摘要:
**基本信息**
以“本质区分-考点突破-对比辨析-解题步骤”为逻辑主线,系统构建宾语从句与定语从句的方法体系,通过“一句话区分法”“两步解题法”提升语言运用能力与逻辑思维品质。
**专项设计**
|模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑|
|----|-----------|----------|----------|
|核心区分|2类从句本质+口诀|“动词/介词后→宾从,名词后→定从”判断法|从语法功能切入建立概念边界|
|宾语从句|3大考点(结构/引导词/时态)+4易错点|陈述语序铁律、时态呼应三规则|按“结构-引导词-时态”递进拆解|
|定语从句|4关系词+3特殊规则|关系词选择三原则(人/物/成分)|从先行词特征到关系词功能推导|
|对比辨析|1对比表格+2例句|位置/作用/引导词/语序四维对比|通过横向对比强化差异认知|
|综合应用|6考点+15例题|“看前词-译句意”两步解题法|从单一考点到复合句式综合迁移|
内容正文:
中考英语重难点:宾语从句 vs 定语从句(辨析 &考点 & 例题)+专项练习
两大从句是中考单选、完形、句型转换、书面表达高频难点,先抓核心区别,再分考点突破。
一、核心本质区分(一句话分清)
1. 宾语从句:作动词 / 介词的宾语(句子当 “宾语”),跟在谓语动词、介词后面。
2. 定语从句:修饰名词 / 代词(句子当 “形容词”),跟在名词 / 代词后面,翻译常带 “…… 的”。
简易判断口诀: 后接动词 / 介词 → 宾语从句 后接名词 → 定语从句
二、宾语从句(中考必考 3 大考点)
1. 基本结构
主句 + 引导词 + 陈述句语序(主 + 谓) ⚠️ 重中之重:从句永远用陈述语序,不用疑问语序
2. 三大引导词
表格
引导词
用法
例句
that
陈述句,无词义,可省略
I know (that) you are right. 我知道你是对的。
if / whether
一般疑问句,表 “是否”
I don't know if he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。
特殊疑问词(what/who/where/when/why/how)
特殊疑问句,保留原有含义
Can you tell me where he lives? 你能告诉我他住哪吗?
3. 时态规则(高频考点)
1. 主句为一般现在时:从句时态随实际句意变化(任意时态)
1. I think he is happy.(一般现在)
2. I know she has left.(现在完成)
2. 主句为一般过去时:从句统一变为对应的过去时态(时态倒退)
2. He said (that) he was tired.
2. She asked where I would go.
3. 客观真理 / 自然规律:从句永远用一般现在时,不受主句时态影响
2. The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.
4. 中考易错点
· ❌ 错:Do you know where is he?(疑问语序)
· ✅ 对:Do you know where he is?(陈述语序)
· 否定转移:I don't think he will come.(否定放主句)
三、定语从句(中考核心:关系词用法)
1. 基本结构
先行词(名词 / 代词) + 关系词 + 从句 先行词:被修饰的名词 / 代词;关系词:连接主句和从句,在从句中充当成分。
2. 常用关系词(中考只考这 4 个)
(1)who /whom:指代人
· who:在从句中作主语 / 宾语 The girl who is singing is my sister.(作主语)
· whom:在从句中只作宾语(口语常用 who 代替) The man whom you met yesterday is a doctor.(作宾语)
(2)whose:表 “…… 的”,指代人 / 物,作定语
This is the boy whose bag is red. 这就是那个书包是红色的男孩。
(3)which:指代物,作主语 / 宾语
The book which you bought is interesting. 你买的那本书很有趣。
(4)that:万能词,可指代人 + 物,作主语 / 宾语
· 代人:The woman that helped me is my teacher.
· 代物:The pen that is on the desk is mine.
3. 必记:只用 that、不用 which 的特殊情况(难点单选考点)
先行词有以下特征,关系词只能用 that:
1. 不定代词:all, everything, nothing, something, anything 等
2. Is there anything that I can do for you?
2. 序数词 / 最高级修饰名词
· This is the best film that I have ever seen.
3. 先行词同时包含人 + 物
2. We are talking about the people and places that we visited.
4. 易错点
定语从句语序不变(本身就是陈述语序),和宾语从句语序考点区分开。
四、两大从句对比辨析(表格速记)
表格
对比项
宾语从句
定语从句
位置
动词、介词之后
名词 / 代词(先行词)之后
作用
作宾语(相当于名词)
作定语(相当于形容词,翻译 “…… 的”)
引导词
that /if/whether / 特殊疑问词
who/whom/whose/which/that
语序
必须用陈述语序
本身就是陈述语序,不改变
翻译特点
直译,无 “…… 的”
常译为 “…… 的 + 名词”
例句对比例子(一眼分清)
1. I know that he likes music. (know 是动词 → 宾语从句)
2. I know the boy who likes music. (the boy 是名词 → 定语从句,译为 “那个喜欢音乐的男孩”)
五、解题做题步骤(考场通用)
1. 第一步:看前面单词 前面是动词 / 介词 → 优先考虑宾语从句,重点查:引导词 + 陈述语序 + 时态 前面是名词 → 优先考虑定语从句,重点查:关系词(人 / 物 / 特殊规则)
2. 第二步:翻译辅助 能翻译成 “…… 的” → 定语从句;直接承接动作、表 “一件事” → 宾语从句。
中考英语难点专项:宾语从句与定语从句
(满分:100分,建议用时:45分钟)
第一部分:宾语从句专项突破(共40分)
考点一:连接词的选择(that, if/whether, 疑问词)与语序
核心要点:
1. that 无词义,不充当成分,可省略。
2. if/whether 表“是否”。
3. 疑问词 (what, who, where 等) 表具体疑问。
4. 铁律:从句必须使用陈述语序(主语+谓语)。
一、单项选择(每题2分,共10分)
1. —Can you tell me ______?
—Sure. He lives next to the library.
A. where does he live
B. where he lives
C. where did he live
D. he lives where
2. I doubt ______ the plan will work, but I’ll try my best.
A. that
B. what
C. whether
D. Which
3. My mother asked me ______ I had finished my homework.
A. what
B. that
C. if
D. Which
4. No one knows ______ in the future.
A. what will happen
B. what happened
C. what will happen
D. what happens。
5. We never know ______ he wants. He always changes his mind.
A. what
B. that
C. if
D. whether
考点二:时态呼应
核心要点:
1. 主现从任意(主句现在时,从句根据句意用任何时态)。
2. 主过从必过(主句过去时,从句用相应过去时态;真理、谚语除外)。
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空(每题2分,共10分)
1. He said that light ______ (travel) faster than sound.
2. She told me she ______ (fly) to London the next month.
3. I knew she ______ (be) a teacher before she came here.
4. Dad promised he ______ (buy) me a new phone if I passed the exam.
5. The teacher asked who ______ (break) the window just now.
第二部分:定语从句专项突破(共40分)
考点三:关系代词的选择(who, whom, which, that, whose)
核心要点:
1. 先行词是“人”,作主语用 who/that,作宾语用 who/whom/that。
2. 先行词是“物”,用 which/that。
3. 表“某人的/某物的”用 whose。
中考必背:只能用 that 的情况(不定代词、序数词、最高级、人+物)。
三、用 who, which, that, whom, whose 填空(每空2分,共10分)
1. The man ______ is standing under the tree is my uncle.
2. This is the best gift ______ I have ever received.
3. Do you know the boy ______ father is a famous scientist?
4. The house ______ roof was damaged in the storm has been repaired.
5. All ______ we can do is to wait for the rescue team.
考点四:关系副词与“介词+关系代词”
核心要点:
where = in/at which (地点);
when = on/in which (时间);
why = for which (原因)。
注意: 必须是从句不缺主语/宾语,缺少状语时才能用关系副词。
四、用 where, when, why 填空(每题2分,共10分)
1. I still remember the day ______ I first met you.
2. This is the factory ______ my father used to work.
3. Can you tell me the reason ______ you were late for school?
4. The city ______ I was born has changed a lot over the years.
5.We’ll never forget the moment ______ the champion raised the trophy.
第三部分:综合辨析与易错题特训(共20分)
考点五:区别 what, that, which 的“雷区”
核心要点:
what 不能引导定语从句!
定从中用 that/which。
宾从中 what 是一个自带先行词的“复合关系词”,在宾语从句中作成分。
五、单项选择(每题2分,共10分)
1. —Do you know ______ Mary wants to see?
—Sorry, I don’t know.
A. whom
B. that
C. which
D. what
2. A library is a place ______ you can borrow books.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. when
3. My hometown is not the same ______ it used to be ten years ago. (定语从句特殊句型)
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. what
4. The news ______ she brought us was very exciting. (定语从句)
A. what
B. that
C. when
D. who
5. The news ______ our team won the game excited us. (同位语从句 vs 宾语从句辨析)
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. whether
考点六:中考长难句汉译英(每题5分,共10分)
1. 你能告诉我你昨天参观的那个博物馆在哪里吗?
(提示:宾语从句包裹定语从句)
__________________________________________________?
2. 这就是那位母亲,她的孩子在上次地震中被救了。
(提示:定语从句,whose 引导)
__________________________________________________.
参考答案与解析
第一部分
一、单项选择
1.B (考察 where 引导的宾从,陈述语序 he lives)
2.C (doubt 在肯定句中接 whether/if,表“不确定”)
3.C (询问“是否”,用 if/whether)
4. A(考察宾语从句时态。in the future 表未来,用一般将来时,正确答案应为 what will happen。)
5. A (what 在宾从中作 wants 的宾语,表示“什么东西”)
二、时态呼应
1. travels (真理、客观事实用一般现在时)
2. would fly (主过从必过,next month 对应过去将来时)
3. had been (主过从必过,before 对应过去完成时)
4. would buy (主过从必过,过去将来时)
5. had broken (just now 在 asked 之前,即“过去的过去”,用过去完成时)
第二部分
三、关系代词
1. who/that (人,作主语)
2. that (先行词有最高级 the best 修饰,只能用 that)
3. whose (表“某人的”,父亲的)
4. whose (表“某物的”,屋顶的)
5. that (先行词是 all,不定代词,只能用 that)
四、关系副词
1. when (从句 I met you 不缺宾语,缺时间状语)
2. where (从句 my father worked 不及物动词搭配 in the factory,缺地点状语)
3. why (the reason 作先行词,缺原因状语)
4. where (born 需要地点状语)
5. when (从句缺时间状语)
第三部分
五、单项选择
1. D (看到动词 see 后面缺宾语,意为“什么”,宾从中用 what)
2. C (a place 是先行词,borrow books 不缺宾语,缺地点状语,用 where)
3. C (固定句型 the same...as,as 引导定语从句)
4. B (定语从句,brought 缺宾语,指物,可以用 that 或 which;news 是物,选 that)
5. A (此题较难。the news 后面是对 news 内容的解释,完整的句子 our team won the game,这是同位语从句,连词只能用 that,且不能省略)
六、汉译英
1. Can you tell me where the museum (that/which) you visited yesterday is?
(解析:主句 Can you tell me,后面是 where 引导的宾语从句;museum 被定语从句 you visited yesterday 修饰;注意宾从语序 where ... is)
3. This is the mother whose child was saved in the last earthquake.
(解析:the mother 是先行词,whose child 引导定语从句作主语)
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