学易金卷：高二英语下学期期末模拟卷 ▪ 培优卷（上海专用）

**基本信息** 聚焦数字化影响、城市生态等时代热点，融合跨学科主题与真实语境，通过梯度化题型设计提升语言运用与思维品质，适配高二期末培优需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法词汇|20分|时态/从句/词汇语境运用|以“提笔忘字”“垂直绿化”为情境，考查语法准确性与词汇辨析| |阅读理解|约40分|细节理解/推理判断/篇章结构|选材含MIT超声取水技术、写作工具测评等前沿主题，设题需分析功能等价等抽象概念| |写作（概要/翻译/应用）|50分|信息整合/汉译英/邮件写作|概要要求概括“情绪性进食”特征，应用文需设计“民间艺术进社区”方案，强化输出能力|

2025-2026学年下学期英语期末模拟卷 姓名： 准考证号 缺考标记 注意事项 1.答题前，考生先将自已的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚。 考 黑 2. 请将准考证条码粘贴在右侧的条码粘贴处]的方框内。 笔填涂 正确 错误 3 选择题必须使甩2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑 色字迹的签字笔填号，字体工整。 1.[A][B][C][D] 2.IA1「B1[C1「D1 3.[A][B][C][DJ 4.A][B][C][D] 5.[A][B][C][D] 6.[A][B][C][D] 7.[A][B][C][D] 8.[A][B][C][D] 9.[A][B][C][D] 10.A][B][C][D] 11.A][B][C][D] 12.[A][B][C][D] 13.[A][B][C][D] 14.[A][B][C][D] 15.[A][B][C][DJ 16.[A][B][C][D] 17.[A][B][C][D] 18.[A][B][C][D] 19.[A][B][C][D] 20.[AJ[B][C][D] 31.[A][B][c][D][E][F]【G1[H][I][J][K] 32.A][B][C][D][E][F1[G][H][I][J][K] 33AJ[B][c][D][E][F][G]【H]【I][J]【K] 34.[A][B][c][D][E1[F1【G][H1[I1[J1[K] 35.[A][B][c][D][E1F][G1[H]【I]【J][KJ 36.[A][B][C][D][E1[F1[G][H1【I][J1[K] 37[A][B][c][D][E1【F1【G][H1【I1[J1[K] 38.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G][H]II][J][K] 39.[A[B][c][D]【E1[F][G1【H1II][J]IK] 4o.[A][B][c][D][E1【F][G][H1【I1[J][K] 41.[A][B][c][DJ 42.[A][B][C][D] 43.[A][B][c][D] 44.A][B][c][D] 45.[A][B][c][D] 46.[A][B][c][D1 47A][B][cJ[D] 48.[A][B][c][D] 49.[A][B][c][D1 50.A][B][c][D] 51.[A][B][C][D] 52.[A][B][C][D] 53.[A][B][c][D] 54.A][B][C][D] 55.[A][B][c][D] 47.IA][B][c][D] 56.LA][B][c][D] 57.[A][B][c][D] 58.[A][B][C][D] 59.IA][B][c][D] 60.LA][B][c][D] 61.IA][B][C][D] 62A][B][C][D] 63.[A][B][c][D] 64.[A][B][C][D] 65.IA][B][C1[D] 66.[A][B][c][D] A]B][c1ID1IE]【F可 68.IA][B][C][D][E] 11 II.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28 29. 30. IV.Summary Writing V.Translation 1. 2 3. 4. VI.Guided Writing ■ 2025-2026学年高二下学期期末模拟卷（培优卷） 英语·解析版 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. During a visit to Beijing many years ago, I had lunch with three PhD students in the Chinese Department at Peking University, all native speakers of Chinese. As I had caught a cold, I tried to write a short note to cancel an afternoon appointment, but suddenly found that I 1 not remember how to write the Chinese characters for the word “sneeze”. I asked my three friends to write it for me. To my surprise, 2 of them could do so correctly. Since Peking University is often regarded as the “Harvard of China”, the incident was striking. It is difficult to imagine three Harvard PhD students in English literature 3 (forget) how to write the English word “sneeze”. This was my first direct encounter with   4 is now widely known in China as “character amnesia”: even highly educated people are forgetting how to write common Chinese characters by hand. By the turn of the twenty-first century, the spread of the internet and the rise of a digitised information environment brought major changes to the use of Chinese characters. 5 the exponential growth of computer memory, Chinese word processing became increasingly routine and convenient. The standard QWERTY keyboard could support not only Pinyin input but also various other entry systems, enabling Chinese characters, 6 alphabetic writing, to function easily in cyberspace. Almost overnight, Chinese users adopted smartphones and tablets, relying on Pinyin input, and speech-to-text technology. Yet these advances have produced a distinctive problem: nowadays people 7 (lose) the ability to write characters by hand. Certainly, such lapses are not entirely new. Chinese has long had the expression tibiwangzi — “lift the pen, forget the character” — 8 (describe) this tendency. However, the digitally intensified version is more serious than occasionally forgetting a rare or complex character. Even highly literate people now fail to write characters in very ordinary words such as “kitchen”, “lips”, “cough”, and “broom”. 9 there have been few rigorous empirical studies, informal surveys by China Daily suggest that about 80% of respondents experience character amnesia in daily life. Some research has been launched to explore the causes, though the data remain difficult to evaluate 10 occupations and disciplines. 【答案】 1．could 2．none 3．forgetting 4．what 5．With 6．unlike 7．are losing/have lost 8．to describe 9．Although/Though/While 10．across 【导语】文章介绍随着网络与数码设备普及、拼音输入盛行，国人出现提笔忘字的现象，分析了成因、现状及相关调查情况。 【详解】1．考查情态动词。句意：由于我感冒了，我打算写一张便条取消下午的约会，却突然发现自己想不起“喷嚏”这个词的汉字该怎么写。根据主句谓语found可知，此处描述过去发现的情况，表过去“不能够”记得，用一般过去时，情态动词can用过去式could。 2．考查代词。句意：令我惊讶的是，他们三个人没有一个能正确写出这个字。前文提到三个朋友，none指代三者及以上“都不”，none of them符合“三个都没能正确写出来”的语境。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：很难想象哈佛大学三名英国文学专业的博士生会忘记“喷嚏”这个英文单词怎么拼写。固定搭配imagine (sb.) doing sth.，意为“想象某人做某事”，用forget的动名词形式forgetting，作宾语。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：这是我第一次直接接触到如今在中国广为人知的所谓“汉字失忆症”：即使是受过高等教育的人也越来越忘记如何手写常见的汉字。with后接宾语从句，从句缺主语，指代“如今被称为‘汉字失忆症’的现象”，用连接代词what来引导。 5．考查介词。句意：随着计算机内存的指数级增长，汉字文字处理变得越来越常规且便捷。介词with表伴随，意为“随着”，句首首字母需大写。 6．考查介词。句意：标准的QWERTY键盘不仅支持拼音输入，还支持多种其他输入方式，使得和字母文字不同的汉字也能在网络空间轻松运行。 此处表示“和……不同，不像”，应用介词unlike作插入语，将汉字和字母文字对。 7．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而这些进步也催生了一个独特的问题：如今人们正在逐渐丧失手写汉字的能力。空处作谓语，时间状语为nowadays，表现阶段正在持续发生的状态，用现在进行时，主语people为复数，系动词用are；“人们失去手写能力”是数字化发展带来的结果，也可用现在完成时。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：汉语中早就有“提笔忘字”这一说法，用来描述这种现象。句子已有谓语has had，空处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。 9．考查状语从句。句意：虽然严谨的实证研究寥寥无几，但《中国日报》的非正式调查显示，约八成受访者在日常生活中都有汉字失忆症的经历。空处引导让步状语从句，用although/though/while，意为“尽管”，句首首字母需大写。 10．考查介词。句意：已有相关研究着手探究其成因，但这些数据仍难以跨职业、跨学科进行评估。介词across表示“跨（不同领域）”，此处指“数据跨不同职业、学科很难评估”。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address    B．yield    C． marked    D．initially    E. potential    F. produce G. intense    H. sound    I. feature    J. harbored    K. virtually The Rise of Urban Vertical Gardening For many years, city centers have been seen as “concrete jungles,” where tall buildings covered the sky and nature was limited to small parks far away. However, by early 2026, the global urban planning plan is rapidly changing this story to fight the worsening climate problems. The landscape of modern cities is currently undergoing a(n) 11 change as scientists and architects work together to reduce the urban heat effect, a problem that has long troubled people living in big cities with very hot summer temperatures. This shift shows a change from treating green plants as simple decorations to making them a working part of building design. In many modern districts, the plain grey concrete that once covered rooftops has 12 disappeared, replaced by green vertical farms that grow on the sides of glass buildings. These gardens 13 multiple ecological roles, serving not only to provide a local source of food but also to collect used water and significantly lower the surrounding temperatures. They effectively work as a “living skin” for the city, absorbing sunlight and reducing the 14 heat trapped in narrow streets, creating a cooler and more comfortable urban environment. In the early stages of development, many urban planners and experts 15 doubts about the high costs and technical problems that these green structures were intended to 16 . People worried whether the watering systems could work well in extreme weather or if the added weight of wet soil would damage the foundations of old buildings. However, clear data collected over the past year has shown that these vertical gardens are far more 17 than people expected. They have proven to be very strong, providing a high 18 of organic food even during periods of unexpected dry weather or transport problems. The 19 for reducing a city’s carbon footprint through this method is great, especially when used with clean energy. Besides storing carbon, these green areas help birds and insects find a home in the city. Despite the great benefits of having high-quality 20 grown just a few floors away, some developers still don’t want to make the change because they are worried about money in the short term. Nevertheless, experts argue that functional green space must be treated as a necessity rather than a luxury. 【答案】 11．C 12．K 13．I 14．G 15．J 16．A 17．H 18．B 19．E 20．F 【导语】文章主要介绍了城市垂直园艺的兴起，讲述了垂直绿植农场给城市环境带来的改变、人们对此项目曾经的担忧以及它在低碳环保、粮食供给等方面的巨大潜力。 11．考查形容词。句意：随着科学家与建筑师携手缓解城市热岛效应这一长期困扰大城市居民夏季高温生活的难题，现代城市风貌正经历着显著的变化。空处修饰名词change，应用形容词，结合 as scientists and architects work together to reduce the urban heat effect可知，城市发生了显著的变化，marked表示“显著的，明显的”符合题意。 12．考查副词。句意：在很多现代化区域，曾经铺满屋顶的灰色水泥几乎已经消失，取而代之的是玻璃建筑外墙生长的绿色垂直农场。空处修饰动词disappeared，应用副词，结合replaced by green vertical farms that grow on the sides of glass buildings.可知，灰色的水泥几乎消失了，virtually表示“几乎，差不多”符合语境。 13．考查动词。句意：这些花园具备多重生态功能，不仅可以提供本地食物来源，还能收集废水并显著降低周边温度。空处作谓语，结合multiple ecological roles可知，花园具备多种功能，feature表示“具有，具备（特征、功能）”，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语gardens是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 14．考查形容词。句意：它们如同城市的一层“鲜活外衣”，吸收阳光、散去狭窄街道积聚的酷热，打造出更加凉爽舒适的城市环境。空处修饰名词heat，应用形容词，结合trapped in narrow streets可知，狭窄的街道非常热，intense表示“强烈的，酷热的”符合语境。 15．考查动词。句意：在发展初期，许多城市规划者和专家都心存疑虑，担忧这些绿色建筑想要解决的成本与技术难题。空处作谓语，harbor doubts为固定搭配，表示“心存疑虑”，结合上文 In the early stages of development可知，句子陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，harbor用过去式harbored。 16．考查动词。句意：在发展初期，许多城市规划者和专家都心存疑虑，担忧这些绿色建筑想要解决的成本与技术难题。be intended to后接动词原形，结合problems可知，此处指解决问题，address表示“解决”符合语境。 17．考查形容词。句意：然而一年的数据表明，垂直花园比人们预想的更加稳固可靠。空处作表语，结合下文 They have proven to be very strong可知，垂直花园比人们预想的要稳固，sound表示“安全的，稳固的，可靠的”符合语境。 18．考查名词。句意：它们十分坚固，即使干旱或运输受阻也能产出高产量有机食材。空处作宾语，结合organic food even during periods of unexpected dry weather or transport problems可知，此处指高产量，名词yield“产量”符合，a high yield of为固定搭配，表示“……的高产量”。 19．考查名词。句意：用这种方式降低城市碳足迹的潜力十分巨大，尤其是使用这些清洁能源。空处在句中作主语，potential表示“潜力，可能性”，符合语境。 20．考查名词。句意：尽管足不出楼就能收获优质农产品益处良多，部分开发商由于担心短期的金钱仍不愿做出改变。空处作宾语，结合上文organic food和垂直农场的背景可知，此处指农产品，produce“农产品”符合，为不可数名词。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Many people experience the “Sunday scaries”, the flood of stress many of us feel as the weekend winds down and Monday morning hangs over, especially for students and office workers. This feeling highlights a modern 21 between two mindsets: the productive mode focused on results and the leisure mode allowing genuine relaxation. Why has finding balance become so difficult? To understand this modern 22 , we can look at hunter-gatherer societies like the Ju/’hoansi of southern Africa. Studies by anthropologist James Suzman show they spent only about 17 hours a week acquiring food. They enjoyed sufficient downtime for socializing, storytelling, and games without feeling pressured to be “productive”. Their customs actively 23 status competition. 24 , when a hunter returned with a big kill, the tribe didn’t shower him with praise. Instead, they mocked the meat as “thin” or “worthless”. They downplayed a successful hunter’s kill to maintain group equality. Work was a means to meet 25 needs, not a path to endless accumulation. A key turning point was humanity’s mastery of fire. By cooking food, fire freed up time and energy that 26 the growth of our large, creative brains. However, subsequent civilizations, especially after the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions, fundamentally 27 our relationship with work and time. Two major shifts occurred. First, 28 replaced interchangeable roles. In modern economies, different jobs require specific skills and receive unequal pay, creating a culture of 29 . Second, we became 30 . Farming cycles and financial systems required planning months or years ahead. This mindset now underpins (构成基础) education and careers, where rewards are often delayed for decades. While this drive has led to immense material progress, it keeps us in a constant state of planning and striving, making it hard to 31 . Consequently, leisure becomes something that requires active 32 . Modern leisure activities are mixed with performance criteria or career-building purposes. The “Sunday scaries” symbolize this internal clash: our leisure mind 33 a productivity mind that is always measuring efficiency and future outcomes. The lesson from our deep past is not to abandon progress, but to recognize its 34 . Civilization has brought wonders but also a “problem of infinite pursuit”. True well-being may require consciously designing a life where work serves our needs without completely defining our value, and where leisure is preserved as a(an) 35 space for being rather than doing. 21．A．harmony B．conflict C．distinction D．exchange 22．A．anxiety B．crisis C．feature D．boredom 23．A．promoted B．ignored C．discouraged D．recorded 24．A．On the contrary B．As a result C．By rule D．For example 25．A．immediate B．personal C．tailored D．increasing 26．A．fueled B．blocked C．limited D．denied 27．A．simplified B．preserved C．reshaped D．forgotten 28．A．craftsmanship B．specialization C．automation D．advancement 29．A．equity B．belonging C．authenticity D．competition 30．A．backward-looking B．outward-going C．future-oriented D．progress-minded 31．A．physically active B．fully present C．truly motivated D．highly efficient 32．A．withdrawal B．transformation C．protection D．discussion 33．A．struggles against B．cooperates with C．subscribes to D．relies on 34．A．material benefit B．psychological cost C．social value D．physical price 35．A．instrumental B．negotiable C．essential D．inaccessible 【答案】 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．D 30．C 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章以现代人普遍经历的“周日焦虑”为切入点，探讨了人类社会从原始平等、低压力生活向现代竞争性、未来导向型社会演变过程中所引发的心理冲突与精神困境。 【详解】21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种情绪凸显了现代社会两种心态之间的冲突：一种是以结果为导向的“生产模式”，另一种是允许真正放松的“休闲模式”。A. harmony和谐；B. conflict冲突；C. distinction区别；D. exchange交换。根据后文“the productive mode focused on results and the leisure mode allowing genuine relaxation”可知，一种是以结果为导向的“生产模式”，另一种是允许真正放松的“休闲模式”，这两种心态是冲突的。故选B。 22．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：要理解这种现代焦虑，我们可以以南部非洲的朱胡阿希人这样的狩猎采集社会为例进行分析。A. anxiety焦虑；B. crisis危机；C. feature特征；D. boredom无聊。根据前文“Many people experience the “Sunday scaries,” the flood of stress many of us feel as the weekend winds down and Monday morning hangs over, especially for students and office workers.”可知，前文提到提到现代社会出现的“周日焦虑”，故此处用非洲南部狩猎采集来解释这场现代焦虑。故选A。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的习俗积极抑制地位竞争。A. promoted促进；B. ignored忽视；C. discouraged阻止、抑制；D. recorded记录。根据后文“when a hunter returned with a big kill, the tribe didn’t shower him with praise. Instead, they mocked the meat as “thin” or “worthless.” They downplayed a successful hunter’s kill to maintain group equality.”可知，后文举例说明部落会刻意贬低猎人的成就以维持平等，其习俗是为了抑制竞争。故选C。 24．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，当猎人带着大型猎物归来时，部落不会对他大加赞扬。A. On the contrary相反；B. As a result结果；C. By rule按规定；D. For example例如。根据后文“when a hunter returned with a big kill, the tribe didn’t shower him with praise. Instead, they mocked the meat as “thin” or “worthless.” They downplayed a successful hunter’s kill to maintain group equality.”可知，后文通过具体事例说明前文提出的“抑制竞争”的观点，为举例关系。故选D。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：工作只是满足即时需求的手段，而非无止境积累的途径。A. immediate立即的、直接的；B. personal个人的；C. tailored定制的；D. increasing增长的。根据后文“not a path to endless accumulation”可知，后文强调原始社会不追求“无止境积累”，即工作只为满足当下生存需求，也就是满足即时需求。故选A。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过烹饪食物，火解放了时间和能量，推动了人类创造性大脑的发育。A. fueled推动、助长；B. blocked阻碍；C. limited限制；D. denied否认。根据前文“By cooking food, fire freed up time and energy”可知，火解放了时间和能量，因此火的使用促进了人类进化，推动了人类创造性大脑的发育。故选A。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，随后的文明，尤其是农业革命和工业革命之后，从根本上重塑了我们与工作和时间的关系。A. simplified简化；B. preserved保存；C. reshaped重塑；D. forgotten遗忘。根据后文“Two major shifts occurred.”可知，后文提到农业和工业革命带来两大转变，强调这种关系被“重塑”。故选C。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，专业化取代了可互换的角色。A. craftsmanship工艺；B. specialization专业化；C. automation自动化；D. advancement进步。根据后文“In modern economies, different jobs require specific skills and receive unequal pay”可知，不同工作需要特定技能，故现代社会需要专业化，故专业化取代了可互换的角色。故选B。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在现代经济中，不同工作需要特定技能并获得不等报酬，形成了竞争文化。A. equity公平；B. belonging归属感；C. authenticity真实性；D. competition竞争。根据前文“different jobs require specific skills and receive unequal pay”可知，不同工作需要特定技能并获得不等报酬，因此就带来了竞争文化。故选D。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其次，我们变得面向未来。A. backward-looking向后看；B. outward-going外向的；C. future-oriented面向未来的；D. progress-minded进步思维的。根据后文“Farming cycles and financial systems required planning months or years ahead.”可知，农业周期和金融体系要求提前规划，因此现代社会的我们变得以未来为导向。故选C。 31．考查短语词义辨析。句意：虽然这种驱动力带来了巨大的物质进步，却也让我们持续处于规划和奋斗的状态，难以做到全然活在当下。A. physically active身体活跃；B. fully present全然活在当下；C. truly motivated真正有动力；D. highly efficient高效。根据前文“Farming cycles and financial systems required planning months or years ahead. This mindset now underpins (构成基础) education and careers, where rewards are often delayed for decades.”可知，农业周期和金融体系要求“提前规划”，教育回报“延迟数十年”，这导致人们总在规划未来，因此难以专注于当下。故选B。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，休闲变成了需要主动保护的事物。A. withdrawal撤退；B. transformation转变；C. protection保护；D. discussion讨论。根据前文“While this drive has led to immense material progress, it keeps us in a constant state of planning and striving, making it hard to .”可知，人们总在规划未来，因此难以专注于当下，因此休闲需要被刻意保护。故选C。 33．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“周日焦虑”象征着这种内心冲突：我们的休闲心智在对抗那个不断衡量效率和未来成果的生产力思维。A. struggles against对抗；B. cooperates with合作；C. subscribes to赞同；D. relies on依赖。根据前文“The “Sunday scaries” symbolize this internal clash”可知，周日焦虑象征着这种内心冲突，即我们的休闲心智与生产力思维之间的对抗。故选A。 34．考查名词短语辨析。句意：从远古历史中获得的启示不是放弃进步，而是认识到其心理代价。A. material benefit物质利益；B. psychological cost心理代价；C. social value社会价值；D. physical price身体代价。根据前文“Many people experience the “Sunday scaries,” the flood of stress many of us feel as the weekend winds down and Monday morning hangs over, especially for students and office workers.”可知，全文聚焦现代人心理压力、焦虑及内心冲突，且“Sunday scaries”本身属于心理现象，故在进步过程中，应该认识到其心理代价。故选B。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：真正的幸福或许需要我们有意识地设计一种生活：让工作服务于需求而不完全定义我们的价值，同时将休闲保留为一个不可或缺的“存在”空间，而非“作为”空间。A. instrumental工具性的；B. negotiable可协商的；C. essential不可或缺的；D. inaccessible难以企及的。根据前文“leisure becomes something that requires active .”可知，前文强调休闲需被“保护”，且应与功利性目的分离，此处呼应休闲的根本价值——它是健康生活必不可少的组成部分。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Imagine living in a thirsty desert where finding water means digging deep wells. What if you could pull water from the air? Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) are turning this vision into reality. Scientists have long experimented with materials that absorb moisture (水分子) from air. The challenge is efficiency. Traditional methods use sunlight to heat the material and release water — a slow process taking hours or days, which is too long in regions where every drop counts, such as deserts. The MIT team, led by Dr. Svetlana Boriskina, found a faster solution: ultrasound (超声). Instead of heat, they use high-frequency sound waves to release water in minutes. The breakthrough came from collaboration with graduate student Ikra Iftekhar Shuvo, who applied his ultrasound experience from medical devices to this problem. Ultrasound works at frequencies above human hearing. When these sound waves hit a water-filled material, they create powerful vibrations (震动) at a very small scale. These vibrations physically ‌“shake” the water loose, breaking its bond with the material far quicker than heating. The team built a device with a vibrating ring at its core. In tests, it removed water from small material samples in mere minutes. The results are striking: this method is 45 times more efficient than traditional solar heating. Crucially, unlike sun-dependent systems, the device can run multiple cycles per day, significantly boosting daily water collection. Looking ahead, the team plans to make a simple, solar-powered unit that will combine a fast-absorbing material with the ultrasound component. This system would take in and release water multiple times daily to provide a steady supply. The technology promises a sustainable water source for dry regions, offering an alternative to digging wells or desalinating seawater to get fresh water. It can be scaled for use in homes or entire towns, providing an energy-efficient solution to the global water shortage. Ultimately, this innovation shows how combining ultrasound technology with materials science can tackle pressing environmental challenges, potentially transforming life in water-short communities worldwide. 36．What is the main disadvantage of traditional water-harvesting methods in the passage? A．They only work where the air is very wet. B．They consume a large amount of electricity. C．They require expensive absorbing materials. D．They are too slow to be practical in urgent need. 37．What can be inferred about the role of Ikra Iftekhar Shuvo in the research? A．He specialized in designing solar-powered water systems. B．He discovered the most efficient water-absorbing material. C．His background in medical devices inspired the new method. D．His invention became the core component of the final device. 38．What does the underlined word ‌“desalinating” mean in paragraph 4? A．Taking salt out of seawater. B．Removing dirt from seawater. C．Heating seawater until it boils. D．Moving seawater to dry places. 39．What is the main idea of the passage? A．It discusses the medical use of ultrasound. B．It argues against using solar energy for water. C．It explores materials that absorb water from air. D．It reports a fast new device for getting water from air. 【答案】36．D 37．C 38．A 39．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了麻省理工学院的研究人员开发出一种利用超声波从空气中快速获取水的新设备，为干旱地区提供可持续的水源。 36．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Traditional methods use sunlight to heat the material and release water — a slow process taking hours or days, which is too long in regions where every drop counts, such as deserts.(传统方法利用阳光加热材料并释放水分，这是一个缓慢的过程，需要数小时或数天，在每一滴水都很重要的地区，如沙漠，这个过程太长了)”可知，传统集水方法的主要缺点是速度太慢，难以满足紧急需求。故选D项。 37．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The breakthrough came from collaboration with graduate student Ikra Iftekhar Shuvo, who applied his ultrasound experience from medical devices to this problem.(这一突破来自于与研究生Ikra Iftekhar Shuvo的合作，他将自己在医疗设备方面的超声波经验应用于这个问题)”可知，Ikra Iftekhar Shuvo的贡献在于他将医学设备领域的超声技术经验迁移至集水研究，从而启发了新方法的诞生。故选C项。 38．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“The technology promises a sustainable water source for dry regions, offering an alternative to digging wells or desalinating seawater to get fresh water.(这项技术为干旱地区提供了可持续的水源，为挖掘水井或desalinating海水以获取淡水提供了替代方案)”及常识可知，海水需经脱盐处理方能成为淡水，所以划线词desalinating意为“去除海水中的盐分”，与A项“Taking salt out of seawater.”意思一致。故选A项。 39．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“What if you could pull water from the air? Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) are turning this vision into reality.(如果你能从空气中汲取水分呢？麻省理工学院的研究人员正在将这一愿景变为现实)”和第三段中“The team built a device with a vibrating ring at its core. In tests, it removed water from small material samples in mere minutes. The results are striking: this method is 45 times more efficient than traditional solar heating.(该团队制造了一个以振动环为核心的装置。在测试中，它仅用了几分钟就从小的材料样本中去除水分。结果令人震惊：这种方法比传统的太阳能加热效率高45倍)”可知，文章主要报道了一种快速从空气中获取水的新设备。故选D项。 (B) While writing plain English is no challenge, most of us struggle to find words or phrases to perfectly fall in place with the content. To help you improve your writing skills in English, we have collected some of the best web resources dedicated to this mission. Grammarly ● Grammarly is one of the best online resources to significantly improve your vocabulary and writing. It is basically an online word processor, which goes beyond others in correcting over 250 types of English mistakes. The spell-checker and vocabulary enhancer are the standout features of Grammarly. ● Since the Grammarly app is also available for your web browser, you can simply install the extension and edit all of your Emails, social media posts, or any content that you create from your web browser. ●Although Grammarly is offered as free installation, a premium plan does exist which costs around $29. 95/month. Thesaurus ●Thesaurus is one of the vital tools that every good English writer has in their storehouse. Building on vocabulary is essential and that is what Thesaurus just offers. Thesaurus helps users by providing alternative words and phrases to perfectly express themselves. It also offers the best collection of synonyms and antonyms. ● Overuse of cliches, adverbs or bulky phrases is some examples of poor writing, which needs to be addressed. In this case, the Thesaurus has a collection of some of the most overused expressions that must be avoided in written English. ● Sharpen your English skills with this powerful online and mobile application tool for free. Hemingway App ●The Hemingway App is a wonderful web-based and desktop software to help you edit your written English. It tackles a lot of subtle differences in English writing, like very complex sentences, uses of passive voice and much more. Using Hemingway App, all of your wordy sentences are highlighted in yellow and irrelevant content in red. ● The Hemingway app also provides a readability score for the entered text, which you could use to analyze the structure of the content you’ve written and build a connection with your readers. ●Though available as a free version for web interfaces, the standalone desktop software for Mac and Windows costs $9. 99/month. 40．Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A．Grammarly is primarily focused on helping improve spelling and grammar in writing. B．Thesaurus offers a large collection of word entries to enhance vocabulary. C．The Hemingway App’s premium desktop software is available for a one-time payment of $9.99. D．The Hemingway App assigns a distinct color to each type of grammar mistake it detects in the text. 41．If you expect to objectively assess how effectively your content will connect with your readers, you are likely to turn to______. A．Grammarly B．Thesaurus C．Hemingway App D．all 42．Who are probably NOT the intended readers of this passage? A．Fiction writers looking for real life materials to spark their creativity. B．Non-native English speakers wanting to improve their writing proficiency. C．Language enthusiasts interested in exploring different web-based tools. D．Magazine editors whose role involves reviewing and polishing manuscripts. 【答案】40．B 41．C 42．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了三个提高英语写作技巧的网站。 40．细节理解题。根据“Thesaurus”下面的“Building on vocabulary is essential and that is what Thesaurus just offers. Thesaurus helps users by providing alternative words and phrases to perfectly express themselves. It also offers the best collection of synonyms and antonyms.(建立在词汇基础上是至关重要的，而这正是Thesaurus所提供的。Thesaurus通过提供可供选择的单词和短语来帮助用户完美地表达自己。它还提供了最好的同义词和反义词集合)”可知，Thesaurus提供大量的词汇词条来帮助提高词汇量。故选B。 41．细节理解题。根据“Hemingway App”下面的“The Hemingway app also provides a readability score for the entered text, which you could use to analyze the structure of the content you’ve written and build a connection with your readers.(Hemingway应用程序还为输入的文本提供可读性评分，你可以使用该评分来分析你所写内容的结构，并与读者建立联系)”可知，Hemingway应用程序可以帮助评估所写内容与读者建立联系的有效性。故选C。 42．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“To help you improve your writing skills in English, we have collected some of the best web resources dedicated to this mission.(为了帮助你提高英语写作技能，我们收集了一些专门用于此任务的最佳网络资源。)”和文中的“It is basically an online word processor, which goes beyond others in correcting over 250 types of English mistakes. The spell-checker and vocabulary enhancer are the standout features of Grammarly.(它基本上是一个在线文字处理器，在纠正250多种英语错误方面超越了其他词典。拼写检查器和词汇增强器是Grammarly的突出特点)”、“Using Hemingway App, all of your wordy sentences are highlighted in yellow and irrelevant content in red.(使用Hemingway应用程序，你所有的冗长句子都用黄色突出显示，无关内容用红色突出显示)”等可知，本篇文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高英语写作技能的网络资源，这些资源可以帮助检查拼写、提高词汇量、检查句子内容等，由此可推测出，本文的目标读者可能是想提高写作能力的非英语母语的人、对探索不同的网络工具感兴趣的语言爱好者、需要做审阅和润色稿件工作的杂志编辑。故选A。 (C) Suppose you’re preparing for a tennis match. Your mind wanders, envisioning (预想) every possible outcome. Do you picture yourself in control? Or does your imagination toy with the idea of failure? The answer matters because it could affect your confidence and, ultimately, how well you will perform in the upcoming match. Although people don’t take such moments spent in their imagination as seriously as they should, it can be just as vital as any physical practice, directly impacting your chances of success. This is especially the case in high-pressure situations where what’s happening inside your mind outweighs what’s happening outside. Your imagination shapes how you interpret the world around you and is capable of causing the same physiological (生理的) and emotional responses that are caused by external, real-life events. To take just one example, just as emotional pictures and sounds can cause the pupils to widen, so can emotional mental images in the mind. Another phenomenon highlighting the significance of the imagination is called functional equivalence (相等), which refers to the way the brain doesn’t always distinguish between imagining an action and physically doing it. For instance, when athletes vividly imagine running a race or sinking a basket, their brain scans reveal that the same neural circuits (神经回路) are activated as if they were physically performing the task. Other research with athletes using functional MRI (磁共振成像) has shown that mental practice engages regions of the brain involved in controlling the body and also activates areas linked to focus, motivation and emotional regulation. The principle of functional equivalence extends beyond sports. In one study, pianists were asked to picture moving their fingers across the keys, hearing the tune, and seeing the sheet music. Astonishingly, the same motor areas in their brains lit up as when they actually played. Many studies like this have proved the connection between mental imagery and real-world performance. Whether you’re aiming to build confidence or prepare for a challenge, using your imagination with more intention could make all the difference. The key is to switch your mental channel to an image of capability, control and empowerment. 43．How does the author start the text? A．By giving a definition. B．By explaining an opinion. C．By sharing an experience. D．By presenting a context. 44．In which aspect is mental imagery the same as actual occurrences according to the text? A．Requiring body movements. B．Causing emotional responses. C．Affecting physical functions. D．Strengthening visual reactions. 45．In which case may functional equivalence occur? A．A doctor envisions the procedure of an operation. B．A learner conducts a discussion with a professor. C．A pianist videos finger movements for perfection. D．A speaker practices a deep breath before a speech. 46．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Positive emotion brightens your life. B．Imagination promotes your creativity. C．Mental imagery increases your success. D．Physical practice unlocks your potential. 【答案】43．D 44．B 45．A 46．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了心理意象（想象）对现实表现的影响，强调利用想象力可以提升成功几率。 43．推理判断题。根据第一段“Suppose you’re preparing for a tennis match. Your mind wanders, envisioning (预想) every possible outcome. (假设你正在为一场网球比赛做准备，思绪飘忽，预想每一种可能的结果)”可知，作者通过描述一个准备网球比赛的场景来引入话题。故选D。 44．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Your imagination shapes how you interpret the world around you and is capable of causing the same physiological (生理的) and emotional responses that are caused by external, real-life events. (你的想象力塑造了你对周围世界的理解，并能引起与外部现实生活事件所引起的相同的生理和情感反应)”可知，心理意象与实际事件在“引起情绪反应”方面具有一致性。故选B。 45．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Another phenomenon highlighting the significance of the imagination is called functional equivalence (相等), which refers to the way the brain doesn’t always distinguish between imagining an action and physically doing it.(另一个突出想象力重要性的现象称为功能等同，指大脑并不总是能区分想象一个动作和实际执行它)”及“Other research with athletes using functional MRI (磁共振成像) has shown that mental practice engages regions of the brain involved in controlling the body and also activates areas linked to focus, motivation and emotional regulation.(其他对运动员使用功能性磁共振成像的研究表明，心理练习会激活大脑中控制身体的区域，也会激活与专注、动机和情绪调节相关的区域)”可知，该理论适用于“想象某动作时大脑激活与实际执行相同神经回路”的场景。A选项“医生设想手术流程”符合“想象动作”且未实际执行的情境，符合功能等同理论。故选A。 46．主旨大意题。文章开篇以准备网球比赛时的心理活动为例，引出想象力对实际表现有影响这一话题，接着阐述“功能等同”现象，即大脑对想象动作和实际动作的反应相似以及最后一段“Many studies like this have proved the connection between mental imagery and real-world performance. Whether you’re aiming to build confidence or prepare for a challenge, using your imagination with more intention could make all the difference. (许多这样的研究已经证明了心理意象和现实世界表现之间的联系。无论你是想要建立信心还是为挑战做准备，更有意图地运用你的想象力可能会产生很大的不同)”都表明了心理意象对成功有推动作用。C选项“心理意象助推成功”最符合文章主旨，是合适的标题。故选C。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Why some people keep making the same bad decisions People constantly take in information from their surroundings, including visual details and background sounds. Over time, the brain learns to connect these cues with what usually happens next. For example, a familiar sign, sound, or setting can signal whether a choice is likely to lead to a reward or a negative outcome. This process is known as associative learning, which simply means learning through repeated connections between cues and results. In everyday life, this kind of learning helps people make faster and often better decisions. 47 For people with compulsive disorders, addictions, or anxiety, these learned associations can become overly powerful. Instead of serving as helpful guides, cues may start to dominate decision making. Individuals may feel pulled toward certain sights or sounds or strongly driven to avoid them, even when doing so leads to poor outcomes. To better understand how this happens, Giuseppe di Pellegrino of the University of Bologna led a study focused on how people learn from cues and how this learning can sometimes go wrong. The research examined maladaptive decision making, which refers to choices that continue to cause harm or disadvantage despite repeated negative consequences. As described in their JNeurosci paper, the researchers found that people differ widely in how much they rely on environmental cues when making decisions. 48 The study also revealed an important problem for those who are highly cue driven. 49 They may have difficulty updating their beliefs about what those cues mean and unlearning old associations that no longer apply. In practical terms, this means the brain keeps responding as if nothing has changed, even when the situation clearly has. As a result, disadvantageous decision making can persist over time. 50 A．This learning can sometimes lead people off the beaten track. B．Some individuals depend heavily on surrounding visuals and sounds to guide their choices, while others rely on them far less. C．However, this system does not work the same way for everyone. D．They fail to sense the changes in themselves. E．When familiar cues start to signal riskier or less favorable outcomes, these individuals often struggle to adjust. F．Instead of adapting to new information, people may repeat the same risky or harmful choices again and again. 【答案】47．C 48．B 49．E 50．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍联想学习对决策的作用，部分人受环境线索影响过深致决策失误，及相关研究发现与结果。 47．根据上文“In everyday life, this kind of learning helps people make faster and often better decisions. (在日常生活中，这种学习有助于人们更快、通常也更好地做出决策。)”以及下文“For people with compulsive disorders, addictions, or anxiety, these learned associations can become overly powerful. (对于有强迫症、成瘾症或焦虑症的人来说，这些习得的联想可能会变得过于强烈。)” 可知，此处应体现转折，说明这种学习并非对所有人都同样有效，C选项“However, this system does not work the same way for everyone. 然而，这个系统对每个人的作用方式并不相同。)”中的this system指代上文的联想学习机制，既呼应上文的积极作用，又引出下文的特殊情况，符合语境。故选C项。 48．根据上文“The research examined maladaptive decision making, which refers to choices that continue to cause harm or disadvantage despite repeated negative consequences. As described in their JNeurosci paper, the researchers found that people differ widely in how much they rely on environmental cues when making decisions. (该研究调查了适应性不良决策，即尽管反复出现负面后果，仍持续造成伤害或不利的选择。正如他们在《JNeurosci》期刊上所描述的，研究人员发现，人们在做决策时对环境线索的依赖程度差异很大。)”可知，此处应具体说明这种差异，B选项“Some individuals depend heavily on surrounding visuals and sounds to guide their choices, while others rely on them far less. (有些人严重依赖周围的视觉和声音来指导自己的选择，而另一些人则依赖程度低得多。)”直接呼应上文的differ widely in how much they rely on environmental cues，符合语境。故选B项。 49．根据上文“The study also revealed an important problem for those who are highly cue driven. (该研究还揭示了一个对于那些高度受线索驱动的人的重要问题。)”以及下文“They may have difficulty updating their beliefs about what those cues mean and unlearning old associations that no longer apply. (他们可能难以更新对这些线索含义的认知，也难以忘却那些不再适用的旧联想。)”可知，此处应说明高度受线索驱动的人面临的具体问题，E选项“When familiar cues start to signal riskier or less favorable outcomes, these individuals often struggle to adjust. (当熟悉的线索开始预示更危险或更不利的结果时，这些人往往难以调整。)”中的these individuals指代上文的those who are highly cue driven，struggle to adjust与下文的 have difficulty updating their beliefs相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。 50．根据上文“As a result, disadvantageous decision making can persist over time. (因此，不利的决策会随着时间的推移而持续存在。)”可知，此处应说明不利决策持续存在的具体表现，F选项“Instead of adapting to new information, people may repeat the same risky or harmful choices again and again. (人们可能不会适应新信息，而是一再重复同样的危险或有害选择。)”承接上文disadvantageous decision making can persist，且与文章标题Why some people keep making the same bad decisions相呼应，符合语境。故选F项。 IV.Summary Writing 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What Is Emotional Eating? Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of to satisfy hunger. We’ve all been there, finishing a whole bag of chips out of boredom or downing cookie after cookie while preparing for a big test. But when done a lot — especially without realizing it — emotional eating can affect weight, health, and overall well-being. Not many of us make the connection between eating and our feelings. But understanding what drives emotional eating can help people take steps to change it. One of the biggest myths about emotional eating is that it’s caused by negative feelings. Yes, people often turn to food when they’re stressed out, lonely, sad, anxious, or bored. But emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too, like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine’s Day or the celebration of a holiday feast. Sometimes emotional eating is tied to major life events, like a death or a divorce. More often, though, it’s the countless little daily stresses that cause someone to seek comfort or distraction in food. Emotional eating patterns can be learned: A child who is given candy after a big achievement may grow up using candy as a reward for a job well done. A kid who is given cookies as a way to stop crying may learn to link cookies with comfort. It’s not easy to “unlearn” patterns of emotional eating. But it is possible. And it starts with an awareness of what’s going on. We’re all emotional eaters to some extent (who hasn’t suddenly found room for dessert after a filling dinner?). But for some people, emotional eating can be a real problem, causing serious weight gain. The trouble with emotional eating (aside from the health issues) is that once the pleasure of eating is gone, the feelings that cause it remain. And you often may feel worse about eating the amount or type of food you did. That’s why it helps to know the differences between physical hunger and emotional hunger. Next time you reach for a snack, check in and see which type of hunger is driving it. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Emotional eating can be harmful to people’s fitness. Generally, it’s produced by both negative and positive emotions, or even devastating blows, which, however, is mainly caused by numerous pressures in everyday life. We easily slide into emotional eating patterns, but we can avoid it if we have an insight into the real cause. To get rid of the troublesome results of emotional eating, we should learn to distinguish physical hunger from emotional hunger. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情绪性进食是人们用食物应对情绪而非满足饥饿的行为，频繁为之会影响健康，还说明了其与正负情绪、日常压力的关联及形成的习得性模式，指出认识这种行为并区分生理与情绪饥饿有助于改变。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Emotional eating, which is using food to deal with feelings instead of hunger, can be harmful to health when done frequently unconsciously. ②It is caused by not only negative feelings but also positive ones, and more often by daily stresses, sometimes major life events. ③Emotional eating patterns are learned and hard to unlearn, but possible with awareness. ④Distinguishing physical hunger from emotional hunger helps address its troublesome results. 2. 缜密构思 将第①点作为总起句，点明情绪性进食的定义及危害；将第②点作为其产生的原因（正负情绪及日常压力等）；将第③、④点整合为改变这种行为的可能性及方法（了解原因、区分两种饥饿）。 3. 遣词造句 Emotional eating can be harmful to people’s fitness. Generally, it’s produced by both negative and positive emotions, or even devastating blows, which, however, is mainly caused by numerous pressures in everyday life. We easily slide into emotional eating patterns, but we can avoid it if we have an insight into the real cause. To get rid of the troublesome results of emotional eating, we should learn to distinguish physical hunger from emotional hunger. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Generally, it’s produced by both negative and positive emotions, or even devastating blows, which, however, is mainly caused by numerous pressures in everyday life.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] We easily slide into emotional eating patterns, but we can avoid it if we have an insight into the real cause.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．我们最好每个月留出一定数额的钱, 以防紧急情况发生。(in case) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We’d better set aside a certain amount of money every month in case emergency occurs. 【详解】考查固定短语。分析句子可知，主语为we，“留出”可用set aside表示，宾语为money，in case作短语连词，后接状语从句。再根据其他汉语提示。故翻译为：We’d better set aside a certain amount of money every month in case emergency occurs. 53．我本不应该浪费我的时间的，我现在感到很后悔。(regretful) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I shouldn’t have wasted my time, and now I feel very regretful. 【详解】考查虚拟语气。表示“我”应用I；表示“本不应该做某事”应用shouldn’t have done；表示“浪费”应用waste；表示“我的时间”应用my time；表示“现在”应用now；表示“感觉”应用feel，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词用原形；表示“很后悔”应用very regretful，此处为并列的两句话，应用连词and连接。故翻译成：I shouldn’t have wasted my time, and now I feel very regretful. 54．这座古镇传统建筑保存完好，特色小吃随处可见，令我印象深刻。(where) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The ancient town, where the traditional buildings are well preserved and the specialties are everywhere to be seen, impressed me a lot. 【详解】考查定语从句、时态、非谓语动词。   表示“古镇”用“ancient town”；“传统建筑”译为 “traditional buildings”，“保存完好”用被动结构“be well preserved”；“特色小吃”可译为“specialty snacks”；“随处可见”用“can be seen everywhere”。 用非限制性定语从句修饰先行词“the ancient town”，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，从句内部用并列结构“the traditional buildings are well preserved”和“the specialty snacks can be seen everywhere”，主句谓语“令我印象深刻”可翻译为“impress me deeply”，采用一般过去时，强调动作发生在过去，故翻译为The ancient town, where the traditional buildings are well preserved and the specialties are everywhere to be seen, impressed me a lot. 55．制造商声称，这款即将发布的电动汽车具有自动驾驶功能，可语音控制，一次充电仅需12分钟，就可以行驶600公里。(claim) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The manufacturer claims that the EV to be launched features autonomous driving, voice control, and can travel 600 km on a single charge that takes only 12 minutes. 【详解】考查宾语从句、定语从句、非谓语动词、名词、动词和形容词。句子在介绍当前的情况，时态宜用一般现在时，整个句子可处理为主从复合句；主句的主语“制造商”可用名词the manufacturer，谓语“声称”可用动词claim，后面为claim的具体内容，可用that引导宾语从句；宾语从句中主语“这款电动汽车”可用名词the EV，“即将发布的”可用不定式被动语态to be launched，作the EV的后置定语，第一个谓语“具有……功能”可用动词feature，“自动驾驶”可用名词短语autonomous driving，“语音控制”可用名词短语voice control，第二个谓语“可以行驶”可用情态动词can和动词travel搭配，“600公里”可用600 km，“一次充电”可用介词短语on a single charge，“仅需12分钟”是对“充电”的修饰，可用that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a single charge；定语从句中that代替先行词作主语，“仅需12分钟”可用动词take和名词短语only 12 minutes搭配。故可译为The manufacturer claims that the EV to be launched features autonomous driving, voice control, and can travel 600 km on a single charge that takes only 12 minutes. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的学生李明，今年暑假学校将开展“传统民间艺术进社区”主题活动，并且该活动由你所在的校志愿者社团承办。请给社团主席以邮件形式写一份活动策划方案。内容包括： 1. 活动针对的人群、地点； 2. 活动的主要内容及其意义。 民间艺术：folk art ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Dear Sir/ Madam, I’m writing to propose a plan for our upcoming “Traditional Folk Art into the Community” event this summer. The activity will target local residents, especially children and elderly people, and will take place in our school hall and nearby community centers. We can invite folk artists to demonstrate paper-cutting, clay sculpture, and traditional painting. There will also be interactive workshops where participants can create their own artworks. This event will not only help preserve traditional culture and promote community bonding, but also raise public awareness of Chinese folk art. It’s a great opportunity for volunteers to contribute to cultural education as well. Looking forward to your feedback. Best regards, Li Ming 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以明启中学学生李明的身份，给校志愿者社团主席写邮件，提交“传统民间艺术进社区”主题活动的策划方案，内容需涵盖活动针对的人群与地点、主要内容及其意义。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 提议：propose→put forward 针对：target→be aimed at 展示：demonstrate→show 促进：promote→boost 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to propose a plan for our upcoming “Traditional Folk Art into the Community” event this summer. 拓展句：I’m writing to propose a plan for our upcoming event this summer, whose theme is “Traditional Folk Art into the Community”. 【点睛】【高分句型1】There will also be interactive workshops where participants can create their own artworks.（运用了where引导的定语从句修饰workshops） 【高分句型2】This event will not only help preserve traditional culture and promote community bonding, but also raise public awareness of Chinese folk art. （运用了“not only…but also…”连接并列结构） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高二下学期期末模拟卷（培优卷） 参考答案及评分标准 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 B A C D A A C B D C 题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 答案 B C A B C D C A D B 题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 答案 C A D B A C C B E F II．Grammar and Vocabulary （20%） Section A 1．could 2．none 3．forgetting 4．what 5．With 6．unlike 7．are losing/have lost 8．to describe 9．Although/Though/While 10．across Section B 11．C 12．K 13．I 14．G 15．J 16．A 17．H 18．B 19．E 20．F III．Reading Comprehension （45%） Section A 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．D 30．C 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．C Section B 36．D 37．C 38．A 39．D 40．B 41．C 42．A 43．D 44．B 45．A 46．C Section C 47．C 48．B 49．E 50．F IV．概要写作（10%） One possible version: 51．One possible version: Emotional eating can be harmful to people’s fitness. Generally, it’s produced by both negative and positive emotions, or even devastating blows, which, however, is mainly caused by numerous pressures in everyday life. We easily slide into emotional eating patterns, but we can avoid it if we have an insight into the real cause. To get rid of the troublesome results of emotional eating, we should learn to distinguish physical hunger from emotional hunger. V. Translation （15%） 52．We’d better set aside a certain amount of money every month in case emergency occurs. 53．I shouldn’t have wasted my time, and now I feel very regretful. 54．The ancient town, where the traditional buildings are well preserved and the specialties are everywhere to be seen, impressed me a lot. 55．The manufacturer claims that the EV to be launched features autonomous driving, voice control, and can travel 600 km on a single charge that takes only 12 minutes. VI. Guided Writing （25%） 56．One possible version: Dear Sir/ Madam, I’m writing to propose a plan for our upcoming “Traditional Folk Art into the Community” event this summer. The activity will target local residents, especially children and elderly people, and will take place in our school hall and nearby community centers. We can invite folk artists to demonstrate paper-cutting, clay sculpture, and traditional painting. There will also be interactive workshops where participants can create their own artworks. This event will not only help preserve traditional culture and promote community bonding, but also raise public awareness of Chinese folk art. It’s a great opportunity for volunteers to contribute to cultural education as well. Looking forward to your feedback. Best regards, Li Ming 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2025-2026学年高二下学期期末模拟卷（培优卷） 英语·考试版 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. During a visit to Beijing many years ago, I had lunch with three PhD students in the Chinese Department at Peking University, all native speakers of Chinese. As I had caught a cold, I tried to write a short note to cancel an afternoon appointment, but suddenly found that I 1 not remember how to write the Chinese characters for the word “sneeze”. I asked my three friends to write it for me. To my surprise, 2 of them could do so correctly. Since Peking University is often regarded as the “Harvard of China”, the incident was striking. It is difficult to imagine three Harvard PhD students in English literature 3 (forget) how to write the English word “sneeze”. This was my first direct encounter with   4 is now widely known in China as “character amnesia”: even highly educated people are forgetting how to write common Chinese characters by hand. By the turn of the twenty-first century, the spread of the internet and the rise of a digitised information environment brought major changes to the use of Chinese characters. 5 the exponential growth of computer memory, Chinese word processing became increasingly routine and convenient. The standard QWERTY keyboard could support not only Pinyin input but also various other entry systems, enabling Chinese characters, 6 alphabetic writing, to function easily in cyberspace. Almost overnight, Chinese users adopted smartphones and tablets, relying on Pinyin input, and speech-to-text technology. Yet these advances have produced a distinctive problem: nowadays people 7 (lose) the ability to write characters by hand. Certainly, such lapses are not entirely new. Chinese has long had the expression tibiwangzi — “lift the pen, forget the character” — 8 (describe) this tendency. However, the digitally intensified version is more serious than occasionally forgetting a rare or complex character. Even highly literate people now fail to write characters in very ordinary words such as “kitchen”, “lips”, “cough”, and “broom”. 9 there have been few rigorous empirical studies, informal surveys by China Daily suggest that about 80% of respondents experience character amnesia in daily life. Some research has been launched to explore the causes, though the data remain difficult to evaluate 10 occupations and disciplines. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address    B．yield    C． marked    D．initially    E. potential    F. produce G. intense    H. sound    I. feature    J. harbored    K. virtually The Rise of Urban Vertical Gardening For many years, city centers have been seen as “concrete jungles,” where tall buildings covered the sky and nature was limited to small parks far away. However, by early 2026, the global urban planning plan is rapidly changing this story to fight the worsening climate problems. The landscape of modern cities is currently undergoing a(n) 11 change as scientists and architects work together to reduce the urban heat effect, a problem that has long troubled people living in big cities with very hot summer temperatures. This shift shows a change from treating green plants as simple decorations to making them a working part of building design. In many modern districts, the plain grey concrete that once covered rooftops has 12 disappeared, replaced by green vertical farms that grow on the sides of glass buildings. These gardens 13 multiple ecological roles, serving not only to provide a local source of food but also to collect used water and significantly lower the surrounding temperatures. They effectively work as a “living skin” for the city, absorbing sunlight and reducing the 14 heat trapped in narrow streets, creating a cooler and more comfortable urban environment. In the early stages of development, many urban planners and experts 15 doubts about the high costs and technical problems that these green structures were intended to 16 . People worried whether the watering systems could work well in extreme weather or if the added weight of wet soil would damage the foundations of old buildings. However, clear data collected over the past year has shown that these vertical gardens are far more 17 than people expected. They have proven to be very strong, providing a high 18 of organic food even during periods of unexpected dry weather or transport problems. The 19 for reducing a city’s carbon footprint through this method is great, especially when used with clean energy. Besides storing carbon, these green areas help birds and insects find a home in the city. Despite the great benefits of having high-quality 20 grown just a few floors away, some developers still don’t want to make the change because they are worried about money in the short term. Nevertheless, experts argue that functional green space must be treated as a necessity rather than a luxury. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Many people experience the “Sunday scaries”, the flood of stress many of us feel as the weekend winds down and Monday morning hangs over, especially for students and office workers. This feeling highlights a modern 21 between two mindsets: the productive mode focused on results and the leisure mode allowing genuine relaxation. Why has finding balance become so difficult? To understand this modern 22 , we can look at hunter-gatherer societies like the Ju/’hoansi of southern Africa. Studies by anthropologist James Suzman show they spent only about 17 hours a week acquiring food. They enjoyed sufficient downtime for socializing, storytelling, and games without feeling pressured to be “productive”. Their customs actively 23 status competition. 24 , when a hunter returned with a big kill, the tribe didn’t shower him with praise. Instead, they mocked the meat as “thin” or “worthless”. They downplayed a successful hunter’s kill to maintain group equality. Work was a means to meet 25 needs, not a path to endless accumulation. A key turning point was humanity’s mastery of fire. By cooking food, fire freed up time and energy that 26 the growth of our large, creative brains. However, subsequent civilizations, especially after the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions, fundamentally 27 our relationship with work and time. Two major shifts occurred. First, 28 replaced interchangeable roles. In modern economies, different jobs require specific skills and receive unequal pay, creating a culture of 29 . Second, we became 30 . Farming cycles and financial systems required planning months or years ahead. This mindset now underpins (构成基础) education and careers, where rewards are often delayed for decades. While this drive has led to immense material progress, it keeps us in a constant state of planning and striving, making it hard to 31 . Consequently, leisure becomes something that requires active 32 . Modern leisure activities are mixed with performance criteria or career-building purposes. The “Sunday scaries” symbolize this internal clash: our leisure mind 33 a productivity mind that is always measuring efficiency and future outcomes. The lesson from our deep past is not to abandon progress, but to recognize its 34 . Civilization has brought wonders but also a “problem of infinite pursuit”. True well-being may require consciously designing a life where work serves our needs without completely defining our value, and where leisure is preserved as a(an) 35 space for being rather than doing. 21．A．harmony B．conflict C．distinction D．exchange 22．A．anxiety B．crisis C．feature D．boredom 23．A．promoted B．ignored C．discouraged D．recorded 24．A．On the contrary B．As a result C．By rule D．For example 25．A．immediate B．personal C．tailored D．increasing 26．A．fueled B．blocked C．limited D．denied 27．A．simplified B．preserved C．reshaped D．forgotten 28．A．craftsmanship B．specialization C．automation D．advancement 29．A．equity B．belonging C．authenticity D．competition 30．A．backward-looking B．outward-going C．future-oriented D．progress-minded 31．A．physically active B．fully present C．truly motivated D．highly efficient 32．A．withdrawal B．transformation C．protection D．discussion 33．A．struggles against B．cooperates with C．subscribes to D．relies on 34．A．material benefit B．psychological cost C．social value D．physical price 35．A．instrumental B．negotiable C．essential D．inaccessible Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Imagine living in a thirsty desert where finding water means digging deep wells. What if you could pull water from the air? Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) are turning this vision into reality. Scientists have long experimented with materials that absorb moisture (水分子) from air. The challenge is efficiency. Traditional methods use sunlight to heat the material and release water — a slow process taking hours or days, which is too long in regions where every drop counts, such as deserts. The MIT team, led by Dr. Svetlana Boriskina, found a faster solution: ultrasound (超声). Instead of heat, they use high-frequency sound waves to release water in minutes. The breakthrough came from collaboration with graduate student Ikra Iftekhar Shuvo, who applied his ultrasound experience from medical devices to this problem. Ultrasound works at frequencies above human hearing. When these sound waves hit a water-filled material, they create powerful vibrations (震动) at a very small scale. These vibrations physically ‌“shake” the water loose, breaking its bond with the material far quicker than heating. The team built a device with a vibrating ring at its core. In tests, it removed water from small material samples in mere minutes. The results are striking: this method is 45 times more efficient than traditional solar heating. Crucially, unlike sun-dependent systems, the device can run multiple cycles per day, significantly boosting daily water collection. Looking ahead, the team plans to make a simple, solar-powered unit that will combine a fast-absorbing material with the ultrasound component. This system would take in and release water multiple times daily to provide a steady supply. The technology promises a sustainable water source for dry regions, offering an alternative to digging wells or desalinating seawater to get fresh water. It can be scaled for use in homes or entire towns, providing an energy-efficient solution to the global water shortage. Ultimately, this innovation shows how combining ultrasound technology with materials science can tackle pressing environmental challenges, potentially transforming life in water-short communities worldwide. 36．What is the main disadvantage of traditional water-harvesting methods in the passage? A．They only work where the air is very wet. B．They consume a large amount of electricity. C．They require expensive absorbing materials. D．They are too slow to be practical in urgent need. 37．What can be inferred about the role of Ikra Iftekhar Shuvo in the research? A．He specialized in designing solar-powered water systems. B．He discovered the most efficient water-absorbing material. C．His background in medical devices inspired the new method. D．His invention became the core component of the final device. 38．What does the underlined word ‌“desalinating” mean in paragraph 4? A．Taking salt out of seawater. B．Removing dirt from seawater. C．Heating seawater until it boils. D．Moving seawater to dry places. 39．What is the main idea of the passage? A．It discusses the medical use of ultrasound. B．It argues against using solar energy for water. C．It explores materials that absorb water from air. D．It reports a fast new device for getting water from air. (B) While writing plain English is no challenge, most of us struggle to find words or phrases to perfectly fall in place with the content. To help you improve your writing skills in English, we have collected some of the best web resources dedicated to this mission. Grammarly ● Grammarly is one of the best online resources to significantly improve your vocabulary and writing. It is basically an online word processor, which goes beyond others in correcting over 250 types of English mistakes. The spell-checker and vocabulary enhancer are the standout features of Grammarly. ● Since the Grammarly app is also available for your web browser, you can simply install the extension and edit all of your Emails, social media posts, or any content that you create from your web browser. ●Although Grammarly is offered as free installation, a premium plan does exist which costs around $29. 95/month. Thesaurus ●Thesaurus is one of the vital tools that every good English writer has in their storehouse. Building on vocabulary is essential and that is what Thesaurus just offers. Thesaurus helps users by providing alternative words and phrases to perfectly express themselves. It also offers the best collection of synonyms and antonyms. ● Overuse of cliches, adverbs or bulky phrases is some examples of poor writing, which needs to be addressed. In this case, the Thesaurus has a collection of some of the most overused expressions that must be avoided in written English. ● Sharpen your English skills with this powerful online and mobile application tool for free. Hemingway App ●The Hemingway App is a wonderful web-based and desktop software to help you edit your written English. It tackles a lot of subtle differences in English writing, like very complex sentences, uses of passive voice and much more. Using Hemingway App, all of your wordy sentences are highlighted in yellow and irrelevant content in red. ● The Hemingway app also provides a readability score for the entered text, which you could use to analyze the structure of the content you’ve written and build a connection with your readers. ●Though available as a free version for web interfaces, the standalone desktop software for Mac and Windows costs $9. 99/month. 40．Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A．Grammarly is primarily focused on helping improve spelling and grammar in writing. B．Thesaurus offers a large collection of word entries to enhance vocabulary. C．The Hemingway App’s premium desktop software is available for a one-time payment of $9.99. D．The Hemingway App assigns a distinct color to each type of grammar mistake it detects in the text. 41．If you expect to objectively assess how effectively your content will connect with your readers, you are likely to turn to______. A．Grammarly B．Thesaurus C．Hemingway App D．all 42．Who are probably NOT the intended readers of this passage? A．Fiction writers looking for real life materials to spark their creativity. B．Non-native English speakers wanting to improve their writing proficiency. C．Language enthusiasts interested in exploring different web-based tools. D．Magazine editors whose role involves reviewing and polishing manuscripts. (C) Suppose you’re preparing for a tennis match. Your mind wanders, envisioning (预想) every possible outcome. Do you picture yourself in control? Or does your imagination toy with the idea of failure? The answer matters because it could affect your confidence and, ultimately, how well you will perform in the upcoming match. Although people don’t take such moments spent in their imagination as seriously as they should, it can be just as vital as any physical practice, directly impacting your chances of success. This is especially the case in high-pressure situations where what’s happening inside your mind outweighs what’s happening outside. Your imagination shapes how you interpret the world around you and is capable of causing the same physiological (生理的) and emotional responses that are caused by external, real-life events. To take just one example, just as emotional pictures and sounds can cause the pupils to widen, so can emotional mental images in the mind. Another phenomenon highlighting the significance of the imagination is called functional equivalence (相等), which refers to the way the brain doesn’t always distinguish between imagining an action and physically doing it. For instance, when athletes vividly imagine running a race or sinking a basket, their brain scans reveal that the same neural circuits (神经回路) are activated as if they were physically performing the task. Other research with athletes using functional MRI (磁共振成像) has shown that mental practice engages regions of the brain involved in controlling the body and also activates areas linked to focus, motivation and emotional regulation. The principle of functional equivalence extends beyond sports. In one study, pianists were asked to picture moving their fingers across the keys, hearing the tune, and seeing the sheet music. Astonishingly, the same motor areas in their brains lit up as when they actually played. Many studies like this have proved the connection between mental imagery and real-world performance. Whether you’re aiming to build confidence or prepare for a challenge, using your imagination with more intention could make all the difference. The key is to switch your mental channel to an image of capability, control and empowerment. 43．How does the author start the text? A．By giving a definition. B．By explaining an opinion. C．By sharing an experience. D．By presenting a context. 44．In which aspect is mental imagery the same as actual occurrences according to the text? A．Requiring body movements. B．Causing emotional responses. C．Affecting physical functions. D．Strengthening visual reactions. 45．In which case may functional equivalence occur? A．A doctor envisions the procedure of an operation. B．A learner conducts a discussion with a professor. C．A pianist videos finger movements for perfection. D．A speaker practices a deep breath before a speech. 46．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Positive emotion brightens your life. B．Imagination promotes your creativity. C．Mental imagery increases your success. D．Physical practice unlocks your potential. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Why some people keep making the same bad decisions People constantly take in information from their surroundings, including visual details and background sounds. Over time, the brain learns to connect these cues with what usually happens next. For example, a familiar sign, sound, or setting can signal whether a choice is likely to lead to a reward or a negative outcome. This process is known as associative learning, which simply means learning through repeated connections between cues and results. In everyday life, this kind of learning helps people make faster and often better decisions. 47 For people with compulsive disorders, addictions, or anxiety, these learned associations can become overly powerful. Instead of serving as helpful guides, cues may start to dominate decision making. Individuals may feel pulled toward certain sights or sounds or strongly driven to avoid them, even when doing so leads to poor outcomes. To better understand how this happens, Giuseppe di Pellegrino of the University of Bologna led a study focused on how people learn from cues and how this learning can sometimes go wrong. The research examined maladaptive decision making, which refers to choices that continue to cause harm or disadvantage despite repeated negative consequences. As described in their JNeurosci paper, the researchers found that people differ widely in how much they rely on environmental cues when making decisions. 48 The study also revealed an important problem for those who are highly cue driven. 49 They may have difficulty updating their beliefs about what those cues mean and unlearning old associations that no longer apply. In practical terms, this means the brain keeps responding as if nothing has changed, even when the situation clearly has. As a result, disadvantageous decision making can persist over time. 50 A．This learning can sometimes lead people off the beaten track. B．Some individuals depend heavily on surrounding visuals and sounds to guide their choices, while others rely on them far less. C．However, this system does not work the same way for everyone. D．They fail to sense the changes in themselves. E．When familiar cues start to signal riskier or less favorable outcomes, these individuals often struggle to adjust. F．Instead of adapting to new information, people may repeat the same risky or harmful choices again and again. IV.Summary Writing 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What Is Emotional Eating? Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of to satisfy hunger. We’ve all been there, finishing a whole bag of chips out of boredom or downing cookie after cookie while preparing for a big test. But when done a lot — especially without realizing it — emotional eating can affect weight, health, and overall well-being. Not many of us make the connection between eating and our feelings. But understanding what drives emotional eating can help people take steps to change it. One of the biggest myths about emotional eating is that it’s caused by negative feelings. Yes, people often turn to food when they’re stressed out, lonely, sad, anxious, or bored. But emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too, like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine’s Day or the celebration of a holiday feast. Sometimes emotional eating is tied to major life events, like a death or a divorce. More often, though, it’s the countless little daily stresses that cause someone to seek comfort or distraction in food. Emotional eating patterns can be learned: A child who is given candy after a big achievement may grow up using candy as a reward for a job well done. A kid who is given cookies as a way to stop crying may learn to link cookies with comfort. It’s not easy to “unlearn” patterns of emotional eating. But it is possible. And it starts with an awareness of what’s going on. We’re all emotional eaters to some extent (who hasn’t suddenly found room for dessert after a filling dinner?). But for some people, emotional eating can be a real problem, causing serious weight gain. The trouble with emotional eating (aside from the health issues) is that once the pleasure of eating is gone, the feelings that cause it remain. And you often may feel worse about eating the amount or type of food you did. That’s why it helps to know the differences between physical hunger and emotional hunger. Next time you reach for a snack, check in and see which type of hunger is driving it. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．我们最好每个月留出一定数额的钱, 以防紧急情况发生。(in case) __________________________________________________________________________________ 53．我本不应该浪费我的时间的，我现在感到很后悔。(regretful) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54．这座古镇传统建筑保存完好，特色小吃随处可见，令我印象深刻。(where) __________________________________________________________________________________ 55．制造商声称，这款即将发布的电动汽车具有自动驾驶功能，可语音控制，一次充电仅需12分钟，就可以行驶600公里。(claim) __________________________________________________________________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的学生李明，今年暑假学校将开展“传统民间艺术进社区”主题活动，并且该活动由你所在的校志愿者社团承办。请给社团主席以邮件形式写一份活动策划方案。内容包括： 1. 活动针对的人群、地点； 2. 活动的主要内容及其意义。 民间艺术：folk art ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第7页（共10页） 试题 第8页（共10页） 试题 第11页（共12页） 试题 第12页（共12页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高二下学期期末模拟卷（培优卷） 英语·考试版 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. During a visit to Beijing many years ago, I had lunch with three PhD students in the Chinese Department at Peking University, all native speakers of Chinese. As I had caught a cold, I tried to write a short note to cancel an afternoon appointment, but suddenly found that I 1 not remember how to write the Chinese characters for the word “sneeze”. I asked my three friends to write it for me. To my surprise, 2 of them could do so correctly. Since Peking University is often regarded as the “Harvard of China”, the incident was striking. It is difficult to imagine three Harvard PhD students in English literature 3 (forget) how to write the English word “sneeze”. This was my first direct encounter with   4 is now widely known in China as “character amnesia”: even highly educated people are forgetting how to write common Chinese characters by hand. By the turn of the twenty-first century, the spread of the internet and the rise of a digitised information environment brought major changes to the use of Chinese characters. 5 the exponential growth of computer memory, Chinese word processing became increasingly routine and convenient. The standard QWERTY keyboard could support not only Pinyin input but also various other entry systems, enabling Chinese characters, 6 alphabetic writing, to function easily in cyberspace. Almost overnight, Chinese users adopted smartphones and tablets, relying on Pinyin input, and speech-to-text technology. Yet these advances have produced a distinctive problem: nowadays people 7 (lose) the ability to write characters by hand. Certainly, such lapses are not entirely new. Chinese has long had the expression tibiwangzi — “lift the pen, forget the character” — 8 (describe) this tendency. However, the digitally intensified version is more serious than occasionally forgetting a rare or complex character. Even highly literate people now fail to write characters in very ordinary words such as “kitchen”, “lips”, “cough”, and “broom”. 9 there have been few rigorous empirical studies, informal surveys by China Daily suggest that about 80% of respondents experience character amnesia in daily life. Some research has been launched to explore the causes, though the data remain difficult to evaluate 10 occupations and disciplines. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address    B．yield    C． marked    D．initially    E. potential    F. produce G. intense    H. sound    I. feature    J. harbored    K. virtually The Rise of Urban Vertical Gardening For many years, city centers have been seen as “concrete jungles,” where tall buildings covered the sky and nature was limited to small parks far away. However, by early 2026, the global urban planning plan is rapidly changing this story to fight the worsening climate problems. The landscape of modern cities is currently undergoing a(n) 11 change as scientists and architects work together to reduce the urban heat effect, a problem that has long troubled people living in big cities with very hot summer temperatures. This shift shows a change from treating green plants as simple decorations to making them a working part of building design. In many modern districts, the plain grey concrete that once covered rooftops has 12 disappeared, replaced by green vertical farms that grow on the sides of glass buildings. These gardens 13 multiple ecological roles, serving not only to provide a local source of food but also to collect used water and significantly lower the surrounding temperatures. They effectively work as a “living skin” for the city, absorbing sunlight and reducing the 14 heat trapped in narrow streets, creating a cooler and more comfortable urban environment. In the early stages of development, many urban planners and experts 15 doubts about the high costs and technical problems that these green structures were intended to 16 . People worried whether the watering systems could work well in extreme weather or if the added weight of wet soil would damage the foundations of old buildings. However, clear data collected over the past year has shown that these vertical gardens are far more 17 than people expected. They have proven to be very strong, providing a high 18 of organic food even during periods of unexpected dry weather or transport problems. The 19 for reducing a city’s carbon footprint through this method is great, especially when used with clean energy. Besides storing carbon, these green areas help birds and insects find a home in the city. Despite the great benefits of having high-quality 20 grown just a few floors away, some developers still don’t want to make the change because they are worried about money in the short term. Nevertheless, experts argue that functional green space must be treated as a necessity rather than a luxury. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Many people experience the “Sunday scaries”, the flood of stress many of us feel as the weekend winds down and Monday morning hangs over, especially for students and office workers. This feeling highlights a modern 21 between two mindsets: the productive mode focused on results and the leisure mode allowing genuine relaxation. Why has finding balance become so difficult? To understand this modern 22 , we can look at hunter-gatherer societies like the Ju/’hoansi of southern Africa. Studies by anthropologist James Suzman show they spent only about 17 hours a week acquiring food. They enjoyed sufficient downtime for socializing, storytelling, and games without feeling pressured to be “productive”. Their customs actively 23 status competition. 24 , when a hunter returned with a big kill, the tribe didn’t shower him with praise. Instead, they mocked the meat as “thin” or “worthless”. They downplayed a successful hunter’s kill to maintain group equality. Work was a means to meet 25 needs, not a path to endless accumulation. A key turning point was humanity’s mastery of fire. By cooking food, fire freed up time and energy that 26 the growth of our large, creative brains. However, subsequent civilizations, especially after the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions, fundamentally 27 our relationship with work and time. Two major shifts occurred. First, 28 replaced interchangeable roles. In modern economies, different jobs require specific skills and receive unequal pay, creating a culture of 29 . Second, we became 30 . Farming cycles and financial systems required planning months or years ahead. This mindset now underpins (构成基础) education and careers, where rewards are often delayed for decades. While this drive has led to immense material progress, it keeps us in a constant state of planning and striving, making it hard to 31 . Consequently, leisure becomes something that requires active 32 . Modern leisure activities are mixed with performance criteria or career-building purposes. The “Sunday scaries” symbolize this internal clash: our leisure mind 33 a productivity mind that is always measuring efficiency and future outcomes. The lesson from our deep past is not to abandon progress, but to recognize its 34 . Civilization has brought wonders but also a “problem of infinite pursuit”. True well-being may require consciously designing a life where work serves our needs without completely defining our value, and where leisure is preserved as a(an) 35 space for being rather than doing. 21．A．harmony B．conflict C．distinction D．exchange 22．A．anxiety B．crisis C．feature D．boredom 23．A．promoted B．ignored C．discouraged D．recorded 24．A．On the contrary B．As a result C．By rule D．For example 25．A．immediate B．personal C．tailored D．increasing 26．A．fueled B．blocked C．limited D．denied 27．A．simplified B．preserved C．reshaped D．forgotten 28．A．craftsmanship B．specialization C．automation D．advancement 29．A．equity B．belonging C．authenticity D．competition 30．A．backward-looking B．outward-going C．future-oriented D．progress-minded 31．A．physically active B．fully present C．truly motivated D．highly efficient 32．A．withdrawal B．transformation C．protection D．discussion 33．A．struggles against B．cooperates with C．subscribes to D．relies on 34．A．material benefit B．psychological cost C．social value D．physical price 35．A．instrumental B．negotiable C．essential D．inaccessible Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Imagine living in a thirsty desert where finding water means digging deep wells. What if you could pull water from the air? Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) are turning this vision into reality. Scientists have long experimented with materials that absorb moisture (水分子) from air. The challenge is efficiency. Traditional methods use sunlight to heat the material and release water — a slow process taking hours or days, which is too long in regions where every drop counts, such as deserts. The MIT team, led by Dr. Svetlana Boriskina, found a faster solution: ultrasound (超声). Instead of heat, they use high-frequency sound waves to release water in minutes. The breakthrough came from collaboration with graduate student Ikra Iftekhar Shuvo, who applied his ultrasound experience from medical devices to this problem. Ultrasound works at frequencies above human hearing. When these sound waves hit a water-filled material, they create powerful vibrations (震动) at a very small scale. These vibrations physically ‌“shake” the water loose, breaking its bond with the material far quicker than heating. The team built a device with a vibrating ring at its core. In tests, it removed water from small material samples in mere minutes. The results are striking: this method is 45 times more efficient than traditional solar heating. Crucially, unlike sun-dependent systems, the device can run multiple cycles per day, significantly boosting daily water collection. Looking ahead, the team plans to make a simple, solar-powered unit that will combine a fast-absorbing material with the ultrasound component. This system would take in and release water multiple times daily to provide a steady supply. The technology promises a sustainable water source for dry regions, offering an alternative to digging wells or desalinating seawater to get fresh water. It can be scaled for use in homes or entire towns, providing an energy-efficient solution to the global water shortage. Ultimately, this innovation shows how combining ultrasound technology with materials science can tackle pressing environmental challenges, potentially transforming life in water-short communities worldwide. 36．What is the main disadvantage of traditional water-harvesting methods in the passage? A．They only work where the air is very wet. B．They consume a large amount of electricity. C．They require expensive absorbing materials. D．They are too slow to be practical in urgent need. 37．What can be inferred about the role of Ikra Iftekhar Shuvo in the research? A．He specialized in designing solar-powered water systems. B．He discovered the most efficient water-absorbing material. C．His background in medical devices inspired the new method. D．His invention became the core component of the final device. 38．What does the underlined word ‌“desalinating” mean in paragraph 4? A．Taking salt out of seawater. B．Removing dirt from seawater. C．Heating seawater until it boils. D．Moving seawater to dry places. 39．What is the main idea of the passage? A．It discusses the medical use of ultrasound. B．It argues against using solar energy for water. C．It explores materials that absorb water from air. D．It reports a fast new device for getting water from air. (B) While writing plain English is no challenge, most of us struggle to find words or phrases to perfectly fall in place with the content. To help you improve your writing skills in English, we have collected some of the best web resources dedicated to this mission. Grammarly ● Grammarly is one of the best online resources to significantly improve your vocabulary and writing. It is basically an online word processor, which goes beyond others in correcting over 250 types of English mistakes. The spell-checker and vocabulary enhancer are the standout features of Grammarly. ● Since the Grammarly app is also available for your web browser, you can simply install the extension and edit all of your Emails, social media posts, or any content that you create from your web browser. ●Although Grammarly is offered as free installation, a premium plan does exist which costs around $29. 95/month. Thesaurus ●Thesaurus is one of the vital tools that every good English writer has in their storehouse. Building on vocabulary is essential and that is what Thesaurus just offers. Thesaurus helps users by providing alternative words and phrases to perfectly express themselves. It also offers the best collection of synonyms and antonyms. ● Overuse of cliches, adverbs or bulky phrases is some examples of poor writing, which needs to be addressed. In this case, the Thesaurus has a collection of some of the most overused expressions that must be avoided in written English. ● Sharpen your English skills with this powerful online and mobile application tool for free. Hemingway App ●The Hemingway App is a wonderful web-based and desktop software to help you edit your written English. It tackles a lot of subtle differences in English writing, like very complex sentences, uses of passive voice and much more. Using Hemingway App, all of your wordy sentences are highlighted in yellow and irrelevant content in red. ● The Hemingway app also provides a readability score for the entered text, which you could use to analyze the structure of the content you’ve written and build a connection with your readers. ●Though available as a free version for web interfaces, the standalone desktop software for Mac and Windows costs $9. 99/month. 40．Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A．Grammarly is primarily focused on helping improve spelling and grammar in writing. B．Thesaurus offers a large collection of word entries to enhance vocabulary. C．The Hemingway App’s premium desktop software is available for a one-time payment of $9.99. D．The Hemingway App assigns a distinct color to each type of grammar mistake it detects in the text. 41．If you expect to objectively assess how effectively your content will connect with your readers, you are likely to turn to______. A．Grammarly B．Thesaurus C．Hemingway App D．all 42．Who are probably NOT the intended readers of this passage? A．Fiction writers looking for real life materials to spark their creativity. B．Non-native English speakers wanting to improve their writing proficiency. C．Language enthusiasts interested in exploring different web-based tools. D．Magazine editors whose role involves reviewing and polishing manuscripts. (C) Suppose you’re preparing for a tennis match. Your mind wanders, envisioning (预想) every possible outcome. Do you picture yourself in control? Or does your imagination toy with the idea of failure? The answer matters because it could affect your confidence and, ultimately, how well you will perform in the upcoming match. Although people don’t take such moments spent in their imagination as seriously as they should, it can be just as vital as any physical practice, directly impacting your chances of success. This is especially the case in high-pressure situations where what’s happening inside your mind outweighs what’s happening outside. Your imagination shapes how you interpret the world around you and is capable of causing the same physiological (生理的) and emotional responses that are caused by external, real-life events. To take just one example, just as emotional pictures and sounds can cause the pupils to widen, so can emotional mental images in the mind. Another phenomenon highlighting the significance of the imagination is called functional equivalence (相等), which refers to the way the brain doesn’t always distinguish between imagining an action and physically doing it. For instance, when athletes vividly imagine running a race or sinking a basket, their brain scans reveal that the same neural circuits (神经回路) are activated as if they were physically performing the task. Other research with athletes using functional MRI (磁共振成像) has shown that mental practice engages regions of the brain involved in controlling the body and also activates areas linked to focus, motivation and emotional regulation. The principle of functional equivalence extends beyond sports. In one study, pianists were asked to picture moving their fingers across the keys, hearing the tune, and seeing the sheet music. Astonishingly, the same motor areas in their brains lit up as when they actually played. Many studies like this have proved the connection between mental imagery and real-world performance. Whether you’re aiming to build confidence or prepare for a challenge, using your imagination with more intention could make all the difference. The key is to switch your mental channel to an image of capability, control and empowerment. 43．How does the author start the text? A．By giving a definition. B．By explaining an opinion. C．By sharing an experience. D．By presenting a context. 44．In which aspect is mental imagery the same as actual occurrences according to the text? A．Requiring body movements. B．Causing emotional responses. C．Affecting physical functions. D．Strengthening visual reactions. 45．In which case may functional equivalence occur? A．A doctor envisions the procedure of an operation. B．A learner conducts a discussion with a professor. C．A pianist videos finger movements for perfection. D．A speaker practices a deep breath before a speech. 46．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Positive emotion brightens your life. B．Imagination promotes your creativity. C．Mental imagery increases your success. D．Physical practice unlocks your potential. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Why some people keep making the same bad decisions People constantly take in information from their surroundings, including visual details and background sounds. Over time, the brain learns to connect these cues with what usually happens next. For example, a familiar sign, sound, or setting can signal whether a choice is likely to lead to a reward or a negative outcome. This process is known as associative learning, which simply means learning through repeated connections between cues and results. In everyday life, this kind of learning helps people make faster and often better decisions. 47 For people with compulsive disorders, addictions, or anxiety, these learned associations can become overly powerful. Instead of serving as helpful guides, cues may start to dominate decision making. Individuals may feel pulled toward certain sights or sounds or strongly driven to avoid them, even when doing so leads to poor outcomes. To better understand how this happens, Giuseppe di Pellegrino of the University of Bologna led a study focused on how people learn from cues and how this learning can sometimes go wrong. The research examined maladaptive decision making, which refers to choices that continue to cause harm or disadvantage despite repeated negative consequences. As described in their JNeurosci paper, the researchers found that people differ widely in how much they rely on environmental cues when making decisions. 48 The study also revealed an important problem for those who are highly cue driven. 49 They may have difficulty updating their beliefs about what those cues mean and unlearning old associations that no longer apply. In practical terms, this means the brain keeps responding as if nothing has changed, even when the situation clearly has. As a result, disadvantageous decision making can persist over time. 50 A．This learning can sometimes lead people off the beaten track. B．Some individuals depend heavily on surrounding visuals and sounds to guide their choices, while others rely on them far less. C．However, this system does not work the same way for everyone. D．They fail to sense the changes in themselves. E．When familiar cues start to signal riskier or less favorable outcomes, these individuals often struggle to adjust. F．Instead of adapting to new information, people may repeat the same risky or harmful choices again and again. IV.Summary Writing 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What Is Emotional Eating? Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of to satisfy hunger. We’ve all been there, finishing a whole bag of chips out of boredom or downing cookie after cookie while preparing for a big test. But when done a lot — especially without realizing it — emotional eating can affect weight, health, and overall well-being. Not many of us make the connection between eating and our feelings. But understanding what drives emotional eating can help people take steps to change it. One of the biggest myths about emotional eating is that it’s caused by negative feelings. Yes, people often turn to food when they’re stressed out, lonely, sad, anxious, or bored. But emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too, like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine’s Day or the celebration of a holiday feast. Sometimes emotional eating is tied to major life events, like a death or a divorce. More often, though, it’s the countless little daily stresses that cause someone to seek comfort or distraction in food. Emotional eating patterns can be learned: A child who is given candy after a big achievement may grow up using candy as a reward for a job well done. A kid who is given cookies as a way to stop crying may learn to link cookies with comfort. It’s not easy to “unlearn” patterns of emotional eating. But it is possible. And it starts with an awareness of what’s going on. We’re all emotional eaters to some extent (who hasn’t suddenly found room for dessert after a filling dinner?). But for some people, emotional eating can be a real problem, causing serious weight gain. The trouble with emotional eating (aside from the health issues) is that once the pleasure of eating is gone, the feelings that cause it remain. And you often may feel worse about eating the amount or type of food you did. That’s why it helps to know the differences between physical hunger and emotional hunger. Next time you reach for a snack, check in and see which type of hunger is driving it. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．我们最好每个月留出一定数额的钱, 以防紧急情况发生。(in case) __________________________________________________________________________________ 53．我本不应该浪费我的时间的，我现在感到很后悔。(regretful) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54．这座古镇传统建筑保存完好，特色小吃随处可见，令我印象深刻。(where) __________________________________________________________________________________ 55．制造商声称，这款即将发布的电动汽车具有自动驾驶功能，可语音控制，一次充电仅需12分钟，就可以行驶600公里。(claim) __________________________________________________________________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的学生李明，今年暑假学校将开展“传统民间艺术进社区”主题活动，并且该活动由你所在的校志愿者社团承办。请给社团主席以邮件形式写一份活动策划方案。内容包括： 1. 活动针对的人群、地点； 2. 活动的主要内容及其意义。 民间艺术：folk art ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $2025-2026学年下学期英语期末模拟卷 II.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 姓名： 21. 22 准考证号 23. 24. 缺考标记 注意事项 考生禁止填涂缺考标 1.答题前，考生先将自已的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚 老师 25 记！只能由监考 26. 责用黑色字迹的签 笔填涂填涂 2. 请将准考证条码粘贴在右侧的条码粘贴处]的方框内。 正确 ■1 [-U√][×] 3.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂：非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色 字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 27 28. 29 30. 1.A][B][C]ID] 2.IA][B][c][D] 3.[A][B][C][D] ■ 4.A][B][c][D] 5.[A][B][C][D] 6.[AJ[B[C][D] 7.[A][B][c][D] 8.[A][B][c][D] 9.[A][B][c][D] IV.Summary Writing 1o.[A]IB][C][D] 11.[A][B][C][D] 12.[A][B][C][D] 13.AJ[B][c][D] 14.[A][B][c][D] 15.[AJ[B][c][D] 16.[A][B][C][D] 17.IA][B][c][D] 18.[A][B][c][D] 19.[A][B][c][D] 20.[A][B1[c][D] 31.LAJLBJLCJLDJLEJLFJLGJLHJLIJLJJLKJ 32.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K] 33.LA][B][c][D][E][F][G]IH][I][J][K] 34.A][B][C][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K] 35.A][B][c][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K] 36.LA][B][c][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K] V.Translation 37.LA][B][c][D][E][F][G][H][IJ[J][K] 38.A][B][c][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K] 39.[A][B][c][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K] 4o.A][B][c][D][E][F][G]IH][I][J][K] 41.A][B][C][D] 42.A1[B][C][D] 43.[A[BJ[c][D] 44.A][B][C][D] 45.A][B][C][D] 46.[A][B][C][D] 47[A][B][C][D] 48.[A][B][C][D] 49.[AJ[BJ[c][D] 5o.A[B][c][D] 51.AJ[B][c][D] 52.A][B][c][D] 53.A][B[c][D] 54.AJ[B][c[D] 55.[A][B][c[D] 56.[A][B]IC][D] 57.IA][B][c][D] 58.A][B][c][D] 59.[A][B1[c][D] 6o.IA][B][c][D] 61A][B][C][D] 62.A][B][c][D] 63.[A][B][C][D] 64.A][B][C][D] 65.TA1rBITCITD1 66.TA1rBI[CIID1 67.[A][B][c][D][E][F] 68.[A]IB][c][D][E][F] 69.[AJ[B][C][D][E][F] 7o.[A][B][c][D][E]F] VI.Guided Writing ■ ■