Unit 1-8课文及翻译（全册）2026-2027学年沪教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义以主题为核心构建知识体系，通过单元主题框架图整合Reading、文化聚焦、跨学科连接等模块，用思维导图梳理语言知识（词汇、语法）与文化内涵、思维方法的内在联系，突出重难点分布，帮助学生形成系统认知。 讲义亮点在于跨学科融合的练习设计与思维引导，如Unit 7文学体裁匹配任务培养分析推断的思维品质，文化聚焦中王贞仪、陈望道等人物故事提升文化意识。每个单元配有语言运用模板和分层任务，基础学生可夯实词汇语法，优秀学生能深入探究主题意义，为教师实施精准教学和学生自主复习提供有力支持。

2026新沪教版九上英语课文及翻译 Unit 1: Great people Reading: Wang Zhenyi — an outstanding woman scholar 原文(第3-4页) Wang Zhenyi (1768–1797) was a female mathematician and an astronomer who lived in the Qing dynasty. She also had a talent for poetry. Wang grew up in a family that valued education. As a child, she learnt mathematics from her father, astronomy from her grandfather and poetry from her grandmother. When she was a teenager, she spent a lot of time studying and building her knowledge in her grandfather's library. Wang learnt more and more about astronomy and mathematics, even though the language in the science books was very old‑fashioned and difficult to understand. This experience made her realize something important: scientific texts need to be written in a clear way so that everyone can understand them. With this in mind, she rewrote the mathematician Mei Wending’s famous book about calculation. At age 24, she created a simpler method of multiplication and division, and wrote a book about it. Wang also studied astronomy on her own. She described lunar and solar eclipses in her works. In old times, people thought eclipses were a sign that heaven was angry with them, but Wang showed that these events were completely natural. She explained it in a simple way so that ordinary people could understand. She set up a model of a lunar eclipse in a garden. It was made up of a round table representing the Earth, a lamp as the Sun, and a round mirror as the Moon. Wang moved the objects around to show what happens during a lunar eclipse: when the Moon passes into the Earth’s shadow, the Moon becomes darker. Her model was clear and simple to understand, even for the youngest people in the audience. In addition to her achievements in mathematics and astronomy, Wang Zhenyi was an excellent poet, and she wrote about unusually modern topics. Wang knew that women are no less intelligent than men, as we can see in this poem: It’s made to believe, Women are the same as Men; Are you not convinced, Daughters can also be heroic? In 1994, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) named a crater on Venus after Wang Zhenyi. Since she achieved so much in her short time on Earth—she died at the age of 29—it is fitting that she is remembered beyond it. 翻译 王贞仪(1768–1797)是清代的一位女性数学家和天文学家,同时也富有诗歌天赋。 王贞仪在一个重视教育的家庭中长大。小时候,她跟父亲学习数学,跟祖父学习天文学,跟祖母学习诗歌。少年时期,她花大量时间在祖父的书房里学习和积累知识。 尽管科学书籍中的语言非常陈旧难懂,王贞仪还是学到了越来越多的天文学和数学知识。这段经历让她意识到一件重要的事:科学文本需要写得清晰,让每个人都能理解。带着这个想法,她重写了数学家梅文鼎关于计算的名著。24岁时,她创造了一种更简单的乘除法方法,并为此写了一本书。 王贞仪还自学天文学。她在著作中描述了月食和日食。在古代,人们认为日食和月食是天神发怒的征兆,但王贞仪证明这些现象完全是自然的。她用简单的方式解释,让普通人也能明白。她在花园里搭建了一个月食模型:一张圆桌代表地球,一盏灯代表太阳,一面圆镜代表月亮。她移动这些物体,展示月食发生时的情况——当月亮进入地球的阴影时,月亮就会变暗。即使是最小的观众也能清楚地理解她的模型。 除了数学和天文学方面的成就,王贞仪还是一位出色的诗人,她写的诗主题非常现代。她深知女性并不比男性愚笨,从下面这首诗中可以看出: “信知女子不弱男,试问巾帼可英雄?” 1994年,国际天文学联合会用王贞仪的名字命名了金星上的一个陨石坑。她在地球上的短暂一生(29岁去世)中取得了如此多的成就,因此后世铭记她是完全应当的。 Focusing on culture: The taste of truth is sweet 原文(第13-14页) Under the dim light of an oil lamp, a man sat at a desk in an old house. With a writing brush in his hand, he was busy writing on a piece of paper. It was early spring and the air was still cold. His hands were numb, but the task was so important that he couldn’t stop working. “It’s going to take me weeks,” he said to himself. Several days passed, and he always worked deep into the night. His mother was worried about his health, and she sometimes brought him some snacks at night. Then one day, his mother came again. “I have made some zongzi for you!” she said. “They taste better when dipped in the brown sugar sauce. I hope you’ll enjoy them. And go to bed early!” “Thank you, Mum!” he said. His mother left and he continued his work. He felt a bit hungry, so he reached for a zongzi, dipped it in, and then ate it. When his mother later returned for the bowls, she was surprised to see that there was ink all around her son’s mouth. “My son,” she said, “how were your zongzi?” “They were delicious!” he replied. “But you have ink all around your mouth!” she said. “You must have dipped them in the ink instead of the brown sugar sauce!” “Ah!” he said with a big smile. “But the taste is so sweet!” The man here was Chen Wangdao, a scholar and educator. It is said that he was so concentrated on translating The Communist Manifesto that he didn’t realize he was eating ink! To Chen, “the taste of truth is so sweet”! In 1920, in his home village in Zhejiang Province, Chen Wangdao made the first Chinese translation of The Communist Manifesto. His strong belief in Marxism helped him complete the difficult translation work. The book inspired many of the early communist pioneers to fight for a better future for the people. 翻译 在一盏油灯的昏暗灯光下,一个男人坐在老房子的书桌前。他手里拿着毛笔,正忙着在纸上写字。 那是早春,空气还很冷。他的手冻得麻木,但任务太重要了,他无法停止工作。“这要花我几个星期,”他自言自语。几天过去了,他总是工作到深夜。母亲担心他的健康,有时晚上给他带些点心。 一天,母亲又来了。“我给你做了一些粽子!”她说。“蘸红糖酱更好吃。希望你喜欢。早点睡觉!”“谢谢你,妈妈!”他说。母亲离开后,他继续工作。他觉得有点饿,便伸手拿了一个粽子,蘸了一下,然后吃了。 后来母亲回来收碗,惊讶地发现儿子嘴角全是墨汁。“儿子,”她说,“粽子好吃吗?”“很好吃!”他回答。“但你嘴边都是墨汁!”她说。“你一定是蘸了墨水,不是红糖酱!”“啊!”他笑着说。“可这味道真甜!” 这个人就是学者和教育家陈望道。据说他全神贯注地翻译《共产党宣言》,以至于没意识到自己在吃墨水!对陈望道来说,“真理的味道真甜”!1920年,在浙江老家的村子里,陈望道完成了《共产党宣言》的第一个中文全译本。他对马克思主义的坚定信念帮助他完成了这项艰巨的翻译工作。这本书激励了无数早期共产主义先驱为人民的美好未来而奋斗。 Cross‑curricular connection: Penicillin: an accidental discovery that changed the world 原文(第15页) Many people consider the discovery of penicillin to be a major turning point in the history of the world. Before penicillin, a simple cut or insect bite could lead to serious infection and even death. Similarly, diseases caused by bacteria were likely to kill patients within weeks or even days. Doctors tried their best, but their treatments often failed and many patients died. It is hard to believe that this world‑changing discovery happened by accident! In 1928, a scientist in London called Alexander Fleming came back from holiday to find his laboratory in a bit of a mess. He noticed there was mould growing in some of the laboratory dishes left lying around. As he sorted through them, he noticed something extraordinary. There were no bacteria in areas around the mould. Fleming found that a substance in the mould was killing the bacteria. He called it “penicillin” and was excited about using it to fight infections in humans. Sadly, Fleming did not have the money or equipment to develop his research further. It was only in the 1940s that scientists in the United States were able to produce penicillin in large quantities. Other antibiotics were also developed during this period. Since then, antibiotics have been widely used to treat infections. However, in recent years, some people have become infected by bacteria that are able to survive antibiotic treatments. Because of these “superbugs”, it has become clear that we cannot rely completely on antibiotics in the future. Scientists are therefore working hard to find new ways to fight infections. 翻译 许多人认为青霉素的发现是世界历史上的一个重要转折点。在青霉素出现之前,一个小小的伤口或昆虫叮咬都可能导致严重感染甚至死亡。同样,细菌引起的疾病很可能在几周甚至几天内夺去患者的生命。医生们竭尽全力,但治疗常常失败,许多病人死亡。 很难相信,这一改变世界的发现竟然是偶然发生的! 1928年,伦敦一位名叫亚历山大 弗莱明的科学家度假回来,发现实验室一片狼藉。他注意到一些随意放置的实验室培养皿中长了霉菌。在整理过程中,他注意到一件不寻常的事:霉菌周围的区域没有细菌。弗莱明发现霉菌中的某种物质能杀死细菌。他将其命名为“青霉素”,并兴奋地希望用它来治疗人类感染。遗憾的是,弗莱明没有足够的资金和设备来进一步开展研究。 直到20世纪40年代,美国科学家才得以大量生产青霉素。在此期间,其他抗生素也被开发出来。从那以后,抗生素被广泛用于治疗感染。然而,近年来,一些人感染了能够抵抗抗生素治疗的细菌。由于这些“超级细菌”,人们已经清楚未来不能完全依赖抗生素。因此,科学家们正努力寻找对抗感染的新方法。 Unit 2: Great ideas Reading: Archimedes and the golden crown 原文(第20-21页) One day in the ancient Greek city of Syracuse, King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a fancy golden crown. At first, he was very satisfied with it. “It’s a nice crown, isn’t it?” he asked his son, the prince. Later, however, he began to doubt whether it was a real golden crown. “Is it made completely of gold?” he wondered. He sent it to Archimedes and asked him to find out the truth. “This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?” thought Archimedes. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. When he got into the bath, some water ran over. “Eureka! That’s it!” shouted Archimedes. “I know how to solve the king’s problem!” Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king. First, he weighed the crown and asked the king for some gold of the same weight. Next, he put two pots into two big bowls and filled both pots with water. He put the gold into one pot, and some water ran into the bowl. Then he put the crown into the other pot. This time, even more water ran into the bowl. “Look at this,” said Archimedes to King Hiero. “A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. This crown displaced more water than gold of the same weight, so I know it’s definitely not completely made of gold.” “The crown maker fooled me, didn’t he? What a bad man he is!” shouted King Hiero. He then sent the crown maker to prison, and he praised Archimedes for his clever discovery. 翻译 一天,在古希腊城市叙拉古,希罗王让一个王冠工匠为他制作一顶精美的金王冠。起初,他对王冠非常满意。“这是一顶漂亮的王冠,不是吗?”他问自己的儿子——王子。然而,后来他开始怀疑这顶王冠是否真的是纯金的。“它完全是用金子做的吗?”他疑惑道。他把王冠送给阿基米德,让他查明真相。 “这个问题似乎很难解决。我该怎么办?”阿基米德想。 阿基米德往浴缸里放水时仍在思考这个问题。当他踏进浴缸时,一些水溢了出来。“尤里卡!有了!”阿基米德喊道。“我知道怎么解决国王的问题了!” 阿基米德径直前往王宫见国王。首先,他称了王冠的重量,并向国王要了同等重量的纯金。接着,他把两个罐子放进两个大碗里,往罐子里装满水。他把纯金放入其中一个罐子,一些水溢进了碗里。然后他把王冠放入另一个罐子。这一次,溢进碗里的水更多了。 “请看,”阿基米德对希罗王说。“纯金王冠比掺杂了其他金属的王冠排开的水要少。这顶王冠比同等重量的纯金排开的水更多,所以我知道它肯定不是纯金的。” “那个工匠骗了我,对不对?他真是个坏人!”希罗王大喊道。于是他把工匠关进监狱,并称赞阿基米德的聪明发现。 Focusing on culture: Laozi and Daodejing 原文(第29-30页) Laozi was a scholar and wise man who lived in the late Spring and Autumn period. It is believed that he wrote Daodejing. It is one of the most important works in Chinese history and it has influenced ideas in China and the world for more than 2,000 years. Daodejing is a guide on how to think and act. The central idea in Daodejing is Dao, commonly translated as “Way”, and the title Daodejing is understood as “Way of nature as a whole”. To achieve what is good, men should respect the laws of nature. The idea is that we, as humans, should live a simple, peaceful and balanced life, respecting our place in nature. It is not surprising, therefore, that many of Laozi’s famous sayings use nature to get the message across: “The highest good is like water. Water gives life to the ten thousand things and does not strive. It flows in places men reject and so is like the Dao.” This saying reflects Laozi’s idea that Dao or “Way” is everywhere (like water). We should not try to control things; we should accept what we have and thus allow ourselves to go with the way of nature—that is, to achieve the highest good. Daodejing has had a lasting impact on culture in China and beyond. Its ideas about living in harmony with nature have inspired people all over the world, and the book has also influenced philosophy, art and literature. Although Daodejing was written over 2,000 years ago, it is still widely read today because its ideas continue to have meaning in our modern lives. 翻译 老子是一位生活在春秋末期的学者和智者。人们认为他撰写了《道德经》。《道德经》是中国历史上最重要的著作之一,两千多年来影响了中国乃至世界的思想。 《道德经》是一本关于如何思考和行动的指南。它的核心思想是“道”,通常被翻译为“道路”或“方式”,书名《道德经》被理解为“自然整体的道”。要做到善,人应当尊重自然规律。其理念是:作为人类,我们应当过简单、和平、平衡的生活,尊重我们在自然中的位置。 因此,老子许多著名的格言都借助自然来传达信息,这并不奇怪:“上善若水。水善利万物而不争,处众人之所恶,故几于道。”这句话反映了老子的思想:“道”无处不在(如水一般)。我们不应试图控制一切,而应接受我们拥有的一切,从而顺应自然之道——也就是实现至善。 《道德经》对中国乃至其他地区的文化产生了持久的影响。它关于与自然和谐相处的思想启发了全世界的人们,这本书还影响了哲学、艺术和文学。尽管《道德经》写于两千多年前,但今天仍被广泛阅读,因为它的思想在我们现代生活中依然具有意义。 Cross‑curricular connection: Thinking outside the box 原文(第31页) The phrase “thinking outside the box” means thinking freely and creatively, without any limits. Let’s look at some ways to do it! (1) Do some brainstorming One good way to find creative solutions is to think of as many ideas as possible, even if they sound completely crazy. It doesn’t matter if the ideas are good or not — even bad ideas can help us look at a problem in a different way. When we think of new ideas in a group, every new idea may help us come up with more ideas. However, if we keep saying “That will never work!” when someone has an idea, the discussion will never move forward. (2) Take a break, but keep a pen and paper handy If you get stuck, doing something else for a while can help. For example, going for a walk may help you clear your mind and look at things in a new way. Some people have great ideas when they’re doing the dishes or taking a shower. It’s not surprising that Archimedes had his “eureka moment” in the bath! (3) Focus on one thing at a time It is hard to be creative if you try to do everything at once. For example, if you set a broad and unclear goal like “write a great essay”, you will get stressed because you won’t know what to do next. Instead, it’s better to start with a small and focused goal, such as “choose key points for my essay”. Specific goals make it easier for you to think creatively and also help you reach your final destination, one step at a time. 翻译 “跳出框框思考”这个短语的意思是自由、有创造性地思考,不受任何限制。我们来看几种实现它的方法! (1)进行头脑风暴 找到创造性解决方案的一个好方法是尽可能多地想出点子,即使它们听起来完全疯狂。点子好不好并不重要——即使是坏点子也能帮助我们以不同的方式看待问题。当我们在小组中思考新想法时,每个新想法都可能帮助我们产生更多的想法。然而,如果每当有人提出想法时,我们总是说“那绝对行不通!”,讨论就永远无法推进。 (2)休息一下,但手边放好纸笔 如果你卡住了,暂时做点别的事情会有帮助。例如,散步可以帮助你理清思路,以新的方式看待事物。有些人在洗碗或淋浴时会产生好点子。阿基米德在浴缸里产生“尤里卡时刻”也就不足为奇了! (3)一次只做一件事 如果你试图同时做所有事情,就很难有创造力。例如,如果你设定一个宽泛模糊的目标,如“写一篇好文章”,你会感到压力很大,因为不知道下一步该做什么。相反,最好从一个小的、聚焦的目标开始,比如“为我的文章选择关键点”。具体的目标能让你更容易创造性地思考,也帮助你一步一步地达到最终目标。 Unit 3: Family traditions (单元标题为 “Why are family traditions important?”) Reading: Catch of a lifetime 原文(第35-37页) When Jim was 11 years old, he often went fishing with his father on an island in the middle of a New Hampshire lake. On the day before the bass season opened, he and his father were fishing early in the evening. Suddenly, Jim’s fishing rod doubled over and he felt something huge on the other end. His father watched with admiration as the boy skilfully pulled a fish from the water. The fish was indeed very large, but it was a bass. Jim and his father looked at the handsome fish in the moonlight. The father lit a match and looked at his watch. It was 10:00 p.m. — two hours before the season opened. He looked at the fish, then at the boy. “You’ll have to put it back, son,” he said. “Dad!” cried the boy. “There will be other fish,” said his father. “Not as big as this one,” cried the boy. Jim looked around the lake. No other fishermen or boats were anywhere around. He looked again at his father. No one had seen them. It was a shame to let go of the fish, but Jim understood what he had to do. He slowly removed the hook from the mouth of the huge fish and lowered it into the black water. The creature shook its powerful body and disappeared. That was 34 years ago. Jim has never again caught such an amazing fish. But he does see that same fish every time he comes up against a question of ethics. For, as his father taught him, ethics are simple matters of right and wrong. It is only the practice of ethics that is difficult. Do we do right when no one is looking? We would if we were taught to “put the fish back” when we were young. The decision to do right lives fresh in our memory. It is a story we will proudly tell our grandchildren. It is not about how we had a chance to cheat and took it, but about how we did the right thing and were forever strengthened. 翻译 吉姆11岁时,常常和父亲去新罕布什尔州湖心岛钓鱼。在鲈鱼季节开放的前一天傍晚,他们早早地去钓鱼。 突然,吉姆的鱼竿弯成了两半,他感觉到另一端有个巨大的东西。父亲钦佩地看着儿子熟练地把鱼拉出水面。那条鱼确实非常大,但是一条鲈鱼。 吉姆和父亲在月光下看着这条漂亮的鱼。父亲划了一根火柴,看了看手表。晚上10点——距离鲈鱼季节开放还有两个小时。他看了看鱼,又看了看男孩。“你得把它放回去,儿子,”他说。“爸爸!”男孩喊道。“还会有别的鱼,”父亲说。“可没有这么大的了,”男孩喊道。 吉姆环顾湖面,周围没有其他渔夫或船只。他又看了看父亲。没有人看见他们。放了这条鱼很可惜,但吉姆明白自己该怎么做。他慢慢地把鱼钩从大鱼嘴里取下来,把它放回黑色的水中。那条鱼甩了甩强壮的身体,消失了。 那是34年前的事了。吉姆再也没有钓到过那么好的鱼。但每当他遇到道德问题时,他都会“看见”那条鱼。因为正如父亲教他的,道德无非就是是非对错的问题,难的是践行道德。当没有人看见的时候,我们还会做正确的事吗? 如果我们从小被教导要“把鱼放回去”,我们就会这样做。选择做正确的事会鲜活地留在记忆中。这是一个我们会自豪地讲给孙辈听的故事。它不是关于我们如何有机会作弊并抓住了它,而是关于我们如何做了正确的事并因此变得更加坚强。 Focusing on culture: Father’s love (poem) 原文(第45-46页) Fathers seldom say “I love you” Though the feeling is always there. But somehow those three little words Are the hardest ones to share. And fathers say “I love you” In ways that words can’t match — With tender bedtime stories Or a friendly game of catch! You can see the words “I love you” In a father’s boyish eyes When he runs home, all excited, With a poorly wrapped surprise. A father says “I love you” With his strong helping hands, With a smile when you’re in trouble, With the way he understands. He says “I love you” haltingly With awkward tenderness (It’s hard to help a four‑year‑old into a party dress!) He speaks his love unselfishly By giving all he can To make some secret dream come true, Or follow through a plan. A father’s seldom‑spoken love Sounds clearly through the years — Sometimes in peals of laughter, Sometimes through silent tears. Because the love that fathers feel Is too big for words alone. 翻译 父亲的爱(作者不详) 父亲很少说“我爱你”, 尽管这份感觉一直都在。 但不知怎的,那三个字 最难说出口。 父亲说“我爱你” 用的是言语无法比拟的方式—— 温柔的睡前故事, 或是一场友好的接球游戏! 你可以在父亲孩子气的眼神中 看到“我爱你”三个字, 当他兴奋地跑回家, 带着一件包装简陋的惊喜。 父亲说“我爱你” 用他强有力的援手, 用你遇到麻烦时的微笑, 用他那理解的方式。 他断断续续地说“我爱你”, 带着笨拙的温柔 (帮一个四岁小女孩穿上派对礼服可真不容易!) 他无私地表达爱, 付出他能付出的一切, 让某个秘密梦想成真, 或坚持完成一个计划。 父亲那很少说出口的爱, 在岁月中清晰地回响—— 有时在阵阵笑声中, 有时在无声的泪水中。 因为父亲感受到的爱, 太宏大,无法仅用言语表达。 Cross‑curricular connection: How to communicate with your parents 原文(第47页) Many young people have trouble communicating with their parents. Here are some useful tips for solving this problem. First, make a list of the things you and your parents disagree about most. For each thing on the list, try to find an answer that is acceptable to you and your parents. It is not a good idea to expect everything to go your way. You need to be ready to change a little yourself if you want them to change. Second, talk to your parents when it is convenient for them. Remember that your parents may have to work long hours. This can make them tired, so be patient with them. Third, listen to what your parents have to say. How can you expect them to listen to you if you do not listen to them? Remember that your parents were young once like you, so they will understand your situation better than you think. Finally, if you do not get a satisfactory result, try not to get too angry. Talk to your parents and find out why they disagree with you. Part of growing up is learning to live with these kinds of disagreements, and learning to understand another person’s way of looking at things. With a little hard work, you can learn to communicate better with your parents. 翻译 许多年轻人在与父母沟通方面有困难。以下是一些解决这个问题的实用建议。 首先,列出你和父母分歧最大的事情。对于清单上的每一件事,试着找到一个对你和父母都可接受的答案。期望一切都按你的方式进行是不明智的。如果你希望他们改变,你自己也需要准备做出一点改变。 第二,在父母方便的时候与他们交谈。记住,父母可能长时间工作,这会让他们很累,所以对他们要有耐心。 第三,倾听父母的话。如果你不听他们的,又怎么能期望他们听你的呢?记住,父母也曾像你一样年轻,所以他们会比你想象的更理解你的处境。 最后,如果没有得到满意的结果,尽量不要生气。跟父母谈谈,弄清楚他们为什么不同意你。成长的一部分就是学会接受这些分歧,并学会理解别人的看问题方式。 稍加努力,你就能学会更好地与父母沟通。 Unit 4: A better me Reading: Teen to Teen advice (posts from teenagers) 原文(第52-53页) Some social media sites have advice columns. People can share their problems and ask for advice. The posts below were written by five different teenagers. Miss Unhappy: I’m in charge of collecting the homework in my class. Recently, one of my friends has started forgetting her homework. When I asked her about it, she begged me not to tell the teacher. I didn’t know what to do at first, and I didn’t want to get my friend into trouble. After giving it a lot of thought, I finally decided to tell the teacher. Now she doesn’t talk to me any more, and I feel awful whenever I see her. Did I do the wrong thing? What should I do now? Skateboard P: I love cooking. Our school’s Food Festival starts next week, and I wanted to make some nice snacks for my classmates, but Mum told me, “School is more important! You should focus on your homework.” I also like to go skateboarding after school. However, Mum is angry with me because I don’t come home immediately after school. I feel really sad about this. How can I prove to her that having hobbies won’t affect my schoolwork? Braces567: I’ve just started wearing braces, but I hate them. I don’t see why I have to wear them. I feel really embarrassed when I smile or open my mouth. The braces hurt my teeth, and it’s difficult for me to eat. Why does my mother make me wear these ugly braces? Troubled_55: I have to share a room with my seven‑year‑old sister, and she’s driving me mad! She has a habit of playing the piano when I’m studying, and she always takes my things without telling me. I try to keep our room tidy, but she always messes it up. I love my sister, but sometimes she’s such a pain! What should I do? Dinosaur_boy: My parents and I have moved to a new house. I’ve already visited the town, but I haven’t started my new school yet. I’ve been so nervous about it because I’m quite shy. What if I don’t get on with my new classmates? What if there is no one that I hit it off with? I need some advice. 翻译 一些社交媒体网站设有问答专栏。人们可以分享自己的问题并寻求建议。以下是五个青少年写的帖子。 不开心小姐:我负责收班上的作业。最近,一个朋友开始忘记交作业。我问她时,她求我不要告诉老师。起初我不知道该怎么办,也不想让朋友惹上麻烦。仔细考虑后,我最终决定告诉老师。现在她再也不跟我说话了,每次见到她我都很难受。我做错了吗?我现在该怎么办? 滑板P:我喜欢烹饪。我们学校的美食节下周开始,我想给同学们做些好吃的点心,但妈妈告诉我:“学习更重要!你应该专注于作业。”我也喜欢放学后玩滑板。但是妈妈因为我放学不立即回家而生气。我对此非常难过。我怎样才能向她证明有爱好不会影响我的学习? 牙套567:我刚戴上牙套,但我讨厌它们。我不明白为什么非得戴。笑或张嘴时我觉得很尴尬。牙套弄得我牙痛,吃东西也很困难。妈妈为什么非要让我戴这些丑陋的牙套? 困扰55:我不得不和七岁的妹妹合住一个房间,她快把我逼疯了!她养成了在我学习时弹钢琴的习惯,还总是不说一声就拿我的东西。我尽力保持房间整洁,但她总是弄乱。我爱妹妹,但有时她真是个麻烦!我该怎么办? 恐龙男孩:我和父母搬到了新家。我已经去过小镇,但还没有开始上新学校。我非常紧张,因为我很害羞。如果我和新同学合不来怎么办?如果没有遇到合得来的人怎么办?我需要一些建议。 Focusing on culture: What is an agony aunt? 原文(第61-62页) One very popular section in many newspapers and magazines is the “agony aunt” column. The reason for the strange name is simple: agony aunts answer difficult questions from readers. For example, the readers may ask, “I’m not getting on well with my classmates — what should I do?” or “My daughter isn’t doing well in school, and I’m worried about her future — how should I talk to her?” The first agony aunt column appeared in 1691 in a magazine called the Athenian Gazette. The magazine quickly became very popular, especially among women. The editors received hundreds of letters with all kinds of questions. Other magazines and newspapers soon started their own advice columns too. In China, there is a famous agony aunt column called Zhixin Jiejie (“Sister Understanding”). The column began in the 1960s in Chinese Teenagers News and has helped several generations of teenagers deal with problems. Every week, Zhixin Jiejie receives lots of letters from children, and the team behind it do their best to provide helpful advice. Today, Zhixin Jiejie is more than just an advice column: it now operates a helpline for children, and the column has turned into a magazine. Nowadays, it can also be found on social media, and its online articles have hundreds of thousands of readers every week. Today, good advice is just a click away! The column’s most famous “sister” is Lu Qin. She has been working in the Zhixin Jiejie team since the 1980s. She recognizes that children face new problems in today’s world, such as pressure from study and addiction to computer games, so she does her best to help them deal with these challenges. She thinks it is important for teenagers to learn how to communicate with others and solve problems. Through her advice column, she teaches young people about responsibility, kindness and love. She also answers questions from parents. 翻译 许多报纸和杂志中非常受欢迎的一个栏目就是“知心阿姨”专栏。这个奇怪名字的原因很简单:知心阿姨回答读者提出的难题。例如,读者可能会问:“我和同学相处不好——我该怎么办?”或者“我女儿在学校表现不好,我担心她的未来——我该怎么跟她谈?” 第一个知心阿姨专栏于1691年出现在一本名为《雅典公报》的杂志上。该杂志很快变得非常受欢迎,尤其是在女性中。编辑们收到了成百上千封带有各种问题的信件。其他杂志和报纸也很快开始了自己的问答专栏。 在中国,有一个著名的知心阿姨专栏叫“知心姐姐”。该专栏始于20世纪60年代的《中国少年报》,帮助了几代青少年处理问题。每周,“知心姐姐”都会收到大量孩子的来信,团队尽最大努力提供有用的建议。如今,“知心姐姐”不仅仅是一个问答专栏:它还运营着一条儿童帮助热线,专栏本身也变成了一本杂志。现在,它也可以在社交媒体上找到,其在线文章每周有数十万读者。如今,好的建议只需轻轻一点! 该专栏最著名的“姐姐”是卢勤。她从20世纪80年代起就在“知心姐姐”团队工作。她意识到当今的孩子面临新的问题,如学习压力和电脑游戏成瘾,因此她尽最大努力帮助他们应对这些挑战。她认为青少年学会与他人沟通和解决问题非常重要。通过她的问答专栏,她教会年轻人责任、善良和爱。她也回答父母们的问题。 Cross‑curricular connection: Teen mood swings 原文(第63页) Mood swings — rapid mood change — are common and normal for teenagers. Teenagers experience mood swings for a number of reasons. During teenage years, the parts of the brain mature at different rates. The part of the brain that is responsible for emotions and feelings develops early, while the part of the brain that regulates the control of emotions develops later. As a result, teenagers tend to experience extreme emotions and are generally less able to manage their emotions. This causes mood swings. In addition, teenagers face a lot of pressure. Study stress, peer pressure, high expectations from teachers and parents, and worries about the future — all these things play a role in their changing moods. Tips to cope with bad feelings: Take a deep breath and go out for a walk when you feel really bad. Regular exercise is a good way to deal with stress. Write about your feelings in a journal or talk to someone you trust. If bad feelings last for a long time, talk to your parents or your teacher. It’s perfectly normal to seek help. 翻译 情绪波动——情绪的快速变化——在青少年中很常见,也是正常的。青少年经历情绪波动有多种原因。 在青少年时期,大脑的不同部分以不同的速度成熟。负责情绪和感受的大脑区域发育得早,而调节情绪控制的大脑区域发育得晚。因此,青少年往往经历极端情绪,而且通常不太能够管理自己的情绪。这导致了情绪波动。 此外,青少年面临许多压力。学习压力、同龄人压力、老师和家长的高期望、对未来的担忧——所有这些都在他们变化的情绪中扮演了角色。 应对不良情绪的小贴士: 当你感觉非常糟糕时,深呼吸,出去散步。 规律运动是应对压力的好方法。 把你的感受写在日记里,或者与你信任的人谈谈。 如果不良情绪持续很长时间,和你的父母或老师谈谈。寻求帮助是完全正常的。 Unit 5: My time, my joy Reading: Surprises in the studio 原文(第68-69页) “Five minutes to go,” shouted the director. “Is everyone ready?” “I’m glad that I’m not one of the contestants!” Denise said. “I’m not that brave.” “Oh, I’d love to be a contestant,” said Angela. The three contestants were sitting at their desks on the stage and waiting. The hot lights were shining down upon them. Suddenly one of them passed out and fell across her desk. A cameraman helped the woman off the stage. The director hurried down from the control room above. “We need another contestant,” he shouted. “Who among you wants to be on the show?” Angela raised her hand. “You’re on!” the director shouted. He led her onto the stage, and a make‑up artist rushed forward. She quickly put make‑up on Angela’s face and brushed her hair. “Ten seconds,” shouted the director. “It’s time for Around the World, and here’s your host, Lester!” said a loud voice. Lester ran out onto the stage. The quiz show began. Although Angela was not prepared, she seemed relaxed and did really well. She answered the questions with no problems and was soon ahead of the other two contestants. Twenty‑five minutes later, Angela needed to answer six more questions correctly to beat the other contestants and to win the prize. Denise was so excited that she could hardly keep still. Though the questions were getting more and more difficult, Angela kept getting them right. Soon there was just a single question between Angela and victory. “And finally, which country covers five time zones, but has only one official time?” asked Lester. “China,” replied Angela. “Correct!” shouted Lester. “You’re tonight’s lucky winner. You’ve won the big prize — a trip for two to the lovely city of Paris!” 翻译 “还有五分钟,”导演喊道。“大家都准备好了吗?”“我真高兴我不是参赛者!”丹尼丝说。“我没那么勇敢。”“哦,我很想当参赛者,”安吉拉说。 三名参赛者坐在舞台上的书桌旁等待。炽热的灯光照在他们身上。突然,其中一位昏了过去,趴在桌上。一名摄像师扶她下了台。导演匆匆从楼上的控制室下来。“我们需要另一个参赛者,”他喊道。“你们谁想上节目?”安吉拉举起了手。“你上!”导演喊道。他领她上台,化妆师冲上前,迅速在安吉拉脸上化妆并梳理了她的头发。 “十秒,”导演喊道。“‘环游世界’节目时间到了,有请主持人莱斯特!”一个响亮的声音说。莱斯特跑上舞台。智力竞赛节目开始了。 虽然安吉拉没有准备,但她看起来很放松,表现得非常好。她毫无困难地回答了问题,很快就领先于其他两位选手。25分钟后,安吉拉需要再正确回答六个问题才能击败其他选手并赢得奖品。丹尼丝激动得几乎无法保持安静。尽管问题越来越难,安吉拉仍然答对了。很快,安吉拉离胜利只剩一个问题。 “最后,哪个国家覆盖五个时区,却只有一个官方时间?”莱斯特问。“中国,”安吉拉回答。“正确!”莱斯特喊道。“你是今晚的幸运赢家。你赢得了大奖——去美丽的巴黎双人游!” Focusing on culture: Teenage leisure activities 原文(第77-78页) Teenagers across the world enjoy different leisure activities. Let’s see what some students say about their favourite leisure activities. Chinese chess (Xiangqi) New games are invented all the time, but Liu Xiaowei, a Chinese junior high school student, is a big fan of Xiangqi — Chinese chess. She started playing this traditional Chinese board game when she was eight, and she has won many competitions. With the help of some classmates, Xiaowei started a Chinese chess club at school. They play Chinese chess after class every Tuesday and Thursday. Xiaowei thinks she will continue playing in the future: “Playing Chinese chess helps me calm down and think. It’s a great hobby!” Wakeboarding Wakeboarding is an unusual water sport. It looks like snowboarding on water! Josh is from Southampton, and he has just tried wakeboarding for the first time. He thinks it is very exciting, but also very challenging. “I was afraid when I first stepped onto the board. But when the boat started moving, I forgot my fears. I really enjoyed the speed!” Dodgeball The aim of this sport is very simple: don’t get hit by the ball! There are two teams in each game, and the players try to throw the ball at the members of the other team. Dodgeball is played by children around the world. There are various ways to play the game, and it is easy to learn the rules. Nina is a member of the Dodgeball Club in school, and she takes part in training every week. She said, “Dodgeball helps me keep fit and make friends, and it’s such a fun game!” 翻译 世界各地的青少年喜欢不同的休闲活动。让我们看看一些学生对他们最喜欢的休闲活动的看法。 中国象棋 新游戏层出不穷,但中国初中生刘晓薇是中国象棋的超级粉丝。她从八岁开始下这种传统的中国棋类游戏,并赢过许多比赛。在几位同学的帮助下,晓薇在学校创办了中国象棋社。他们每周二和周四放学后下棋。晓薇认为她将来会继续下棋:“下中国象棋帮助我冷静下来并思考。这是一个很棒的爱好!” 尾波滑水 尾波滑水是一项不寻常的水上运动。它看起来就像在水上滑雪!乔希来自南安普顿,他刚刚第一次尝试尾波滑水。他认为这非常刺激,但也很有挑战性。“第一次踏上滑板时我很害怕。但当船开始移动时,我忘记了恐惧。我真的很享受那种速度!” 躲避球 这项运动的目的很简单:不要被球击中!每场比赛有两支队伍,队员们试图将球扔向另一队的成员。全世界的孩子都玩躲避球。游戏有多种玩法,规则也很容易学会。尼娜是学校躲避球俱乐部的成员,她每周都参加训练。她说:“躲避球帮助我保持健康、结交朋友,而且它真的很有趣!” Cross‑curricular connection: Information technology — creating a video 原文(第79页,信息图文字) As people’s leisure activities continue to evolve, there is a growing interest in watching videos in our free time. Do you want to try and make your own video? Key steps in creating a video: 1. Plan your content — Decide on your topic, target audience and the message you want to convey. 2. Write a script — Outline what you will say and show. 3. Gather equipment — Use a smartphone, camera, or other recording device. 4. Shoot your video — Pay attention to lighting, sound and composition. 5. Edit your video — Use editing software to cut, add transitions, music and effects. 6. Share