专题05 阅读理解 说明文（期末真题汇编，四川专用）高一英语下学期

**基本信息** 精选四川多地高一下期末真题，聚焦说明文阅读理解，涵盖历史文化、科技环保、生活学习三大主题，素材真实鲜活，梯度设计合理。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|48题（每篇4题）|细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测|以英国红色电话亭文化保护、全球变暖影响、MBTI性格与职业等真实情境为载体，融合科技前沿（如“奋斗者”号深潜）与社会热点（广告技术隐私问题），注重思维层次递进。|

命学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题05阅读理解说明文 答案版 基础 必练 主题01人与社会一历史社会与文化 Passage 1 1.C2.B3.D4.C Passage 2 1.A2.C3.B Passage 3 1.C2.B3.D4.A Passage 4 1.D2.B3.C4.D 主题02人与社会—科学与技术 Passage 1 1.A2.C3.C4.D Passage 2 1.B2.A3.D4.C Passage 3 1.B2.D3.D4.A Passage 4 1.B2.B3.D4.C Passage 5 命学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 1.A2.C3.C4.D 主题03人与自我— 生活与学习 Passage 1 1.C2.A3.B4.C Passage 2 1.A2.C3.A Passage 3 1.C2.D3.B4.C 进阶 提升 主题01人与社会—历史社会与文化 Passage 1 1.B2.B3.C4.C Passage 2 1.A2.D3.B4.B Passage 3 1.B2.C3.A4.D Passage 4 1.C2.C3.D4.B 主题02人与社会—科学与技术 Passage 1 命学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 1.D2.C3.C4.A Passage 2 1.C2.A3.D4.B Passage 3 1.D2.B3.B4.A Passage 4 1.A2.C3.B4.C Passage 5 1.C2.D3.C4.D 主题03人与自我生活与学习 Passage 1 1.B2.D3.C4.A Passage 2 1.B2.D3.A4.C Passage 3 1.D2.B3.D4.B 专题05 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——历史社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下资阳市·期末） When it comes to symbols of the UK, people may think of the red telephone box. For many, taking photos with one is a must-do when visiting the country. The red telephone box also plays an important role in many movies and novels. One of the most famous examples can be found in the Harry Potter series. In the story, the secret Ministry of Magic has a hidden entrance inside a London telephone box. There, people can reach the ministry by dialing 62442. However, as more people have their own mobile phones these days, public phone boxes are not used much anymore. To protect this symbol of British cultural heritage, people are finding creative ways to reuse the phone boxes. In recent years, they have become mini-libraries, cafes and even art spaces. For example, along Hampstead High Street in North London, a telephone box has been turned into a cute cafe. Although it’s tiny, this special cafe offers coffee, tea, cakes and sandwiches. There are also lots of mini-lending libraries in old phone boxes across the UK. One example is the Lewisham Micro Library. People can borrow a book from the library and replace it with one of their own. Starting this year, 2,000 telephone boxes will be changed into new street centers. These digital red telephone boxes will offer free WiFi, phone calls and local information over the next 10 years, beginning in 2025. 1．What is the purpose of mentioning the secret Ministry of Magic in the text? A．To introduce where its hidden entrance is. B．To tell readers how to make phone calls in the movies. C．To show red phone boxes are special in British culture. D．To explain what has made the Harry Potter series popular. 2．Why are public phone boxes less used nowadays according to the text? A．They are out of service. B．People prefer using mobile phones. C．They are too expensive to use. D．They are not available in many areas. 3．How does the UK protect the red telephone boxes? A．By making people pay to use them. B．By painting them with more colors. C．By keeping people away from them. D．By turning them into useful new spaces. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The telephone boxes are an American symbol. B．The red telephone boxes will become museums. C．British people protect the red telephone boxes creatively. D．The red telephone boxes will gradually disappear in the UK. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国红色电话亭的文化意义、现状及人们为保护这一文化符号所采取的创造性再利用方式。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The red telephone box also plays an important role in many movies and novels. One of the most famous examples can be found in the Harry Potter series. In the story, the secret Ministry of Magic has a hidden entrance inside a London telephone box.(红色电话亭在许多电影和小说中也扮演着重要角色。最著名的例子之一可见于《哈利・波特》系列。在故事中，神秘的魔法部在伦敦的一个电话亭内有一个隐藏入口)”可推知，提及魔法部是为了说明红色电话亭在英国文化中具有特殊性。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, as more people have their own mobile phones these days, public phone boxes are not used much anymore.(然而，如今随着越来越多的人拥有自己的手机，公用电话亭不再被频繁使用)”可知，如今公用电话亭使用减少是因为人们更喜欢用手机。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“To protect this symbol of British cultural heritage, people are finding creative ways to reuse the phone boxes. In recent years, they have become mini-libraries, cafes and even art spaces.(为了保护这一英国文化遗产的象征，人们正在寻找富有创意的方式来重新利用电话亭。近年来，这些电话亭已经变成了迷你图书馆、咖啡馆，甚至是艺术空间)”可知，英国通过将红色电话亭改造成有用的新空间来保护它们。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章围绕英国红色电话亭展开，介绍了其文化意义、因手机普及而被冷落的现状，以及人们将其改造成迷你图书馆、咖啡馆等创造性保护方式。C 项“British people protect the red telephone boxes creatively.(英国人创造性地保护红色电话亭)”概括了文章核心内容。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下四川南充市·期末） Best Chinese Food in Chicago Here are top Chinese Food Restaurants in Chicago — spots where you’ll find not just one good dish but a whole menu worth exploring. Ken Kee Restaurant ·Location: 2129 S China Pl, Chicago. IL 60616 ·Ideal for: Date Nights, Casual Meals, etc. Their chow mein and salt-and-pepper pork chops are staples, but the real fun is their afternoon tea menu. Ever tried Ovaltine-dusted creamy toast? Or pineapple buns filled with truffle butter? It’s unexpected and delightful, like rediscovering something you thought you already knew. Chengdu Bistro ·Location: 2211 W North Ave, Chicago, IL 60647 ·Perfect for: Casual Meals. The first time I went to Chengdu Bistro in Wicker Park, it was for the dumplings. They didn’t disappoint. This comfortable spot, part of the Chengdu Impression family, is where Sichuan heat takes center stage. You can feel it in the air. Your nose itches slightly from the spice when you walk in. Potsticker House ·Location: 3139 S Halsted St. Chicago. IL 60608 ·Excellent for: Walk-ins, Casual Meals, Takeout, etc. Bridgeport’s Potsticker House is where I go when dumplings are the only things on my mind. Long, crispy potstickers are the star here — each bite feels like a small celebration. Three Little Pigs ·Location: 964 W 31st St, Chicago, IL 60608 ·Suited for: Takeout, walk-in customers, and Casual Meals. Their pork fried rice feels like home in a bowl, and the barbecue pork is melt-in-your-mouth good. If you’re in Bridgeport, stop by their current location near Maria’s Community Bar, or check out their River West ghost kitchen. Chicago’s Chinese food is a refection of the city’s diversity and creativity. Whether you’re longing for dumplings. BBQ duck, or something completely unexpected, these restaurants deliver every time. 1．Which is a highlight of Ken Kee’s afternoon tea? A．The Ovaltine-dusted toast. B．The crispy potsticker. C．The barbecue pork. D．The spicy dumpling. 2．Which restaurant operates a ghost kitchen in River West? A．Chengdu Bistro. B．Potsticker House. C．Three Little Pigs. D．Ken Kee Restaurant. 3．What do the four restaurants have in common? A．They all have a takeout service. B．They are all suitable for casual meals. C．They all serve dumplings as their main dish. D．They are all located in the same neighborhood. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍四种芝加哥顶级的中式餐厅。 【详解】136．细节理解题。根据Ken Kee Restaurant部分第一段中的“Ever tried Ovaltine-dusted creamy toast? Or pineapple buns filled with truffle butter? It’s unexpected and delightful(有没有尝过撒有奥瓦特林粉的奶油吐司？或者夹着松露黄油的菠萝面包？这种味道既出乎意料又令人愉悦)”可知，Ken Kee的特色菜是 Ovaltine-dusted creamy toast。故选A项。 1．细节理解题。根据Three Little Pigs部分第一段末句“check out their River West ghost kitchen(去参观一下他们的河西幽灵厨房)”，可知该餐厅在River West设有幽灵厨房。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。Ken Kee Restaurant部分第二行提到了Casual Meals(休闲用餐)。Chengdu Bistro部分提到了Perfect for:Casual Meals(非常适合：休闲用餐)。Potsticker House部分提到了Excellent for: Casual Meals(非常适合：休闲用餐)。Three Little Pigs部分提到了Suited for:Casual Meals(非常适合：休闲用餐)。因此这四家餐厅的共性都适合休闲用餐。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下四川石室天府中学·期末） Have you heard of Hispanic Heritage Month (拉美裔文化月)? We break down this monthlong celebration from September 15 to October 15 that recognizes the different Hispanic community in the United States and the varied and meaningful contributions they bring to our country and culture. According to the Hispanic Heritage Month (拉美裔文化月) official website, it is observed “by celebrating the histories, cultures, and contributions of Americans whose ancestors came from Spain, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America”. For generations, Hispanics have contributed to the food, music, business, science, and culture that we know as American, and the 30 days that make up Hispanic Heritage Month each fall is just one opportunity to show these achievements. Hispanics are the country’s second-largest racial group, behind white non-Hispanics according to the latest 2020 census (普查). Hispanics now account for 18.7 percent of the U.S. population, up 2.4 percent in the previous decade with 62.1 million Hispanics living across America with big concentrations in New York, California, Texas and Florida. Hispanic Heritage Month first started as a week when it was signed into law by President Lyndon B．Johnson in 1968. According to Congressional history, the week was created to bring attention and awareness to “Hispanic-American contributions to the United States”, along with networking opportunities for “grassroots and civil rights activists inside and outside the Hispanic-American community”. Almost 20 years later, Representative Esteban Torres of California, a proud Mexican-American, gave a bill to expand it into Hispanic Heritage Month saying supporters of the bill “want the American people to learn of our heritage. We want the public to know that we share a legacy (遗产) with the rest of the country, a legacy that includes artists, writers, Olympic champions, and leaders in business, government, cinema, and science”. That bill didn’t pass, but Senator Paul Simon of Illinois gave a similar bill that President Ronald Reagan signed into law after that in 1988 creating now what Hispanic Heritage Month is. 1．What is the aim of Hispanic Heritage Month? A．To pass the values of Hispanics. B．To celebrate the harvest of each fall. C．To display the achievements made by Hispanics. D．To honor the first generation of Hispanics in America. 2．Which racial group is the largest in America? A．People from Spain. B．White non-Hispanics. C．Non-white people. D．People from the Caribbean. 3．When did Representative Esteban Torres introduce his bill? A．In 2020. B．In 1968. C．In 1987. D．In 1988. 4．Which might be the best title for the text? A．What is Hispanic Heritage Month in America? B．Where do Hispanics Come from? C．Why do People Create Hispanic Heritage Month? D．How do People Celebrate Hispanic Heritage Month? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国拉美裔文化月的概况及其起源。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“For generations, Hispanics have contributed to the food, music, business, science, and culture that we know as American, and the 30 days that make up Hispanic Heritage Month each fall is just one opportunity to show these achievements.(几代人以来，拉美裔为我们美国人所熟知的美食、音乐、商业、科学和文化做出了贡献，每年秋天的30天拉美裔传统月只是展示这些成就的一个机会)”可知，西班牙传统月的目的是展示拉美裔所取得的成就。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Hispanics are the country’s second-largest racial group, behind white non-Hispanics according to the latest 2020 census (普查).(根据最新的2020年人口普查，拉美裔是美国第二大族群，其人数仅次于非拉美裔白人)”可推知，非拉美裔白人是美国的第一大族群。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Hispanic Heritage Month first started as a week when it was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1968.(西班牙传统月最初是由林登·约翰逊总统于1968年签署成为法律的一个星期)”及最后一段第一句“Almost 20 years later, Representative Esteban Torres of California, a proud Mexican-American, gave a bill to expand it into Hispanic Heritage Month saying supporters of the bill “want the American people to learn of our heritage.(将近20年后，自豪的墨西哥裔美国人、加利福尼亚州众议员埃斯特班·托雷斯(Esteban Torres)提出了一项法案，将其扩大为西班牙裔传统月。他说，该法案的支持者“希望美国人民了解我们的传统。”)”可推知，Esteban Torres应是在1988年提出的该法案。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国拉美裔文化月的概况及其起源。A项“什么是拉美裔文化月?”能概括文章大意，适合作本文的标题。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下四川广安市广安区·期末） One cold autumn afternoon, in a forest outside the tiny village of Hümmel, I went for a walk with the German forester Peter Wohlleben. Wohlleben had been managing the forest for almost three decades, and he had cared for it with unusual gentleness. Each tree is cut individually and removed using horses, rather than heavy machinery, to avoid damaging underground networks of roots and fungi that allow trees to exchange resources and chemical signals. He has created additional income for the forest by leading tours and teaching courses, etc. He has long insisted that people around the world could and should manage their forests likewise. Until a few years ago, virtually no one was listening. To make his views and his know-how widely known, Wohlleben began writing books. However, his first fifteen reached a modest audience. The turning point came in 2015 with his sixteenth book, The Hidden Life of Trees. Inspired by the walking tours like the one that Wohlleben was leading me on, he shifted the tone in this book — from technical writing to a warm, story-like style. He said, “The people I guided through the forest — they were hard trainers. When I talked in a way that wasn’t interesting, they would begin talking with each other.” So he adopted a cheerful and friendly tone — like a kind uncle telling fairy tales, full of warmth and a sense of wonder. And it struck a chord: The Hidden Life of Trees has sold more than a million copies in Germany alone, and more than three million worldwide. Near the end of our walk, Wohlleben showed me a C-shaped stump (树桩). It had been cut down at least fifty years ago, and yet, somehow, it was still alive. The tree’s roots, many of which grew above the soil, were visibly connected to a nearby tree. To Wohlleben, this was proof of the remarkable mutuality of trees — that they will continue caring for nearby trees even after their death. 1．Why does Wohlleben use horses to remove trees? A．To get around easily. B．To keep the old tradition alive. C．To reduce equipment costs. D．To protect underground roots and fungi. 2．What makes The Hidden Life of Trees more popular than Wohlleben’s earlier books? A．It is well advertised. B．It is easy and fun to read. C．It offers scientific knowledge. D．It explores human-nature bond. 3．Which can best replace the underlined “mutuality”? A．Adaptation. B．Growth. C．Connection. D．Lifespan. 4．What might be a suitable title? A．The Secret Language of Trees B．How a Book Changed Forestry C．A Forest Walk with Wohlleben D．Wohlleben and His Forest Message 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了德国林务员Wohlleben温和地管理着森林，其著作《树木的隐秘生活》以故事体风格走红，书中传递树木间相互关联等信息，传播其森林管理理念。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Each tree is cut individually and removed using horses, rather than heavy machinery, to avoid damaging underground networks of roots and fungi that allow trees to exchange resources and chemical signals.(每棵树都是单独进行砍伐的，并且是用马匹而非重型机械来移除的，这样可以避免破坏地下由根系和菌类构成的网络结构，这些网络结构使得树木能够进行资源交换和化学信号传递)”可知，沃勒莱本用马来移除树木是为了保护地下根系和菌类。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“To make his views and his know-how widely known, Wohlleben began writing books. However, his first fifteen reached a modest audience. The turning point came in 2015 with his sixteenth book, The Hidden Life of Trees. Inspired by the walking tours like the one that Wohlleben was leading me on, he shifted the tone in this book — from technical writing to a warm, story-like style.(为了让更多人了解他的观点和专业知识，沃尔勒本开始撰写书籍。然而，他的前十五本书的读者数量并不多。转折点出现在2015年，他出版了第十六本书《树木的隐秘生活》。受到沃尔勒本带领我进行的徒步旅行活动的启发，他在这本书中改变了风格——从专业的写作风格转变为温暖、类似故事的风格)”以及“So he adopted a cheerful and friendly tone — like a kind uncle telling fairy tales, full of warmth and a sense of wonder.(于是他便采用了欢快且亲切的语气——就像一位慈祥的叔叔在讲童话故事那样，充满了温暖和奇妙的想象)”可知，《树的秘密生活》比沃尔勒本之前的著作更受欢迎的原因是其易于阅读且充满乐趣。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The tree’s roots, many of which grew above the soil, were visibly connected to a nearby tree.(这棵树的根系中有很多部分生长在土壤之上，而且明显与附近的一棵树相连)”可知，文中提到被砍伐的树桩根系与附近树木相连，这体现了树木间的相互关联，“mutuality”在此处指树木间的这种连接关系，故划线词意思是“联系”。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Wohlleben had been managing the forest for almost three decades, and he had cared for it with unusual gentleness.(沃尔勒本管理这片森林已有近三十年之久，他对待这片森林的方式极为温和)”以及第三段“To make his views and his know-how widely known, Wohlleben began writing books. However, his first fifteen reached a modest audience. The turning point came in 2015 with his sixteenth book, The Hidden Life of Trees.(为了让更多人了解他的观点和专业知识，沃尔勒本开始撰写书籍。然而，他的前十五本书的读者数量并不多。转折点出现在2015年，他出版了第十六本书《树木的隐秘生活》)”，结合文章主要说明了德国林务员Wohlleben温和地管理着森林，其著作《树木的隐秘生活》以故事体风格走红，书中传递树木间相互关联等信息，传播其森林管理理念可知，D选项“沃尔勒本和他的森林信息”能概括文章内容，最适合作文章标题。故选D。 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下四川眉山市仁寿县·期末） Global warming is one of the most pressing environmental issues of our time. It refers to the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s climate system, primarily due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. As the climate warms, it leads to a variety of environmental impacts including the melting of ice caps, rising sea levels, and extreme weather events. One significant consequence of global warming is the melting of glacier ice. This not only causes sea levels to rise but also threatens coastal communities with flooding and erosion. For instance, islands in the Pacific Ocean are already experiencing the effects as their land slowly disappears beneath the waves. Moreover, global warming is responsible for more frequent and severe weather events. Increased temperatures can lead to more intense storms, floods, and droughts, disrupting ecosystems and human societies. In the United States, hurricanes have become more powerful with greater rainfall, leading to significant damage and loss of life. Addressing global warming requires international cooperation and individual efforts. Countries worldwide need to work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and develop sustainable energy sources. Meanwhile, individuals can make a difference by reducing energy consumption, supporting green initiatives, and raising awareness about climate issues. To combat global warming effectively, it’s essential for everyone to acknowledge the problem and take action before it’s too late. 1．Which of the following causes global warming according to the article? A．Deforestation and burning fossil fuels. B．Much use of chemicals in agriculture. C．Nuclear energy production. D．Overfishing in the oceans. 2．What is one effect of glacier melting mentioned in the passage? A．Rise in agricultural productivity. B．Creation of new land habitats. C．Threats to coastal communities. D．Decrease in desert areas. 3．How has global warming affected weather patterns? A．It has made winters milder. B．It has made summers cooler. C．Bad weather events happened more often. D．It has decreased the number of sunny days. 4．What action is suggested in the article as part of addressing global warming? A．Relocating coastal residents. B．Constructing more sea barriers. C．Increasing nuclear energy production. D．Developing sustainable energy sources. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球变暖的原因、影响及应对措施。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It refers to the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s climate system, primarily due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation.(它指的是地球气候系统平均气温的长期上升，主要是由于人类活动，如燃烧化石燃料和砍伐森林。)”可知，文章中提到的全球变暖的原因是砍伐森林和燃烧化石燃料。故选A。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One significant consequence of global warming is the melting of glacier ice. This not only causes sea levels to rise but also threatens coastal communities with flooding and erosion.(全球变暖的一个显著后果是冰川融化。这不仅导致海平面上升，还威胁到沿海社区的洪水和侵蚀。)”可知，冰川融化对沿海社区构成威胁。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Moreover, global warming is responsible for more frequent and severe weather events.(此外，全球变暖导致了更频繁和更严重的天气事件。)”可知，全球变暖使恶劣天气事件更加频繁。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Addressing global warming requires international cooperation and individual efforts. Countries worldwide need to work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and develop sustainable energy sources.(解决全球变暖问题需要国际合作和个人努力。世界各国需要共同努力减少温室气体排放，开发可持续能源。)”可知，文章中建议开发可持续能源作为解决全球变暖问题的一部分。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下四川资阳市·期末） Flying in a beautiful hot air balloon is cool. But have you ever wondered what makes it possible? It’s helium — a very important, but often forgotten gas. The world is running low on helium. In the last 20 years, there have been four times when there wasn’t enough of it. What we know about helium is lighter than air. Also, you can’t actually see, smell, or taste it. It doesn’t easily react with other things. Most people know helium for filling balloons, but it has many other uses. For example, the MRI machines which doctors use to look inside our bodies, need liquid helium to keep cool and create pictures to understand patients’ health problems. It is also used to cool parts of satellites and clean rockets. What’s more, it’s important in making computer chips. It’s clear that helium is useful, but the problem is that it is hard to get and keep. It only comes in two ways: nuclear reactions (核反应) in stars and the slow breakdown of certain rocks deep in Earth. We can’t make helium with today’s technology. It is so light that it goes into space. Even when we make it stay here on Earth, it can go through tiny holes and even go up walls, making it easy to lose after use. At present, people are working to stop helium from running out. Scientists suggest we improve our technology and try to use less helium in some fields. 1．What is the problem with helium? A．It is no longer safe. B．It is running out. C．It is bad for our health. D．It is becoming lighter. 2．What question does paragraph 2 answer? A．What helium is. B．Why we lack helium. C．How we get helium. D．When we need helium. 3．How does the author show helium has many other uses? A．By telling stories. B．By raising questions. C．By listing numbers. D．By giving examples. 4．What can we do now to stop helium running out according to the scientists? A．Use other similar gases. B．Make helium heavier. C．Use less helium in some areas. D．Collect helium from outer space. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了氦气的重要性、特性、用途、获取困难及目前为防止其枯竭所采取的措施 。 【详解】53．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The world is running low on helium. In the last 20 years, there have been four times when there wasn’t enough of it.(世界上的氦气越来越少了。在过去的 20 年里，有四次出现了氦气不足的情况)”可知，氦气存在的问题是正在耗尽。故选B。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“What we know about helium is lighter than air. Also, you can’t actually see, smell, or taste it. It doesn’t easily react with other things.(我们所知道的氦气比空气轻。而且，你实际上看不到、闻不到或尝不到它。它不容易与其他物质发生反应)”可知，该段主要回答了“氦气是什么”这一问题。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, the MRI machines which doctors use to look inside our bodies, need liquid helium to keep cool and create pictures to understand patients’ health problems. It is also used to cool parts of satellites and clean rockets. What’s more, it’s important in making computer chips.(例如，医生用来观察我们身体内部的核磁共振成像机器需要液态氦来保持冷却并创建图像以了解患者的健康问题。它还用于冷却卫星的部分部件和清洁火箭。此外，它在制造计算机芯片方面也很重要)”可知，作者通过举例说明氦气有许多其他用途。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Scientists suggest we improve our technology and try to use less helium in some fields.(科学家建议我们改进技术，并尝试在某些领域减少氦气的使用)”可知，根据科学家的建议，我们现在可以在某些领域减少氦气的使用来防止其耗尽。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下四川凉山州·期末） Sleeping in a noisy room isn’t only distracting (使人分心的), but it can also harm your health. Although researchers have known for decades that long-term loud noises can harm us, it’s only recently become recognized as a widespread problem. In a new review of previously published studies, researchers from Germany and Denmark took a look at the ways in which noises, such as an airplane passing by or jackhammer digging in the ground, can affect our hearts. Perhaps the most obvious impact of a loud sound while you are sleeping is that it can wake you up. But, even if you don’t remember hearing the noise or you don’t physically get out of bed, it can disrupt you in ways you may not realize. “Noise is not just causing annoyance, but it actually makes us sick,” said Dr Thomas Münzel, a professor at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. “Regardless of where the sound is coming from, if it gets louder than 60 decibels (分贝), it can increase the risk of heart disease.” When our body hears these noises, it reacts with a stress reaction. In this case, these sudden and unexpected noises cause hormones (荷尔蒙) to speed up and eventually damage the heart. Although the chance that a single noise will affect you is unlikely, it’s the continuous exposure to the sound that can finally affect you. “But our heart health isn’t the only cause for concern. Long-term noise may also raise the risk of type 2 diabetes (糖尿病), depression, and anxiety disorders,” he warns. In the future, Münzel plans to examine how noises from cars, planes, and other vehicles affect the brain. But despite the amount or the depth of research he conducts, it’ll take the help of politicians to improve the effect of noise on our health. “Politicians have to take into account, in particular, the new findings,” Münzel said, “As for aircraft noise and airports, it is important to make new laws and set new lower noise limits that protect people living close by the airport instead of the owners of the airport. ” 1．How does a loud noise most obviously affect sleeping people? A．By making people dream more. B．By waking people up. C．By making people get out of bed. D．By speeding up people’s heartbeat. 2．Which expression can replace the underlined “exposure to” in paragraph 4? A．appeal to B．separation from C．harm to D．contact with 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Noises only cause annoyance. B．Low noises have no impact on heart health. C．Noise-related brain problems will be checked. D．Noise control will probably rely on politicians. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Noises affect our health in many ways. B．New laws have limited noise completely. C．The influence of noise rises apparently. D．The sources of noise are cut off. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍噪音对健康的多方面影响及相关研究和改善建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Perhaps the most obvious impact of a loud sound while you are sleeping is that it can wake you up.(也许在你睡觉时，吵闹的声音最明显的影响是它能把你吵醒)”可知，吵闹的声音对睡眠中的人最明显的影响是把人吵醒。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Although the chance that a single noise will affect you is unlikely, it’s the continuous exposure to the sound that can finally affect you.(虽然单一噪音影响你的可能性不大，但持续exposure to这种声音最终会影响你)”可知，单一的噪音影响人们的可能性不大，但如果持续接触的话，最终会产生影响。所以“exposure to”在这里表示“接触”，与“contact with”意思相近。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But despite the amount or the depth of research he conducts, it’ll take the help of politicians to improve the effect of noise on our health.(但无论他进行的研究数量多少或深度如何，都需要政治家的帮助来改善噪音对我们健康的影响)”可推断，噪音控制可能要依靠政治家。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Sleeping in a noisy room isn’t only distracting, but it can also harm your health.(在嘈杂的房间里睡觉不仅会让人分心，还会损害健康)”、第三段中的““Noise is not just causing annoyance, but it actually makes us sick,” said Dr Thomas Münzel... “Regardless of where the sound is coming from, if it gets louder than 60 decibels, it can increase the risk of heart disease. ”(“噪音不仅会让人烦恼，实际上还会让我们生病，”美因茨约翰内斯古腾堡大学的教授托马斯·明策尔博士说“不管声音来自哪里，如果超过60分贝，就会增加患心脏病的风险。”)”以及第五段中的“But our heart health isn’t the only cause for concern. Long-term noise may also raise the risk of type 2 diabetes (糖尿病), depression, and anxiety disorders,(但我们的心脏健康并不是唯一值得关注的问题。长期噪音还可能增加患2型糖尿病、抑郁症和焦虑症的风险)”可知，文章围绕噪音对健康的影响展开，阐述了其对心脏、引发糖尿病、抑郁和焦虑等多方面的危害，核心是噪音在诸多方面影响健康。因此，本文主旨为噪音在很多方面影响我们的健康。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下四川内江市·期末） From checking social media every minute to being lost in computer games, we tend to misapply technology. “For many people, a moment without your phone or laptop looks like a lifetime,” the Daily Mail commented. A computer model called Mindy may make many people to think twice. A team of scientists built a 3-D model to uncover the impacts technology can have on human bodies in less than 800 years. “Spending hours looking down at your phone hurts your neck and throws your spine (脊椎) off balance,” explained Caleb Backe, a health expert. Then, the muscles in our neck need to spend extra effort to support the head, making our back bent and neck wide. “The way we hold our phones can cause stress in certain points of contact — causing text claw (爪子),” Nikola Djordjevic, a practicing physician told the team. It affects the elbows too, causing pain in the arm. That’s why Mindy has a 90-degree elbow, and her hands look like she’s always holding a mobile phone. Some people also commented that human evolution (进化) may not work this way. They believe that only features with actual benefits would be kept throughout the years. For example, features that can increase the rate of survival, instead of the negative influence of technology. However, current human lifestyles still raise concerns. A model called Emma was built by researchers to show how the way people work at their desks could change them in 20 years. The research team built Emma based on the health issues mentioned by over 3,000 workers in different countries. Emma’s back stays bent, and her legs are out of shape due to the time people spend in front of computers. With little time spent outdoors and in the sun, her skin is gray, too. 1．What does the underlined word “misapply” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Avoid. B．Overuse. C．Improve. D．Obtain. 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The working theory of Mindy. B．The harm of mobile phones on health. C．The influence of the computer model. D．The proper ways of using mobile phones. 3．What does Emma look like? A．Smart. B．Flexible. C．Unhappy. D．Abnormal 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Computer Models Serve as Helpers B．Computer Games Should Be Improved C．Technology Might Change Body Shape D．Adjustment Shall Be Made to Technology 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述科学家通过计算机模型预测科技滥用（如过度使用手机、电脑）对人类身体形态可能造成的负面影响，Mindy和Emma模型，分别展示800年后人类形态变化和20年后办公室人群的身体变化。 1．词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“From checking social media every minute to being lost in computer games(从每分钟查看社交媒体到沉迷于电脑游戏)”以及下文“For many people, a moment without your phone or laptop looks like a lifetime(对很多人来说，没有手机或笔记本电脑的一刻就像一辈子)”可知，“misapply technology”强调科技使用频率过高，misapply指“过度使用”，与B选项“Overuse”意思一致。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Spending hours looking down at your phone hurts your neck and throws your spine (脊椎) off balance(花几个小时低头看手机会伤到脖子并使脊椎失去平衡)”以及“The way we hold our phones can cause stress in certain points of contact — causing text claw (爪子), It affects the elbows too, causing pain in the arm.( 我们拿手机的方式会在某些接触点造成压力，导致 ‘短信爪’，它也会影响肘部，导致手臂疼痛)”等内容，可知，这段主要讲述了手机对健康的危害。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Emma’s back stays bent, and her legs are out of shape due to the time people spend in front of computers. With little time spent outdoors and in the sun, her skin is gray, too.(Emma的背部一直弯曲，由于人们在电脑前度过的时间，她的腿也走样了。由于很少在户外和阳光下，她的皮肤也呈灰色。)”可推知，Emma看起来是不正常的。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段“A computer model called Mindy may make many people to think twice. A team of scientists built a 3-D model to uncover the impacts technology can have on human bodies in less than 800 years.(一个名为Mindy的计算机模型可能会让很多人重新思考一些问题。一组科学家构建了一个三维模型，旨在探究在不到 800 年的时间里，科技会对人类身体产生的影响。)”以及最后一段“The research team built Emma based on the health issues mentioned by over 3,000 workers in different countries. Emma’s back stays bent, and her legs are out of shape due to the time people spend in front of computers. With little time spent outdoors and in the sun, her skin is gray, too.(研究小组根据来自不同国家的3000多名员工提到的健康问题构建了Emma。由于人们长时间坐在电脑前，Emma的背一直是弯曲的，她的腿也变形了。由于很少在户外晒太阳，她的皮肤也是灰色的。)”可知，文章主要介绍科学家通过计算机模型Mindy和Emma预测科技滥用（如过度使用手机、电脑）对人类身体形态可能造成的负面影响，对人体外形造成的改变。C选项“Technology Might Change Body Shape(科技可能改变身体形状)”符合文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选C项。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高一下四川仁寿县·期末） A dog can be a person’s best friend, or so the theory goes. But that relationship can be tested when a dog begins barking at an empty corner of a room, at a door, or anywhere where there doesn’t appear to be any activity at all taking place. Is it communication with invisible beings? Or does it simply want to drive its owner crazy? According to the American Kennel Club (AKC), the most common explanation for dogs’barking without reasons is that it’s not really voluntary at all. Dogs are, obviously, equipped with superior hearing including the ability to detect sounds that are higher in pitch (音高). It is said that a dog could be reacting to a noise that person won’t be able to hear. If a dog barks seemingly for no apparent reason at night, it might because the noise nearby is lessened and barks of other dogs become more clearly. Because dogs protect their own area, one dog barking can turn into many others to guard themselves. Dogs are also able to see better in the dark than humans thanks to their ability to get more light into their retinas (视网膜). If a dog is reacting to what looks like an empty backyard at night, it’s possible that something has caught their attention, be it a wild animal, a leaf, or a stranger. That’s not to say that dogs only bark because of their acute (敏锐的) senses. Some dogs might bark out of boredom in which case more exercise or play time is probably needed. They might also be trying to get their owner’s attention. The AKC recommends that owners avoid speaking angrily to their dogs for barking.Instead, owners can try calming the dogs to let them know they’ re aware of their concern. If they tend to bark while looking out of a window, owners can also try to pull the curtains. Less often, continual barking might be a sign of cognitive issues. If barking is persistent and no criminal is hiding out in your bushes, then you might consider a trip to the vet. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Dogs have the awareness of their own area. B．Dogs are not as sensitive to sound as humans. C．The surrounding noise will make a dog frightened. D．A dog barks in order to make friends with other dogs. 2．According to the passage, which factors won’t make dogs bark at nothing? A．Its boredom. B．Its acute hearing. C．Its madness. D．Its good sight. 3．What should the owner do with the dog’s barking according to AKC? A．Leaving it alone. B．Criticizing it seriously. C．Comforting it. D．Train it patiently. 4．Where is this passage probably taken from? A．A brochure. B．A novel C．A story. D．A report. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析狗无缘无故吠的原因以及给狗主人处理这种情况的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Because dogs protect their own area, one dog barking can turn into many others to guard themselves.(因为狗会保护它们自己的区域，一只狗的叫声会变成许多其他狗的叫声来保护它们自己)”可知，狗有自己的地盘意识。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dogs are, obviously, equipped with superior hearing including the ability to detect sounds that are higher in pitch (音高). It is said that a dog could be reacting to a noise that a person won’t be able to hear.(很明显，狗的听力很好，包括能识别音调较高的声音。据说狗可能会对人类听不到的噪音做出反应)”；第三段“Dogs are also able to see better in the dark than humans thanks to their ability to get more light into their retinas (视网膜). If a dog is reacting to what looks like an empty backyard at night, it’s possible that something has caught their attention, be it a wild animal, a leaf, or a stranger.(狗在黑暗中也能比人类看得更清楚，这要归功于它们能让更多的光线进入视网膜。如果一只狗在晚上对一个看起来空荡荡的后院做出反应，很可能是有什么东西引起了它们的注意，可能是一只野生动物，一片树叶，或者一个陌生人)”；倒数第三段“Some dogs might bark out of boredom in which case more exercise or play time is probably needed.(有些狗可能会因为无聊而吠叫，在这种情况下，可能需要更多的锻炼或玩耍时间)”可知，无聊、听力灵敏和视力好会导致狗犬吠，而发疯不会使狗无中生有地吠叫。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The AKC recommends that owners avoid speaking angrily to their dogs for barking. Instead, owners can try calming the dogs to let them know they’ re aware of their concern. If they tend to bark while looking out of a window, owners can also try to pull the curtains.(AKC建议主人不要因为狗叫而生气地对它们说话。相反，主人可以试着让狗安静下来，让它们知道他们意识到了它们的担忧。如果它们在看窗外的时候汪汪叫，主人也可以试着拉上窗帘)”可知，主人可以安慰狗来处理狗的吠叫。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“A dog can be a person’s best friend, or so the theory goes. But that relationship can be tested when a dog begins barking at an empty corner of a room, at a door, or anywhere where there doesn’t appear to be any activity at all taking place. Is it communication with invisible beings? Or does it simply want to drive its owner crazy?(狗可以成为人最好的朋友，至少理论上是这样的。但是，当狗在房间的一个空角落、门上或任何看起来没有任何活动发生的地方开始吠叫时，这种关系就可以得到检验。是与看不见的生物交流吗？或者它只是想把主人逼疯？)”以及文章主要分析狗无缘无故吠的原因以及给狗主人处理这种情况的建议，可知，文章选自一份科学报告。故选D。 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下四川甘孜藏族自治州·期末） Scott Cooper is a 66-ycar-old Australian with dementia (痴呆症). Every day, he struggles with forgetting where he puts his keys and sometimes can’t even recognize the faces of his dearest friends. But he refuses to let this tough condition stop him from exploring the world! He and his wife Jill take regular trips — twice a year. “Traveling helps me keep enjoying life,” Scott said. “Although it can be tiring sometimes, these new experiences make my mind and body active.” Scientists predict that by 2050, around 153 million people globally will suffer from dementia. However, a recent study interviewing over a hundred dementia patients in China, reveals that travel can significantly benefit these patients. The new sights, smells, tastes, and social interactions during travel offer crucial cognitive and sensory stimulation. According to Jun Wen, a tourism lecturer at Edith Cowan University and researcher, the expectation and planning in tourism stimulate brain function. Meanwhile, the exercise often aligns with dementia treatment plans. Warren Harding, a dementia care professor, adds that travel helps patients build confidence, trigger memories, and gain independence, serving as a valuable addition to non-drug treatments by offering emotional and social benefits. Around the world, countries are introducing creative programs to make travel more accessible for people with dementia. In Western Australia, over 20 venues host “memory café” events, where patients socialize over morning tea. Near Melbourne, Australia’s first dementia-friendly sensory path winds through a forest. These diverse efforts collectively represent a growing global trend. By focusing on the unique needs of dementia patients, these actions not only enhance the travel experience for this community but also set an example for more friendly and caring tourism worldwide. In years to come, aged care experts hope people like Scott and Jill Cooper can holiday with greater case, creating memories from travel, no matter how long they last. 1．Why is Scott Cooper’s story mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To promote his way of life. B．To show his passion for travel. C．To reveal a potential treatment for dementia. D．To reflect his tough condition with dementia. 2．What might benefit patients with dementia during travel according to the study? A．Chatting with locals. B．Recalling fond memories. C．Enjoying favourite foods. D．Admiring familiar scenery. 3．What do the underlined words in Paragraph 3 mean? A．conflicts with B．agrees with C．contrasts with D．deals with 4．What can we know about the dementia-friendly travel programs? A．They make it accessible to travel in Australia. B．They meet dementia patients’ medication needs. C．They improve travel experience and global tourism. D．They help dementia patients create long-term memories. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了旅行对痴呆症患者的益处，包括认知和感官刺激、增强信心等，同时提到全球各地正推出相关创意项目，以方便痴呆症患者旅行，体现了对这一群体的关怀。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Scott Cooper is a 66-ycar-old Australian with dementia (痴呆症). Every day, he struggles with forgetting where he puts his keys and sometimes can’t even recognize the faces of his dearest friends. But he refuses to let this tough condition stop him from exploring the world! He and his wife Jill take regular trips — twice a year. (Scott Cooper是一位66岁的澳大利亚痴呆症患者。每天，他都在努力回忆自己把钥匙放在哪里，有时甚至认不出最亲密朋友的面孔。但他拒绝让这种艰难的状况阻止他探索世界！他和妻子Jill定期旅行 —— 一年两次。)”以及第二段中“However, a recent study interviewing over a hundred dementia patients in China, reveals that travel can significantly benefit these patients. (然而，最近一项对中国100多名痴呆症患者的采访研究表明，旅行对这些患者有显著益处。)”可知，第一段提到Scott Cooper的故事是为了通过他的经历来引出旅行可能对痴呆症患者有益这一话题，即揭示了一种潜在的治疗痴呆症的方法（通过旅行）。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The new sights, smells, tastes, and social interactions during travel offer crucial cognitive and sensory stimulation. (旅行中的新景象、新气味、新味道和社交互动提供了至关重要的认知和感官刺激。)”可知，与当地人聊天属于社交互动，这可能会让痴呆症患者在旅行中受益。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的“According to Jun Wen, a tourism lecturer at Edith Cowan University and researcher, the expectation and planning in tourism stimulate brain function. (伊迪斯科文大学的旅游讲师兼研究员Jun Wen表示，旅游业中的期望和规划能刺激大脑功能。)”以划线词后面的“dementia treatment plans (痴呆症治疗方案)”可知，这种旅行中的锻炼（即期望和规划）与痴呆症治疗方案的目标是一致的，都是为了刺激大脑功能，帮助患者。由此推知，画线词aligns with与agrees with意思相近，表示“与……一致”。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“These diverse efforts collectively represent a growing global trend. By focusing on the unique needs of dementia patients, these actions not only enhance the travel experience for this community but also set an example for more friendly and caring tourism worldwide. (这些多样化的努力共同代表了一种日益增长的全球趋势。通过关注痴呆症患者的独特需求，这些行动不仅改善了这个群体的旅行体验，也为全球更友好、更关怀的旅游业树立了榜样。)”可知，痴呆症友好的旅行项目改善了旅行体验，并为全球旅游业树立了榜样，即改善了全球旅游业。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下四川泸州市·期末） Urban gardening is the practice of growing plants in cities, using spaces like balconies, rooftops, and community plots. It has become popular as a way to bring nature into urban areas and offers many benefits. Environmental Benefits Urban gardens help make the air quality better by reducing pollution. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, making the air cleaner. They also reduce the urban heat island effect by providing green spaces. Additionally, urban gardens promote biodiversity by creating habitats for beneficial insects, birds, and other wildlife. Health and Well-being Urban gardening can have a positive impact on mental health. Spending time outdoors and connecting with nature help reduce stress and anxiety. Physically, gardening encourages exercise through tasks like digging and planting, promoting overall health. Food Security and Sustainability Urban gardens provide access to fresh, organic produce, especially in areas where grocery stores are rare. By growing food locally, urban gardening reduces the need for long-distance transportation, lowering carbon emissions. It also promotes sustainable practices to reduce waste and enrich the soil. Community Engagement Urban gardens often serve as community hubs where neighbors can come together These shared spaces build a sense of belonging and unity. They also provide opportunities for people to learn about sustainable living and plant life cycles. Despite its benefits, urban gardening faces challenges such as limited space, soil pollution, and lack of resources. However, these can be addressed through creative solutions like vertical gardening, taking advantage of containers, and conducting soil tests. In conclusion, urban gardening is more than just a hobby. By changing small spaces into green areas, urban gardeners can make a positive impact on their environment and daily lives. 1．What can urban gardens do according to the text? A．Improve the air quality. B．Act as grocery stores. C．Remove the heat island effect. D．Treat rare mental illnesses. 2．What solution is suggested to the limited space problem? A．Protecting soil resources. B．Building small green areas. C．Making use of containers. D．Turning to creative gardeners. 3．Who might find the text most helpful? A．City people. B．Garden visitors. C．Environmental activists. D．Community cleaners. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市园艺及其环境、健康等多方面益处与挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据“Environmental Benefits”部分中的“Urban gardens help make the air quality better by reducing pollution. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, making the air cleaner. (城市花园通过减少污染来帮助改善空气质量。植物吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气，使空气更清洁)”可知，城市花园能改善空气质量，故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, these can be addressed through creative solutions like vertical gardening, taking advantage of containers, and conducting soil tests. (然而，这些问题可以通过诸如垂直园艺、利用容器以及进行土壤测试等创造性解决方案来解决)”可知，针对空间有限的问题，建议的解决办法是利用容器，故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Urban gardening is the practice of growing plants in cities, using spaces like balconies, rooftops, and community plots. It has become popular as a way to bring nature into urban areas and offers many benefits. (城市园艺是在城市中利用阳台、屋顶和社区地块等空间种植植物的做法。它已成为将自然引入城市地区的一种流行方式，并提供了许多好处)”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍城市园艺在城市中的实践及其好处，城市居民是主要相关群体，由此可推测，城市居民可能会发现这篇文章最有帮助。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下四川遂宁市·期末） Understanding your personality type can help you make better career choices. There are several well-known personality tests that can provide insights into your strengths and preferences. One of the most popular is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), which categorizes people into different personality types based on four pairs of traits: The Four Trait Pairs: Introversion (I) - Prefer quiet time vs. Extroversion (E) -Enjoy socializing ISTJ   ISTP ISFJ   ISFP INTJ   INTP INFJ   INFP Sensing (S) - Focus on facts vs. iNtuition (N) - See big pictures Thinking (T) - Decide with logic vs. Feeling (F) - Consider emotions ESTJ   ESTP ESFJ   ESFP ENFJ   ENFP ENTJ   ENTP Judging (J) - Like plans   vs. Perceiving (P) - Prefer flexibility Examples: INTJ (Introverted-iNtuitive-Thinking-Judging): Good at analyzing problems. May enjoy science or engineering jobs. INFJ (Introverted-iNtuitive-Feeling-Judging): Deeply understanding and caring toward others. Often do very well in counseling, human resources, or nonprofit jobs. ESTP (Extroverted-Sensing-Thinking-Perceiving): Action-focused and quick to adapt. Excel in fast-paced fields like starting a business, police work, or emergency response. ESFP (Extroverted-Sensing-Feeling-Perceiving): Outgoing and energetic. Often do well in sales or teaching. It’s important to note that while personality tests can provide useful guidance, they are not absolute. People can develop skills and adapt to different roles over time. However, understanding your personality type can help you identify careers that meet your natural strengths and interests. By recognizing your personality type, you can make more wise decisions about your career path and find roles that are meaningful and rewarding. 1．What is the primary function of the first paragraph? A．To list all MBTI types and their job matches. B．To prove personality tests are always right for jobs. C．To introduce how personality relates to career choices. D．To teach how to take the MBTI test. 2．What can we infer about the INTJs? A．They enjoy socializing with people. B．They prefer quick action over planning. C．They are caring and purpose-driven. D．They analyze data well, suiting science careers. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward personality tests like MBTI? A．Strongly positive. B．Cautiously supportive. C．Completely negative. D．Entirely critical. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The History of Personality Testing. B．Why MBTI Is Always Right. C．Personality Types to Guide Career Choices. D．The Problems with MBTI Tests. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了通过了解性格类型（如MBTI分类）辅助职业选择的原理与应用，包括MBTI的四大特质维度、典型性格类型示例及其适配职业方向，同时强调性格测试的参考价值与局限性。 1．推理判断题。文章第一段“Understanding your personality type can help you make better career choices. There are several well-known personality tests that can provide insights into your strengths and preferences. One of the most popular is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), which categorizes people into different personality types based on four pairs of traits(了解自己的性格类型有助于做出更合适的职业选择。有几种知名的性格测试可以帮助我们洞察自身的优势和偏好，其中最受欢迎的是Myers-Briggs性格分类法（MBTI）。这种分类法基于四组对立的特质，将人们划分为不同的性格类型)”可知，文章开篇指出了解性格类型有助于做出更好的职业选择，随后介绍了MBTI这一流行的性格测试，说明其基于四组特质对人进行分类。由此可见，第一段的核心是引出“性格与职业选择的关系”这一主题。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章“Examples:”部分中的“INFJ (Introverted-iNtuitive-Feeling-Judging): Deeply understanding and caring toward others. Often do very well in counseling, human resources, or nonprofit jobs.(INTJ（内向-直觉-思考-判断）：擅长分析问题，可能适合科学或工程类工作。)”可知，他们分析能力强，适合科学相关职业。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It’s important to note that while personality tests can provide useful guidance, they are not absolute. People can develop skills and adapt to different roles over time. However, understanding your personality type can help you identify careers that meet your natural strengths and interests. By recognizing your personality type, you can make more wise decisions about your career path and find roles that are meaningful and rewarding.(需要注意的是，虽然性格测试能提供有益的指导，但并非绝对。人们可以随着时间的推移培养技能，适应不同的角色。不过，了解自己的性格类型有助于找到与自身天赋和兴趣相匹配的职业。通过认识自己的性格类型，你能在职业道路上做出更明智的决定，找到有意义且能带来满足感的工作。)”可知，作者在文中既肯定了MBTI等性格测试的价值，如“提供有益指导”、“帮助找到匹配自身优势和兴趣的职业”；同时也指出其局限性，人们可以通过培养技能适应不同角色。这种既认可其作用，又提醒其并非绝对的态度，属于谨慎支持。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇即点明了解性格类型有助于做出更好的职业选择，随后介绍了MBTI性格测试的四组特质分类，并举例说明不同性格类型适合的职业，最后强调性格测试虽非绝对，但能帮助人们找到匹配自身优势的职业。全文围绕“性格类型对职业选择的指导作用”展开。选项C“Personality Types to Guide Career Choices.( 指导职业选择的性格类型)”符合文章核心内容。故选C。 主题01 人与社会——历史社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下四川甘孜藏族自治州·期末） Britain was once covered with rainforests, known as Celtic rainforests or Atlantic woodland. The temperate (温带的) rainforests only occur in places close to the sea with high rainfall, high humidity (湿度) and low variations in temperature and full of plants and animals. The Celtic rainforests used to spread out all across the wetter areas of the country’s west. But over the centuries the ancient woodlands were later cleared and changed into grasslands for sheep and cattle. By the start of the 20th century, Britain had become the least-wooded country in Europe, with only small parts remaining in western coastal rainforest areas. There’s a new rainforest coming back to Britain right now. A movement is underway across Britain to recover these forgotten ecosystems. And in Devon, the first step towards achieving that has just been completed. With the help of over 100 local volunteers, more than 2,500 native trees have been planted at Devon Wildlife Trust’s Bowden Pillars site, not far from the town of Totnes. It’s hoped that another 4,500 oak, rowan, alder, hazel, birch, willow and holly trees will be planted by the end of this winter and over the coming decades, and that they’ll grow to form a thriving (欣欣向荣的) temperate rainforest. The recovery programme, led by The Wildlife Trusts, is happening across other parts of the country, including Cornwall and Pembrokeshire and has been boosted by a significant £38 million of funding from an insurance company. Claire Inglis, a nature reserve officer at Devon Wildlife Trust, said, “The full grown temperate rainforest will take several decades to become established, but the advantages for nature will be much swifter. The mix of young trees planted among grasslands and hedges (树篱), along with our promise not to use chemicals, will be better for local butterflies and bees, along with local birds such as yellowhammers and barn owls. It will be fascinating to see how it develops.” 1．What was mainly responsible for Britain’s lost Celtic rainforest in the past? A．Low temperature. B．Animal farming. C．Plant variation. D．High humidity. 2．What can we say about the movement across Britain? A．It’s worrying. B．It’s promising. C．It’s unrealistic. D．It’s uncontrollable. 3．What does the underlined word “swifter” in the last paragraph mean? A．Further. B．More unlikely. C．Quicker. D．More costly. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．A Story of Destruction About Britain’s Lost Rainforests B．The Challenges of Reviving Celtic Rainforests in Britain C．A Nationwide Effort to Revive Lost Rainforests in Britain D．The Truth of the Disappearance of Britain’s Celtic Rainforests 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了英国曾经覆盖着被称为凯尔特雨林或大西洋林地的热带雨林，后来因放牧被砍伐，如今英国正开展一项全国性的运动来恢复这些被遗忘的生态系统，并介绍了该运动的进展、资金支持及带来的好处等。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But over the centuries the ancient woodlands were later cleared and changed into grasslands for sheep and cattle. (但几个世纪以来，这些古老的林地后来被清理并变成了放牧牛羊的草地)”可知，英国凯尔特雨林消失的主要原因是畜牧业的发展。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“A movement is underway across Britain to recover these forgotten ecosystems. (一场恢复这些被遗忘的生态系统的运动正在英国各地展开)”以及后文提到的植树计划和资金支持，可以看出这一运动充满希望。故选B项。 3．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“The full grown temperate rainforest will take several decades to become established, but the advantages for nature will be much swifter. (成熟的温带雨林需要几十年的时间才能形成，但是对自然的好处会更swifter)”，由but可知，前后形成转折，前面说需要的时间长，后面应表示好处来得快，所以“swifter”意为“更快的”。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Celtic rainforests used to spread out all across the wetter areas of the country’s west. But over the centuries the ancient woodlands were later cleared and changed into grasslands for sheep and cattle. (凯尔特雨林曾一度遍布英国西部较为湿润的地区。但在过去的几个世纪里，这些古老的林地逐渐被砍伐清理，转而变成了用于放牧牛羊的牧场)”以及结合全文内容可知，文章开篇提到英国凯尔特雨林的消失，随后重点介绍了当前全国范围内恢复雨林的努力，包括植树计划、资金支持以及预期的生态效益，因此，最佳标题应涵盖“恢复雨林”这一核心内容。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下四川绵阳市·期末） Sustainability is no longer a trend—it’s a necessity. As consumers get more eco-conscious, the beverage (饮料) industry is under pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. Among all drinks, tea is the one that leads the way in sustainability. This ancient drink has an eco-friendly consumption model, from sustainable packaging to minimal processing. Sustainable packaging is becoming a big focus in the tea industry. Companies are moving away from traditional plastic-linked tea bags to designing products that break down into harmless natural materials. Some brands are using plant-based wrappers and填补 tins to reduce waste. Loose leaf tea is one of the best ways to reduce packaging waste as it removes the need for individually wrapped tea bags. Water shortage in agriculture is a growing issue, so how to conserve water is key in tea farming. Tea plants are more water-efficient than coffee, which requires lots of irrigation (灌溉). Many tea farms gather rainwater to reduce dependence on fresh water. Some tea herbs like rooibos and chamomile grow in dry conditions and require minimal irrigation, so they are super eco-friendly. In short, choosing tea over other drinks helps with global water conservation. Moreover, tea is lightweight, so transporting it has a lower environmental impact than heavy bottled drinks. Apart from that, many tea varieties can be sun dried or minimally processed, reducing carbon emissions. Supporting sustainable brands encourages the industry to adopt greener practices. But for ordinary people, choosing tea over other drinks may seem to have a more lasting impact. Whether you enjoy green tea, black tea or refreshing iced blends, your choice makes a difference. Tea is more than just a drink—it’s a step toward a healthier planet. 1．What major change have tea companies made in packaging? A．Focusing on sustainable design. B．Turning to advanced materials. C．Increasing plastic-linked packaging. D．Using individually wrapped bags. 2．How does the tea industry contribute to water conservation? A．Tea herbs require more water for growing. B．Tea plants absorb rainwater less efficiently. C．Tea companies introduce eco-friendly equipment. D．Tea farms depend on recycled water for irrigation. 3．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To support sustainable tea brands. B．To encourage a tea-drinking lifestyle. C．To analyze the impact of choosing tea. D．To praise green practices in tea farming. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A scientific report. B．An environmental blog. C．A tea-making magazine. D．An agricultural guidebook. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍在消费者环保意识增强的背景下，茶产业在可持续发展方面的优势及对环保的积极作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sustainable packaging is becoming a big focus in the tea industry. Companies are moving away from traditional plastic - linked tea bags to designing products that break down into harmless natural materials. Some brands are using plant - based wrappers and tins to reduce waste. Loose leaf tea is one of the best ways to reduce packaging waste as it removes the need for individually wrapped tea bags.(可持续包装正成为茶叶行业的一大焦点。各公司正在摒弃传统的与塑料相关的茶包，转而设计可分解为无害天然材料的产品。一些品牌正在使用植物基包装材料和罐子来减少浪费。散装茶叶是减少包装浪费的最佳方式之一，因为它无需单独包装的茶包。)”可知，茶叶公司在包装方面主要的改变是注重可持续设计。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Many tea farms gather rainwater to reduce dependence on fresh water. Some tea herbs like rooibos and chamomile grow in dry conditions and require minimal irrigation, so they are super eco - friendly. In short, choosing tea over other drinks helps with global water conservation.(许多茶园收集雨水以减少对淡水的依赖。像路易波士茶和洋甘菊等一些草本茶在干燥条件下生长，只需极少灌溉，所以它们非常环保。简而言之，选择茶而不是其他饮料有助于全球水资源保护。)”可知，茶园依靠收集循环利用的雨水进行灌溉，从而有助于水资源保护。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But for ordinary people, choosing tea over other drinks may seem to have a more lasting impact. Whether you enjoy green tea, black tea or refreshing iced blends, your choice makes a difference. Tea is more than just a drink—it’s a step toward a healthier planet.(但对于普通人来说，选择茶而不是其他饮料可能会产生更持久的影响。无论你喜欢绿茶、红茶还是清爽的冰茶混合饮品，你的选择都意义重大。茶不仅仅是一种饮品——它是迈向更健康地球的一步。)”可知，作者写最后一段是为了鼓励人们养成饮茶的生活方式，从而为环保做贡献。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sustainability is no longer a trend—it’s a necessity. As consumers get more eco-conscious, the beverage (饮料) industry is under pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. Among all drinks, tea is the one that leads the way in sustainability. This ancient drink has an eco-friendly consumption model, from sustainable packaging to minimal processing.(可持续发展已不再是一种潮流，而是一种必然需求。随着消费者环保意识的日益增强，饮料行业面临着减少碳足迹的压力。在所有饮品中，茶在可持续发展方面走在前列。这种古老的饮品拥有一种环保的消费模式，从可持续包装到极少加工环节都有所体现)”可知，文章围绕茶产业在可持续发展方面的表现，如可持续包装、节水、低运输影响等展开，强调其对环保的积极作用，所以最有可能出自一个环保博客。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下四川成都市成华区·期末） A selfie taken by a wild monkey is at the center of a heated copyright dispute (争端) between a photographer and the website Wikimedia Commons. The central question is: Can a photographer who owns the camera claim ownership of photos actually taken by an animal? British wildlife photographer David Slater, whose camera was used by an Indonesian monkey to take its selfie, has said he owns the copyright. However, Andrew Bridges, an expert in copyright law, said Slater likely isn’t the copyright owner because he didn’t have sufficient artistic control over the photo. Copyright requires original creative expression of a work. This is true not only in the U. S., but also in Great Britain and Indonesia. Since Slater didn’t have creative control over the monkey and didn’t actually frame the images, he legally (合法) might not be considered to have been involved in the creative process. The image in question is one of the most popular images on Wikimedia Commons. Slater was on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi taking photographs. A curious monkey approached Slater’s cameras and began using them to take a variety of pictures, including one of itself. “They were quite mischievous, jumping all over my equipment and it looked like they were already posing for the camera when one hit the button,” Slater said. It’s such a funny picture that it became a big hit on the Internet and eventually found its way to Wikimedia Commons, where people were free to download it. However, Slater said Wiki-media was hurting him financially (经济上), and he demanded the website remove the image because he was the copyright owner. Wikimedia has refused because, it claims, Slater didn’t take the image and, therefore, he isn’t the copyright owner. The monkey can’t hold copyright, so the image should belong to the public. Some wildlife protectors say they can claim the copyright on behalf of the animals. 1．What does Andrew Bridges think about Slater’s claim to the copyright of the photo? A．Slater is the rightful owner. B．Slater likely isn’t the copyright owner. C．Slater should share the copyright with the monkey. D．Slater can claim the copyright if he edits the photo later. 2．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to take good photographs of wild animals. B．The importance of protecting wildlife in Indonesia. C．A copyright dispute over a selfie taken by a monkey. D．The impact of social media on photographers’ income. 3．What does the underlined word “mischievous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Naughty. B．Friendly. C．Frightened. D．Tired. 4．What is the author’s primary intention in discussing the copyright dispute over the monkey’s selfie? A．To argue for stricter copyright laws. B．To encourage the use of free images on the internet. C．To highlight the importance of wildlife conservation. D．To question the definition of artistic control in copyright law. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章围绕一张由野生猴子拍摄的自拍照展开，探讨了摄影师David Slater与Wikimedia Commons网站之间关于该照片版权归属的争议，作者旨在通过此案例对版权法中关于艺术控制权的定义提出质疑。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“However, Andrew Bridges, an expert in copyright law, said Slater likely isn’t the copyright owner because he didn’t have sufficient artistic control over the photo.(然而，版权法专家Andrew Bridges表示，Slater可能不是版权所有者，因为他对这张照片没有足够的艺术控制权。)”可知，Andrew Bridges认为Slater很可能不是版权所有者，故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。文章第一段“A selfie taken by a wild monkey is at the center of a heated copyright dispute (争端) between a photographer and the website Wikimedia Commons. The central question is: Can a photographer who owns the camera claim ownership of photos actually taken by an animal?(一只野生猴子拍摄的一张自拍照成为了摄影师与网站“维基共享资源”之间一场激烈版权纠纷的焦点。核心问题在于：拥有相机的摄影师能否宣称对由动物拍摄的照片拥有所有权？)”通过“猴子自拍版权争端”案例引出核心法律问题——动物拍摄的照片版权归属，第二、三段集中讲的是摄影师和法律专家对所有权归属问题的立场，第四段叙述事情背景，第五、六段主要讲的是争议进一步升级，野生动物保护者主张代表动物要求版权，纵观全文，文章都是在围绕着一起关于一只猴子拍摄的自拍照的版权纠纷问题展开，所以文章的主旨大意为一起关于一只猴子拍摄的自拍照的版权纠纷，故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词之后“jumping all over my equipment and it looked like they were already posing for the camera when one hit the button,”(在我的设备上跳来跳去，当其中一只按下按钮时，它们看起来已经在为相机摆姿势了。”)”可知在设备上蹦跳、摆姿势按快门，所有这些都体现了体现猴子“顽皮”的特性，所以划线词与A项Naughty(顽皮的)意思相近，故选A项。 4．推理判断题。文章主要围绕“猴子自拍版权归属”问题展开，争议双方是摄影师（主张版权）和Wikimedia Commons(认为照片属于公共领域)，第二、三通过专家观点（Andrew Bridges）和法律原则（如“艺术控制”）客观呈现争议，而作者并未直接支持任何一方，第二段“However, Andrew Bridges, an expert in copyright law, said Slater likely isn’t the copyright owner because he didn’t have sufficient artistic control over the photo.(然而，版权法专家Andrew Bridges表示，Slater可能不是版权所有者，因为他对这张照片没有足够的艺术控制权。)”以及第三段“Since Slater didn’t have creative control over the monkey and didn’t actually frame the images, he legally (合法) might not be considered to have been involved in the creative process.(由于Slater对这只猴子的表演没有创意控制权，而且他也没有实际拍摄这些画面，所以从法律角度来看，他或许不应被视为参与了创作过程。)”反复强调“艺术控制”（artistic control）和“创作过程”（creative process）的法律争议，说明作者意图引发对版权法定义的思考，最后一段提到“动物能否拥有版权”的模糊性，进一步凸显法律定义的灰色地带，由此可知作者想通过此案例探讨版权法中对“人类创作”和“艺术控制”的界定问题，而非单纯支持某一方或倡导政策，所以作者讨论猴子自拍的版权之争的主要目的是对版权法中关于艺术控制权的定义提出质疑，故选D项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下四川泸州市·期末） According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them dangerous. It is reported that kangaroos are involved in more than 80 percent of the 20,000 vehicle-animal accidents each year. In the country’s under-populated region, the common belief is that kangaroo numbers have rocketed to “pandemic (大规模流行的) percentage”. It is believed that killing kangaroos is critical to boosting the economy. Meat, skins and leather from kangaroos have been sold to 56 countries. Global brands such as Nike, Puma and Adidas buy strong, soft “k-leather” to make athletic products. And kangaroo meat is finding its way into more and more grocery stores. Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat is more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-releasing sheep and cattle. John Kelly, former executive director of the Kangaroo Industry Association of Australia, says, “Harvesting our food from animals adapted to Australia’s environment is extremely wise and sustainable. Many ecologists will tell you that there is no more humane way of producing red meat.” Opponents of the industry call the killing inhumane, unsustainable and unnecessary. Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking in this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.” Can Australians’ disagreement on kangaroos be solved? George Wilson, a professor from Australian National University, says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers (放牧人) would protect the animals, treating them as possessions (财产). They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunters a fee for access. “If you want to protect something,” Wilson says, “you have to give it a value. Animals that are considered dangerous don’t have value.” If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation. 1．What do we know from the article? A．Kangaroos are to blame for most accidents. B．Global brands make small profits on kangaroos. C．Kangaroos are relatively friendly to the environment. D．Over-populated kangaroos are doing great harm to the country’s economy. 2．Why does Dwayne Bannon disagree to kill kangaroos? A．Because it is laughable. B．Because it is destroying the country. C．Because they have existed on Earth longer than man. D．Because they live in harmony with people. 3．Which of the following might be the benefit of privatization (私有化)? A．The popularity of kangaroo hunting. B．The reduction in the number of kangaroos. C．The establishment of more conservation areas. D．The better management of the kangaroo industry. 4．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To argue against the killing of kangaroos. B．To provide a solution to the problem caused by kangaroos. C．To present different opinions on the kangaroo industry. D．To stress the importance of protecting kangaroos. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要就袋鼠在澳大利亚的影响展开讨论，介绍了其经济与生态效益，以及对于袋鼠管理的不同观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat is more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-releasing sheep and cattle. (支持者指出，低脂、高蛋白袋鼠肉比释放温室气体的绵羊和牛更环保)”可知，袋鼠是比绵羊和牛更环保的动物，即相对而言袋鼠对环境更友好。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking in this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.” (新南威尔士州尤因人Dwayne Bannon Harrison表示，袋鼠正在摧毁这个国家的想法是可笑的。他说：“它们在这片土地上行走的时间比人们长得多。”。“在这里存在了数千年的物种怎么会“摧毁”这个国家？我不明白其中的逻辑。”)”可知，Dwayne Bannon认为在这片土地上，袋鼠比人类存在的时间更长，即袋鼠本来就生活在这里，所以Dwayne Bannon不同意杀死袋鼠。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation. (如果袋鼠比牛或羊更有价值，土地所有者将与袋鼠产业合作进行品牌、营销和质量控制。政府的作用将是监督和监管)”可知，私有化之后，土地所有者可以与袋鼠产业在各方面进行合作，同时得到政府的监督和监管，即私有化会使得袋鼠产业得到更好的管理。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them dangerous. (根据政府官方数据，袋鼠的数量是澳大利亚人的两倍多，许多澳大利亚人认为它们很危险)”。第二段“It is believed that killing kangaroos is critical to boosting the economy.(人们认为，杀死袋鼠对促进经济发展至关重要)”以及最后一段“George Wilson, a professor from Australian National University, says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers (放牧人) would protect the animals, treating them as possessions (财产). They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunters a fee for access.(澳大利亚国立大学教授乔治·威尔逊说，如果袋鼠是私人所有的，那么牧场主就会保护这些动物，把它们当作财产)”可知，文章开头提出问题，袋鼠使得人们面临危机，后文提出不同的解决方法，所以文章的写作目的是为袋鼠造成的问题提供解决方案。故选B。 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下四川成都市·期末） Relying on China’s self-developed human occupied vehicle (HOV) Fendouzhe, Chinese scientists have completed an exploration of the hadal zone — the deepest part of the ocean floor, which remains one of the least explored extreme environments on Earth. As China’s first 10,000-meter-class HOV, Fendouzhe is the world’s only HOV capable of carrying out systematic sampling (采样) and research in the hadal zones. The exploration took place at the end of 2021, lasting 3 months. Taking Fendouzhe, the scientists explored three 6,000-to-11,000-meter-deep regions. Altogether 21 scientists were on the voyage, and 17 went down to conducting sampling and research. The exploration marked several global firsts in human history. They included reaching the deepest point of the Yap Trench, which is located in the western Pacific Ocean and is nearly 9,000 meters deep. This is the place closely related to human living environment and climate change. The other global first s were a systematic study of the hadal zone ecosystems, and the establishment of a database of hadal microorganisms (微生物). All these indicated China’s entry into the forefront of deep-sea life sciences research, said the scientists. Based on the analyses (分析) of 1,648 samples, the research team made groundbreaking discoveries. They included the discovery of methods employed by the hadal zone microorganisms to keep themselves lively in the extreme high-pressure, low-temperature, and low-nutrient environment. “They may provide new insights for human beings to fight aging and some diseases,” said Zhao Weishu, a researcher on the team. “Also, we found that living things there eat some carbon matters, which are generally difficult to be used. If such a practice is applied in the shallow sea area, it may help solve problems, such as oil spills and plastic pollution,” she said. The research team has shared the database globally, and urged international scientific cooperation to address hadal zone exploration challenges. In addition to the HOV, other domestically developed equipment provided significant technical support for this scientific research program as well, said the researchers. 1．Why is Fendouz he unique among HOVs? A．It is a globally co-developed product. B．It has completed the longest exploration. C．It can reach the depth of over 10,000 meters. D．It can do systematic sampling in the hadal zone. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The process of the exploration. B．The goals of the exploration. C．The achievements of the exploration. D．The findings of the exploration. 3．What can be inferred about hadal zone microorganisms? A．They can survive for long. B．They can release carbon matters. C．They can inspire medical progress. D．They can adapt to low-pressure waters. 4．What is the purpose of this text? A．To introduce China’s hadal zone exploration. B．To call for further co-research on the hadal zone. C．To explain the working principles of Fengdouzhe. D．To present the discoveries of the hadal zone research. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家依靠“奋斗者”号载人潜水器完成对海沟的探索及取得的成果。 【详解】41．细节理解题。根据第一段中“As China’s first 10,000-meter-class HOV, Fendouzhe is the world’s only HOV capable of carrying out systematic sampling (采样) and research in the hadal zones.(作为中国首个万米级载人潜水器，“奋斗者” 号是世界上唯一能在海沟区域进行系统采样和研究的载人潜水器)”可知，“奋斗者”号在载人潜水器中独一无二是因为它能在海沟区域进行系统采样。故选D。 1．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The exploration marked several global firsts in human history. They included reaching the deepest point of the Yap Trench... The other global firsts were a systematic study of the hadal zone ecosystems, and the establishment of a database of hadal microorganisms (微生物).(这次探索创造了人类历史上的多项全球第一。其中包括抵达位于西太平洋、深度近9000米的雅浦海沟最深处……其他全球第一包括对海沟生态系统的系统研究，以及海沟微生物数据库的建立)”可知，第三段主要讲述了这次探索取得的成就。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“They included the discovery of methods employed by the hadal zone microorganisms to keep themselves lively in the extreme high-pressure, low-temperature, and low-nutrient environment. “They may provide new insights for human beings to fight aging and some diseases,” said Zhao Weishu, a researcher on the team.(其中包括发现了海沟微生物在极端高压、低温和低营养环境中保持活力的方法。该团队研究员赵伟淑说：“它们可能为人类对抗衰老和某些疾病提供新的思路。”)”可知，海沟微生物可能会为医学进步带来启发。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。文章围绕中国科学家依靠“奋斗者”号载人潜水器对海沟的探索展开，介绍了“奋斗者”号的特点、探索过程、取得的成就及发现等。A 项“To introduce China’s hadal zone exploration.(介绍中国的海沟探索)”概括了文章主要内容，是作者的写作目的。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下四川雅安市·期末） Recent research has found that Martian soil contains all the essential nutrients necessary for growing rice, planetary scientist Abhilash Ramachandran reported at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, providing new possibilities for agriculture on the Red Planet. The study, conducted by a team of researchers from the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, tested simulated (模拟的) Martian soil to determine its suitability for growing rice. The researchers found that the soil contained all the essential nutrients needed for the crop to grow, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. They also found that the pH level of the soil was within the preferable range for growing rice and that the soil was able to support the growth of healthy rice plants. However, it would be a bit challenging for the plants to survive in the soil that has perchlorate, a chemical that has been detected on Mars’ surface which can be toxic to plants. The team of researchers conducted an experiment to grow rice in soil containing perchlorate. They employed a wild rice variety and two genetically modified varieties, which were designed to tolerate environmental stressors such as drought, and tested them in Mars-simulated soil with and without perchlorate. The study revealed that a concentration of 3 grams of perchlorate per kilogram of soil resulted in no growth of rice plants. However, when the concentration was reduced to 1 gram per kilogram, one of the genetically modified lines successfully grew both a shoot and a root, while the wild variety was only able to grow a root. The discovery could be a game-changer for future missions to Mars, as it could enable astronauts to grow their own food on the planet, reducing the need for costly and complex resupply missions. In addition, studying the growth of plants on Mars could provide valuable insights into the potential for life on other planets and help scientists to better understand the conditions necessary for life to exist. 1．What is the main finding of the recent research on Martian soil? A．It is the same as the soil on earth. B．It is suitable for different kinds of crops. C．It contains all nutrients required for rice growth. D．It has a pH level supporting the growth of plants. 2．Which word can best replace the underlined word “toxic”? A．Harmful. B．Suitable. C．Important. D．Accessible. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．Insights provided by scientists. B．Needs for future space missions. C．Potential for life on other planets. D．Benefits brought by the discovery. 4．Which of the following can be the best title? A．Time to Land on Mars! B．Martial Soil Could Grow Rice! C．Planting Rice: a Great Mission! D．Essential Nutrients Found on Mars! 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现火星土壤含水稻生长所需营养，及种植面临的挑战和该发现的意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Recent research has found that Martian soil contains all the essential nutrients necessary for growing rice (最近的研究发现，火星土壤含有种植水稻所需的所有必需营养素)”以及第二段“The researchers found that the soil contained all the essential nutrients needed for the crop to grow, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. (研究人员发现，土壤中含有作物生长所需的所有必需营养物质，包括氮、磷和钾。)”可知，最近对火星土壤的研究主要发现是它含有水稻生长所需的所有营养物质。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“However, it would be a bit challenging for the plants to survive in the soil that has perchlorate, a chemical that has been detected on Mars’ surface which can be toxic to plants. (然而，对于植物来说，在高氯酸盐的土壤中生存会有点困难，高氯酸盐是一种在火星表面被检测到的化学物质，对植物toxic。)”可知，高氯酸盐这种化学物质对植物有毒，即有害，所以“toxic”意思是“有害的”。A. Harmful有害的；B. Suitable合适的；C. Important重要的；D. Accessible可接近的。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The discovery could be a game-changer for future missions to Mars, as it could enable astronauts to grow their own food on the planet, reducing the need for costly and complex resupply missions. In addition, studying the growth of plants on Mars could provide valuable insights into the potential for life on other planets and help scientists to better understand the conditions necessary for life to exist. (这一发现可能会改变未来火星任务的游戏规则，因为它可以让宇航员在火星上种植自己的食物，减少昂贵而复杂的补给任务的需求。此外，研究火星上的植物生长可以为其他行星上存在生命的可能性提供有价值的见解，并帮助科学家更好地了解生命存在所需的条件。)”可知，最后一段主要告诉我们这一发现带来的好处。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了最近的一项研究发现，火星土壤含有种植水稻所需的所有必需营养素，这一发现对未来火星任务有重要意义，所以B选项“Martial Soil Could Grow Rice! (火星土壤可以种植水稻！)”作为标题最合适。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下四川德阳市·期末） Recently, Robot Era, a Chinese robotics company, introduced STAR1, the world’s fastest two-legged robot. It can reach and maintain speeds of up to 8 mph (13km/h) — matching the pace of a jogging human. Videos showing this sneaker-wearing machine racing across China’s Gobi Desert quickly spread online, with many social media users humorously asking, “Do robots need shoes now?” However, few realized they were seeing a groundbreaking invention — the fastest humanoid robot ever built. Developed by Robot Era, STAR1 uses powerful motors and AI programs to handle all sorts of surfaces and environments, including sand and grassland. Its secret speed boost comes from an unexpected feature — ordinary running shoes. While equipped with advanced sensors that scan its surroundings instantly, the robot’s simple footwear helps it run faster than even advanced “barefoot” competitors. Standing 5.6 feet tall and weighing 143 pounds, STAR1 can run at 3.6 meters per second. Scientists discovered that the robot achieved this impressive speed through the pair of running shoes, which made a big difference. In a test, the sneaker-wearing robot was considerably faster than its “barefoot” competitor, even though it got off to a slower start. The sneaker-wearing robot dealt with the difficult terrain (地形) of the Gobi Desert better and finished in front. STAR1 now outruns other famous robots like Tesla’s Optimus and Boston Dynamics’ Atlas. Robot Era made great progress by improving movement techniques rather than creating new technology. The running shoes work like athletic footwear, helping push off the ground more effectively while keeping balance. The company believes such robots could eventually help with dangerous tasks in extreme environments, such as disaster rescue or space exploration. By combining smart engineering with simple solutions like ordinary footwear, Chinese scientists have taken an important step toward more practical humanoid robots. 1．Which is the feature of STAR1? A．It uses advanced barefoot technology. B．It’s taller than Tesla’s Optimus robot. C．It’s designed for desert exploration. D．It wears sneakers for faster speed. 2．How did STA R1 perform in the Gobi Desert test? A．It failed because of its slow start. B．It beat shoeless robots with ease. C．It struggled with the rough terrain. D．It took the lead when the test began. 3．What did Robot Era do after STAR1? A．It created new technology to test its work. B．It bettered movement methods for the robots. C．It focused on robot research for social security. D．It attempted to increase its weight significantly. 4．Which could be the most suitable title of the passage? A．The Fastest Humanoid Robot: STAR1 Makes History B．Why Robots Don’t Need Shoes to Run Much Faster C．The Promising Future of Humanoid Robots in China D．How AI and Sneakers Improve Robot Speed Greatly 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国机器人公司Robot Era推出的世界最快双足机器人STAR1，它穿运动鞋能提升速度，超越其他知名机器人，未来有望用于危险任务。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Its secret speed boost comes from an unexpected feature — ordinary running shoes. While equipped with advanced sensors that scan its surroundings instantly, the robot’s simple footwear helps it run faster than even advanced ‘barefoot’ competitors.(它提高速度的秘诀来自一个意想不到的特点——普通跑鞋。虽然配备了能立即扫描周围环境的先进传感器，但这款机器人简单的鞋子甚至能让它比先进的‘赤脚’竞争对手跑得更快)”可知，STAR1的特点是穿运动鞋来提升速度。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In a test, the sneaker wearing robot was considerably faster than its ‘barefoot’ competitor, even though it got off to a slower start. The sneaker wearing robot dealt with the difficult terrain (地形) of the Gobi Desert better and finished in front.(在一次测试中，穿运动鞋的机器人虽然起步较慢，但比它的‘赤脚’竞争对手快得多。穿运动鞋的机器人能更好地应对戈壁沙漠的复杂地形，并率先到达终点)”可知，STAR1在戈壁沙漠测试中轻松击败了不穿鞋子的机器人。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Robot Era made great progress by improving movement techniques rather than creating new technology. The running shoes work like athletic footwear, helping push off the ground more effectively while keeping balance.(Robot Era公司通过改进运动技术而非创造新技术取得了巨大进步。跑鞋的工作原理类似于运动鞋，有助于更有效地蹬离地面，同时保持平衡)”可知，Robot Era公司改进了机器人的运动方法。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Recently, Robot Era, a Chinese robotics company, introduced STAR1, the world’s fastest two legged robot.(最近，中国机器人公司Robot Era推出了世界上最快的双足机器人STAR1)”和最后一段中“By combining smart engineering with simple solutions like ordinary footwear, Chinese scientists have taken an important step toward more practical humanoid robots.(通过将智能工程与普通鞋类等简单解决方案相结合，中国科学家向更实用的类人机器人迈出了重要一步)”可知，文章主要介绍STAR1作为全球最快人形机器人的突破性成就，重点强调其速度优势和历史意义。故A项“最快的人形机器人：STAR1创造历史”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下四川德泸州市·期末） Laughter, a universal human expression, takes many forms. But not all laughter is created equal. New research led by social psychologist Roza Kamiloglu at VU Amsterdam shows that laughter induced by tickling (挠痒痒) stands apart from other forms of laughter. Her team began by collecting 887 unconscious laughter videos from YouTube. They then classified these videos according to what caused the laughter, including tickle attacks, a type of incident called taking pleasure in other people’s misfortune, and verbal jokes. About 70% of these videos were used to train a machine-learning algorithm (运算法则) to link laughter forms with their causes. Surprisingly, based on acoustic features like loudness and rhythm, the algorithm could correctly identify laughter produced by tickling 62.5% of the time. When human observers were developed, they correctly identified tickling laughter 61.2%of the time. This research, published in Biology Letters, has far-reaching impacts. Many mammals, such as dogs, squirrel monkeys, and chimpanzees, produce cheerful voice during play that sounds like laughter. One of the first things that newborns do early in life is laugh, and even deaf babies laugh unconsciously. Some primates (灵长目动物) engage in the activity, too. This indicates that tickling-related laughter likely developed over 10 million years ago to help primates build friendly relations. Dr Kamiloglu now plans to study how infectious different sorts of laughs are. She thinks that if the tickling laugh developed to bring primates together, it should be highly infectious, but this has not been tested yet. As for other forms of laughter unique to humans, they probably developed much later when the human brain became more complex. With this in mind, there are two main types of laughter: one from tickling and the other from other amusing things. This research not only helps us understand the nature of laughter but also shows its evolutionary roots. But he who laughs last, it would seem, laughs longest. 1．What does the underlined word “induced” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Caused. B．Stopped. C．Replaced. D．Recorded. 2．What did Dr Kamiloglu’s team do next after collecting videos? A．They picked out the videos with jokes. B．They asked observers to enjoy the videos. C．They sorted the videos by the causes of laughter. D．They used machines to analyze the features of jokes. 3．What can be inferred from the published research? A．Laughter is unique to human beings. B．Laughter connects with social interaction. C．Primates are fond of joining in playful activities. D．The human brain varies with the change of laughter 4．What will Dr Kamiloglu explore about laughs in her further research? A．Their complexity. B．Their cultural roots. C．Their infectiousness. D．Their specific types. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了笑是一种普遍的人类表达方式，有多种形式。但并非所有的笑声都是平等的。由阿姆斯特丹自由大学的社会心理学家Roza Kamiloglu领导的一项新研究表明，由挠痒痒引起的笑声与其他形式的笑声不同。 1．词句猜测题。根据上下文以及划线单词句中“New research led by social psychologist Roza Kamiloglu at VU Amsterdam shows that laughter …by tickling (挠痒痒) stands apart from other forms of laughter. ( 由阿姆斯特丹自由大学的社会心理学家Roza Kamiloglu领导的一项新研究表明，由挠痒痒……的笑声与其他形式的笑声不同。)”后面接着说按照引发笑声的原因对视频进行分类，包括挠痒痒引发的笑声等。由此可以推断出“induced”意思是“引发，引起”，与A选项“caused”意思相近。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Her team began by collecting 887 unconscious laughter videos from YouTube. They then classified these videos according to what caused the laughter (她的团队从YouTube上收集了887个无意识的笑声视频。然后，他们根据引起笑声的原因对这些视频进行分类)”可知，他们在收集视频后，根据笑声的原因对视频进行了分类。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“This indicates that tickling - related laughter likely developed over 10 million years ago to help primates build friendly relations. (这表明，与挠痒有关的笑声可能在1000多万年前发展起来，以帮助灵长类动物建立友好关系。)”这表明与挠痒痒相关的笑声有助于灵长类动物建立友好关系，说明笑声与社交互动有关。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Dr Kamiloglu now plans to study how infectious different sorts of laughs are. (Kamiloglu博士现在计划研究不同种类的笑是如何传染的。)”可推知，Kamiloglu博士计划研究不同种类笑声的传染性。故选C项。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高一下四川东坡区·期末） In 2021, scientists studying animal communication discovered that some dogs connect objects with words similarly to babies. Then what about cats, which are commonly believed to be unconcerned about human affairs? Saho Takagi, a researcher at Azabu University, doubted cats’ seeming unconcern. “Cats don’t appear to listen to people’s conversations, but in fact, they do,” said Takagi. According to previous research, cats understand human communication better than expected. Like dogs, they can use human pointing and stares to find food. They even can tell the difference between human facial expressions and states of attention, according to a 2016 study. However, cats can do more than that. Another study showed that cats can discriminate their own names from the names of their cat companions (those that live in the same house). The researchers believed that cats learned to connect names with other cats by observing communication between their owners and their cat friends. In a recently published study, Takagi and her colleagues compared two groups of cats: cats living with at least two other cats and cats living in “cat cafés” with up to 30 cats. Using a simple two-phase (阶段) test, they assessed the cats’ responses to hearing their names and seeing their faces on a monitor. Sometimes, the cat that appeared on the screen matched the name spoken; other times, the name and the image did not match. If cats knew the names of their cat friends, they would investigate by staring doubtfully at the monitor when the name and image did not match. House cats had a significantly longer stare than café cats, indicating that house cats generally expected a specific cat’s face upon hearing the cat’s name. “This is the first evidence showing that house cats link human words and their social companions through daily experiences,” the researchers wrote. “However, we could not recognize the mechanism (机制) for learning. But with more and more scientists becoming interested in cats, who are much smarter than we assume, this question is sure to be solved.” 1．What’s people’s common understanding of cats? A．They have their own language. B．They can connect objects with words. C．They show no interest in human things. D．They can use human instructions to find food. 2．By comparing cats and dogs in Paragraph 2, the author wants to stress ______. A．cats and dogs are all clever animals B．cats’ ability to learn is stronger than dogs’ C．cats and dogs can get along well with humans D．cats’ ability goes beyond recognizing body language 3．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “discriminate” in Paragraph 3? A．Choose. B．Protect. C．Tell. D．Learn. 4．What is the unsettled question of the study? A．How cats can recognize other cats’ face. B．Whether cats are much smarter than expected. C．Whether cats can understand human communication. D．How cats link human words and their social companions. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明猫不仅可以分辨出人类面部表情和注意力状态之间的区别，还可以区分自己的名字和猫同伴的名字。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Then what about cats, which are commonly believed to be unconcerned about human affairs? (那么通常被认为不关心人类事务的猫呢？)”可知，人们对猫的普遍想法是它们对人类的事情不感兴趣。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“According to previous research, cats understand human communication better than expected. Like dogs, they can use human pointing and stares to find food. They even can tell the difference between human facial expressions and states of attention, according to a 2016 study. However, cats can do more than that. (根据之前的研究，猫比预期的更能理解人类的交流。像狗一样，它们可以使用人类的指向和凝视寻找食物。根据2016年的一项研究，它们甚至可以分辨出人类面部表情和注意力状态之间的区别。然而，猫能做的远不止这些。)”可推知，通过两者之间的比较，作者是想强调猫的能力不仅仅是识别肢体语言。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下文“The researchers believed that cats learned to connect names with other cats by observing communication between their owners and their cat friends. (研究人员认为，猫通过观察它们的主人和它们的猫朋友之间的交流，学会了把名字和其他猫联系起来。)”可知，猫能够把名字和其他猫联系起来，由此可知，画线词所在句表示“猫可以区分自己的名字和同伴的名字”，画线词discriminate意思应该是“区别”，与tell意思相近。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中研究人员表述的内容“This is the first evidence showing that house cats link human words and their social companions through daily experiences (这是第一个证明家猫通过日常经历将人类语言和它们的社会伙伴联系起来的证据)”和“However, we could not recognize the mechanism (机制) for learning. (然而，我们无法认识到这一学习的机制)”可知，这项研究中尚未解决的问题是猫是如何将人类的话和它们的社会伙伴联系起来的。故选D项。 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下四川宜宾市·期末） In the information era, the Internet is flooded with all kinds of information . Fake news, or lies, spread even faster and the truth is having trouble finding its way. As Jonathan Swift wrote in his book The Art of Political Lying. “Lies run fast, and the truth walks slowly.” What’s even worse, most young people obtain news from social media platforms where facts are mixed with rumors, partial truths, and complete lies. As a result, young people have become confused. In the most recent PISA assessment, which surveyed 15-year-olds globally on academic topics, it was reported that less than one-tenth of the participants were capable of distinguishing facts from opinions. A study conducted by Stanford University indicated that students across all educational levels were unable to tell real and take news apart. For example, 80 percent of the participants in one case believed that a paid advertisement was an actual news report. Where does fake news come from? Fake news is spread by people who have a prejudice (偏见). They want to influence public opinion either for or against something or someone. It is important, then, for young people to recognize when they are being used and to be doubtful about online information.Traditional media, such as newspapers and television, are still the more trustworthy sources of information. Reporters are professionally trained to look for facts, and editors have the job of making sure those facts are correct. However, if you are getting most of your information online, you have to be your own editor. In that case, the first thing to do is to look at the writer of a post. Is this person known to be objective? Does the site where you read the post have a prejudice? Next, look for other sources from mainstream media to make sure the information 1．Why is Jonathan Swift mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To recommend a famous book. B．To present the challenge truth faces. C．To praise his great literature achievements. D．To show the differences between truth and lies. 2．What did the study conducted by Stanford University find about students? A．They couldn’t trust any news. B．They were fond of social media. C．They were part of rumors online. D．They couldn’t identify fake news. 3．According to the text, what does the author think of traditional media? A．They are old-fashioned. B．They provide the latest news. C．They employ expertly-trained staff. D．They post news with personal prejudice. 4．What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph? A．Check before trust. B．Seeing is believing. C．Better safe than sorry. D．Prepare for a rainy day. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述信息时代假新闻传播快，年轻人难辨真伪，作者认为应质疑网络信息，信任传统媒体，获取网络信息时要核查。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Fake news, or lies, spread even faster and the truth is having trouble finding its way. As Jonathan Swift wrote in his book The Art of Political Lying, ‘Lies run fast, and the truth walks slowly.’(在信息时代，网络上充斥着各种信息。假新闻或谎言传播得更快，而真相却难以传播。正如乔纳森・斯威夫特在他的《政治谎言的艺术》一书中所写：‘谎言跑得快，真相走得慢。’)”可知，作者第一段引用斯威夫特的话是为了说明真相面临传播缓慢的挑战。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A study conducted by Stanford University indicated that students across all educational levels were unable to tell real and fake news apart. For example, 80 percent of the participants in one case believed that a paid advertisement was an actual news report.(斯坦福大学的一项研究表明，各个教育阶段的学生都无法区分真实新闻和假新闻。例如，在一个案例中，80%的参与者认为付费广告是真实的新闻报道。)”可知，学生无法识别假新闻。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Traditional media, such as newspapers and television, are still the more trustworthy sources of information. Reporters are professionally trained to look for facts, and editors have the job of making sure those facts are correct.(报纸和电视等传统媒体仍然是更值得信赖的信息来源。记者接受过专业训练，负责寻找事实，编辑则负责确保这些事实的正确性。)”可知，传统媒体雇佣受过专业训练的员工。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。最后一段提到“However, if you are getting most of your information online, you have to be your own editor. In that case, the first thing to do is to look at the writer of a post. Is this person known to be objective? Does the site where you read the post have a prejudice? Next, look for other sources from mainstream media to make sure the information.(然而，如果你在网上获取大部分信息，你必须成为自己的编辑。在这种情况下，首先要做的就是看看帖子的作者。这个人是客观的吗？你阅读帖子的网站有偏见吗？接下来，从主流媒体寻找其他来源以确保信息。)”可知，作者在最后一段强调在相信信息前要先核实。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下四川南充市·期末） When you read news online, websites don’t care about sharing information — they want to make money from you. Every time you click a link, even before the page loads, your personal details are sold to advertisers in quick online sales. This happens so fast that you don’t even notice it happening. Years ago, everyone saw the same ads on a webpage. Now, a big system uses tracking tools like Cookies and Scripts to collect your data. They track what you search for, where you live, and even what you talk about. Then, they use this information to create ads just for you. For example, if you look at shoes online, those ads will follow you to other sites for weeks. This makes people worry about privacy — like someone watching your shopping habits! But even if you don’t mind, this technology still causes problems. Ads use so much energy that your phone battery dies faster, and pages take longer to open. Why are ads getting so annoying? Companies like Google and Facebook want to make more money. They’re developing new ways to follow you, like using your phone’s camera microphone. Imagine taking a photo of a book, and then seeing ads for that book everywhere! New privacy rules in Europe and California could slow this down, but websites will find secret ways to collect data. They might ask you to “accept Cookies” to use the site, but few people read the long, confusing messages. To avoid bad experiences, read news on reliable apps. These apps block most ads and trackers, making reading faster and easier. But it’s not the apps that kill news websites — it’s the ad technology that runs your experience. News companies need ads to survive, but today’s ads harm both readers and publishers. If nothing changes, more people will stop trusting online news, and quality journalism could disappear. 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Ads appear immediately after page loads. B．Personal data sales escape people’s attention. C．Websites highly value users’ privacy. D．Information sharing is the goal of websites. 2．Which is a new way of data collection according to the passage? A．Creating new websites. B．Analyzing shopping methods. C．Hiding Cookies’ information. D．Using phones’ microphones. 3．What may happen if the online ads remain unchanged? A．Loss of online trust. B．Disappearance of ads. C．Increase of news reading. D．Improvement of journalism. 4．What is the purpose of the article? A．To promote the use of reliable apps. B．To explain how to create effective online ads. C．To warm about the negative effects of ad technology. D．To encourage users to share more personal data. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在网上阅读新闻的弊端，指出要在可靠的应用程序上阅读新闻。 【详解】132．细节理解题。根据首段中的“your personal details are sold to advertisers in quick online sales. This happens so fast that you don’t even notice it happening.(您的个人资料会被迅速出售给在线销售平台的广告商。这一过程极其迅速，以至于您根本察觉不到它正在发生)”可知，个人数据在没有被注意到的情况下被售卖。故选B项。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They’re developing new ways to follow you, like using your phone’s camera microphone.(他们正在探索新的追踪方式，比如利用你的手机摄像头和麦克风)”可知，利用手机摄像头和麦克风是一种收集个人信息的方式。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据末段中的“If nothing changes, more people will stop trusting online news, and quality journalism could disappear.(如果情况毫无改变，那么会有更多的人不再信任网络新闻，而高质量的新闻报道也可能会消失)”可知，网络广告不变会导致用户不信任网络。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，根据首段“When you read news online, websites don’t care about sharing information — they want to make money from you. Every time you click a link, even before the page loads, your personal details are sold to advertisers in quick online sales. This happens so fast that you don’t even notice it happening.(当你在网上阅读新闻时，网站并不关心分享信息，它们的目的在于从你身上获取收益。每次你点击一个链接，甚至在页面加载之前，你的个人详细信息就会被迅速出售给广告商，用于进行快速的在线广告投放。这一切发生得如此之快，以至于你根本察觉不到这一过程正在发生)”和末段“To avoid bad experiences, read news on reliable apps. These apps block most ads and trackers, making reading faster and easier.(为了避免糟糕的体验，在可靠的应用程序上阅读新闻。这些应用程序屏蔽了大多数广告和跟踪器，使阅读变得更快、更容易)”可推断，本文的写作意图是警告网络广告的弊端。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下四川成都石室中学·期末） For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up to date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing creative ways for young people to take part in instruction. Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor (辅导) others work harder to understand. the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They arrange college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic. But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent” — a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are inspired to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking. Feedback from the teachable agent further improves the tutors’ learning. The agent’s questions force student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action. Above all, it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that improve learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agent fails, but happy when this virtual pupil succeeds as they develop pride and satisfaction from someone else’s accomplishment. 1．Why is Roman philosopher Seneca mentioned? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To confirm an opinion. C．To make a comparison. D．To introduce a topic. 2．What can be learned about Betty’s Brain? A．It is a character in a popular animation. B．It is a teaching tool under development. C．It is a cutting-edge app in digital games. D．It is a tutor for computer science students. 3．What do students do to teach their teachable agent? A．They motivate it to think independently. B．They ask it to design its own questions. C．They encourage it to give immediate feedback. D．They use various ways to explain materials to it. 4．What is the writing purpose of the passage? A．To encourage first-born children to be tutors of their siblings. B．To explain how teaching others improves one’s own learning. C．To introduce the development of teachable agents like Betty’s Brain. D．To describe the emotional changes of students when tutoring others. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了教学如何促进自身学习及其背后的原理。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中““While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up to date. (罗马哲学家Seneca说：“我们教的时候，也在学。”现在，科学家们正在将这一古老的智慧带到现代。)”可知，文章开头引用Seneca的话是为了引出文章主题——教学促进学习。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent” — a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. (但目前正在开发的最前沿的工具是“可教的智能体”——一个像现实世界中的学生一样学习、尝试、犯错和提问的计算机角色。计算机科学家创造了一个名为Betty’s Brain的动画人物，数百名中学生已经“教”过它环境科学。)”可知，Betty’s Brain是一个正在开发中的教学工具。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The agent’s questions force student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action. (智能体的问题迫使学生导师用不同的方式思考和解释材料，而观察智能体解决问题则让他们看到自己的知识付诸实践。)”可知，学生们用不同的方式向可教的智能体解释材料。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor (辅导) others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. (研究人员发现，报名辅导他人的学生更努力$ 专题05 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——历史社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下资阳市·期末） When it comes to symbols of the UK, people may think of the red telephone box. For many, taking photos with one is a must-do when visiting the country. The red telephone box also plays an important role in many movies and novels. One of the most famous examples can be found in the Harry Potter series. In the story, the secret Ministry of Magic has a hidden entrance inside a London telephone box. There, people can reach the ministry by dialing 62442. However, as more people have their own mobile phones these days, public phone boxes are not used much anymore. To protect this symbol of British cultural heritage, people are finding creative ways to reuse the phone boxes. In recent years, they have become mini-libraries, cafes and even art spaces. For example, along Hampstead High Street in North London, a telephone box has been turned into a cute cafe. Although it’s tiny, this special cafe offers coffee, tea, cakes and sandwiches. There are also lots of mini-lending libraries in old phone boxes across the UK. One example is the Lewisham Micro Library. People can borrow a book from the library and replace it with one of their own. Starting this year, 2,000 telephone boxes will be changed into new street centers. These digital red telephone boxes will offer free WiFi, phone calls and local information over the next 10 years, beginning in 2025. 1．What is the purpose of mentioning the secret Ministry of Magic in the text? A．To introduce where its hidden entrance is. B．To tell readers how to make phone calls in the movies. C．To show red phone boxes are special in British culture. D．To explain what has made the Harry Potter series popular. 2．Why are public phone boxes less used nowadays according to the text? A．They are out of service. B．People prefer using mobile phones. C．They are too expensive to use. D．They are not available in many areas. 3．How does the UK protect the red telephone boxes? A．By making people pay to use them. B．By painting them with more colors. C．By keeping people away from them. D．By turning them into useful new spaces. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The telephone boxes are an American symbol. B．The red telephone boxes will become museums. C．British people protect the red telephone boxes creatively. D．The red telephone boxes will gradually disappear in the UK. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下四川南充市·期末） Best Chinese Food in Chicago Here are top Chinese Food Restaurants in Chicago — spots where you’ll find not just one good dish but a whole menu worth exploring. Ken Kee Restaurant ·Location: 2129 S China Pl, Chicago. IL 60616 ·Ideal for: Date Nights, Casual Meals, etc. Their chow mein and salt-and-pepper pork chops are staples, but the real fun is their afternoon tea menu. Ever tried Ovaltine-dusted creamy toast? Or pineapple buns filled with truffle butter? It’s unexpected and delightful, like rediscovering something you thought you already knew. Chengdu Bistro ·Location: 2211 W North Ave, Chicago, IL 60647 ·Perfect for: Casual Meals. The first time I went to Chengdu Bistro in Wicker Park, it was for the dumplings. They didn’t disappoint. This comfortable spot, part of the Chengdu Impression family, is where Sichuan heat takes center stage. You can feel it in the air. Your nose itches slightly from the spice when you walk in. Potsticker House ·Location: 3139 S Halsted St. Chicago. IL 60608 ·Excellent for: Walk-ins, Casual Meals, Takeout, etc. Bridgeport’s Potsticker House is where I go when dumplings are the only things on my mind. Long, crispy potstickers are the star here — each bite feels like a small celebration. Three Little Pigs ·Location: 964 W 31st St, Chicago, IL 60608 ·Suited for: Takeout, walk-in customers, and Casual Meals. Their pork fried rice feels like home in a bowl, and the barbecue pork is melt-in-your-mouth good. If you’re in Bridgeport, stop by their current location near Maria’s Community Bar, or check out their River West ghost kitchen. Chicago’s Chinese food is a refection of the city’s diversity and creativity. Whether you’re longing for dumplings. BBQ duck, or something completely unexpected, these restaurants deliver every time. 1．Which is a highlight of Ken Kee’s afternoon tea? A．The Ovaltine-dusted toast. B．The crispy potsticker. C．The barbecue pork. D．The spicy dumpling. 2．Which restaurant operates a ghost kitchen in River West? A．Chengdu Bistro. B．Potsticker House. C．Three Little Pigs. D．Ken Kee Restaurant. 3．What do the four restaurants have in common? A．They all have a takeout service. B．They are all suitable for casual meals. C．They all serve dumplings as their main dish. D．They are all located in the same neighborhood. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下四川石室天府中学·期末） Have you heard of Hispanic Heritage Month (拉美裔文化月)? We break down this monthlong celebration from September 15 to October 15 that recognizes the different Hispanic community in the United States and the varied and meaningful contributions they bring to our country and culture. According to the Hispanic Heritage Month (拉美裔文化月) official website, it is observed “by celebrating the histories, cultures, and contributions of Americans whose ancestors came from Spain, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America”. For generations, Hispanics have contributed to the food, music, business, science, and culture that we know as American, and the 30 days that make up Hispanic Heritage Month each fall is just one opportunity to show these achievements. Hispanics are the country’s second-largest racial group, behind white non-Hispanics according to the latest 2020 census (普查). Hispanics now account for 18.7 percent of the U.S. population, up 2.4 percent in the previous decade with 62.1 million Hispanics living across America with big concentrations in New York, California, Texas and Florida. Hispanic Heritage Month first started as a week when it was signed into law by President Lyndon B．Johnson in 1968. According to Congressional history, the week was created to bring attention and awareness to “Hispanic-American contributions to the United States”, along with networking opportunities for “grassroots and civil rights activists inside and outside the Hispanic-American community”. Almost 20 years later, Representative Esteban Torres of California, a proud Mexican-American, gave a bill to expand it into Hispanic Heritage Month saying supporters of the bill “want the American people to learn of our heritage. We want the public to know that we share a legacy (遗产) with the rest of the country, a legacy that includes artists, writers, Olympic champions, and leaders in business, government, cinema, and science”. That bill didn’t pass, but Senator Paul Simon of Illinois gave a similar bill that President Ronald Reagan signed into law after that in 1988 creating now what Hispanic Heritage Month is. 1．What is the aim of Hispanic Heritage Month? A．To pass the values of Hispanics. B．To celebrate the harvest of each fall. C．To display the achievements made by Hispanics. D．To honor the first generation of Hispanics in America. 2．Which racial group is the largest in America? A．People from Spain. B．White non-Hispanics. C．Non-white people. D．People from the Caribbean. 3．When did Representative Esteban Torres introduce his bill? A．In 2020. B．In 1968. C．In 1987. D．In 1988. 4．Which might be the best title for the text? A．What is Hispanic Heritage Month in America? B．Where do Hispanics Come from? C．Why do People Create Hispanic Heritage Month? D．How do People Celebrate Hispanic Heritage Month? Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下四川广安市广安区·期末） One cold autumn afternoon, in a forest outside the tiny village of Hümmel, I went for a walk with the German forester Peter Wohlleben. Wohlleben had been managing the forest for almost three decades, and he had cared for it with unusual gentleness. Each tree is cut individually and removed using horses, rather than heavy machinery, to avoid damaging underground networks of roots and fungi that allow trees to exchange resources and chemical signals. He has created additional income for the forest by leading tours and teaching courses, etc. He has long insisted that people around the world could and should manage their forests likewise. Until a few years ago, virtually no one was listening. To make his views and his know-how widely known, Wohlleben began writing books. However, his first fifteen reached a modest audience. The turning point came in 2015 with his sixteenth book, The Hidden Life of Trees. Inspired by the walking tours like the one that Wohlleben was leading me on, he shifted the tone in this book — from technical writing to a warm, story-like style. He said, “The people I guided through the forest — they were hard trainers. When I talked in a way that wasn’t interesting, they would begin talking with each other.” So he adopted a cheerful and friendly tone — like a kind uncle telling fairy tales, full of warmth and a sense of wonder. And it struck a chord: The Hidden Life of Trees has sold more than a million copies in Germany alone, and more than three million worldwide. Near the end of our walk, Wohlleben showed me a C-shaped stump (树桩). It had been cut down at least fifty years ago, and yet, somehow, it was still alive. The tree’s roots, many of which grew above the soil, were visibly connected to a nearby tree. To Wohlleben, this was proof of the remarkable mutuality of trees — that they will continue caring for nearby trees even after their death. 1．Why does Wohlleben use horses to remove trees? A．To get around easily. B．To keep the old tradition alive. C．To reduce equipment costs. D．To protect underground roots and fungi. 2．What makes The Hidden Life of Trees more popular than Wohlleben’s earlier books? A．It is well advertised. B．It is easy and fun to read. C．It offers scientific knowledge. D．It explores human-nature bond. 3．Which can best replace the underlined “mutuality”? A．Adaptation. B．Growth. C．Connection. D．Lifespan. 4．What might be a suitable title? A．The Secret Language of Trees B．How a Book Changed Forestry C．A Forest Walk with Wohlleben D．Wohlleben and His Forest Message 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下四川眉山市仁寿县·期末） Global warming is one of the most pressing environmental issues of our time. It refers to the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s climate system, primarily due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. As the climate warms, it leads to a variety of environmental impacts including the melting of ice caps, rising sea levels, and extreme weather events. One significant consequence of global warming is the melting of glacier ice. This not only causes sea levels to rise but also threatens coastal communities with flooding and erosion. For instance, islands in the Pacific Ocean are already experiencing the effects as their land slowly disappears beneath the waves. Moreover, global warming is responsible for more frequent and severe weather events. Increased temperatures can lead to more intense storms, floods, and droughts, disrupting ecosystems and human societies. In the United States, hurricanes have become more powerful with greater rainfall, leading to significant damage and loss of life. Addressing global warming requires international cooperation and individual efforts. Countries worldwide need to work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and develop sustainable energy sources. Meanwhile, individuals can make a difference by reducing energy consumption, supporting green initiatives, and raising awareness about climate issues. To combat global warming effectively, it’s essential for everyone to acknowledge the problem and take action before it’s too late. 1．Which of the following causes global warming according to the article? A．Deforestation and burning fossil fuels. B．Much use of chemicals in agriculture. C．Nuclear energy production. D．Overfishing in the oceans. 2．What is one effect of glacier melting mentioned in the passage? A．Rise in agricultural productivity. B．Creation of new land habitats. C．Threats to coastal communities. D．Decrease in desert areas. 3．How has global warming affected weather patterns? A．It has made winters milder. B．It has made summers cooler. C．Bad weather events happened more often. D．It has decreased the number of sunny days. 4．What action is suggested in the article as part of addressing global warming? A．Relocating coastal residents. B．Constructing more sea barriers. C．Increasing nuclear energy production. D．Developing sustainable energy sources. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下四川资阳市·期末） Flying in a beautiful hot air balloon is cool. But have you ever wondered what makes it possible? It’s helium — a very important, but often forgotten gas. The world is running low on helium. In the last 20 years, there have been four times when there wasn’t enough of it. What we know about helium is lighter than air. Also, you can’t actually see, smell, or taste it. It doesn’t easily react with other things. Most people know helium for filling balloons, but it has many other uses. For example, the MRI machines which doctors use to look inside our bodies, need liquid helium to keep cool and create pictures to understand patients’ health problems. It is also used to cool parts of satellites and clean rockets. What’s more, it’s important in making computer chips. It’s clear that helium is useful, but the problem is that it is hard to get and keep. It only comes in two ways: nuclear reactions (核反应) in stars and the slow breakdown of certain rocks deep in Earth. We can’t make helium with today’s technology. It is so light that it goes into space. Even when we make it stay here on Earth, it can go through tiny holes and even go up walls, making it easy to lose after use. At present, people are working to stop helium from running out. Scientists suggest we improve our technology and try to use less helium in some fields. 1．What is the problem with helium? A．It is no longer safe. B．It is running out. C．It is bad for our health. D．It is becoming lighter. 2．What question does paragraph 2 answer? A．What helium is. B．Why we lack helium. C．How we get helium. D．When we need helium. 3．How does the author show helium has many other uses? A．By telling stories. B．By raising questions. C．By listing numbers. D．By giving examples. 4．What can we do now to stop helium running out according to the scientists? A．Use other similar gases. B．Make helium heavier. C．Use less helium in some areas. D．Collect helium from outer space. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下四川凉山州·期末） Sleeping in a noisy room isn’t only distracting (使人分心的), but it can also harm your health. Although researchers have known for decades that long-term loud noises can harm us, it’s only recently become recognized as a widespread problem. In a new review of previously published studies, researchers from Germany and Denmark took a look at the ways in which noises, such as an airplane passing by or jackhammer digging in the ground, can affect our hearts. Perhaps the most obvious impact of a loud sound while you are sleeping is that it can wake you up. But, even if you don’t remember hearing the noise or you don’t physically get out of bed, it can disrupt you in ways you may not realize. “Noise is not just causing annoyance, but it actually makes us sick,” said Dr Thomas Münzel, a professor at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. “Regardless of where the sound is coming from, if it gets louder than 60 decibels (分贝), it can increase the risk of heart disease.” When our body hears these noises, it reacts with a stress reaction. In this case, these sudden and unexpected noises cause hormones (荷尔蒙) to speed up and eventually damage the heart. Although the chance that a single noise will affect you is unlikely, it’s the continuous exposure to the sound that can finally affect you. “But our heart health isn’t the only cause for concern. Long-term noise may also raise the risk of type 2 diabetes (糖尿病), depression, and anxiety disorders,” he warns. In the future, Münzel plans to examine how noises from cars, planes, and other vehicles affect the brain. But despite the amount or the depth of research he conducts, it’ll take the help of politicians to improve the effect of noise on our health. “Politicians have to take into account, in particular, the new findings,” Münzel said, “As for aircraft noise and airports, it is important to make new laws and set new lower noise limits that protect people living close by the airport instead of the owners of the airport. ” 1．How does a loud noise most obviously affect sleeping people? A．By making people dream more. B．By waking people up. C．By making people get out of bed. D．By speeding up people’s heartbeat. 2．Which expression can replace the underlined “exposure to” in paragraph 4? A．appeal to B．separation from C．harm to D．contact with 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Noises only cause annoyance. B．Low noises have no impact on heart health. C．Noise-related brain problems will be checked. D．Noise control will probably rely on politicians. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Noises affect our health in many ways. B．New laws have limited noise completely. C．The influence of noise rises apparently. D．The sources of noise are cut off. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下四川内江市·期末） From checking social media every minute to being lost in computer games, we tend to misapply technology. “For many people, a moment without your phone or laptop looks like a lifetime,” the Daily Mail commented. A computer model called Mindy may make many people to think twice. A team of scientists built a 3-D model to uncover the impacts technology can have on human bodies in less than 800 years. “Spending hours looking down at your phone hurts your neck and throws your spine (脊椎) off balance,” explained Caleb Backe, a health expert. Then, the muscles in our neck need to spend extra effort to support the head, making our back bent and neck wide. “The way we hold our phones can cause stress in certain points of contact — causing text claw (爪子),” Nikola Djordjevic, a practicing physician told the team. It affects the elbows too, causing pain in the arm. That’s why Mindy has a 90-degree elbow, and her hands look like she’s always holding a mobile phone. Some people also commented that human evolution (进化) may not work this way. They believe that only features with actual benefits would be kept throughout the years. For example, features that can increase the rate of survival, instead of the negative influence of technology. However, current human lifestyles still raise concerns. A model called Emma was built by researchers to show how the way people work at their desks could change them in 20 years. The research team built Emma based on the health issues mentioned by over 3,000 workers in different countries. Emma’s back stays bent, and her legs are out of shape due to the time people spend in front of computers. With little time spent outdoors and in the sun, her skin is gray, too. 1．What does the underlined word “misapply” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Avoid. B．Overuse. C．Improve. D．Obtain. 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The working theory of Mindy. B．The harm of mobile phones on health. C．The influence of the computer model. D．The proper ways of using mobile phones. 3．What does Emma look like? A．Smart. B．Flexible. C．Unhappy. D．Abnormal 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Computer Models Serve as Helpers B．Computer Games Should Be Improved C．Technology Might Change Body Shape D．Adjustment Shall Be Made to Technology Passage 5 （24-25学年高一下四川仁寿县·期末） A dog can be a person’s best friend, or so the theory goes. But that relationship can be tested when a dog begins barking at an empty corner of a room, at a door, or anywhere where there doesn’t appear to be any activity at all taking place. Is it communication with invisible beings? Or does it simply want to drive its owner crazy? According to the American Kennel Club (AKC), the most common explanation for dogs’barking without reasons is that it’s not really voluntary at all. Dogs are, obviously, equipped with superior hearing including the ability to detect sounds that are higher in pitch (音高). It is said that a dog could be reacting to a noise that person won’t be able to hear. If a dog barks seemingly for no apparent reason at night, it might because the noise nearby is lessened and barks of other dogs become more clearly. Because dogs protect their own area, one dog barking can turn into many others to guard themselves. Dogs are also able to see better in the dark than humans thanks to their ability to get more light into their retinas (视网膜). If a dog is reacting to what looks like an empty backyard at night, it’s possible that something has caught their attention, be it a wild animal, a leaf, or a stranger. That’s not to say that dogs only bark because of their acute (敏锐的) senses. Some dogs might bark out of boredom in which case more exercise or play time is probably needed. They might also be trying to get their owner’s attention. The AKC recommends that owners avoid speaking angrily to their dogs for barking.Instead, owners can try calming the dogs to let them know they’ re aware of their concern. If they tend to bark while looking out of a window, owners can also try to pull the curtains. Less often, continual barking might be a sign of cognitive issues. If barking is persistent and no criminal is hiding out in your bushes, then you might consider a trip to the vet. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Dogs have the awareness of their own area. B．Dogs are not as sensitive to sound as humans. C．The surrounding noise will make a dog frightened. D．A dog barks in order to make friends with other dogs. 2．According to the passage, which factors won’t make dogs bark at nothing? A．Its boredom. B．Its acute hearing. C．Its madness. D．Its good sight. 3．What should the owner do with the dog’s barking according to AKC? A．Leaving it alone. B．Criticizing it seriously. C．Comforting it. D．Train it patiently. 4．Where is this passage probably taken from? A．A brochure. B．A novel C．A story. D．A report. 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下四川甘孜藏族自治州·期末） Scott Cooper is a 66-ycar-old Australian with dementia (痴呆症). Every day, he struggles with forgetting where he puts his keys and sometimes can’t even recognize the faces of his dearest friends. But he refuses to let this tough condition stop him from exploring the world! He and his wife Jill take regular trips — twice a year. “Traveling helps me keep enjoying life,” Scott said. “Although it can be tiring sometimes, these new experiences make my mind and body active.” Scientists predict that by 2050, around 153 million people globally will suffer from dementia. However, a recent study interviewing over a hundred dementia patients in China, reveals that travel can significantly benefit these patients. The new sights, smells, tastes, and social interactions during travel offer crucial cognitive and sensory stimulation. According to Jun Wen, a tourism lecturer at Edith Cowan University and researcher, the expectation and planning in tourism stimulate brain function. Meanwhile, the exercise often aligns with dementia treatment plans. Warren Harding, a dementia care professor, adds that travel helps patients build confidence, trigger memories, and gain independence, serving as a valuable addition to non-drug treatments by offering emotional and social benefits. Around the world, countries are introducing creative programs to make travel more accessible for people with dementia. In Western Australia, over 20 venues host “memory café” events, where patients socialize over morning tea. Near Melbourne, Australia’s first dementia-friendly sensory path winds through a forest. These diverse efforts collectively represent a growing global trend. By focusing on the unique needs of dementia patients, these actions not only enhance the travel experience for this community but also set an example for more friendly and caring tourism worldwide. In years to come, aged care experts hope people like Scott and Jill Cooper can holiday with greater case, creating memories from travel, no matter how long they last. 1．Why is Scott Cooper’s story mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To promote his way of life. B．To show his passion for travel. C．To reveal a potential treatment for dementia. D．To reflect his tough condition with dementia. 2．What might benefit patients with dementia during travel according to the study? A．Chatting with locals. B．Recalling fond memories. C．Enjoying favourite foods. D．Admiring familiar scenery. 3．What do the underlined words in Paragraph 3 mean? A．conflicts with B．agrees with C．contrasts with D．deals with 4．What can we know about the dementia-friendly travel programs? A．They make it accessible to travel in Australia. B．They meet dementia patients’ medication needs. C．They improve travel experience and global tourism. D．They help dementia patients create long-term memories. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下四川泸州市·期末） Urban gardening is the practice of growing plants in cities, using spaces like balconies, rooftops, and community plots. It has become popular as a way to bring nature into urban areas and offers many benefits. Environmental Benefits Urban gardens help make the air quality better by reducing pollution. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, making the air cleaner. They also reduce the urban heat island effect by providing green spaces. Additionally, urban gardens promote biodiversity by creating habitats for beneficial insects, birds, and other wildlife. Health and Well-being Urban gardening can have a positive impact on mental health. Spending time outdoors and connecting with nature help reduce stress and anxiety. Physically, gardening encourages exercise through tasks like digging and planting, promoting overall health. Food Security and Sustainability Urban gardens provide access to fresh, organic produce, especially in areas where grocery stores are rare. By growing food locally, urban gardening reduces the need for long-distance transportation, lowering carbon emissions. It also promotes sustainable practices to reduce waste and enrich the soil. Community Engagement Urban gardens often serve as community hubs where neighbors can come together These shared spaces build a sense of belonging and unity. They also provide opportunities for people to learn about sustainable living and plant life cycles. Despite its benefits, urban gardening faces challenges such as limited space, soil pollution, and lack of resources. However, these can be addressed through creative solutions like vertical gardening, taking advantage of containers, and conducting soil tests. In conclusion, urban gardening is more than just a hobby. By changing small spaces into green areas, urban gardeners can make a positive impact on their environment and daily lives. 1．What can urban gardens do according to the text? A．Improve the air quality. B．Act as grocery stores. C．Remove the heat island effect. D．Treat rare mental illnesses. 2．What solution is suggested to the limited space problem? A．Protecting soil resources. B．Building small green areas. C．Making use of containers. D．Turning to creative gardeners. 3．Who might find the text most helpful? A．City people. B．Garden visitors. C．Environmental activists. D．Community cleaners. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下四川遂宁市·期末） Understanding your personality type can help you make better career choices. There are several well-known personality tests that can provide insights into your strengths and preferences. One of the most popular is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), which categorizes people into different personality types based on four pairs of traits: The Four Trait Pairs: Introversion (I) - Prefer quiet time vs. Extroversion (E) -Enjoy socializing ISTJ   ISTP ISFJ   ISFP INTJ   INTP INFJ   INFP Sensing (S) - Focus on facts vs. iNtuition (N) - See big pictures Thinking (T) - Decide with logic vs. Feeling (F) - Consider emotions ESTJ   ESTP ESFJ   ESFP ENFJ   ENFP ENTJ   ENTP Judging (J) - Like plans   vs. Perceiving (P) - Prefer flexibility Examples: INTJ (Introverted-iNtuitive-Thinking-Judging): Good at analyzing problems. May enjoy science or engineering jobs. INFJ (Introverted-iNtuitive-Feeling-Judging): Deeply understanding and caring toward others. Often do very well in counseling, human resources, or nonprofit jobs. ESTP (Extroverted-Sensing-Thinking-Perceiving): Action-focused and quick to adapt. Excel in fast-paced fields like starting a business, police work, or emergency response. ESFP (Extroverted-Sensing-Feeling-Perceiving): Outgoing and energetic. Often do well in sales or teaching. It’s important to note that while personality tests can provide useful guidance, they are not absolute. People can develop skills and adapt to different roles over time. However, understanding your personality type can help you identify careers that meet your natural strengths and interests. By recognizing your personality type, you can make more wise decisions about your career path and find roles that are meaningful and rewarding. 1．What is the primary function of the first paragraph? A．To list all MBTI types and their job matches. B．To prove personality tests are always right for jobs. C．To introduce how personality relates to career choices. D．To teach how to take the MBTI test. 2．What can we infer about the INTJs? A．They enjoy socializing with people. B．They prefer quick action over planning. C．They are caring and purpose-driven. D．They analyze data well, suiting science careers. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward personality tests like MBTI? A．Strongly positive. B．Cautiously supportive. C．Completely negative. D．Entirely critical. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The History of Personality Testing. B．Why MBTI Is Always Right. C．Personality Types to Guide Career Choices. D．The Problems with MBTI Tests. 主题01 人与社会——历史社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下四川甘孜藏族自治州·期末） Britain was once covered with rainforests, known as Celtic rainforests or Atlantic woodland. The temperate (温带的) rainforests only occur in places close to the sea with high rainfall, high humidity (湿度) and low variations in temperature and full of plants and animals. The Celtic rainforests used to spread out all across the wetter areas of the country’s west. But over the centuries the ancient woodlands were later cleared and changed into grasslands for sheep and cattle. By the start of the 20th century, Britain had become the least-wooded country in Europe, with only small parts remaining in western coastal rainforest areas. There’s a new rainforest coming back to Britain right now. A movement is underway across Britain to recover these forgotten ecosystems. And in Devon, the first step towards achieving that has just been completed. With the help of over 100 local volunteers, more than 2,500 native trees have been planted at Devon Wildlife Trust’s Bowden Pillars site, not far from the town of Totnes. It’s hoped that another 4,500 oak, rowan, alder, hazel, birch, willow and holly trees will be planted by the end of this winter and over the coming decades, and that they’ll grow to form a thriving (欣欣向荣的) temperate rainforest. The recovery programme, led by The Wildlife Trusts, is happening across other parts of the country, including Cornwall and Pembrokeshire and has been boosted by a significant £38 million of funding from an insurance company. Claire Inglis, a nature reserve officer at Devon Wildlife Trust, said, “The full grown temperate rainforest will take several decades to become established, but the advantages for nature will be much swifter. The mix of young trees planted among grasslands and hedges (树篱), along with our promise not to use chemicals, will be better for local butterflies and bees, along with local birds such as yellowhammers and barn owls. It will be fascinating to see how it develops.” 1．What was mainly responsible for Britain’s lost Celtic rainforest in the past? A．Low temperature. B．Animal farming. C．Plant variation. D．High humidity. 2．What can we say about the movement across Britain? A．It’s worrying. B．It’s promising. C．It’s unrealistic. D．It’s uncontrollable. 3．What does the underlined word “swifter” in the last paragraph mean? A．Further. B．More unlikely. C．Quicker. D．More costly. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．A Story of Destruction About Britain’s Lost Rainforests B．The Challenges of Reviving Celtic Rainforests in Britain C．A Nationwide Effort to Revive Lost Rainforests in Britain D．The Truth of the Disappearance of Britain’s Celtic Rainforests Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下四川绵阳市·期末） Sustainability is no longer a trend—it’s a necessity. As consumers get more eco-conscious, the beverage (饮料) industry is under pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. Among all drinks, tea is the one that leads the way in sustainability. This ancient drink has an eco-friendly consumption model, from sustainable packaging to minimal processing. Sustainable packaging is becoming a big focus in the tea industry. Companies are moving away from traditional plastic-linked tea bags to designing products that break down into harmless natural materials. Some brands are using plant-based wrappers and填补 tins to reduce waste. Loose leaf tea is one of the best ways to reduce packaging waste as it removes the need for individually wrapped tea bags. Water shortage in agriculture is a growing issue, so how to conserve water is key in tea farming. Tea plants are more water-efficient than coffee, which requires lots of irrigation (灌溉). Many tea farms gather rainwater to reduce dependence on fresh water. Some tea herbs like rooibos and chamomile grow in dry conditions and require minimal irrigation, so they are super eco-friendly. In short, choosing tea over other drinks helps with global water conservation. Moreover, tea is lightweight, so transporting it has a lower environmental impact than heavy bottled drinks. Apart from that, many tea varieties can be sun dried or minimally processed, reducing carbon emissions. Supporting sustainable brands encourages the industry to adopt greener practices. But for ordinary people, choosing tea over other drinks may seem to have a more lasting impact. Whether you enjoy green tea, black tea or refreshing iced blends, your choice makes a difference. Tea is more than just a drink—it’s a step toward a healthier planet. 1．What major change have tea companies made in packaging? A．Focusing on sustainable design. B．Turning to advanced materials. C．Increasing plastic-linked packaging. D．Using individually wrapped bags. 2．How does the tea industry contribute to water conservation? A．Tea herbs require more water for growing. B．Tea plants absorb rainwater less efficiently. C．Tea companies introduce eco-friendly equipment. D．Tea farms depend on recycled water for irrigation. 3．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To support sustainable tea brands. B．To encourage a tea-drinking lifestyle. C．To analyze the impact of choosing tea. D．To praise green practices in tea farming. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A scientific report. B．An environmental blog. C．A tea-making magazine. D．An agricultural guidebook. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下四川成都市成华区·期末） A selfie taken by a wild monkey is at the center of a heated copyright dispute (争端) between a photographer and the website Wikimedia Commons. The central question is: Can a photographer who owns the camera claim ownership of photos actually taken by an animal? British wildlife photographer David Slater, whose camera was used by an Indonesian monkey to take its selfie, has said he owns the copyright. However, Andrew Bridges, an expert in copyright law, said Slater likely isn’t the copyright owner because he didn’t have sufficient artistic control over the photo. Copyright requires original creative expression of a work. This is true not only in the U. S., but also in Great Britain and Indonesia. Since Slater didn’t have creative control over the monkey and didn’t actually frame the images, he legally (合法) might not be considered to have been involved in the creative process. The image in question is one of the most popular images on Wikimedia Commons. Slater was on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi taking photographs. A curious monkey approached Slater’s cameras and began using them to take a variety of pictures, including one of itself. “They were quite mischievous, jumping all over my equipment and it looked like they were already posing for the camera when one hit the button,” Slater said. It’s such a funny picture that it became a big hit on the Internet and eventually found its way to Wikimedia Commons, where people were free to download it. However, Slater said Wiki-media was hurting him financially (经济上), and he demanded the website remove the image because he was the copyright owner. Wikimedia has refused because, it claims, Slater didn’t take the image and, therefore, he isn’t the copyright owner. The monkey can’t hold copyright, so the image should belong to the public. Some wildlife protectors say they can claim the copyright on behalf of the animals. 1．What does Andrew Bridges think about Slater’s claim to the copyright of the photo? A．Slater is the rightful owner. B．Slater likely isn’t the copyright owner. C．Slater should share the copyright with the monkey. D．Slater can claim the copyright if he edits the photo later. 2．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to take good photographs of wild animals. B．The importance of protecting wildlife in Indonesia. C．A copyright dispute over a selfie taken by a monkey. D．The impact of social media on photographers’ income. 3．What does the underlined word “mischievous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Naughty. B．Friendly. C．Frightened. D．Tired. 4．What is the author’s primary intention in discussing the copyright dispute over the monkey’s selfie? A．To argue for stricter copyright laws. B．To encourage the use of free images on the internet. C．To highlight the importance of wildlife conservation. D．To question the definition of artistic control in copyright law. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下四川泸州市·期末） According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them dangerous. It is reported that kangaroos are involved in more than 80 percent of the 20,000 vehicle-animal accidents each year. In the country’s under-populated region, the common belief is that kangaroo numbers have rocketed to “pandemic (大规模流行的) percentage”. It is believed that killing kangaroos is critical to boosting the economy. Meat, skins and leather from kangaroos have been sold to 56 countries. Global brands such as Nike, Puma and Adidas buy strong, soft “k-leather” to make athletic products. And kangaroo meat is finding its way into more and more grocery stores. Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat is more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-releasing sheep and cattle. John Kelly, former executive director of the Kangaroo Industry Association of Australia, says, “Harvesting our food from animals adapted to Australia’s environment is extremely wise and sustainable. Many ecologists will tell you that there is no more humane way of producing red meat.” Opponents of the industry call the killing inhumane, unsustainable and unnecessary. Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking in this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.” Can Australians’ disagreement on kangaroos be solved? George Wilson, a professor from Australian National University, says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers (放牧人) would protect the animals, treating them as possessions (财产). They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunters a fee for access. “If you want to protect something,” Wilson says, “you have to give it a value. Animals that are considered dangerous don’t have value.” If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation. 1．What do we know from the article? A．Kangaroos are to blame for most accidents. B．Global brands make small profits on kangaroos. C．Kangaroos are relatively friendly to the environment. D．Over-populated kangaroos are doing great harm to the country’s economy. 2．Why does Dwayne Bannon disagree to kill kangaroos? A．Because it is laughable. B．Because it is destroying the country. C．Because they have existed on Earth longer than man. D．Because they live in harmony with people. 3．Which of the following might be the benefit of privatization (私有化)? A．The popularity of kangaroo hunting. B．The reduction in the number of kangaroos. C．The establishment of more conservation areas. D．The better management of the kangaroo industry. 4．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To argue against the killing of kangaroos. B．To provide a solution to the problem caused by kangaroos. C．To present different opinions on the kangaroo industry. D．To stress the importance of protecting kangaroos. 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下四川成都市·期末） Relying on China’s self-developed human occupied vehicle (HOV) Fendouzhe, Chinese scientists have completed an exploration of the hadal zone — the deepest part of the ocean floor, which remains one of the least explored extreme environments on Earth. As China’s first 10,000-meter-class HOV, Fendouzhe is the world’s only HOV capable of carrying out systematic sampling (采样) and research in the hadal zones. The exploration took place at the end of 2021, lasting 3 months. Taking Fendouzhe, the scientists explored three 6,000-to-11,000-meter-deep regions. Altogether 21 scientists were on the voyage, and 17 went down to conducting sampling and research. The exploration marked several global firsts in human history. They included reaching the deepest point of the Yap Trench, which is located in the western Pacific Ocean and is nearly 9,000 meters deep. This is the place closely related to human living environment and climate change. The other global first s were a systematic study of the hadal zone ecosystems, and the establishment of a database of hadal microorganisms (微生物). All these indicated China’s entry into the forefront of deep-sea life sciences research, said the scientists. Based on the analyses (分析) of 1,648 samples, the research team made groundbreaking discoveries. They included the discovery of methods employed by the hadal zone microorganisms to keep themselves lively in the extreme high-pressure, low-temperature, and low-nutrient environment. “They may provide new insights for human beings to fight aging and some diseases,” said Zhao Weishu, a researcher on the team. “Also, we found that living things there eat some carbon matters, which are generally difficult to be used. If such a practice is applied in the shallow sea area, it may help solve problems, such as oil spills and plastic pollution,” she said. The research team has shared the database globally, and urged international scientific cooperation to address hadal zone exploration challenges. In addition to the HOV, other domestically developed equipment provided significant technical support for this scientific research program as well, said the researchers. 1．Why is Fendouz he unique among HOVs? A．It is a globally co-developed product. B．It has completed the longest exploration. C．It can reach the depth of over 10,000 meters. D．It can do systematic sampling in the hadal zone. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The process of the exploration. B．The goals of the exploration. C．The achievements of the exploration. D．The findings of the exploration. 3．What can be inferred about hadal zone microorganisms? A．They can survive for long. B．They can release carbon matters. C．They can inspire medical progress. D．They can adapt to low-pressure waters. 4．What is the purpose of this text? A．To introduce China’s hadal zone exploration. B．To call for further co-research on the hadal zone. C．To explain the working principles of Fengdouzhe. D．To present the discoveries of the hadal zone research. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下四川雅安市·期末） Recent research has found that Martian soil contains all the essential nutrients necessary for growing rice, planetary scientist Abhilash Ramachandran reported at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, providing new possibilities for agriculture on the Red Planet. The study, conducted by a team of researchers from the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, tested simulated (模拟的) Martian soil to determine its suitability for growing rice. The researchers found that the soil contained all the essential nutrients needed for the crop to grow, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. They also found that the pH level of the soil was within the preferable range for growing rice and that the soil was able to support the growth of healthy rice plants. However, it would be a bit challenging for the plants to survive in the soil that has perchlorate, a chemical that has been detected on Mars’ surface which can be toxic to plants. The team of researchers conducted an experiment to grow rice in soil containing perchlorate. They employed a wild rice variety and two genetically modified varieties, which were designed to tolerate environmental stressors such as drought, and tested them in Mars-simulated soil with and without perchlorate. The study revealed that a concentration of 3 grams of perchlorate per kilogram of soil resulted in no growth of rice plants. However, when the concentration was reduced to 1 gram per kilogram, one of the genetically modified lines successfully grew both a shoot and a root, while the wild variety was only able to grow a root. The discovery could be a game-changer for future missions to Mars, as it could enable astronauts to grow their own food on the planet, reducing the need for costly and complex resupply missions. In addition, studying the growth of plants on Mars could provide valuable insights into the potential for life on other planets and help scientists to better understand the conditions necessary for life to exist. 1．What is the main finding of the recent research on Martian soil? A．It is the same as the soil on earth. B．It is suitable for different kinds of crops. C．It contains all nutrients required for rice growth. D．It has a pH level supporting the growth of plants. 2．Which word can best replace the underlined word “toxic”? A．Harmful. B．Suitable. C．Important. D．Accessible. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．Insights provided by scientists. B．Needs for future space missions. C．Potential for life on other planets. D．Benefits brought by the discovery. 4．Which of the following can be the best title? A．Time to Land on Mars! B．Martial Soil Could Grow Rice! C．Planting Rice: a Great Mission! D．Essential Nutrients Found on Mars! Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下四川德阳市·期末） Recently, Robot Era, a Chinese robotics company, introduced STAR1, the world’s fastest two-legged robot. It can reach and maintain speeds of up to 8 mph (13km/h) — matching the pace of a jogging human. Videos showing this sneaker-wearing machine racing across China’s Gobi Desert quickly spread online, with many social media users humorously asking, “Do robots need shoes now?” However, few realized they were seeing a groundbreaking invention — the fastest humanoid robot ever built. Developed by Robot Era, STAR1 uses powerful motors and AI programs to handle all sorts of surfaces and environments, including sand and grassland. Its secret speed boost comes from an unexpected feature — ordinary running shoes. While equipped with advanced sensors that scan its surroundings instantly, the robot’s simple footwear helps it run faster than even advanced “barefoot” competitors. Standing 5.6 feet tall and weighing 143 pounds, STAR1 can run at 3.6 meters per second. Scientists discovered that the robot achieved this impressive speed through the pair of running shoes, which made a big difference. In a test, the sneaker-wearing robot was considerably faster than its “barefoot” competitor, even though it got off to a slower start. The sneaker-wearing robot dealt with the difficult terrain (地形) of the Gobi Desert better and finished in front. STAR1 now outruns other famous robots like Tesla’s Optimus and Boston Dynamics’ Atlas. Robot Era made great progress by improving movement techniques rather than creating new technology. The running shoes work like athletic footwear, helping push off the ground more effectively while keeping balance. The company believes such robots could eventually help with dangerous tasks in extreme environments, such as disaster rescue or space exploration. By combining smart engineering with simple solutions like ordinary footwear, Chinese scientists have taken an important step toward more practical humanoid robots. 1．Which is the feature of STAR1? A．It uses advanced barefoot technology. B．It’s taller than Tesla’s Optimus robot. C．It’s designed for desert exploration. D．It wears sneakers for faster speed. 2．How did STA R1 perform in the Gobi Desert test? A．It failed because of its slow start. B．It beat shoeless robots with ease. C．It struggled with the rough terrain. D．It took the lead when the test began. 3．What did Robot Era do after STAR1? A．It created new technology to test its work. B．It bettered movement methods for the robots. C．It focused on robot research for social security. D．It attempted to increase its weight significantly. 4．Which could be the most suitable title of the passage? A．The Fastest Humanoid Robot: STAR1 Makes History B．Why Robots Don’t Need Shoes to Run Much Faster C．The Promising Future of Humanoid Robots in China D．How AI and Sneakers Improve Robot Speed Greatly Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下四川德泸州市·期末） Laughter, a universal human expression, takes many forms. But not all laughter is created equal. New research led by social psychologist Roza Kamiloglu at VU Amsterdam shows that laughter induced by tickling (挠痒痒) stands apart from other forms of laughter. Her team began by collecting 887 unconscious laughter videos from YouTube. They then classified these videos according to what caused the laughter, including tickle attacks, a type of incident called taking pleasure in other people’s misfortune, and verbal jokes. About 70% of these videos were used to train a machine-learning algorithm (运算法则) to link laughter forms with their causes. Surprisingly, based on acoustic features like loudness and rhythm, the algorithm could correctly identify laughter produced by tickling 62.5% of the time. When human observers were developed, they correctly identified tickling laughter 61.2%of the time. This research, published in Biology Letters, has far-reaching impacts. Many mammals, such as dogs, squirrel monkeys, and chimpanzees, produce cheerful voice during play that sounds like laughter. One of the first things that newborns do early in life is laugh, and even deaf babies laugh unconsciously. Some primates (灵长目动物) engage in the activity, too. This indicates that tickling-related laughter likely developed over 10 million years ago to help primates build friendly relations. Dr Kamiloglu now plans to study how infectious different sorts of laughs are. She thinks that if the tickling laugh developed to bring primates together, it should be highly infectious, but this has not been tested yet. As for other forms of laughter unique to humans, they probably developed much later when the human brain became more complex. With this in mind, there are two main types of laughter: one from tickling and the other from other amusing things. This research not only helps us understand the nature of laughter but also shows its evolutionary roots. But he who laughs last, it would seem, laughs longest. 1．What does the underlined word “induced” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Caused. B．Stopped. C．Replaced. D．Recorded. 2．What did Dr Kamiloglu’s team do next after collecting videos? A．They picked out the videos with jokes. B．They asked observers to enjoy the videos. C．They sorted the videos by the causes of laughter. D．They used machines to analyze the features of jokes. 3．What can be inferred from the published research? A．Laughter is unique to human beings. B．Laughter connects with social interaction. C．Primates are fond of joining in playful activities. D．The human brain varies with the change of laughter 4．What will Dr Kamiloglu explore about laughs in her further research? A．Their complexity. B．Their cultural roots. C．Their infectiousness. D．Their specific types. Passage 5 （24-25学年高一下四川东坡区·期末） In 2021, scientists studying animal communication discovered that some dogs connect objects with words similarly to babies. Then what about cats, which are commonly believed to be unconcerned about human affairs? Saho Takagi, a researcher at Azabu University, doubted cats’ seeming unconcern. “Cats don’t appear to listen to people’s conversations, but in fact, they do,” said Takagi. According to previous research, cats understand human communication better than expected. Like dogs, they can use human pointing and stares to find food. They even can tell the difference between human facial expressions and states of attention, according to a 2016 study. However, cats can do more than that. Another study showed that cats can discriminate their own names from the names of their cat companions (those that live in the same house). The researchers believed that cats learned to connect names with other cats by observing communication between their owners and their cat friends. In a recently published study, Takagi and her colleagues compared two groups of cats: cats living with at least two other cats and cats living in “cat cafés” with up to 30 cats. Using a simple two-phase (阶段) test, they assessed the cats’ responses to hearing their names and seeing their faces on a monitor. Sometimes, the cat that appeared on the screen matched the name spoken; other times, the name and the image did not match. If cats knew the names of their cat friends, they would investigate by staring doubtfully at the monitor when the name and image did not match. House cats had a significantly longer stare than café cats, indicating that house cats generally expected a specific cat’s face upon hearing the cat’s name. “This is the first evidence showing that house cats link human words and their social companions through daily experiences,” the researchers wrote. “However, we could not recognize the mechanism (机制) for learning. But with more and more scientists becoming interested in cats, who are much smarter than we assume, this question is sure to be solved.” 1．What’s people’s common understanding of cats? A．They have their own language. B．They can connect objects with words. C．They show no interest in human things. D．They can use human instructions to find food. 2．By comparing cats and dogs in Paragraph 2, the author wants to stress ______. A．cats and dogs are all clever animals B．cats’ ability to learn is stronger than dogs’ C．cats and dogs can get along well with humans D．cats’ ability goes beyond recognizing body language 3．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “discriminate” in Paragraph 3? A．Choose. B．Protect. C．Tell. D．Learn. 4．What is the unsettled question of the study? A．How cats can recognize other cats’ face. B．Whether cats are much smarter than expected. C．Whether cats can understand human communication. D．How cats link human words and their social companions. 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下四川宜宾市·期末） In the information era, the Internet is flooded with all kinds of information . Fake news, or lies, spread even faster and the truth is having trouble finding its way. As Jonathan Swift wrote in his book The Art of Political Lying. “Lies run fast, and the truth walks slowly.” What’s even worse, most young people obtain news from social media platforms where facts are mixed with rumors, partial truths, and complete lies. As a result, young people have become confused. In the most recent PISA assessment, which surveyed 15-year-olds globally on academic topics, it was reported that less than one-tenth of the participants were capable of distinguishing facts from opinions. A study conducted by Stanford University indicated that students across all educational levels were unable to tell real and take news apart. For example, 80 percent of the participants in one case believed that a paid advertisement was an actual news report. Where does fake news come from? Fake news is spread by people who have a prejudice (偏见). They want to influence public opinion either for or against something or someone. It is important, then, for young people to recognize when they are being used and to be doubtful about online information.Traditional media, such as newspapers and television, are still the more trustworthy sources of information. Reporters are professionally trained to look for facts, and editors have the job of making sure those facts are correct. However, if you are getting most of your information online, you have to be your own editor. In that case, the first thing to do is to look at the writer of a post. Is this person known to be objective? Does the site where you read the post have a prejudice? Next, look for other sources from mainstream media to make sure the information 1．Why is Jonathan Swift mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To recommend a famous book. B．To present the challenge truth faces. C．To praise his great literature achievements. D．To show the differences between truth and lies. 2．What did the study conducted by Stanford University find about students? A．They couldn’t trust any news. B．They were fond of social media. C．They were part of rumors online. D．They couldn’t identify fake news. 3．According to the text, what does the author think of traditional media? A．They are old-fashioned. B．They provide the latest news. C．They employ expertly-trained staff. D．They post news with personal prejudice. 4．What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph? A．Check before trust. B．Seeing is believing. C．Better safe than sorry. D．Prepare for a rainy day. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下四川南充市·期末） When you read news online, websites don’t care about sharing information — they want to make money from you. Every time you click a link, even before the page loads, your personal details are sold to advertisers in quick online sales. This happens so fast that you don’t even notice it happening. Years ago, everyone saw the same ads on a webpage. Now, a big system uses tracking tools like Cookies and Scripts to collect your data. They track what you search for, where you live, and even what you talk about. Then, they use this information to create ads just for you. For example, if you look at shoes online, those ads will follow you to other sites for weeks. This makes people worry about privacy — like someone watching your shopping habits! But even if you don’t mind, this technology still causes problems. Ads use so much energy that your phone battery dies faster, and pages take longer to open. Why are ads getting so annoying? Companies like Google and Facebook want to make more money. They’re developing new ways to follow you, like using your phone’s camera microphone. Imagine taking a photo of a book, and then seeing ads for that book everywhere! New privacy rules in Europe and California could slow this down, but websites will find secret ways to collect data. They might ask you to “accept Cookies” to use the site, but few people read the long, confusing messages. To avoid bad experiences, read news on reliable apps. These apps block most ads and trackers, making reading faster and easier. But it’s not the apps that kill news websites — it’s the ad technology that runs your experience. News companies need ads to survive, but today’s ads harm both readers and publishers. If nothing changes, more people will stop trusting online news, and quality journalism could disappear. 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Ads appear immediately after page loads. B．Personal data sales escape people’s attention. C．Websites highly value users’ privacy. D．Information sharing is the goal of websites. 2．Which is a new way of data collection according to the passage? A．Creating new websites. B．Analyzing shopping methods. C．Hiding Cookies’ information. D．Using phones’ microphones. 3．What may happen if the online ads remain unchanged? A．Loss of online trust. B．Disappearance of ads. C．Increase of news reading. D．Improvement of journalism. 4．What is the purpose of the article? A．To promote the use of reliable apps. B．To explain how to create effective online ads. C．To warm about the negative effects of ad technology. D．To encourage users to share more personal data. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下四川成都石室中学·期末） For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up to date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing creative ways for young people to take part in instruction. Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor (辅导) others work harder to understand. the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They arrange college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic. But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent” — a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are inspired to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking. Feedback from the teachable agent further improves the tutors’ learning. The agent’s questions force student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action. Above all, it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that improve learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agent fails, but happy when this virtual pupil succeeds as they develop pride and satisfaction from someone else’s accomplishment. 1．Why is Roman philosopher Seneca mentioned? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To confirm an opinion. C．To make a comparison. D．To introduce a topic. 2．What can be learned about Betty’s Brain? A．It is a character in a popular animation. B．It is a teaching tool under development. C．It is a cutting-edge app in digital games. D．It is a tutor for computer science students. 3．What do students do to teach their teachable agent? A．They motivate it to think independently. B．They ask it to design its own questions. C．They encourage it to give immediate feedback. D．They use various ways to explain materials to it. 4．What is the writing purpose of the passage? A．To encourage first-born children to be tutors of their siblings. B．To explain how teaching others improves one’s own learning. C．To introduce the development of teachable agents like Betty’s Brain. D．To describe the emotional changes of students when tutoring others. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $