专题01 语法填空（期末复习专项训练）高一英语下学期沪外版

**基本信息** 聚焦高中英语期末语法填空，以说明文为主（9篇）、议论文（2篇）、新闻报道（1篇）的多样语篇为载体，覆盖上海多校真实试题，系统考查语法知识在不同语境中的应用。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |说明文|9篇（如《会自己拥有土地的树》《苗族文化》）|重点考查非谓语动词、时态语态、从句引导词|以文化、自然、科技主题为依托，构建"语篇理解-语法规则-语境应用"逻辑链，提升语言能力与文化意识| |议论文|2篇（如《培养合格教学》《面对未来的不确定性》）|侧重连词、代词、形容词比较级|通过观点论证场景，强化语法知识在逻辑表达中的运用，培养思维品质| |新闻报道|1篇（如《重庆：多层赛博朋克城市》）|突出时态、介词、冠词|结合社会热点，训练学生在真实语篇中快速定位语法考点，发展学习能力|

专题01 语法填空（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 说明文（9篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海洋泾中学・高一下・4 月监测） The Curious Case of the Tree That Owns Itself In the city of Athens, Georgia, there exists a rather interesting local landmark — a large white oak that is almost universally stated to own itself. Because of this, it is considered one of the most famous trees in the world. So how did this tree come to own itself and the land around it? Sometime in the 19th century a Georgian called Colonel William Jackson reportedly took a liking to the said tree and endeavored to protect it from any danger. As to 1 he loved it so, the earliest documented account of this story is an article in the Athens Weekly Banner published on August 12, 1890, which states, “Col. Jackson had watched the tree grow from his childhood, and grew to love it almost 2 he would a human. Its luxuriant leaves and sturdy limbs had often protected him from the heavy rains, and out of its highest branches he had many a time gotten the eggs of the 3 (feather) singers. He watched its growth, and when reaching a ripe old age he saw the tree standing in its magnificent proportions, he was pained to think that after his death it would fall into the hands of those who 4 destroy it.” Towards this end, Jackson 5 (transfer) by means of a deed the ownership of the tree and a little land around it to the tree itself. The deed 6 (read) , “W. H. Jackson for and in consideration of the great affection which he bears the said tree, and his great desire 7 (see) it protected has conveyed unto the said oak tree entire possession of itself and of all land within eight feet of it on all sides.” In time, the tree came to be 8 of a tourist attraction, known as The Tree That Owns Itself. However, in the early 20th century, the tree started showing signs of its slow death, 9 little that could be done about it. Father Time (时光老人) comes for us all eventually, even our often long lived, tall and leafy fellow custodians (看管者) of Earth. Finally, on October 9, 1942, the over-30-meter-tall and 200-to-400-year-old tree fell; rumor has it that this was due to a severe windstorm or to the fact that it had previously died and its roots had rotted. About four years later, members of the Junior Ladies Garden Club who had tended to the tree before its unfortunate death tracked down a small tree grown from a nut taken from the original tree. And so it was that on October 9, 1946, under the direction of Professor Roy Bowden of the College of Agriculture at the University of Georgia, this little tree was transplanted to the location 10 its ancestor stood. This new tree became known as The Son of the Tree That Owns Itself and it was assumed that, as the original tree’s heir, it naturally inherited the land it stood on. Passage 2 （2026 上海吴淞中学・高一下・期中） India is a country with lots of languages. Dozens of different regional languages are spoken in India, 11 share many characteristics such as grammatical structure and vocabulary. Apart from these languages, Hindi, the national, official, and main link language, 12 (use) mostly widely for communication in India. The homeland of Hindi is mainly in the north, but it is spoken and widely understood in all urban centers of India. In the southern states of India, Hindi is not so popularly used. Therefore, English, an associate official language in this country, remains a 13 (share) language to a great degree. Since the early 1600s, the English language 14 (hold) a position on the Indian subcontinent. In India, English serves two purposes. First, it provides a linguistic (语言学的) tool for the administrative link of the country, 15 (cause) people who speak different languages to become united. Secondly, it serves as a language of 16 (wide) communication compared with other languages, including a large variety of different people covering a vast area. The importance of the ability to speak or write English has recently increased significantly because English has become the established standard. Learning English language has become popular 17 business, commerce and cultural reasons and especially for Internet communications throughout the world. The phenomenon that English has been used by many information and technology industries and recognized as being standard has stimulated a huge expansion of Internet-related activity. English has special national status in India. One 18 see a Hindi-speaking teacher giving their students instructions during an educational tour about where 19 (meet) and when their bus would leave, all in English. Men and women who cannot comprehend and interpret instructions in English, 20 educated, are sometimes unemployable. There would appear to be no disagreement in the community about the importance of English language skills. Passage 3 （2026 上海曹杨第二中学・高一下・期中） Tips on Identifying Fake News Online With so much fake news online, it can sometimes be hard to figure out the truth. Concern about the phenomenon led to the announcement made by some tech companies 21 they’ll crack down on fake news sites. Fake news is a common occurrence — you see it on your social media feeds, and even on 22 (forward) messages on your phone’s group chat. There’s always one person in your group who likes to send unconfirmed news from 23 can only be described as doubtful origins. It was even named 2017’s word of the year by dictionary publisher, Collins, 24 describes fake news as “false, often sensational, information spread under the guise of news reporting”. Here’s our advice on how to spot a fake. First, check the website and quality of the articles. Look at the sources of the story and read other articles on the site — are they well written with proper citations or are they full of grammatical errors? You should also make sure that you’re on a legal news site. Some fake sites use addresses and even logos that are similar to 25 of real news organizations. For example, abcnews.go.com is real, while abcnews.com.co is not. Second, is it the whole truth and nothing but the truth? Sometimes a fake news story 26 have a sliver of truth to it, but most of the facts and figures are plotted from imagination. 27 (make) sure, search for the same story on several authoritative websites to ensure nothing has been misrepresented. Third, make sure it’s not satire (讽刺). 28 the story is on a satirical website, you should be aware that the intention is humour and satire, and not misled. Being able to detect fake news is a crucial part of digital literacy and is an important aspect of life in the digital age. However, not all of the misinformation being passed along online is completely fictional, though some of it is. Snopes.com 29 (expose) false viral claims since the mid-1990s, whether that’s fabricated (编造的) messages, distortions containing bits of truth 30 everything in between. Founder David Mikkelson warned in a Nov. 17 article not to sort everything into the “fake news” category. In one word, stay alert and objective. Passage 4 （2026 上海建平中学・高一下・期末） The Fascinating Culture of the Miao People The Miao ethnicity of China has a long history, rich culture, and an ancient folk religion. 31 (decorate) with beautiful traditional clothes, they live in uniquely designed architecture. Throughout history, the Miao people were constantly migrating, always on the move. In more modern times, part of the Miao people gradually settled down in southeast Asian countries. Today, the Miao people in China 32 (concentrate) in eight provinces, autonomous regions, and cities in southwest and south-central China, 33 Guizhou Province has the largest population. The Miao people have lived the lush vegetation of the mountains and river for generations. The Miaoling Mountains located in Guizhou Province are the watershed (分水岭) between the Pearl River and the Yangtze River. Kaili City, the capital of Qiandongnan, is known as the Pearl of Miaoling Mountains. Just 10 kilometers from the city center, the 34 (wind) crystal-clear Bala River runs through the valley by the city. On the cliffs of the peaks on either side of the river 35 (sit) a cluster of Miao villages, scattered like pearls. The people who live in the ancient villages are sincere, kind, hospitable, and honest. 36 a tourist ever get lost, there were no need to worry. All that needs to do is just call out in a loud voice outside any courtyard, “Is anyone home? I’m lost.” A wooden window would open instantly and an elderly person would stick the head out, describing 37 the tourist should head in simple, basic Putonghua. The fantastically colored rice terraces (梯田) can be seen at the edge of the village path. The ripe rice is bent over 38 they were expressing gratefulness to the earth for giving it life. After the harvest is done, rice is neatly tied-up and arranged, waiting 39 (handle) better. Self-sufficiency in living off the land is a way of life that Miao families have handed down to their descendants for generations, and today the Miao people still maintain their traditional way of life and work 40 the gazing crowds of tourists who pass through their villages. Passage 5 （2026 上海复旦大学附属中学・高一下・期末） Art Builds Understanding At the just completed Designing for Empathy Summit, social scientists and museum leaders gathered to discuss how museums can build empathy and contribute to developing understanding and meaning-making. Despite the long history of scholarship on experiences of art, researchers have yet to capture and understand   41 (meaningful) aspects of such experiences, including the thoughts and insights gained when we visit a museum, the sense of encounter after seeing a meaningful work of art, or the changed thinking after experiences with art. These powerful encounters 42 be inspiring, uplifting, and contribute to well-being and flourishing. The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art through its role in facilitating a better understanding of 43 , others, and the world. The question is how that happens–what are the attributes of meaningful experiences of art? 44 45 the mirror model of art developed by Pablo P. L. Tinio, aesthetic reception corresponds to artistic creation in a mirror-reversed fashion. Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large. To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand, adapt, and fine-tune them as they develop the work, resulting in the build-up of layers of materials — 46 initial studies and sketches to the final, 47 (refine) piece. A viewer’s initial interaction with an artwork starts 48 the artist has left off. Their interaction first involves processing surface features, such as color, texture, and the 49 (finish) touches applied by the artist during the final stages of the creative process. After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to gain insight and access the ideas of the artist. Correspondence in feeling and thinking suggests a transfer — between creator and viewer — of ideas, concepts, and emotions contained in the works of art. Art has the potential 50 (communicate) across space and time and create connections and insights 51 otherwise would not happen. What it takes for this to happen is active engagement with art in contexts that facilitate this engagement, especially museums. Passage 6 （2026 上海控江中学・高一下・期末） Double-decker Buses A double-decker bus is a bus that has two storeys or decks. Double-decker buses are used for mass transport all over the world. The most iconic example is the red London bus. Early double-deckers put the driver in a separate cab(驾驶舱). Passengers entered the bus through an open platform at the back door, 52 a bus conductor would collect fares. The back open platform, popular with passengers, was abandoned for safety reasons, as there was a risk of passengers falling when 52 (run) onto the bus. Modern double-deckers have a main entrance door at the front and the driver takes fares. 53 this can cut down the number of bus workers aboard, it slows the boarding process. Double-deckers in London Double-decker buses are in common use throughout the United Kingdom, especially in London. Double-deckers are primarily for commuter transport but some open-top models 54 (intend) for sightseeing. Many tourists 55 have the best view of London from the top of a double-decker. The majority of double-decker buses in the UK are between 9.5 metres and 11.1 metres 56 length, and the latter has been more common since the mid-1990s. In 1941, Miss Phyllis Thompson became the first woman 57 (drive) a double-decker vehicle in the United Kingdom. She drove for the bus company Messrs. 58 being licensed hit the headline throughout the whole country as driving had long been men’s job.Double-deckers in Shanghai In Shanghai, several newly designed No. 911 double-decker buses were put into operation on Huaihai Road in 2018. Older open-top double-decker buses were retired in 2017 after serving the city for several years. 59 (compare) with the older model, the new buses are safer and provide 60 (comfortable) riding experiences for passengers. Not only can passengers take No. 911 double-deckers to commute, but also they can have a pleasant tour of the most booming area in the city. Passage 7 （2026 上海同济大学第一附属中学・高一下・期末） A New Way to Learn Languages Nowadays, the Internet is changing the way people learn languages. There is still no way to avoid the hard work through vocabulary lists and grammar rules, but since the birth of the Internet, books, tapes and even CDs 61 (replace) by email, video chat and social networks. Livemocha, a Seattle-based company, has created a website helping people learn more than 38 languages by exchanging messages over the Internet and then 62 (correct) each other’s messages. The lessons, 63 form they are in, are delivered online. The CEO of Livemocha says the website’s advantage is the context 64 you may practice speaking with a real person. “The great irony is that 65 you have learned a foreign language in the classroom for years, you are not confident 66 (go) into a restaurant, striking up a conversation,” he said. The casual connections with real people throughout the world are not just fun and surprising but reveal more about 67 the language is really used. Livemocha is now experimenting with many ways that resemble (像) the games 68 (find) on other social websites to motivate people. Besides, each person can set up a profile that includes a short self-description and what language he or she would like to learn. Therefore, if you want to learn one language, you will easily find many people fluent in this language. And it becomes 69 (challenging) to find a study partner. An email or two is all it takes. There are more and more companies like Livemocha offering online language learning to students throughout the world. 70 merely helping people practice different languages, they also enable people to share interests and make new friends Passage 8 （2026 上海进才中学・高一下・期末） The Transformative Power of Solo Travel Solo travel, considered by many as the ultimate form of self-discovery, has gained immense popularity among young adults in recent years. Unlike group tours 71 everything is arranged, traveling alone pushes individuals out of their comfort zones, forcing them to confront unexpected challenges. Statistics show that the number of solo travelers under 30 72 (increase) by 150% since 2015. What drives this trend? Psychologists suggest that young people, growing up in an increasingly digital world, 73 (pursue) authentic experiences that social media cannot provide. When you're alone in a foreign country with no one 74 (rely) on, every decision — from navigating public transportation 75 ordering food in a local dialect — becomes a lesson in independence. However, solo travel isn't without risks. Seasoned travelers recommend 76 (research) local customs thoroughly beforehand. In certain Middle Eastern countries, for instance, women traveling alone are expected to dress modestly to avoid unwanted attention. Failure 77 (respect) cultural norms may lead to serious consequences. Ultimately, those 78 have experienced solo travel often describe it as life-changing. The challenges overcome and perspectives gained tend to have 79 profound impact that no classroom education can match. As travel writer Pico Lyer once remarked, “We travel initially to lose ourselves; we travel next to find ourselves.” Perhaps this explains 80 more young people are choosing to embark on journeys alone, seeking not just destinations, but transformations. Passage 9 （2026 上海七宝中学・高一下・期末） Napping during the day is an ancient custom that is practiced worldwide. While some people view napping as a luxurious indulgence, 81 see it as a way to maintain alertness and well-being. But napping can come with drawbacks 82 benefits. As an orofacial pain specialist, I have extensive education in sleep medicine and 83 sleep impacts wellness, due mostly to the relationship between sleep and painful conditions such as headaches and facial pain. My training involved all aspects of sleep, especially sleep breathing disorders, insomnia and sleep-related movement disorders. As such, I’m aware of 84 complex nature of napping, and why a short nap – that is, a nap during the daytime that lasts from 20 to 30 minutes – may be beneficial in myriad ways. Research shows that there are many benefits to napping. Short naps can boost mental functioning and memory, and improve alertness, attention and reaction time. Besides, short naps 85 (link) to increased productivity and creativity. Because napping seems to improve creative thinking, some companies have attempted to harness (利用) this 86 introducing napping rooms into the workplace. What’s more, it appears that the brain uses nap time to process information 87 (gather) throughout the day, which appears to enhance problem-solving abilities. One small study revealed that people who took short naps were 88 (frustrated) and impulsive, which resulted in better focus and efficiency when performing work-related tasks. Napping may even lead to an 89 (improve) ability to learn new motor skills, such as a golf swing or the playing of a musical instrument. This is because these memories or skills become consolidated in the brain during sleep, 90 at night or while napping. While usually, the longer the nap, the more sleep inertia there is to overcome. This 91 impair (损害) cognitive function from several minutes up to half an hour. In many cases, these effects can be minimized by consuming caffeine directly after the nap. But it is important to note that caffeine is not a substitute for sleep. Caffeine acts to temporarily block the action of a chemical known as adenosine (腺苷), a sleep-promoting agent that builds up during waking hours. If you are habitually dependent on caffeine consumption to keep you awake and alert, it may suggest that there is an underlying sleep disorder such as insomnia or sleep apnea, 92 a person temporarily stops breathing during sleep. 语篇类型二: 议论文（2篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海第四中学・高一下・期中） Developing Competent (合格的) Teaching Nations that have greatly improved their students’ achievement, such as Finland, Korea, Singapore, and others, attribute much of their success to their focused investments in teacher preparation and development. 93 (Create) a system that can routinely hire and prepare teachers effectively and can support successful teaching is the arena (竞技场) in which the United States 94 (fall) behind the most. Although there are some great teachers in every community, the landscape of the supports for quality teaching looks like Swiss cheese. In some states, the holes are smaller, and in others they are bigger. But in no case is there a fully 95 (develop) system of instructional support even remotely comparable to 96 in high-achieving nations. And of course, as we have seen, the system is weakest in communities 97 students’ needs are greatest. Some have argued that the answer to weak teaching in the United States is to eliminate “barriers” to teaching, such as teacher education and certification requirements, allow anyone who wants to teach into the classroom, and fire those who prove not to be effective. Although the interest in teaching effectiveness is important, this approach does not offer strategy 98 (ensure) that teachers will have opportunities to gain the knowledge and skills they need in order to be effective, or that all schools will have the resources to attract and hire the best teachers. Nor does it protect the students in low-income schools, who will be the victims of unprepared and inexperienced teachers in the years until these teachers have demonstrated their incapability and left the field. A regulation 99 (focus) on easy access and easy firing ignores the question of how to develop widespread teaching skills and ensure a strong supply of highly able teachers for schools. 100 such supply, principals will be unable to hire strong teachers even if they are free to hire whomever they are pleased with, and, evidence shows that schools are unlikely to fire weak teachers, 101 they feel they won’t be able to replace them. Even if they do, there is little guarantee that the quality of teaching 102 (improve). Although there are good reasons to argue for stronger evaluation practices for removing incapable teachers and for recognizing excellent ones, a theory that the major problems with teaching can be solved by carrots and sticks alone leaves the development of teaching abilities to chance. Passage 2 （2026 上海晋元高级中学・高一下） Facing Uncertainty in the Future The future is an unknown that many of us fear. Throughout childhood, many of us are innocent, sheltered by the safety of home. We are fed ideals and taught principles by caretakers — parents, teachers, adults who shape our early beliefs. We are eighteen and pushed into adulthood 103 we know it, expected to find our way in a world we don’t yet understand. Higher education often feels like the final threshold before full adulthood — a stormy space of doubt. Questions arise: What path should I take? Will I find happiness? These uncertainties weigh heavily, leaving one mentally exhausted and weakening confidence as the “real world” approaches. Yet, within this fear lies a hidden beauty: the realization that life isn’t as fixed as we’re taught. We assume that our early choices lock us in, and 104 taking a different route only results in failure. But the truth is, we hold 105 (much) power over our lives than we think. Still, many give up that power, softening their ambitions 106 (fit) expectations. There’s much to say for consistency, but standing still limits potential for growth. Holding tightly to a set route risks 107 (waste)  not just days, but an entire lifetime that 108 have been extraordinary. I know this fear well. 109 (Raise) to believe success meant perfect grades, a degree from a top university, and a high-paying job, I never questioned the path — until high school, 110 doubts slowly entered my mind. What if I wanted something else? The pressure shrank my world into a small, dark tunnel that I felt I had no choice but to follow. But security doesn’t guarantee happiness. By university, I felt trapped, convinced I’d failed for not meeting expectations. Then, I took a leap: I switched my major 111 East Asian Studies, a field dismissed as impractical. Initially, the decision seemed illogical, contrary to 112 I was taught to believe in. Yet, instead of regret, I found relief. For the first time, I loved learning, freed from pressures I put on myself. The “right” path isn’t the same for everyone — it’s the one that awakens passion, not fear. 语篇类型三: 新闻报道（1篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海晋元高级中学・高一上・期中） The mindbending ‘cyberpunk city’ in China that exists on so many levels When visiting Chongqing for the first time last November, Joshua Guvi was worried that the city he’d seen on social media couldn’t possibly be as cool in real life. Located in a mountainous area of southwestern China, this city is known for 113 complex, multilayered layout (布局), causing some 114 (refer) to it as China’s “8D city.” Including its rural outer regions, the whole area is the size of Austria. 115 the city’s unique geography and rapid growth, Chongqing has had nowhere to go but up, to the point 116 one building even has a train running through the middle of it. For tourists — and even some locals — getting lost in winding, eye-popping Chongqing is part of the fun. “It actually shot a lot over my expectations,” says Guvi, a travel content creator from Canada. These moments 117 (sew) together into a video on Guvi’s YouTube channel. He wrote, “Chongqing feels like peering into the future. This city has its own pulse.” Guvi began his trip in Shanghai, 118 he wanted to experience a more authentically Chinese city. “I had heard some people talk about Chongqing in Shanghai… Shanghai is a(n) 119 (amaze) city, but I was curious to see more of the actual China, versus kind of the Shanghai where you can still get by on English.” He isn’t the only one who has been bypassing Beijing, Xi’an and other cities along the established Chinese tourist route in favor of Chongqing. Tourism in Chongqing has been skyrocketing 120 the country reopened post-pandemic. According to data 121 (release) by the Chongqing government, the city welcomed about 1.3 million inbound tourists in 2024, representing a year-on-year increase of 184%. In the first two months of 2025, the number of foreign nationals entering through the city’s ports increased by 60%. In fact, American tourists have seen 122 noticeable increase. That’s especially impressive considering there that the sole direct flight from the US to Chongqing is a once-a-week affair on Hainan Airlines. We have to say the outlook for inbound tourism is very promising. Passage 1 （2026 上海浦东进才中学・高一下・4 月） Outdoor safety and preparations No matter what your reason for being outdoors is, you need to have an understanding of outdoor first aid and the challenges it can pose. 123 indoor environments, outdoor settings pose unique challenges that require a different approach to emergency care. If an emergency does happen, it is important to know the route you are taking. So primary is this   124 if you get separated from the group, you will be able to find your way back to them by following the same path. This knowledge, 125 is useful in case of an accident, can help emergency services learn your location. You can use your awareness of the route 126 (provide) that information for them or give a rough estimate. Knowing the communication plan is essential. If you are following a route that takes you out of normal phone signal range, you 127 (run) the risk of losing contact with others. By ensuring you have a way of communicating not only with your fellow explorers but also with emergency services, and 128 (track) the news for weather updates, you will be able to minimise the safety risks of exploring off the beaten track and be able to prepare should you need to withdraw or take shelter. Having an appointed first aider for each group will save time and help to keep everyone safe. However, if the group were to split up, having multiple first aiders would mean that there wouldn’t be a delay in providing treatment if 129 (need). While a primary first aider is important, it’s best to make sure that everyone is aware of 130 to do in an emergency. Practising different scenarios (场景) with the group ensures that not only 131 everyone know what to expect and how to act, but it also makes it   132 (likely) that they will remember how to respond and not panic if the situation does come to pass. Passage 2 （2026 上海格致中学・高一下） Older Americans in Modern Society Last year’s US Census (人口普查) showed that the average age of American citizens is rising. 133 1970 when the last American census was completed, the birth rate has continued to fall sharply in the United States, and the number of Americans over age 65 134 (rise) by 28%. Experts believe continued medical progress will permit Americans in growing numbers 135 (live) longer in the years ahead and 136 the trend of population aging in the United States will keep going. This means as a group, older citizens will play 137 increasingly important part in American life. The influence of many of these older Americans already can be seen. Today, those over 65 are healthier, 138 (well-educated) and more active than at any other time in American history. And they are rapidly changing traditional beliefs 139 to be old is to be sick, or weak, or helpless. Today men in 140 seventies are competing in long distance running races. Motion picture films now have leading parts for actors and actresses in their eighties. Today’s older Americans are also spending large amounts of money on everything from study to long-distance travel. 141 is obvious is that more and more businesses now recognize their economic importance. Travel service, restaurants, stores and transportation systems are offering 142 (reduce) prices for those over 65. Special sports equipment and beauty products are being designed for older citizens. Passage 3 （2026 上海普陀曹杨第二中学・高一下） Population Forecasts: UN vs IHME on Fertility and Decline Fertility (生育能力) is falling, people are aging, and by the end of the century humans 143 (decrease) in number on almost every continent, according to a recent study 144 (publish) in the journal Lancet. Far from an overpopulation crisis, demographers (人口学家) are asking where the next generations of young people will come from. The study from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) projects the number of people on the planet will peak just four decades from now, at 9.7 billion, 145 falling to 8.8 billion by the end of the century. In 80 years, countries like Spain and Japan would halve in size. China would shrink by almost as much, leaving India and Nigeria as the world’s 146 (populated) countries. Only in 12 countries, including Somalia and South Sudan, would there be enough babies to keep populations stable. The rest would be aging. And if the world meets targets for universal education — the positive driving force behind falling fertility — there would be 1.5 billion people fewer in 2100 than there are today. Women are having fewer children globally because more girls go to school and more women know about how to keep away from getting pregnant. 147 demographers disagree on how far — and how fast — fertility will continue to fall. While the IHME projects the world’s population will start shrinking by 2064, the United Nations expects it to continue growing throughout the century. The difference in population 148 the two estimates is about 2 billion people by 2100 — and the uncertainties are so great that both research groups accept the possibility of the opposite trend. One reason for the difference is that the UN, unlike the IHME, predicts that fertility rates will rebound (反弹) as countries grow richer. Surveys show that women across Europe and North America have fewer children than they would like 149 barriers like expensive childcare, job pressures and men not taking on a fair share of housework. By reducing the size of some of these obstacles, countries like Germany have seen their fertility rate rise “The UN projections embody (体现) an optimism 150 the long history of human progress will continue,” said Sara Hertog, a demographer at the UN, 151 (add) that changing fertility rates are, in themselves, neither good news nor bad news. “I hope the level of fertility reflects the number of children people want to have, 152 is a sign of advancement to some extent.” Passage 4 （2026 上海领科双语学校） Thompson was born in the United States in 1906. During World War II, he was sent to Thailand, 153 he worked with a united states intelligence agency. It was this first taste of life in the Far East 154 changed Thompson’s life. when the war ended, he decided to leave the army and move to Thailand permanently. At first, Thompson 155 (plan) to renovate a famous hotel in Bangkok, the oriental Hotel, to attract tourists. That project eventually fell through but by that time Thompson had already hit upon another business scheme that would eventually make him a millionaire. While travelling around Thailand, Thompson came across 156 he considered exquisite samples of handwoven Thai silk. At that time, 157 (weave) silk by hand was almost an extinct art in Thailand. Very few people were interested in doing it, and even those weavers still at work only did it on the side, 158 an addition to their regular income from other work. However, Thompson was intrigued by the silk he found and began seeking out weavers and their samples. Eventually, his search led Thompson to Ban Krua, a very poor district in Bangkok alongside one of the canals running through the city. In Ban Krua, Thompson found a whole community of weaver living very close to each other. 159 Thailand is, by and large, a Buddhist country, these weavers were Muslim—a fact that helps explain why they all stayed together within their tight community to support one another. Thompson was so impressed with the material being woven in this village that he took samples 160   (show) fashion magazines in New York. These magazine writers were amazed at the quality of this silk and wanted more. Thompson returned to Ban Krua with orders for more silk. At that time, most of the weavers in Ban Krua supported 161 through other jobs, but Thompson eventually persuaded them to go back into production to supply his new company, the Thai silk Company Ltd, 162 (found) in 1948. This company soon made Thompson and a few of the Ban Krua weavers very wealthy. Passage 5 （2026 上海育才中学） A new study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Early Years, finds, for three to nine-year-olds, the format of number-based board games helps to improve counting, addition, and the ability to recognize   163 a number is higher or lower than another. The researchers say children benefit from programs   164 they play board games a few times a week supervised by a teacher or another trained adult. “Board games enhance mathematical abilities for young children, and they can easily be adapted to include learning objectives related to mathematical skills or other domains,” says lead author Dr. Jaime Balladares, one of the   165 (well-known) child psychologists from Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, in Santiago, Chile. The researchers set out to investigate the scale of the effects   166 physical board games in promoting learning in young children. They based their findings on a review of 19 studies published from 2000 onwards 167 (involve) children aged from three to nine years. All except one study focused on the relationship between board games and mathematical skills. All children participating in the studies received special board game sessions which took place on average twice a week for 20 minutes during 168 18-month period. Teachers, therapists, or parents were among the adults 169 led these sessions. In some of the 19 studies, children were grouped into either the number board game or to a board game that did not focus on numeracy skills. In 170 , all children participated in number board games but were allocated different types e.g. Dominoes. All children were assessed on their math performance before and after the intervention sessions which were designed 171 (encourage) skills such as counting out loud. The results showed that math skills improved significantly 172 these children took part in the intervention sessions. Passage 6 （2026 上海海事大附属北蔡高中・高一下） It was a big day for Liu Jing, an overseas Chinese student in Paris. She had been working with her friends for three months on an exhibition, which opened on Thursday, in order to promote Hanfu— traditional Chinese clothing, 173 their latest efforts to raise the world’s public awareness of Chinese culture. Liu, a computer-science major in France who has been dedicated to promoting Chinese culture and a lover of Hanfu, 174 (establish) the Mugua Organization, a nongovernmental traditional Chinese cultural organization in France. “I established the organization to unite more people and promote Chinese culture together, and 175 are Chinese moms, locals who are in love with traditional Chinese culture, and overseas students as well,” she noted. The four 176 (representative) women’s clothes from different dynasties of China are on display in the most noted position, 177 ( attract) visitors’ attention from almost all corners of the house. In mid-2022, the French brand Dior introduced its new collection by using China’s traditional mamianqun element 178 acknowledging it. The French brand 179 (criticize) due to the incident. The controversy spread not only on Chinese social media platform Sina Weibo, but also among Chinese nationals around the world, 180 a series of activities erupted among people to speak up and defend Chinese culture. “The negative impact of the Dior incident has obviously stressed the importance of recognizing Chinese culture on the international stage. It is an exciting thing for more and more Chinese groups and individuals 181 (tell) others about our own culture,” Tan Shan, a Beijing-based cultural expert told the Global Times on Thursday. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 语法填空（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 说明文（9篇） Passage 1 1．why 2．as 3．feathered 4．might 5．transferred 6．read 7．to see 8．something 9．with 10．where Passage 2 11．which 12．is used 13．shared 14．has held 15．causing 16．wider 17．for 18．can 19．to meet 20．even if/even though Passage 3 21．that 22．forwarded 23．what 24．which 25．those 26．may/might 27．To make 28．If/When 29．has exposed/has been exposing 30．or Passage 4 31．Decorated 32．are concentrated 33．among which/of which    34．winding   35．sits   36．Should 37．where 38．as if/as though 39．to be handled 40．despite Passage 5 41．the most meaningful 42．can 43．ourselves 44．According 45．to 46．from 47．refined 48．where 49．finishing 50．to communicate 51．that/which Passage 6 52．where 53．running 54．Although/Though/While 55．are intended 56．can 57．in 58．to drive 59．Her 60．Compared 61．more comfortable Passage 7 62．have been replaced 63．correcting 64．whatever 65．where 66．even if/even though 67．to go 68．how 69．found 70．less challenging 71．Instead of Passage 8 72．where 73．has increased 74．pursue 75．to rely 76．to 77．researching 78．to respect 79．who 80．a 81．why Passage 9 82．others 83．as well as 84．how 85．the 86．are linked 87．by 88．gathered 89．less frustrated 90．improved 91．whether 92．can/could 93．in which/where 语篇类型二: 议论文（2篇） Passage 1 1．Creating 2．has fallen 3．developed 4．that 5．where 6．to ensure 7．focusing 8．Without 9．because/since/for 10．will improve/will be improved Passage 2 11．before 12．that 13．more 14．to fit 15．wasting 16．could 17．Raised 18．when 19．to 20．what 语篇类型三: 新闻报道（1篇） Passage 1 1．its 2．to refer 3．Due to 4．where 5．were sewn 6．where 7．amazing 8．since 9．released 10．a Passage 1 1．Unlike 2．that 3．which 4．to provide 5．will run 6．tracking 7．needed 8．what 9．does 10．more likely Passage 2 11．Since 12．has risen 13．to live 14．that 15．an 16．better-educated 17．that 18．their 19．What 20．reduced Passage 3 21．will be decreasing 22．published 23．before 24．most populous 25．But 26．between 27．because of 28．that 29．adding 30．which Passage 4 31．where 32．that 33．had planned/planned 34．what 35．weaving 36．as 37．Although/Though/While 38．to show 39．themselves 40．founded Passage 5 41．whether 42．where 43．most well-known 44．of 45．involving 46．an 47．who/that 48．others 49．to encourage 50．after Passage 6 51．as 52．has established 53．they 54．representative 55．attracting 56．without 57．was criticized 58．where 59．to tell 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 语法填空（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 说明文（9篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海洋泾中学・高一下・4 月监测） The Curious Case of the Tree That Owns Itself In the city of Athens, Georgia, there exists a rather interesting local landmark — a large white oak that is almost universally stated to own itself. Because of this, it is considered one of the most famous trees in the world. So how did this tree come to own itself and the land around it? Sometime in the 19th century a Georgian called Colonel William Jackson reportedly took a liking to the said tree and endeavored to protect it from any danger. As to 1 he loved it so, the earliest documented account of this story is an article in the Athens Weekly Banner published on August 12, 1890, which states, “Col. Jackson had watched the tree grow from his childhood, and grew to love it almost 2 he would a human. Its luxuriant leaves and sturdy limbs had often protected him from the heavy rains, and out of its highest branches he had many a time gotten the eggs of the 3 (feather) singers. He watched its growth, and when reaching a ripe old age he saw the tree standing in its magnificent proportions, he was pained to think that after his death it would fall into the hands of those who 4 destroy it.” Towards this end, Jackson 5 (transfer) by means of a deed the ownership of the tree and a little land around it to the tree itself. The deed 6 (read) , “W. H. Jackson for and in consideration of the great affection which he bears the said tree, and his great desire 7 (see) it protected has conveyed unto the said oak tree entire possession of itself and of all land within eight feet of it on all sides.” In time, the tree came to be 8 of a tourist attraction, known as The Tree That Owns Itself. However, in the early 20th century, the tree started showing signs of its slow death, 9 little that could be done about it. Father Time (时光老人) comes for us all eventually, even our often long lived, tall and leafy fellow custodians (看管者) of Earth. Finally, on October 9, 1942, the over-30-meter-tall and 200-to-400-year-old tree fell; rumor has it that this was due to a severe windstorm or to the fact that it had previously died and its roots had rotted. About four years later, members of the Junior Ladies Garden Club who had tended to the tree before its unfortunate death tracked down a small tree grown from a nut taken from the original tree. And so it was that on October 9, 1946, under the direction of Professor Roy Bowden of the College of Agriculture at the University of Georgia, this little tree was transplanted to the location 10 its ancestor stood. This new tree became known as The Son of the Tree That Owns Itself and it was assumed that, as the original tree’s heir, it naturally inherited the land it stood on. 【答案】 1．why 2．as 3．feathered 4．might 5．transferred 6．read 7．to see 8．something 9．with 10．where 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了佐治亚州雅典市一棵闻名世界、被认为拥有自身及周围土地所有权的大白橡树的故事，介绍了其主人威廉·杰克逊上校喜爱并保护它的原因，以及这棵树的传承。 1．考查宾语从句。句意：至于他为什么如此喜爱这棵树，关于这个故事最早的文献记载是1890年8月12日发表在《雅典周刊》上的一篇文章，文章写道：“杰克逊上校从小看着这棵树长大，他对它的喜爱几乎就像对一个人的喜爱一样。” 此空引导的句子作As to的宾语，是宾语从句。从句中缺少状语，结合上下文是在探讨他喜爱这棵树的原因，所以用连接副词why。故填why。 2．考查方式状语从句。句意：至于他为什么如此喜爱这棵树，关于这个故事最早的文献记载是1890年8月12日发表在《雅典周刊》上的一篇文章，文章写道：“杰克逊上校从小看着这棵树长大，他对它的喜爱几乎就像对一个人的喜爱一样。” 根据语境，此处表示他对树喜爱的方式如同对人的喜爱，所以用as引导方式状语从句，意为“像……一样”。故填as。 3．考查形容词。句意：它茂密的叶子和粗壮的树枝经常保护他免受大雨的侵袭，他还多次从它最高的树枝上拿到有羽毛的鸟儿的蛋。此空修饰名词singers，要用形容词形式。feather的形容词形式是feathered，意为“有羽毛的”。故填feathered。 4．考查情态动词。句意：他看着它长大，当它到了成熟的老年，他看到这棵树以它雄伟的姿态矗立着，一想到在他死后它会落入可能会毁掉它的人手中，他就感到痛苦。根据语境，这里是说那些人存在毁掉树的可能性，所以用might表示“可能”。故填might。 5．考查动词时态。句意：为此，杰克逊通过契约将这棵树及其周围一小块土地的所有权转让给了这棵树本身。结合上下文，讲述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。transfer的过去式为transferred。故填transferred。 6．考查动词时态。句意：契约上写着：“W. H. 杰克逊出于对这棵树的深厚感情，以及他希望看到它受到保护的强烈愿望，将这棵橡树及其周围八英尺范围内的所有土地的全部所有权转让给了这棵橡树。” 此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填read。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：契约上写着：“W. H. 杰克逊出于对这棵树的深厚感情，以及他希望看到它受到保护的强烈愿望，将这棵橡树及其周围八英尺范围内的所有土地的全部所有权转让给了这棵橡树。” 这里是固定搭配desire to do sth.，表示“做某事的愿望”，所以用动词不定式to see作后置定语，修饰desire。故填to see。 8．考查固定短语。句意：随着时间的推移，这棵树在某种程度上成了旅游景点，被称为“拥有自己的树”。something of表示“有点像，在某种程度上”，此处指这棵树在某种程度上成了旅游景点。故填something。 9．考查介词。句意：然而，在20世纪初，这棵树开始显示出慢慢死亡的迹象，对此几乎无能为力。分析句子结构，with在这里表示一种伴随的状况，引出一个与主句中 “树开始呈现缓慢死亡迹象” 同时存在的情况。故填with。 10．考查定语从句。句意：于是，1946年10月9日，在佐治亚大学农业学院的罗伊·鲍登教授的指导下，这棵小树被移植到了它祖先矗立的地方。此空引导定语从句，先行词是location，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 Passage 2 （2026 上海吴淞中学・高一下・期中） India is a country with lots of languages. Dozens of different regional languages are spoken in India, 11 share many characteristics such as grammatical structure and vocabulary. Apart from these languages, Hindi, the national, official, and main link language, 12 (use) mostly widely for communication in India. The homeland of Hindi is mainly in the north, but it is spoken and widely understood in all urban centers of India. In the southern states of India, Hindi is not so popularly used. Therefore, English, an associate official language in this country, remains a 13 (share) language to a great degree. Since the early 1600s, the English language 14 (hold) a position on the Indian subcontinent. In India, English serves two purposes. First, it provides a linguistic (语言学的) tool for the administrative link of the country, 15 (cause) people who speak different languages to become united. Secondly, it serves as a language of 16 (wide) communication compared with other languages, including a large variety of different people covering a vast area. The importance of the ability to speak or write English has recently increased significantly because English has become the established standard. Learning English language has become popular 17 business, commerce and cultural reasons and especially for Internet communications throughout the world. The phenomenon that English has been used by many information and technology industries and recognized as being standard has stimulated a huge expansion of Internet-related activity. English has special national status in India. One 18 see a Hindi-speaking teacher giving their students instructions during an educational tour about where 19 (meet) and when their bus would leave, all in English. Men and women who cannot comprehend and interpret instructions in English, 20 educated, are sometimes unemployable. There would appear to be no disagreement in the community about the importance of English language skills. 【答案】 11．which 12．is used 13．shared 14．has held 15．causing 16．wider 17．for 18．can 19．to meet 20．even if/even though 【导语】文章主要介绍了印度多语言并存的现状，以及英语在印度作为联系语言和行政工具的重要地位和作用。 11．考查定语从句。句意：印度境内使用数十种不同的地区语言，这些语言在语法结构和词汇等方面有许多共同特征。分析句子结构可知，空处到句末为非限制性定语从句，用which引导，修饰先行词regional languages，并在从句中作主语。 12．考查时态语态。句意：除了这些语言之外，印地语作为国家官方语言和主要联系语言，在印度被最广泛地用于交流。主语Hindi与所给动词use之间为被动关系，且描述事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语Hindi为第三人称单数，应用is used。 13．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，英语作为该国的联系语言，在很大程度仍是一种共用的语言。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰名词language，动词share与language之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词shared作定语。 14．考查时态。句意：自17世纪初以来，英语在印度次大陆一直占据着重要地位。根据时间状语Since the early 1600s可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时；主语the English language为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用has held。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：首先，它为国家的行政联系提供了语言工具，使讲不同语言的人们得以团结起来。句中已有谓语动词provides，空处应填非谓语动词。动词cause与前面整个主句之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词causing作结果状语。 16．考查形容词比较级。句意：其次，与其他语言相比，它作为一种更广泛的交流语言，服务于覆盖广大地区的各类不同人群。根据空后的compared with other languages可知，此处表示比较意义，应用形容词wide的比较级形式wider。 17．考查介词。句意：出于商业、贸易和文化原因，尤其是为了全世界的互联网交流，学习英语变得流行起来。空后business, commerce and cultural reasons表示原因，应用介词for表示“为了，因为”，for…reasons为固定搭配，意为“出于……原因”。 18．考查情态动词。句意：人们可以看到，一位讲印地语的老师在教育旅行中，用英语给学生们指示，如在哪里集合、巴士何时离开。空后为动词原形see，且此处表示一种普遍存在的能力或可能性，应用情态动词can。 19．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们可以看到，一位讲印地语的老师在教育旅行中，用英语给学生们指示，如在哪里集合、巴士何时离开。此处为“疑问词+不定式”结构，作介词about的宾语，应用不定式to meet。 20．考查从属连词。句意：那些不能理解和解释英语指令的人，即使受过教育，有时也找不到工作。此处为even if/though引导的让步状语从句的省略结构，完整形式应为even if/though they are educated，表示假设性让步，且当让步状语从句的主语与主句主语Men and women一致时，可省略从句中主语和be动词。 Passage 3 （2026 上海曹杨第二中学・高一下・期中） Tips on Identifying Fake News Online With so much fake news online, it can sometimes be hard to figure out the truth. Concern about the phenomenon led to the announcement made by some tech companies 21 they’ll crack down on fake news sites. Fake news is a common occurrence — you see it on your social media feeds, and even on 22 (forward) messages on your phone’s group chat. There’s always one person in your group who likes to send unconfirmed news from 23 can only be described as doubtful origins. It was even named 2017’s word of the year by dictionary publisher, Collins, 24 describes fake news as “false, often sensational, information spread under the guise of news reporting”. Here’s our advice on how to spot a fake. First, check the website and quality of the articles. Look at the sources of the story and read other articles on the site — are they well written with proper citations or are they full of grammatical errors? You should also make sure that you’re on a legal news site. Some fake sites use addresses and even logos that are similar to 25 of real news organizations. For example, abcnews.go.com is real, while abcnews.com.co is not. Second, is it the whole truth and nothing but the truth? Sometimes a fake news story 26 have a sliver of truth to it, but most of the facts and figures are plotted from imagination. 27 (make) sure, search for the same story on several authoritative websites to ensure nothing has been misrepresented. Third, make sure it’s not satire (讽刺). 28 the story is on a satirical website, you should be aware that the intention is humour and satire, and not misled. Being able to detect fake news is a crucial part of digital literacy and is an important aspect of life in the digital age. However, not all of the misinformation being passed along online is completely fictional, though some of it is. Snopes.com 29 (expose) false viral claims since the mid-1990s, whether that’s fabricated (编造的) messages, distortions containing bits of truth 30 everything in between. Founder David Mikkelson warned in a Nov. 17 article not to sort everything into the “fake news” category. In one word, stay alert and objective. 【答案】 21．that 22．forwarded 23．what 24．which 25．those 26．may/might 27．To make 28．If/When 29．has exposed/has been exposing 30．or 【导语】本文主要介绍了网络虚假新闻的现状、定义以及识别虚假新闻的三个方法。 21．考查同位语从句。句意：对网络虚假新闻这一现象的担忧，促使一些科技公司发布公告，宣布他们将严厉打击虚假新闻网站。_______they’ll crack down on fake news sites是连接词引导的同位语从句，对名词announcement作解释说明，该从句不缺成分且句意完整，连词that符合要求。 22．考查非谓语动词。句意：虚假新闻很常见，你会在社交媒体动态上看到它，甚至在手机群聊里被转发的消息中也能看到。句中有谓语动词see，括号里的forward应变成非谓语动词；所填词作前置定语修饰名词messages，且messages和forward(转发)之间是逻辑上动宾关系，要用过去分词forwarded表示被动含义。 23．考查宾语从句。句意：你的群聊里总会有一个人，喜欢发送来源只能被形容为可疑的未经证实的新闻。_______can only be described as doubtful origins是连接词引导的宾语从句，作介词from的宾语；该连接词在从句中作主语，结合doubtful origins可知，连接代词what表示“……的东西”。 24．考查定语从句。句意：虚假新闻甚至被词典出版商柯林斯评为2017年度词汇，该词典将虚假新闻描述为“以新闻报道为幌子传播的虚假且通常耸人听闻的信息”。_____describes fake news as “false, often sensational, information spread under the guise of news reporting”是关系词引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Collins。先行词是事物名词，所填关系词在该从句中作主语，关系代词which符合。 25．考查代词。句意：有些虚假网站使用与真实新闻机构相似的网址和标志。所填词前有介词to，它指代前文复数名词addresses and logos，其后有of引导的介词短语作后置定语，those可用于替代前文的复数名词。 26．考查情态动词。句意：有时一篇虚假新闻报道可能包含一点点真实成分，但其中大部分事实和数据都是虚构的。所填词接动词原形have，根据a sliver of truth to it可知，此处表示对现在情况的可能性推测，情态动词may/might 均可表示“可能”。 27．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了核实无误，在多家权威网站上搜索同一篇报道，确保没有任何内容被歪曲。句中有谓语动词search，括号里的make为动词，其后无并列连词，需变为非谓语动词；在多家权威网站上搜索同一篇报道的目的是为了核实无误，且所填内容置于句首，要用动词不定式To make作目的状语。 28．考查状语从句。句意：如果/当这篇报道来自讽刺网站时，你应该明白其目的是幽默和讽刺，而非误导。_______the story is on a satirical website是连词引导的状语从句，you should be aware that the intention is humour and satire, and not misled.是主句；结合句意，从句与主句存在逻辑上的条件关系或时间关系，连词置于句首时单词首字母要大写，If或 When符合。 29．考查现在完成时/现在完成进行时。句意：Snopes.com自20世纪90年代中期以来，就一直在揭露网络上疯传的虚假传言，无论是编造的消息、掺杂部分真相的歪曲信息，还是介于两者之间的各类不实内容。since the mid-1990s是现在完成时的标志，主语Snopes.com表示单数概念，与谓语expose之间是主动关系，应用现在完成时主动语态has exposed。此外，本题还可以用现在完成进行时has been exposing，强调动作从过去一直持续到现在且仍在进行。 30．考查连词。句意：Snopes.com自20世纪90年代中期以来，就一直在揭露网络上疯传的虚假传言，无论是编造的消息、掺杂部分真相的歪曲信息，还是介于两者之间的各类不实内容。whether…or…是固定搭配，表示“无论……还是……”。 Passage 4 （2026 上海建平中学・高一下・期末） The Fascinating Culture of the Miao People The Miao ethnicity of China has a long history, rich culture, and an ancient folk religion. 31 (decorate) with beautiful traditional clothes, they live in uniquely designed architecture. Throughout history, the Miao people were constantly migrating, always on the move. In more modern times, part of the Miao people gradually settled down in southeast Asian countries. Today, the Miao people in China 32 (concentrate) in eight provinces, autonomous regions, and cities in southwest and south-central China, 33 Guizhou Province has the largest population. The Miao people have lived the lush vegetation of the mountains and river for generations. The Miaoling Mountains located in Guizhou Province are the watershed (分水岭) between the Pearl River and the Yangtze River. Kaili City, the capital of Qiandongnan, is known as the Pearl of Miaoling Mountains. Just 10 kilometers from the city center, the 34 (wind) crystal-clear Bala River runs through the valley by the city. On the cliffs of the peaks on either side of the river 35 (sit) a cluster of Miao villages, scattered like pearls. The people who live in the ancient villages are sincere, kind, hospitable, and honest. 36 a tourist ever get lost, there were no need to worry. All that needs to do is just call out in a loud voice outside any courtyard, “Is anyone home? I’m lost.” A wooden window would open instantly and an elderly person would stick the head out, describing 37 the tourist should head in simple, basic Putonghua. The fantastically colored rice terraces (梯田) can be seen at the edge of the village path. The ripe rice is bent over 38 they were expressing gratefulness to the earth for giving it life. After the harvest is done, rice is neatly tied-up and arranged, waiting 39 (handle) better. Self-sufficiency in living off the land is a way of life that Miao families have handed down to their descendants for generations, and today the Miao people still maintain their traditional way of life and work 40 the gazing crowds of tourists who pass through their villages. 【答案】 31．Decorated 32．are concentrated 33．among which/of which    34．winding   35．sits   36．Should 37．where 38．as if/as though 39．to be handled 40．despite 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国苗族悠久的历史、丰富的文化和古老的民间宗教，以及他们独特的服饰、建筑和生活方式。 31．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们穿着漂亮的传统服装，居住在独特设计的建筑中。“_____ (decorate) with beautiful traditional clothes”作伴随状语，decorate(装饰)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语they之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填Decorated。 32．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：今天，中国的苗族人主要集中在中国西南部和中南部的八个省、自治区和城市，其中贵州省的人口最多。concentrate(使……集中或聚集)是谓语动词，与主语the Miao people之间是被动关系，结合时间状语Today可知，描述当前状态，用一般现在时态，名词people作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are concentrated。 33．考查定语从句。句意：今天，中国的苗族人主要集中在中国西南部和中南部的八个省、自治区和城市，其中贵州省的人口最多。“_____ Guizhou Province has the largest population”是定语从句，修饰先行词“eight provinces, autonomous regions, and cities”，关系词将其代入定语从句中作状语，表示“在八个省、自治区和城市中”，可用“介词among/of+关系代词which”引导该从句。故填among/of which。 34．考查形容词。句意：离市中心仅10公里，蜿蜒清澈的巴拉河穿过城市的山谷。提示词修饰名词Bala River，用同根形容词winding作定语，意为“曲折的，蜿蜒的”。故填winding。 35．考查倒装句型、时态和主谓一致。句意：在河流两岸的山峰悬崖上，散落着一簇簇苗族村寨，像珍珠一样。本句是倒装句型，主语是a cluster of Miao villages，sit(坐落在)是谓语动词，与主语之间是主动关系，结合句意，描述客观事实，用一般现在时态，又因“a cluster of+名词”作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常使用单数形式。故填sits。 36．考查固定句型和虚拟语气。句意：如果游客迷路了，也不用担心。根据句意，“_____ a tourist ever get lost”是虚拟条件状语从句，原句为“If a tourist should ever get lost”，在虚拟条件句中，如果有助动词should，可省略连词if，并将should置于从句句首；句首单词首字母大写。故填Should。 37．考查宾语从句。句意：一扇木窗会立刻打开，一位老人会把头伸出来，用简单、基本的普通话描述游客应该去哪里。“_____ the tourist should head”是宾语从句，结合句意，表示“游客应该去哪里”，用应连接副词where引导该从句，并在句中作地点状语。故填where。 38．考查状语从句。句意：成熟的稻子弯下了腰，好像在对大地赐予它生命表示感谢。根据句意，“_____ they were expressing gratefulness to the earth for giving it life”是方式状语从句，表示“好像……”，用连词as if或者as though引导该从句。故填as if/though。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：收割完毕后，稻子被整齐地捆扎起来，排列好，等待更好的处理。wait to do固定搭配，用不定式作宾语，又因handle与其逻辑主语rice之间是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动形式to be handled作宾语。故填to be handled。 40．考查介词。句意：如今，苗族人仍然保持着他们的传统生活方式和工作方式，尽管有成群的游客穿过他们的村庄。根据句意，“_____ the gazing crowds of tourists who pass through their villages”是让步状语，表示“尽管”，用介词despite构成介词短语作状语。故填despite。 Passage 5 （2026 上海复旦大学附属中学・高一下・期末） Art Builds Understanding At the just completed Designing for Empathy Summit, social scientists and museum leaders gathered to discuss how museums can build empathy and contribute to developing understanding and meaning-making. Despite the long history of scholarship on experiences of art, researchers have yet to capture and understand   41 (meaningful) aspects of such experiences, including the thoughts and insights gained when we visit a museum, the sense of encounter after seeing a meaningful work of art, or the changed thinking after experiences with art. These powerful encounters 42 be inspiring, uplifting, and contribute to well-being and flourishing. The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art through its role in facilitating a better understanding of 43 , others, and the world. The question is how that happens–what are the attributes of meaningful experiences of art? 44 45 the mirror model of art developed by Pablo P. L. Tinio, aesthetic reception corresponds to artistic creation in a mirror-reversed fashion. Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large. To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand, adapt, and fine-tune them as they develop the work, resulting in the build-up of layers of materials — 46 initial studies and sketches to the final, 47 (refine) piece. A viewer’s initial interaction with an artwork starts 48 the artist has left off. Their interaction first involves processing surface features, such as color, texture, and the 49 (finish) touches applied by the artist during the final stages of the creative process. After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to gain insight and access the ideas of the artist. Correspondence in feeling and thinking suggests a transfer — between creator and viewer — of ideas, concepts, and emotions contained in the works of art. Art has the potential 50 (communicate) across space and time and create connections and insights 51 otherwise would not happen. What it takes for this to happen is active engagement with art in contexts that facilitate this engagement, especially museums. 【答案】 41．the most meaningful 42．can 43．ourselves 44．According 45．to 46．from 47．refined 48．where 49．finishing 50．to communicate 51．that/which 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在共情设计峰会中，专家讨论博物馆借艺术体验构建共情，依审美认知理论及镜像模型，艺术可跨时空沟通，需主动参与。 41．考查形容词最高级。句意：尽管关于艺术体验的学术研究历史悠久，但研究人员尚未捕捉和理解这些体验中最有意义的方面，包括我们参观博物馆时获得的思想和见解，看到有意义的艺术作品后的相遇感，或者体验艺术后的思维变化。空处需填形容词来修饰名词 “aspects”，结合句意可知，应为形容词最高级形式the most meaningful，意思是“最有意义的”。故填the most meaningful。 42．考查情态动词。句意：这些强大的相遇可以鼓舞人心，令人振奋，并有助于幸福和繁荣。表示“能够”应用情态动词can。故填can。 43．考查代词。句意：审美认知主义理论通过艺术在促进更好地理解我们自己、他人和世界方面的作用来描述艺术的价值。根据句意可知，这里需要一个反身代词与“others”（他人）和 “the world”（世界）相对应，表示“我们自己”，所以填“ourselves”。故填ourselves。 44．考查固定短语。句意：根据巴勃罗・P・L・蒂尼奥提出的艺术镜像模型，审美接受与艺术创作是一种倒置的镜像。表示“根据”应用介词短语according to，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填According。 45．考查固定短语。句意：根据巴勃罗・P・L・蒂尼奥提出的艺术镜像模型，审美接受与艺术创作是一种倒置的镜像。表示“根据”应用介词短语according to。故填to。 46．考查固定短语。句意：为了做到这一点，他们探索关键的想法，并在他们发展工作的过程中不断扩展、调整和微调它们，从而形成从最初的研究和草图到最终的精致作品的材料层。from...to...是固定搭配，表示“从…… 到……”。故填from。 47．考查形容词。句意：为了做到这一点，他们探索关键的想法，并在他们发展工作的过程中不断扩展、调整和微调它们，从而形成从最初的研究和草图到最终的精致作品的材料层。空处需填形容词作定语来修饰名词piece，“refine”是动词，其过去分词形式“refined”可以作形容词，意思是 “精致的；精炼的”。故填refined。 48．考查地点状语从句。句意：观众与艺术品的最初互动从艺术家离开的地方开始。分析句子 “A viewer’s initial interaction with an artwork starts ____ the artist has left off.”，这里是一个地点状语从句，“where”表示“在…… 地方”，意思是“观赏者与艺术品的初始互动从艺术家停下的地方开始”。故填where。 49．考查固定短语。句意：他们的互动首先涉及处理表面特征，如颜色，纹理，以及艺术家在创作过程的最后阶段应用的最后润色。finishing touches是固定短语，意思是“最后润色；最后修饰”，这里表示艺术家在创作过程最后阶段所做的修饰，所以填“finishing”。故填finishing。 50．考查动词不定式。句意：艺术具有跨越空间和时间进行交流的潜力，并创造出原本不会发生的联系和见解。have the potential to do sth.是固定用法，意思是 “有做某事的潜力”，空处需填动词不定式作后置定语。故填to communicate。 51．考查定语从句。句意：艺术具有跨越空间和时间进行交流的潜力，并创造出原本不会发生的联系和见解。设空处引导定从句，先行词connections and insights，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that或者which引导。故填that/which。 Passage 6 （2026 上海控江中学・高一下・期末） Double-decker Buses A double-decker bus is a bus that has two storeys or decks. Double-decker buses are used for mass transport all over the world. The most iconic example is the red London bus. Early double-deckers put the driver in a separate cab(驾驶舱). Passengers entered the bus through an open platform at the back door, 52 a bus conductor would collect fares. The back open platform, popular with passengers, was abandoned for safety reasons, as there was a risk of passengers falling when 53 (run) onto the bus. Modern double-deckers have a main entrance door at the front and the driver takes fares. 54 this can cut down the number of bus workers aboard, it slows the boarding process. Double-deckers in London Double-decker buses are in common use throughout the United Kingdom, especially in London. Double-deckers are primarily for commuter transport but some open-top models 55 (intend) for sightseeing. Many tourists 56 have the best view of London from the top of a double-decker. The majority of double-decker buses in the UK are between 9.5 metres and 11.1 metres 57 length, and the latter has been more common since the mid-1990s. In 1941, Miss Phyllis Thompson became the first woman 58 (drive) a double-decker vehicle in the United Kingdom. She drove for the bus company Messrs. 59 being licensed hit the headline throughout the whole country as driving had long been men’s job.Double-deckers in Shanghai In Shanghai, several newly designed No. 911 double-decker buses were put into operation on Huaihai Road in 2018. Older open-top double-decker buses were retired in 2017 after serving the city for several years. 60 (compare) with the older model, the new buses are safer and provide 61 (comfortable) riding experiences for passengers. Not only can passengers take No. 911 double-deckers to commute, but also they can have a pleasant tour of the most booming area in the city. 【答案】 52．where 53．running 54．Although/Though/While 55．are intended 56．can 57．in 58．to drive 59．Her 60．Compared 61．more comfortable 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了双层巴士的发展历史。 52．考查定语从句。句意：乘客们从后门处的一个敞开式站台进入公交车，那里有一位公交售票员负责收取车费。此处为定语从句，先行词为an open platform，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 53．考查现在分词。句意：那个面向后方的开放式站台很受乘客欢迎，但由于安全考虑，它被废弃了。因为当乘客跑向公交车时存在摔倒的风险。此处为时间状语从句的省略，从句主语为passengers，与主句主语一致，且与动词 run构成主动关系，当从句主语与主句主语一致时且从句谓语动词中含有be动词的形式时，可省略从句主语与be动词，构成状语从句的省略，从句省略前为when passengers were running onto the bus，故填running。 54．考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然这样做可以减少车厢内的公交车工作人员数量，但会延长上车时间。由句意此处为让步状语从句，空处位于句首，应用让步状语从句的引导词Although/Though/While，故填Although/Though/While。 55．考查谓语动词。句意：双层巴士主要用于通勤服务，但有些敞篷车型则是为观光而设计的。空处应填谓语动词，短语be intended for意为“打算为……所用；预定给”，固定搭配，主语为some open-top models，由上文的Double-deckers are primarily for commuter transport but可知此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时，故填are intended。 56．考查情态动词。句意：许多游客从双层巴士的顶部可以观赏到伦敦最美的景色。由句意及空后的have the best view可知此处应填情态动词can，表示“能够；可以”，故填can。 57．考查介词。句意：英国大多数双层巴士的长度在 9.5 米至 11.1 米之间，而后者自 20 世纪 90 年代中期以来更为常见。in length意为“长度为……”，固定搭配，故填in。 58．考查不定式。句意：1941 年，菲利斯·汤普森女士成为了英国首位驾驶双层巴士的女性。此处应填非谓语动词，由句意及空前的the first woman可知应填不定式形式to drive，作后置定语，修饰woman，故填to drive。 59．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：她获得驾照的消息在全国范围内都成为了头条新闻，因为长期以来驾驶工作一直是由男性承担的。由句意此处指上文的Miss Phyllis Thompson获得驾照的消息，应用形容词性物主代词her，作定语，修饰being licensed，空处位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Her。 60．考查过去分词。句意：与之前的车型相比，新款公交车更加安全，并且为乘客提供了更舒适的乘车体验。由句意及空后的介词with可知此处应用过去分词compared，compared with意为“与……相比”，过去分词短语作状语，空处位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Compared。 61．考查形容词比较级。句意：与之前的车型相比，新款公交车更加安全，并且为乘客提供了更舒适的乘车体验。由句意及空前的safer and provide可知此处指新型双层巴士与较旧的敞篷双层巴士相比可以为乘客提供更舒适的乘车体验，应用形容词比较级more comfortable，作定语，故填more comfortable。 Passage 7 （2026 上海同济大学第一附属中学・高一下・期末） A New Way to Learn Languages Nowadays, the Internet is changing the way people learn languages. There is still no way to avoid the hard work through vocabulary lists and grammar rules, but since the birth of the Internet, books, tapes and even CDs 62 (replace) by email, video chat and social networks. Livemocha, a Seattle-based company, has created a website helping people learn more than 38 languages by exchanging messages over the Internet and then 63 (correct) each other’s messages. The lessons, 64 form they are in, are delivered online. The CEO of Livemocha says the website’s advantage is the context 65 you may practice speaking with a real person. “The great irony is that 66 you have learned a foreign language in the classroom for years, you are not confident 67 (go) into a restaurant, striking up a conversation,” he said. The casual connections with real people throughout the world are not just fun and surprising but reveal more about 68 the language is really used. Livemocha is now experimenting with many ways that resemble (像) the games 69 (find) on other social websites to motivate people. Besides, each person can set up a profile that includes a short self-description and what language he or she would like to learn. Therefore, if you want to learn one language, you will easily find many people fluent in this language. And it becomes 70 (challenging) to find a study partner. An email or two is all it takes. There are more and more companies like Livemocha offering online language learning to students throughout the world. 71 merely helping people practice different languages, they also enable people to share interests and make new friends 【答案】 62．have been replaced 63．correcting 64．whatever 65．where 66．even if/even though 67．to go 68．how 69．found 70．less challenging 71．Instead of 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍以 Livemocha 为代表的在线语言学习平台，通过互动交流、情境实践和社交功能，革新传统学习模式并拓展人际连接。 62．考查动词时态和语态。句意：词汇表和语法规则仍然是无法避免的，但自从互联网诞生以来，书籍、磁带甚至CD都被电子邮件、视频聊天和社交网络所取代。根据“since the birth of the Internet”可知，此处要用现在完成时，且 books, tapes and even CDs 与 replace 之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态 have been + 过去分词，replace 的过去分词是 replaced。故填have been replaced。 63．考查动名词。句意：总部位于西雅图的Livemocha公司创建了一个网站，通过在互联网上交换信息，然后互相纠正信息，帮助人们学习超过38种语言。by 是介词，后接动名词作宾语，所以用correcting。故填correcting。 64．考查让步状语从句。句意：无论是何种形式的课程，都是在线授课。分析句子可知，此处引导让步状语从句，表示“无论它们是什么形式”，用whatever修饰form。故填whatever。 65．考查定语从句。句意：Livemocha的首席执行官表示，该网站的优势在于，你可以在其中练习与真人交谈。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是the context，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 66．考查让步状语从句。句意：他说：“最具讽刺意味的是，即使你在教室里学了多年外语，你也没有信心走进一家餐馆，开始与人交谈。”根据句意可知，表示“即使你在教室里学了多年外语”，引导让步状语从句，用even if 或 even though。故填even if/even though。 67．考查固定短语。句意：他说：“最具讽刺意味的是，即使你在教室里学了多年外语，你也没有信心走进一家餐馆，开始与人交谈。”be confident to do sth. 为固定短语，表示“有信心做某事”，所以用to go。故填to go。 68．考查宾语从句。句意：与世界各地真实的人的随意联系不仅有趣和令人惊讶，而且还揭示了语言的真实使用方式。about 是介词，后接宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“语言是如何被真正使用的”，用连接副词how引导。故填how。 69．考查非谓语动词。句意：Livemocha现在正在尝试许多类似于其他社交网站上的游戏的方法来激励人们。定语从句中已有谓语动词resemble，此处是非谓语动词，games与 find 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词 found，表示“在其他社交网站上被找到的游戏”。故填found。 70．考查形容词比较级。句意：寻找学习伙伴也变得不那么困难了。根据下文“An email or two is all it takes.”推知，找到学习伙伴变得不那么具有挑战性了，用 less challenging。故填less challenging。 71．考查固定短语。句意：它们不仅帮助人们练习不同的语言，还使人们能够分享兴趣和结交新朋友。根据语境可知，此处为固定短语Instead of“代替，而不是”，满足句意要求。故填Instead of。 Passage 8 （2026 上海进才中学・高一下・期末） The Transformative Power of Solo Travel Solo travel, considered by many as the ultimate form of self-discovery, has gained immense popularity among young adults in recent years. Unlike group tours 72 everything is arranged, traveling alone pushes individuals out of their comfort zones, forcing them to confront unexpected challenges. Statistics show that the number of solo travelers under 30 73 (increase) by 150% since 2015. What drives this trend? Psychologists suggest that young people, growing up in an increasingly digital world, 74 (pursue) authentic experiences that social media cannot provide. When you're alone in a foreign country with no one 75 (rely) on, every decision — from navigating public transportation 76 ordering food in a local dialect — becomes a lesson in independence. However, solo travel isn't without risks. Seasoned travelers recommend 77 (research) local customs thoroughly beforehand. In certain Middle Eastern countries, for instance, women traveling alone are expected to dress modestly to avoid unwanted attention. Failure 78 (respect) cultural norms may lead to serious consequences. Ultimately, those 79 have experienced solo travel often describe it as life-changing. The challenges overcome and perspectives gained tend to have 80 profound impact that no classroom education can match. As travel writer Pico Lyer once remarked, “We travel initially to lose ourselves; we travel next to find ourselves.” Perhaps this explains 81 more young people are choosing to embark on journeys alone, seeking not just destinations, but transformations. 【答案】 72．where 73．has increased 74．pursue 75．to rely 76．to 77．researching 78．to respect 79．who 80．a 81．why 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了独自旅行的变革力量，指出其近年来在年轻人中广受欢迎的原因、面临的挑战以及带来的深远影响。 72．考查定语从句。句意：与一切都安排妥当的团体旅游不同，独自旅行将个人推出舒适区，迫使他们面对意想不到的挑战。此处为定语从句，先行词为group tours，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 73．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：数据显示，自2015年以来，30岁以下的独自旅行者数量增加了150%。根据时间状语“since 2015”可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语为the number of solo travelers，助动词用has。故填has increased。 74．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：心理学家认为，在日益数字化的世界中成长的年轻人，正在追求社交媒体无法提供的真实体验。根据语境可知，此处描述的是目前正在发生的事情，应用现在进行时，主语为young people，谓语动词用复数形式。故填pursue。 75．考查非谓语动词。句意：当你独自一人在异国他乡，无人可依靠时，从乘坐公共交通工具到用当地方言点餐，每一个决定都成为独立的教训。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，rely on与no one构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。故填to rely。 76．考查介词。句意：当你独自一人在异国他乡，无人可依靠时，从乘坐公共交通工具到用当地方言点餐，每一个决定都成为独立的教训。此处为固定短语from...to...，意为“从……到……”。故填to。 77．考查动名词。句意：经验丰富的旅行者建议事先彻底研究当地习俗。recommend doing sth.为固定短语，意为“建议做某事”，因此用research的动名词形式作宾语。故填researching。 78．考查非谓语动词。句意：不尊重文化规范可能会导致严重后果。failure to do sth.为固定短语，意为“未能做某事”，因此用respect的不定式形式作定语。故填to respect。 79．考查定语从句。句意：最终，那些有过独自旅行经历的人常常将其描述为改变人生的经历。此处为定语从句，先行词为those，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 80．考查冠词。句意：克服的挑战和获得的见解往往会产生深远的影响，这是课堂教育无法比拟的。此处为固定短语have a profound impact，意为“产生深远影响”。故填a。 81．考查宾语从句。句意：也许这解释了为什么越来越多的年轻人选择独自踏上旅程，寻求的不仅仅是目的地，还有转变。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，应用why引导。故填why。 Passage 9 （2026 上海七宝中学・高一下・期末） Napping during the day is an ancient custom that is practiced worldwide. While some people view napping as a luxurious indulgence, 82 see it as a way to maintain alertness and well-being. But napping can come with drawbacks 83 benefits. As an orofacial pain specialist, I have extensive education in sleep medicine and 84 sleep impacts wellness, due mostly to the relationship between sleep and painful conditions such as headaches and facial pain. My training involved all aspects of sleep, especially sleep breathing disorders, insomnia and sleep-related movement disorders. As such, I’m aware of 85 complex nature of napping, and why a short nap – that is, a nap during the daytime that lasts from 20 to 30 minutes – may be beneficial in myriad ways. Research shows that there are many benefits to napping. Short naps can boost mental functioning and memory, and improve alertness, attention and reaction time. Besides, short naps 86 (link) to increased productivity and creativity. Because napping seems to improve creative thinking, some companies have attempted to harness (利用) this 87 introducing napping rooms into the workplace. What’s more, it appears that the brain uses nap time to process information 88 (gather) throughout the day, which appears to enhance problem-solving abilities. One small study revealed that people who took short naps were 89 (frustrated) and impulsive, which resulted in better focus and efficiency when performing work-related tasks. Napping may even lead to an 90 (improve) ability to learn new motor skills, such as a golf swing or the playing of a musical instrument. This is because these memories or skills become consolidated in the brain during sleep, 91 at night or while napping. While usually, the longer the nap, the more sleep inertia there is to overcome. This 92 impair (损害) cognitive function from several minutes up to half an hour. In many cases, these effects can be minimized by consuming caffeine directly after the nap. But it is important to note that caffeine is not a substitute for sleep. Caffeine acts to temporarily block the action of a chemical known as adenosine (腺苷), a sleep-promoting agent that builds up during waking hours. If you are habitually dependent on caffeine consumption to keep you awake and alert, it may suggest that there is an underlying sleep disorder such as insomnia or sleep apnea, 93 a person temporarily stops breathing during sleep. 【答案】 82．others 83．as well as 84．how 85．the 86．are linked 87．by 88．gathered 89．less frustrated 90．improved 91．whether 92．can/could 93．in which/where 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了白天小睡的古今情况、利弊，专家对其复杂性的认识，以及短睡的诸多益处和长睡的影响。 82．考查代词。句意：有些人认为午睡是一种奢侈的放纵，而另一些人则认为这是一种保持警觉和健康的方式。分析句子可知，此处while 引导对比，“some people...others...”为固定搭配，表示“一些人…… 另一些人……”，所以此处填代词others。故填others。 83．考查固定短语。句意：但是午睡有好处也有坏处。“drawbacks as well as benefits”表示“缺点和优点”，此处为固定短语as well as 表示“和，也”连接并列名词。故填as well as。 84．考查宾语从句。句意：作为一名口腔面部疼痛专家，我在睡眠医学和睡眠如何影响健康方面受过广泛的教育，主要是因为睡眠与头痛和面部疼痛等疼痛状况之间的关系。分析句子可知，设空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺方式状语，此处为连接副词how 表示“如何”，意为“睡眠如何影响健康”。故填how。 85．考查冠词。句意：因此，我意识到午睡的复杂性，以及为什么短时间的午睡——也就是白天持续20到30分钟的午睡——可能在很多方面都有益。分析句子可知，特指打盹的复杂性，用定冠词 the修饰“complex nature”。故填the。 86．考查动词短语和主谓一致。句意：此外，小睡一会儿还能提高工作效率和创造力。be linked to“与…… 相关”为固定短语，主语 naps 为复数，用are。故填are linked。 87．考查介词。句意：因为小睡似乎可以提高创造性思维，一些公司试图通过在工作场所引入午睡室来利用这一点。分析句子可知，此处“by + 动名词”表示方式，“通过引入午睡室”，所以此处介词by的填入。故填by。 88．考查非谓语动词。句意：更重要的是，大脑似乎利用午睡时间来处理一整天收集到的信息，这似乎增强了解决问题的能力。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰information，information和gather为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填gathered。 89．考查形容词比较级。句意：一项小型研究显示，小睡一会儿的人不那么容易沮丧和冲动，因此在执行与工作相关的任务时，注意力更集中，效率更高。根据后文“better focus”可知用比较级，此处表示“更少沮丧”，满足句意要求。故填less frustrated。 90．考查形容词。句意：小睡甚至可以提高学习新运动技能的能力，比如高尔夫球挥杆或演奏乐器。由空后ability可知，此处为形容词improved“提高的，改进的”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填improved。 91．考查固定句型。句意：这是因为这些记忆或技能在睡眠期间在大脑中得到巩固，无论是在晚上还是在午睡时。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型，whether...or...表示“无论……还是……”，满足句意要求。故填whether。 92．考查情态动词。句意：这会损害认知功能，时间从几分钟到半小时不等。根据句意可知，此处情态动词can/could表示“可能”，“这可能损害认知功能”。故填can/could。 93．考查定语从句。句意：如果你习惯性地依赖咖啡因来保持清醒和警觉，这可能表明你有潜在的睡眠障碍，如失眠或睡眠呼吸暂停，在这种情况下，一个人在睡眠中暂时停止呼吸。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句修饰先行词insomnia or sleep apnea，先行词insomnia or sleep apnea在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where或介词in+关系代词which引导。故填in which或where。 语篇类型二: 议论文（2篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海第四中学・高一下・期中） Developing Competent (合格的) Teaching Nations that have greatly improved their students’ achievement, such as Finland, Korea, Singapore, and others, attribute much of their success to their focused investments in teacher preparation and development. 1 (Create) a system that can routinely hire and prepare teachers effectively and can support successful teaching is the arena (竞技场) in which the United States 2 (fall) behind the most. Although there are some great teachers in every community, the landscape of the supports for quality teaching looks like Swiss cheese. In some states, the holes are smaller, and in others they are bigger. But in no case is there a fully 3 (develop) system of instructional support even remotely comparable to 4 in high-achieving nations. And of course, as we have seen, the system is weakest in communities 5 students’ needs are greatest. Some have argued that the answer to weak teaching in the United States is to eliminate “barriers” to teaching, such as teacher education and certification requirements, allow anyone who wants to teach into the classroom, and fire those who prove not to be effective. Although the interest in teaching effectiveness is important, this approach does not offer strategy 6 (ensure) that teachers will have opportunities to gain the knowledge and skills they need in order to be effective, or that all schools will have the resources to attract and hire the best teachers. Nor does it protect the students in low-income schools, who will be the victims of unprepared and inexperienced teachers in the years until these teachers have demonstrated their incapability and left the field. A regulation 7 (focus) on easy access and easy firing ignores the question of how to develop widespread teaching skills and ensure a strong supply of highly able teachers for schools. 8 such supply, principals will be unable to hire strong teachers even if they are free to hire whomever they are pleased with, and, evidence shows that schools are unlikely to fire weak teachers, 9 they feel they won’t be able to replace them. Even if they do, there is little guarantee that the quality of teaching 10 (improve). Although there are good reasons to argue for stronger evaluation practices for removing incapable teachers and for recognizing excellent ones, a theory that the major problems with teaching can be solved by carrots and sticks alone leaves the development of teaching abilities to chance. 【答案】 1．Creating 2．has fallen 3．developed 4．that 5．where 6．to ensure 7．focusing 8．Without 9．because/since/for 10．will improve/will be improved 【导语】主要说明了多国重视教师培养，而美国相关体系不完善。放宽从教门槛的做法存在弊端，优质师资储备不足，仅靠奖惩无法根本解决教学问题。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：建立一个能够有效招聘和培训教师，并能为教学提供有力支持的体系，这是美国在诸多方面中最落后的一个领域。作主语，应用动名词形式，首字母大写。 2．考查时态。句意：建立一个能够有效招聘和培训教师，并能为教学提供有力支持的体系，这是美国在诸多方面中最落后的一个领域。表示过去的动作对现在的影响用现在完成时，主语为the United States，助动词用has。 3．考查形容词。句意：但无论在何种情况下，我们所拥有的教学支持体系都远无法与那些成绩优异的国家所拥有的体系相媲美。修饰名词system用形容词developed，作定语。 4．考查代词。句意：但无论在何种情况下，我们所拥有的教学支持体系都远无法与那些成绩优异的国家所拥有的体系相媲美。that 指代前文单数名词 system，表同类异物。 5．考查定语从句。句意：当然，正如我们所看到的那样，该体系在那些学生需求最为迫切的社区中表现得最为薄弱。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词communities，在从句作地点状语，故用关系副词where。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然对教学效果的关注十分重要，但这种做法并不能提供任何策略来确保教师能够获得实现有效教学所需的知识和技能，也无法保证所有学校都能拥有吸引和聘用最优秀教师的资源。此处为不定式作后置定语，修饰名词strategy。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：一项旨在简化入职流程和离职手续的政策忽略了这样一个问题，即如何培养广泛的教学技能，并确保为学校提供大量高素质的教师。此处regulation与focus构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。 8．考查介词。句意：如果没有这种教师供给，校长们即便能够随意招聘自己满意的教师，也无法聘请到优秀的教师。而且有证据表明，学校不太可能解雇表现不佳的教师，因为/既然/所以他们认为自己无法找到合适的替代人选。表示“没有、缺乏”用介词without，首字母大写。 9．考查状语从句。句意：如果没有这种教师供给，校长们即便能够随意招聘自己满意的教师，也无法聘请到优秀的教师。而且有证据表明，学校不太可能解雇表现不佳的教师，因为他们认为自己无法找到合适的替代人选。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”用because、since或for。 10．考查时态。句意：即便他们真的这么做了，也不能保证教学质量会有所提升。此处将来发生的结果，improve既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词，用一般将来时的被动语态或者一般将来时均可。 Passage 2 （2026 上海晋元高级中学・高一下） Facing Uncertainty in the Future The future is an unknown that many of us fear. Throughout childhood, many of us are innocent, sheltered by the safety of home. We are fed ideals and taught principles by caretakers — parents, teachers, adults who shape our early beliefs. We are eighteen and pushed into adulthood 11 we know it, expected to find our way in a world we don’t yet understand. Higher education often feels like the final threshold before full adulthood — a stormy space of doubt. Questions arise: What path should I take? Will I find happiness? These uncertainties weigh heavily, leaving one mentally exhausted and weakening confidence as the “real world” approaches. Yet, within this fear lies a hidden beauty: the realization that life isn’t as fixed as we’re taught. We assume that our early choices lock us in, and 12 taking a different route only results in failure. But the truth is, we hold 13 (much) power over our lives than we think. Still, many give up that power, softening their ambitions 14 (fit) expectations. There’s much to say for consistency, but standing still limits potential for growth. Holding tightly to a set route risks 15 (waste)  not just days, but an entire lifetime that 16 have been extraordinary. I know this fear well. 17 (Raise) to believe success meant perfect grades, a degree from a top university, and a high-paying job, I never questioned the path — until high school, 18 doubts slowly entered my mind. What if I wanted something else? The pressure shrank my world into a small, dark tunnel that I felt I had no choice but to follow. But security doesn’t guarantee happiness. By university, I felt trapped, convinced I’d failed for not meeting expectations. Then, I took a leap: I switched my major 19 East Asian Studies, a field dismissed as impractical. Initially, the decision seemed illogical, contrary to 20 I was taught to believe in. Yet, instead of regret, I found relief. For the first time, I loved learning, freed from pressures I put on myself. The “right” path isn’t the same for everyone — it’s the one that awakens passion, not fear. 【答案】 11．before 12．that 13．more 14．to fit 15．wasting 16．could 17．Raised 18．when 19．to 20．what 【导语】文章主要围绕未来的不确定性展开论述，指出人们不必困于既定人生轨道，应打破固有期待、遵从本心选择适合自己的人生道路。 11．考查连词。句意：我们正值十八岁，不知不觉就被推入成年的世界，还要在一个尚且懵懂陌生的天地里独自摸索前行。结合句意，此处为连词before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之前；还未……就”，符合语境。 12．考查宾语从句。句意：我们习惯性认为早期的选择会束缚一生，并且认为改换道路只会迎来失败。本句为并列的宾语从句，第二个从句语意完整、不缺成分，需用that引导。 13．考查形容词比较级。句意：但事实是，我们对自己人生的掌控力远比想象中更强。根据后文than we think可知，此处用比较级，much的比较级为more。 14．考查非谓语动词。句意：即便如此，许多人主动放弃这份掌控力，削弱自身志向以迎合外界期待。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意，此处表示目的，所以用动词不定式作目的状语，表“为了迎合”。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：死守固定的人生路线，不仅会虚度时日，还可能辜负本可以精彩纷呈的一生。固定搭配risk doing sth.，意为“冒险做某事；注定做某事”，后接动名词wasting。 16．考查情态动词。句意：死守固定的人生路线，不仅会虚度时日，还可能辜负本可以精彩纷呈的一生。此处无提示词，且空后为动词原形，所以应为情态动词，结合句意，此处应为could have been，为虚拟语气，表示“本可以成为”。 17．考查非谓语动词。句意：从小被灌输成功等同于优异成绩、名校文凭与高薪工作的观念，我从未质疑过这条既定道路。此为非谓语动词作状语，主语I与raise为被动关系，用过去分词作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。 18．考查定语从句。句意：我从未质疑过这条既定道路，直到高中时期，疑虑慢慢涌上心头。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为high school，在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。 19．考查介词。句意：后来我勇敢做出改变，将专业换成了被视作冷门无用的东亚研究。此处为固定搭配switch…to…，意为“转换为……”，所以此处使用介词to。 20．考查宾语从句。句意：起初，这个决定看似不合常理，与我从小到大被灌输的观念背道而驰。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指代事物，用连接代词what引导。 语篇类型三: 新闻报道（1篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海晋元高级中学・高一上・期中） The mindbending ‘cyberpunk city’ in China that exists on so many levels When visiting Chongqing for the first time last November, Joshua Guvi was worried that the city he’d seen on social media couldn’t possibly be as cool in real life. Located in a mountainous area of southwestern China, this city is known for 1 complex, multilayered layout (布局), causing some 2 (refer) to it as China’s “8D city.” Including its rural outer regions, the whole area is the size of Austria. 3 the city’s unique geography and rapid growth, Chongqing has had nowhere to go but up, to the point 4 one building even has a train running through the middle of it. For tourists — and even some locals — getting lost in winding, eye-popping Chongqing is part of the fun. “It actually shot a lot over my expectations,” says Guvi, a travel content creator from Canada. These moments 5 (sew) together into a video on Guvi’s YouTube channel. He wrote, “Chongqing feels like peering into the future. This city has its own pulse.” Guvi began his trip in Shanghai, 6 he wanted to experience a more authentically Chinese city. “I had heard some people talk about Chongqing in Shanghai… Shanghai is a(n) 7 (amaze) city, but I was curious to see more of the actual China, versus kind of the Shanghai where you can still get by on English.” He isn’t the only one who has been bypassing Beijing, Xi’an and other cities along the established Chinese tourist route in favor of Chongqing. Tourism in Chongqing has been skyrocketing 8 the country reopened post-pandemic. According to data 9 (release) by the Chongqing government, the city welcomed about 1.3 million inbound tourists in 2024, representing a year-on-year increase of 184%. In the first two months of 2025, the number of foreign nationals entering through the city’s ports increased by 60%. In fact, American tourists have seen 10 noticeable increase. That’s especially impressive considering there that the sole direct flight from the US to Chongqing is a once-a-week affair on Hainan Airlines. We have to say the outlook for inbound tourism is very promising. 【答案】 1．its 2．to refer 3．Due to 4．where 5．were sewn 6．where 7．amazing 8．since 9．released 10．a 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了重庆成热门旅游地，入境游客数量大幅增长。 1．考查代词。句意：位于中国西南部的山区，这座城市以其复杂的多层布局而闻名，导致一些人将其称为中国的“8D城市”。根据空后的“complex, multilayered layout”可知，空处修饰名词，表示“它的复杂的多层布局”，应用形容词性物主代词its作定语。故填its。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：位于中国西南部的山区，这座城市以其复杂的多层布局而闻名，导致一些人将其称为中国的“8D城市”。cause sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“导致某人做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式，作宾语补足语。故填to refer。 3．考查介词短语。句意：由于这座城市独特的地理位置和快速发展，重庆别无选择，只能向上发展，以至于一栋建筑甚至有火车从中间穿过。根据空后的名词短语“the city’s unique geography and rapid growth”可知，此处表示“由于这座城市独特的地理位置和快速发展”，应用介词短语due to，表示原因，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Due to。 4．考查定语从句。句意：由于这座城市独特的地理位置和快速发展，重庆别无选择，只能向上发展，以至于一栋建筑甚至有火车从中间穿过。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the point，表示抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5．考查时态和语态。句意：这些时刻被剪辑在一起，制作成Guvi YouTube频道上的一个视频。句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语These moments和动词sew之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were sewn。 6．考查定语从句。句意：Guvi的旅程始于上海，在那里他想体验一个更真实的中国城市。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Shanghai，表示地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 7．考查形容词。句意：上海是一个令人惊叹的城市，但我想看看更多真实的中国，而不是那种你仍然可以用英语应付的上海。根据空后的名词city可知，空处修饰名词，需用形容词作定语，修饰物应用-ing形容词amazing，意为“令人惊叹的”。故填amazing。 8．考查连词。句意：自疫情后国家重新开放以来，重庆的旅游业一直在飙升。根据空前的现在完成进行时“has been skyrocketing”可知，此处表示“自疫情后国家重新开放以来”，空处引导时间状语从句，意为“自从”，需用连接词since。故填since。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据重庆市政府发布的数据，2024年，该市接待入境游客约130万人次，同比增长184%。空处是非谓语动词，动词release和逻辑主语data之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填released。 10．考查冠词。句意：事实上，美国游客的数量有显著增加。空后increase为可数名词单数，此处表泛指，需用不定冠词，且noticeable是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 Passage 1 （2026 上海浦东进才中学・高一下・4 月） Outdoor safety and preparations No matter what your reason for being outdoors is, you need to have an understanding of outdoor first aid and the challenges it can pose. 1 indoor environments, outdoor settings pose unique challenges that require a different approach to emergency care. If an emergency does happen, it is important to know the route you are taking. So primary is this   2 if you get separated from the group, you will be able to find your way back to them by following the same path. This knowledge, 3 is useful in case of an accident, can help emergency services learn your location. You can use your awareness of the route 4 (provide) that information for them or give a rough estimate. Knowing the communication plan is essential. If you are following a route that takes you out of normal phone signal range, you 5 (run) the risk of losing contact with others. By ensuring you have a way of communicating not only with your fellow explorers but also with emergency services, and 6 (track) the news for weather updates, you will be able to minimise the safety risks of exploring off the beaten track and be able to prepare should you need to withdraw or take shelter. Having an appointed first aider for each group will save time and help to keep everyone safe. However, if the group were to split up, having multiple first aiders would mean that there wouldn’t be a delay in providing treatment if 7 (need). While a primary first aider is important, it’s best to make sure that everyone is aware of 8 to do in an emergency. Practising different scenarios (场景) with the group ensures that not only 9 everyone know what to expect and how to act, but it also makes it   10 (likely) that they will remember how to respond and not panic if the situation does come to pass. 【答案】 1．Unlike 2．that 3．which 4．to provide 5．will run 6．tracking 7．needed 8．what 9．does 10．more likely 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了户外安全及准备的相关内容。 1．考查介词。句意：与室内环境不同，户外环境存在独特的挑战，需要采用不同的应急处理方法。根据“indoor environments”可知，空后是名词短语，需填介词，表示“与……不同”应用介词unlike，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Unlike。 2．考查固定句型。句意：这一点至关重要，以至于即便你与团队走散，也能沿着原路找到同伴。So+形容词/副词+that+从句为固定句型，表示“如此……以至于……”。故填that。 3．考查定语从句。句意：这种对路线的了解在发生意外时也很有用，能帮助急救人员获知你的位置。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是this knowledge，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。 4．考查动词不定式。句意：你可以凭借对路线的熟悉来提供相关信息，或是给出大致方位。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“使用某物做某事”，所以空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to provide。 5．考查时态。句意：如果你行进的路线超出了手机正常信号覆盖范围，你就会面临与他人失去联系的风险。If引导的条件状语从句使用一般现在时态，主句需用一般将来时态，表示将来可能发生的事情。故填will run。 6．考查动名词。句意：确保你不仅能与同行的探险者沟通，还能与急救人员取得联系，同时关注最新天气资讯，这样就能最大限度降低在人迹罕至地区探险的安全风险，并且在需要撤离或躲避时做好准备。固定搭配by doing sth.意为“通过做某事”，所以空处需用动名词tracking，与ensuring并列作介词by的宾语。故填tracking。 7．考查状语从句的省略。句意：然而，如果团队分散行动，配备多名急救员意味着在需要时能及时提供救治，不会出现延误。本句考查了状语从句的省略，当if引导的条件状语从句主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，本句的完整句式为：if treatment is needed，省略了treatment is。故填needed。 8．考查疑问词。句意：虽然指定一名主要急救员很重要，但最好确保每个人都清楚紧急情况下该做什么。此处为“疑问词+不定式”结构作be aware of 的宾语；do缺宾语，用 what。故填what。 9．考查倒装句和主谓一致。句意：和团队一起演练不同应急场景，不仅能让所有人知晓可能发生的情况以及如何应对，还能让他们更有可能记住应对方法，在真实情况发生时不会惊慌失措。not only位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装，把助动词提到主语前面，结合“makes”可知，空处助动词需用does，提到主语everyone前面。故填does。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意：同上。此处暗含与不演练对比，用比较级more likely，表示 “更有可能的”。故填more likely。 Passage 2 （2026 上海格致中学・高一下） Older Americans in Modern Society Last year’s US Census (人口普查) showed that the average age of American citizens is rising. 11 1970 when the last American census was completed, the birth rate has continued to fall sharply in the United States, and the number of Americans over age 65 12 (rise) by 28%. Experts believe continued medical progress will permit Americans in growing numbers 13 (live) longer in the years ahead and 14 the trend of population aging in the United States will keep going. This means as a group, older citizens will play 15 increasingly important part in American life. The influence of many of these older Americans already can be seen. Today, those over 65 are healthier, 16 (well-educated) and more active than at any other time in American history. And they are rapidly changing traditional beliefs 17 to be old is to be sick, or weak, or helpless. Today men in 18 seventies are competing in long distance running races. Motion picture films now have leading parts for actors and actresses in their eighties. Today’s older Americans are also spending large amounts of money on everything from study to long-distance travel. 19 is obvious is that more and more businesses now recognize their economic importance. Travel service, restaurants, stores and transportation systems are offering 20 (reduce) prices for those over 65. Special sports equipment and beauty products are being designed for older citizens. 【答案】 11．Since 12．has risen 13．to live 14．that 15．an 16．better-educated 17．that 18．their 19．What 20．reduced 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国人口老龄化趋势及老年公民在现代美国社会中的影响和地位。 11．考查介词。句意：自1970年美国上一次人口普查完成以来，美国的出生率持续大幅下降，65岁以上的美国人口数量增长了28%。根据空后“1970 when the last American census was completed”及主句的现在完成时“has continued”可知，空处需用介词Since，意为“自……以来”，引导时间状语。故填Since。 12．考查动词时态。句意：自1970年美国上一次人口普查完成以来，美国的出生率持续大幅下降，65岁以上的美国人口数量增长了28%。根据“has continued”可知，and连接并列句子，句子需用现在完成时，主语the number of Americans over age 65为单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填has risen。 13．考查非谓语动词。句意：专家认为，持续的医疗进步将使越来越多的美国人在未来几年活得更长，并且美国的人口老龄化趋势将持续下去。permit sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to live。 14．考查宾语从句引导词。句意：专家认为，持续的医疗进步将使越来越多的美国人在未来几年活得更长，并且美国的人口老龄化趋势将持续下去。believe后接两个并列的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句不缺成分且句意完整，空处需用that引导宾语从句，and连接两个并列的宾语从句，第二个that不能省略。故填that。 15．考查冠词。句意：这意味着，作为一个群体，老年公民将在美国生活中扮演越来越重要的角色。play an important part in为固定搭配，意为“在……中扮演重要角色”，increasingly以元音音素开头，空处需用不定冠词an。故填an。 16．考查形容词比较级。句意：如今，65岁以上的人比美国历史上任何时候都更健康、受教育程度更高、更活跃。根据空后“and more active”及“than”可知，空处需用形容词well-educated的比较级，其比较级为better-educated，意为“受教育程度更高的”。故填better-educated。 17．考查同位语从句引导词。句意：他们正在迅速改变那种认为年老就意味着生病、虚弱或无助的传统观念。空后“to be old is to be sick, or weak, or helpless”是对“traditional beliefs”的解释说明，为同位语从句，从句不缺成分且句意完整，空处需用that引导同位语从句。故填that。 18．考查代词。句意：如今，七十多岁的男性正在参加长跑比赛。in one’s seventies为固定搭配，意为“在某人七十多岁时”，此处指代前文提到的“men”，空处需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 19．考查主语从句引导词。句意：显然，现在越来越多的企业认识到了他们的经济重要性。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，且指代“more and more businesses now recognize their economic importance”这一内容，需用What引导主语从句，句首首字母大写。故填What。 20．考查形容词。句意：旅行社、餐馆、商店和交通系统都在为65岁以上的人提供优惠价格。根据空后名词“prices”可知，空处需用形容词作定语，reduce的形容词形式为reduced，意为“降低的，优惠的”。故填reduced。 Passage 3 （2026 上海普陀曹杨第二中学・高一下） Population Forecasts: UN vs IHME on Fertility and Decline Fertility (生育能力) is falling, people are aging, and by the end of the century humans 21 (decrease) in number on almost every continent, according to a recent study 22 (publish) in the journal Lancet. Far from an overpopulation crisis, demographers (人口学家) are asking where the next generations of young people will come from. The study from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) projects the number of people on the planet will peak just four decades from now, at 9.7 billion, 23 falling to 8.8 billion by the end of the century. In 80 years, countries like Spain and Japan would halve in size. China would shrink by almost as much, leaving India and Nigeria as the world’s 24 (populated) countries. Only in 12 countries, including Somalia and South Sudan, would there be enough babies to keep populations stable. The rest would be aging. And if the world meets targets for universal education — the positive driving force behind falling fertility — there would be 1.5 billion people fewer in 2100 than there are today. Women are having fewer children globally because more girls go to school and more women know about how to keep away from getting pregnant. 25 demographers disagree on how far — and how fast — fertility will continue to fall. While the IHME projects the world’s population will start shrinking by 2064, the United Nations expects it to continue growing throughout the century. The difference in population 26 the two estimates is about 2 billion people by 2100 — and the uncertainties are so great that both research groups accept the possibility of the opposite trend. One reason for the difference is that the UN, unlike the IHME, predicts that fertility rates will rebound (反弹) as countries grow richer. Surveys show that women across Europe and North America have fewer children than they would like 27 barriers like expensive childcare, job pressures and men not taking on a fair share of housework. By reducing the size of some of these obstacles, countries like Germany have seen their fertility rate rise “The UN projections embody (体现) an optimism 28 the long history of human progress will continue,” said Sara Hertog, a demographer at the UN, 29 (add) that changing fertility rates are, in themselves, neither good news nor bad news. “I hope the level of fertility reflects the number of children people want to have, 30 is a sign of advancement to some extent.” 【答案】 21．will be decreasing 22．published 23．before 24．most populous 25．But 26．between 27．because of 28．that 29．adding 30．which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《柳叶刀》刊登的人口研究，对比了IHME与联合国对全球生育率、人口峰值及未来变化的不同预测，并分析了差异原因。 21．考查动词时态。句意：根据最近发表在《柳叶刀》期刊上的一项研究，生育能力正在下降，人口正在老龄化，到本世纪末，几乎每个大洲的人口数量都将减少。此空考查谓语动词，主语humans与decrease为主动关系，by the end of the century为将来时间，再由语境可知，这里应用将来进行时表示将来某段时间的状态。故填will be decreasing。 22．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据最近发表在《柳叶刀》期刊上的一项研究，生育能力正在下降，人口正在老龄化，到本世纪末，几乎每个大洲的人口数量都将减少。此空考查非谓语，study与publish为被动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用过去分词作后置定语。故填published。 23．考查介词。句意：健康指标与评估研究所（IHME）的这项研究预测，全球人口将在40年后达到峰值——97亿，随后开始下降，到本世纪末降至88亿。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“下降之前达到97亿”，应用介词before。故填before。 24．考查形容词最高级。句意：80年后，西班牙、日本等国的人口将减半。中国人口也将近乎同等幅度地缩减，印度和尼日利亚将成为世界上人口最多的国家。由语境可知，这里表示“人口最多的”，应用最高级。故填most populous。 25．考查连词。句意：全球女性生育的孩子越来越少，原因是更多女孩接受教育，且更多女性了解如何避孕。但人口统计学家对于生育率还会下降多少、下降多快存在分歧。分析句子结构可知，前后两句为转折关系，应用连词but，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填But。 26．考查介词。句意：到2100年，两种预测结果之间的人口差异约为20亿，而且不确定性极大，两个研究团队都认可出现相反趋势的可能性。由语境可知，表示两者之间，应用介词between。故填between。 27．考查介词短语。句意：调查显示，欧洲和北美的女性生育的孩子数量少于她们想要的，原因是昂贵的育儿成本、工作压力以及男性不承担公平份额的家务等阻碍。由语境可知，这里表示原因，后跟名词短语，应用介词短语because of“因为”。故填because of。 28．考查同位语从句。句意：联合国人口统计学家萨拉・赫托格表示：“联合国的预测体现出一种乐观态度，即人类漫长的进步历程将延续下去。”他补充说，生育率的变化本身既非好消息，也非坏消息。分析句子结构可知，这里考查同位语从句，从句解释说明optimism，从句句意完整且不缺成分，应用that引导。故填that。 29．考查非谓语动词。句意：联合国人口统计学家萨拉・赫托格表示：“联合国的预测体现出一种乐观态度，即人类漫长的进步历程将延续下去。”他补充说，生育率的变化本身既非好消息，也非坏消息。此空考查非谓语，主语Sara Hertog与add为主动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填adding。 30．考查定语从句。句意：我希望生育水平能反映出人们想要的孩子数量，这在某种程度上是社会进步的标志。这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 Passage 4 （2026 上海领科双语学校） Thompson was born in the United States in 1906. During World War II, he was sent to Thailand, 31 he worked with a united states intelligence agency. It was this first taste of life in the Far East 32 changed Thompson’s life. when the war ended, he decided to leave the army and move to Thailand permanently. At first, Thompson 33 (plan) to renovate a famous hotel in Bangkok, the oriental Hotel, to attract tourists. That project eventually fell through but by that time Thompson had already hit upon another business scheme that would eventually make him a millionaire. While travelling around Thailand, Thompson came across 34 he considered exquisite samples of handwoven Thai silk. At that time, 35 (weave) silk by hand was almost an extinct art in Thailand. Very few people were interested in doing it, and even those weavers still at work only did it on the side, 36 an addition to their regular income from other work. However, Thompson was intrigued by the silk he found and began seeking out weavers and their samples. Eventually, his search led Thompson to Ban Krua, a very poor district in Bangkok alongside one of the canals running through the city. In Ban Krua, Thompson found a whole community of weaver living very close to each other. 37 Thailand is, by and large, a Buddhist country, these weavers were Muslim—a fact that helps explain why they all stayed together within their tight community to support one another. Thompson was so impressed with the material being woven in this village that he took samples 38   (show) fashion magazines in New York. These magazine writers were amazed at the quality of this silk and wanted more. Thompson returned to Ban Krua with orders for more silk. At that time, most of the weavers in Ban Krua supported 39 through other jobs, but Thompson eventually persuaded them to go back into production to supply his new company, the Thai silk Company Ltd, 40 (found) in 1948. This company soon made Thompson and a few of the Ban Krua weavers very wealthy. 【答案】 31．where 32．that 33．had planned/planned 34．what 35．weaving 36．as 37．Although/Though/While 38．to show 39．themselves 40．founded 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Thompson在二战后搬到泰国，偶然发现泰国手工丝绸的独特魅力，并通过努力将其推广到国际市场，最终创立泰国丝绸公司并取得成功的故事。 31．考查定语从句。句意：二战期间，他被派往泰国，在那里他与美国情报机构合作。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Thailand，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 32．考查强调句。句意：正是这种在远东生活的第一次体验改变了Thompson的生活。本句为强调句，强调句的基本结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who(被强调部分是人时可用who)+其他部分”，此处被强调部分为this first taste of life in the Far East，所以应用that连接。故填that。 33．考查动词时态。句意：起初，Thompson计划翻新曼谷一家著名的酒店——东方酒店，以吸引游客。根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，且表示“原本打算/计划”，使用过去完成时；也可以表示过去某个时间点的计划，使用一般过去时。故填had planned/planned。 34．考查宾语从句。句意：在泰国旅行时，Thompson偶然发现了他认为精美的泰国手工丝绸样品。空处引导宾语从句，且连接词在从句中作considered的宾语，表示“……的东西”，所以应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 35．考查动名词。句意：当时，手工编织丝绸在泰国几乎是一门濒临灭绝的艺术。空处作主语，描述一般性行为，用动名词。故填weaving。 36．考查介词。句意：很少有人对做这件事感兴趣，甚至那些仍在工作的织工也只是把它作为副业，作为他们从其他工作中获得的固定收入的补充。根据语境可知，此处表示“作为”，后接名词，所以应用介词as。故填as。 37．考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然泰国总体上是一个佛教国家，但这些织工是穆斯林——这一事实有助于解释为什么他们都在这个紧密的社区里呆在一起，互相支持。空处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”，可以用although/though/while引导，句首单词首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：Thompson对这个村庄编织的材料印象深刻，他拿了样品去给纽约的时尚杂志看。空处需填非谓语动词作目的状语，所以应用动词不定式形式。故填to show。 39．考查反身代词。句意：当时，Ban Krua的大多数织工都靠其他工作养活自己，但Thompson最终说服他们重新投入生产，为他的新公司——1948年成立的泰国丝绸有限公司供货。根据语境可知，此处表示“养活自己”，所以应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：当时，Ban Krua的大多数织工都靠其他工作养活自己，但Thompson最终说服他们重新投入生产，为他的新公司——1948年成立的泰国丝绸有限公司供货。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词the Thai silk Company Ltd，且和the Thai silk Company Ltd之间为动宾关系，所以应用过去分词形式。故填founded。 Passage 5 （2026 上海育才中学） A new study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Early Years, finds, for three to nine-year-olds, the format of number-based board games helps to improve counting, addition, and the ability to recognize   41 a number is higher or lower than another. The researchers say children benefit from programs   42 they play board games a few times a week supervised by a teacher or another trained adult. “Board games enhance mathematical abilities for young children, and they can easily be adapted to include learning objectives related to mathematical skills or other domains,” says lead author Dr. Jaime Balladares, one of the   43 (well-known) child psychologists from Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, in Santiago, Chile. The researchers set out to investigate the scale of the effects   44 physical board games in promoting learning in young children. They based their findings on a review of 19 studies published from 2000 onwards 45 (involve) children aged from three to nine years. All except one study focused on the relationship between board games and mathematical skills. All children participating in the studies received special board game sessions which took place on average twice a week for 20 minutes during 46 18-month period. Teachers, therapists, or parents were among the adults 47 led these sessions. In some of the 19 studies, children were grouped into either the number board game or to a board game that did not focus on numeracy skills. In 48 , all children participated in number board games but were allocated different types e.g. Dominoes. All children were assessed on their math performance before and after the intervention sessions which were designed 49 (encourage) skills such as counting out loud. The results showed that math skills improved significantly 50 these children took part in the intervention sessions. 【答案】 41．whether 42．where 43．most well-known 44．of 45．involving 46．an 47．who/that 48．others 49．to encourage 50．after 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项新研究发现数字桌游能提升低龄儿童数学能力，并提出研究的过程与相关结论。 41．考查宾语从句连接词。句意：一项发表在同行评审期刊《早期岁月》上的新研究发现，对于3至9岁的儿童来说，数字类桌游的形式有助于提高他们的数数、加法运算以及判断一个数字比另一个数字大还是小的能力。此处引导宾语从句，作recognize的宾语，结合句意，此处表示“是否”，用连接词whether。故填whether。 42．考查定语从句。句意：研究人员表示，孩子们会从每周在老师或其他受过训练的成年人监督下玩几次桌游的项目中受益。此处引导定语从句，先行词为programs，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 43．考查形容词最高级。句意：该研究的第一作者杰米·巴拉达雷斯博士是智利圣地亚哥天主教大学最知名的儿童心理学家之一，他说：“桌游能提高幼儿的数学能力，而且还能很容易地调整桌游内容，融入与数学技能或其他领域相关的学习目标。”此处为固定结构“one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”，意为“最……之一”，well-known的最高级为most well-known。故填most well-known。 44．考查介词。句意：研究人员着手调查实体桌游在促进幼儿学习方面所产生效果的程度。此处为固定搭配the effects of sth.，意为“某物的效果”，用介词of。故填of。 45．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的研究结果基于对2000年以来发表的19项研究的综述，这些研究涉及3至9岁的儿童。此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰19 studies，与involve为主动关系，用现在分词involving。故填involving。 46．考查冠词。句意：所有参与研究的儿童都参加了专门的桌游课程，这些课程平均每周开展两次，每次20分钟，持续了18个月。period为可数名词单数，意为“时期，阶段”，空前无限定词，所以使用冠词，结合句意，此处泛指“一个18个月的阶段”，18-month是以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an。故填an。 47．考查定语从句。句意：带领这些课程的成年人包括教师、治疗师或家长。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the adults，指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。 48．考查代词。句意：在其他研究中，所有儿童都参与了数字桌游，但被分配了不同的类型，如多米诺骨牌。此处指代“其他的研究”，与前文的In some of the 19 studies呼应，用代词others。故填others。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：所有儿童都在干预课程前后接受了数学能力评估，这些课程旨在培养他们大声数数等技能。此处为非谓语动词作目的状语，用动词不定式to encourage。故填to encourage。 50．考查连词。句意：结果显示，这些儿童在参加了干预课程后，数学能力有了显著提高。此处引导时间状语从句，表“在……之后”，用连词after。故填after。 Passage 6 （2026 上海海事大附属北蔡高中・高一下） It was a big day for Liu Jing, an overseas Chinese student in Paris. She had been working with her friends for three months on an exhibition, which opened on Thursday, in order to promote Hanfu— traditional Chinese clothing, 51 their latest efforts to raise the world’s public awareness of Chinese culture. Liu, a computer-science major in France who has been dedicated to promoting Chinese culture and a lover of Hanfu, 52 (establish) the Mugua Organization, a nongovernmental traditional Chinese cultural organization in France. “I established the organization to unite more people and promote Chinese culture together, and 53 are Chinese moms, locals who are in love with traditional Chinese culture, and overseas students as well,” she noted. The four 54 (representative) women’s clothes from different dynasties of China are on display in the most noted position, 55 ( attract) visitors’ attention from almost all corners of the house. In mid-2022, the French brand Dior introduced its new collection by using China’s traditional mamianqun element 56 acknowledging it. The French brand 57 (criticize) due to the incident. The controversy spread not only on Chinese social media platform Sina Weibo, but also among Chinese nationals around the world, 58 a series of activities erupted among people to speak up and defend Chinese culture. “The negative impact of the Dior incident has obviously stressed the importance of recognizing Chinese culture on the international stage. It is an exciting thing for more and more Chinese groups and individuals 59 (tell) others about our own culture,” Tan Shan, a Beijing-based cultural expert told the Global Times on Thursday. 【答案】51．as 52．has established 53．they 54．representative 55．attracting 56．without 57．was criticized 58．where 59．to tell 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述巴黎华侨学生刘晶（音译）与朋友筹备三个月举办汉服展，通过展示不同朝代服饰推广中国文化。此前2022年法国品牌迪奥未经承认使用中国马面裙元素引发争议，凸显国际舞台上中国文化认可的重要性。 51．考查介词。句意：这是巴黎华侨学生刘晶的重要日子。她和朋友们为一场展览忙活了三个月，该展览于周四开幕，旨在推广汉服 —— 中国传统服饰，作为他们提高世界公众对中国文化认知的最新努力。此处表示“作为”，用介词as。故填as。 52．考查动词时态。句意：刘晶是法国计算机科学专业的学生，一直致力于推广中国文化，也是汉服爱好者，她在法国成立了木瓜组织，一个非政府的中国传统文组织。这里考查谓语动词，主语Liu与establish为主动关系，此处表过去动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，主语Liu是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has established。 53．考查代词。句意：她指出：“我成立这个组织是为了团结更多人一起推广中国文化，他们中有中国妈妈、热爱中国传统文化的当地人，还有留学生。” 此处指代上文more people，作主语应用代词they。故填they。 54．考查形容词。句意：四套代表中国不同朝代的女性服饰被陈列在最显眼的位置，吸引了几乎来自展厅各个角落的参观者的注意。修饰名词clothes应用形容词，representative，表“有代表性的”，符合语境。故填representative。 55．考查非谓语动词。句意：四套代表中国不同朝代的女性服饰被陈列在最显眼的位置，吸引了几乎来自展厅各个角落的参观者的注意。此空考查非谓语，clothes与attract为主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语。故填attracting。 56．考查介词。句意：2022年中期，法国品牌迪奥在推出新系列时使用了中国传统马面裙元素，却未予以承认。根据语境，此处表示“没有承认”，且空后是动名词 acknowledging，故用介词without。故填without。 57．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：该法国品牌因这一事件遭到批评。此空考查谓语动词，The French brand与criticize为被动关系，且动作发生在2022年，用一般过去时的被动语态；主语brand为单数。故填was criticized。 58．考查定语从句。句意：这场争议不仅在中国社交媒体平台新浪微博上蔓延，也在世界各地的华人中传播，在这些华人中爆发了一系列活动，人们站出来捍卫中国文化。此空考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为among Chinese nationals around the world，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 59．考查非谓语动词。句意：北京文化专家谭珊周四告诉《环球时报》：“迪奥事件的负面影响显然凸显了中国文化在国际舞台上被认可的重要性。越来越多的中国团体和个人向他人讲述我们自己的文化，这是一件令人兴奋的事。”这里考查“It is + 名词 + for sb. to do sth.”，为固定句型，所以应用不定式作真正主语。故填to tell。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $