Unit 6 Famous people in history 单元测试卷【B卷 ★ 对接新中考】-六年级英语下册单元整体优化精准练（新教材沪教版五四制）

**基本信息** 本试卷为初中英语Unit 6 Famous people in history单元测试卷（B卷），以历史名人生平为情境载体，对接新中考要求，融合语言能力与文化意识考查，适用于单元复习巩固。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法选择|10题10分|冠词、时态等语法点|以杨振宁事迹为语篇，情境真实，考查基础语法应用| |词汇运用|15题10分|动词、名词等词形转换|爱迪生、袁隆平事迹融入，考查词汇变形与语境匹配| |补全对话|5题10分|疑问句、感叹句等|冯子恺艺术经历对话，提升语言表达与交际能力| |阅读理解|22题50分|信息匹配、细节理解等|南丁格尔、霍金等名人素材，培养跨文化认知与思维品质| |写作|2题20分|翻译、短文写作|介绍历史名人，融合贡献与品质分析，提升综合语言运用与价值判断能力|

Unit 6 Famous people in history单元测试卷 【B卷 ◆ 对接新中考】 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） （第一部分 语法和词汇） I. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案，每题只有一个正确答案）（本大题共10题， 每题1分，共10分） We are deeply sad to hear that Yang Zhenning died on October 18, 2025, in Beijing at the age of 103. He is one of 1 greatest scientists in the world. Yang Zhenning was born in 1922. He showed great interest in science from his childhood and studied very hard. He 2 understand difficult math problems much better than others. In 1957, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics 3 his important discovery (发现). This made him the first Chinese scientist to receive this honor. Yet he lived a simple life and went on working hard. When doing research (研究), he almost forgot everything around him. After years abroad, he returned to China and 4 build a research center. He worked at Tsinghua University 5 2003. He loved his motherland 6 than any other place. He always told his students, “Keep 7 all your life.” He is a true hero to 8 . Among all the stories I know, his is 9 one. We will 10 remember his contributions (贡献) and love for China. 1．A．a B．/ C．the 2．A．can B．could C．must 3．A．with B．for C．against 4．A．help B．helped C．helps 5．A．until B．while C．if 6．A．much B．more C．most 7．A．learn B．to learn C．learning 8．A．we B．our C．us 9．A．the most inspiring B．more inspiring C．inspiring 10．A．always B．already C．almost 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文主要介绍物理学家杨振宁的生平事迹，包括出生、获奖、回国贡献及对祖国的热爱，表达了对他的深切怀念与敬仰。 【详解】1．句意：他是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。 “one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”为固定结构，意为“最……的……之一”。故选the。 2．句意：他比其他人更能理解困难的数学问题。 描述过去的能力，应用can的过去式could。 3．句意：1957年，他因其重要发现获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。 表示“因……而获得奖项”，介词用for。with“和……一起”；against“反对”，均不符。 4．句意：在国外多年后，他回到中国并帮助建立了一个研究中心。 根据“returned”可知，描述过去发生的事情，应用过去式helped。 5．句意：他在清华大学工作直到2003年。 表示“直到……为止”，应用until。while“当……时候”；if“如果”，均不符。 6．句意：他爱祖国胜过任何其他地方。 根据“than any other place”可知，应用比较级more。much为原级；most为最高级。 7．句意：他经常告诉学生：“要终身学习。” “keep doing sth.”为固定搭配，意为“持续做某事”。用 learning。 8．句意：他对于我们来说是真正的英雄。 “to”为介词，后接人称代词宾格。we为主格；our为形容词性物主代词。 9．句意：在我所知道的所有故事中，他的故事是最鼓舞人心的。 根据“Among all the stories I know”可知，应用最高级the most inspiring。 10．句意：我们将永远铭记他的贡献和对中国的热爱。 根据语境，表达“永远”铭记，应用always。already“已经”；almost“几乎”，均不符。 II. Choose the proper words or phrases in the box to complete the following passage. Each word or phrase can be used only once .（本大题共5题，每题1分，共5分） 选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每题只有一个正确选项，每个选项只能使用一次。 A．tried    B．experiments    C． invent    D．power    E. made    F. together Thomas Edison was an American inventor, who invented over 1,000 things. He was born in 1847. When he was young, he liked breaking up things and putting them back 11 . He was curious about how things worked and loved to do 12 . In the past, people used candles or oil lamps at night. These were not very bright and had many problems. Edison wanted to 13 something new to light up the world. Edison and his team worked day and night. They 14 thousands of materials to find out the best one for the light bulb’s filament (灯丝). After a long time of hard work, in 1879, they finally made a working light bulb. When they turned on the 15 , the bulb lit up brightly! Because of his work, people could use electricity at home every day, even at night. Till now, Thomas Edison’s spirit is an inspiration (激励) to us all. 【答案】11．F 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文讲述了托马斯·爱迪生的生平事迹，重点描述了他如何通过好奇心和坚持不懈的努力发明了电灯泡，并改变了人类的生活方式。 11．句意：当他年轻时，他喜欢把东西拆开然后再组装回去 。根据“breaking up things and putting them back”可知，“put...together”是固定短语表示“把……组装/放在一起”。故选F。 12．句意：他对事物的工作原理很好奇，并且喜欢做实验 。根据“He was curious about how things worked and loved to do”可知，结合常识，好奇事物运作会做“实验”。故选B。 13．句意：爱迪生想要发明新的东西来照亮世界 。根据“something new to light up the world”以及前文说他是发明家，可知是“发明”。故选C。 14．句意：他们尝试了数千种材料来找出最适合灯泡灯丝的那种 。根据“thousands of materials to find out the best one”可知，是“尝试”材料。故选A。 15．句意：当他们打开电源时，灯泡明亮地亮了起来 。根据“the bulb lit up brightly”，结合生活常识，是打开“电源”灯泡才会亮。故选D。 III. Complete the following passage with the given words in their proper forms.（本大题共10小题，每题0.5分，共5分） 用所给单词的正确形式完成短文。 (A) Yuan Longping was a great Chinese 16 (science). He spent his life working on hybrid rice to end hunger. At first, many people thought his goal was 17 (possible)—it was too hard to grow more rice on less land. But he never gave up on 18 (he). He often worked in fields, even in hot summers. Once, a storm hit his test fields. 19 (lucky), he found some healthy rice plants left. He kept making his research better and finally succeeded. Yuan said his work was a meaningful 20 (serve) to people all over the world. He taught us that with hard work, nothing is out of reach. 【答案】16．scientist 17．impossible 18．himself 19．Luckily 20．service 【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家袁隆平研究种植杂交水稻的经历。 16．句意：袁隆平是一位伟大的中国科学家。science“科学”，根据“was a great Chinese”可知，此处表示职业，scientist“科学家”，前面有“a”，用名词单数形式。故填scientist。 17．句意：起初，许多人认为他的目标是不可能的——在更少的土地上种植更多的水稻太难了。possible“可能的”，形容词；根据“it was too hard to grow more rice on less land”可知，许多人认为这是不可能的，possible的反义词impossible“不可能的”符合语境，形容词作表语。故填impossible。 18．句意：但他从未放弃过自己。主语为“he”，动作的执行者和承受者为同一个，应用he“他”的反身代词himself“他自己”。故填himself。 19．句意：幸运的是，他发现了一些健康的水稻。lucky“幸运的”，形容词，此处修饰整个句子，用其副词形式luckily“幸运的是，幸运地”。故填Luckily。 20．句意：袁隆平说，他的工作是对全世界人民有意义的服务。serve“服务”，动词，根据“his work was a meaningful”可知，此处填其名词单数形式service“服务”，作宾语。故填service。 (B) Ludwig van Beethoven was a great composer from Germany. He showed amazing musical 21 (able) at a young age. He could play the piano and write music when he was still a child. As he got older, his hearing became 22 (bad). He slowly became deaf. But he didn’t stop making music, and he wrote many famous 23 (piece). His story 24 (real) shows the power of hard work and a strong spirit. That is what makes him so special. Today, people all over the world still play Beethoven’s music. His life story 25 (courage) young people to follow their dreams, even in the face of great difficulties. 【答案】21．ability 22．worse 23．pieces 24．really 25．encourages 【导语】本文主要介绍了贝多芬的生平故事。 21．句意：他在很小的时候就表现出惊人的音乐才能。根据“He showed amazing musical…(able) at a young age.”可知，空前为形容词，此处应用able的名词形式ability表示“能力”。故填ability。 22．句意：随着年龄的增长，他的听力越来越差。根据“As he got older, his hearing became…(bad).”可知，此处是指越来越差，应用bad的比较级worse表示“更差的”。故填worse。 23．句意：但他并没有停止创作音乐，他写了许多著名的作品。根据“But he didn’t stop making music, and he wrote many famous…(piece).”可知，空前有形容词many，应用可数名词piece的复数形式pieces表示“件/首”。故填pieces。 24．句意：他的故事确实显示了努力工作的力量和坚强的精神。根据“His story…(real) shows the power of hard work and a strong spirit.”可知，此处修饰动词shows应用real的副词形式really表示“真的”。故填really。 25．句意：他的人生故事鼓励年轻人追随自己的梦想，即使面对巨大的困难。根据“His life story…(courage) young people to follow their dreams, even in the face of great difficulties.”可知，此处缺少谓语动词，应用courage的动词形式encourage表示“鼓励”，时态为一般现在时，主语为三单形式，应用动词三单形式。故填encourages。 IV. Complete the following dialogue as required.（本大题共5小题，每题2分，共10分） 根据所给要求完成对话。 Lisa: Hi, Mike. What are you reading now?   Mike: It’s a Chinese cartoon book created by Feng Zikai.   Lisa: Mr Feng is the father of Chinese cartoons. 26 a simple drawing?（一般疑问句提问）   Mike: Yes, I’ve found something deep inside each drawing. It’s really magical. Can you tell me more about the great artist?   Lisa: OK. Feng loved art from a young age and was known as the “Little Artist” in his town in Zhejiang Province.   Mike: 27 ?（询问谁在学校教他）   Lisa: A teacher named Li Shutong. Mr Li asked him to sketch from real life, not just to trace pictures. Teacher Li’s idea that a good artist needs both skill and good character deeply influenced Feng Zikai’s art.   Mike: 28 to have such a good teacher!（感叹多么幸运）   Lisa: Yes. He studied Japanese and European art. Back in China, he did a lot of ink paintings with fresh ideas.   Mike: His works must be popular at that time, right?   Lisa: 29 .（表述完全赞同） Mike: His paintings are full of warmth and wisdom. Lisa: Sure. They still touch many people today. Mike: 30 ?（特殊疑问句；询问我们能从他身上学到什么） Lisa: We should keep loving life and stay true to ourselves. 【答案】26．Have you found something deep inside 27．Who taught him at school 28．How lucky he was 29．Exactly / Yes, absolutely / That’s right 30．What can we learn from him 【导语】本段对话围绕丰子恺及其作品展开，描述了对其作品的理解。 26．根据答语“Yes, I’ve found...”及括号内的提示可知是一般疑问句，结合语境“你在每一幅简单的画里发现了深刻的东西吗”，需用Have引导，可以填Have you found something deep inside。     27．根据答语A teacher named Li Shutong可知是对“人”提问，结合“询问谁在学校教他”的语境，用Who引导特殊疑问句，可以填Who taught him at school。 28．根据“感叹多么幸运”的要求，用How引导感叹句，结构为How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语，故填How lucky he was。 29．根据“表述完全赞同”的要求，对“His works must be popular at that time, right?”作肯定回应，可以填Exactly / Yes, absolutely / That’s right。 30．根据括号提示 “询问我们能从他身上学到什么”，用 what 引导特殊疑问句，结构为What can we learn from him。后续 Lisa 的回答贴合丰子恺热爱生活、坚守本心的人物特点，自然承接问句。 （第二部分 读写） V. Reading comprehension（阅读理解）（本大题共22题，共50分） A. Choose the best answer（根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案）（每题2分，共20分） （A） A-F分别是六位名人的简介。有五位想借阅名人传记书籍的同学，请为每位同学选择符合他们兴趣的名人简介，以此帮助他们进一步了解相关信息。 31 Tom is curious about the universe. His dream is to be a physicist. He wants to understand how the world works from now on. 32 Linda loves reading and writing. She dreams of creating her own stories and poems one day and wants to learn from the best. 33 David believes good qualities and moral values are very important. He is looking for a role model who taught about life and wisdom. 34 Sarah enjoys making people laugh and is a fan of silent movies. She hopes to share her humor by expressing herself. 35 Kevin is very interested in medicine. He wants to learn how ancient medical scientists helped sick people. A．Charlie Chaplin-A great comic actor who brought people laughter without saying a word in the film. His humor helped people go through hard times. B．Albert Einstein-One of the greatest scientists of the 20th century. His theories help us understand how the universe works. C． Confucius-An ancient Chinese teacher and philosopher. He spent his life teaching and sharing wise ideas about life and learning. D．Li Shizhen-A great medical scientist from ancient China. After years of medical research, he wrote Ben Cao Gang Mu to help and save people. E. Jane Goodall-A famous expert on animals. She lived in the forest to study and protect chimpanzees, showing us how to respect animals and nature. F. William Shakespeare-A great playwright and poet who wrote over 30 plays and hundreds of poems. His stories teach us about human nature. 【答案】31．B 32．F 33．C 34．A 35．D 【导语】本文介绍了六位名人的简介，以匹配Tom、Linda、David、Sarah及Kevin各自的选择。 【详解】31．根据“Tom is curious about the universe. His dream is to be a physicist. He wants to understand how the world works from now on.”可知，Tom对宇宙好奇，梦想成为物理学家。选项B“阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦——是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一，其理论帮助理解宇宙运行。”与之匹配。故选B。 32．根据“Linda loves reading and writing. She dreams of creating her own stories and poems one day and wants to learn from the best.”可知，Linda热爱读写，梦想创作故事和诗歌。选项F“威廉・莎士比亚——一位伟大的剧作家和诗人，创作了30多部戏剧和数百首诗歌。他的作品让我们洞察人性。”与之匹配。故选F。 33．根据“David believes good qualities and moral values are very important. He is looking for a role model who taught about life and wisdom.”可知，David重视品质和道德价值，寻找传授生活智慧的榜样。选项C“孔子——中国古代的教育家和哲学家。他一生都在教书育人，分享关于人生和学习的智慧思想。”与之匹配。故选C。 34．根据“Sarah enjoys making people laugh and is a fan of silent movies. She hopes to share her humor by expressing herself.”可知，Sarah喜欢逗人发笑，是默片粉丝。选项A“查理・卓别林——一位伟大的喜剧演员，他在电影中无需台词就能为人们带来欢笑。他的幽默帮助人们度过了艰难岁月。”与之匹配。故选A。 35．根据“Kevin is very interested in medicine. He wants to learn how ancient medical scientists helped sick people.”可知，Kevin对医学感兴趣，想了解古代医学家如何帮助病人。选项D“李时珍——中国古代伟大的医学家。经过多年的医学研究，他编写了《本草纲目》来救治世人。”与之匹配。故选D。 （B） Florence Nightingale is known as the founder of modern nursing. She was born in 1820 into a wealthy British family. At that time, wealthy women were expected to get married and manage households, not work as nurses. Nursing was considered a low-class job. However, Nightingale felt a strong calling to help the sick. Despite her family’s strong opposition, she decided to become a nurse. In 1851, she went to Germany to study nursing. When the Crimean War broke out in 1854, Nightingale volunteered to go to the battlefield hospital in Turkey. What she found there was shocking. The hospital was dirty and crowded. Soldiers lay on the floor without blankets. There was not enough medicine or clean water. More soldiers were dying from infections than from battle wounds. Nightingale quickly got to work. She cleaned the hospital, provided clean clothes and blankets, and made sure the soldiers had proper food. She also set up a kitchen to prepare special meals for the sick. At night, she would walk through the hospital with a lamp to check on the soldiers. The soldiers called her “the Lady with the Lamp.” Thanks to her efforts, the death rate at the hospital dropped from 42% to 2%. After the war, Nightingale continued to work for hospital reform. She wrote books about nursing and opened the first professional nursing school in London. Florence Nightingale changed people’s view of nursing forever. Today, her birthday, May 12th, is celebrated as International Nurses Day. 36．What was Nightingale’s family’s attitude toward her becoming a nurse? A．They fully supported her. B．They were strongly against it. C．They didn’t care about it. D．They encouraged her to study abroad. 37．Why did Nightingale go to Turkey in 1854? A．To visit her family. B．To study nursing at a school. C．To volunteer at a battlefield hospital. D．To write a book about nursing. 38．What was the main problem Nightingale found at the hospital in Turkey? A．There were too many patients. B．The conditions were very unsanitary. C．The soldiers refused treatment. D．There were not enough doctors. 39．What does the underlined word “infections” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Diseases caused by germs. B．Wounds from battles. C．Pain from injuries. D．Feelings of sadness. 40．What can we learn from Florence Nightingale’s story? A．Wealthy people should not work as nurses. B．Following your calling requires courage. C．Family support is necessary for success. D．Only battlefield doctors can save soldiers. 【答案】36．B 37．C 38．B 39．A 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了现代护理学创始人弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔不顾家庭反对，坚持投身护理事业，并在克里米亚战争期间通过改善医院卫生条件，大幅降低士兵死亡率，最终推动护理职业化发展的故事。 36．根据文章第二段“Despite her family’s strong opposition, she decided to become a nurse.”可知，南丁格尔的家人强烈反对她成为护士。 37．根据文章第二段“When the Crimean War broke out in 1854, Nightingale volunteered to go to the battlefield hospital in Turkey.”可知，她1854年去土耳其是为了在战地医院做志愿者。 38．根据文章第三段“What she found there was shocking. The hospital was dirty and crowded... There was not enough medicine or clean water.”可知，她发现医院的主要问题是卫生条件极差。 39．根据第三段“More soldiers were dying from infections than from battle wounds.”，结合上下文医院脏乱、缺医少药的环境，可推断“infections”指由细菌引起的疾病，与“battle wounds”（战伤）相对。 40．南丁格尔不顾家庭反对、社会偏见，坚持自己的使命，最终改变了护理行业的面貌，这体现了“追随内心的召唤需要勇气”。 B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）（每题2分，共12分） Who Set Up the Nobel Prizes? On December 10, 1901, the first Nobel Prizes were awarded. Do you know who set up the prizes? The Nobel Prizes are named after Alfred Nobel, a Swedish scientist. He invented a powerful explosive and it made him very rich. In his will, he left more than nine million U.S. dollars to set up a foundation. It would give awards to people who had helped the world in some way. 41 , there were prizes in only five fields. They were physics, chemistry, literature, physiology (or medicine), and peace. In 1969, the prize for economics was added to the list. Among them, only the Peace Prize can be given to organizations of more than three people. As for the other five prizes, each can be 42 by no more than three people. What do Nobel winners get? Well, besides prize money, each of them receives a gold medal and a certificate. In 1901, the amount of each prize was more than 40,000 U.S. dollars. Last year, it 43 about one million U.S. dollars. The first Nobel Prizes were 44 five years after Alfred Nobel’s death. Since then, they have been given on December 10 each year. But not every one of the six prizes is awarded every year. If the Nobel team can’t find a(n) 45 winner for a prize, it will be omitted. In Alfred Nobel’s will, people from all countries can be awarded the prizes. Everyone has a(n) 46 to get this great honor! 41．A．At first B．By now C．For example D．In fact 42．A．allowed B．enjoyed C．followed D．shared 43．A．gained B．raised C．reached D．saved 44．A．broken down B．handed out C．put off D．run out 45．A．lucky B．necessary C．official D．suitable 46．A．chance B．interest C．plan D．responsibility 【答案】41．A 42．D 43．C 44．B 45．D 46．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了诺贝尔奖由瑞典科学家阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔设立，旨在奖励为世界做出贡献的人。 【详解】41．句意：起初，诺贝尔奖只设立了五个领域。 At first起初；By now到目前为止；For example例如；In fact事实上。根据“In 1969, the prize for economics was added to the list”可知，1969年才新增了经济学奖，所以起初只有五个领域，故选A。 42．句意：至于其他五个奖项，每个奖项最多只能由三个人共同获得。 allowed允许；enjoyed享受；followed跟随；shared分享、共同获得。根据“only the Peace Prize can be given to organizations of more than three people”可知，和平奖可授予三人以上的组织，而其他五个奖项与之不同，最多由三个人共同获得，故选D。 43．句意：1901年，每个奖项的金额超过4万美元。去年，这个金额达到了约100万美元。 gained获得；raised筹集；reached达到；saved节省。根据“In 1901, the amount of each prize was more than 40,000 U.S. dollars”可知，此处是对比不同年份的奖金金额，去年的奖金金额达到了约100万美元，故选C。 44．句意：第一届诺贝尔奖在阿尔弗雷德・诺贝尔去世五年后颁发。 broken down出故障；handed out颁发、分发；put off推迟；run out用完。根据“the first Nobel Prizes were awarded”可知，诺贝尔奖是被颁发的，handed out与awarded意思相近，故选B。 45．句意：如果诺贝尔委员会找不到合适的获奖者，该奖项将会空缺。 lucky幸运的；necessary必要的；official官方的；suitable合适的。根据“it will be omitted”可知，只有找不到合适的获奖者时，奖项才会空缺，故选D。 46．句意：在阿尔弗雷德・诺贝尔的遗嘱中，各国人民都有资格获得这个奖项。每个人都有机会获得这份巨大的荣誉！ chance机会；interest兴趣；plan计划；responsibility责任。根据“people from all countries can be awarded the prizes”可知，各国人民都有资格获奖，即每个人都有获得这份荣誉的机会，故选A。 C. Read the passage and answer the following questions.（前五小题每题2分，最后小题8分；共18分） 阅读短文，回答问题。 Stephen Hawking was a well-known English scientist, teacher and writer. He used a wheelchair and a computer to talk after getting ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis肌萎缩侧索硬化), a disease he got in university. Although he met with so many difficulties, Stephen made important discoveries about the universe and its future. Born on 8 January 1942 in Oxford, England, Stephen was the eldest child of Frank Hawking and Isobel Walker. His parents, who were both Oxford graduates, moved away from London during World War II to keep him safe. Stephen had two sisters and a brother. His family was known for their special habits, like reading books in silence during meals. They also kept bees in their basement and made fireworks in their greenhouse. From a young age, Stephen loved science. Later, he studied at the University of Cambridge and became interested in black holes. When other scientists thought black holes were areas in space where nothing could escape (逃脱). Stephen discovered that a type of radiation (辐射), now called Hawking radiation, could escape from them. Stephen Hawking gets respect (尊重) from all over the world. His great work and charming personality (性格) encourages millions of people to take an interest in science! 47．What disease did Stephen Hawking get in university? 48．When and where was Stephen Hawking born? 49．What special habits did Stephen Hawking’s family have? 50．What did other scientists think about black holes? 51．What does “them” refer to in Paragraph Four? 52．What do you think of Stephen Hawking? Why? 【答案】47．ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis). 48．He was born on 8 January 1942 in Oxford, England. 49．Reading books silently during meals, keeping bees in the basement, and making fireworks in the greenhouse. 50．They thought black holes were areas where nothing could escape. 51．Black holes. 52．He was a great and inspiring scientist because he made groundbreaking discoveries despite his physical challenges. 【导语】本文介绍了英国著名科学家史蒂芬·霍金的生平。 47．根据“He used a wheelchair and a computer to talk after getting ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis肌萎缩侧索硬化), a disease he got in university.”可知他在大学期间患上了肌萎缩侧索硬化。故填ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis). 48．根据“Born on 8 January 1942 in Oxford, England”可知他于1942年1月8日出生在英格兰牛津。故填He was born on 8 January 1942 in Oxford, England. 49．根据“His family was known for their special habits, like reading books in silence during meals. They also kept bees in their basement and made fireworks in their greenhouse”可知其家庭习惯包括：吃饭时安静读书、在地下室养蜂、在温室制作烟花。故填Reading books silently during meals, keeping bees in the basement, and making fireworks in the greenhouse. 50．根据“When other scientists thought black holes were areas in space where nothing could escape (逃脱)”可知其他科学家认为黑洞是任何东西都无法逃脱的空间区域。故填They thought black holes were areas where nothing could escape. 51．根据“When other scientists thought black holes were areas in space where nothing could escape (逃脱). Stephen discovered that a type of radiation (辐射), now called Hawking radiation, could escape from them. ”可知“them”指代前文提到的“black holes”。故填Black holes. 52．开放性作答，言之合理即可。参考答案为He was a great and inspiring scientist because he made groundbreaking discoveries despite his physical challenges. VI Writing（写作）（本大题共2大题，共20分） A. Translation (第一题1分；第二、三题各2分，共5分) 53．历史上有很多伟大的科学家，他们改变了世界。(change) __________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】There have been many great scientists throughout history, and they changed the world. 【详解】“历史上”表达为“throughout history”，这是描述跨越整个历史时期的常用搭配；“有”表达为“There have been”，用现在完成时强调“从过去到现在存在”的状态，符合“历史上至今存在”的语义；“很多伟大的科学家”表达为“many great scientists”；“他们”表达为“they”，“改变”表达为“changed”，“世界”表达为“the world”，用一般过去时强调科学家们过去的行为对世界产生的影响；整个句子用并列连词“and”连接两个分句，前半句用现在完成时体现延续性，后半句用一般过去时体现具体动作，故填There have been many great scientists throughout history, and they changed the world. 54．凭借精心的准备，这位艺术家的首秀很成功。 (through) __________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Through careful preparation, the artist’s debut was a great success. 【详解】“凭借精心的准备，这位艺术家的首秀很成功。”译为“Through careful preparation, the artist’s debut was a great success.”。结合句意可知，句子描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。其中“凭借精心的准备”译为“Through careful preparation”，为介词短语作方式状语，置于句首，“Through”表示通过某种方式或途径，“careful preparation”表示精心的准备；“这位艺术家的首秀”译为“the artist’s debut”，为名词短语，作主语，“the artist’s”为名词所有格，表示这位艺术家的，“debut”表示首次亮相或首秀；“很成功”译为“was a great success”，其中“was”为系动词“be”的过去式，“a great success”为名词短语作表语，表示一次巨大的成功。 55．我们可以讨论并选择一个领域，列出该领域的伟人名字。(list) __________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】We can discuss and choose a field, and list some names of great people in the field. 【详解】“可以”译为“can”，情态动词，后加动词原形，“讨论并选择” 译为 “discuss and choose”，“一个领域” 译为 “a field”，“列出” 译为 “list”，“该领域的伟人名字” 译为 “some names of great people in the field”，“讨论并选择”和“列出”为并列关系，用连词“and”连接，完整句子为We can discuss and choose a field, and list some names of great people in the field. B．Please write a short passage of at least 60 words (请写一篇不少于60词的短文) （共15分） 56．古今中外的名人犹如一颗颗明星一般闪耀在历史的星空中。请选择一位你了解的历史名人，谈谈你对他/她的看法，60词以上。包括但不限于以下内容： ●对他/她的简要介绍； ●他/她的主要贡献； ●他/她身上值得学习的品质。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Albert Einstein was a famous German scientist. He discovered the theory of relativity, which changed how we see time and space. He also came up with the famous equation E = mc2 which shows how energy and matter are related. I admire Einstein for his curiosity and bravery. He never stopped asking questions and showed us that it’s okay to think differently. He also believed in peace and used his fame to speak up for what was right. In conclusion, Albert Einstein was an amazing person who made the world a better place. We should learn to be curious, brave and kind, just like him. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为一般过去时； ③提示：写作要点已给出，注意不要遗漏提示中的要点，可适当添加细节，并突出写作要点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，先写一下对他/她的简要介绍； 第二步，写一下他/她的主要贡献； 第三步，最后写一下他/她身上值得学习的品质。 [亮点词汇] ①think differently不同的方式思考 ②believed in相信 ③a better place一个更好的地方 [高分句型] ①He also came up with the famous equation E = mc2 which shows how energy and matter are related.（定语从句） ②He never stopped asking questions and showed us that it’s okay to think differently.（and连接并列成分，宾语从句） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Famous people in history单元测试卷 【B卷 ◆ 对接新中考】 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） （第一部分 语法和词汇） I. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案，每题只有一个正确答案）（本大题共10题， 每题1分，共10分） We are deeply sad to hear that Yang Zhenning died on October 18, 2025, in Beijing at the age of 103. He is one of 1 greatest scientists in the world. Yang Zhenning was born in 1922. He showed great interest in science from his childhood and studied very hard. He 2 understand difficult math problems much better than others. In 1957, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics 3 his important discovery (发现). This made him the first Chinese scientist to receive this honor. Yet he lived a simple life and went on working hard. When doing research (研究), he almost forgot everything around him. After years abroad, he returned to China and 4 build a research center. He worked at Tsinghua University 5 2003. He loved his motherland 6 than any other place. He always told his students, “Keep 7 all your life.” He is a true hero to 8 . Among all the stories I know, his is 9 one. We will 10 remember his contributions (贡献) and love for China. 1．A．a B．/ C．the 2．A．can B．could C．must 3．A．with B．for C．against 4．A．help B．helped C．helps 5．A．until B．while C．if 6．A．much B．more C．most 7．A．learn B．to learn C．learning 8．A．we B．our C．us 9．A．the most inspiring B．more inspiring C．inspiring 10．A．always B．already C．almost II. Choose the proper words or phrases in the box to complete the following passage. Each word or phrase can be used only once .（本大题共5题，每题1分，共5分） 选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每题只有一个正确选项，每个选项只能使用一次。 A．tried    B．experiments    C． invent    D．power    E. made    F. together Thomas Edison was an American inventor, who invented over 1,000 things. He was born in 1847. When he was young, he liked breaking up things and putting them back 11 . He was curious about how things worked and loved to do 12 . In the past, people used candles or oil lamps at night. These were not very bright and had many problems. Edison wanted to 13 something new to light up the world. Edison and his team worked day and night. They 14 thousands of materials to find out the best one for the light bulb’s filament (灯丝). After a long time of hard work, in 1879, they finally made a working light bulb. When they turned on the 15 , the bulb lit up brightly! Because of his work, people could use electricity at home every day, even at night. Till now, Thomas Edison’s spirit is an inspiration (激励) to us all. III. Complete the following passage with the given words in their proper forms.（本大题共10小题，每题0.5分，共5分） 用所给单词的正确形式完成短文。 (A) Yuan Longping was a great Chinese 16 (science). He spent his life working on hybrid rice to end hunger. At first, many people thought his goal was 17 (possible)—it was too hard to grow more rice on less land. But he never gave up on 18 (he). He often worked in fields, even in hot summers. Once, a storm hit his test fields. 19 (lucky), he found some healthy rice plants left. He kept making his research better and finally succeeded. Yuan said his work was a meaningful 20 (serve) to people all over the world. He taught us that with hard work, nothing is out of reach. (B) Ludwig van Beethoven was a great composer from Germany. He showed amazing musical 21 (able) at a young age. He could play the piano and write music when he was still a child. As he got older, his hearing became 22 (bad). He slowly became deaf. But he didn’t stop making music, and he wrote many famous 23 (piece). His story 24 (real) shows the power of hard work and a strong spirit. That is what makes him so special. Today, people all over the world still play Beethoven’s music. His life story 25 (courage) young people to follow their dreams, even in the face of great difficulties. IV. Complete the following dialogue as required.（本大题共5小题，每题2分，共10分） 根据所给要求完成对话。 Lisa: Hi, Mike. What are you reading now?   Mike: It’s a Chinese cartoon book created by Feng Zikai.   Lisa: Mr Feng is the father of Chinese cartoons. 26 a simple drawing?（一般疑问句提问）   Mike: Yes, I’ve found something deep inside each drawing. It’s really magical. Can you tell me more about the great artist?   Lisa: OK. Feng loved art from a young age and was known as the “Little Artist” in his town in Zhejiang Province.   Mike: 27 ?（询问谁在学校教他）   Lisa: A teacher named Li Shutong. Mr Li asked him to sketch from real life, not just to trace pictures. Teacher Li’s idea that a good artist needs both skill and good character deeply influenced Feng Zikai’s art.   Mike: 28 to have such a good teacher!（感叹多么幸运）   Lisa: Yes. He studied Japanese and European art. Back in China, he did a lot of ink paintings with fresh ideas.   Mike: His works must be popular at that time, right?   Lisa: 29 .（表述完全赞同） Mike: His paintings are full of warmth and wisdom. Lisa: Sure. They still touch many people today. Mike: 30 ?（特殊疑问句；询问我们能从他身上学到什么） Lisa: We should keep loving life and stay true to ourselves. （第二部分 读写） V. Reading comprehension（阅读理解）（本大题共22题，共50分） A. Choose the best answer（根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案）（每题2分，共20分） （A） A-F分别是六位名人的简介。有五位想借阅名人传记书籍的同学，请为每位同学选择符合他们兴趣的名人简介，以此帮助他们进一步了解相关信息。 31 Tom is curious about the universe. His dream is to be a physicist. He wants to understand how the world works from now on. 32 Linda loves reading and writing. She dreams of creating her own stories and poems one day and wants to learn from the best. 33 David believes good qualities and moral values are very important. He is looking for a role model who taught about life and wisdom. 34 Sarah enjoys making people laugh and is a fan of silent movies. She hopes to share her humor by expressing herself. 35 Kevin is very interested in medicine. He wants to learn how ancient medical scientists helped sick people. A．Charlie Chaplin-A great comic actor who brought people laughter without saying a word in the film. His humor helped people go through hard times. B．Albert Einstein-One of the greatest scientists of the 20th century. His theories help us understand how the universe works. C． Confucius-An ancient Chinese teacher and philosopher. He spent his life teaching and sharing wise ideas about life and learning. D．Li Shizhen-A great medical scientist from ancient China. After years of medical research, he wrote Ben Cao Gang Mu to help and save people. E. Jane Goodall-A famous expert on animals. She lived in the forest to study and protect chimpanzees, showing us how to respect animals and nature. F. William Shakespeare-A great playwright and poet who wrote over 30 plays and hundreds of poems. His stories teach us about human nature. （B） Florence Nightingale is known as the founder of modern nursing. She was born in 1820 into a wealthy British family. At that time, wealthy women were expected to get married and manage households, not work as nurses. Nursing was considered a low-class job. However, Nightingale felt a strong calling to help the sick. Despite her family’s strong opposition, she decided to become a nurse. In 1851, she went to Germany to study nursing. When the Crimean War broke out in 1854, Nightingale volunteered to go to the battlefield hospital in Turkey. What she found there was shocking. The hospital was dirty and crowded. Soldiers lay on the floor without blankets. There was not enough medicine or clean water. More soldiers were dying from infections than from battle wounds. Nightingale quickly got to work. She cleaned the hospital, provided clean clothes and blankets, and made sure the soldiers had proper food. She also set up a kitchen to prepare special meals for the sick. At night, she would walk through the hospital with a lamp to check on the soldiers. The soldiers called her “the Lady with the Lamp.” Thanks to her efforts, the death rate at the hospital dropped from 42% to 2%. After the war, Nightingale continued to work for hospital reform. She wrote books about nursing and opened the first professional nursing school in London. Florence Nightingale changed people’s view of nursing forever. Today, her birthday, May 12th, is celebrated as International Nurses Day. 36．What was Nightingale’s family’s attitude toward her becoming a nurse? A．They fully supported her. B．They were strongly against it. C．They didn’t care about it. D．They encouraged her to study abroad. 37．Why did Nightingale go to Turkey in 1854? A．To visit her family. B．To study nursing at a school. C．To volunteer at a battlefield hospital. D．To write a book about nursing. 38．What was the main problem Nightingale found at the hospital in Turkey? A．There were too many patients. B．The conditions were very unsanitary. C．The soldiers refused treatment. D．There were not enough doctors. 39．What does the underlined word “infections” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Diseases caused by germs. B．Wounds from battles. C．Pain from injuries. D．Feelings of sadness. 40．What can we learn from Florence Nightingale’s story? A．Wealthy people should not work as nurses. B．Following your calling requires courage. C．Family support is necessary for success. D．Only battlefield doctors can save soldiers. B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）（每题2分，共12分） Who Set Up the Nobel Prizes? On December 10, 1901, the first Nobel Prizes were awarded. Do you know who set up the prizes? The Nobel Prizes are named after Alfred Nobel, a Swedish scientist. He invented a powerful explosive and it made him very rich. In his will, he left more than nine million U.S. dollars to set up a foundation. It would give awards to people who had helped the world in some way. 41 , there were prizes in only five fields. They were physics, chemistry, literature, physiology (or medicine), and peace. In 1969, the prize for economics was added to the list. Among them, only the Peace Prize can be given to organizations of more than three people. As for the other five prizes, each can be 42 by no more than three people. What do Nobel winners get? Well, besides prize money, each of them receives a gold medal and a certificate. In 1901, the amount of each prize was more than 40,000 U.S. dollars. Last year, it 43 about one million U.S. dollars. The first Nobel Prizes were 44 five years after Alfred Nobel’s death. Since then, they have been given on December 10 each year. But not every one of the six prizes is awarded every year. If the Nobel team can’t find a(n) 45 winner for a prize, it will be omitted. In Alfred Nobel’s will, people from all countries can be awarded the prizes. Everyone has a(n) 46 to get this great honor! 41．A．At first B．By now C．For example D．In fact 42．A．allowed B．enjoyed C．followed D．shared 43．A．gained B．raised C．reached D．saved 44．A．broken down B．handed out C．put off D．run out 45．A．lucky B．necessary C．official D．suitable 46．A．chance B．interest C．plan D．responsibility C. Read the passage and answer the following questions.（前五小题每题2分，最后小题8分；共18分） 阅读短文，回答问题。 Stephen Hawking was a well-known English scientist, teacher and writer. He used a wheelchair and a computer to talk after getting ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis肌萎缩侧索硬化), a disease he got in university. Although he met with so many difficulties, Stephen made important discoveries about the universe and its future. Born on 8 January 1942 in Oxford, England, Stephen was the eldest child of Frank Hawking and Isobel Walker. His parents, who were both Oxford graduates, moved away from London during World War II to keep him safe. Stephen had two sisters and a brother. His family was known for their special habits, like reading books in silence during meals. They also kept bees in their basement and made fireworks in their greenhouse. From a young age, Stephen loved science. Later, he studied at the University of Cambridge and became interested in black holes. When other scientists thought black holes were areas in space where nothing could escape (逃脱). Stephen discovered that a type of radiation (辐射), now called Hawking radiation, could escape from them. Stephen Hawking gets respect (尊重) from all over the world. His great work and charming personality (性格) encourages millions of people to take an interest in science! 47．What disease did Stephen Hawking get in university? 48．When and where was Stephen Hawking born? 49．What special habits did Stephen Hawking’s family have? 50．What did other scientists think about black holes? 51．What does “them” refer to in Paragraph Four? 52．What do you think of Stephen Hawking? Why? VI Writing（写作）（本大题共2大题，共20分） A. Translation (第一题1分；第二、三题各2分，共5分) 53．历史上有很多伟大的科学家，他们改变了世界。(change) __________________________________________________________________________. 54．凭借精心的准备，这位艺术家的首秀很成功。 (through) __________________________________________________________________________. 55．我们可以讨论并选择一个领域，列出该领域的伟人名字。(list) __________________________________________________________________________. B．Please write a short passage of at least 60 words (请写一篇不少于60词的短文) （共15分） 56．古今中外的名人犹如一颗颗明星一般闪耀在历史的星空中。请选择一位你了解的历史名人，谈谈你对他/她的看法，60词以上。包括但不限于以下内容： ●对他/她的简要介绍； ●他/她的主要贡献； ●他/她身上值得学习的品质。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $