students face difficult tasks. But if students just let AI do the work, they won’t really learn. The second idea is Assessment (评估) for Learning. This means using tests to help students grow and improve, not just to give them grades. AI can support this by giving feedback and helping students see how they are doing. In short, AI offers great tools for learning, but we must use them in the right way. 1．What were tests mostly used to do in the past? 2．How can AI make tests more personalized and useful? (Write one way) 3．Why are people worried about students using AI too much? 4．What role can AI play according to the Zone of Proximal Development? 5．Will you use AI to help you study? Why or why not? 【答案】1．They were mostly used to give students a final grade. 2．It can help grade papers quickly. 3．Because AI makes it easier to copy or get answers without effort. 4．A helper or a teacher. 5．Yes, I will. Because it can help me learn more easily. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能 (AI) 在学校学习和测试中的影响，包括其带来的好处、引发的担忧以及如何明智地使用AI的两个理念。 【详解】86．根据文章第2段“In the past, tests were mostly used to give students a final grade.”可推知过去测试的主要用途。 1．根据文章第3段“AI can help grade papers quickly, give feedback right away, and create questions that fit each student’s level.”可推知AI 使测试更个性化的方式，任选其一即可。 2．根据文章第4段“That’s because AI makes it easier to copy or get answers without effort.”可推知人们担忧的原因。 3．根据文章第5段“AI can act as a helper or a teacher.”可推知在最近发展区理论下AI的角色。 4．本题无固定答案，言之有理即可。结合文章主旨，若选择使用，可提及AI能提供帮助；若选择不使用，可提及需独立思考。参考答案为Yes, I will. Because it can help me learn more easily. Passage 2 (2026·河北邯郸市邯山区·二模) 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Over the past year, AI videos have become so lifelike that it’s hard to tell what is real and what is fake (假的). For example, viewers of an English TV program were surprised to find the host was made by AI. In recent years, large tech companies have been working hard to develop generative AI (生成式人工智能) tools. With just simple instructions, these tools can create text or pictures. The most famous one is ChatGPT, which can quickly write poems and solve math problems. Now, many large tech companies have their own text-generating models. AI models have been trained to create music, artworks, photos, and even videos. But early AI-generated pictures often had some mistakes, like a person with six fingers. Most of the mistakes have been fixed, so generative AI tools can now make pictures and videos that look real. However, this technology also brings problems. For example, after a hurricane (飓风), fake AI-generated videos and pictures spread quickly online. One video even said the hurricane had blown sharks into local swimming pools. Many generative AI tools can also be misused and lead many people to believe things that are not true. Now there is no perfect way to tell if a video is made by AI. Some companies put a mark on their videos to show it was made by AI, but the mark can be removed (去除). So, if you see a surprising video and don’t know where it comes from, be careful. Check the information in other ways first before you share it. 1．What can ChatGPT do according to the text? 2．Why can generative AI tools now make pictures and videos that look real? 3．According to the fake video, where were the sharks blown by the hurricane? 4．What should you do first before sharing a surprising video online? 5．Do you like generative AI tools? Why or why not? 【答案】1．It can quickly write poems and solve math problems. 2．Because most of the early mistakes have been fixed. 3．Into local swimming pools. 4．Check the information in other ways first. 5．Yes, I do. Because they are helpful and creative. / No, I don’t. Because they may bring some problems. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了生成式人工智能的发展现状、强大的功能、可能带来的虚假信息问题以及给用户的建议。 【详解】91．根据文章第2段“The most famous one is ChatGPT, which can quickly write poems and solve math problems.（最著名的是ChatGPT，它可以快速写诗和解决数学问题。）”可推知结论，ChatGPT能够快速写诗和解决数学问题。 1．根据文章第3段“Most of the mistakes have been fixed, so generative AI tools can now make pictures and videos that look real.（大多数错误已被修复，所以生成式人工智能工具现在可以制作看起来真实的图片和视频。）”可推知结论，因为大多数错误已被修复。 2．根据文章第4段“One video even said the hurricane had blown sharks into local swimming pools.（一个视频甚至说飓风把鲨鱼吹进了当地的游泳池。）”可推知结论，鲨鱼被吹进了当地的游泳池。 3．根据文章第5段“Check the information in other ways first before you share it.（在分享之前先通过其他方式核实信息。）”可推知结论，分享前应先用其他方式核实信息。 4．本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。根据文章内容，可以选择喜欢因其有用且有创意，或不喜欢因其有风险。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $