专题04 阅读理解（期末复习专项训练）高一英语下学期沪外版

**基本信息** 聚焦高中英语期末阅读理解，按应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文分类训练，覆盖细节理解、推理判断等核心题型，系统提升语言理解与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |应用文|3篇|信息查找、细节比对|以人物介绍、活动通知为载体，考查快速定位关键信息能力| |记叙文|5篇|事件梳理、情感推断|通过人物故事、历史事件，训练叙事逻辑与深层含义理解| |说明文|4篇|说明对象、说明方法|围绕文化现象、科学发现，培养客观信息整合与逻辑分析能力| |议论文|4篇|论点识别、论据分析|针对社会议题、观点辩论，提升批判性思维与论证结构把握能力|

专题04 阅读理解（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 应用文（3篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海市甘泉外国语中学·高一下·期中） Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains The book mainly presents us with the American Indian leaders of the past. It features many profiles and biographies including Sitting Bull, Red Cloud, Little Crow and Lozen Quanah etc. written by author Charles Eastman, and I’m sure you will be interested in it. Name: Sitting Bull Birth: 1831         Death: 12-15-1890 He was a great hero and is respected by many American Indians. In a 1997 documentary, The Great Tribes, he was known as a holy man, a composer of songs and an artist. Under him, the Sioux and Cheyenne Nations unified. He was advised to go on a European tour in 1887, but he turned it down to defend these two nations from being separated again. He led his people during years of resistance to United States government policies and was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation. Name: Crazy Horse Birth: 1842         Death: 9-5-1877 Crazy Horse was a legendary warrior (勇士) and a gentle leader as well as a brave man who stood for the highest ideal of the Sioux, celebrated for his battle skills as well as his efforts to preserve Native American traditions and way of life. Resisting efforts to force the Sioux on to reservations, he fought alongside Sitting Bull and others in the American-Indian Wars. Charles Eastman described him in his book Indian Heroes as “a man of deeds and not of words” . Name: Red Cloud Birth: 1822         Death: 12-10-1909 He was against the movement of the white settlers into the Black Hills. In 1868, he refused to sign a treaty (条约), which stated that the Black Hills didn’t belong to the Lakota people. The treaty also stated that these areas couldn’t be entered without the government’s permission. According to Eastman’s book Indian Heroes, he was said to have fought against the treaty, forcing the government to give in and pull out of the area. Name: Lozen Quanah Birth: late 1840s         Death: 1890 Known as the youngest sister of Red Cloud, she devoted herself to the people. She was described in Peter Aleshire’s Warrior Woman as a heroine good at riding horses and using a bow and arrow to drive attackers away. This skill was considered to be “one of the most honored skills among the Indians”. 1．Which of the following is NOT true about Crazy Horse? A．He was friendly to his soldier. B．He was a great talker. C．He showed great courage. D．He was respected. 2．From the passage we can infer that ________. A．Sitting Bull disliked traveling B．Indian Heroes was a book on Indian history C．in the 1850s Indian women were not allowed to ride horses D．in the 1880s Indian soldiers were mainly armed with bows and arrows 3．The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A．show Indians’ lives to readers B．show the history of the Indians C．describe great Indian heroes and heroines D．comment on a history book Passage 2 （2025 上海市进才中学·高一下·期末） Van Gogh experienced a mental disorder Experts analyzed van Gogh’s medical records and hundreds of his letters, and interviewed three historians specializing in the artist. They believe that the findings point to the artist having experienced two periods of mental disorder in the final years of his life. These may have been caused in part by enforced withdrawal from alcohol, upon which van Gogh was increasingly dependent. HS2 dig shows magical marks Medieval graffiti (中世纪涂鸦) found in the remains of a church in Buckinghamshire may have been created to ward off bad spirits which is considered negative at that time, experts suggest. The marks, found carved into stones in the ruined church, likely date from the 12th century. It’s among the discoveries made as work continues on Britain’s new high-speed HS2 rail line, which is set to begin operation from 2029. End of the Stone Age saw monumental building rise The final years of the Neolithic period (新石器时代) were marked by intense building activity and the construction of several large monuments in Britain, a new study suggests. Analysis of a henge (巨石阵) at Mount Pleasant in Dorset shows that it took between 35 and 125years to build, rather than centuries, as previously thought. Experts assume that the effort may have been inspired by a sense that times were changing. First settlers in North America used dog hair for clothing Finding a landscape short of animals to domesticate, the first humans to arrive in North America bred the dogs that traveled with them from Eurasia for hunting, for labor and, most often, for fur. That’s a theory suggested by a study of 170,000 dogs’ bones found in the northwest of North America. Their hair may have been made into yarn (纱线) for use in clothing, experts suggest. 4．What does the phrase ward off mean in the second paragraph? A．prevent B．cause C．invade D．reverse 5．Which of the following statement is true? A．Van Gogh’s mental disorder was completely caused by alcohol. B．HS2 dig is meant to discover Medieval ruins. C．The Neolithic period lasted about 35 to 125 years. D．First settlers in North America raised dogs mainly for fur. 6．Who are probably the target readers of the text? A．Animal protectors. B．Scientific researchers. C．City architects. D．History lovers. Passage 3 （2025 上海市浦东新区·高一下·期末） David Attenborough David Attenborough was born in 1926 and grew up near the grounds of the University of Leicester, where his father was the principal. This early environment sparked his interest in animals and zoology. He has had a long and remarkable career in broadcasting. His nature documentaries have educated and inspired countless people around the world. Over 50 organisms have been named after him, including various species of insects, flowering plants and even a marine reptile from the Jurassic period. His first TV programme with the BBC was a 1959 documentary about the coelacanth, an ancient group of fish once thought to be extinct. Malala Yousafzai Malala Yousafzai was born in Mingora, Pakistan on 12 July 1997. Her father, a teacher, ran a girls’ school, and he was determined to give her every opportunity a boy would have. Malala loved going to school. However, in 2008, the Taliban took control of her town in the Swat Valley. Many things were banned, and Malala became a target for speaking out about girls’ right to education. Despite being attacked, she survived and continued to fight for education. She is the youngest ever Nobel Prize recipient, an inspiration to people around the world for her courage and determination. Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela was a great leader in South Africa. He was born into a royal family of the Xhosa-speaking Thembu tribe. Mandela studied law at university. He dedicated his life to fighting against racial segregation (种族隔离). He was imprisoned for many years but never gave up his beliefs. After his release, he played a crucial role in bringing about peaceful change in South Africa and became the country’s first black president. His struggle and achievements have made him a symbol of freedom and equality worldwide. Usain Bolt Usain Bolt is a world-famous Jamaican sprinter (短跑选手). He was born in 1986. Bolt showed great athletic talent from a young age. He has set numerous world records in track and field events, especially in the 100-metre, 200-metre and 4×100-metre relay races. His speed and dominance on the track have earned him many Olympic gold medals and made him one of the most iconic athletes of all time. He has inspired a generation of athletes to strive for excellence in sports. 7．What led to David Attenborough’s interest in animals and zoology? A．Growing up near the University of Leicester. B．His father’s job as a principal. C．His first TV programme. D．Naming organisms after him. 8．Why was Malala Yousafzai in danger? A．Because she won the Nobel Prize. B．Because her father ran a girls’ school. C．Because she fought against the Taliban. D．Because she advocated for girls’ education. 9．What was Nelson Mandela’s major contribution? A．He fought for the rights of the royal family. B．He became the first president of South Africa. C．He ended racial segregation in South Africa. D．He studied law to help the poor. 10．What is Usain Bolt famous for? A．His talent in various sports. B．His numerous world records in sprinting. C．Inspiring people to do sports. D．Winning many gold medals in different events. 语篇类型二: 记叙文（5篇） Passage 1 （2025上海市青浦高级中学·高一下·期末） A father from New York, Nick Tomasso, accidentally started a yearly photo tradition with his son Jackson that shows how the boy grows over time. The photos, which began when Jackson was a baby, feature the two wearing matching Batman T-shirts. It all started by chance. When Jackson was very little, Nick once wore a Batman T-shirt and also dressed his son in a Batman onesie (连体衣). He thought it would be a cute picture and took one. The next year, they happened to wear new Batman shirts again, so Nick took another photo without remembering the first one. By the third year, Nick realized he had created a tradition without planning to. He then decided to continue it every year. Nick had shared these photos on his private social media over the years. Recently, he posted a collage (拼图) of the pictures on Reddit, and the story became very popular online. Many people loved seeing the changes in the father and son. For Nick, the best part is looking back at how his son has grown. He also finds the tradition a good way to bond with Jackson, as they both like superheroes. Nick plans to keep taking these photos as long as possible. He thinks it will be funny to see when Jackson becomes taller than him. Though Nick doesn’t have special plans for the photos, he may make a collage or a video for his son’s important birthdays. For him, the tradition is not just about pictures — it’s about recording time and the love between a father and his son. 1．How did the tradition begin according to the first two paragraphs? A．Jackson asked his father to start it. B．It was suggested by one Internet user. C．It happened by accident in the first two years. D．Nick planned it carefully for his social media. 2．What does Nick enjoy most about this tradition? A．Becoming famous online. B．Teaching his son about superheroes. C．Buying new Batman shirts every year. D．Seeing his son’s growth over the years. 3．What does the underlined word “bond” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Connect. B．Argue. C．Compete. D．Disagree. 4．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．The interest of superhero kids. B．The story of a father-son photo tradition. C．The collection of different Batman shirts. D．The role of Reddit in a father-son tradition. Passage 2 （2025上海市进才中学·高一下·期末） Frances Arnold has always been a rebel (叛逆者). Her willingness to question authority and make her own way helped her earn the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her pioneering work in ‌“directed evolution of enzymes (酶)”. Getting there, though, required Arnold to enhance her innovative effort in a process that took decades. Arnold, 64, grew up in a conservative family in a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. At the age of 15, she left home to seek an independent life. She found her own apartment in the city and worked a number of jobs to get by — while still attending high school. The experience taught her valuable life lessons. ‌“I’m not a follower,” she says, ‌“I had to do my thing in my own way and often it was the hard way.” Arnold eventually gave in to her family. She applied to the Mechanical Engineering Department at Princeton University, her dad’s alma mater (母校). After graduating in 1979, she briefly took up jobs in solar technology before realizing it was not where her passion lay. Her determination to make a difference, however, remained unchanged. She went back to school to earn advanced degrees in chemical engineering at the University of California at Berkeley. When she completed her postdoctoral work there in 1986, Arnold joined the faculty at Caltech and has since been working there in the fields of chemical engineering, bioengineering and biochemistry. In terms of research potential, her timing was perfect. The world of DNA was just opening up. Gene splicing (基因剪接) technology was new. ‌“We were hoping to make the code of life work for us,” Arnold recalls. At the time it was a complicated, laborious process that required knowing which changes in the DNA would lead to whatever traits the researchers wanted to change. To make a useful medicine, for instance, the responsible gene had to be modified. Never one to follow the crowd, she thought she had a better idea — use evolution, because DNA was ‌“composed by evolution over the millennia”. Her vision was to speed it up and make it work for us. ‌“Humans have been creating new forms of life by artificial selection for thousands of years,” she says. ‌“From corn to hairless cats, we’ve been modifying DNA to serve us by choosing who goes on to parent the next generation.” She decided to breed proteins that had the traits she was interested in. And as it turned out, proteins were able to adapt quickly to new demands that were being placed upon them. ‌“To me, (directed evolution) seemed obvious,” she recalls. This was not true for everyone. ‌“I got a lot of pushback. People were telling me the only proper way was to sit down and design genes.” Despite the pressure, Arnold persevered. In part, it was her determination and courage. But she doesn’t claim credit for herself. ‌“Anything I do is small. But I enlarge that by sharing ideas with other people,” she says, ‌“They gave me the Nobel Prize really because my ideas were magnified by so many other people.” 5．Which of the following is true about Arnold? A．She never listened to what her parents said. B．She didn’t know early on that her interest was in studying DNA． C．She had to take several part-time jobs to put her through college. D．She applied to study engineering because it’s the best major in his father’s alma mater. 6．Which of the following is not the function of DNA before Arnold’s research? A．To make effective medicine. B．To cultivate plants. C．To change physical features of animals. D．To breed proteins. 7．What is the secret of Arnold’s success? A．Her optimistic attitude towards life. B．Her natural curiosity about everything. C．Her willingness and courage to take an unusual path. D．Her passion for making a difference in the scientific world. 8．What is the best title for the passage? A．The magic of the modification of DNA B．The unusual path to the Nobel Prize C．Being straightforward and stubborn works D．The power of team work in the scientific world Passage 3 （2025上海市浦东新区·高一下·期末） The Old Man and the Sea, written by Ernest Hemingway, is a timeless novella about an aging Cuban fisherman named Santiago. For eighty-four consecutive days, Santiago struggles without catching a single fish, becoming a symbol of bad luck in his small coastal village. His young apprentice, Manolin, admires Santiago deeply but is forced by his parents to leave the old man’s boat and join a more successful fisherman. Despite his loneliness and the villagers’ pity, Santiago remains determined. On the eighty-fifth day, he ventures far into the Gulf Stream, where he hooks a massive marlin — a fish larger than his own boat. The marlin drags Santiago’s boat for two days and nights. The old man, weakened by hunger and exhaustion, battles the fish with every ounce of strength, refusing to surrender. “Pain does not matter to a man,” he whispers, embodying his code of resilience. When he finally kills the marlin, he ties it to the side of his boat, only to face a new threat: sharks attracted by the marlin’s blood. Santiago fights fiercely with makeshift weapons — harpoons, oars, and even a knife — but the sharks strip the marlin to its skeleton. Returning to shore, Santiago collapses in his hut. Though he brings back nothing but bones, the village marvels at the skeleton’s size, and Manolin weeps at the old man’s injuries. Hemingway’s story is a celebration of human endurance: Santiago proves that defeat in action can coexist with victory in spirit. 9．What is the main conflict in the story? A．Santiago’s battle with the marlin and sharks. B．Santiago’s struggle against poverty. C．Manolin’s conflict with his parents. D．The villagers’ distrust of Santiago. 10．Why does Manolin leave Santiago? A．He wants to learn from a richer fisherman. B．His parents force him to leave. C．He loses faith in Santiago’s luck. D．Santiago asks him to go. 11．What does the marlin symbolize in the story? A．Unpredictable nature. B．The failure of effort. C．A test of Santiago’s determination. D．The village’s scorn. 12．What theme does Hemingway emphasize in The Old Man and the Sea? A．The importance of wealth. B．The loneliness of old age. C．The danger of the ocean. D．The power of perseverance. Passage 4 （2025上海市控江中学·高一下·期末） The Battle of Gettysburg was fought between July 1 and July 3,1863. It was one of the bloodiest battles in the American Civil War, with over 51,000 casualties (伤亡人员). Abraham Lincoln was asked to deliver a message at the dedication of the Gettysburg Civil War Cemetery on November 19,1863. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The featured speaker for the occasion was Edward Everett, a former dean of Harvard University, and one of the most famous orators (演说家) of his day. It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while on his way to Gettysburg. Later that night, alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. His speech lasted an hour and 57 minutes and it was a perfect example of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15,000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for less than three minutes, and the photographer standing in front of him didn’t even have time to take a picture. The speech was over almost before it began. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and said, “I have failed again.” But little by little, as people read the speech, they began to like its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made. Now it is recognized as one of the most powerful statements in the English language and, in fact, one of the most important expressions of freedom and liberty-in-any language. Indeed, Everett afterward wrote to Lincoln “I wish that I could flatter myself that I had come as near to the central idea of the occasion in two hours as you did in two minutes.” 13．Lincoln was invited to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery, as ________. A．he had made great contributions to the Civil War B．he was one of the most popular orators of his day C．he was president of the United States at the time D．he was a friend of the featured speaker Everett 14．It can be learned from the passage that ________. A．Lincoln made the speech in the hope that the war would end B．Lincoln seemed not to have had a lot of time to prepare his speech C．it was the first time that Lincoln’s speech had ended in failure D．it was on the train to Gettysburg that Lincoln redrafted his speech 15．In the last paragraph, “the central idea” probably refers to ________. A．freedom and liberty B．fame and wealth C．power of language D．recognition of the public 16．From what Everett wrote to Lincoln, we learn that ________. A．he felt a bit jealous about Lincoln’s success B．he regretted making a speech in Lincoln’s presence C．he thought Lincoln’s speech was short but powerful D．he was confident in his ability to make a better speech next time Passage 5 （2025上海市上海交通大学附属中学·高一下·期末） At 45, I noticed my first gray hairs, and my hairdresser claimed she had a special elixir (灵丹妙药) to naturally and almost undetectably mask them. Unsure whether to start this operation, I studied my reflection, realizing the gray was more widespread than I had admitted. Instead of merely threading between darker hairs, the gray had taken over large sections of my head, particularly on the sides and back. “I suggest we leave some in,” my hairdresser proposed, “just enough to make you look distinguished.” I nodded, but the word “distinguished” felt like a polite synonym for “old”. For seven years, I followed this monthly ritual, each time hoping to hide the gray, though my wife insisted that gray hair looked great on men my age, pointing to silver-haired celebrities like George Clooney and Anderson Cooper. They were silver foxes, and I envied their confident acceptance of their aging looks. One afternoon, my wife broke her silence, telling me my hair had turned green from the dye. She suggested I let my natural gray come through. In an attempt to accept this change, I visited a beauty shop in Missoula, Montana. The stylist advised me to shave it off. Week by week, my gray hair grew back, forcing me to face up to my aging appearance with a new clarity. The final push came at a New York City sandwich shop. After taking my order, one of the girls behind the counter asked if she could ask me something. The girl, who appeared to be 18 or so, followed with something like: “It’s not that I think you look old or anything, but when was doo-wop? Do you remember? Doo-wop music? When was that? The’ 50s? The’ 40s?” “Late’50s, early’60s,” I said coolly. Did the girl really think that I’d been on the scene then, or did she merely find me professional, a man who appeared to be rich in general knowledge? “That must have been so cool,” she said. “Walking around hearing singing on all the corners!” I suddenly found my gray hair was nothing bad. Interestingly, I’ve never dyed my hair since then. Now, I have grown comfortable with my gray hair. On good days, I even feel a bit like those silver-haired celebrities. However, I still avoid my old hairdresser, not wanting to confront the failure of our shared secret. Instead, I accept my silver hair as part of who I am. 17．What does the writer’ wife think of his gray hair? A．She believes it makes him look great. B．She suggests he should dye it a different color. C．She thinks it distinguishes him from celebrities. D．She criticizes his decision to stop dyeing his hair. 18．The word “synonym”(paragraph 2)is closest in meaning to ______. A．opposite B．equivalent C．pretense D．behavior 19．How did the girl in the sandwich shop affect the writer? A．She complimented his gray hair, boosting his self-confidence greatly. B．She mentioned an old type of music, trying to check his age. C．She asked him a question, making him feel good about himself. D．She recommended a regular hair dye, influencing his decision to change his hair color. 20．What is the passage mainly about? A．The writer’s journey towards accepting his natural gray hair. B．The writer’s struggle with maintaining his hairstyle over years. C．The writer’s experience with different hairdressers and their advice. D．The writer’s admiration for silver-haired celebrities like George Clooney. 语篇类型三: 说明文（4篇） Passage 1 （2026上海市晋元高级中学·高一下） It was a freezing winter’s day in London. Many customers flocked into a Blank Street store and placed orders for iced matcha lattes. Such is the craze for matcha that fans are willing to risk frostbite(冻疮) to get their hands on one. Blank Street, a coffee-shop chain, claims that it sells some form of the green-tea-based drink “every four seconds” from its 80-odd shops in Britain and America. In Japan, the world’s leading producer of matcha, the export value of tea in 2023 rose by 33% from the previous year. The global market for matcha-based products is worth around $4.24 billion and will grow around 53% by 2029, predicts the Business Research Company, a consultancy. Matcha is big on social media: videos tagged #Matcha on TikTok have more than 15 billion views. Asia is responsible for more than 40% of matcha consumption; as well as going into bottled, premixed drinks, the powder is used in ice cream, biscuits and rice cakes. Matcha is made from ground leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. Tea culture developed in China during the Tang Dynasty. Myoan Eisai, a Japanese monk, came across it while travelling there in the 12th century; he brought seeds back to Japan and wrote a book praising green tea’s benefits, describing it as “the elixir of the immortals.” Matcha later spread through Japanese polite society with the rise of the tea ceremony. What explains the drink’s newfound popularity outside Asia? Matcha experts try to convince people that it is a healthier alternative to coffee. Some studies suggest that green tea’s antioxidants can help stave off (延缓) cardiovascular(心血管的) disease, improve gut health and speed up metabolism (新陈代谢). It also gives a steady boost of energy, compared with the surge and crash of a cup of coffee. A coffee contains around 100-200mg of caffeine; a matcha contains around 70mg, as well as L-theanine, an amino acid (氨基酸), which together improve concentration and alertness. Gen Z and millennials — who drink less coffee than their elders, spend more time online and care about wellness — are seeking it out. The irony is that much of matcha’s growth in the West is driven by flavoured matcha lattes, which are full of sugar. The future may not be all that sweet, however. Tea production in Japan is decreasing, as is the area of land being used for cultivation; farmers are retiring and are put off by rising prices for fertiliser and other essentials. Lovers of the trendy iced beverage may soon feel a chill when it comes to their bill. 1．Which of the following best illustrates the popularity of matcha described in the first three paragraphs? A．Blank Street focuses on selling green tea drinks in all of its stores. B．Matcha has replaced coffee as the most consumed beverage in Western countries. C．The majority of matcha consumption and social media views originate from Asia. D．The global market value of matcha products is predicted to see a significant increase within a few years. 2．What was crucial to the spread of matcha in Japan? A．The official promotion of tea culture in the Tang Dynasty. B．Its wide use in various food products like ice cream and biscuits. C．Its introduction by a monk and its association with the tea ceremony. D．The publication of a book promoting its benefits by a Chinese scholar. 3．What is the main reason for matcha’s growing popularity outside Asia? A．It improves focus and alertness mainly due to its lack of L-theanine. B．It is marketed as a healthier option with a sustained energy boost compared to coffee. C．It contains significantly more caffeine than coffee, providing a stronger stimulant effect. D．Scientific studies have conclusively proven that it can prevent all cardiovascular diseases. 4．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph imply? A．Youngsters will realize that the health benefits of matcha are exaggerated. B．Matcha lattes will likely become less popular due to their overly sweet taste. C．Future matcha products will probably contain less sugar and taste less sweet. D．Challenges of tea production in Japan may lead to higher prices for matcha products. Passage 2 （2025山东省实验中学·高一下） Deep in the forests in the Siem Reap Province, Cambodia, the five lotus-flower-shaped towers of the large Angkor Wat stand tall towards the sky. When tourists arrive at the main gate, they will be attracted to the large temple (庙宇). Angkor Wat was part of a city as big as London. This city was at the center of an empire that covered areas from southern Vietnam to Laos, and from the Mekong River to Eastern Myanmar between the 9th and 15th centuries. By around 1500 A．D．, the Khmer capital was left behind empty, most likely after heavy floods and long droughts. Later, forests were all around the temples and buildings that lay hidden until their rediscovery in 1860. Angkor Wat’s inclusion in UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1992 marked a milestone in the country’s recovery. The action of the protection and development of this cultural site is a typical example of international solidarity and proves to be one of UNESCO’s most important achievements. Thirty countries and a group of experts were brought together to work on scientific projects for the restoration (修复) of these amazing sites. The aim was to support long-term and environmentally friendly progress. Angkor has become a living laboratory showing the beauty of historic buildings. Walking through the temple, people see hundreds of beautiful figures on the walls telling the stories of these ancient people, and long hallways lined with many attractive supports. The fact that Angkor was taken off UNESCO’s List of World Heritage in Danger just twelve years later is a great achievement for most people of Cambodia. A large number of visitors from all over the world make their journey there enjoying the beautiful scenery. The large site now supports 700,000 local people and attracts some five million visitors whose flow (流动量) must be controlled each year. The local organizations in charge are carrying out several projects to encourage better development of the tourism industry. In this way, they hope to improve the lives of communities. 5．What probably caused people to leave the Khmer capital? A．The national wars. B．Its lack of forests. C．The natural disasters. D．Its inconvenient location. 6．What does the underlined word “solidarity” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Joint effort. B．Good judgment. C．High recognition. D．Serious competition. 7．What may Cambodian people take great pride in according to the author? A．The stories about the figures on the temple walls. B．The fact that Angkor is used for scientific studies. C．The good recovery of their cultural sites in a short time. D．The inclusion of Angkor in UNESCO’s World Heritage List. 8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The flow of visitors to Angkor keeps rising. B．Tourism is being improved to benefit local living. C．The public is less worried about Angkor’s natural scenery. D．Tourism has had a negative influence on the local environment. Passage 3 （2025上海市进才中学·高一下·期末） If five-year-olds could read academic research reports, they might be alarmed by what they would find in a recent one from the Stanford Center on Longevity. The report opened with a bit of promising news: “In the United States, demographers (人口统计学家) predict that as many as half of today’s five-year-olds can expect to live to the age of 100.” But that was followed, several pages down, by a haunting prediction: “Over the course of 100-year lives, we can expect to work for 60 years or more.” In the United States, the average retirement age is 62. For most people, 40 or so years of work is more than enough, so the idea of an additional 20 is depressing. Perhaps that’s because we are imagining 60 years of work as it is for many people today: inflexible, all-consuming, poorly matched to the rhythms of life. For the sake of the five-year-olds, we should redesign work. “We work increasingly harder through the years when we’re having children,” said Laura Carstensen, director of the Stanford Center on Longevity. Work and family responsibilities both commonly peak in mid-adulthood. They can be really stressful, especially for women, who primarily bear the heavy burden of childcare. To address this, Carstensen proposes allowing workers to scale their hours up or down throughout their careers, based on their responsibilities outside of paid work. She imagines two parents being able to temporarily reduce their full-time jobs to 20 hours a week when caring for their young children, and then gradually increasing their working hours later on. Under this model, people would work the same amount overall as they do now, but spread work out over more years of their lives. Moreover, working less during life’s “peak periods” would allow people to spend more time on their hobbies and with their friends. This could help avoid exhaustion. At some point in their 20s or 30s, many workers enter a season of life when jobs and families “steal” time from friendships. Temporarily reducing workloads could mitigate (缓和) that shift and allow people to live more varied lives. This vision makes a 60-year career feel manageable, but there are significant barriers to redesigning work in this way. “When we started having dual-earner households, that translated into people buying more stuff,” said Louis Hyman, a historian at Cornell University. So when people stay healthier for longer, it is unlikely that they will be able to opt out of working more. That said, retirement as we know it is a relatively new invention. Until the late 19th century, people typically worked until they were no longer physically able to. What has changed between then and now is that retirement became financially feasible. People’s incomes rose as productivity increased. And in the 1930s, the U. S. government started distributing Social Security payments to support people in their old age. It might be difficult to imagine a more humane style of work becoming the new norm. However, the world we are living in now would have been just as hard to imagine for our ancestors who-practically worked up until the moment they died. 9．What’s the main problem with today’s working career for most people? A．They may have to work full-time for as long as 60 years. B．They feel tired of having to engage in various social activities. C．They find it hard to be promoted when they have children. D．They struggle to balance their work and family commitments in middle age. 10．Which of the following chart might Laura Carstensen agree with about future career? A． B． C． D． 11．What might prevent people from retiring from work in the future? A．Unexpected health problems. B．The increasing desire for consumption. C．The busy schedule of parents. D．The Social Security payment. 12．What can be inferred form the last two paragraphs? A．Retirement is an idea that dates back to the Industrial Revolution. B．Retirement wouldn’t have become possible without economic progress. C．It was impossible for our ancestors to build up savings by doing a full-time job. D．Our ancestors worked until their death because of their poor working conditions. Passage 4 （2025上海市控江中学·高一下·期末） All over the world, from Baltimore to Auckland, coastal cities are facing the same issue: the regeneration of their docklands (码头区). These areas, which were once at the very heart of urban activity, have emptied over time as modern shipping requirements have moved the docks further out of town. The resultant migration of population and decline in commercial activity are two effects which therefore need to be addressed. A key factor in this has been the growth of the container industry, now responsible for over 75% of goods transported worldwide. As a consequence of this, ships have progressively increased in size to such a degree that larger docks are required and more sophisticated and efficient cranes. This has led to the decline of city-centre docks along with services and homes connected to them. Another direct result of this is that ships spend less time in port, and thus there are fewer crew members spending money in these areas. One alternative source of revenue is the cruise industry, with a number of cities building facilities for cruise liners which can bring over 5,000 tourists into a place in one day. As a result of this migration from waterfront areas, hundreds of acres of land have been left to waste away. This has meant in some cities an increase in crime in these parts as gangs have taken control and squatters (擅自占用他人房子的人) have taken up residence. As the situation has got worse, the appeal of these areas for locals or tourists has decreased. This vicious circle can only be broken through redevelopment. Governments, therefore, have had to make important financial and strategic decisions about these waterfronts, whether they are giving onto a river, a lake, a bay or the sea. In Baltimore, for example, the decision was taken to regenerate the docklands as an area for professional offices and small start-ups as well as remarketing the area as a destination for conferences, events, cyclists and urban tourists. This meant that all the services and infrastructure required for these segments had to be put in place. I think the statistics attached prove that the project was a great success, due in part to the consultation and planning stages, which led to a unified plan. In conclusion, I would state that although it is sad to see the decline of such important historical waterfront areas, the resulting renovation can lead to economic and social improvements of great value. I would therefore strongly advocate regeneration plans which bring services, activity and people back to these wastelands and which restore them to an important role in the city. 13．The second paragraph is mainly about ________. A．changes in shipping B．the decline of the docklands C．a solution to docklands’ decline D．the rise of the cruise industry 14．Migration from the docklands had led to ________. A．poverty B．homelessness C．an increase in crime D．less appealing residences 15．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Baltimore handled the planning stages well. B．The Baltimore regeneration was mainly for tourists. C．These days, crew members spend a lot of time in port spending money. D．Overall, the author is not in favour of the regeneration of dockland areas. 16．The last paragraph offers ________. A．a regeneration plan that is worth advocating B．another example of renovation that succeeds C．an accurate prediction about waterfronts’ future D．the author’s perspective on improving waterfront areas 语篇类型三: 议论文（4篇） Passage 1 （2024上海市建平中学·高一下·期末） To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example seems oversimplified. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore, we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do”. Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do. There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to achieve his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a screaming is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults award some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves. In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players. Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success. 1．According to the passage, to teach a child to learn something, parents should ________. A．view from the child’s perspective B．simplify each action shown to the child C．follow the theory of imitation D．set a good example for the child to copy 2．Which of the following situation will lead a child to seek for a model? A．The child comes up with a solution to an issue. B．The child is blamed by parents for his/her wrongdoing. C．The child encounters a professional who can get the right result. D．The child is in trouble and cannot figure out an approach. 3．It can be inferred that children usually imitate people ________. A．whose talent and skill are extraordinary B．whose actions are consistent with theirs C．whom they want to be shaped into D．who enjoy a high social status 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The reason for parenting by imitation. B．The factors determining children’s imitation. C．The significance of learning by imitation. D．The way children choose models. Passage 2 （2025 上海市复旦大学附属中学·高一下·期末） It’s easy to feel as though you’re doing something wrong these days if you don’t know your VO2-Max and how many hours of REM sleep you get each night, or if you’re not taking a dozen different supplements and scrutinizing every bite of food that makes its way into your mouth. “Biohackers” and other longevity seekers would have you believe that if you diligently measure your every bodily function and meticulously tailor your nutrition and exercise routine, you can reprogram your body to live longer and evade dreaded diseases. These folks’ logical flaw is to assume that the biological processes in your body are just as predictable and controllable as a microchip. What they don’t understand, or choose to ignore, is that the human organism is far too complex and unpredictable for that level of control. Take, for example, a recent fad among people without diabetes to closely monitor their bodies’ glucose (葡萄糖) levels. They claim to use the data generated by these devices to learn how to customize their diet for optimal glucose levels. The trouble is that our bodies’ glucose response to food intake is far too inconsistent to produce informative results. Researchers in a recent study fed participants identical meals separated by one week in a highly controlled hospital environment, while the participants wore continuous glucose monitors. Even when eating identical meals under these artificial conditions, the glucose measurements from a given participant looked no more similar than when the participants each ate an entirely different meal. A scatter chart the researchers made comparing the glucose results from one meal against the identical meal a week later looked like it could have been made by a person throwing darts blindfolded. Randomness is inherent to life. Our parents’ chromosomes (染色体) are shuffled like a deck of cards before we receive half of each of their genetic code. Diseases are often the result of random processes. More than two-thirds of cancer-causing mutations are not due to anything we’ve put our bodies through. They are the unavoidable result of random errors introduced in our DNA by the molecular machines that copy our DNA before our cells divide.   There is a growing industry of people and companies selling biohacking advice, tracking devices, and supplements. They believe they are selling people hope for better health. In reality, they may be selling people guilt that they haven’t done more already to control their health and may create a burden of unachievable expectations. Of course, none of this is meant to imply that there is nothing we can do to affect our health. Basic health maxims (箴言) still apply: Don’t smoke. Don’t drink excessive amounts of alcohol. If you’re obese, lose some weight. Control your blood pressure and cholesterol. Exercise. Get age-appropriate vaccinations and cancer screens. But obsessing over minute-to-minute changes in your glucose level or tracking your blood levels of a dozen different vitamins and minerals is unlikely to make a massive impact on your health. If you’re doing these things because you believe you can exert complete control over your health outcomes like a programmer writing a piece of code, my message is: Don’t sweat the small stuff. 5．The glucose monitoring study is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to demonstrate that ______. A．identical meals produce identical bodily responses B．the human body is highly variable and unpredictable C．continuous glucose monitors are inaccurate D．hospital conditions affect metabolic rates 6．The passage states that most cancer-causing mutations occur because of ______. A．inherited genetic defects B．environmental toxin exposure C．random DNA replication error D．terrible food choices 7．Which of the following behaviors does the expression “Don’t sweat the small stuff” (last paragraph) criticize? A．overemphasizing trivial biological data B．neglecting fundamental health principles C．rejecting cutting-edge medical technology D．underestimating genetic factors 8．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Genetic testing provides the most reliable health predictions among all forms of biohacking. B．Biohacking shifts the blame onto individuals for health problems that are often just bad luck. C．More advanced technology is needed to fully understand complex human biological systems. D．Ignoring modern health technologies is the key to better well-being. Passage 3 （2025 上海市闵行区六校联考·高一下·期末） Saved or Stolen? The British Museum has a well-earned reputation as an “encyclopaedic” museum, with a global story told through eight million objects. Inside, a wide-ranging collection includes everything from prehistoric pottery to precious handmade jewellery from India and Ming Dynasty vases from China. The museum helps us understand how events that happened at different times and in different places were connected, and how they influenced each other. Indeed, this was the vision of its founder, Sir Hans Sloane, who tried setting up cross-cultural comparisons in his original collection in 1753. As you walk around the British Museum today, it’s clear that Sloane’s broad-minded vision is very much alive and well. What’s less clear is how the museum acquired many of the objects on display and whether they should remain there. The collection has an obvious political dimension: while some objects have a well-documented history, others were added during Britain’s colonial period, so it’s possible they were stolen from famous archaeological sites or acquired in the war. Imagine having an important national monument from your country kept permanently in another country. How would you feel? Would you try to get the country to return it? It’s not surprising that many countries have gone on to ask for their treasures back. However; where they should be kept is a question that is still heatedly debated. The Rosetta Stone is a well-known exhibit that illustrates this problem. Carved in 196BCE, the stone was the key to unlocking the language of the ancient Egyptians. It was first discovered in 1799 near the town of el-Rashid (Rosetta) by soldiers in Napoleon’s army, but on Napoleon’s defeat in 1801, it became the property of the British. Many of the museum’s treasures were acquired in a similar way, but unsurprisingly, the British Museum is reluctant to let the Rosetta Stone go. It argues that more people see the Stone in London than they would in Cairo, the location is more secure and the exhibit is a critical part of its global collection. The Egyptian government has other ideas and is trying to persuade the museum to return it. They claim that it’s important for their nation’s history and identity, and that many Egyptians can’t afford to go to London to see it. But the British Museum won’t let the Rosetta Stone go, even as a loan, as they fear it won’t be returned. The British Museum is a place dedicated to international understanding, and the advantages of an encyclopaedic museum are clear to see: “We need to explore common ground, how people perceive their relationship to each other...and (to) see human history as an ongoing joint project,” explains MacGregor, former director of the British Museum. But this attempt to bring different cultures together has been self-defeating, ultimately having the opposite effect: taking treasures from other countries has resulted in never-ending international arguments and frosty relations with foreign governments. So as you admire the breathtaking objects on display at the museum, think about their heritage. Remember to ask yourself: Does the end justify the means? Is taking an object for a museum different from theft? And shouldn’t important objects be exhibited where they were originally made? 9．Which of the following words is similar in meaning to “encyclopaedic” (paragraph 1) ? A．being famous for its modern exhibitions. B．focusing only on ancient artifacts. C．containing a wide range of knowledge or information. D．owned by a private collector for personal use. 10．Why does the British Museum refuse to return the Rosetta Stone to Egypt? A．Because Egypt lacks the financial resources to protect it. B．Because more visitors can see it in London and its location is safer. C．Because the stone was legally purchased during colonial times. D．Because the Egyptian government has not formally requested its return. 11．The author’s attitude toward the British Museum’s argument is ______. A．strongly supportive B．completely neutral C．slightly skeptical D．openly against 12．What can be inferred about the “encyclopaedic museum” vision? A．It ignores the historical context of artifact acquisition. B．It successfully promotes global cultural harmony. C．It intentionally worsen international tensions. D．It prioritizes scientific research over national heritage. Passage 4 （2025年全国高考一卷） While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 13．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A．Cars often get stuck on the road. B．Traffic accidents occur frequently. C．People walk less and drive more. D．Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 14．What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A．Keep their cities livable. B．Promote cultural diversity. C．Help the needy families. D．Make expressways accessible. 15．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A．They boosted the sales of cars. B．They turned out largely ineffective. C．They won government support. D．They advocated building new parks. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why the Rush? B．What’s Next? C．Where to Stay? D．Who to Blame? Passage 1 （2025 上海市晋元高级中学） Home to the world’s most famous playwright, majestic castles and unique heritage, as well as peaceful gardens, cultural attractions and quaint tea rooms and pubs, south Warwickshire provides everything you need for a short stay or longer holiday. For this issue, “Discover Britain” has partnered with Shakespeare’s England, the official tourism board of the region, to offer one lucky winner and a guest the chance to make south Warwickshire their base for two days of discovery and adventure. Our winner will stay at the beautiful Mallory Court Hotel & Spa in Royal Leamington Spa, famous for its Regency architecture. Built in 1916, Mallory Court’s grand Edwin Lutyens-style main house is set amid 10 acres of green grounds. Meanwhile, 43 blissful bedrooms, a heavenly Elan Spa, and a three AA Rosette restaurant make this a typically English country house hotel. Of course, while you’re here, you’ll also want to visit some of the region’s top attractions, as outlined in this issue’s lead feature — and you can do so with just one ticket. The Explorer Pass, created and curated (筹办) by Shakespeare’s England and included in the prize, makes it easy to discover south Warwickshire’s many beauty spots, ancient castles and legendary tales. The pass allows entry into 18 unmissable sights, including the Shakespeare Distillery, Warwick Castle, Kenilworth Castle, Avon Boating and the British Motor Museum The pass also unlocks discounts in a vast range of places to eat, drink, shop and stay. The prize One lucky winner drawn at random from the entries received will enjoy the following: - A one-night stay for two, including breakfast, at Mallory Court Hotel & Spa - A romantic evening meal for two, overlooking the hotel grounds - Two two-day Explorer Passes, allowing entry to a choice of 18 different attractions How to enter You can enter in one of two ways. Either head online to www.discoverbritain.com/warwickshirecomp or complete and return the form below with your answer to the following question: Royal Leamington Spa is famous for which style of architecture? a) Gothic b) Regency c) Art Deco 1．What’s the purpose of publishing the passage? A．To arouse the public awareness of preserving the unique heritage in England. B．To test the readers on their knowledge of the cultural attractions in Warwickshire. C．To introduce the world-famous playwright William Shakespeare to potential tourists. D．To encourage people to enter for the competition to win a Shakespearean mini-break. 2．Which of the following statements is true about south Warwickshire? A．The Explorer Pass entitles the winner to access south Warwickshire’s 18 top attractions. B．Discover Britain is headquartered at Mallory Court Hotel, a must-see in south Warwickshire. C．South Warwickshire was where Shakespeare initiated his enthusiasm for adventure and romance. D．Tourism in south Warwickshire thrives because all the visitors are offered a generous discount. 3．What is likely to be placed in the box at the end of the passage? A．Key to the question. B．List of prize winners. C．An entry form. D．A travel guide. Passage 2 （2026 上海市甘泉外国语中学·高一下·期中） Lindsay Renwick, the mayor of Deniliquin, a country town in New South Wales, misses the constant whir (嗡嗡声) of the rice mill whose giant fans dried the rice. The Deniliquin mill, the largest rice mill in the Southern Hemisphere, once processed enough grain to meet the needs of 20 million people globally. But six years of drought have had a destructive effect, reducing Australia’s rice crop by 98 percent and leading to the mothballing of the mill last December. Drought affects every agriculture industry based in Australia, not just rice — from sheep farming, the country’s other backbone, to the cultivation of grapes for wine, the fastest-growing crop there, with that expansion often coming at the expense of rice. The drought’s effect on rice has produced the greatest impact on the rest of the world so far. It is one factor contributing to skyrocketing prices, and many scientists believe it is among the earliest signs that a warming planet is starting to affect food production. Researchers are looking for solutions to global rice shortages for example, rice that blooms earlier in the day, when it is cooler, to fight against global warming. Rice plants that happen to bloom on hot days are less likely to produce grains of rice, a difficulty that is already starting to emerge in inland areas of China and other Asian countries as temperatures begin to climb. “There will be problems very soon unless we have new varieties of rice in place,” said Reiner Wassmann, climate change director at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The recent reports on climate change carried a warning that could make the news even worse: that existing models for the effects of climate change on agriculture did not yet include newer findings that global warming could reduce rainfall and make it more variable. Yet the effects of climate change are not uniformly bad for rice. Rising concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, can actually help rice — although the effect reduces or disappears if the plants face unnecessary heat, inadequate water, severe pollution or other stresses. Still, the flexibility of farmers here has persuaded some climate experts that, particularly in developed countries, the effects of climate change may be relieved, if not completely avoided. “I’m not as negative as most people,” said Will Steffen, director of the Fenner School of Environment and Society at Australian National University. “Farmers are learning how to do things differently.” Meanwhile, changes like the use of water to grow wine grapes instead of rice carry their own costs, as the developing world is discovering. “Rice is an essential food,” said Graeme Haley, the general manager of the town of Deniliquin. “Wine is not.” 4．By “the mothballing of the mill” in Paragraph 1, the author most probably means the mill is ________. A．kept unprocessed B．being entirely restored C．left unused D．being pushed round 5．Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A．Rice plants are fond of higher temperature in the process of growing. B．Rice prices are rising steadily owing to the crop failure in Australia. C．Global warming may contribute to more complicated weather conditions. D．Global warming has shown few signs of influence on agriculture. 6．It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A．Australia is the largest rice producing country around the world B．wine grape cultivation has threatened the rice production in Australia C．climate changes have simply brought negative effects to people’s lives D．most people look on the bright side of the flexibility of farmers 7．Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage? A．Rice Shortage and Wine Boom. B．Drought, the Enemy of Rice Production. C．Rice Issue, a Focus of the Public Attention D．Rice Crisis and Its Solution. Passage 3 （2026 上海市甘泉外国语中学·高一下·期中） Did English football finally find a new star? At the age of 19, Theo Walcott came onto the game by scoring a hat-trick for England in a 4-1 victory over Croatia in 2010 World Cup. Walcott’s lightning speed and accurate shooting turned the teenager into an overnight star. Many thought he was a new dawn for the England team. He was building his fame for his fast pace, with former Barcelona manager Pep declaring that “you would need a gun to stop him” . FIFA World Player of the Year winner Lionel Messi once also described Walcott as “one of the most dangerous players I have ever played against”. In addition to his speed, Walcott also possessed good balance, movement and technique. It was symbolic that Walcott’s goals came from the right-wing. The position had been played by “golden boy” David Beckham for more than 10 years. No longer were the cheers for Beckham. The fans’ hopes now rested on the shoulders of Walcott. Walcott was born in London to a black British Jamaican father and a white English mother. He grew up as a Liverpool fan due to his father’s support of Liverpool. When Chelsea asked him to be a ball boy, he used the opportunity to meet his Liverpool idols. The teenager’s rise to fame was not completely out of the blue. He was part of England’s World Cup team in 2006, but he did not get to play a match. He also spent over two years at Arsenal, where he was fast becoming a key player. But that year, few were expecting the wonderful performance between England and Croatia. The teenager was the first England player to score three goals in a game since Michael Owen did so seven years before. Although England was full of superstars, they had a poor record in major tournaments. But things were beginning to change. The win against Croatia was sweet revenge. Croatia was the team which knocked England out of Euro 2008. Walcott’s wonderful performance lighted England fans’ hope for World Cup victory in South Africa in 2010, since England had not lifted the cup since 1966. But before England fans got too carried away, our reflection on the past history told us that placing a country’s hopes on one teenager was dangerous. 8．Which of the following CANNOT account for Walcott’s increasing fame? A．Masterly skills. B．Positional sense. C．Unusual family. D．Fast speed. 9．Why did the author mention David Beckham in the 3rd paragraph? A．To show that England football once had a glorious history. B．To imply that people had high expectation on Walcott. C．To indicate that England fans were difficult to please. D．To illustrate that Walcott could be entitled “golden boy” . 10．In the 5th paragraph, the underlined phrase “out of the blue” most probably means “ ________ ” . A．impolite B．unintentional C．impossible D．unexpected 11．What is the author most likely to agree with? A．Walcott might not live up to fans’ expectation. B．Walcott might transfer from Arsenal to Liverpool. C．Croatia might change the history of the World Cup. D．England might be defeated by the opponent in the next round. Passage 4 （2026 上海市杨浦区中原中学·高一下·期中） As Grace and Allison settled into Allison’s room to study, Allison asked, “Do you want anything to eat or drink?” “No, thanks,” Grace replied politely, expecting Allison to extend the offer a second time as was customary in her experience. Moments later, Allison returned with a drink for herself but nothing for Grace. Allison neither repeated her offer nor suggested sharing her own drink. Grace left Allison’s house feeling thirsty, upset and neglected. This incident illustrates a classic conflict between Ask Culture and Guess Culture. Askers, like Allison, communicate directly, stating needs clearly and trusting others to do the same. In contrast, Guessers, like Grace, are unwilling to make direct requests to avoid bothering others, often saying “no” initially and expecting others to perceive unspoken needs. From Grace’s perspective, Allison should have offered her a drink again or simply brought her one, guessing Grace was thirsty. Communication styles of the Ask and Guess Cultures are common across the world. Most Asians, Middle Easterners, and Africans come from Guess Cultures, while Europeans and North Americans are more likely to belong to Ask Cultures. Note, though, that all societies have elements of both cultures and that cultural background alone does not determine a person’s communication style. Having awareness of these communication differences is an asset within today’s globalized world. By understanding Ask Culture and Guess Culture, respecting the differences and being open-minded, you can interact smoothly across cultures, setting yourself up for success. First, figure out whether you’re an Asker or a Guesser. Then point out that you have different communication styles and make light of it, so no one is offended. Next, adapt your approach accordingly. Guessers can learn to accept Askers’ direct style as sincere rather than pushy, while Askers can avoid putting pressure on Guessers by framing requests in ways that allow a graceful refusal. Guessers can also practice being more direct, while Askers can pay attention to hints and body language. If misunderstandings arise, both sides need to give each other the benefit of the doubt and be respectful. In the end, it’s not about whether Ask Culture or Guess Culture is right or wrong, it’s about respecting each other’s differences. 12．What is the main purpose of the article? A．To show that culture alone determines how we communicate. B．To explain Ask Culture and Guess Culture and how to bridge the gap. C．To tell an interesting story about a misunderstanding between two friends. D．To argue that Ask Culture is more effective and should be adopted worldwide. 13．How is a “Guesser” most likely to behave? A．They state their needs in a clear and direct manner. B．They never say “no” to an offer, to avoid seeming rude. C．They refuse an offer at first, expecting the other person to insist. D．They feel comfortable when other people take their “no” seriously. 14．The underlined words “an asset” in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to ______. A．a difficult challenge B．a personal opinion C．an optional skill D．a valuable advantage 15．According to the passage, when communicating with a “Guesser”, an “Asker” should ______. A．insist on getting a clear and direct answer from the Guesser B．ask the same question repeatedly until the Guesser says yes C．always assume the Guesser’s first “no” is their final answer D．express requests in ways that make it easy for the Guesser to say no Passage 5 （2026 上海市杨浦区中原中学·高一下·期中） Ask The Expert THE TRUTH ABOUT COCHLEAR IMPLANTS Struggling to hear each day, even when using powerful hearing aids? DR. ALEJANDRO RIVASa cochlear implant surgeon and medical advisor to Cochlear, answers questions about cochlear implants and how they are different from hearing aids. Now more than ever, communication and connection are important for maintaining relationships with family, friends and community. Whether it happens suddenly or gradually over time, hearing loss can affect you physically and emotionally. Being unable to hear impacts your ability to communicate with your friends, talk on the phone, or hear the TV. Being able to hear in different environments will help you stay connected with what matters most. Dealing with your hearing loss could change your life. Cochlear implants work differently than hearing aids. Instead of making sounds louder, they use hi-tech electronic parts and software to help you hear the sounds you’ve been missing. Q: How are cochlear implants different from hearing aids?Hearing aids help many people by making the sounds they hear louder. Unfortunately, as hearing loss progresses, sounds may not only need to be louder, they may need to be clearer. Cochlear implants can help give you that clarity, especially in noisy environments. Q: Is it major surgery?No, not at all. The procedure is often done on an outpatient basis and typically takes just a couple of hours. After surgery, you’ll need a short healing period, and your device will be activated and fine-tuned in follow-up visits to ensure the best sound clarity. Q: Are cochlear implants a proven solution?Cochlear hearing implant technology is very reliable. In fact, it has been around for 40 years and Cochlear has provided more than 600,000 implantable hearing devices. Q: Are cochlear implants covered by Medicare?Yes, Medicare and most private insurance plans routinely cover cochlear implants. Call 800 610 4901 or visit www. Cochlear.us/Rdigestto find a Hearing Implant Specialist near you and get a free guide about cochlear implants 16．Who is the primary target readers of this article? A．Medical students studying hearing disorders. B．Companies that make or sell hearing products C．Senior people who are experiencing hearing loss. D．Government officials managing healthcare policies. 17．The surgery for cochlear implants ______. A．requires months of full recovery B．can improve sound clarity immediately C．is a risky, hospital-stay-required operation D．takes only a few hours on an outpatient basis 18．Which of the following is TRUE about cochlear implants? A．They can make sounds much louder than hearing aids. B．They use technology to improve clarity, not just volume. C．They are covered by Medicare and all the private insurance. D．They are a new technology developed in the last 10 years. Passage 6 （2026 上海市杨浦区中原中学·高一下·期中） Have you ever been stuck in traffic where the sound of car horns (喇叭) is so loud that it gives you a headache? In many busy cities around the world, unnecessary honking is a big problem. But one country came up with a clever idea to fight the noise. It is called “Honk More, Wait More.”What Is “Honk More, Wait More”? A few years ago, some cities in India started a new traffic campaign. They placed special sound sensors at busy traffic lights. These sensors can measure how loud the honking is. If drivers make too much noise by honking unnecessarily, something unexpected happens: the red light timer resets, making everyone wait longer before they can go. The more you honk, the longer you wait!Why Was This Needed? In many places, drivers use their horns all the time — not just for safety, but out of habit or impatience. This creates terrible noise pollution, which can cause stress, trouble sleeping, and even hearing problems. Honking doesn’t make the traffic move faster, but it does make the city noisier and more stressful for everyone.____________________ Imagine you’re at a red light. The light is about to turn green, but the driver next to you starts honking impatiently. A nearby sensor picks up the extra noise. Suddenly, the countdown timer on the red light jumps back from 5 seconds to 10 or even 20 seconds. Now, everyone at the crossroads has to wait longer — all because of that one impatient honk.The Big Idea Behind the Rule The “Honk More, Wait More” rule isn’t just about punishment. It’s about teaching shared responsibility. If one person honks, the whole group pays by waiting longer. This encourages drivers to remind each other to stay quiet. It turns impatient honking from a personal habit into a group concern.What Happened After? When the system was first introduced, it made headlines everywhere. Many people loved the idea. Drivers started thinking twice before pressing the horn. In some places, honking decreased noticeably. The campaign became a symbol of how creative thinking can help solve everyday problems.A Lesson for All of Us You don’t have to be a driver to learn from “Honk More, Wait More.” It reminds us that our actions affect others. Sometimes, a little patience and consideration can make life better for everyone. Next time you’re tempted to honk — or do anything noisy in a public space — remember: sometimes, waiting quietly is the fastest way forward. 19．India started the “Honk More, Wait More” campaign to ______. A．help cars go faster through busy crossroads B．give a prize to the drivers who honk the least C．punish drivers who honk too much by using technology D．cut down noise pollution by reducing pointless honking 20．Which of the following is the best subtitle for paragraph 4? A．How Does It Work? B．A Story about a Patient Driver C．Why Traffic Lights Are Important D．The Technology Behind the Sensor 21．What would most likely happen if most drivers followed the “Honk More, Wait More” rule over time? A．The traffic light sensors would be removed because they’re no longer needed. B．The crossroads would become much noisier as drivers get used to the system. C．The average waiting time at red lights would become shorter and predictable. D．The drivers would honk even more because no individual driver is punished. 22．What is the main lesson of the story? A．Honking is the most effective way to signal danger in an emergency. B．Technology can solve problems without people changing their behavior. C．Patience and consideration can make shared spaces better for everyone. D．Clear communication of a rule’s purpose helps people willingly follow it. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 应用文（3篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海市甘泉外国语中学·高一下·期中） Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains The book mainly presents us with the American Indian leaders of the past. It features many profiles and biographies including Sitting Bull, Red Cloud, Little Crow and Lozen Quanah etc. written by author Charles Eastman, and I’m sure you will be interested in it. Name: Sitting Bull Birth: 1831         Death: 12-15-1890 He was a great hero and is respected by many American Indians. In a 1997 documentary, The Great Tribes, he was known as a holy man, a composer of songs and an artist. Under him, the Sioux and Cheyenne Nations unified. He was advised to go on a European tour in 1887, but he turned it down to defend these two nations from being separated again. He led his people during years of resistance to United States government policies and was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation. Name: Crazy Horse Birth: 1842         Death: 9-5-1877 Crazy Horse was a legendary warrior (勇士) and a gentle leader as well as a brave man who stood for the highest ideal of the Sioux, celebrated for his battle skills as well as his efforts to preserve Native American traditions and way of life. Resisting efforts to force the Sioux on to reservations, he fought alongside Sitting Bull and others in the American-Indian Wars. Charles Eastman described him in his book Indian Heroes as “a man of deeds and not of words” . Name: Red Cloud Birth: 1822         Death: 12-10-1909 He was against the movement of the white settlers into the Black Hills. In 1868, he refused to sign a treaty (条约), which stated that the Black Hills didn’t belong to the Lakota people. The treaty also stated that these areas couldn’t be entered without the government’s permission. According to Eastman’s book Indian Heroes, he was said to have fought against the treaty, forcing the government to give in and pull out of the area. Name: Lozen Quanah Birth: late 1840s         Death: 1890 Known as the youngest sister of Red Cloud, she devoted herself to the people. She was described in Peter Aleshire’s Warrior Woman as a heroine good at riding horses and using a bow and arrow to drive attackers away. This skill was considered to be “one of the most honored skills among the Indians”. 1．Which of the following is NOT true about Crazy Horse? A．He was friendly to his soldier. B．He was a great talker. C．He showed great courage. D．He was respected. 2．From the passage we can infer that ________. A．Sitting Bull disliked traveling B．Indian Heroes was a book on Indian history C．in the 1850s Indian women were not allowed to ride horses D．in the 1880s Indian soldiers were mainly armed with bows and arrows 3．The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A．show Indians’ lives to readers B．show the history of the Indians C．describe great Indian heroes and heroines D．comment on a history book 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 【导语】主要介绍《印第安英雄与伟大酋长》一书内容，简要介绍四位印第安杰出领袖的生平事迹与主要贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据Name: Crazy Horse部分中的“Charles Eastman described him in his book Indian Heroes as “a man of deeds and not of words” . (查尔斯·伊斯特曼在《印第安英雄》一书中将他描述为“一个实干而非空谈的人”。)”可知，疯马并非健谈之人，B项表述错误。 2．推理判断题。根据Name: Lozen Quanah部分中的“Known as the youngest sister of Red Cloud, she devoted herself to the people. She was described in Peter Aleshire’s Warrior Woman as a heroine good at riding horses and using a bow and arrow to drive attackers away. This skill was considered to be “one of the most honored skills among the Indians”.(她是红云最小的妹妹，一生奉献于族人。彼得·艾尔希尔在《女战士》一书中将她记载为一名女英雄，擅长骑马、使用弓箭击退来犯之敌。这项技艺也被视作“印第安人中最受尊崇的技艺之一”。)”可推断，十九世纪八十年代印第安士兵的主要作战武器包含弓箭。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“The book mainly presents us with the American Indian leaders of the past. It features many profiles and biographies(这本书主要介绍昔日的美洲印第安领袖，收录多位印第安英雄与首领的人物简介和传记。)”可知，文章主要目的是介绍多位印第安男女英雄人物的相关事迹。 Passage 2 （2025 上海市进才中学·高一下·期末） Van Gogh experienced a mental disorder Experts analyzed van Gogh’s medical records and hundreds of his letters, and interviewed three historians specializing in the artist. They believe that the findings point to the artist having experienced two periods of mental disorder in the final years of his life. These may have been caused in part by enforced withdrawal from alcohol, upon which van Gogh was increasingly dependent. HS2 dig shows magical marks Medieval graffiti (中世纪涂鸦) found in the remains of a church in Buckinghamshire may have been created to ward off bad spirits which is considered negative at that time, experts suggest. The marks, found carved into stones in the ruined church, likely date from the 12th century. It’s among the discoveries made as work continues on Britain’s new high-speed HS2 rail line, which is set to begin operation from 2029. End of the Stone Age saw monumental building rise The final years of the Neolithic period (新石器时代) were marked by intense building activity and the construction of several large monuments in Britain, a new study suggests. Analysis of a henge (巨石阵) at Mount Pleasant in Dorset shows that it took between 35 and 125years to build, rather than centuries, as previously thought. Experts assume that the effort may have been inspired by a sense that times were changing. First settlers in North America used dog hair for clothing Finding a landscape short of animals to domesticate, the first humans to arrive in North America bred the dogs that traveled with them from Eurasia for hunting, for labor and, most often, for fur. That’s a theory suggested by a study of 170,000 dogs’ bones found in the northwest of North America. Their hair may have been made into yarn (纱线) for use in clothing, experts suggest. 4．What does the phrase ward off mean in the second paragraph? A．prevent B．cause C．invade D．reverse 5．Which of the following statement is true? A．Van Gogh’s mental disorder was completely caused by alcohol. B．HS2 dig is meant to discover Medieval ruins. C．The Neolithic period lasted about 35 to 125 years. D．First settlers in North America raised dogs mainly for fur. 6．Who are probably the target readers of the text? A．Animal protectors. B．Scientific researchers. C．City architects. D．History lovers. 【答案】4．A 5．D 6．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍四则关于梵高、HS2挖掘、新石器时代末期及北美首批定居者的历史与科学发现。 【详解】4．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Medieval graffiti (中世纪涂鸦) found in the remains of a church in Buckinghamshire may have been created to ward off bad spirits which is considered negative at that time, experts suggest. (专家称，在白金汉郡一座教堂遗址中发现的中世纪涂鸦可能是为了ward off当时被认为是负面的恶灵。)”可知，中世纪涂鸦可能是为了抵御恶灵，故“ward off”意为“防止、抵御”。故选A项。 5．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Finding a landscape short of animals to domesticate, the first humans to arrive in North America bred the dogs that traveled with them from Eurasia for hunting, for labor and, most often, for fur. (由于发现北美缺乏可驯化的动物，首批抵达北美的人类饲养了从欧亚大陆带来的狗，用于狩猎、劳动，最常见的是为了获取皮毛。)”可知，北美首批定居者主要为了皮毛饲养狗。故选D项。 6．推理判断题。通读全文可知，主要介绍四则关于梵高、HS2挖掘、新石器时代末期及北美首批定居者的历史与科学发现。目标读者可能是历史爱好者。故选D项。 Passage 3 （2025 上海市浦东新区·高一下·期末） David Attenborough David Attenborough was born in 1926 and grew up near the grounds of the University of Leicester, where his father was the principal. This early environment sparked his interest in animals and zoology. He has had a long and remarkable career in broadcasting. His nature documentaries have educated and inspired countless people around the world. Over 50 organisms have been named after him, including various species of insects, flowering plants and even a marine reptile from the Jurassic period. His first TV programme with the BBC was a 1959 documentary about the coelacanth, an ancient group of fish once thought to be extinct. Malala Yousafzai Malala Yousafzai was born in Mingora, Pakistan on 12 July 1997. Her father, a teacher, ran a girls’ school, and he was determined to give her every opportunity a boy would have. Malala loved going to school. However, in 2008, the Taliban took control of her town in the Swat Valley. Many things were banned, and Malala became a target for speaking out about girls’ right to education. Despite being attacked, she survived and continued to fight for education. She is the youngest ever Nobel Prize recipient, an inspiration to people around the world for her courage and determination. Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela was a great leader in South Africa. He was born into a royal family of the Xhosa-speaking Thembu tribe. Mandela studied law at university. He dedicated his life to fighting against racial segregation (种族隔离). He was imprisoned for many years but never gave up his beliefs. After his release, he played a crucial role in bringing about peaceful change in South Africa and became the country’s first black president. His struggle and achievements have made him a symbol of freedom and equality worldwide. Usain Bolt Usain Bolt is a world-famous Jamaican sprinter (短跑选手). He was born in 1986. Bolt showed great athletic talent from a young age. He has set numerous world records in track and field events, especially in the 100-metre, 200-metre and 4×100-metre relay races. His speed and dominance on the track have earned him many Olympic gold medals and made him one of the most iconic athletes of all time. He has inspired a generation of athletes to strive for excellence in sports. 7．What led to David Attenborough’s interest in animals and zoology? A．Growing up near the University of Leicester. B．His father’s job as a principal. C．His first TV programme. D．Naming organisms after him. 8．Why was Malala Yousafzai in danger? A．Because she won the Nobel Prize. B．Because her father ran a girls’ school. C．Because she fought against the Taliban. D．Because she advocated for girls’ education. 9．What was Nelson Mandela’s major contribution? A．He fought for the rights of the royal family. B．He became the first president of South Africa. C．He ended racial segregation in South Africa. D．He studied law to help the poor. 10．What is Usain Bolt famous for? A．His talent in various sports. B．His numerous world records in sprinting. C．Inspiring people to do sports. D．Winning many gold medals in different events. 【答案】7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍大卫·阿滕伯勒、马拉拉·优素福扎伊、纳尔逊·曼德拉和尤塞恩·博尔特四位名人的生平及成就。 7．细节理解题。根据David Attenborough部分中的“David Attenborough was born in 1926 and grew up near the grounds of the University of Leicester, where his father was the principal. This early environment sparked his interest in animals and zoology.(大卫·阿滕伯勒于1926年出生，在莱斯特大学附近长大，他的父亲是该校校长。这种早期环境激发了他对动物和动物学的兴趣。)”可知，在莱斯特大学附近长大的经历激发了他对动物和动物学的兴趣。故选A项。 8．细节理解题。根据Malala Yousafzai部分中的“However, in 2008, the Taliban took control of her town in the Swat Valley. Many things were banned, and Malala became a target for speaking out about girls’ right to education.(然而，2008年，塔利班控制了她在斯瓦特山谷的小镇。许多事情被禁止，马拉拉因为公开谈论女孩的受教育权利而成为目标。)”可知，马拉拉·优素福扎伊处于危险之中是因为她倡导女孩的教育。故选D项。 9．细节理解题。根据Nelson Mandela部分中的“He dedicated his life to fighting against racial segregation (种族隔离). He was imprisoned for many years but never gave up his beliefs. After his release, he played a crucial role in bringing about peaceful change in South Africa and became the country’s first black president.(他一生致力于反对种族隔离。他被监禁多年，但从未放弃自己的信仰。获释后，他在促成南非的和平变革方面发挥了关键作用，并成为该国首位黑人总统。)”可知，纳尔逊·曼德拉的主要贡献是结束了南非的种族隔离。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据Usain Bolt部分中的“Usain Bolt is a world-famous Jamaican sprinter (短跑选手). He was born in 1986. Bolt showed great athletic talent from a young age. He has set numerous world records in track and field events, especially in the 100-metre, 200-metre and 4×100-metre relay races.(尤塞恩·博尔特是世界著名的牙买加短跑运动员，出生于1986年。博尔特从小就展现出了巨大的运动天赋。他在田径项目中创造了无数世界纪录，尤其是在100米、200米和4×100米接力赛中。)”可知，尤塞恩·博尔特以其在短跑项目中创造的众多世界纪录而闻名。故选B项。 语篇类型二: 记叙文（5篇） Passage 1 （2025上海市青浦高级中学·高一下·期末） A father from New York, Nick Tomasso, accidentally started a yearly photo tradition with his son Jackson that shows how the boy grows over time. The photos, which began when Jackson was a baby, feature the two wearing matching Batman T-shirts. It all started by chance. When Jackson was very little, Nick once wore a Batman T-shirt and also dressed his son in a Batman onesie (连体衣). He thought it would be a cute picture and took one. The next year, they happened to wear new Batman shirts again, so Nick took another photo without remembering the first one. By the third year, Nick realized he had created a tradition without planning to. He then decided to continue it every year. Nick had shared these photos on his private social media over the years. Recently, he posted a collage (拼图) of the pictures on Reddit, and the story became very popular online. Many people loved seeing the changes in the father and son. For Nick, the best part is looking back at how his son has grown. He also finds the tradition a good way to bond with Jackson, as they both like superheroes. Nick plans to keep taking these photos as long as possible. He thinks it will be funny to see when Jackson becomes taller than him. Though Nick doesn’t have special plans for the photos, he may make a collage or a video for his son’s important birthdays. For him, the tradition is not just about pictures — it’s about recording time and the love between a father and his son. 1．How did the tradition begin according to the first two paragraphs? A．Jackson asked his father to start it. B．It was suggested by one Internet user. C．It happened by accident in the first two years. D．Nick planned it carefully for his social media. 2．What does Nick enjoy most about this tradition? A．Becoming famous online. B．Teaching his son about superheroes. C．Buying new Batman shirts every year. D．Seeing his son’s growth over the years. 3．What does the underlined word “bond” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Connect. B．Argue. C．Compete. D．Disagree. 4．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．The interest of superhero kids. B．The story of a father-son photo tradition. C．The collection of different Batman shirts. D．The role of Reddit in a father-son tradition. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述纽约父亲尼克与儿子杰克逊偶然开始的年度蝙蝠侠主题拍照传统，记录儿子成长与父子温情。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It all started by chance. When Jackson was very little, Nick once wore a Batman T-shirt and also dressed his son in a Batman onesie. He thought it would be a cute picture and took one. The next year, they happened to wear new Batman shirts again, so Nick took another photo without remembering the first one.(这一切都始于偶然。当杰克逊还很小的时候，尼克有一次穿了一件蝙蝠侠T恤，也给儿子穿了一件蝙蝠侠连体衣。他觉得这会是一张可爱的照片，于是拍了一张。第二年，他们又碰巧穿了新的蝙蝠侠T恤，所以尼克又拍了一张照片，完全忘了第一次拍的那张)”可知，这个传统在前两年是偶然发生的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“For Nick, the best part is looking back at how his son has grown.(对尼克来说，最棒的部分是回顾儿子的成长历程)”可知，尼克最喜欢这个传统的地方是看到儿子多年来的成长。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“He also finds the tradition a good way to bond with Jackson, as they both like superheroes.(他还发现这个传统是和杰克逊bond的好方式，因为他们都喜欢超级英雄)”可知，父子因共同爱好通过这个传统增进联系，“bond”意为“连接、建立情感联结”，与“connect”意思相近。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A father from New York, Nick Tomasso, accidentally started a yearly photo tradition with his son Jackson that shows how the boy grows over time.(来自纽约的父亲尼克·托马索偶然与儿子杰克逊开启了一项年度拍照传统，这个传统展示了男孩随着时间的推移是如何成长的)”以及全文内容可知，文章围绕尼克与儿子杰克逊偶然开始的年度蝙蝠侠主题拍照传统展开，记录了传统的起源、发展及意义，因此“父子拍照传统的故事”最贴合主旨。故选B。 Passage 2 （2025上海市进才中学·高一下·期末） Frances Arnold has always been a rebel (叛逆者). Her willingness to question authority and make her own way helped her earn the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her pioneering work in ‌“directed evolution of enzymes (酶)”. Getting there, though, required Arnold to enhance her innovative effort in a process that took decades. Arnold, 64, grew up in a conservative family in a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. At the age of 15, she left home to seek an independent life. She found her own apartment in the city and worked a number of jobs to get by — while still attending high school. The experience taught her valuable life lessons. ‌“I’m not a follower,” she says, ‌“I had to do my thing in my own way and often it was the hard way.” Arnold eventually gave in to her family. She applied to the Mechanical Engineering Department at Princeton University, her dad’s alma mater (母校). After graduating in 1979, she briefly took up jobs in solar technology before realizing it was not where her passion lay. Her determination to make a difference, however, remained unchanged. She went back to school to earn advanced degrees in chemical engineering at the University of California at Berkeley. When she completed her postdoctoral work there in 1986, Arnold joined the faculty at Caltech and has since been working there in the fields of chemical engineering, bioengineering and biochemistry. In terms of research potential, her timing was perfect. The world of DNA was just opening up. Gene splicing (基因剪接) technology was new. ‌“We were hoping to make the code of life work for us,” Arnold recalls. At the time it was a complicated, laborious process that required knowing which changes in the DNA would lead to whatever traits the researchers wanted to change. To make a useful medicine, for instance, the responsible gene had to be modified. Never one to follow the crowd, she thought she had a better idea — use evolution, because DNA was ‌“composed by evolution over the millennia”. Her vision was to speed it up and make it work for us. ‌“Humans have been creating new forms of life by artificial selection for thousands of years,” she says. ‌“From corn to hairless cats, we’ve been modifying DNA to serve us by choosing who goes on to parent the next generation.” She decided to breed proteins that had the traits she was interested in. And as it turned out, proteins were able to adapt quickly to new demands that were being placed upon them. ‌“To me, (directed evolution) seemed obvious,” she recalls. This was not true for everyone. ‌“I got a lot of pushback. People were telling me the only proper way was to sit down and design genes.” Despite the pressure, Arnold persevered. In part, it was her determination and courage. But she doesn’t claim credit for herself. ‌“Anything I do is small. But I enlarge that by sharing ideas with other people,” she says, ‌“They gave me the Nobel Prize really because my ideas were magnified by so many other people.” 5．Which of the following is true about Arnold? A．She never listened to what her parents said. B．She didn’t know early on that her interest was in studying DNA． C．She had to take several part-time jobs to put her through college. D．She applied to study engineering because it’s the best major in his father’s alma mater. 6．Which of the following is not the function of DNA before Arnold’s research? A．To make effective medicine. B．To cultivate plants. C．To change physical features of animals. D．To breed proteins. 7．What is the secret of Arnold’s success? A．Her optimistic attitude towards life. B．Her natural curiosity about everything. C．Her willingness and courage to take an unusual path. D．Her passion for making a difference in the scientific world. 8．What is the best title for the passage? A．The magic of the modification of DNA B．The unusual path to the Nobel Prize C．Being straightforward and stubborn works D．The power of team work in the scientific world 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了弗朗西丝·阿诺德凭借叛逆精神和创新思维，历经数十年探索，最终因在“酶的定向进化”方面的开创性工作获得2018年诺贝尔化学奖的故事。 5．细节理解题。根据第四段中“After graduating in 1979, she briefly took up jobs in solar technology before realizing it was not where her passion lay. Her determination to make a difference, however, remained unchanged. She went back to school to earn advanced degrees in chemical engineering at the University of California at Berkeley.(1979年毕业后，她曾短暂从事太阳能技术工作，后来才意识到这并非她的兴趣所在。然而，她想要有所作为的决心始终未变。她回到学校，在加州大学伯克利分校攻读化学工程的高级学位)”可知，阿诺德早期曾短暂从事太阳能技术工作，后来才意识到这并非她的兴趣所在，然后又回到学校攻读化学工程的高级学位，这说明她之前并不知道自己的兴趣在于研究DNA。因此B项“She didn’t know early on that her interest was in studying DNA.”是正确表述。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“‘Humans have been creating new forms of life by artificial selection for thousands of years,’ she says. ‘From corn to hairless cats, we’ve been modifying DNA to serve us by choosing who goes on to parent the next generation.’ She decided to breed proteins that had the traits she was interested in. (‘几千年来，人类一直通过人工选择创造新的生命形式，’她说，‘从玉米到无毛猫，我们一直在通过选择下一代的繁衍者来改造DNA，为我们所用。’她决定培育具有她感兴趣特征的蛋白质)”可知，是阿诺德开始用DNA来培育蛋白质。所以在阿诺德的研究之前，培育蛋白质不是DNA的功能。故选D项。 7．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Her willingness to question authority and make her own way helped her earn the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her pioneering work in ‘directed evolution of enzymes (酶)’ .(她敢于质疑权威、坚持走自己的路，这使她因在‘酶的定向进化’方面的开创性工作而获得了2018年诺贝尔化学奖)”、倒数第四段“Never one to follow the crowd, she thought she had a better idea — use evolution, because DNA was ‘composed by evolution over the millennia’. Her vision was to speed it up and make it work for us.(她从不随波逐流，她认为自己有一个更好的主意——利用进化，因为DNA是‘历经数千年进化而成的’。她的愿景是加速进化，让它为我们所用)”和倒数第一段中“Despite the pressure, Arnold persevered.(尽管压力重重，阿诺德还是坚持了下来)”可知，阿诺德成功的秘诀在于她敢于质疑权威，愿意并且有勇气走不寻常的道路。故选C项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Her willingness to question authority and make her own way helped her earn the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her pioneering work in ‘directed evolution of enzymes’.(她敢于质疑权威、坚持走自己的路，这使她因在‘酶的定向进化’方面的开创性工作而获得了2018年诺贝尔化学奖)”以及后文对她不随波逐流，坚持独特研究方法的描述可知，文章主要讲述了阿诺德通过不寻常的方式获得了诺贝尔奖。B项“通往诺贝尔奖的不寻常之路”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2025上海市浦东新区·高一下·期末） The Old Man and the Sea, written by Ernest Hemingway, is a timeless novella about an aging Cuban fisherman named Santiago. For eighty-four consecutive days, Santiago struggles without catching a single fish, becoming a symbol of bad luck in his small coastal village. His young apprentice, Manolin, admires Santiago deeply but is forced by his parents to leave the old man’s boat and join a more successful fisherman. Despite his loneliness and the villagers’ pity, Santiago remains determined. On the eighty-fifth day, he ventures far into the Gulf Stream, where he hooks a massive marlin — a fish larger than his own boat. The marlin drags Santiago’s boat for two days and nights. The old man, weakened by hunger and exhaustion, battles the fish with every ounce of strength, refusing to surrender. “Pain does not matter to a man,” he whispers, embodying his code of resilience. When he finally kills the marlin, he ties it to the side of his boat, only to face a new threat: sharks attracted by the marlin’s blood. Santiago fights fiercely with makeshift weapons — harpoons, oars, and even a knife — but the sharks strip the marlin to its skeleton. Returning to shore, Santiago collapses in his hut. Though he brings back nothing but bones, the village marvels at the skeleton’s size, and Manolin weeps at the old man’s injuries. Hemingway’s story is a celebration of human endurance: Santiago proves that defeat in action can coexist with victory in spirit. 9．What is the main conflict in the story? A．Santiago’s battle with the marlin and sharks. B．Santiago’s struggle against poverty. C．Manolin’s conflict with his parents. D．The villagers’ distrust of Santiago. 10．Why does Manolin leave Santiago? A．He wants to learn from a richer fisherman. B．His parents force him to leave. C．He loses faith in Santiago’s luck. D．Santiago asks him to go. 11．What does the marlin symbolize in the story? A．Unpredictable nature. B．The failure of effort. C．A test of Santiago’s determination. D．The village’s scorn. 12．What theme does Hemingway emphasize in The Old Man and the Sea? A．The importance of wealth. B．The loneliness of old age. C．The danger of the ocean. D．The power of perseverance. 【答案】9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了古巴老渔夫圣地亚哥连续八十四天没捕到鱼，第八十五天钓到一条大马林鱼，与鱼搏斗后又遭鲨鱼袭击，最终带回鱼骨的故事，展现了人类的坚韧。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“The marlin drags Santiago’s boat for two days and nights. The old man, weakened by hunger and exhaustion, battles the fish with every ounce of strength, refusing to surrender. “Pain does not matter to a man,” he whispers, embodying his code of resilience. When he finally kills the marlin, he ties it to the side of his boat, only to face a new threat: sharks attracted by the marlin’s blood. Santiago fights fiercely with makeshift weapons — harpoons, oars, and even a knife — but the sharks strip the marlin to its skeleton.(马林鱼拖着圣地亚哥的船走了两天两夜。老人因饥饿和疲惫而虚弱，用尽全身力气与鱼搏斗，拒绝投降。“痛苦对男人来说并不重要，”他低声说，体现了他的韧性准则。当他最终杀死马林鱼时，他把它绑在船舷上，却遇到了新的威胁：被马林鱼的血吸引来的鲨鱼。圣地亚哥用临时的武器——鱼叉、桨，甚至一把刀——激烈地搏斗，但鲨鱼把马林鱼剥得只剩骨架)”可知，故事的主要冲突是圣地亚哥与马林鱼和鲨鱼的战斗。故选A项。 10．细节理解题。根据第一段中“His young apprentice, Manolin, admires Santiago deeply but is forced by his parents to leave the old man’s boat and join a more successful fisherman.(他年轻的徒弟马诺林非常钦佩圣地亚哥，但他的父母强迫他离开老人的船，去跟随一个更成功的渔夫)”可知，马诺林离开圣地亚哥是因为他的父母强迫他离开。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据第一段中“On the eighty-fifth day, he ventures far into the Gulf Stream, where he hooks a massive marlin — a fish larger than his own boat.(在第八十五天，他冒险驶入墨西哥湾流深处，在那里他钓到了一条巨大的马林鱼——一条比他的船还大的鱼)”和第二段中“The marlin drags Santiago’s boat for two days and nights. The old man, weakened by hunger and exhaustion, battles the fish with every ounce of strength, refusing to surrender.(马林鱼拖着圣地亚哥的船两天两夜。老人因饥饿和疲惫而虚弱不堪，但他用尽每一丝力气与鱼搏斗，拒绝投降)”可知，马林鱼考验了圣地亚哥的决心，所以它象征着对圣地亚哥决心的考验。故选C项。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段中“Hemingway’s story is a celebration of human endurance: Santiago proves that defeat in action can coexist with victory in spirit.(海明威的故事是对人类耐力的颂扬：圣地亚哥证明了行动上的失败可以与精神上的胜利并存)”以及文中圣地亚哥与马林鱼和鲨鱼搏斗的整个过程可知，海明威在《老人与海》中强调的主题是毅力的力量。故选D项。 Passage 4 （2025上海市控江中学·高一下·期末） The Battle of Gettysburg was fought between July 1 and July 3,1863. It was one of the bloodiest battles in the American Civil War, with over 51,000 casualties (伤亡人员). Abraham Lincoln was asked to deliver a message at the dedication of the Gettysburg Civil War Cemetery on November 19,1863. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The featured speaker for the occasion was Edward Everett, a former dean of Harvard University, and one of the most famous orators (演说家) of his day. It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while on his way to Gettysburg. Later that night, alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. His speech lasted an hour and 57 minutes and it was a perfect example of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15,000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for less than three minutes, and the photographer standing in front of him didn’t even have time to take a picture. The speech was over almost before it began. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and said, “I have failed again.” But little by little, as people read the speech, they began to like its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made. Now it is recognized as one of the most powerful statements in the English language and, in fact, one of the most important expressions of freedom and liberty-in-any language. Indeed, Everett afterward wrote to Lincoln “I wish that I could flatter myself that I had come as near to the central idea of the occasion in two hours as you did in two minutes.” 13．Lincoln was invited to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery, as ________. A．he had made great contributions to the Civil War B．he was one of the most popular orators of his day C．he was president of the United States at the time D．he was a friend of the featured speaker Everett 14．It can be learned from the passage that ________. A．Lincoln made the speech in the hope that the war would end B．Lincoln seemed not to have had a lot of time to prepare his speech C．it was the first time that Lincoln’s speech had ended in failure D．it was on the train to Gettysburg that Lincoln redrafted his speech 15．In the last paragraph, “the central idea” probably refers to ________. A．freedom and liberty B．fame and wealth C．power of language D．recognition of the public 16．From what Everett wrote to Lincoln, we learn that ________. A．he felt a bit jealous about Lincoln’s success B．he regretted making a speech in Lincoln’s presence C．he thought Lincoln’s speech was short but powerful D．he was confident in his ability to make a better speech next time 【答案】13．C 14．B 15．A 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了林肯在葛底斯堡公墓落成典礼上发表演讲的经过及其演讲的影响。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Abraham Lincoln was asked to deliver a message at the dedication of the Gettysburg Civil War Cemetery on November 19,1863. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. (1863年11月19日，亚伯拉罕·林肯被邀请在葛底斯堡内战公墓落成典礼上发表讲话。内战仍在继续。当时对林肯总统有很多批评。他被邀请在葛底斯堡演讲只是出于礼貌。)”可知，林肯被邀请在葛底斯堡国家士兵公墓发表演讲，是因为他是当时的美国总统。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while on his way to Gettysburg. Later that night, alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech. (据说林肯是在去葛底斯堡的火车上准备演讲的。那天晚上晚些时候，他独自一人在旅馆房间里，疲惫不堪，又对演讲进行了简短的准备。)”可知，林肯似乎没有太多时间准备他的演讲。故选B。 15．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Now it is recognized as one of the most powerful statements in the English language and, in fact, one of the most important expressions of freedom and liberty-in-any language. Indeed, Everett afterward wrote to Lincoln “I wish that I could flatter myself that I had come as near to the central idea of the occasion in two hours as you did in two minutes.” (如今，它被公认为英语中最具影响力的表述之一，事实上，也是任何语言中关于自由理念的最重要表达之一。事实上，埃弗雷特后来写信给林肯说：“我希望我能自夸一下，我在两个小时内所表达的the central idea与你两分钟内所表达的一样接近。”)”可知，林肯的演讲强调了自由，所以此处埃弗雷特在信中提到的the central idea指的是“自由”。故选A。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Indeed, Everett afterward wrote to Lincoln “I wish that I could flatter myself that I had come as near to the central idea of the occasion in two hours as you did in two minutes.” (事实上，埃弗雷特后来写信给林肯说：“我希望我能自夸一下，我在两个小时内所表达的中心思想与你两分钟内所表达的一样接近。”)”可知，埃弗雷特认为林肯的演讲虽然简短但却很有力量。故选C。 Passage 5 （2025上海市上海交通大学附属中学·高一下·期末） At 45, I noticed my first gray hairs, and my hairdresser claimed she had a special elixir (灵丹妙药) to naturally and almost undetectably mask them. Unsure whether to start this operation, I studied my reflection, realizing the gray was more widespread than I had admitted. Instead of merely threading between darker hairs, the gray had taken over large sections of my head, particularly on the sides and back. “I suggest we leave some in,” my hairdresser proposed, “just enough to make you look distinguished.” I nodded, but the word “distinguished” felt like a polite synonym for “old”. For seven years, I followed this monthly ritual, each time hoping to hide the gray, though my wife insisted that gray hair looked great on men my age, pointing to silver-haired celebrities like George Clooney and Anderson Cooper. They were silver foxes, and I envied their confident acceptance of their aging looks. One afternoon, my wife broke her silence, telling me my hair had turned green from the dye. She suggested I let my natural gray come through. In an attempt to accept this change, I visited a beauty shop in Missoula, Montana. The stylist advised me to shave it off. Week by week, my gray hair grew back, forcing me to face up to my aging appearance with a new clarity. The final push came at a New York City sandwich shop. After taking my order, one of the girls behind the counter asked if she could ask me something. The girl, who appeared to be 18 or so, followed with something like: “It’s not that I think you look old or anything, but when was doo-wop? Do you remember? Doo-wop music? When was that? The’ 50s? The’ 40s?” “Late’50s, early’60s,” I said coolly. Did the girl really think that I’d been on the scene then, or did she merely find me professional, a man who appeared to be rich in general knowledge? “That must have been so cool,” she said. “Walking around hearing singing on all the corners!” I suddenly found my gray hair was nothing bad. Interestingly, I’ve never dyed my hair since then. Now, I have grown comfortable with my gray hair. On good days, I even feel a bit like those silver-haired celebrities. However, I still avoid my old hairdresser, not wanting to confront the failure of our shared secret. Instead, I accept my silver hair as part of who I am. 17．What does the writer’ wife think of his gray hair? A．She believes it makes him look great. B．She suggests he should dye it a different color. C．She thinks it distinguishes him from celebrities. D．She criticizes his decision to stop dyeing his hair. 18．The word “synonym”(paragraph 2)is closest in meaning to ______. A．opposite B．equivalent C．pretense D．behavior 19．How did the girl in the sandwich shop affect the writer? A．She complimented his gray hair, boosting his self-confidence greatly. B．She mentioned an old type of music, trying to check his age. C．She asked him a question, making him feel good about himself. D．She recommended a regular hair dye, influencing his decision to change his hair color. 20．What is the passage mainly about? A．The writer’s journey towards accepting his natural gray hair. B．The writer’s struggle with maintaining his hairstyle over years. C．The writer’s experience with different hairdressers and their advice. D．The writer’s admiration for silver-haired celebrities like George Clooney. 【答案】17．A 18．B 19．C 20．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。45岁时作者发现白发，染了七年后头发变绿，妻子建议自然生长，后因女孩询问老歌年代释然，不再染发。 17．细节理解题。根据第三段“For seven years, I followed this monthly ritual, each time hoping to hide the gray, though my wife insisted that gray hair looked great on men my age, pointing to silver-haired celebrities like George Clooney and Anderson Cooper. They were silver foxes, and I envied their confident acceptance of their aging looks.(七年来，我每月都坚持这个习惯，每次都希望能掩盖白发，尽管妻子坚持认为白发在我这个年纪的男人身上很好看，还指着乔治·克鲁尼和安德森·库珀等银发名人为例。他们是魅力十足的银发男士，我羡慕他们能自信地接受自己衰老的模样)”可知，作者的妻子认为作者的白发让他看起来很帅气。故选A。 18．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文““I suggest we leave some in,” my hairdresser proposed, “just enough to make you look distinguished.”(“我建议咱们留一些白发，” 我的理发师提议道，“白发刚好能让你显得有格调”)”以及“I nodded, but the word “distinguished” felt like a polite(我点了点头，但“格调”这个词听起来就像是……)”可知，发型师建议作者留一些白发，看起来更加有“格调”，但作者认为“格调”这个词就等同于“年长”的意思。故划线词意思是“相等的”。故选B。 19．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“The final push came at a New York City sandwich shop. After taking my order, one of the girls behind the counter asked if she could ask me something. The girl, who appeared to be 18 or so, followed with something like: “It’s not that I think you look old or anything, but when was doo-wop? Do you remember? Doo-wop music? When was that? The’ 50s? The’ 40s?”(最后的契机出现在纽约市一家三明治店里。当我点完单后，柜台后的一个女孩问能不能请教我一个问题。这个看上去十八九岁的姑娘接着说道：“倒不是说觉得您显老什么的，就是想问问嘟・喔普音乐是什么时候的？您还记得吗？嘟・喔普音乐啊，那是啥时候的？五十年代？还是四十年代？)”以及倒数第二段““That must have been so cool,” she said. “Walking around hearing singing on all the corners!” I suddenly found my gray hair was nothing bad. Interestingly, I’ve never dyed my hair since then.(“那一定很酷，”她说。“四处走动，到处都能听到歌声！”我突然发现我的白发并没有什么不好。有趣的是，从那以后我再也没有染过头发)”可知，在那家三明治店里的那个女孩向作者提了一个问题，这让作者感到自己很出色。故选C。 20．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Instead, I accept my silver hair as part of who I am.(相反，我接受自己银色的头发，把它当作自己的一部分)”结合文章讲述了45岁时作者发现白发，染了七年后头发变绿，妻子建议自然生长，后因女孩询问老歌年代释然，不再染发。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是作者逐渐接受自己天生灰白头发的过程。故选A。 语篇类型三: 说明文（4篇） Passage 1 （2026上海市晋元高级中学·高一下） It was a freezing winter’s day in London. Many customers flocked into a Blank Street store and placed orders for iced matcha lattes. Such is the craze for matcha that fans are willing to risk frostbite(冻疮) to get their hands on one. Blank Street, a coffee-shop chain, claims that it sells some form of the green-tea-based drink “every four seconds” from its 80-odd shops in Britain and America. In Japan, the world’s leading producer of matcha, the export value of tea in 2023 rose by 33% from the previous year. The global market for matcha-based products is worth around $4.24 billion and will grow around 53% by 2029, predicts the Business Research Company, a consultancy. Matcha is big on social media: videos tagged #Matcha on TikTok have more than 15 billion views. Asia is responsible for more than 40% of matcha consumption; as well as going into bottled, premixed drinks, the powder is used in ice cream, biscuits and rice cakes. Matcha is made from ground leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. Tea culture developed in China during the Tang Dynasty. Myoan Eisai, a Japanese monk, came across it while travelling there in the 12th century; he brought seeds back to Japan and wrote a book praising green tea’s benefits, describing it as “the elixir of the immortals.” Matcha later spread through Japanese polite society with the rise of the tea ceremony. What explains the drink’s newfound popularity outside Asia? Matcha experts try to convince people that it is a healthier alternative to coffee. Some studies suggest that green tea’s antioxidants can help stave off (延缓) cardiovascular(心血管的) disease, improve gut health and speed up metabolism (新陈代谢). It also gives a steady boost of energy, compared with the surge and crash of a cup of coffee. A coffee contains around 100-200mg of caffeine; a matcha contains around 70mg, as well as L-theanine, an amino acid (氨基酸), which together improve concentration and alertness. Gen Z and millennials — who drink less coffee than their elders, spend more time online and care about wellness — are seeking it out. The irony is that much of matcha’s growth in the West is driven by flavoured matcha lattes, which are full of sugar. The future may not be all that sweet, however. Tea production in Japan is decreasing, as is the area of land being used for cultivation; farmers are retiring and are put off by rising prices for fertiliser and other essentials. Lovers of the trendy iced beverage may soon feel a chill when it comes to their bill. 1．Which of the following best illustrates the popularity of matcha described in the first three paragraphs? A．Blank Street focuses on selling green tea drinks in all of its stores. B．Matcha has replaced coffee as the most consumed beverage in Western countries. C．The majority of matcha consumption and social media views originate from Asia. D．The global market value of matcha products is predicted to see a significant increase within a few years. 2．What was crucial to the spread of matcha in Japan? A．The official promotion of tea culture in the Tang Dynasty. B．Its wide use in various food products like ice cream and biscuits. C．Its introduction by a monk and its association with the tea ceremony. D．The publication of a book promoting its benefits by a Chinese scholar. 3．What is the main reason for matcha’s growing popularity outside Asia? A．It improves focus and alertness mainly due to its lack of L-theanine. B．It is marketed as a healthier option with a sustained energy boost compared to coffee. C．It contains significantly more caffeine than coffee, providing a stronger stimulant effect. D．Scientific studies have conclusively proven that it can prevent all cardiovascular diseases. 4．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph imply? A．Youngsters will realize that the health benefits of matcha are exaggerated. B．Matcha lattes will likely become less popular due to their overly sweet taste. C．Future matcha products will probably contain less sugar and taste less sweet. D．Challenges of tea production in Japan may lead to higher prices for matcha products. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】主要介绍抹茶在全球尤其是西方的流行趋势，探讨其流行原因，包括社交媒体推动、被宣传为更健康饮品等，同时也指出日本抹茶生产面临的问题可能影响其未来价格。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The global market for matcha-based products is worth around $4.24 billion and will grow around 53% by 2029, predicts the Business Research Company, a consultancy.(咨询公司商业研究公司预测，全球抹茶产品市场价值约为42.4亿美元，到2029年将增长约53%。)”可知，全球抹茶产品市场价值预计在几年内将显著增长，这最能说明抹茶的流行。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Matcha is made from ground leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. Tea culture developed in China during the Tang Dynasty. Myoan Eisai, a Japanese monk, came across it while travelling there in the 12th century; he brought seeds back to Japan and wrote a book praising green tea’s benefits, describing it as “the elixir of the immortals.” Matcha later spread through Japanese polite society with the rise of the tea ceremony.(12世纪，日本僧人荣西在游历中国时接触到了抹茶；他把种子带回日本，并写了一本书赞扬绿茶的益处，将其描述为 “长生不老药”。后来，随着茶道的兴起，抹茶在日本上流社会传播开来)”可知，一位僧人将抹茶引入日本并著书称赞，以及茶道的兴起，对抹茶在日本的传播至关重要。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“What explains the drink’s newfound popularity outside Asia? Matcha experts try to convince people that it is a healthier alternative to coffee. Some studies suggest that green tea’s antioxidants can help stave off (延缓) cardiovascular(心血管的) disease, improve gut health and speed up metabolism (新陈代谢). It also gives a steady boost of energy, compared with the surge and crash of a cup of coffee.(如何解释这种饮品在亚洲以外地区新获得的受欢迎程度呢？抹茶专家试图让人们相信，与咖啡相比，它是一种更健康的选择。一些研究表明，绿茶中的抗氧化剂有助于延缓心血管疾病、改善肠道健康和加快新陈代谢。与一杯咖啡带来的能量激增和骤降相比，它还能稳定地提升能量)”可知，抹茶在亚洲以外越来越受欢迎的主要原因是它被宣传为比咖啡更健康且能持续提升能量的饮品。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Tea production in Japan is decreasing, as is the area of land being used for cultivation; farmers are retiring and are put off by rising prices for fertiliser and other essentials. Lovers of the trendy iced beverage may soon feel a chill when it comes to their bill.(日本的茶叶产量在下降，用于种植的土地面积也在减少；农民们正在退休，而且被化肥和其他必需品价格的上涨所阻碍。这种时尚冰饮的爱好者们可能很快就会在结账时感到一阵寒意。）可知，日本茶叶生产面临诸多问题，这可能导致抹茶产品价格上涨，所以画线句子暗示日本茶叶生产的挑战可能导致抹茶产品价格升高。 Passage 2 （2025山东省实验中学·高一下） Deep in the forests in the Siem Reap Province, Cambodia, the five lotus-flower-shaped towers of the large Angkor Wat stand tall towards the sky. When tourists arrive at the main gate, they will be attracted to the large temple (庙宇). Angkor Wat was part of a city as big as London. This city was at the center of an empire that covered areas from southern Vietnam to Laos, and from the Mekong River to Eastern Myanmar between the 9th and 15th centuries. By around 1500 A．D．, the Khmer capital was left behind empty, most likely after heavy floods and long droughts. Later, forests were all around the temples and buildings that lay hidden until their rediscovery in 1860. Angkor Wat’s inclusion in UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1992 marked a milestone in the country’s recovery. The action of the protection and development of this cultural site is a typical example of international solidarity and proves to be one of UNESCO’s most important achievements. Thirty countries and a group of experts were brought together to work on scientific projects for the restoration (修复) of these amazing sites. The aim was to support long-term and environmentally friendly progress. Angkor has become a living laboratory showing the beauty of historic buildings. Walking through the temple, people see hundreds of beautiful figures on the walls telling the stories of these ancient people, and long hallways lined with many attractive supports. The fact that Angkor was taken off UNESCO’s List of World Heritage in Danger just twelve years later is a great achievement for most people of Cambodia. A large number of visitors from all over the world make their journey there enjoying the beautiful scenery. The large site now supports 700,000 local people and attracts some five million visitors whose flow (流动量) must be controlled each year. The local organizations in charge are carrying out several projects to encourage better development of the tourism industry. In this way, they hope to improve the lives of communities. 5．What probably caused people to leave the Khmer capital? A．The national wars. B．Its lack of forests. C．The natural disasters. D．Its inconvenient location. 6．What does the underlined word “solidarity” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Joint effort. B．Good judgment. C．High recognition. D．Serious competition. 7．What may Cambodian people take great pride in according to the author? A．The stories about the figures on the temple walls. B．The fact that Angkor is used for scientific studies. C．The good recovery of their cultural sites in a short time. D．The inclusion of Angkor in UNESCO’s World Heritage List. 8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The flow of visitors to Angkor keeps rising. B．Tourism is being improved to benefit local living. C．The public is less worried about Angkor’s natural scenery. D．Tourism has had a negative influence on the local environment. 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了柬埔寨吴哥窟的历史、修复、文化价值及旅游业发展。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“By around 1500 A.D., the Khmer capital was left behind empty, most likely after heavy floods and long droughts.(到公元1500年左右，高棉首都可能在大洪水和长期干旱之后被遗弃。)”可知，自然灾害可能是导致人们离开高棉首都的原因。故选C。 6．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Angkor Wat’s inclusion in UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1992 marked a milestone in the country’s recovery. The action of the protection and development of this cultural site is a typical example of international solidarity and proves to be one of UNESCO’s most important achievements. Thirty countries and a group of experts were brought together to work on scientific projects for the restoration (修复) of these amazing sites. The aim was to support long-term and environmentally friendly progress.(1992年，吴哥窟被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，这标志着该国复兴进程中的一个重要里程碑。保护和开发这一文化遗址的行动是国际solidarity的典范，也是联合国教科文组织最重要的成就之一。三十个国家和一批专家齐聚一堂，共同开展科学项目，修复这些令人惊叹的遗址，旨在支持长期且环保的可持续发展。)”可知，保护和发展这一文化遗址的行动是国际合作的典型例子，故solidarity意思是“共同努力”。A. Joint effort.共同努力；B. Good judgment.好的判断；C. High recognition.高度认可；D. Serious competition.激烈的竞争。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The fact that Angkor was taken off UNESCO’s List of World Heritage in Danger just twelve years later is a great achievement for most people of Cambodia.(吴哥窟在仅仅12年后就被从联合国教科文组织的世界遗产濒危名录中移除，这对大多数柬埔寨人来说是一项伟大的成就。)”可知，作者认为，柬埔寨人民可能会为他们的文化遗址在短时间内得到良好修复而感到自豪。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The large site now supports 700,000 local people and attracts some five million visitors whose flow (流动量) must be controlled each year. The local organizations in charge are carrying out several projects to encourage better development of the tourism industry. In this way, they hope to improve the lives of communities.(这个大型遗址现在养活了70万当地人，每年吸引约500万游客，游客流量必须每年得到控制。负责的当地组织正在开展几个项目，以鼓励旅游业的更好发展。通过这种方式，他们希望改善社区的生活。)”可推知，旅游业正在改善以造福当地生活。故选B。 Passage 3 （2025上海市进才中学·高一下·期末） If five-year-olds could read academic research reports, they might be alarmed by what they would find in a recent one from the Stanford Center on Longevity. The report opened with a bit of promising news: “In the United States, demographers (人口统计学家) predict that as many as half of today’s five-year-olds can expect to live to the age of 100.” But that was followed, several pages down, by a haunting prediction: “Over the course of 100-year lives, we can expect to work for 60 years or more.” In the United States, the average retirement age is 62. For most people, 40 or so years of work is more than enough, so the idea of an additional 20 is depressing. Perhaps that’s because we are imagining 60 years of work as it is for many people today: inflexible, all-consuming, poorly matched to the rhythms of life. For the sake of the five-year-olds, we should redesign work. “We work increasingly harder through the years when we’re having children,” said Laura Carstensen, director of the Stanford Center on Longevity. Work and family responsibilities both commonly peak in mid-adulthood. They can be really stressful, especially for women, who primarily bear the heavy burden of childcare. To address this, Carstensen proposes allowing workers to scale their hours up or down throughout their careers, based on their responsibilities outside of paid work. She imagines two parents being able to temporarily reduce their full-time jobs to 20 hours a week when caring for their young children, and then gradually increasing their working hours later on. Under this model, people would work the same amount overall as they do now, but spread work out over more years of their lives. Moreover, working less during life’s “peak periods” would allow people to spend more time on their hobbies and with their friends. This could help avoid exhaustion. At some point in their 20s or 30s, many workers enter a season of life when jobs and families “steal” time from friendships. Temporarily reducing workloads could mitigate (缓和) that shift and allow people to live more varied lives. This vision makes a 60-year career feel manageable, but there are significant barriers to redesigning work in this way. “When we started having dual-earner households, that translated into people buying more stuff,” said Louis Hyman, a historian at Cornell University. So when people stay healthier for longer, it is unlikely that they will be able to opt out of working more. That said, retirement as we know it is a relatively new invention. Until the late 19th century, people typically worked until they were no longer physically able to. What has changed between then and now is that retirement became financially feasible. People’s incomes rose as productivity increased. And in the 1930s, the U. S. government started distributing Social Security payments to support people in their old age. It might be difficult to imagine a more humane style of work becoming the new norm. However, the world we are living in now would have been just as hard to imagine for our ancestors who-practically worked up until the moment they died. 9．What’s the main problem with today’s working career for most people? A．They may have to work full-time for as long as 60 years. B．They feel tired of having to engage in various social activities. C．They find it hard to be promoted when they have children. D．They struggle to balance their work and family commitments in middle age. 10．Which of the following chart might Laura Carstensen agree with about future career? A． B． C． D． 11．What might prevent people from retiring from work in the future? A．Unexpected health problems. B．The increasing desire for consumption. C．The busy schedule of parents. D．The Social Security payment. 12．What can be inferred form the last two paragraphs? A．Retirement is an idea that dates back to the Industrial Revolution. B．Retirement wouldn’t have become possible without economic progress. C．It was impossible for our ancestors to build up savings by doing a full-time job. D．Our ancestors worked until their death because of their poor working conditions. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．B 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了斯坦福长寿中心的一份研究报告，该报告指出如今的五岁儿童可能要工作60年甚至更久，这一现象引发了人们对工作与生活平衡的思考。文中还介绍了劳拉·卡斯滕森提出的弹性工作模式，以及未来人们可能难以退休的原因和退休制度的演变。 【详解】9．细节理解题。根据第三段““We work increasingly harder through the years when we’re having children,” said Laura Carstensen, director of the Stanford Center on Longevity. Work and family responsibilities both commonly peak in mid-adulthood. They can be really stressful, especially for women, who primarily bear the heavy burden of childcare. (斯坦福长寿中心主任劳拉·卡斯滕森说：“在生孩子的那几年里，我们的工作越来越辛苦。”工作和家庭责任通常都在中年达到顶峰。他们可能会感到压力很大，尤其是对女性来说，她们主要承担着照顾孩子的重担。)”可知，对于大多数人来说，如今职业生涯的主要问题在于他们在中年时难以平衡工作和家庭责任。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段“To address this, Carstensen proposes allowing workers to scale their hours up or down throughout their careers, based on their responsibilities outside of paid work. She imagines two parents being able to temporarily reduce their full-time jobs to 20 hours a week when caring for their young children, and then gradually increasing their working hours later on. Under this model, people would work the same amount overall as they do now, but spread work out over more years of their lives. (为了解决这个问题，卡斯滕森建议允许员工根据有偿工作以外的责任，在整个职业生涯中增加或减少工作时间。她想象着两位父母在照顾年幼的孩子时，能够暂时将全职工作减少到每周20小时，然后在晚些时候逐渐增加工作时间。在这种模式下，人们的工作总量将与现在相同，但工作将分散在他们生命的更多年份中。)”可知，未来职业模式应是人们根据非工作责任灵活调整工作时间，整体工作总量不变但分散到更多年份，C项图表符合这种工作模式，即工作时长随人生阶段灵活变化，整体工作总量稳定。故选C项。 11．细节理解题。根据第六段中““When we started having dual-earner households, that translated into people buying more stuff,” said Louis Hyman, a historian at Cornell University. So when people stay healthier for longer, it is unlikely that they will be able to opt out of working more. (康奈尔大学的历史学家路易斯·海曼说：“当我们开始出现双职工家庭时，这就意味着人们会购买更多的东西。”因此，当人们的健康状况保持得更久时，他们不太可能选择减少工作。)”可知，人们消费欲望的增加可能会阻止人们未来退休。故选B项。 12．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That said, retirement as we know it is a relatively new invention. Until the late 19th century, people typically worked until they were no longer physically able to. What has changed between then and now is that retirement became financially feasible. People’s incomes rose as productivity increased. And in the 1930s, the U. S. government started distributing Social Security payments to support people in their old age. (话虽如此，我们所知道的退休是一个相对较新的发明。直到19世纪后期，人们通常会一直工作到身体无法承受为止。从那时到现在发生变化的是，退休在经济上变得可行了。随着生产率的提高，人们的收入增加了。20世纪30年代，美国政府开始发放社会保障金，以支持老年人的生活。)”可知，没有经济的进步，退休就不可能实现。故选B项。 Passage 4 （2025上海市控江中学·高一下·期末） All over the world, from Baltimore to Auckland, coastal cities are facing the same issue: the regeneration of their docklands (码头区). These areas, which were once at the very heart of urban activity, have emptied over time as modern shipping requirements have moved the docks further out of town. The resultant migration of population and decline in commercial activity are two effects which therefore need to be addressed. A key factor in this has been the growth of the container industry, now responsible for over 75% of goods transported worldwide. As a consequence of this, ships have progressively increased in size to such a degree that larger docks are required and more sophisticated and efficient cranes. This has led to the decline of city-centre docks along with services and homes connected to them. Another direct result of this is that ships spend less time in port, and thus there are fewer crew members spending money in these areas. One alternative source of revenue is the cruise industry, with a number of cities building facilities for cruise liners which can bring over 5,000 tourists into a place in one day. As a result of this migration from waterfront areas, hundreds of acres of land have been left to waste away. This has meant in some cities an increase in crime in these parts as gangs have taken control and squatters (擅自占用他人房子的人) have taken up residence. As the situation has got worse, the appeal of these areas for locals or tourists has decreased. This vicious circle can only be broken through redevelopment. Governments, therefore, have had to make important financial and strategic decisions about these waterfronts, whether they are giving onto a river, a lake, a bay or the sea. In Baltimore, for example, the decision was taken to regenerate the docklands as an area for professional offices and small start-ups as well as remarketing the area as a destination for conferences, events, cyclists and urban tourists. This meant that all the services and infrastructure required for these segments had to be put in place. I think the statistics attached prove that the project was a great success, due in part to the consultation and planning stages, which led to a unified plan. In conclusion, I would state that although it is sad to see the decline of such important historical waterfront areas, the resulting renovation can lead to economic and social improvements of great value. I would therefore strongly advocate regeneration plans which bring services, activity and people back to these wastelands and which restore them to an important role in the city. 13．The second paragraph is mainly about ________. A．changes in shipping B．the decline of the docklands C．a solution to docklands’ decline D．the rise of the cruise industry 14．Migration from the docklands had led to ________. A．poverty B．homelessness C．an increase in crime D．less appealing residences 15．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Baltimore handled the planning stages well. B．The Baltimore regeneration was mainly for tourists. C．These days, crew members spend a lot of time in port spending money. D．Overall, the author is not in favour of the regeneration of dockland areas. 16．The last paragraph offers ________. A．a regeneration plan that is worth advocating B．another example of renovation that succeeds C．an accurate prediction about waterfronts’ future D．the author’s perspective on improving waterfront areas 【答案】13．A 14．C 15．A 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球沿海城市码头区面临衰落问题及再开发的重要性。 13．主旨大意题。根据第二段“A key factor in this has been the growth of the container industry, now responsible for over 75% of goods transported worldwide. As a consequence of this, ships have progressively increased in size to such a degree that larger docks are required and more sophisticated and efficient cranes. This has led to the decline of city-centre docks along with services and homes connected to them. Another direct result of this is that ships spend less time in port, and thus there are fewer crew members spending money in these areas. One alternative source of revenue is the cruise industry, with a number of cities building facilities for cruise liners which can bring over 5,000 tourists into a place in one day. (其中一个关键因素是集装箱行业的发展，目前该行业负责全球超过75%的货物运输。因此，船只的尺寸逐渐增大，以至于需要更大的码头和更先进高效的起重机。这导致了市中心码头以及与之相连的服务和住宅的衰落。另一个直接结果是，船只在港口停留的时间更少，因此在这些地区消费的船员也更少。另一个替代收入来源是邮轮业，许多城市正在为邮轮建造设施，这些邮轮一天之内可以将5000多名游客带到某个地方)”可知，第二段主要讲述了航运方面的变化。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“As a result of this migration from waterfront areas, hundreds of acres of land have been left to waste away. This has meant in some cities an increase in crime in these parts as gangs have taken control and squatters (擅自占用他人房子的人) have taken up residence. (由于从滨水区迁出，数百英亩的土地被荒废。这意味着在一些城市，这些地区的犯罪率有所上升，因为帮派控制了这些地区，擅自占用他人房子的人也住进了这些地区)”可知，从码头区迁出导致了犯罪率的上升。故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In Baltimore, for example, the decision was taken to regenerate the docklands as an area for professional offices and small start-ups as well as remarketing the area as a destination for conferences, events, cyclists and urban tourists. (例如，在巴尔的摩，政府决定将码头区重建为专业办公室和小型初创企业的区域，并将其重新推广为会议、活动、自行车爱好者和城市游客的目的地)”和倒数第二段“I think the statistics attached prove that the project was a great success, due in part to the consultation and planning stages, which led to a unified plan. (这意味着必须为这些领域提供所需的所有服务和基础设施。我认为，随附的统计数据证明该项目取得了巨大成功，部分原因在于咨询和规划阶段的工作，这些工作促成了一个统一的计划)”可知，巴尔的摩很好地处理了规划阶段。故选A。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, I would state that although it is sad to see the decline of such important historical waterfront areas, the resulting renovation can lead to economic and social improvements of great value. I would therefore strongly advocate regeneration plans which bring services, activity and people back to these wastelands and which restore them to an important role in the city. (总之，我要说的是，尽管看到如此重要的历史滨水区的衰落令人悲伤，但由此产生的改造可以带来巨大的经济和社会改善。因此，我强烈主张实施再生计划，将服务、活动和人员带回这些荒地，并使其在城市中重新发挥重要作用)”可知，最后一段提供了作者对改善滨水区的看法。故选D。 语篇类型三: 议论文（4篇） Passage 1 （2024上海市建平中学·高一下·期末） To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example seems oversimplified. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore, we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do”. Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do. There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to achieve his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a screaming is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults award some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves. In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players. Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success. 1．According to the passage, to teach a child to learn something, parents should ________. A．view from the child’s perspective B．simplify each action shown to the child C．follow the theory of imitation D．set a good example for the child to copy 2．Which of the following situation will lead a child to seek for a model? A．The child comes up with a solution to an issue. B．The child is blamed by parents for his/her wrongdoing. C．The child encounters a professional who can get the right result. D．The child is in trouble and cannot figure out an approach. 3．It can be inferred that children usually imitate people ________. A．whose talent and skill are extraordinary B．whose actions are consistent with theirs C．whom they want to be shaped into D．who enjoy a high social status 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The reason for parenting by imitation. B．The factors determining children’s imitation. C．The significance of learning by imitation. D．The way children choose models. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨儿童模仿学习的复杂性，分析儿童寻求模仿对象的场景、选择模仿对象的依据及社会评价对其模仿行为的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.(从孩子的角度来看。他处于一个新的情境中，没有现成的应对方法。他在寻求一种能达到特定目的的应对方式。如果他对这种情境没有现成的应对方法，也无法推理出该做什么，他就会观察一个似乎能得到正确结果的榜样。孩子会寻找一个能指导他该做什么的权威人士或专家。)”可知，要教孩子学习，家长应从孩子的角度出发，理解其在新情境中对榜样的需求，而非单纯设定榜样。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result.(他处于一个新的情境中，没有现成的应对方法。他在寻求一种能达到特定目的的应对方式。如果他对这种情境没有现成的应对方法，也无法推理出该做什么，他就会观察一个似乎能得到正确结果的榜样。)”可知，当孩子陷入困境且无法想出解决方法时，会寻求榜样。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players.(他会模仿那些看起来值得成为的人，而不是那些他希望避免拥有其社会地位的人。如果一个学生想成为一名优秀的小提琴手，他会观察并努力模仿有能力的演奏者的技巧。)”可知，儿童通常模仿那些他们希望成为的人。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段指出“儿童模仿并非简单的‘有样学样’”，第二段分析“儿童在无应对方法时会寻求榜样”，第三段说明“社会评价会影响儿童的模仿行为”，第四、五段阐述“儿童会选择值得成为的人作为模仿对象”，结合全文内容可知，文章围绕“决定儿童模仿行为的多种因素”展开。故选B项。 Passage 2 （2025 上海市复旦大学附属中学·高一下·期末） It’s easy to feel as though you’re doing something wrong these days if you don’t know your VO2-Max and how many hours of REM sleep you get each night, or if you’re not taking a dozen different supplements and scrutinizing every bite of food that makes its way into your mouth. “Biohackers” and other longevity seekers would have you believe that if you diligently measure your every bodily function and meticulously tailor your nutrition and exercise routine, you can reprogram your body to live longer and evade dreaded diseases. These folks’ logical flaw is to assume that the biological processes in your body are just as predictable and controllable as a microchip. What they don’t understand, or choose to ignore, is that the human organism is far too complex and unpredictable for that level of control. Take, for example, a recent fad among people without diabetes to closely monitor their bodies’ glucose (葡萄糖) levels. They claim to use the data generated by these devices to learn how to customize their diet for optimal glucose levels. The trouble is that our bodies’ glucose response to food intake is far too inconsistent to produce informative results. Researchers in a recent study fed participants identical meals separated by one week in a highly controlled hospital environment, while the participants wore continuous glucose monitors. Even when eating identical meals under these artificial conditions, the glucose measurements from a given participant looked no more similar than when the participants each ate an entirely different meal. A scatter chart the researchers made comparing the glucose results from one meal against the identical meal a week later looked like it could have been made by a person throwing darts blindfolded. Randomness is inherent to life. Our parents’ chromosomes (染色体) are shuffled like a deck of cards before we receive half of each of their genetic code. Diseases are often the result of random processes. More than two-thirds of cancer-causing mutations are not due to anything we’ve put our bodies through. They are the unavoidable result of random errors introduced in our DNA by the molecular machines that copy our DNA before our cells divide.   There is a growing industry of people and companies selling biohacking advice, tracking devices, and supplements. They believe they are selling people hope for better health. In reality, they may be selling people guilt that they haven’t done more already to control their health and may create a burden of unachievable expectations. Of course, none of this is meant to imply that there is nothing we can do to affect our health. Basic health maxims (箴言) still apply: Don’t smoke. Don’t drink excessive amounts of alcohol. If you’re obese, lose some weight. Control your blood pressure and cholesterol. Exercise. Get age-appropriate vaccinations and cancer screens. But obsessing over minute-to-minute changes in your glucose level or tracking your blood levels of a dozen different vitamins and minerals is unlikely to make a massive impact on your health. If you’re doing these things because you believe you can exert complete control over your health outcomes like a programmer writing a piece of code, my message is: Don’t sweat the small stuff. 5．The glucose monitoring study is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to demonstrate that ______. A．identical meals produce identical bodily responses B．the human body is highly variable and unpredictable C．continuous glucose monitors are inaccurate D．hospital conditions affect metabolic rates 6．The passage states that most cancer-causing mutations occur because of ______. A．inherited genetic defects B．environmental toxin exposure C．random DNA replication error D．terrible food choices 7．Which of the following behaviors does the expression “Don’t sweat the small stuff” (last paragraph) criticize? A．overemphasizing trivial biological data B．neglecting fundamental health principles C．rejecting cutting-edge medical technology D．underestimating genetic factors 8．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Genetic testing provides the most reliable health predictions among all forms of biohacking. B．Biohacking shifts the blame onto individuals for health problems that are often just bad luck. C．More advanced technology is needed to fully understand complex human biological systems. D．Ignoring modern health technologies is the key to better well-being. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述生物黑客等长寿追求者观点的逻辑缺陷，指出人体复杂不可控，无需过度关注细节。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The trouble is that our bodies’ glucose response to food intake is far too inconsistent to produce informative results. Researchers in a recent study fed participants identical meals separated by one week in a highly controlled hospital environment, while the participants wore continuous glucose monitors. Even when eating identical meals under these artificial conditions, the glucose measurements from a given participant looked no more similar than when the participants each ate an entirely different meal. (问题在于，我们身体对食物摄入的葡萄糖反应极不稳定，无法得出有参考价值的结果。近期一项研究中，研究人员在高度可控的医院环境中，让参与者间隔一周食用完全相同的餐食，同时让他们佩戴持续葡萄糖监测仪。即便在这种人为控制的条件下食用相同餐食，同一参与者的葡萄糖测量结果之间的相似性，也并不比他们各自食用完全不同餐食时更高。)”可知，第三段提到葡萄糖监测研究是为了证明人体具有高度可变性和不可预测性。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“More than two-thirds of cancer-causing mutations are not due to anything we’ve put our bodies through. They are the unavoidable result of random errors introduced in our DNA by the molecular machines that copy our DNA before our cells divide. (超过三分之二的致癌突变不是由于我们对身体所做的任何事情。它们是细胞分裂前复制DNA的分子机器在DNA中引入随机错误的不可避免的结果。)”可知，文章指出大多数致癌突变的发生是因为随机的DNA复制错误。故选C项。 7．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“But obsessing over minute-to-minute changes in your glucose level or tracking your blood levels of a dozen different vitamins and minerals is unlikely to make a massive impact on your health. (但是，沉迷于葡萄糖水平的每分钟变化或追踪十几种不同维生素和矿物质的血液水平不太可能对您的健康产生巨大影响。)”可知，沉迷于健康数据不太可能对健康产生巨大影响，由此可知，作者反对过度关注琐碎的生理数据，所以划线句子“Don’t sweat the small stuff. (不要为小事烦恼。)”批评了“过度强调琐碎的生物数据”的行为。故选A项。 8．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“There is a growing industry of people and companies selling biohacking advice, tracking devices, and supplements. They believe they are selling people hope for better health. In reality, they may be selling people guilt that they haven’t done more already to control their health and may create a burden of unachievable expectations. (越来越多的人和公司出售生物黑客建议、追踪设备和补充剂。他们认为自己在向人们出售改善健康的希望。实际上，他们可能在让人们感到内疚，因为他们没有做更多的事情来控制自己的健康，并可能造成无法实现的期望的负担。)”可推断，生物黑客将健康问题的责任推给个人，而这些问题往往只是运气不好。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2025 上海市闵行区六校联考·高一下·期末） Saved or Stolen? The British Museum has a well-earned reputation as an “encyclopaedic” museum, with a global story told through eight million objects. Inside, a wide-ranging collection includes everything from prehistoric pottery to precious handmade jewellery from India and Ming Dynasty vases from China. The museum helps us understand how events that happened at different times and in different places were connected, and how they influenced each other. Indeed, this was the vision of its founder, Sir Hans Sloane, who tried setting up cross-cultural comparisons in his original collection in 1753. As you walk around the British Museum today, it’s clear that Sloane’s broad-minded vision is very much alive and well. What’s less clear is how the museum acquired many of the objects on display and whether they should remain there. The collection has an obvious political dimension: while some objects have a well-documented history, others were added during Britain’s colonial period, so it’s possible they were stolen from famous archaeological sites or acquired in the war. Imagine having an important national monument from your country kept permanently in another country. How would you feel? Would you try to get the country to return it? It’s not surprising that many countries have gone on to ask for their treasures back. However; where they should be kept is a question that is still heatedly debated. The Rosetta Stone is a well-known exhibit that illustrates this problem. Carved in 196BCE, the stone was the key to unlocking the language of the ancient Egyptians. It was first discovered in 1799 near the town of el-Rashid (Rosetta) by soldiers in Napoleon’s army, but on Napoleon’s defeat in 1801, it became the property of the British. Many of the museum’s treasures were acquired in a similar way, but unsurprisingly, the British Museum is reluctant to let the Rosetta Stone go. It argues that more people see the Stone in London than they would in Cairo, the location is more secure and the exhibit is a critical part of its global collection. The Egyptian government has other ideas and is trying to persuade the museum to return it. They claim that it’s important for their nation’s history and identity, and that many Egyptians can’t afford to go to London to see it. But the British Museum won’t let the Rosetta Stone go, even as a loan, as they fear it won’t be returned. The British Museum is a place dedicated to international understanding, and the advantages of an encyclopaedic museum are clear to see: “We need to explore common ground, how people perceive their relationship to each other...and (to) see human history as an ongoing joint project,” explains MacGregor, former director of the British Museum. But this attempt to bring different cultures together has been self-defeating, ultimately having the opposite effect: taking treasures from other countries has resulted in never-ending international arguments and frosty relations with foreign governments. So as you admire the breathtaking objects on display at the museum, think about their heritage. Remember to ask yourself: Does the end justify the means? Is taking an object for a museum different from theft? And shouldn’t important objects be exhibited where they were originally made? 9．Which of the following words is similar in meaning to “encyclopaedic” (paragraph 1) ? A．being famous for its modern exhibitions. B．focusing only on ancient artifacts. C．containing a wide range of knowledge or information. D．owned by a private collector for personal use. 10．Why does the British Museum refuse to return the Rosetta Stone to Egypt? A．Because Egypt lacks the financial resources to protect it. B．Because more visitors can see it in London and its location is safer. C．Because the stone was legally purchased during colonial times. D．Because the Egyptian government has not formally requested its return. 11．The author’s attitude toward the British Museum’s argument is ______. A．strongly supportive B．completely neutral C．slightly skeptical D．openly against 12．What can be inferred about the “encyclopaedic museum” vision? A．It ignores the historical context of artifact acquisition. B．It successfully promotes global cultural harmony. C．It intentionally worsen international tensions. D．It prioritizes scientific research over national heritage. 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕大英博物馆展品来源及归属问题展开讨论，以罗塞塔石碑为例，指出该馆拒绝归还他国文物引发争议，质疑其做法的合理性。 9．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“The British Museum has a well-earned reputation as an “encyclopaedic” museum, with a global story told through eight million objects. Inside, a wide ranging collection includes everything from prehistoric pottery to precious handmade jewellery from India and Ming Dynasty vases from China. (大英博物馆作为一座“encyclopaedic”博物馆实至名归，馆藏八百万件文物向世人述说着全球文明的故事。其浩瀚馆藏包罗万象，从史前陶器到印度手工精制珠宝，再到中国明代瓷器，无不尽收其中)”可知，大英博物馆的藏品范围广泛，涵盖了不同时期和不同地区的物品，包罗万象。所以“encyclopaedic”意思应是包含广泛的知识或信息，与C项“containing a wide range of knowledge or information”意思相近。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many of the museum’s treasures were acquired in a similar way, but unsurprisingly, the British Museum is reluctant to let the Rosetta Stone go. It argues that more people see the Stone in London than they would in Cairo, the location is more secure and the exhibit is a critical part of its global collection. (博物馆的许多宝藏都是以类似的方式获得的，但不出所料，大英博物馆不愿让罗塞塔石碑离开。它辩称，在伦敦看到这块石头的人比在开罗看到的人更多，存放地点更安全，而且该展品是其全球藏品的重要组成部分)”可知，大英博物馆拒绝将罗塞塔石碑归还给埃及是因为在伦敦有更多人能看到它，且存放地点更安全。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But this attempt to bring different cultures together has been self-defeating, ultimately having the opposite effect: taking treasures from other countries has resulted in never ending international arguments and frosty relations with foreign governments. (但这种将不同文化汇聚在一起的尝试适得其反，最终产生了相反的效果：从其他国家拿走珍宝导致了无休止的国际争论和与外国政府的冷淡关系)”可知，作者认为大英博物馆拿走他国珍宝的行为带来了负面结果，说明作者对大英博物馆拒绝归还文物的理由是公开反对的。故选D项。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段中“What’s less clear is how the museum acquired many of the objects on display and whether they should remain there. The collection has an obvious political dimension: while some objects have a well-documented history, others were added during Britain’s colonial period, so it’s possible they were stolen from famous archaeological sites or acquired in the war. (不太清楚的是，博物馆是如何获得许多展出物品的，以及这些物品是否应该继续留在那里。这些藏品具有明显的政治层面：虽然有些物品有详细的历史记录，但其他一些是在英国殖民时期增加的，所以它们有可能是从著名的考古遗址被盗走或在战争中获得的)”可知，大英博物馆所谓的“百科全书式博物馆”愿景忽略了文物获取的历史背景。故选A项。 Passage 4 （2025年全国高考一卷） While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 13．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A．Cars often get stuck on the road. B．Traffic accidents occur frequently. C．People walk less and drive more. D．Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 14．What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A．Keep their cities livable. B．Promote cultural diversity. C．Help the needy families. D．Make expressways accessible. 15．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A．They boosted the sales of cars. B．They turned out largely ineffective. C．They won government support. D．They advocated building new parks. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why the Rush? B．What’s Next? C．Where to Stay? D．Who to Blame? 【答案】13．C 14．A 15．B 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。 14．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacobs呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。 15．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? (我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“Why the Rush? (为何匆匆？)”质问“rush through (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。 Passage 1 （2025 上海市晋元高级中学） Home to the world’s most famous playwright, majestic castles and unique heritage, as well as peaceful gardens, cultural attractions and quaint tea rooms and pubs, south Warwickshire provides everything you need for a short stay or longer holiday. For this issue, “Discover Britain” has partnered with Shakespeare’s England, the official tourism board of the region, to offer one lucky winner and a guest the chance to make south Warwickshire their base for two days of discovery and adventure. Our winner will stay at the beautiful Mallory Court Hotel & Spa in Royal Leamington Spa, famous for its Regency architecture. Built in 1916, Mallory Court’s grand Edwin Lutyens-style main house is set amid 10 acres of green grounds. Meanwhile, 43 blissful bedrooms, a heavenly Elan Spa, and a three AA Rosette restaurant make this a typically English country house hotel. Of course, while you’re here, you’ll also want to visit some of the region’s top attractions, as outlined in this issue’s lead feature — and you can do so with just one ticket. The Explorer Pass, created and curated (筹办) by Shakespeare’s England and included in the prize, makes it easy to discover south Warwickshire’s many beauty spots, ancient castles and legendary tales. The pass allows entry into 18 unmissable sights, including the Shakespeare Distillery, Warwick Castle, Kenilworth Castle, Avon Boating and the British Motor Museum The pass also unlocks discounts in a vast range of places to eat, drink, shop and stay. The prize One lucky winner drawn at random from the entries received will enjoy the following: - A one-night stay for two, including breakfast, at Mallory Court Hotel & Spa - A romantic evening meal for two, overlooking the hotel grounds - Two two-day Explorer Passes, allowing entry to a choice of 18 different attractions How to enter You can enter in one of two ways. Either head online to www.discoverbritain.com/warwickshirecomp or complete and return the form below with your answer to the following question: Royal Leamington Spa is famous for which style of architecture? a) Gothic b) Regency c) Art Deco 1．What’s the purpose of publishing the passage? A．To arouse the public awareness of preserving the unique heritage in England. B．To test the readers on their knowledge of the cultural attractions in Warwickshire. C．To introduce the world-famous playwright William Shakespeare to potential tourists. D．To encourage people to enter for the competition to win a Shakespearean mini-break. 2．Which of the following statements is true about south Warwickshire? A．The Explorer Pass entitles the winner to access south Warwickshire’s 18 top attractions. B．Discover Britain is headquartered at Mallory Court Hotel, a must-see in south Warwickshire. C．South Warwickshire was where Shakespeare initiated his enthusiasm for adventure and romance. D．Tourism in south Warwickshire thrives because all the visitors are offered a generous discount. 3．What is likely to be placed in the box at the end of the passage? A．Key to the question. B．List of prize winners. C．An entry form. D．A travel guide. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 【导语】主要介绍了沃里克郡南部丰富的旅游资源，并宣传与该地区官方旅游局合作举办的竞赛活动，鼓励人们参与竞赛，赢取在该地区的两天探索之旅。 1．推理判断题。文章开篇介绍沃里克郡南部的特色，接着说明与官方旅游局合作举办竞赛，介绍奖品及参赛方式，目的是鼓励人们参加竞赛，赢取在沃里克郡南部的探索之旅。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The Explorer Pass, created and curated (筹办) by Shakespeare’s England and included in the prize, makes it easy to discover south Warwickshire’s many beauty spots, ancient castles and legendary tales. The pass allows entry into 18 unmissable sights(由莎士比亚故乡英格兰筹办并包含在奖品中的探索者通行证，让你可以轻松发现沃里克郡南部的许多美景、古老城堡和传奇故事。该通行证允许进入18个不容错过的景点)”可知，探索者通行证使获胜者有权进入沃里克郡南部的18个顶级景点。 3．推理判断题。根据“How to enter”部分“Either head online to www.discoverbritain.com/warwickshirecomp or complete and return the form below with your answer to the following question(要么访问www.discoverbritain.com/warwickshirecomp网站，要么填写并返回下面的表格，并回答以下问题)”可知，文章结尾处的方框中可能放置参赛表格。 Passage 2 （2026 上海市甘泉外国语中学·高一下·期中） Lindsay Renwick, the mayor of Deniliquin, a country town in New South Wales, misses the constant whir (嗡嗡声) of the rice mill whose giant fans dried the rice. The Deniliquin mill, the largest rice mill in the Southern Hemisphere, once processed enough grain to meet the needs of 20 million people globally. But six years of drought have had a destructive effect, reducing Australia’s rice crop by 98 percent and leading to the mothballing of the mill last December. Drought affects every agriculture industry based in Australia, not just rice — from sheep farming, the country’s other backbone, to the cultivation of grapes for wine, the fastest-growing crop there, with that expansion often coming at the expense of rice. The drought’s effect on rice has produced the greatest impact on the rest of the world so far. It is one factor contributing to skyrocketing prices, and many scientists believe it is among the earliest signs that a warming planet is starting to affect food production. Researchers are looking for solutions to global rice shortages for example, rice that blooms earlier in the day, when it is cooler, to fight against global warming. Rice plants that happen to bloom on hot days are less likely to produce grains of rice, a difficulty that is already starting to emerge in inland areas of China and other Asian countries as temperatures begin to climb. “There will be problems very soon unless we have new varieties of rice in place,” said Reiner Wassmann, climate change director at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The recent reports on climate change carried a warning that could make the news even worse: that existing models for the effects of climate change on agriculture did not yet include newer findings that global warming could reduce rainfall and make it more variable. Yet the effects of climate change are not uniformly bad for rice. Rising concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, can actually help rice — although the effect reduces or disappears if the plants face unnecessary heat, inadequate water, severe pollution or other stresses. Still, the flexibility of farmers here has persuaded some climate experts that, particularly in developed countries, the effects of climate change may be relieved, if not completely avoided. “I’m not as negative as most people,” said Will Steffen, director of the Fenner School of Environment and Society at Australian National University. “Farmers are learning how to do things differently.” Meanwhile, changes like the use of water to grow wine grapes instead of rice carry their own costs, as the developing world is discovering. “Rice is an essential food,” said Graeme Haley, the general manager of the town of Deniliquin. “Wine is not.” 4．By “the mothballing of the mill” in Paragraph 1, the author most probably means the mill is ________. A．kept unprocessed B．being entirely restored C．left unused D．being pushed round 5．Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A．Rice plants are fond of higher temperature in the process of growing. B．Rice prices are rising steadily owing to the crop failure in Australia. C．Global warming may contribute to more complicated weather conditions. D．Global warming has shown few signs of influence on agriculture. 6．It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A．Australia is the largest rice producing country around the world B．wine grape cultivation has threatened the rice production in Australia C．climate changes have simply brought negative effects to people’s lives D．most people look on the bright side of the flexibility of farmers 7．Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage? A．Rice Shortage and Wine Boom. B．Drought, the Enemy of Rice Production. C．Rice Issue, a Focus of the Public Attention D．Rice Crisis and Its Solution. 【答案】4．C 5．C 6．B 7．D 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了澳大利亚六年严重干旱致水稻减产 98%，南半球最大米厂闲置，推高全球粮价。科学家研发抗高温水稻，改种葡萄也存在隐忧。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But six years of drought have had a destructive effect, reducing Australia’s rice crop by 98 percent and leading to the mothballing of the mill last December.( 但六年的干旱造成了毁灭性的影响，使澳大利亚的稻谷产量减少了 98%，并于去年 12 月导致该碾米厂停产。)”可推知，六年干旱导致澳大利亚水稻减产 98%，稻米加工厂失去了原料来源，由此可知，“关闭工厂”这一表述，作者很可能意在表明工厂处于闲置不用状态。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The recent reports on climate change carried a warning that could make the news even worse: that existing models for the effects of climate change on agriculture did not yet include newer findings that global warming could reduce rainfall and make it more variable.( 最近有关气候变化的报告中包含了一个警告信息，可能会使这一情况变得更糟：现有的气候变化对农业的影响模型尚未纳入全球变暖会减少降雨量并使其更加多变的新发现。)”可知，全球变暖会减少降雨量并使其变得更加不稳定，这意味着天气状况会变得更加复杂多变。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Drought affects every agriculture industry based in Australia, not just rice — from sheep farming, the country’s other backbone, to the cultivation of grapes for wine, the fastest-growing crop there, with that expansion often coming at the expense of rice.( 干旱影响了澳大利亚所有的农业产业，不仅仅是水稻种植业——从该国的另一支柱产业——养羊业，到用于酿酒的葡萄种植业（这是该国增长最快的作物，而这种扩张往往是以牺牲水稻种植为代价的）。)”可知，澳大利亚酿酒葡萄种植的快速扩张是以牺牲水稻种植为代价的，由此可推断葡萄种植已经威胁到了当地的水稻生产。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章前两段阐述了水稻危机：澳大利亚干旱导致水稻大幅减产，引发全球粮价上涨，且这是全球变暖影响粮食生产的早期迹象；第三、四段介绍了解决方案：研究人员培育抗高温水稻品种，农民通过调整种植方式适应气候变化；第五段补充说明了改种经济作物的代价。由此可知，D选项“稻米危机及其解决方案”全面涵盖了文章的核心内容，适合作为文章的标题。 Passage 3 （2026 上海市甘泉外国语中学·高一下·期中） Did English football finally find a new star? At the age of 19, Theo Walcott came onto the game by scoring a hat-trick for England in a 4-1 victory over Croatia in 2010 World Cup. Walcott’s lightning speed and accurate shooting turned the teenager into an overnight star. Many thought he was a new dawn for the England team. He was building his fame for his fast pace, with former Barcelona manager Pep declaring that “you would need a gun to stop him” . FIFA World Player of the Year winner Lionel Messi once also described Walcott as “one of the most dangerous players I have ever played against”. In addition to his speed, Walcott also possessed good balance, movement and technique. It was symbolic that Walcott’s goals came from the right-wing. The position had been played by “golden boy” David Beckham for more than 10 years. No longer were the cheers for Beckham. The fans’ hopes now rested on the shoulders of Walcott. Walcott was born in London to a black British Jamaican father and a white English mother. He grew up as a Liverpool fan due to his father’s support of Liverpool. When Chelsea asked him to be a ball boy, he used the opportunity to meet his Liverpool idols. The teenager’s rise to fame was not completely out of the blue. He was part of England’s World Cup team in 2006, but he did not get to play a match. He also spent over two years at Arsenal, where he was fast becoming a key player. But that year, few were expecting the wonderful performance between England and Croatia. The teenager was the first England player to score three goals in a game since Michael Owen did so seven years before. Although England was full of superstars, they had a poor record in major tournaments. But things were beginning to change. The win against Croatia was sweet revenge. Croatia was the team which knocked England out of Euro 2008. Walcott’s wonderful performance lighted England fans’ hope for World Cup victory in South Africa in 2010, since England had not lifted the cup since 1966. But before England fans got too carried away, our reflection on the past history told us that placing a country’s hopes on one teenager was dangerous. 8．Which of the following CANNOT account for Walcott’s increasing fame? A．Masterly skills. B．Positional sense. C．Unusual family. D．Fast speed. 9．Why did the author mention David Beckham in the 3rd paragraph? A．To show that England football once had a glorious history. B．To imply that people had high expectation on Walcott. C．To indicate that England fans were difficult to please. D．To illustrate that Walcott could be entitled “golden boy” . 10．In the 5th paragraph, the underlined phrase “out of the blue” most probably means “ ________ ” . A．impolite B．unintentional C．impossible D．unexpected 11．What is the author most likely to agree with? A．Walcott might not live up to fans’ expectation. B．Walcott might transfer from Arsenal to Liverpool. C．Croatia might change the history of the World Cup. D．England might be defeated by the opponent in the next round. 【答案】8．C 9．B 10．D 11．A 【导语】主要介绍足球运动员沃尔科特一战成名的经历、自身优势、成长背景，以及作者对此理性的思考。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Walcott’s lightning speed and accurate shooting turned the teenager into an overnight star.(沃尔科特惊人的速度与精准射门让他一夜成名)”以及“In addition to his speed, Walcott also possessed good balance, movement and technique.(除速度外，他还具备良好的平衡感、跑位与技术。)”可知，速度、出色球技、赛场位置优势都是他成名原因，特殊的家庭背景并不是其成名的理由。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The position had been played by “golden boy” David Beckham for more than 10 years. No longer were the cheers for Beckham. The fans’ hopes now rested on the shoulders of Walcott.(这个位置已经由“金童”大卫·贝克汉姆担任了10多年。欢呼声不再面向贝克汉姆。球迷们的希望现在落在了沃尔科特的肩上。)”可知，作者提及贝克汉姆，是为了凸显大众对沃尔科特寄予极高的期待。 10．词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“He was part of England’s World Cup team in 2006, but he did not get to play a match. He also spent over two years at Arsenal, where he was fast becoming a key player.(2006年，他是英格兰世界杯球队的一员，但他没有参加比赛。他还在阿森纳度过了两年多的时间，在那里他迅速成为一名关键球员。)”以及“The teenager’s rise to fame was not completely out of the blue.( 这名少年的成名并非完全out of the blue。)”可知，沃尔科特的走红早有铺垫，并非突如其来，因此画线短语表示“出乎意料的”符合语境。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But before England fans got too carried away, our reflection on the past history told us that placing a country’s hopes on one teenager was dangerous.(但在球迷过度狂热之前，过往经历的深思警示我们，将整个国家的希望压在一名青少年身上是存在风险的。)”可知，作者认为沃尔科特未必能够承载球迷的巨大期望，很难不负众望。 Passage 4 （2026 上海市杨浦区中原中学·高一下·期中） As Grace and Allison settled into Allison’s room to study, Allison asked, “Do you want anything to eat or drink?” “No, thanks,” Grace replied politely, expecting Allison to extend the offer a second time as was customary in her experience. Moments later, Allison returned with a drink for herself but nothing for Grace. Allison neither repeated her offer nor suggested sharing her own drink. Grace left Allison’s house feeling thirsty, upset and neglected. This incident illustrates a classic conflict between Ask Culture and Guess Culture. Askers, like Allison, communicate directly, stating needs clearly and trusting others to do the same. In contrast, Guessers, like Grace, are unwilling to make direct requests to avoid bothering others, often saying “no” initially and expecting others to perceive unspoken needs. From Grace’s perspective, Allison should have offered her a drink again or simply brought her one, guessing Grace was thirsty. Communication styles of the Ask and Guess Cultures are common across the world. Most Asians, Middle Easterners, and Africans come from Guess Cultures, while Europeans and North Americans are more likely to belong to Ask Cultures. Note, though, that all societies have elements of both cultures and that cultural background alone does not determine a person’s communication style. Having awareness of these communication differences is an asset within today’s globalized world. By understanding Ask Culture and Guess Culture, respecting the differences and being open-minded, you can interact smoothly across cultures, setting yourself up for success. First, figure out whether you’re an Asker or a Guesser. Then point out that you have different communication styles and make light of it, so no one is offended. Next, adapt your approach accordingly. Guessers can learn to accept Askers’ direct style as sincere rather than pushy, while Askers can avoid putting pressure on Guessers by framing requests in ways that allow a graceful refusal. Guessers can also practice being more direct, while Askers can pay attention to hints and body language. If misunderstandings arise, both sides need to give each other the benefit of the doubt and be respectful. In the end, it’s not about whether Ask Culture or Guess Culture is right or wrong, it’s about respecting each other’s differences. 12．What is the main purpose of the article? A．To show that culture alone determines how we communicate. B．To explain Ask Culture and Guess Culture and how to bridge the gap. C．To tell an interesting story about a misunderstanding between two friends. D．To argue that Ask Culture is more effective and should be adopted worldwide. 13．How is a “Guesser” most likely to behave? A．They state their needs in a clear and direct manner. B．They never say “no” to an offer, to avoid seeming rude. C．They refuse an offer at first, expecting the other person to insist. D．They feel comfortable when other people take their “no” seriously. 14．The underlined words “an asset” in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to ______. A．a difficult challenge B．a personal opinion C．an optional skill D．a valuable advantage 15．According to the passage, when communicating with a “Guesser”, an “Asker” should ______. A．insist on getting a clear and direct answer from the Guesser B．ask the same question repeatedly until the Guesser says yes C．always assume the Guesser’s first “no” is their final answer D．express requests in ways that make it easy for the Guesser to say no 【答案】12．B 13．C 14．D 15．D 【导语】主要介绍“询问文化”与“猜测文化”两种交流文化，通过具体事例展现二者差异，并说明在全球化环境下如何理解并跨越这两种文化的交流差异。 12．推理判断题。文章开篇以Grace和Allison之间因交流方式不同产生的小冲突为例，引出“询问文化”和“猜测文化”的概念。随后介绍了这两种文化在全球的分布情况，最后着重阐述了理解两种文化差异、跨越交流鸿沟的方法。所以文章的主要目的是解释“询问文化”和“猜测文化”以及如何弥合两者差距。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段“Guessers, like Grace, are unwilling to make direct requests to avoid bothering others, often saying “no” initially and expecting others to perceive unspoken needs.(像Grace这样的“猜测者”，为避免打扰他人，不愿直接提出请求，通常一开始会说“不”，并期望他人能察觉到他们未说出口的需求)”可知，“猜测者”最可能的行为是起初拒绝提议，期望对方能主动察觉自己的需求并再次提出。 14．词义猜测题。根据第六段“By understanding Ask Culture and Guess Culture, respecting the differences and being open - minded, you can interact smoothly across cultures, setting yourself up for success.(通过了解“询问文化”和“猜测文化”，尊重差异并保持开放的心态，你可以顺利地进行跨文化交流，为自己的成功奠定基础。）可知，了解这些交流差异有助于跨文化交流取得成功，是非常有益的，“an asset”在此处意思最接近“a valuable advantage(宝贵的优势)”。 15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Askers can avoid putting pressure on Guessers by framing requests in ways that allow a graceful refusal.(“询问者”可以通过以一种让“猜测者”能够得体拒绝的方式来表达请求，从而避免给“猜测者”施加压力)”可知，“询问者”与“猜测者”交流时，应以便于“猜测者”拒绝的方式表达请求。 Passage 5 （2026 上海市杨浦区中原中学·高一下·期中） Ask The Expert THE TRUTH ABOUT COCHLEAR IMPLANTS Struggling to hear each day, even when using powerful hearing aids? DR. ALEJANDRO RIVASa cochlear implant surgeon and medical advisor to Cochlear, answers questions about cochlear implants and how they are different from hearing aids. Now more than ever, communication and connection are important for maintaining relationships with family, friends and community. Whether it happens suddenly or gradually over time, hearing loss can affect you physically and emotionally. Being unable to hear impacts your ability to communicate with your friends, talk on the phone, or hear the TV. Being able to hear in different environments will help you stay connected with what matters most. Dealing with your hearing loss could change your life. Cochlear implants work differently than hearing aids. Instead of making sounds louder, they use hi-tech electronic parts and software to help you hear the sounds you’ve been missing. Q: How are cochlear implants different from hearing aids?Hearing aids help many people by making the sounds they hear louder. Unfortunately, as hearing loss progresses, sounds may not only need to be louder, they may need to be clearer. Cochlear implants can help give you that clarity, especially in noisy environments. Q: Is it major surgery?No, not at all. The procedure is often done on an outpatient basis and typically takes just a couple of hours. After surgery, you’ll need a short healing period, and your device will be activated and fine-tuned in follow-up visits to ensure the best sound clarity. Q: Are cochlear implants a proven solution?Cochlear hearing implant techno$ 专题04 阅读理解（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 应用文（3篇） Passage 1 1．B 2．D 3．C Passage 2 4．A 5．D 6．D Passage 3 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B 语篇类型二: 记叙文（5篇） Passage 1 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B Passage 2 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B Passage 3 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D Passage 4 13．C 14．B 15．A 16．C Passage 5 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．A 语篇类型三: 说明文（4篇） Passage 1 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D Passage 2 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B Passage 3 9．D 10．C 11．B 12．B Passage 4 13．A 14．C 15．A 16．D 语篇类型三: 议论文（4篇） Passage 1 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B Passage 2 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B Passage 3 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A Passage 4 13．C 14．A 15．B 16．A Passage 1 1．D 2．A 3．C Passage 2 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．D Passage 3 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．A Passage 4 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．D Passage 5 16．C 17．D 18．B Passage 6 19．D 20．A 21．C 22．C 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $