摘要:
**基本信息**
以there be句型为核心,构建“概念-结构-规则-转换-辨析”递进式方法体系,通过分层训练实现语言能力与思维品质的协同提升。
**专项设计**
|模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑|
|----|-----------|----------|----------|
|语法精讲|7大规则+对比表格|就近原则/句型转换步骤/时态变化规则/there be与have辨析|从存在概念出发,经结构规则推导至时态拓展及易混点辨析|
|巩固训练|单选10+完成句10+翻译10|基础题聚焦结构应用,提升题综合时态/否定/反意疑问|以题载法,覆盖中考高频考点(就近原则/时态呼应/there be doing)|
内容正文:
Unit 6 Famous people in history单元语法讲与练
(
单元语法精讲
)
语法精讲——there be句型
(一)基本概念
there be 句型表示某处存在某人 / 某物或某时有某事,它强调客观存在的事实,而非拥有关系。该句型的基本结构为:There + be + 主语 + 地点/时间状语。其中,“There”为引导词,无实际意义;“be”动词的形式需随主语的人称和数以及时态的变化而变化;真正的主语位于be动词之后。
(二)核心结构与用法
句型结构
适用情况
例句
There is + 单数可数名词 / 不可数名词 + 地点 / 时间状语
主语为单数可数名词或不可数名词
There is a book on the desk.(桌子上有一本书。)
There are + 复数可数名词 + 地点 / 时间状语
主语为复数可数名词
There are some flowers in the garden.(花园里有一些花。)
(三)关键规则:就近原则
there be 句型中,be 动词的单复数由离它最近的名词决定。
· There is a pen and two pencils in the pencil-box.(离 be 最近:a pen,单数→用 is)
· There are two pencils and a pen in the pencil-box.(离 be 最近:two pencils,复数→用 are)
(四)句型转换
1. 否定句:be + not + 主语(some 变 any) There are some books. → There aren’t any books.
2. 一般疑问句:Be + there + 主语(some 变 any) There is a cat. → Is there a cat? 回答:Yes, there is/are./ No, there isn’t/aren’t.
3. 特殊疑问句
· 对数量提问:How many + 复数名词 + are there + 地点? How many students are there in your class?
· 对主语提问:What’s + 地点?(无论单复数统一用 What’s) What’s on the desk?
· 对地点提问:Where + be + 主语? Where is the book?
· 同义句转换:There be + doing/done
· There be + sb./sth. + doing sth.:表示某人/某物正在做某事(主动关系)。
· 例: There is a boy playing football on the playground.
· There be + sb./sth. + done:表示某人/某物被...(被动关系)。
· 例: There is a letter written by Tom.
· “There be” 与 “Have” 的语境转换
在描述整体包含部分时,有时可转换,但需注意主语变化:
· 原句: There are fifty students in our class.
· 转换: Our class has fifty students.
(五)时态变化
1. 一般现在时:There is/are…(现在有)
2. 一般过去时:There was/were…(过去有)
3. 一般将来时:There will be… / There is/are going to be…(将会有)
(六)易混辨析:there be vs have/has
比较项目
There be 句型
Have/Has
含义侧重
表示“客观存在”,即“某地有某物”
表示“所属关系”,即“某人/某物拥有...”
主语位置
主语在be动词之后
主语在人称代词或名词之前
能否互换
通常不能互换,除非表示整体与部分的关系
同左
典型例句
There is a tree in front of the house.
(房子前有一棵树——客观描述位置)
The house has a garden.
(这房子有个花园——房子拥有花园)
句型
核心含义
主语特点
例句
there be
存在:某地 / 某时有某物 / 人
主语是物,无生命
There is a tree in front of the house.
have/has
所属:某人拥有某物
主语是人(或拟人)
I have a new bike.
(七)核心易错点
1. ❌ There have a book. → ✅ There is a book.
2. ❌ There is some apples. → ✅ There are some apples.
3. ❌ Is there any milk? — Yes, there are. → ✅ Yes, there is.
There be 的拓展形式
除了基本的 be 动词,还可以使用表示“存在、站立、躺、生活”等意义的动词,使表达更生动:
· There live(s)... (住着...)
· There stand(s)... (站着/矗立着...)
· There lie(s)... (躺着/位于...)
· There remain(s)... (剩下...)
· There seem(s) to be... (似乎有...)
例: There stands a tall tower on the hill.(山上矗立着一座高塔。)
【单元核心语法小结】
语法项目
核心要点
注意事项
基本结构
There + be + 主语 + 状语
be动词随主语和时态变化
就近原则
Be动词形式由最近的主语决定
There is a teacher and two students...
时态呼应
根据时间状语判断时态
yesterday→was/were; tomorrow→will be
There be vs Have
存在 vs 拥有
禁止混用为 "There have"
非谓语动词
There be + sb. + doing/done
注意主动与被动的区别
(
语法巩固训练
)
Part 1 【基础训练】
一、单项选择 (共10小题)
1.Look! There ________ some apples on the tree.
A.is B.are C.be D.were
2.There ________ a basketball match between Class One and Class Two next Friday.
A.is going to have B.will have C.is going to be D.will has
3.—________ there any juice in the bottle? —No, there ________.
A. Is; isn't B. Are; aren't C. Do; don't D. Does; doesn't
4.There ________ a pen and two rulers on the desk.
A.is B.are C.be D.am
5.There used to ________ a small river in front of my house.
A.have B.has C.be D.is
6.________ no one in the classroom just now.
A.There was B.There were C.There is D.There are
7.There is a bird ________ in the tree.
A.sing B.sings C.singing D.to sing
8.—How many students ________ there in your class? —There ________ forty.
A.are; are B.is; is C.are; is D.is; are
9.There ________ little water in the glass, is there?
A.is B.are C.was D.were
10.If there ________ less pollution, the world ________ more beautiful.
A.is; will be B.will be; is C.is; is D.will be; will be
二、完成句子 (共10题)
1.桌子上有一些书。(汉译英) ________ ________ some books on the table.
2.明天将有一场大雨。(汉译英) ________ ________ ________ ________ heavy rain tomorrow.
3.房间里没有人。(汉译英) There ________ ________ in the room.
4.刚才操场上有两个男孩在踢足球。(汉译英) There ________ two boys ________ football on the playground just now.
5.盒子里什么都没有。(汉译英) There ________ ________ in the box.
6.那座山脚下有一个村庄。(汉译英) ________ ________ a village at the foot of the mountain.
7.你书包里有钥匙吗?(汉译英) ________ ________ any keys in your schoolbag?
8.过去这里有一家工厂。(汉译英) There ________ ________ be a factory here.
9.似乎有很多人在排队。(汉译英) There ________ ________ ________ many people waiting in line.
10.我不认为教室里会有老师。(汉译英) I don't think there ________ ________ a teacher in the classroom.
Part 2 【提升训练】
句子翻译 (共10题)
1.桌子底下有一只猫和两只狗。(运用就近原则) ___________________________________________________________.
2.昨天图书馆里有许多学生。(一般过去时) ___________________________________________________________.
3.将来世界上不会有战争。(一般将来时否定) ___________________________________________________________.
4.瓶子里几乎没有牛奶了,对吗?(反意疑问句) ___________________________________________________________.
5.似乎有人在那边等你。(There seems to be...) ___________________________________________________________.
6.我们镇上有三家超市。(There be...) ___________________________________________________________.
7.别担心,路上不会有车。(There won't be...) ___________________________________________________________.
8.过去河边有一棵老树。(There used to be...) ___________________________________________________________.
9.教室里有个男孩正在读书。(There be + doing) ___________________________________________________________.
10.你的新学校里有多少间教室?(How many...) ___________________________________________________________.
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
Unit 6 Famous people in history单元语法讲与练
(
单元语法精讲
)
语法精讲——there be句型
(一)基本概念
there be 句型表示某处存在某人 / 某物或某时有某事,它强调客观存在的事实,而非拥有关系。该句型的基本结构为:There + be + 主语 + 地点/时间状语。其中,“There”为引导词,无实际意义;“be”动词的形式需随主语的人称和数以及时态的变化而变化;真正的主语位于be动词之后。
(二)核心结构与用法
句型结构
适用情况
例句
There is + 单数可数名词 / 不可数名词 + 地点 / 时间状语
主语为单数可数名词或不可数名词
There is a book on the desk.(桌子上有一本书。)
There are + 复数可数名词 + 地点 / 时间状语
主语为复数可数名词
There are some flowers in the garden.(花园里有一些花。)
(三)关键规则:就近原则
there be 句型中,be 动词的单复数由离它最近的名词决定。
· There is a pen and two pencils in the pencil-box.(离 be 最近:a pen,单数→用 is)
· There are two pencils and a pen in the pencil-box.(离 be 最近:two pencils,复数→用 are)
(四)句型转换
1. 否定句:be + not + 主语(some 变 any) There are some books. → There aren’t any books.
2. 一般疑问句:Be + there + 主语(some 变 any) There is a cat. → Is there a cat? 回答:Yes, there is/are./ No, there isn’t/aren’t.
3. 特殊疑问句
· 对数量提问:How many + 复数名词 + are there + 地点? How many students are there in your class?
· 对主语提问:What’s + 地点?(无论单复数统一用 What’s) What’s on the desk?
· 对地点提问:Where + be + 主语? Where is the book?
· 同义句转换:There be + doing/done
· There be + sb./sth. + doing sth.:表示某人/某物正在做某事(主动关系)。
· 例: There is a boy playing football on the playground.
· There be + sb./sth. + done:表示某人/某物被...(被动关系)。
· 例: There is a letter written by Tom.
· “There be” 与 “Have” 的语境转换
在描述整体包含部分时,有时可转换,但需注意主语变化:
· 原句: There are fifty students in our class.
· 转换: Our class has fifty students.
(五)时态变化
1. 一般现在时:There is/are…(现在有)
2. 一般过去时:There was/were…(过去有)
3. 一般将来时:There will be… / There is/are going to be…(将会有)
(六)易混辨析:there be vs have/has
比较项目
There be 句型
Have/Has
含义侧重
表示“客观存在”,即“某地有某物”
表示“所属关系”,即“某人/某物拥有...”
主语位置
主语在be动词之后
主语在人称代词或名词之前
能否互换
通常不能互换,除非表示整体与部分的关系
同左
典型例句
There is a tree in front of the house.
(房子前有一棵树——客观描述位置)
The house has a garden.
(这房子有个花园——房子拥有花园)
句型
核心含义
主语特点
例句
there be
存在:某地 / 某时有某物 / 人
主语是物,无生命
There is a tree in front of the house.
have/has
所属:某人拥有某物
主语是人(或拟人)
I have a new bike.
(七)核心易错点
1. ❌ There have a book. → ✅ There is a book.
2. ❌ There is some apples. → ✅ There are some apples.
3. ❌ Is there any milk? — Yes, there are. → ✅ Yes, there is.
There be 的拓展形式
除了基本的 be 动词,还可以使用表示“存在、站立、躺、生活”等意义的动词,使表达更生动:
· There live(s)... (住着...)
· There stand(s)... (站着/矗立着...)
· There lie(s)... (躺着/位于...)
· There remain(s)... (剩下...)
· There seem(s) to be... (似乎有...)
例: There stands a tall tower on the hill.(山上矗立着一座高塔。)
【单元核心语法小结】
语法项目
核心要点
注意事项
基本结构
There + be + 主语 + 状语
be动词随主语和时态变化
就近原则
Be动词形式由最近的主语决定
There is a teacher and two students...
时态呼应
根据时间状语判断时态
yesterday→was/were; tomorrow→will be
There be vs Have
存在 vs 拥有
禁止混用为 "There have"
非谓语动词
There be + sb. + doing/done
注意主动与被动的区别
(
语法巩固训练
)
Part 1 【基础训练】
一、单项选择 (共10小题)
1.Look! There ________ some apples on the tree.
A.is B.are C.be D.were
【答案】B
【详解】句意:看!树上有一些苹果。 考查there be句型的时态和主谓一致。根据“Look!”可知,句子应用一般现在时,排除D;主语“some apples”是复数,be动词应用are。故选B。
2.There ________ a basketball match between Class One and Class Two next Friday.
A.is going to have B.will have C.is going to be D.will has
【答案】C
【详解】句意:下周五一班和二班之间将有一场篮球赛。 考查there be句型的一般将来时。根据“next Friday”可知,句子应用一般将来时。There be句型的一般将来时结构为“There will be”或“There is/are going to be”。A、B、D项均混淆了there be与have的用法,只有C项结构正确。故选C。
3.—________ there any juice in the bottle? —No, there ________.
A. Is; isn't B. Are; aren't C. Do; don't D. Does; doesn't
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——瓶子里有果汁吗?——不,没有。 考查there be句型的一般疑问句。juice是不可数名词,be动词应用is;否定回答用isn't。故选A。
4.There ________ a pen and two rulers on the desk.
A.is B.are C.be D.am
【答案】A
【详解】句意:桌子上有一支钢笔和两把尺子。 考查there be句型的就近原则。虽然主语总和是复数,但离be动词最近的主语是“a pen”(单数),故be动词用is。故选A。
5.There used to ________ a small river in front of my house.
A.have B.has C.be D.is
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我家门前过去有一条小河。 考查used to的用法。used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事”或“过去存在某种状态”。There be句型的used to形式为“There used to be”。故选C。
6.________ no one in the classroom just now.
A.There was B.There were C.There is D.There are
【答案】A
【详解】句意:刚才教室里没有人。 考查there be句型的时态。根据“just now”(刚才)可知,句子应用一般过去时;主语“no one”视为单数,故be动词用was。故选A。
7.There is a bird ________ in the tree.
A.sing B.sings C.singing D.to sing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:树上有一只鸟在唱歌。 考查there be句型后的非谓语动词。bird与sing之间是主动关系,且表示正在进行的动作,故用现在分词singing作后置定语。故选C。
8.—How many students ________ there in your class? —There ________ forty.
A.are; are B.is; is C.are; is D.is; are
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你们班有多少学生?——有四十个。 考查there be句型的主谓一致。students是复数,问句用are;答句中主语forty (students)也是复数,用are。故选A。
9.There ________ little water in the glass, is there?
A.is B.are C.was D.were
【答案】A
【详解】句意:杯子里几乎没有水了,是吗? 考查反意疑问句及主谓一致。water是不可数名词,be动词用is;little表示否定含义,故反问部分用肯定is there。陈述部分用is。故选A。
10.If there ________ less pollution, the world ________ more beautiful.
A.is; will be B.will be; is C.is; is D.will be; will be
【答案】A
【详解】句意:如果污染更少,世界将会更美丽。 考查if引导的条件状语从句“主将从现”原则。if从句用一般现在时(is),主句用一般将来时(will be)。故选A。
二、完成句子 (共10题)
1.桌子上有一些书。(汉译英) ________ ________ some books on the table.
【答案】There are
【详解】“有”用there be句型,books是复数,且为一般现在时,故填There are。
2.明天将有一场大雨。(汉译英) ________ ________ ________ ________ heavy rain tomorrow.
【答案】There is going to be / There will be
【详解】根据tomorrow可知用一般将来时。rain是不可数名词,可用There is going to be或There will be。
3.房间里没有人。(汉译英) There ________ ________ in the room.
【答案】is no one / isn't anyone
【详解】“没有人”可用no one(谓语用单数is)或not anyone(谓语用isn't)。
4.刚才操场上有两个男孩在踢足球。(汉译英) There ________ two boys ________ football on the playground just now.
【答案】were; playing
【详解】根据just now用一般过去时,boys是复数,故第一空填were;男孩与踢球是主动进行关系,故第二空填playing。
5.盒子里什么都没有。(汉译英) There ________ ________ in the box.
【答案】is nothing
【详解】“什么也没有”用nothing,作主语时谓语动词用单数is。
6.那座山脚下有一个村庄。(汉译英) ________ ________ a village at the foot of the mountain.
【答案】There is
【详解】一般现在时,village是单数,故填There is。
7.你书包里有钥匙吗?(汉译英) ________ ________ any keys in your schoolbag?
【答案】Are there
【详解】keys是复数,一般疑问句将are提前。
8.过去这里有一家工厂。(汉译英) There ________ ________ be a factory here.
【答案】used to
【详解】“过去有”用There used to be结构。
9.似乎有很多人在排队。(汉译英) There ________ ________ ________ many people waiting in line.
【答案】seems to be
【详解】“似乎有”用There seems to be结构,many people虽为复数,但seem to be结构中seem常随there后的逻辑主语或固定搭配,此处There seems to be为常用惯用语,或者视people为整体概念。
10.我不认为教室里会有老师。(汉译英) I don't think there ________ ________ a teacher in the classroom.
【答案】will be / is going to be
【详解】宾语从句中,根据语境“会有”,可用将来时will be。
Part 2 【提升训练】
句子翻译 (共10题)
1.桌子底下有一只猫和两只狗。(运用就近原则) ___________________________________________________________.
【答案】There is a cat and two dogs under the table.
【详解】考查there be句型的就近原则。离be动词最近的是a cat(单数),故用is。
2.昨天图书馆里有许多学生。(一般过去时) ___________________________________________________________.
【答案】There were many students in the library yesterday.
【详解】时间状语yesterday提示一般过去时,students为复数,故用were。
3.将来世界上不会有战争。(一般将来时否定) ___________________________________________________________.
【答案】There won't be any wars in the world in the future.
【详解】in the future提示一般将来时,否定形式won't be,war用复数wars,否定句用any。
4.瓶子里几乎没有牛奶了,对吗?(反意疑问句) ___________________________________________________________.
【答案】There is little milk in the bottle, is there?
【详解】little表示否定,milk不可数用is,反问用肯定is there。
5.似乎有人在那边等你。(There seems to be...) ___________________________________________________________.
【答案】There seems to be someone waiting for you over there.
【详解】考查There seems to be结构,someone作主语,wait用现在分词作后置定语。
6.我们镇上有三家超市。(There be...) ___________________________________________________________.
【答案】There are three supermarkets in our town.
【详解】一般现在时,supermarkets复数,用are。
7.别担心,路上不会有车。(There won't be...) ___________________________________________________________.
【答案】Don't worry. There won't be any cars on the road.
【详解】将来时否定,cars复数,用won't be any cars。
8.过去河边有一棵老树。(There used to be...) ___________________________________________________________.
【答案】There used to be an old tree by the river.
【详解】考查“过去有”的表达,用There used to be。
9.教室里有个男孩正在读书。(There be + doing) ___________________________________________________________.
【答案】There is a boy reading in the classroom.
【详解】考查there be + sb. + doing结构,表示主动进行。
10.你的新学校里有多少间教室?(How many...) ___________________________________________________________.
【答案】How many classrooms are there in your new school?
【详解】对数量提问用How many + 复数名词 + are there...?
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