期末复习之七选五15篇（期末热点话题）（江苏专用）-2025-2026学年高一英语译林版必修第三册

**基本信息** 聚焦七选五题型，按“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”三大主题分类，15篇专项训练系统覆盖高频话题，强化语篇逻辑与衔接能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |人与自我|5篇（如公众演讲、自尊建立等）|七选五（考查段落主旨、过渡衔接、细节支撑）|围绕个人成长主题，训练语篇结构分析与上下文逻辑推理，提升语言理解与表达能力| |人与社会|5篇（如网络使用、运动多样性等）|七选五（考查观点衔接、例证匹配、总结句选择）|聚焦社会现象，通过不同话题语篇强化逻辑思维与信息整合能力，培养跨文化沟通意识| |人与自然|5篇（如湿地保护、植物衰老等）|七选五（考查因果关系、例证支撑、主题句提炼）|围绕生态保护主题，构建“现象-措施-影响”逻辑链条，提升思维品质与问题解决能力|

期末复习之七选五15篇 （期末热点话题） 内容导航 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练：主要分为以下三个热点话题 1. 人与自我 2. 人与社会 3. 人与自然 每个话题对应五篇专项练习 人与自我 Passage 1 Fear of public speaking is a common form of worry. But by preparing and practicing, you can get over your fear. Know your topic. The better you understand what you’re talking about — and the more you care about the topic — the less likely you’ll make a mistake or get off track. 1 Get organized. 2 This includes any tools and pictures or videos. The more organized you are, the less nervous you’ll be. Use an outline on a small card to stay on track. 3 Do it for some people you’re comfortable with and ask for advice. It also may help to practice with a few people who you don’t know well. You can make a video of your presentation so you can watch it and see ways to improve. Focus on your material, not the audience. People mainly pay their attention to new information — not how it’s presented. In fact, when presenters are anxious, they tend to overjudge just how much others can tell they’re stressed. 4 If audience members do notice you’re worried, they may encourage you and want your speech to be a success. Don’t fear a moment of silence. If you lose track of what you’re saying or your mind goes empty, it may seem like you’ve been silent for ages. 5 Even if it’s longer, it’s likely your audience won’t mind a break to think about what you’ve been saying. Just take a few slow, deep breaths. A．Practice your presentation several times. B．In fact, it’s probably only a few seconds. C．See if any of your specific worries come true. D．The audience may not notice how nervous you are. E．Take two or more deep, slow breaths during your speech. F．And if you do get lost, you’ll be able to get back on track quickly. G．Ahead of time, carefully plan out the information you want to present. 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了如何通过充分准备、勤加练习和心态调整来克服公开演讲的恐惧。 1．上文“The better you understand what you’re talking about — and the more you care about the topic — the less likely you’ll make a mistake or get off track.(你对谈论的话题了解得越透彻，对这个话题越在意，你就越不可能犯错或偏离轨道)”说明熟悉话题能减少失误；空处与前文为顺接补充关系，进一步说明了解主题的另一个好处，F项“如果你真的迷失了方向，你也能迅速回到正轨上。”符合语境。 2．上文“Get organized.(做好安排)”说明本段主旨是要有条理地组织演讲；下文“This includes any tools and pictures or videos.(这包括任何工具、图片或视频)”具体列举了需要准备的物品。空处应引出“提前规划内容”这一动作。G项“提前仔细规划好你想要呈现的信息。”符合语境，且“plan out the information”与下文“tools and pictures or videos”衔接自然。 3．下文“Do it for some people you’re comfortable with and ask for advice.(对着一些让你感到自在的人练习，并征求他们的建议)”说明本段讲的是练习演讲。空处位于段首，是本段小标题。A项“多次练习你的演讲。”概括了本段主旨。 4．上文“In fact, when presenters are anxious, they tend to overjudge just how much others can tell they’re stressed.(事实上，当演讲者焦虑时，他们往往会过度评判别人能看出他们紧张的程度)”说明演讲者焦虑时会过度评判别人能看出自己紧张的程度；空处承接上文，说明听众的真实感知情况。D项“听众可能没有注意到你有多紧张。”符合语境。 5．上文“If you lose track of what you’re saying or your mind goes empty, it may seem like you’ve been silent for ages.(如果你忘了要说什么或者大脑一片空白，那段时间可能感觉像过了很久)”说明演讲者在台上忘词时会主观感觉时间很长；空处与上文为转折关系，客观陈述实际的时间长度。B项“事实上，可能也就几秒钟。”符合语境，与“for ages”形成对比。 Passage 2 Building self-esteem is significant because it directly impacts how you view and care for yourself, influencing your overall well-being. High self-esteem often reflects healthy self-care practices. 1 To that end, we can observe the following golden rules to achieve healthy self-esteem. Write out a list of things you admire about yourself. The goal is to change your negative beliefs about yourself. It can be challenging to sit down and think about our admirable qualities. Yet recognizing your skills or things you like about yourself can improve your self-talk. You can try keeping a journal of what you enjoyed or admired. 2 Stop being a people pleaser. 3 They often put helping others before their own mental health. This can lead to great stress and burnout at work or in life. It’s nice to be helpful and thoughtful when you can. But your self-esteem will suffer when you tie it to the support for others. 4 Those with low self-esteem tend to avoid challenges and new opportunities. This can be due to fears or self-doubt. You should face difficulties bravely and try to pull through rough moments. Thus, you will gain increasing confidence in life. Of course, breaking your comfort shell doesn’t mean throwing yourself into highly dangerous situations. Stop comparing yourself to others. Your progress and self-worth shouldn’t be connected to how well other people are doing. It’s not easy to stop comparing yourself to others. 5 Remind yourself that people only share the best parts of their life online. Don’t let likes on a photo determine your self-worth. A．Step out of your comfort zone. B．Learn to remove your self-doubt. C．Staying away from social media can help this effort. D．However, it’s no easy task to build healthy self-esteem. E．It works wonders for improving the way you see yourself. F．People with poor self-esteem feel dutiful to say yes to requests. G．You need to appreciate your differences when compared to others. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．F 4．A 5．C 【导语】文章介绍了建立健康自尊的重要性，并提出了通过列举自身优点、停止讨好他人、走出舒适区以及避免与他人比较等具体方法来提升自我价值感。 1．上文“Building self-esteem is significant because it directly impacts how you view and care for yourself, influencing your overall well-being. High self-esteem often reflects healthy self-care practices.(培养自尊非常重要，因为它会直接影响你如何看待自己以及如何关爱自己，从而影响你的整体健康状况。拥有高度的自尊往往意味着你有良好的自我照顾习惯)”肯定高自尊的价值，下文“To that end, we can observe the following golden rules to achieve healthy self-esteem.(为此，我们可以遵循以下几条黄金法则来培养健康的自尊)”引出建立健康自尊的法则，此处需要过渡句，解释“为什么需要这些法则”。因此D项“However, it’s no easy task to build healthy self-esteem.(然而，建立健康的自尊并非易事)”符合语境，提出建立健康自尊的难处，与上文形成转折，引出法则的必要性。 2．上文“Yet recognizing your skills or things you like about yourself can improve your self-talk. You can try keeping a journal of what you enjoyed or admired.(然而，认识到自己的技能或自身所具有的优点能够改善你的自我对话。你可以尝试记录下自己所喜欢或钦佩的事情)”建议记录优点来改善自我对话，此处应是对这种方法效果的总结。因此E项“It works wonders for improving the way you see yourself.(这对改善你看待自己的方式有奇效)”符合语境，肯定其效果，承接上文，其中的It指代上文的做法。 3．上文“Stop being a people pleaser.(别再做那种讨好他人的事了)”提出观点“停止讨好他人”，下文“They often put helping others before their own mental health.(他们往往将帮助他人置于自身的心理健康之上)”描述特定人群的一大特征，此处需指出什么是“people pleaser”。因此F项“People with poor self-esteem feel dutiful to say yes to requests. (低自尊的人觉得有义务对请求说“是”)”符合语境，点明“讨好他人者”的心理动机，承上启下。 4．下文“Those with low self-esteem tend to avoid challenges and new opportunities. This can be due to fears or self-doubt. You should face difficulties bravely and try to pull through rough moments. Thus, you will gain increasing confidence in life. Of course, breaking your comfort shell doesn’t mean throwing yourself into highly dangerous situations.(那些自尊心较低的人往往会回避挑战和新的机遇。这可能是由于恐惧或自我怀疑所致。你应该勇敢地面对困难，并努力度过艰难时刻。这样一来，你就会在生活中逐渐获得更多的自信。当然，打破舒适圈并不意味着要让自己陷入极其危险的境地)”在鼓励勇敢尝试、面对挑战，此处是段首主题句，应总的建议打破舒适圈。因此A项“Step out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒适区)”符合语境，概括下文内容。 5．上文“It’s not easy to stop comparing yourself to others. (要停止与他人进行比较并非易事)”指出停止与他人比较的难处，下文“Remind yourself that people only share the best parts of their life online. Don’t let likes on a photo determine your self-worth. (请记住，人们在网上的分享内容往往都是他们生活中最美好的部分)”建议记住人们在网上展示的实质，此处需要解决方案，说明“如何做到”停止比较，且需结合“社交媒体”。因此C项“Staying away from social media can help this effort. (远离社交媒体有助于这项努力)”符合语境，给出具体可行的建议，承上启下，其中的this effort指代“停止与他人比较”。 Passage 3 In recent years, weight training has experienced an increase in popularity. Whether you’re a seasoned gym goer or someone new to fitness, it’s hard to ignore the growing enthusiasm surrounding weight training. 1 This article explores the reasons, helping you understand why so many people are embracing weight training like never before. The explosion of fitness technology has played a significant role in popularizing weight training. Wearable devices, apps, and online platforms now provide detailed data analysis, helping you track your progress and tailor your workouts. 2 With access to real-time feedback, you can fine-tune your technique and make consistent gains. 3 Fitness culture has undergone a great change, with a growing emphasis on strength and performance over aesthetics (美感). Social media platforms have contributed to this shift by showcasing a diverse range of athletes, trainers, and enthusiasts who celebrate strength and functionality. Another key driver behind the rise in weight training is the growing body of research highlighting its health benefits. Studies have shown that strength training can improve bone density, enhance metabolic health, and reduce the risk of chronic conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. 4 Weight training doesn’t just improve physical health; it also offers significant mental health benefits. Lifting weights can help reduce stress, boost self-confidence, and improve mood. The focus required to perform lifts with proper form provides a meditative (冥想的) quality. 5 Additionally, the sense of accomplishment that comes with achieving a new personal record or mastering a challenging movement can be incredibly empowering. A．You may wonder what has caused this shift. B．This allows you to escape from daily distractions. C．A shift in fitness culture is also an important reason. D．People’s attitudes toward the exercising have changed. E．Smart gym equipment allows for more precise training. F．Additionally, maintaining muscle mass is crucial for healthy aging. G．Therefore, people can try to improve mental health through weight training. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．C 4．F 5．B 【导语】主要说明了近年力量训练热度大涨，得益于健身科技发展、健身文化转变，它既能强身防病，也能舒缓情绪、调节心态，深受大众喜爱。 1．根据上文“In recent years, weight training has experienced an increase in popularity. Whether you’re a seasoned gym goer or someone new to fitness, it’s hard to ignore the growing enthusiasm surrounding weight training. (近年来，力量训练的受欢迎程度有了显著提升。无论是经验丰富的健身爱好者，还是初次接触健身的人，都无法忽视围绕力量训练日益高涨的热情。)”以及后文“This article explores the reasons, helping you understand why so many people are embracing weight training like never before. (这篇文章探讨了其中的原因，有助于您理解为何如今有如此多的人开始热衷于进行重量训练。)”可知，前文提到重量训练越来越受欢迎，后文说本文探究背后原因，A选项“你可能好奇是什么导致了这种趋势转变。”完美衔接，承上启下引出原因分析。 2．根据上文“The explosion of fitness technology has played a significant role in popularizing weight training. Wearable devices, apps, and online platforms now provide detailed data analysis, helping you track your progress and tailor your workouts. (健身技术的迅猛发展在推广重量训练方面发挥了重要作用。如今，可穿戴设备、应用程序和在线平台能够提供详尽的数据分析，帮助你追踪训练进度并调整锻炼计划。)”以及后文“With access to real-time feedback, you can fine-tune your technique and make consistent gains. (有了实时反馈的支持，您便能够不断优化自己的技巧，并持续取得进步。)”可知，本段核心讲健身科技对重量训练的推动，前文提到智能可穿戴设备、健身APP等科技产品，后文提到实时反馈调整动作，E选项“智能健身设备让训练更精准。”衔接科技与精准训练的逻辑。 3．根据后文“Fitness culture has undergone a great change, with a growing emphasis on strength and performance over aesthetics (美感). Social media platforms have contributed to this shift by showcasing a diverse range of athletes, trainers, and enthusiasts who celebrate strength and functionality. (健身文化发生了巨大的变化，如今更加强调力量和表现力而非美感。社交媒体平台也促成了这一转变，它们展示了各种各样的运动员、教练和爱好者，他们都崇尚力量和实用性。)”可知，整段讲健身文化的转变，C选项“健身文化的转变也是一个重要原因。”正好总领全段，符合段落主旨。 4．根据上文“Another key driver behind the rise in weight training is the growing body of research highlighting its health benefits. Studies have shown that strength training can improve bone density, enhance metabolic health, and reduce the risk of chronic conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. (力量训练需求量增加的另一个关键因素是越来越多的研究表明其具有诸多健康益处。研究表明，力量训练能够提高骨密度、改善代谢健康状况，并降低患糖尿病和心血管疾病等慢性疾病的风险。)”可知，本段讲重量训练对身体健康的好处，前文已经列举了增强骨密度、降低慢性病风险等好处，F选项“此外，保持肌肉量对健康老龄化至关重要。”是对健康好处的补充，逻辑通顺。 5．根据上文“Weight training doesn’t just improve physical health; it also offers significant mental health benefits. Lifting weights can help reduce stress, boost self-confidence, and improve mood. The focus required to perform lifts with proper form provides a meditative (冥想的) quality. (力量训练不仅能提升身体健康状况，还能带来显著的心理健康益处。进行重量训练能够帮助减轻压力、增强自信心并改善情绪。正确姿势下进行举重所需的专注力能带来一种冥想般的体验。)”前文提到举重要集中注意力，有冥想的效果，B选项“这能让你远离日常干扰。”指代前文的冥想式专注，承接自然，再引出后文另一个心理健康好处。 Passage 4 In the spring of 2022, after a depressing 58-loss season, the Oklahoma City Thunder sat near the bottom of the NBA standings. 1 In just three seasons it rocketed from the bottom to the top of the league. How does a team improve so quickly? That question isn’t just about basketball. It’s about how any group can learn, adapt, and succeed in an age of accelerated change. During the past few years, my colleagues and I have been investigating a question: What do the best teams do differently? 2 And we collected detailed data on how their teams set priorities, make decisions, and cooperate. To identify members of high-performing teams, we had workers rate their team’s effectiveness and industry performance. Those rated highest were called “superteams”. 3 Superteams share three key strengths. Firstly, they get more done by managing time, energy, and attention more efficiently. Secondly, their members actively make one another better. Thirdly, they’re constantly building new skills and improving over time. It is that last strength that the Thunder has clearly mastered. 4 It’s part of a pattern that has defined the organization since it moved to Oklahoma City in 2008. After its arrival, the team entered a full rebuild, putting long-term progress before instant results. Yet in just four seasons it reached the NBA Finals, in 2012. The Thunder’s story is a reminder that success grows from the pursuit of improvement, the decisive leaders who spot and solve problems, and the motivated teams that cooperate well. Those are the habits that turn good teams into superteams. 5 A．But something remarkable happened. B．They work together towards the same goal. C．Its rapid rise over the past few years is not an accident. D．We found that superteam leaders are more likely to support employees. E．Any team can develop them, whether in basketball, business, or beyond. F．To find out, we surveyed over 6,000 knowledge workers across various industries. G．Among those superteams, the secret to high performance looked remarkably similar. 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．G 4．C 5．E 【导语】文章主要介绍了俄克拉荷马城雷霆队从低谷迅速崛起的故事，并由此引出对高效团队成功秘诀的研究与总结。 1．由上文“In the spring of 2022, after a depressing 58-loss season, the Oklahoma City Thunder sat near the bottom of the NBA standings. (2022年春天，在经历了一个令人沮丧的58负赛季后，俄克拉荷马城雷霆队位列NBA积分榜底部。)”以及下文“In just three seasons it rocketed from the bottom to the top of the league. (短短三个赛季，它就从底部跃升至联盟顶端。)”可知，本空讲述发生了转折性的变化，A选项“But something remarkable happened. (但引人瞩目的事情发生了。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“But”与上文的低谷形成转折关系，且该选项中的“something remarkable”与下文的“rocketed from the bottom to the top”相呼应，表示情况发生了惊人的逆转。 2．由上文“During the past few years, my colleagues and I have been investigating a question: What do the best teams do differently? (过去几年，我和同事们一直在研究一个问题：最优秀的团队有何不同？)”以及下文“And we collected detailed data on how their teams set priorities, make decisions, and cooperate. (并且我们收集了关于这些团队如何确定优先事项、做出决策和协作的详细数据。)”可知，本空要说研究的具体方法，F选项“To find out, we surveyed over 6,000 knowledge workers across various industries. (为了找到答案，我们调查了各行各业的6,000多名知识工作者。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“To find out”指代上文的“investigating a question”，且该选项中的“we surveyed”与下文的“we collected”形成并列递进关系，时态上均为一般过去时，表示研究过程的连续动作。 3．由上文“Those rated highest were called ‘superteams’ (评分最高的被称为‘超级团队’)”以及下文“Superteams share three key strengths (超级团队具备三项关键优势)”可知，本空要说超级团队的共性特征，G选项“Among those superteams, the secret to high performance looked remarkably similar. (在这些超级团队中，高绩效的秘诀看起来非常相似。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“those superteams”指代上文的“superteams”，且该选项中的“looked remarkably similar”与下文的“share three key strengths”相呼应，表示引出对共性优势的总结。 4．由上文“It is that last strength that the Thunder has clearly mastered. (雷霆队显然已经掌握了最后一项优势。)”以及下文“It’s part of a pattern that has defined the organization since it moved to Oklahoma City in 2008. (这是该组织自2008年迁至俄克拉荷马城以来形成的一种模式的一部分。)”可知，本空要说雷霆队的崛起并非偶然，C选项“Its rapid rise over the past few years is not an accident. (它过去几年的快速崛起并非偶然。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“Its”指代上文的“the Thunder”，且该选项中的“not an accident”与下文的“part of a pattern”相呼应，表示这种成功是有规律、有原因的。 5．由上文“The Thunder’s story is a reminder that success grows from the pursuit of improvement, the decisive leaders who spot and solve problems, and the motivated teams that cooperate well. Those are the habits that turn good teams into superteams. (雷霆队的故事提醒我们，成功源于对进步的追求、能发现并解决问题的果断领导者，以及合作良好的积极团队。这些习惯将优秀团队转变为超级团队。)”可知，本空要说这些习惯的普遍适用性，E选项“Any team can develop them, whether in basketball, business, or beyond. (任何团队都可以培养这些习惯，无论是在篮球、商业还是其他领域。)”能承接上文，符合题意，该选项中的“them”指代上文的“the habits”，且该选项中的“Any team”与文章开头“How does a team improve so quickly? That question isn't just about basketball”相呼应，表示从具体案例升华到普遍规律。 Passage 5 I’ve discovered that developing strong family bonds doesn’t happen by accident. 1 . Here’s what I’ve learned about strengthening those all-important ties. First of all, regular communication is absolutely key. You can’t develop a deep connection with someone if you’re not regularly sharing your thoughts and feelings with them. Make it a point to have daily conversations with each member of your family, even if it’s just a quick chat over breakfast or a text message during the day. 2 Another crucial aspect is spending quality time together as a family. This doesn’t mean you need to plan luxurious outings or vacations. Simple activities like cooking dinner together, playing board games on a rainy afternoon, or going for evening walks can do wonders for bringing the family closer together. 3 . Everyone has their own interests and passions — recognizing this fact enriches our relationships rather than distancing us from one another. Encourage your family members to pursue their hobbies and support them in their endeavors. Practicing forgiveness comes in at number four on my list of tips. 4 . It’s how we deal with the conflicts that truly matters. Harboring anger divides families while forgiving brings us back together. Finally, let me tell you about the power of traditions. 5 . Be it celebrating holidays in special ways or having unique bedtime rituals, traditions create shared memories that every member cherishes deeply. Whether you’re a parent, grandparent, or sibling, I’m confident these tips can help you strengthen your family bonds. It’s not always an easy process but the rewards are truly immeasurable! A．They act like glue holding families together. B．The important thing is that everyone feels heard and understood. C．Respecting each other’s individuality also plays an essential role. D．Intentional behaviors don’t ensure harmony among family members. E．Setting strict rules for screen time ensures healthier family interactions. F．It’s a result of consistent efforts, shared experiences, and respect for each other. G．Disagreements will unavoidably arise within families since humans make errors. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．C 4．G 5．A 1．上文“I’ve discovered that developing strong family bonds doesn’t happen by accident.( 我发现，深厚的亲情纽带并非自然而然形成。)”指出牢固亲情并非偶然形成，F项“它是持续付出、共同经历与彼此尊重换来的结果”承接上文否定偶然性，引出亲情需要用心经营，符合语境。 1．上文“You can’t develop a deep connection with someone if you’re not regularly sharing your thoughts and feelings with them. Make it a point to have daily conversations with each member of your family, even if it’s just a quick chat over breakfast or a text message during the day.( 如果不经常彼此倾诉心声、袒露感受，就无法建立深厚的情感联结。务必坚持每天和家人交流，哪怕只是早餐时简短闲聊，或是日间发条讯息。)”强调日常和家人谈心、交流想法情绪。B项“关键是让每个人都感到被倾听、被理解”总结日常沟通的核心意义，贴合本段沟通主题。 1．下文“Everyone has their own interests and passions — recognizing this fact enriches our relationships rather than distancing us from one another. Encourage your family members to pursue their hobbies and support them in their endeavors.(每个人都有自己的兴趣与热爱。认清这一点能增进彼此感情，而非拉大隔阂。鼓励家人追寻爱好，全力支持他们的追求。)”指出每个人都有个人爱好志趣。C项“尊重彼此的个性也十分重要”总领本段主旨，引出下文尊重个人爱好的内容。 1．下文“It’s how we deal with the conflicts that truly matters. Harboring anger divides families while forgiving brings us back together.( 真正重要的是我们处理矛盾的方式。心存怨怼会离间家人，宽容谅解则能重拾温情。)”指出处理矛盾，G项“家人之间难免因犯错产生分歧”铺垫矛盾存在的必然性，衔接下文如何化解冲突、选择谅解。 1．上文“Finally, let me tell you about the power of traditions.(最后，让我来告诉你家庭传统带来的凝聚力。)”指出传统的力量，A项“传统如同胶水，凝聚整个家庭”形象诠释家庭传统的作用，呼应后文共同珍贵回忆。 人与社会 Passage 1 For children, being able to get online can be both good and bad. On the good side, digital technology can connect a child to information and to a much larger community. It helps them learn new things beyond textbooks and make more friends. But on the bad side, it can also bring great harm and stress. 1 Being online has many benefits. 2 We honestly believe that — especially for kids in places where possibilities are few or for children who are disabled — it is completely clear that the Internet is especially useful and is already offering children a better chance to grow. 3 For example, in Europe, 88% of children are online. Yet, in Africa, the number is only 40%. These offline children are missing out on the benefits offered by the Internet. According to a recent UNICEF report, one in three Internet users around the world is a child. Nowadays, countless children across the world are spending a lot of time online. 4 Worse still, few steps are taken to protect kids from dangers in the digital world. For example, many children around the world have a digital footprint (足迹) before they can actually walk and make real footprints. Nowadays, a child’s medical records may be stored in the cloud. 5 But making all this personal information public may put a child at risk. These risks include the misuse of children’s private information, getting to harmful content and cyberbullying. A．Actually, it does more harm than good. B．Children can express themselves freely online. C．In fact, getting to the Internet can change a child’s life. D．But around one-third of the world’s youth lack Internet access. E．This is especially true to children who use the Internet unwisely. F．Yet little is known about digital technology’s influence on their well-being. G．As children grow, they may share their personal details, photos or videos online. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．D 4．F 5．G 【导语】文章主要讨论了儿童上网带来的利弊，既肯定了互联网对儿童学习和成长的积极作用，也指出了数字世界中的隐患和风险。 1．上文“But on the bad side, it can also bring great harm and stress.(但另一方面，它也可能带来巨大的伤害和压力)”指出上网可能带来的负面影响，E选项“This is especially true to children who use the Internet unwisely.(对于不明智使用互联网的儿童来说尤其如此)”承接上文，进一步说明伤害和压力对于使用不当的儿童更为显著；上文讨论的是上网的利弊两面，E选项中的“especially true”将危害具体化到特定群体，使论述更加严谨。 2．上文“Being online has many benefits.(上网有很多好处)”是本段的主题句，指出互联网的积极作用，C选项“In fact, getting to the Internet can change a child’s life.(事实上，接触互联网可以改变一个孩子的生活)”承接上文，对“benefits”进行强化，指出其影响力之大足以改变人生；下文“We honestly believe that — especially for kids in places where possibilities are few or for children who are disabled — it is completely clear that the Internet is especially useful...(我们真诚地相信——特别是对于那些机会匮乏地区的孩子或残疾儿童来说——互联网尤其有用……)”具体举例说明了C选项中“change a child’s life”的体现，上下文语意连贯。 3．设空处位于段落开头，应为该段的主题句。下文“For example, in Europe, 88% of children are online. Yet, in Africa, the number is only 40%. These offline children are missing out on the benefits offered by the Internet.(例如，在欧洲，88%的儿童上网。然而在非洲，这一比例只有40%。这些无法上网的儿童正错失互联网带来的益处)”通过数据对比说明了全球儿童上网机会的不均衡，D选项“But around one-third of the world’s youth lack Internet access.(但全球约三分之一的年轻人无法上网)”准确概括了本段主旨，指出大量儿童无法接触互联网的现实，与下文的具体数据相呼应，构成例证关系。 4．上文“Nowadays, countless children across the world are spending a lot of time online.(如今，全球无数儿童花费大量时间上网)”描述了儿童上网时间长的现状，F选项“Yet little is known about digital technology’s influence on their well-being.(然而，人们对数字技术对其身心健康的影响知之甚少)”与上文构成转折关系，指出尽管上网时间长，但其影响尚不明确；下文“Worse still, few steps are taken to protect kids from dangers in the digital world.(更糟糕的是，很少采取措施保护儿童免受数字世界中的危险)”进一步说明保护措施的缺失，与F选项中的“little is known”形成逻辑递进，上下文语意连贯。 5．上文“Nowadays, a child’s medical records may be stored in the cloud.(如今，儿童的医疗记录可能存储在云端)”举例说明了儿童个人信息被数字化存储的现象，G选项“As children grow, they may share their personal details, photos or videos online.(随着孩子的成长，他们可能会在网上分享个人详细信息、照片或视频)”承接上文，进一步指出除了被动存储的信息外，儿童自身也可能主动分享个人信息；下文“But making all this personal information public may put a child at risk.(但将这些个人信息公开可能会使儿童面临风险)”中的“all this personal information”指代上文提到的医疗记录以及G选项中提到的个人详细信息、照片和视频，上下文语意连贯。 Passage 2 The Disadvantage of Creating Good Habits Habits create the basis for mastery (精通). In chess, after the basic movements become automatic (自动的), a player can focus on the next level of the game. Each unit of information that is memorized opens up the mental space for more effortful thinking. This is true in any case. When you can perform the simple movements without thinking, you are free to pay attention to more advanced details. 1 However, the benefits of habits come at a cost. At first, each repetition develops fluency, speed, and skill. But then as a habit becomes automatic, you become less sensitive to feedback. 2 It becomes easier to ignore mistakes. When you can do it “well enough” automatically, you stop thinking about how to do it better. 3 In reality, you are merely reinforcing (强化) your current habits — not improving them. 4 To achieve top levels of performance, you need an improved approach. You can’t repeat the same things blindly and expect to become excellent. What you need is a combination of automatic habits and deliberate (刻意的) practice. After one habit has been mastered, you have to return to the effortful part of the work and begin building the next habit. Old tasks become easier the second time around, but it doesn’t get easier overall because now you’re pouring your energy into the next challenge. 5 It’s an endless cycle. A．You fall into mindless repetition. B．Next, you will get more positive feedback. C．Each habit unlocks the next level of performance. D．Habits are necessary, but not enough for mastery. E．With habits like these, you will get better without extra effort. F．In this way, habits are essential for any pursuit of excellence. G．You assume you’re getting better because you’re gaining experience. 【答案】1．F 2．A 3．G 4．D 5．C 【导语】文章主要讨论了习惯对掌握技能的重要性，同时指出习惯也会带来弊端——使人变得自动化、对反馈不敏感，因此需要将自动习惯与刻意练习相结合。 1．上文“When you can perform the simple movements without thinking, you are free to pay attention to more advanced details.(当你能够不加思考地完成简单动作时，你就有精力去关注更高级的细节)”指出习惯自动化后就有精力去关注更高级的细节，F选项“In this way, habits are essential for any pursuit of excellence.(从这个意义上说，习惯对于任何追求卓越的努力都是必不可少的)”承接上文，说明“有精力去关注更高级的细节”是卓越追求的基础，其中“this way”指代上文“free to pay attention to more advanced details”。 2．上文“But then as a habit becomes automatic, you become less sensitive to feedback.(但随着习惯变得自动化，你对反馈的敏感度会降低)”指出自动化习惯会降低对反馈的敏感度，A选项“You fall into mindless repetition.(你会陷入无意识的重复)”承接上文，进一步描述这种不敏感状态下的行为表现——机械地重复；下文“It becomes easier to ignore mistakes.(忽视错误变得更加容易)”与A选项中的“mindless repetition”构成因果关系，上下文语意连贯。 3．上文“When you can do it “well enough” automatically, you stop thinking about how to do it better.(当你能够自动地做得“足够好”时，你就不再思考如何做得更好)”指出自动化后停止思考改进，G选项“You assume you’re getting better because you’re gaining experience.(你会因为自己获得了经验就认为自己正在变得更好)”承接上文，进一步说明自动化带来的错误认知——误以为重复等于进步；下文“In reality, you are merely reinforcing (强化) your current habits—not improving them.(实际上，你只是在强化现有的习惯——而不是在改进它们)”直接反驳了G选项中的错误认知，上下文语意连贯。 4．设空处位于段落开头，应为该段的主题句。下文“To achieve top levels of performance, you need an improved approach. You can’t repeat the same things blindly and expect to become excellent. What you need is a combination of automatic habits and deliberate (刻意的) practice.(要达到顶尖水平的表现，你需要改进的方法。你不能盲目地重复同样的事情并期望变得卓越。你需要的是自动习惯与刻意练习的结合)”指出仅靠习惯不足以达成卓越，还需要刻意练习。D选项“Habits are necessary, but not enough for mastery.(习惯是必要的，但对于精通来说还不够)”准确概括了本段主旨，点明习惯的必要性但不充分性，与下文的“combination of automatic habits and deliberate (刻意的) practice”相呼应，符合段落主题句的功能。 5．上文“After one habit has been mastered, you have to return to the effortful part of the work and begin building the next habit. Old tasks become easier the second time around, but it doesn’t get easier overall because now you’re pouring your energy into the next challenge.(掌握一个习惯后，你必须回到需要努力的工作部分，开始建立下一个习惯。旧任务第二次做时会变得更容易，但整体上并不会变得更轻松，因为现在你把精力投入到了下一个挑战中)”描述了习惯与挑战循环递进的过程，C选项“Each habit unlocks the next level of performance.(每个习惯都会开启下一层次的表现)”承接上文，总结了这种循环的核心规律——每个习惯的掌握都为更高层次的表现铺平道路；下文“It’s an endless cycle.(这是一个无止境的循环)”中的“cycle”指代C选项所描述的习惯解锁下一层次的过程，上下文语意连贯。 Passage 3 Once a year in a small mountain village, the Mande people gather to hear the folk (民间的) stories of their traditions. The man playing an instrument called Sosso-Bala while singing is the storyteller. The storyteller holds all the folk knowledge of the Mande people. Most of us don’t have a musical instrument that ties us together, but we have someone in our lives who’s the keeper of our folk knowledge. Often it’s the grandmother who keeps all our stories of wisdom ready to tell upon request. 1 What’s the best way to get a baby to sleep? Where do I come from? How can we raise children? Each story provides an answer. It’s useful that we speak with someone who knows how things are done. 2 Researchers have documented folk knowledge in other species like whales returning to parts of the sea that they’d given up a generation before or monkeys that communicate hunting skills to their younger generations. Folk knowledge is not only culture, it’s also survival. 3 Traditionally, we share it in small units — families sharing around a dinner table. 4 Look at any social medium, and you’ll see folk knowledge at work and at play. It explodes as we’re trained to look for information online, rather than from within. In this case, chances are that our questions can be answered with misinformation.   But we don’t really gather once a year to check our “folk stories” as the Mande people do; nor do we center our folk traditions around a musical instrument. The Internet has no reality except its own and, left unchecked, its wisdom isn’t systematic. 5 So we should be careful with the kind of “folk stories” we find on the Internet. A．It’s just confusion. B．This is why we do it. C．Human wisdom has been passed down through generations. D．The stories can be useful for dealing with all kinds of doubts. E．Nowadays, folk knowledge has increased to digital networks. F．Now the Internet has made valuable folk wisdom at your fingertips. G．Recently, we discovered that this very human practice isn’t limited to humans. 【答案】1．D 2．G 3．B 4．E 5．A 【导语】文章通过曼德人的事例，谈论了文化知识的传承。 1．上文“Often it’s a grandmother, who keeps all our stories of wisdom ready to tell upon request. (通常是一位祖母，她把我们所有的智慧故事都准备好，随时准备在需要时讲出来。)”说明一个祖母会给孩子们讲智慧故事，选项D“这些故事可以用来解决各种各样的疑问。”承接上文，说明这些故事的作用。 2．下文“Researchers have documented folk knowledge in other species like whales returning to parts of the sea that they’d given up a generation before or monkeys that communicate hunting skills to their younger generations. (研究人员记录了其他物种，如：鲸鱼返回前一代人遗弃的海域的种族知识；将狩猎技能传达给后代的猴子。)”说明其他物种也具备把知识技能传给下一代的行为，选项G“最近，我们发现这种人类特有的行为并不局限于人类。”承接上一段，引出下文，说明这种行为不局限于人类，也在其他物种有体现。 3．上文“Folk knowledge is not only culture, it’s also survival. (民间知识不仅是一种文化，也是一种生存。)”说明知识传承是非常重要的，选项B“这就是我们这么做的原因。”总结上文，说明这就是我们要传承的原因。 4．上文“Traditionally, we share it in small units — families sharing around a dinner table. (传统上，我们以小单位分享——一家人围坐在餐桌旁分享。)”介绍了传统上知识传播分享形式，选项E“如今，民间知识已经扩展到数字网络。”承接上文，介绍现在知识传承的新形式。 5．上文“The Internet has no reality except its own and, left unchecked, its wisdom isn’t systematic. (如果不加以控制，它的智慧就不成体系。)”说明如果互联网不加以控制，它的智慧就不成体系，选项A“就是一片混乱。”承接上文，和上文之间存在因果关系，是对“不成体系”的进一步阐明。 Passage 4 Adults should be getting at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity (中等强度) exercise every week, according to the Physical Activity Guidelines published recently. The guidelines advise adults to do muscle-strengthening activities of moderate or greater intensity at least twice per week. 1 “Engaging in a variety of exercises is definitely beneficial,” Voos, who is head team doctor for a football team, said. “Your body needs different ranges of motion, strength and stability. 2 ” This is especially true for children. Sports medicine experts have long encouraged kids to play multiple sports and not to specialize in one at a young age. A lot of data on the topic shows children who specialize in a sport when young have an increased risk of injury. 3 They are less bored with exercise and enjoy greater sports achievements when they are older. 4 Voos said football players at training camp might do a lot of conditioning one day, then work on flexibility and balance the next, then move onto strength training, all of which is intermixed with playing football. “So even at the highest levels, our athletes are exposing their bodies to different motions,” Voos said. Another plus to shaking things up with your exercise routine, especially if you prefer one activity, is that it helps prevent the plateau (高原) effect. 5 That’s because your body has become very efficient at the movements. To overcome such pauses, you need to change your movement routine and stimulate your body in different ways. While changing up your exercise is important for many reasons, experts don’t have specific recommendations for how many different exercises you need to do each week or month to achieve the most benefit. But it’s important to work all of your muscle groups each week, if possible, to strengthen them all. A．However, the children who don’t specialize tend to be healthier. B．This is a period of time when progress in your favored sport stops. C．They also note that varying your exercises can prevent overuse injuries. D．But adults and even professional athletes need to vary their routines, too. E．Cross-training lets your body see all of those different movements each week. F．So they say even simple exercises done at work or home are beneficial, too. G．Those who have the largest amount in their physical activity live the longest. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了多样化锻炼的重要性及益处。 1．由上文“The guidelines advise adults to do muscle-strengthening activities of moderate or greater intensity at least twice per week. (该指南建议成年人每周至少进行两次中等强度或更高强度的肌肉强化活动。)”及下文““Engaging in a variety of exercises is definitely beneficial,” Voos, who is head team doctor for a football team, said. (“进行多样化的体育锻炼绝对是有益的，”足球队首席队医沃斯说道。)”可知，上文提到成年人每周应进行一定强度的肌肉强化活动，下文引出进行多种锻炼有益的观点，本空应说明变化锻炼方式的好处，C选项“他们还指出，变化锻炼方式可以防止过度使用造成的伤害。”能承上启下，符合语境。 2．由上文““Engaging in a variety of exercises is definitely beneficial,” Voos, who is head team doctor for a football team, said.(“进行多样化的体育锻炼绝对是有益的，”足球队首席队医沃斯说道。)”和“Your body needs different ranges of motion, strength and stability. (你的身体需要不同的运动范围、力量和稳定性。)”可知，上文提出身体需要不同的活动幅度、力量和稳定性，本空应说明如何能让身体获得各类不同运动锻炼。E选项“交叉训练让你的身体每周都能接触到所有这些不同的动作。”能承接上文，符合语境。 3．由上文“A lot of data on the topic shows children who specialize in a sport when young have an increased risk of injury. (很多关于这个话题的数据显示，小时候专门从事一项运动的儿童受伤的风险增加。)”及下文“They are less bored with exercise and enjoy greater sports achievements when they are older. (他们对锻炼不那么厌倦，长大后也能取得更大的体育成就。)”可知，上文提到小时候专门从事一项运动的儿童受伤风险增加，下文说明不专门从事一项运动的儿童的好处，本空应说明不专门从事一项运动的儿童的情况，A选项“然而，不专门从事一项运动的儿童往往更健康。”能承上启下，符合语境。 4．由下文“Voos said football players at training camp might do a lot of conditioning one day, then work on flexibility and balance the next, then move onto strength training, all of which is intermixed with playing football. (沃斯说，训练营的足球运动员可能有一天会进行大量的体能训练，第二天会进行灵活性和平衡性训练，然后进行力量训练，所有这些都与踢足球交织在一起。)”可知，下文举例说明足球运动员也进行多种训练，本空应说明成年人甚至专业运动员也需要变化训练方式，D选项“但成年人甚至专业运动员也需要改变他们的常规训练。”能引出下文，符合语境。 5．由上文“Another plus to shaking things up with your exercise routine, especially if you prefer one activity, is that it helps prevent the plateau (高原) effect. (另一个改变锻炼常规的好处，特别是如果你更喜欢一项活动，是它有助于防止高原效应。)”及下文“That’s because your body has become very efficient at the movements. (那是因为你的身体对这些动作已经非常熟练了。)”可知，上文提到改变锻炼常规有助于防止高原效应，下文解释高原效应产生的原因，本空应说明高原效应是什么，B选项“这是一段时间，你在喜欢的运动上的进步停止了。”能承上启下，符合语境。 Passage 5 When you think of jogging, you probably imagine people running at a steady, energetic pace. But have you ever heard of running at a snail’s pace on purpose? 1 Slow jogging has gained worldwide popularity because it solves a common problem that many runners push too hard and end up getting hurt. After decades of research, scientists have found running at a conversational pace is ideal. 2 In other words, you get all the rewards of running without wearing down your body. That is exactly where slow jogging shows its biggest advantage. The technique itself is surprisingly simple. You run at about 2-4 kilometers per hour, which is actually slower than many people walk. 3 Remember to use short, quick steps so your feet barely leave the ground. This significantly reduces the impact on your knees and joints, making the movement gentle on the body. 4 Studies show that slow jogging for 30 minutes a day, five times a week, can improve heart health, lung function, and even help with weight control. Because it is so gentle, older adults, beginners, and even people recovering from injuries can join in without fear. Perhaps the best part is how easy it is to get started. 5 Just put on comfortable shoes and head outside. No complicated plans, no pressure to hit a certain speed, but just you and the road. So next time you see someone moving at what looks like a very relaxed run, don’t laugh. They might just be onto something big. A．This practice is known as “slow jogging”. B．Slow jogging is of great benefit to your mind. C．The health benefits go far beyond injury prevention. D．You don’t need any special equipment or a gym membership. E．Getting started requires health awareness and great determination. F．The key skill is to land on the middle of your foot rather than your heel. G．This pace provides health benefits while carrying a lower risk of injury. 【答案】1．A 2．G 3．F 4．C 5．D 【导语】主要介绍慢慢跑的定义、特点、技巧以及对身体健康的诸多益处，适合各类人群参与。 1．根据前文“But have you ever heard of running at a snail’s pace on purpose?(但你听说过故意以蜗牛般的速度跑步吗？)”可知，前文提出慢速跑步这一现象，A选项“This practice is known as “slow jogging”.(这种做法被称为“慢慢跑”)”对前文现象进行命名，引出下文对慢慢跑的介绍，符合语境。 2．根据前文“After decades of research, scientists have found running at a conversational pace is ideal.(经过数十年研究，科学家发现以能正常交谈的速度跑步最为理想。)”以及后文“In other words, you get all the rewards of running without wearing down your body.(换句话说，你能收获跑步的所有益处，还不会损耗身体。)”可知，空格处说明这种速度既能养生又受伤风险低，G选项“This pace provides health benefits while carrying a lower risk of injury.(这种速度既能带来健康益处，受伤风险也更低)”衔接前后文，逻辑通顺，符合语境。 3．根据本段首句“The technique itself is surprisingly simple.(这项运动的技巧其实非常简单。)”以及后文“Remember to use short, quick steps so your feet barely leave the ground.(记得小步快频，让双脚几乎不离开地面。)”可知，空格处介绍慢慢跑的具体动作技巧，F选项“The key skill is to land on the middle of your foot rather than your heel.(关键技巧是用脚掌中部落地，而非脚跟落地)”贴合本段讲解动作要领的内容，符合语境。 4．空处位于段首，为段落主旨句。根据后文“Studies show that slow jogging for 30 minutes a day, five times a week, can improve heart health, lung function, and even help with weight control.(研究表明每周五次、每次三十分钟慢慢跑，能改善心肺健康，还有助于控制体重。)”可知，本段讲述慢慢跑除防受伤外还有更多健康好处，C选项“The health benefits go far beyond injury prevention.(它的健康益处远不止预防受伤)”总领全段，符合语境。 5．根据前文“Perhaps the best part is how easy it is to get started.(或许最大的好处是入门十分简单。)”以及后文“Just put on comfortable shoes and head outside.(只需穿上舒适鞋子出门即可。)”可知，空格处说明入门无需特殊条件，D选项“You don’t need any special equipment or a gym membership.(你不需要任何特殊装备，也不用办理健身房会员)”承接入门简单的观点，契合下文内容，符合语境。 人与自然 Passage 1 Poyang Lake: A Paradise for Migratory (迁徙的) Birds On a viewing platform at Poyang Lake, a group of students are excitedly watching thousands of birds flying and resting in the wetlands. This lively scene is the result of China’s great efforts in wetland protection. Poyang Lake, China’s largest freshwater lake, serves as a vital stop on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Every winter, about 700,000 birds of nearly 400 species stay here. This includes most of the world’s Siberian white cranes (白鹤). 1 For these migratory birds, the long journey starts in northeast China, passes through many wetlands, and finally ends at this warm lake. To protect the lake and its wildlife, many effective measures have been taken. The reserve now uses high-definition cameras, drones, and AI technology to monitor birds 24 hours a day. 2 And this technology helps rangers spot sick birds or illegal activities quickly. 3 A complete fishing ban and strict pollution rules have greatly improved the water quality. The government has also set aside specific areas for the birds to find food. With more fish and plants in the lake, the birds now have enough food to survive the winter. Local communities also play an important role. In the past, some villagers made a living by fishing or farming near the lake, which disturbed the birds. 4 Many former fishermen have become bird watchers or tour guides. They now realize that a healthy lake brings more visitors and a better life. International support is also key to this success. Projects supported by global organizations train workers and show that protection and development can go together. 5 The return of rare birds proves that years of hard work have finally paid off. A．Now, the situation has completely changed. B．This lake is not just a resting place, but an important destination for their survival. C．As a result, the number of tourists visiting the lake has dropped sharply. D．Many countries along the flyway have joined hands to protect the habitats. E．This advanced system collects data without disturbing birds. F．However, technology is not the only solution. G．Nevertheless, the water quality in the lake is still getting worse. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．F 4．A 5．D 【导语】文章主要讲述鄱阳湖成为候鸟天堂及多方多措并举守护湿地与候鸟家园。 1．上文“This includes most of the world’s Siberian white cranes (白鹤).(这里栖息着全球大部分白鹤)”说明鄱阳湖珍稀候鸟数量多。空后“For these migratory birds, the long journey starts in northeast China, passes through many wetlands, and finally ends at this warm lake.(候鸟从中国东北启程途经多处湿地最终抵达此湖)”介绍候鸟迁徙行程终点。空处承接前文并点明湖泊对候鸟的价值。选项B“This lake is not just a resting place, but an important destination for their survival.(这片湖泊不仅是停歇地更是候鸟生存的重要归宿)”中的“not just...but...”进一步强调了鄱阳湖对鸟类生存的重要性，与前文内容相呼应。 2．上文“The reserve now uses high-definition cameras, drones, and AI technology to monitor birds 24 hours a day.(保护区运用高清摄像头无人机和人工智能全天监测鸟类)”介绍保护区采用的科技监测手段。空后“And this technology helps rangers spot sick birds or illegal activities quickly.(这项技术可以帮助护林员及时发现病鸟和违规行为)”说明科技手段带来的管理便利。空处衔接前文介绍这套科技系统的优点。选项E“This advanced system collects data without disturbing birds.(这套先进系统能够收集数据同时不惊扰鸟类)”承接科技话题，逻辑顺畅。 3．前文段落重点介绍科技监测的保护方式。空后“A complete fishing ban and strict pollution rules have greatly improved the water quality.(全面禁渔和严格治污规定大幅提升了湖水水质)”讲述政策层面的保护举措。空处语义转折引出除科技之外的其他保护方式。选项F“However, technology is not the only solution.(然而科技并不是唯一的解决办法)”中的“However”表示转折，引出除了技术之外的其他保护措施，与后文内容相呼应。 4．上文“In the past, some villagers made a living by fishing or farming near the lake, which disturbed the birds.(过去部分村民依靠湖边捕鱼务农谋生进而惊扰候鸟)”讲述以往村民活动对候鸟造成的干扰。空后“Many former fishermen have become bird watchers or tour guides.(很多昔日渔民转型成为观鸟员和导游)”说明如今村民身份和生活方式的转变。空处总括前后今昔状态的不同。选项A“Now, the situation has completely changed.(如今整体状况已经发生彻底改变)”“Now”与前文的“In the past”形成对比，说明现在情况已经改变，符合语境。 5．上文“International support is also key to this success. Projects supported by global organizations train workers and show that protection and development can go together.(国际助力是保护成功的关键全球组织项目培训人员兼顾保护与发展)”强调国际合作在保护工作中的作用。空后“The return of rare birds proves that years of hard work have finally paid off.(珍稀鸟类重现证明多年保护努力终有回报)”总结保护成果。空处承接国际合作话题续写多国联手保护候鸟栖息地。选项D“Many countries along the flyway have joined hands to protect the habitats.(迁徙路线沿线多国携手共同保护候鸟栖息地)”中的“Many countries along the flyway”与前文的“International support”相呼应，进一步阐述了国际合作的具体表现。 Passage 2 There is no specific age for a plant to be considered mature. However, a plant’s ability to live long has two limitations. First, a plant may no longer be able to send water to all parts because it lacks water pressure in the xylem, one of the two transport tissues in certain plants. Second, it may not be able to support the weight of its body at a certain point. 1 One thing that makes plants different from animals is their growth areas, called meristems, which can stay forever young and renewable. Meristems are plant tissues composed of unspecialized cells which are capable of cell division. They contain stem cells (干细胞) which can become any type of specialized cell. 2 No matter how plants are cared for, they will die at some point due to the process of aging. 3 As a result, they will fail to renew their parts and ultimately die. In humans and animals, old age and death are usually characterized by a lack of brain cell function. 4 It starts when the telomeres (端粒) in the DNA shorten. These DNA caps shorten until there are no more left to protect the DNA, resulting in a release of proteins within the plant. These proteins then cause apoptosis, which leads to cell death. 5 For instance, this process can be promoted by plant hormones (激素) or growth regulators. Seasonal and environmental changes can affect the balance of these hormones, which can give rise to biochemical processes within the plant. A．Over time, their cell division slows and stops. B．There are several factors that can affect aging. C．Therefore, plants present various looks within a day. D．However, animals hardly have such a kind of problem. E．This is often seen in trees that have branched out too much. F．This means they can regenerate parts of the plant as needed. G．While plants have no nervous system, they experience aging. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．A 4．G 5．B 【导语】文章探讨了植物衰老的原因与机制，分析了植物在水分运输和结构支撑方面的寿命限制，并介绍了分生组织在植物生长和更新中的作用，最后从细胞层面阐述了植物端粒缩短导致衰老的过程及其受激素、环境等因素的影响。 1．根据前文“There is no specific age for a plant to be considered mature. However, a plant’s ability to live long has two limitations. First, a plant may no longer be able to send water to all parts because it lacks water pressure in the xylem, one of the two transport tissues in certain plants. Second, it may not be able to support the weight of its body at a certain point. (植物在什么年龄算成熟，并没有一个具体的标准。然而，植物长寿的能力存在两个限制。第一，植物可能无法再将水分输送到所有部位，因为其木质部（某些植物中两种运输组织之一）缺乏水压。第二，植物在某个时刻可能无法支撑自身身体的重量。)”可知，本段开头指出植物长寿面临两个限制，E选项“This is often seen in trees that have branched out too much. (这在分枝过多的树木中很常见。)”中的“This”指代前文提到的“无法支撑自身重量”这一现象，而“trees that have branched out too much”正是该现象常见的具体表现，即树冠过于茂密、分枝过多而导致重量失衡。该选项紧承上文第二点限制，提供了具体例证，逻辑连贯。 2．根据前文“One thing that makes plants different from animals is their growth areas, called meristems, which can stay forever young and renewable. Meristems are plant tissues composed of unspecialized cells which are capable of cell division. They contain stem cells which can become any type of specialized cell. (植物与动物不同的一点在于它们具有称为分生组织的生长区域，这些区域可以永远保持年轻和可再生。分生组织是由能够进行细胞分裂的未分化细胞组成的植物组织。它们含有干细胞，可以分化成任何类型的特化细胞。)”可知，前文介绍分生组织，说它的细胞可分裂、能分化成任何类型的细胞，F选项“This means they can regenerate parts of the plant as needed. (这意味着它们可以根据需要再生植物的部分。)”中的“This”恰好指代前文所述的“分生组织能分化”这一特性，是对分生组织功能的总结，承接上文。 3．根据前文“No matter how plants are cared for, they will die at some point due to the process of aging. (无论植物得到怎样的照料，它们都会因衰老过程而在某个时刻死亡。)”及后文“As a result, they will fail to renew their parts and ultimately die. (结果，它们将无法更新自己的组织器官，并最终死亡。)”可知，空前提到植物终究会因衰老死亡，空后说“结果它们无法更新组织，最终死亡”，A选项“Over time, their cell division slows and stops. (久而久之，它们的细胞分裂减慢并停止。)”既呼应了前文的衰老，又为后文的死亡提供了原因，承上启下，符合逻辑。 4．根据前文“In humans and animals, old age and death are usually characterized by a lack of brain cell function. (在人类和动物中，衰老和死亡通常以脑细胞功能的丧失为特征。)”及后文“It starts when the telomeres in the DNA shorten. These DNA caps shorten until there are no more left to protect the DNA, resulting in a release of proteins within the plant. These proteins then cause apoptosis, which leads to cell death. (这一过程始于DNA中端粒的缩短。这些DNA端粒不断缩短，直到没有剩余部分来保护DNA，从而导致植物体内蛋白质的释放。这些蛋白质随后引起细胞凋亡，最终导致细胞死亡。)”可知，空前提到人类和动物的衰老通常以脑细胞功能丧失为特征，后文开始讲植物衰老的机制，可见，此处需要完成从动物到植物的过渡，G选项“While plants have no nervous system, they experience aging. (虽然植物没有神经系统，但它们依然会经历衰老。)”承接动物的特点，转折引出植物的衰老，起到了承上启下的桥梁作用。 5．空处为段首句，后文“For instance, this process can be promoted by plant hormones or growth regulators. Seasonal and environmental changes can affect the balance of these hormones, which can give rise to biochemical processes within the plant. (例如，这一过程可以由植物激素或生长调节剂促进。季节和环境变化会影响这些激素的平衡，从而引发植物体内的生化过程。)”举例说激素、环境变化都会影响这个过程，由此可知，后文内容是对空格处观点的具体例证。B选项“There are several factors that can affect aging. (有多种因素能够影响植物的衰老。)”总领全段，引出后文的举例，符合段落主题句的特征。 Passage 3 Autumn is a good time to plan for new flowers or plans for next year’s growing season. 1 It is easier to improve soil before plants are in place, so the time to do so is now. 2 Next, test to see how acidic or basic the soil is, also called a pH test. In some countries, the tests are reasonably priced and easy to find. Some universities in the United States have agricultural offices offering low-cost testing services to home gardeners. 3 If the reading is outside the normal range for a plant, it will not be able to take in nutrients to its best abilities, whether from soil or fertilizer. So, learn their pH requirements, and prepare the soil if necessary for the plants. Leftover fallen autumn leaves are also good for gardens. 4 If possible, break them into small pieces. Then spread 7 to 10 centimeters of compost (堆肥), or food and vegetable waste, over the leaves. Place 5 to 8 centimeters of mulch (覆盖物) over the compost to keep unwanted plants from growing over the winter and moderate soil temperature and wetness over the winter. By spring, the soil will become softer for easier planting. 5 The new garden will do well with the rich, organic environment that has been created. And the garden will show this hard work with beautiful flowers and productive vegetables. And they will be healthier and better to withstand unwanted organisms and diseases. A．Doing so could damage soil structure. B．The key to success starts with good soil. C．Push the mulch away and place your plants. D．First, remove unwanted plants from the area. E．Keep some of them on garden beds and borders. F．Each kind of plant will do best in specific pH levels. G．The compost will feed helpful bacteria and other organisms. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．F 4．E 5．C 【导语】文章主要介绍了秋天提前改良土壤、准备花园土地，为来年植物生长做好准备的几种实用方法。 1．由上文“Autumn is a good time to plan for new flowers or plans for next year’s growing season.(秋天是为新花或明年的生长季做规划的好时机。)”以及下文“It is easier to improve soil before plants are in place, so the time to do so is now.(在栽种植物之前改良土壤会更容易，所以现在正是最佳时机。)”可知，本空要引出土壤的重要性。B选项“The key to success starts with good soil.(成功种植的关键始于优质的土壤。)”能承上启下，符合题意。 2．由下文“Next, test to see how acidic or basic the soil is, also called a pH test.(接下来，检测土壤酸碱度，也叫作pH测试。)”可知，此处表示步骤顺序。D选项“First, remove unwanted plants from the area.(首先，清理这片区域里多余的杂草。)”能引出下文步骤，符合题意。 3．由上文“Next, test to see how acidic or basic the soil is, also called a pH test.(接下来，检测土壤酸碱度，也叫作pH测试。)”以及下文“If the reading is outside the normal range for a plant, it will not be able to take in nutrients to its best abilities.(如果数值超出植物适宜范围，植物就无法最好地吸收养分。)”可知，本空与不同植物适合的酸碱度有关。F选项“Each kind of plant will do best in specific pH levels.(每种植物都在特定的酸碱度环境下长势最好。)”能承接上下文，符合题意。 4．由上文“Leftover fallen autumn leaves are also good for gardens.(秋天遗留的落叶对花园也很有益处。)”以及下文“If possible, break them into small pieces.(如果可以的话，把它们碾碎成小块。)”可知，此处讲述落叶的使用方法。E选项“Keep some of them on garden beds and borders.(把一部分落叶留在花坛和边缘。)”能承上启下，符合题意。 5．由上文“By spring, the soil will become softer for easier planting.(到春天，土壤会变得更松软，更便于栽种。)”以及下文“The new garden will do well with the rich, organic environment that has been created.(在这片已经培育好的肥沃有机土壤环境里，新花园会长势喜人。)”可知，此处讲正式栽种植物。C选项“Push the mulch away and place your plants.(拨开覆盖物，种下你的植物。)”符合时间顺序，符合题意。 Passage 4 As global temperatures continue to rise at an alarming pace, scientists are sounding the alarm. Even a 2℃ — 3℃ increase in global average temperature could put roughly 20% — 30% of land species at risk of extinction. When talking about solutions to climate change, people often focus on trees and forests. 1 Seagrass is a marine plant that forms underwater meadows (草甸) in shallow coastal waters. These meadows give protection to sea animals, such as fish, turtles and crabs. 2 It helps stop coastal damage and lessens the power of big waves in storms. But beyond these ecological benefits, seagrass meadows are now recognized as one of nature’s most efficient carbon sinks. 3 It uses chlorophyll, a green material in plants, to take in sunlight, which helps it break down water and turn carbon dioxide into useful materials for growth. What makes seagrass special, however, is its ability to store carbon in sand and mud on the seabed. When seagrass dies, its leaves and roots fall to the ocean floor. The thick plants slow down water flow, letting carbon-rich waste settle and become buried. With little oxygen on the seabed, things break down very slowly. 4 Sometimes it can be centuries. While forests are widely known for carbon storage, they are also easily damaged. Forest fires, for example, can rapidly release previously stored carbon back into the atmosphere. 5 They also exist in stable underwater environments. Although they cover just 0.2% of the ocean floor, they are responsible for capturing an estimated 48 to 112 million tons of carbon annually. A．They are perfect habitats for sea animals. B．Seagrass holds the bottom of the sea with its roots. C．On the other hand, seagrass meadows hardly catch fire. D．Unfortunately, seagrass ecosystems are on the decrease. E．Just like land plants, seagrass carries out photosynthesis (光合作用). F．But there is another little-known important helper: seagrass. G．That’s why the carbon remains trapped there for a long time. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．E 4．G 5．C 【导语】文章主要说明了全球升温危及物种生存，人们常依靠森林应对气候问题。其实海草也是高效固碳帮手，既能护岸庇佑海洋生物，还可长期封存碳，且比森林更稳定安全。 1．根据上文“As global temperatures continue to rise at an alarming pace, scientists are sounding the alarm. Even a 2℃ — 3℃ increase in global average temperature could put roughly 20% — 30% of land species at risk of extinction. When talking about solutions to climate change, people often focus on trees and forests.(随着全球气温以惊人的速度持续上升，科学家们已经发出警告。即便全球平均气温仅升高2℃至3℃，也会使大约20%至30%的陆地物种面临灭绝的危险。在谈论应对气候变化的解决方案时，人们往往会把重点放在树木和森林上)”可知，前文提到人们应对气候变化常想到树木森林，后文开始介绍海草，F选项（但还有另一个鲜为人知的重要帮手：海草）转折引出本文说明对象，衔接自然。 2．根据后文“It helps stop coastal damage and lessens the power of big waves in storms.(它有助于防止海岸遭受破坏，并能减弱风暴中巨浪的威力)”可知，后文提到海草能防止海岸破坏、削弱风暴海浪的力量，B选项（海草用它的根固定海床）正好解释海草能保护海岸的原因，且单数主语对应后文的指代代词It。 3．根据后文“It uses chlorophyll, a green material in plants, to take in sunlight, which helps it break down water and turn carbon dioxide into useful materials for growth.(它利用植物中的绿色物质——叶绿素来吸收阳光，这有助于它分解水分，并将二氧化碳转化为有助于生长的有用物质)”可知，后文详细解释了海草利用叶绿素、阳光转化二氧化碳供生长的过程，这就是光合作用，E选项（和陆生植物一样，海草也会进行光合作用）引出下文的解释。 4．根据上文“What makes seagrass special, however, is its ability to store carbon in sand and mud on the seabed. When seagrass dies, its leaves and roots fall to the ocean floor. The thick plants slow down water flow, letting carbon-rich waste settle and become buried. With little oxygen on the seabed, things break down very slowly.(然而，海草的独特之处在于它能够将碳储存在海底的沙子和淤泥中。当海草死亡后，其叶子和根会沉入海底。这些粗壮的植物能够减缓水流速度，使富含碳的废物沉淀下来并得以掩埋。由于海底氧气稀少，物质分解的速度非常缓慢)”以及后文“Sometimes it can be centuries.(有时则可能长达数百年之久)”可知，前文提到海床缺氧，有机物分解极慢，后文提到碳可以储存数个世纪，G选项（这就是碳能长期被困在那里的原因）承接前文的原因，引出后文的结果。 5．根据上文“While forests are widely known for carbon storage, they are also easily damaged. Forest fires, for example, can rapidly release previously stored carbon back into the atmosphere.(虽然森林因能够储存大量碳而广为人知，但它们也容易遭到破坏。例如，森林火灾就可能迅速将之前储存的碳重新释放到大气中)”可知，前文提到森林容易遭遇火灾，会把储存的碳重新释放回大气，C选项（另一方面，海草甸几乎不会着火）和森林的劣势形成对比，也衔接后文“They also exist in stable underwater environments.(它们也存在于稳定的水下环境中)”的描述。 Passage 5 When you hear the term “wildlife”, you might picture animals. However, many conservation guidelines and related fields cover both plants and animals. These living things are not introduced by humans but are found wild. Actually, different wildlife live in every ecosystem, including forests, oceans, deserts, and more. 1 Here are some reasons. Wildlife maintains balance in ecosystems. Every living thing is connected. If even just one organism becomes threatened or extinct, it has an effect on the entire ecosystem. It disrupts the food chain, sending shockwaves through the environment. What’s worse, threats to species rarely happen in isolation. 2 Diversity means healthier ecosystems. When discussing wildlife, you’ll often hear the term “biodiversity”. This refers to the number of species in an ecosystem. Healthy ecosystems have a lot of diversity. 3 If there are fewer plant species, a disease that affects them spreads faster and more effectively. Wildlife provides nutrients for humans. Everything we eat comes from either an animal or a plant originally. While we don’t eat as much “wildlife” as we used to because the food supply chain has become so industrial, crops and animals were wildlife at one point. 4 Protecting wildlife and natural habitats strengthens food security around the world. 5 Wildlife conservation areas and preserved natural habitats attract visitors from all over the world. Many places depend on wildlife for tourism, which makes up over 10% of the world’s GDP. Countries like Brazil, Australia, Kenya, and more are especially dependent on tourism. Without wildlife, the economy of many countries would suffer significantly. A．Why does wildlife matter? B．Wildlife has cultural significance. C．Wildlife is important for the economy. D．Why can they live in harmony with each other? E．Without a variety of food sources, our nutrition suffers. F．Thus, protecting every species is vital for maintaining ecosystems. G．And a wide variety of plants means greater productivity and better health. 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．G 4．E 5．C 【导语】文章主要阐述了野生动植物的重要性及其保护意义，从维持生态平衡、促进生态系统健康、保障人类营养以及推动经济发展等多个角度展开论述。 1．根据上文“Actually, different wildlife live in every ecosystem, including forests, oceans, deserts, and more.(实际上，不同的野生动植物生活在每一个生态系统中，包括森林、海洋、沙漠等等)”可知，不同的野生动植物生活在每一个生态系统中；再根据下文“Here are some reasons.(以下是一些原因)”可推知，此处应提出一个需要解释原因的问题，A项“为什么野生动植物很重要？”符合语境。 2．根据上文“Wildlife maintains balance in ecosystems. Every living thing is connected. If even just one organism becomes threatened or extinct, it has an effect on the entire ecosystem. It disrupts the food chain, sending shockwaves through the environment. What’s worse, threats to species rarely happen in isolation.(野生动物维持着生态系统的平衡。每一个生物都是相互关联的。哪怕只有一个生物受到威胁或灭绝，也会对整个生态系统产生影响。它会破坏食物链，并在环境中引发连锁反应。更糟糕的是，物种受到的威胁很少是孤立发生的)”可知，本段强调野生动物在维护生态平衡中的作用，及物种之间相互关联、威胁，不会孤立存在。F项“因此，保护每一种生物对于维持生态系统来说至关重要”是对本段内容的总结，符合语境。 3．根据下文“If there are fewer plant species, a disease that affects them spreads faster and more effectively.(如果植物种类减少，那么影响这些植物的疾病就会传播得更快、更猛烈)”可推知，上文应说明植物种类多样的好处，G项“而种类繁多的植物则意味着更高的产量和更好的健康状况”符合语境。 4．根据上文“Wildlife provides nutrients for humans. Everything we eat comes from either an animal or a plant originally.(野生动植物为人类提供营养。我们吃的所有东西最初都来自动物或植物)”可推知，空处应承接上文，进一步说明野生动植物对人类的重要性。E项“如果没有多样化的食物来源，我们的营养就会受到影响。”符合语境。 5．根据下文“Many places depend on wildlife for tourism, which makes up over 10% of the world’s GDP.(许多地方依靠野生动植物发展旅游业，旅游业占世界GDP的10%以上)”可推知，本段主要讲述野生动植物对经济的重要性。C项“野生动植物对经济发展至关重要。”符合语境。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 期末复习之七选五15篇 （期末热点话题） 内容导航 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练：主要分为以下三个热点话题 1. 人与自我 2. 人与社会 3. 人与自然 每个话题对应五篇专项练习 人与自我 Passage 1 Fear of public speaking is a common form of worry. But by preparing and practicing, you can get over your fear. Know your topic. The better you understand what you’re talking about — and the more you care about the topic — the less likely you’ll make a mistake or get off track. 1 Get organized. 2 This includes any tools and pictures or videos. The more organized you are, the less nervous you’ll be. Use an outline on a small card to stay on track. 3 Do it for some people you’re comfortable with and ask for advice. It also may help to practice with a few people who you don’t know well. You can make a video of your presentation so you can watch it and see ways to improve. Focus on your material, not the audience. People mainly pay their attention to new information — not how it’s presented. In fact, when presenters are anxious, they tend to overjudge just how much others can tell they’re stressed. 4 If audience members do notice you’re worried, they may encourage you and want your speech to be a success. Don’t fear a moment of silence. If you lose track of what you’re saying or your mind goes empty, it may seem like you’ve been silent for ages. 5 Even if it’s longer, it’s likely your audience won’t mind a break to think about what you’ve been saying. Just take a few slow, deep breaths. A．Practice your presentation several times. B．In fact, it’s probably only a few seconds. C．See if any of your specific worries come true. D．The audience may not notice how nervous you are. E．Take two or more deep, slow breaths during your speech. F．And if you do get lost, you’ll be able to get back on track quickly. G．Ahead of time, carefully plan out the information you want to present. Passage 2 Building self-esteem is significant because it directly impacts how you view and care for yourself, influencing your overall well-being. High self-esteem often reflects healthy self-care practices. 1 To that end, we can observe the following golden rules to achieve healthy self-esteem. Write out a list of things you admire about yourself. The goal is to change your negative beliefs about yourself. It can be challenging to sit down and think about our admirable qualities. Yet recognizing your skills or things you like about yourself can improve your self-talk. You can try keeping a journal of what you enjoyed or admired. 2 Stop being a people pleaser. 3 They often put helping others before their own mental health. This can lead to great stress and burnout at work or in life. It’s nice to be helpful and thoughtful when you can. But your self-esteem will suffer when you tie it to the support for others. 4 Those with low self-esteem tend to avoid challenges and new opportunities. This can be due to fears or self-doubt. You should face difficulties bravely and try to pull through rough moments. Thus, you will gain increasing confidence in life. Of course, breaking your comfort shell doesn’t mean throwing yourself into highly dangerous situations. Stop comparing yourself to others. Your progress and self-worth shouldn’t be connected to how well other people are doing. It’s not easy to stop comparing yourself to others. 5 Remind yourself that people only share the best parts of their life online. Don’t let likes on a photo determine your self-worth. A．Step out of your comfort zone. B．Learn to remove your self-doubt. C．Staying away from social media can help this effort. D．However, it’s no easy task to build healthy self-esteem. E．It works wonders for improving the way you see yourself. F．People with poor self-esteem feel dutiful to say yes to requests. G．You need to appreciate your differences when compared to others. Passage 3 In recent years, weight training has experienced an increase in popularity. Whether you’re a seasoned gym goer or someone new to fitness, it’s hard to ignore the growing enthusiasm surrounding weight training. 1 This article explores the reasons, helping you understand why so many people are embracing weight training like never before. The explosion of fitness technology has played a significant role in popularizing weight training. Wearable devices, apps, and online platforms now provide detailed data analysis, helping you track your progress and tailor your workouts. 2 With access to real-time feedback, you can fine-tune your technique and make consistent gains. 3 Fitness culture has undergone a great change, with a growing emphasis on strength and performance over aesthetics (美感). Social media platforms have contributed to this shift by showcasing a diverse range of athletes, trainers, and enthusiasts who celebrate strength and functionality. Another key driver behind the rise in weight training is the growing body of research highlighting its health benefits. Studies have shown that strength training can improve bone density, enhance metabolic health, and reduce the risk of chronic conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. 4 Weight training doesn’t just improve physical health; it also offers significant mental health benefits. Lifting weights can help reduce stress, boost self-confidence, and improve mood. The focus required to perform lifts with proper form provides a meditative (冥想的) quality. 5 Additionally, the sense of accomplishment that comes with achieving a new personal record or mastering a challenging movement can be incredibly empowering. A．You may wonder what has caused this shift. B．This allows you to escape from daily distractions. C．A shift in fitness culture is also an important reason. D．People’s attitudes toward the exercising have changed. E．Smart gym equipment allows for more precise training. F．Additionally, maintaining muscle mass is crucial for healthy aging. G．Therefore, people can try to improve mental health through weight training. Passage 4 In the spring of 2022, after a depressing 58-loss season, the Oklahoma City Thunder sat near the bottom of the NBA standings. 1 In just three seasons it rocketed from the bottom to the top of the league. How does a team improve so quickly? That question isn’t just about basketball. It’s about how any group can learn, adapt, and succeed in an age of accelerated change. During the past few years, my colleagues and I have been investigating a question: What do the best teams do differently? 2 And we collected detailed data on how their teams set priorities, make decisions, and cooperate. To identify members of high-performing teams, we had workers rate their team’s effectiveness and industry performance. Those rated highest were called “superteams”. 3 Superteams share three key strengths. Firstly, they get more done by managing time, energy, and attention more efficiently. Secondly, their members actively make one another better. Thirdly, they’re constantly building new skills and improving over time. It is that last strength that the Thunder has clearly mastered. 4 It’s part of a pattern that has defined the organization since it moved to Oklahoma City in 2008. After its arrival, the team entered a full rebuild, putting long-term progress before instant results. Yet in just four seasons it reached the NBA Finals, in 2012. The Thunder’s story is a reminder that success grows from the pursuit of improvement, the decisive leaders who spot and solve problems, and the motivated teams that cooperate well. Those are the habits that turn good teams into superteams. 5 A．But something remarkable happened. B．They work together towards the same goal. C．Its rapid rise over the past few years is not an accident. D．We found that superteam leaders are more likely to support employees. E．Any team can develop them, whether in basketball, business, or beyond. F．To find out, we surveyed over 6,000 knowledge workers across various industries. G．Among those superteams, the secret to high performance looked remarkably similar. Passage 5 I’ve discovered that developing strong family bonds doesn’t happen by accident. 1 . Here’s what I’ve learned about strengthening those all-important ties. First of all, regular communication is absolutely key. You can’t develop a deep connection with someone if you’re not regularly sharing your thoughts and feelings with them. Make it a point to have daily conversations with each member of your family, even if it’s just a quick chat over breakfast or a text message during the day. 2 Another crucial aspect is spending quality time together as a family. This doesn’t mean you need to plan luxurious outings or vacations. Simple activities like cooking dinner together, playing board games on a rainy afternoon, or going for evening walks can do wonders for bringing the family closer together. 3 . Everyone has their own interests and passions — recognizing this fact enriches our relationships rather than distancing us from one another. Encourage your family members to pursue their hobbies and support them in their endeavors. Practicing forgiveness comes in at number four on my list of tips. 4 . It’s how we deal with the conflicts that truly matters. Harboring anger divides families while forgiving brings us back together. Finally, let me tell you about the power of traditions. 5 . Be it celebrating holidays in special ways or having unique bedtime rituals, traditions create shared memories that every member cherishes deeply. Whether you’re a parent, grandparent, or sibling, I’m confident these tips can help you strengthen your family bonds. It’s not always an easy process but the rewards are truly immeasurable! A．They act like glue holding families together. B．The important thing is that everyone feels heard and understood. C．Respecting each other’s individuality also plays an essential role. D．Intentional behaviors don’t ensure harmony among family members. E．Setting strict rules for screen time ensures healthier family interactions. F．It’s a result of consistent efforts, shared experiences, and respect for each other. G．Disagreements will unavoidably arise within families since humans make errors. 人与社会 Passage 1 For children, being able to get online can be both good and bad. On the good side, digital technology can connect a child to information and to a much larger community. It helps them learn new things beyond textbooks and make more friends. But on the bad side, it can also bring great harm and stress. 1 Being online has many benefits. 2 We honestly believe that — especially for kids in places where possibilities are few or for children who are disabled — it is completely clear that the Internet is especially useful and is already offering children a better chance to grow. 3 For example, in Europe, 88% of children are online. Yet, in Africa, the number is only 40%. These offline children are missing out on the benefits offered by the Internet. According to a recent UNICEF report, one in three Internet users around the world is a child. Nowadays, countless children across the world are spending a lot of time online. 4 Worse still, few steps are taken to protect kids from dangers in the digital world. For example, many children around the world have a digital footprint (足迹) before they can actually walk and make real footprints. Nowadays, a child’s medical records may be stored in the cloud. 5 But making all this personal information public may put a child at risk. These risks include the misuse of children’s private information, getting to harmful content and cyberbullying. A．Actually, it does more harm than good. B．Children can express themselves freely online. C．In fact, getting to the Internet can change a child’s life. D．But around one-third of the world’s youth lack Internet access. E．This is especially true to children who use the Internet unwisely. F．Yet little is known about digital technology’s influence on their well-being. G．As children grow, they may share their personal details, photos or videos online. Passage 2 The Disadvantage of Creating Good Habits Habits create the basis for mastery (精通). In chess, after the basic movements become automatic (自动的), a player can focus on the next level of the game. Each unit of information that is memorized opens up the mental space for more effortful thinking. This is true in any case. When you can perform the simple movements without thinking, you are free to pay attention to more advanced details. 1 However, the benefits of habits come at a cost. At first, each repetition develops fluency, speed, and skill. But then as a habit becomes automatic, you become less sensitive to feedback. 2 It becomes easier to ignore mistakes. When you can do it “well enough” automatically, you stop thinking about how to do it better. 3 In reality, you are merely reinforcing (强化) your current habits — not improving them. 4 To achieve top levels of performance, you need an improved approach. You can’t repeat the same things blindly and expect to become excellent. What you need is a combination of automatic habits and deliberate (刻意的) practice. After one habit has been mastered, you have to return to the effortful part of the work and begin building the next habit. Old tasks become easier the second time around, but it doesn’t get easier overall because now you’re pouring your energy into the next challenge. 5 It’s an endless cycle. A．You fall into mindless repetition. B．Next, you will get more positive feedback. C．Each habit unlocks the next level of performance. D．Habits are necessary, but not enough for mastery. E．With habits like these, you will get better without extra effort. F．In this way, habits are essential for any pursuit of excellence. G．You assume you’re getting better because you’re gaining experience. Passage 3 Once a year in a small mountain village, the Mande people gather to hear the folk (民间的) stories of their traditions. The man playing an instrument called Sosso-Bala while singing is the storyteller. The storyteller holds all the folk knowledge of the Mande people. Most of us don’t have a musical instrument that ties us together, but we have someone in our lives who’s the keeper of our folk knowledge. Often it’s the grandmother who keeps all our stories of wisdom ready to tell upon request. 1 What’s the best way to get a baby to sleep? Where do I come from? How can we raise children? Each story provides an answer. It’s useful that we speak with someone who knows how things are done. 2 Researchers have documented folk knowledge in other species like whales returning to parts of the sea that they’d given up a generation before or monkeys that communicate hunting skills to their younger generations. Folk knowledge is not only culture, it’s also survival. 3 Traditionally, we share it in small units — families sharing around a dinner table. 4 Look at any social medium, and you’ll see folk knowledge at work and at play. It explodes as we’re trained to look for information online, rather than from within. In this case, chances are that our questions can be answered with misinformation.   But we don’t really gather once a year to check our “folk stories” as the Mande people do; nor do we center our folk traditions around a musical instrument. The Internet has no reality except its own and, left unchecked, its wisdom isn’t systematic. 5 So we should be careful with the kind of “folk stories” we find on the Internet. A．It’s just confusion. B．This is why we do it. C．Human wisdom has been passed down through generations. D．The stories can be useful for dealing with all kinds of doubts. E．Nowadays, folk knowledge has increased to digital networks. F．Now the Internet has made valuable folk wisdom at your fingertips. G．Recently, we discovered that this very human practice isn’t limited to humans. Passage 4 Adults should be getting at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity (中等强度) exercise every week, according to the Physical Activity Guidelines published recently. The guidelines advise adults to do muscle-strengthening activities of moderate or greater intensity at least twice per week. 1 “Engaging in a variety of exercises is definitely beneficial,” Voos, who is head team doctor for a football team, said. “Your body needs different ranges of motion, strength and stability. 2 ” This is especially true for children. Sports medicine experts have long encouraged kids to play multiple sports and not to specialize in one at a young age. A lot of data on the topic shows children who specialize in a sport when young have an increased risk of injury. 3 They are less bored with exercise and enjoy greater sports achievements when they are older. 4 Voos said football players at training camp might do a lot of conditioning one day, then work on flexibility and balance the next, then move onto strength training, all of which is intermixed with playing football. “So even at the highest levels, our athletes are exposing their bodies to different motions,” Voos said. Another plus to shaking things up with your exercise routine, especially if you prefer one activity, is that it helps prevent the plateau (高原) effect. 5 That’s because your body has become very efficient at the movements. To overcome such pauses, you need to change your movement routine and stimulate your body in different ways. While changing up your exercise is important for many reasons, experts don’t have specific recommendations for how many different exercises you need to do each week or month to achieve the most benefit. But it’s important to work all of your muscle groups each week, if possible, to strengthen them all. A．However, the children who don’t specialize tend to be healthier. B．This is a period of time when progress in your favored sport stops. C．They also note that varying your exercises can prevent overuse injuries. D．But adults and even professional athletes need to vary their routines, too. E．Cross-training lets your body see all of those different movements each week. F．So they say even simple exercises done at work or home are beneficial, too. G．Those who have the largest amount in their physical activity live the longest. Passage 5 When you think of jogging, you probably imagine people running at a steady, energetic pace. But have you ever heard of running at a snail’s pace on purpose? 1 Slow jogging has gained worldwide popularity because it solves a common problem that many runners push too hard and end up getting hurt. After decades of research, scientists have found running at a conversational pace is ideal. 2 In other words, you get all the rewards of running without wearing down your body. That is exactly where slow jogging shows its biggest advantage. The technique itself is surprisingly simple. You run at about 2-4 kilometers per hour, which is actually slower than many people walk. 3 Remember to use short, quick steps so your feet barely leave the ground. This significantly reduces the impact on your knees and joints, making the movement gentle on the body. 4 Studies show that slow jogging for 30 minutes a day, five times a week, can improve heart health, lung function, and even help with weight control. Because it is so gentle, older adults, beginners, and even people recovering from injuries can join in without fear. Perhaps the best part is how easy it is to get started. 5 Just put on comfortable shoes and head outside. No complicated plans, no pressure to hit a certain speed, but just you and the road. So next time you see someone moving at what looks like a very relaxed run, don’t laugh. They might just be onto something big. A．This practice is known as “slow jogging”. B．Slow jogging is of great benefit to your mind. C．The health benefits go far beyond injury prevention. D．You don’t need any special equipment or a gym membership. E．Getting started requires health awareness and great determination. F．The key skill is to land on the middle of your foot rather than your heel. G．This pace provides health benefits while carrying a lower risk of injury. 人与自然 Passage 1 Poyang Lake: A Paradise for Migratory (迁徙的) Birds On a viewing platform at Poyang Lake, a group of students are excitedly watching thousands of birds flying and resting in the wetlands. This lively scene is the result of China’s great efforts in wetland protection. Poyang Lake, China’s largest freshwater lake, serves as a vital stop on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Every winter, about 700,000 birds of nearly 400 species stay here. This includes most of the world’s Siberian white cranes (白鹤). 1 For these migratory birds, the long journey starts in northeast China, passes through many wetlands, and finally ends at this warm lake. To protect the lake and its wildlife, many effective measures have been taken. The reserve now uses high-definition cameras, drones, and AI technology to monitor birds 24 hours a day. 2 And this technology helps rangers spot sick birds or illegal activities quickly. 3 A complete fishing ban and strict pollution rules have greatly improved the water quality. The government has also set aside specific areas for the birds to find food. With more fish and plants in the lake, the birds now have enough food to survive the winter. Local communities also play an important role. In the past, some villagers made a living by fishing or farming near the lake, which disturbed the birds. 4 Many former fishermen have become bird watchers or tour guides. They now realize that a healthy lake brings more visitors and a better life. International support is also key to this success. Projects supported by global organizations train workers and show that protection and development can go together. 5 The return of rare birds proves that years of hard work have finally paid off. A．Now, the situation has completely changed. B．This lake is not just a resting place, but an important destination for their survival. C．As a result, the number of tourists visiting the lake has dropped sharply. D．Many countries along the flyway have joined hands to protect the habitats. E．This advanced system collects data without disturbing birds. F．However, technology is not the only solution. G．Nevertheless, the water quality in the lake is still getting worse. Passage 2 There is no specific age for a plant to be considered mature. However, a plant’s ability to live long has two limitations. First, a plant may no longer be able to send water to all parts because it lacks water pressure in the xylem, one of the two transport tissues in certain plants. Second, it may not be able to support the weight of its body at a certain point. 1 One thing that makes plants different from animals is their growth areas, called meristems, which can stay forever young and renewable. Meristems are plant tissues composed of unspecialized cells which are capable of cell division. They contain stem cells (干细胞) which can become any type of specialized cell. 2 No matter how plants are cared for, they will die at some point due to the process of aging. 3 As a result, they will fail to renew their parts and ultimately die. In humans and animals, old age and death are usually characterized by a lack of brain cell function. 4 It starts when the telomeres (端粒) in the DNA shorten. These DNA caps shorten until there are no more left to protect the DNA, resulting in a release of proteins within the plant. These proteins then cause apoptosis, which leads to cell death. 5 For instance, this process can be promoted by plant hormones (激素) or growth regulators. Seasonal and environmental changes can affect the balance of these hormones, which can give rise to biochemical processes within the plant. A．Over time, their cell division slows and stops. B．There are several factors that can affect aging. C．Therefore, plants present various looks within a day. D．However, animals hardly have such a kind of problem. E．This is often seen in trees that have branched out too much. F．This means they can regenerate parts of the plant as needed. G．While plants have no nervous system, they experience aging. Passage 3 Autumn is a good time to plan for new flowers or plans for next year’s growing season. 1 It is easier to improve soil before plants are in place, so the time to do so is now. 2 Next, test to see how acidic or basic the soil is, also called a pH test. In some countries, the tests are reasonably priced and easy to find. Some universities in the United States have agricultural offices offering low-cost testing services to home gardeners. 3 If the reading is outside the normal range for a plant, it will not be able to take in nutrients to its best abilities, whether from soil or fertilizer. So, learn their pH requirements, and prepare the soil if necessary for the plants. Leftover fallen autumn leaves are also good for gardens. 4 If possible, break them into small pieces. Then spread 7 to 10 centimeters of compost (堆肥), or food and vegetable waste, over the leaves. Place 5 to 8 centimeters of mulch (覆盖物) over the compost to keep unwanted plants from growing over the winter and moderate soil temperature and wetness over the winter. By spring, the soil will become softer for easier planting. 5 The new garden will do well with the rich, organic environment that has been created. And the garden will show this hard work with beautiful flowers and productive vegetables. And they will be healthier and better to withstand unwanted organisms and diseases. A．Doing so could damage soil structure. B．The key to success starts with good soil. C．Push the mulch away and place your plants. D．First, remove unwanted plants from the area. E．Keep some of them on garden beds and borders. F．Each kind of plant will do best in specific pH levels. G．The compost will feed helpful bacteria and other organisms. Passage 4 As global temperatures continue to rise at an alarming pace, scientists are sounding the alarm. Even a 2℃ — 3℃ increase in global average temperature could put roughly 20% — 30% of land species at risk of extinction. When talking about solutions to climate change, people often focus on trees and forests. 1 Seagrass is a marine plant that forms underwater meadows (草甸) in shallow coastal waters. These meadows give protection to sea animals, such as fish, turtles and crabs. 2 It helps stop coastal damage and lessens the power of big waves in storms. But beyond these ecological benefits, seagrass meadows are now recognized as one of nature’s most efficient carbon sinks. 3 It uses chlorophyll, a green material in plants, to take in sunlight, which helps it break down water and turn carbon dioxide into useful materials for growth. What makes seagrass special, however, is its ability to store carbon in sand and mud on the seabed. When seagrass dies, its leaves and roots fall to the ocean floor. The thick plants slow down water flow, letting carbon-rich waste settle and become buried. With little oxygen on the seabed, things break down very slowly. 4 Sometimes it can be centuries. While forests are widely known for carbon storage, they are also easily damaged. Forest fires, for example, can rapidly release previously stored carbon back into the atmosphere. 5 They also exist in stable underwater environments. Although they cover just 0.2% of the ocean floor, they are responsible for capturing an estimated 48 to 112 million tons of carbon annually. A．They are perfect habitats for sea animals. B．Seagrass holds the bottom of the sea with its roots. C．On the other hand, seagrass meadows hardly catch fire. D．Unfortunately, seagrass ecosystems are on the decrease. E．Just like land plants, seagrass carries out photosynthesis (光合作用). F．But there is another little-known important helper: seagrass. G．That’s why the carbon remains trapped there for a long time. Passage 5 When you hear the term “wildlife”, you might picture animals. However, many conservation guidelines and related fields cover both plants and animals. These living things are not introduced by humans but are found wild. Actually, different wildlife live in every ecosystem, including forests, oceans, deserts, and more. 1 Here are some reasons. Wildlife maintains balance in ecosystems. Every living thing is connected. If even just one organism becomes threatened or extinct, it has an effect on the entire ecosystem. It disrupts the food chain, sending shockwaves through the environment. What’s worse, threats to species rarely happen in isolation. 2 Diversity means healthier ecosystems. When discussing wildlife, you’ll often hear the term “biodiversity”. This refers to the number of species in an ecosystem. Healthy ecosystems have a lot of diversity. 3 If there are fewer plant species, a disease that affects them spreads faster and more effectively. Wildlife provides nutrients for humans. Everything we eat comes from either an animal or a plant originally. While we don’t eat as much “wildlife” as we used to because the food supply chain has become so industrial, crops and animals were wildlife at one point. 4 Protecting wildlife and natural habitats strengthens food security around the world. 5 Wildlife conservation areas and preserved natural habitats attract visitors from all over the world. Many places depend on wildlife for tourism, which makes up over 10% of the world’s GDP. Countries like Brazil, Australia, Kenya, and more are especially dependent on tourism. Without wildlife, the economy of many countries would suffer significantly. A．Why does wildlife matter? B．Wildlife has cultural significance. C．Wildlife is important for the economy. D．Why can they live in harmony with each other? E．Without a variety of food sources, our nutrition suffers. F．Thus, protecting every species is vital for maintaining ecosystems. G．And a wide variety of plants means greater productivity and better health. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $