Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy 单元同步知识点 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版必修第二册

该高中英语导学案聚焦必修二Unit 2阅读内容，整合核心词汇、短语及句型，结合教材原文实例、词形变形与拓展用法，构建从基础词义到语境应用的学习支架，帮助学生衔接新旧知识，夯实语言基础。 资料通过“词汇-短语-句型”三维解析，搭配高考真题链接与分层习题，强化语言能力培养。引导学生分析语境、归纳用法提升思维品质，同时提供拓展延伸内容，助力自主学习，有效培养学习能力，适配高中英语教学需求。

必修二 Unit 2 必修二U2【Reading语法】 ●Reading RWords 1. congratulation /kənˌɡrætʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ n.祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺 原文：You want to start doing exercise? Congratulations! You have just taken your first step towards a new and improved you!(教材P16) 【变形】 congratulate vt. 祝贺；恭喜；庆贺 【拓展】 ★a letter of congratulation 贺信 to offer/send your congratulations to sb 向某人致以祝贺 ★congratulate sb. on/upon (doing) sth 因（做某事祝贺某人） 【误区】表示“祝贺；恭喜”时，congratulation常用复数形式。 【习题】 1. I sent a card of ____________(congratulate) to the newly married couple. 2. He has received many letters______ congratulation of his birthday. 3. She congratulated him _______ the birth of his son. 4. ______________(congratulate) on the success of your experiment! 【答案】1.congratulation 2. in 3. on 4. Congratulations 2.assume /əˈsjuːm/vt.假定，认为；承担（责任），就（职）；呈现，显露 原文：Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and the mind…. 大多数的人都认为经常锻炼对身心大有益处…。(教材P16) 【变形】 assume v．　 假定；设想；承担；假装 assumption n. 假定，假设 【拓展】 ★assume sb./sth.(to be)＋adj./n. 假定/认为某人/某事(为)… assuming (that)... 假设…… ★on the assumption that... 假定… make an assumption 作出假设 ★It is assumed that... 人们认为…… 【高考范例】 （2014安徽卷）So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. 所以，我们假设历史建筑对大多数人来说都是有吸引力和重要的。 （2013江苏卷）When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. 当他开始研究时，他认为在较年轻的化石中，减压病的迹象会更罕见，这反映了它们应对减压措施的逐渐演变。 【习题】 1.His actions were based on a false _________ (assume). 2._________(assume) he’s still alive, how old would he be now? 3.It is reasonable ____________(assume) that the economy will continue to improve. 【答案】(1) assumption (2) Assuming (3) to assume 【高考链接】 【2025长郡高三下月考8】Still, many of us would assume____________ , if we feel tired, it’s because we slept poorly. that 【2-2024一中高三下模2】When kids sense your praise ____________(sincere), they assume you feel sorry for them or don’t understand them. insincere 【2023雅礼高三上月考4】If a child has math____________ (anxious), don’t assume that they’re not good at math. anxiety 【2025明德高二下期中】These models have typically assumed that a single action____________ (determine) someone’s reputation. determines 3. tend /tend/ vi.往往会；趋向vt. 照看 原文：It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems. 有证据表明，经常锻炼的人往往免疫系统更好。 (教材P16) 【变形】 tendency n. 趋势；偏好；倾向 【拓展】 ★tend to do sth 易于做某事 tend to/towards sth 有……的趋势；倾向于…… tend (to) sb./sth照顾/照看某人/某物 ★have a tendency to do sth 倾向于做…… 【高考范例】 （2021全国乙卷）Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match. 即使是足球迷也有座位；成千上万的人站着观看比赛的日子一去不复返了。 （2020浙江卷）Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. 那些精神上有激励、退休前要求工作的人往往在测试中表现最好。 【习题】 ①When we are under stress, our bodies ___________ tense up.  当我们处在压力之下时，我们的身体往往会绷紧。 ②When I am tired, I tend_________(make) mistakes. ③I have a ____________(tend) to talk too much when I am nervous. 【答案】tend to (2) to make (3) tendency 【高考链接】 【2-2024一中高三下模2】Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy, Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents ____________(tend) to be more strict.” tended 【2023中南博才高二上月考1】In her videos, she tends____________ (work) in silence and plays soothing music. to work 4. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt.减少，缩小 原文：Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings. 锻炼身体能帮助你缓解心理压力，克服负面情绪。(教材P16) 【变形】 reduction n. 减少；下降；缩小 【拓展】 be reduced/ increased to 减少/ 增加到… be reduced/ increased by 减少/ 增加了… be reduced to 沦落为 【高考范例】 （2021全国乙卷）Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 冯·王希望他的作品能帮助给大公司施加压力以减少使用塑料。 （2020天津卷）Fuel consumption could be reduced as the electric component is switched on at key parts of the journey, especially on take-off and landing. 在飞行的关键时候，特别是起飞和降落时，开启电子元件可以减少燃料消耗。 【习题】 ①They ________________ begging in the streets.  他们沦落到沿街乞讨。 ②The government is aiming at a 50% ________________ in unemployment.  政府正力争减少50%的失业人数。 【答案】①were reduced to ②reduction 【高考链接】 【2025南雅高三下月考8】By dividing it into specific actions, you’ll reduce anxiety and stay ________________(motivate). motivated 【2025雅礼高三下月考8】For instance, efforts are being made to improve the data pre-processing techniques________________ (reduce) biases. to reduce 【4-2024长郡高三上月考4】Images and data from the Gaofen satellites have been ___________ (wide) used at thousands of research bodies and enterprises in dozens of industries across China and have helped reduce the country’s ________________ (dependent) on foreign remote-sensing products. widely dependence 【2025一中高二上期末】Thus, your car gets charged, the owners make money, and emissions___ ______________(reduce). are reduced 5. range /reɪndʒ/ n.（变动或浮动的）范围，界限，区间；一系列 原文： … and improve your body’s range of movement. …增大肢体活动的幅度。 (教材P17) 【拓展】 ★in/ within range of 在… 范围内 out of range of 超出…的范围 a range of 一系列的 beyond one’s range of 超出…的范围 ★range from… to… 从…到… 变化 range between … and … 在… 范围内变动 【高考范例】 （2021全国乙卷）69 Activities (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 70 to have (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 那里的活动包括观鲸、徒步旅行以及住宿安排，其目的是对自然环境的影响较小。 （2014湖南卷）The FREE squad sessions will include introductions to a wide range of writing styles, from poetry to play writing and lyrics (抒情诗）to flash fiction, to support the development of young writers. 自由队的课程将包括介绍广泛的写作风格，从诗歌到剧本写作，从抒情诗到闪小说，以支持年轻作家的发展。 【习题】 ①The job encompasses _________________________.  这项工作涉及的职责范围很广。 ②This was _____________________ his experience.  这超出了他的阅历。 【答案】①a wide range of responsibilities  ②outside the range of 【高考链接】 【2025雅礼高三下月考8】It can handle a wide range of natural language tasks with high __________________(accurate), from text generation to question-answering systems. accuracy 【2023高三下雅礼二模】The Sichuan Opera is said_________________(bring) this range of emotions on stage. to have brought##to bring 【2025附中高二上期中】Since the Poetry Nightstand project started, people _______________(donate) a wide range of writing. Barrows has shared most of the submissions on social media. have donated 6. energy /ˈenədʒi/ n.能，能量；精力；能源 原文：Like cars that run on petrol, your body burns carbohydrates for energy.(教材P17) 【变形】 energetic adj. 精力充沛的；积极的；有力的 【拓展】 ★full of energy精力充沛；充满活力 creative/destructive energies 创造/毁灭力 solar/nuclear energy 太阳能；核能 【高考范例】 （2020全国卷I）Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)--such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway--a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 由于照明通常离电源很远——比如从发电厂到偏远公路上的路灯的距离——在传输过程中会损失很多能量。 发光植物可以缩短这段距离，因此有助于节约能源。 （2020天津卷）A battery, even a lithium one, only provides 250 watt-hours per kilogram; compare this to liquid fuel, which has a specific energy of 11, 890 watt-hours per kilogram. 一块电池，即使是锂电池，每公斤只能提供250瓦时；与液体燃料相比，液体燃料的比能是11,890瓦特时每公斤。 【高考链接】 【2-2024雅礼高三下模2】Academician Huang made three commitments to himself — to contribute his energy to scientific research; to apply his achievements in the fields; and _________________(provide) more opportunities for young people. to provide 【2025附中高二上期末】Purple is considered a cool color, which can create a sense of calm and _________________(stable). Unlike blue, another cool color, purple also includes elements of red, a warm color that adds a sense of energy and expansion. stability 【2025长郡高二下月考1】In this area, more than 99 percent of visible matter is in a plasma (等离子体) state in which gas is in a highly charged and ________________(energy) state of matter. energetic 7. average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ n.平均水平，一般水平 adj.平均的；典型的 原文：In general, you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising. 一般情况下，应该在锻炼之前一个半到两个半小时进食。(教材P17) 【拓展】 ★an average of 平均是… on (the/an) average 平均；普通，通常 above the average 在一般水平(或平均数)以上 below the average 在一般水平(或平均数)以下 【高考范例】 （2021浙江卷）Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet. 现在的孩子平均每天花四个半小时看屏幕，一半时间看电视，一半时间上网。 （2020江苏卷）Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. 然后，在科学家实验室的两次早晨访问中，每个人都以平均速度走了一个小时，从理论上讲，这种速度可以让他的身体依靠脂肪提供能量。 【习题】 ①The boats remain at sea for _______________ ten days at a time.  这些船平均每次在海上呆10天。 ②What does _______________ sitting in the auditorium look like?  坐在礼堂里的那些普通人是什么样子？ ③________________, snow falls on Helvellyn 67 days per year.  在赫尔维林峰，每年平均有67天会降雪。 【答案】①an average of ②the average person ③On average 【高考链接】 【2-2024雅礼高三上期中】These interactive events_______________ (become) the city’s tourism highlight, attracting __________daily average of 300, 000 tourists to the Grand Tang Mall since June. have become a 【2023高三下雅礼一模】She said, since we all had __________ similar high average, she would talk to our teachers to see who most deserved it. a 【2023雅礼高三上月考3】The size of each sculpture is no more __________ 6 mm unless it is a tower. And each takes an average of 10 hours __________ (finish). than to finish 8.prevent /prɪˈvent/ vt.阻止，阻碍 原文：To prevent soft tissue injury…. 为避免软组织受伤…。(教材P17) 【变形】 prevention n. 预防；阻止 【拓展】 prevent (doing) sth 阻止(做)某事 prevent sb/ sth (from) doing sth 阻止某人/ 某物做某事 【高考范例】 （2020新高考I卷）Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. 遵守所有规则，以免被取消资格。 【习题】 ①We hope to ________________________ happening. 我们希望防止任何不愉快的事发生。 ②___________________ had to be given more prominence. 犯罪预防得给予更多重视。 【答案】①prevent anything unpleasant from ②Crime prevention 【高考链接】 【2025雅礼高三下模1】Advanced irrigation systems now water about 370,000 acres of fields, while ________________(new) planted forests prevent soil erosion. newly 【4-2024长郡高三上月考4】Developed by the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, the Gaofen 12D is equipped with microwave payloads and its data will be used ______________ (help) with land mapping, urban planning, agricultural yield forecasting, and disaster prevention. to help 【2023一中高三上月考2】As some communities begin to reopen during the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, public health officials say the best way______________ (prevent) illness is to avoid being exposed to this virus. to prevent 9.lack /læk/ n.缺乏，匮乏，短缺 vt. & vi.没有，缺乏，不足，短缺 原文：…their lack of exercise during weekdays. … 他们在工作日缺乏锻炼。(教材P19) 【变形】 lacking adj. 缺乏的，不足的；缺失的 【拓展】 ★lack sth 缺乏某物 lack for sth 需要某物 ★for lack of sth因为缺乏某物 a lack of 缺乏某物 ★be lacking in sth缺乏某物 【高考范例】 （2020天津卷）I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. 我从来没有见过优秀的人缺少这两种品质。我也从未见过一个普通人同时拥有这两种品质。 （2014福建卷）Strange as it may seem, if you’re unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires—not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you don’t have enough tastes. 这听起来很奇怪，如果你不满足，问题不是缺乏满足欲望的手段，而是缺乏欲望——不是你不能满足自己的品味，而是你的品味不够。 【习题】 ①The only thing we __________________ is time.  我们唯一缺少的就是时间。 ②The project had to be abandoned due to _________________ government funding.  这项工程由于缺乏政府的资助而不得不放弃。 【答案】①lack ②a lack of 【高考链接】 【2025雅礼高三下月考8】However, the tradition has declined over the years due to rapid urbanization, scarcity of wood and lack of available construction space, all of _______________ threaten its transmission and survival. which 【2023高三下雅礼一模】When you do try, your lack of trust_______________ yourself may ultimately lead you to fail. in 【2022雅礼高二上月考3】“In today’s digital age, many people are lonelier than ever. Apparently, for people ______________ (lack) physical interaction, their mental health ______________ (affect) by my hugging therapy,” said Jessica. lacking is affected 10.make up for弥补，补偿 原文：Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost through sweat. 锻炼过程中别忘了喝水，以弥补出汗消耗的水分。(教材P17) 【拓展】 make sure 确信；证实 make up 弥补；组成；化妆；整理 make full/good use of 充分利用 make the most of充分利用 make a difference 有影响，有关系 make out 理解；辨认出；说明；填写；设法应付 make for 导致；有助于；走向 make it获得成功 make sense 讲得通 ; 有意义 ; 有道理 ; 言之有理 make clear 澄清 ; 弄清楚 ; 表明 ; 说明  ◎Doctors battled throughout the night to save the patient’s life.医生们奋战了整个晚上来抢救病人的生命。 ◎China exports its products to markets throughout the world.中国把产品出口到世界各地的市场。 ◎After all the delays, we were anxious to make up for lost time.耽搁了这么久，我们急着想弥补失去的时间。 【习题】 ①Muslims ___________ 55% of the population.  穆斯林占人口的55%。 ②All these opinions ____________, and consequently it is hard to choose the best of them.  所有意见都有道理，因此很难说哪个是最好的。 ③I ____________ the woods!  我往树林跑去 ④This is especially important as it will _____________the value of solving the problems.  这点尤其重要，因为它会使解决这些问题的意义更加明确。 【答案】①make up ②make sense ③make for ④make clear 【高考链接】 【2025长郡高三下月考8】Because what you tell yourself the next day about how you slept, and about how much it matters, can make a difference______how you perceive your tiredness. to 【2025高三下二轮复习联考2】“It’s hard to change your habits around your phone use because our phones are thoughtfully designed to attract our attention and make it difficult __________(turn) away,” Catherine Price, author of How to Break Up With Your Phone, explains. to turn 【2-2024一中高三上月考2】In ancient times, alcohol was used as a stimulant and reward for the army. The stimulating drink could make cowards brave, cheer up__________exhausted and raise the spirits of the army. the RSentences 1. 原文：The first thing to consider is what you expect to improve…. 首先要考虑的是你想要提升哪方面。 (教材P17) 【拓展】本句中 “the first”是序数词，修饰“thing”，当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，the next, the only, the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。 ①I'll be the first one to admit it: I don't like working hard.  我将是第一个承认这一点的人：我不喜欢努力工作。 ②He was among the last to leave.  他是最后离开者之一。 【习题】 (1)In my family，my mother is always the first one (get up). 在我的家庭里，我妈妈总是第一个起床。 (2)He is always the first staff (go) to the office and the last (leave)，which I think is why he is promoted so quickly. 他往往是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开的人，我认为这就是他这么快得到晋升的原因。 (3)John is said to be the only young teacher (promote) to professor in your university this year. 据说约翰是今年你们大学唯一已经晋级教授的年轻教师。 【答案】①to get up ②to go;to leave ③to have been promoted 必修二U2【Extended reading语法】 ● Extended Reading R Words 1. announce /əˈnaʊns/ v. 宣布，宣告；通知 原文：We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again! 我们很高兴宣布，社区体育中心不久将会再次开放予市民使用! (教材P20) 【变形】 announcement n. 通告; 宣布; 声明 -ment n. 行为或结果 movement 运动 (move 动) agreement 协议，约定 (agree 同意) establishment 建立，设立 (establish建立)=set up=found management 管理 (manage 管理) n. 具体事物，具象化 pavement 人行道 (pave 铺路) basement 地下室 (base 基础) segment 部分 (seg =sect 切割，分开) fragment 碎片 (frag = break破碎) 【拓展】 ★announce that . . . 　　　宣布……; 宣告…… ★it is announced that . . . 据宣布…… ★make an announcement 发布公告; 发表消息 【高考范例】 （2011北京卷）So when our retirement community（社区）announced that they were having an essay competition and the topic was an experience of a lifetime that you wanted to have, I decided to write about my dream. 当我们的退休社区宣布他们要举办一场作文比赛，题目是你想拥有的人生经历，我决定写我的梦想。 【习题】 ①They will _________________of the vote tonight.   今晚他们将宣布投票结果。 ②___________________new speed restrictions would be introduced.   据宣布, 将有新的限速规定出台。 ③__________________________on Tuesday to coincide with International Museum Day.   这个通告在星期二宣告, 正好配合国际博物馆日。 ④(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Share library ______________ on your social media. 在你的社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。 【答案】①announce the result ②It was announced that ③The announcement was made ④announcements 【高考链接】 【2025一中高三下模1】Now it was the gym class. The coach announced they_____________ (play) volleyball. would be playing 【2025附中高二上期末】We are thrilled_____________ (announce) an open call for submissions for our upcoming English Collage Poetry collection. to announce 【1-2024南雅高二下月考1】In a statement_____________ (announce) the project, NASA said information on the Dark Ages can only be learned through data collected from radio waves. announcing 2.replace /rɪˈpleɪs/ vt. 用… 替换；代替，取代；更换，更新 原文：…our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, …我们的有氧运动课已经被其他有趣的选择所取代(教材P20) 【变形】 replacement n. 更换；替代，替换 irreplaceable adj.不可替换的 -ir “in-” 的变体，用于以字母 r开头的词根前，表示“不”、“非”、“无”。 同源前缀还有 “il-” (用于l前，如 illegal), “im-” (用于b, m, p前，如 impossible), “in-” (通用)。 irregular (不规则的) irresponsible (不负责任的) irrelevant (不相关的) irrational (不合理的；非理性的) irreplaceable (不可替代的) irreversible (不可逆转的) irreconcilable (不可调和的) irresistible (不可抗拒的) irreverent (不敬的) irreparable (不可修复的) irresistible (不可抵抗的) irredeemable (不可救药的) irrefutable (无可辩驳的) irrepressible (压抑不住的) irrespective (不考虑的，常与of连用) irretrievable (不可挽回的) irreproachable (无可指责的) irreligious (无宗教的；反对宗教的) irresolute (犹豫不决的) irrespective (不考虑的，常与of连用) irresponsive (无反应的) irrevocable (不可撤销的) 【拓展】 ★replace A with  B 用B代替A be replaced by  被… 取代 ★a replacement for …的替代者 ★take the place of 代替 in place of 代替 【高考范例】 (2020•全国Ⅰ卷)We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day. 我们正在思考如何改造植物来取代我们日常使用的东西的功能。【习题】 ①It’s good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them, but they can never _____________your own culture. 喜欢并学习其他的文化很好, 但是它们永远无法取代自己的文化。 ②The report says that millions of jobs will _____________artificial intelligence(AI),robots and automation.   据报道, 将会有数百万工作被人工智能, 机器人和自动化所替代。 ③I will no longer use one-off things and _______ plastic bags ____ paper bags. 我将不再使用一次性物品, 并且用纸袋代替塑料袋。 ④Nothing can ever ______________real love and family togetherness.   什么也取代不了真爱和家庭和睦。 【答案】①replace  ②be replaced by ③replace with ④take the place of 【高考链接】 【2-2024雅礼高三下模2】She has both male and female students, who are_____________ (replace) to each other. irreplaceable 【1-2024一中高三下适应演练2】Sally’s birthday was approaching, and the excitement that usually filled her heart _____________ (replace) with disappointment and stress now. was replaced 3. position /pəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 处境; 位置; 姿势; 观点; 地位 原文：(教材原句)What would you do in my position? 你处在我的位置会怎么做? 【变形】 positional​ 位置的，定位的 well-positioned​ 定位良好的，处于有利位置的 -al a. ……的 (副词形式是-ally) national 国家的 (nation 国家) personal 个人的 (person 人) natural 自然的 (nature 自然) central 中心的 (center 中间) local 当地的 (loc 地方) normal 正常的 (norm 规则，标准) final 最终的 (fin 结束) total 总的 (tot 全部) social 社会的，社交的 (soci 伙伴) 副词形式-ally举例： conditionally 有条件地 (condition 条件) exceptionally 例外地 (exception 例外) n. 人，物，状态 rival 竞争者 (riv来自于river，像河流一样跑动) criminal 犯罪分子 (crim 罪行) mural 壁画 (mur 墙壁) cereal 谷物 (cere 谷) hospital 医院 (hospit 客人) dismissal 解雇，不予理会 (dismiss 解雇) refusal 拒绝，回绝 (refuse 拒绝) withdrawal 撤退，撤销 (with相反+draw拉+al) survival 生存，幸存 (sur之后+viv 活着) 【拓展】 ★be in position　　　　 　 就位; 在适当的位置 out of position 在不适当的位置, 不合适的 in a good/bad position​ 处境好/坏 apply for a position​ 申请一个职位 take up a position 担任工作 take the position that. . . 认为……, 主张…… 【高考范例】 （2021全国甲卷）In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. 在全球通讯的网络世界里，我们在任何地方都能看到天才的出现。 （2019全国卷I）Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups. 通过暑期就业机会项目，学生每年都会在省级公共服务机构、相关机构和社区团体中担任各种暑期职位。 【习题】 ①He offered to ________________in the special action.   他主动提出要参与这次特别行动。 ②I ___________________proper rules should be set to prevent such behavior.   我主张制定适当的规定以阻止这种行为的发生。 ③Every vehicle ___________, and the game can start now.   每一部车辆都已就位, 比赛现在可以开始了。 ④One of the cups is _____________. Put it back _________.   其中有只杯子位置不对, 把它放回适当的位置。 【答案】①take up a position②take the position that③is in position ④out of position in position 【高考链接】 【2025附中高三下模拟2】“During a 21km trial, a screw (螺丝钉) ___________ (connect) the ankle motor and linkage broke at the 15km mark. We reinforced (加固) _________ part with three positioning pins — no issues since,” recalled Cui Wenhao, leader of the Xuanfeng Xiaozi Team. connecting the 【2025一中高三下模拟2】For example, to emphasize the significance of imperial authority, the royal palace was placed in the central position while other key structures were___________ (skillful) arranged. skillfully 【2-2024一中高三上月考2】It comes from practicing again and again. Professionals can make themselves because they devote their work, practice, and time to___________(obtain) this position instead of managing to read books only. This distinguishes them from all the others. obtaining 【2025明德高二下期末】For an injector to work effectively, it must __________ (position) almost perfectly upright against the target tissue. be positioned 4. hesitate /ˈhezɪteɪt/ vi. 犹豫；迟疑 原文：When my friend first suggested that we join the new Tai Chi Club at school, I hesitated. 当我的朋友第一次建议我们加入学校的新太极俱乐部时，我犹豫了一下(教材P25) 【变形】 hesitation n. 犹豫 hesitant adj. 迟疑的；踌躇的；犹豫不定的 -ant /-ent a. ……的 vibrant 生机勃勃的 (vibr 振动) important 重要的 pleasant 令人愉快的 (pleas 愉快，取悦) dominant 占主导地位的 (domin 统治) different 不同的 independent 独立的，不依赖的 obedient 顺从的，服从的 (obey 服从) n. ……的人 servant 仆人 (serv 服务) participant 参与者 (part 部分) student 学生 (stud 学习，努力) president 总统，校长 (preside 主持) -ent还可以表示“……的药剂”，如： detergent 洗涤剂 (deterg 擦干净) solvent 溶剂 (solve溶解) 【拓展】 ★hesitate to do sth 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事 hesitate about/ over 对… 犹豫不决 ★without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 ★be hesitant about (doing) 对(做)某事犹豫 be hesitant to do sth 不愿做某事 【高考范例】 (2020•天津高考)Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. 我们大多数人在遇到新朋友、新想法时都会犹豫。 【习题】 ①If you want to know more details, please ______________get in touch with me.   如果你想知道更多细节, 请立刻与我取得联系。 ②He promised ______________________________in pursuing reforms.   他保证在实行改革时不会再有迟疑。 ③Henry ran to the riverside, threw off his clothes and jumped into the water _____________.   亨利跑到河边, 脱掉衣服, 毫不迟疑地跳进河里。 【答案】1. don’t hesitate to 2. there would be no more hesitations 3.without hesitation 【高考链接】 【2025明德高二下期末】The English-speaking community does not hesitate about absorbing foreign words into its daily vocabulary. In fact, there have never been any formal _______________(academy) restrictions on new borrowed words. academic 5.admit /ədˈmɪt/ vt. & vi.承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入 原文：I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi. 我不得不承认我以前对太极的看法是错误的。(教材P25) 【变形】 admission n.承认; 供认; 入场费; 门票费 -ion[footnoteRef:2] [2: 我们学习中常见的-sion/-tion其实就是-ion的同化结果，这里直接视为一类] n. 动作或状态 (另参考-ation) concision 简明，简洁 (concise 简洁的) expansion 扩张 (expand 扩大) discussion 讨论 (discuss 讨论) conclusion 结论 (conclude 下结论，总结) protection 保护 (protect 保护) decision 决定 (decide 做决定) n. 物品 accordion 手风琴 (accord 和谐) scorpion 蝎子 (scorp 原来的意思是一种鱼) mansion 大厦 (manse 住宅) confection 甜食 (con一起 + fect做)[footnoteRef:3] [3: confection的字面意思是放在一起做的食物，西式甜点会将很多的甜食放在一起做成一道甜食] 【拓展】 ★be admitted as　　　　　 被接纳为……; 作为……被承认 be admitted into/to 被……录取 ★admit doing/ having done sth. 承认做过某事 admit sb. / sth. to be+adj. /n. 承认某人/某物为…… 【高考范例】 （2020全国卷II）Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. 设计师詹妮弗·安德森承认，她花了一段时间才意识到使用海狸鼠皮草在道德上是可以接受的。 (2021•全国甲卷)“I have matured and I admit responsibility for my actions, ” he said in the letter. 他在信中说: “我成熟了, 我承认要对自己的行为负责。” 【习题】 ①If we _______________, they’ll want to go outside constantly.   如果我们承认这是一扇门, 他们就会不停地想走出去。 ②She ______________the hospital with a soaring temperature.   她因高烧被接收入院。 ③However, many people don’t want to ___________. So they always make the same mistake again and again.   但是, 许多的人不想面对失败。所以, 他们总是一次次地犯同一个错误。 ④He ______________a member of the baseball team.   他被接受成为棒球队的一名队员。 【答案】 ①admit it is a door ②was admitted to ③admit having failed ④was admitted as 【高考链接】 【2-2024一中高三下模2】Sitting on a lounge chair (躺椅) in her studio in northwest London, Duan Yiran, the_____________ (found) of a handcrafts workshop promoting the traditional indigo dyeing (靛蓝染色) technique, admits actually she used to hate the craft. founder 【2023南雅高二上月考1】A study in the UK in 2017 found that women_____________ (admit) they cry 72 times a year． admitted 6. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ vt. 激励, 鼓舞; 启发思考; 使产生(感觉或情感) 原文：Just as importantly, practicing tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it. 同样重要的是，练习太极还激励了我去探索太极背后的中国文化。(教材P25) 【变形】 inspiration n.灵感; 启示 inspired adj.受到鼓舞的; 品质优秀的 inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的, 鼓舞人心的 【拓展】 inspire sth. in sb. 激发某人的某种感情 inspire sb. with sth. 激发某人的某种感情 inspire sb. to do sth. 激发某人做某事 【高考范例】 （2021浙江卷）The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career (职业) in acting. 对他叔叔的崇拜和尊敬激励了尼尔森以表演为职业。 （2021全国甲卷）But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. 但我们想超越一个人，去探索天才的本性。 (2020•全国Ⅰ卷)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 无人驾驶的嫦娥四号探测器——这个名字的灵感来自中国古代的月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。 【习题】 ①(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and______________her family —and that’s pretty powerful.   詹妮弗是第一代毕业生, 也是她家庭的精神动力——这是非常强大的。 ②Their participation ________________________to study hard.   他们的参与激励了班上其他同学努力学习。 ③We’re trying to _______________confidence.   我们正试图激发他的信心。 【答案】①an inspiration to ②inspired the rest of the class ③inspire him with 【高考链接】 【2-2024雅礼高三下模2】I hope the honor I received can inspire more females______________ (develop) an interest in physics. to develop 【2025长郡高二下月考1】When Marguerite Richards posted a TikTok (抖音) video about her father’s decade-old thriller novel, she was hoping ______________(inspire) a little interest. to inspire 7. explore /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/ vt. & vi. 探究，探索；勘探，勘察 原文：Just as importantly, practicing tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it. 同样重要的是，练习太极还激励了我去探索太极背后的中国文化。(教材P25) 【变形】 exploration n. 探测；探究；踏勘 explorer n. 探险家；勘探者；探测器 【拓展】 ★explore (for) sth  勘探；勘查；探索；考察 ★the exploration of space 对宇宙空间的探索 【高考范例】 (2018·江苏高考) The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. 宇宙中其他星球上存在生命这种可能性一直激励科学家们去探索外部空间。 【习题】 ①I'm going to take advantage of this tour to _____________________.  我想利用这次旅行来探索这座城堡的历史 ②Tilman was __________________, mountaineer, sailor and writer.  提尔曼是个著名的探险家，登山家，水手和作家。 ③The _______________determined _______________the lonely island in the Pacific Ocean in order to write his new story about _______________.   为了写他新的探险故事, 这位探险家决心去探索太平洋上的孤岛。 【答案】①explore the history of the castle ②a famous explorer ③ explorer to explore exploration 【高考链接】 【2025长郡高三下月考8】This article invites you _______________ (explore) the attractive world of tai chi and discover its timeless charm and profound significance. to explore 【2025长郡高二下月考1】“Space is very different from the environment on Earth and can have different effects on spacecraft. What we do here is _______________(explore) how the effects take place and why,” Li Liyi, executive deputy director of SESRI, told Guangming Daily. to explore 8. satisfaction /ˌsætɪsˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n. 满意，满足；达到 原文：With these requirements of tai chi in mind, I found to my satisfaction that my balance and flexibility slowly improved…. 将太极拳的这些要求铭记于心，我非常满意地发现我的平衡力和灵活性慢慢地得到了改善….(教材P26) 【变形】 satisfy v. 使满意; 使满足 satisfied adj. 满意的 satisfying adj.令人满意的 【拓展】 ★with satisfaction　　 满意地 to one’s satisfaction 令某人满意的是 ★be satisfied with 对……满意 【高考范例】 （2018天津卷）These provide information on the numbers of students who finished the course, student satisfaction and more. 这些数据提供了完成课程的学生人数、学生满意度等信息。 （2016浙江卷）I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group. 我注意到八卦的三个影响：它会伤害别人，它会给八卦的人一种奇怪的满足感，它会给群体带来社会压力。 【习题】 ①___________________, the hotel will compensate us for our loss.  令我们感到满意的是，酒店会补偿我们的损失。 ②His answer did not ___________________ at all.  他的答复丝毫没有满足我的好奇心。 ③The one whose answer _______me will take the possession of it. 谁的回答令我满意, 谁就可以拥有它。 ④The books are far from _________, as I found some pages missing. 这些书很不令人满意, 因为我发现缺了几页。 【答案】①To our satisfaction ②satisfy my curiosity  ③satisfies ④satisfying 【高考链接】 【3-2024长郡高二上期末】I wish you enough gain________________ (satisfy) your desire. I wish you enough loss to appreciate all that you possess. to satisfy 【2023长郡高二上期末】The 45 is that multitasking is enjoyable. It's fun to satisfy your _______________(curious). curiosity 9.exist /ɪɡˈzɪst/ vi.存在; 生活, 生存 【原句背诵】Neither can exist independently of the other; for example, there is no shadow without light. 【变形】 existence n. 存在; 生活 existing adj. 存在的; 现行的 【拓展】 ★exist in 　　　　　　 存在于……中 exist on 靠……生活(生存) ★there exist(s) 有…… ★come into existence 形成, 产生 【高考范例】 （2020江苏卷）I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. 我对他的生活中存在的种种可能性感到一种敬畏。 （2018天津卷）A key element of creativity is applying existing knowledge to a new problem. 创造力的一个关键要素是将现有的知识应用到新问题上。 【习题】 ①As is known to us, the People’s Republic of China _________________as an independent country in 1949.   众所周知, 中华人民共和国是在1949年成为一个独立国家的。 ②________________________, races and lifestyles worldwide.   世界上存在着各种各样的文化, 民族和生活方式。 ③Some bad habits and uncivilized phenomena _________our school.   我们学校确实存在一些不良习惯和不文明现象。 【答案】①came into existence ②There exist various cultures ③do exist in 10. no wonder 不足为奇，并不奇怪 原文：No wonder some tai chi moves are named after animals. 太极拳的部分招式以动物来命名也就不足为奇了。(教材P25) 【拓展】 ★No wonder (that). . . =It’s no wonder(that). . . 难怪……; ……不足为奇 I wonder whether (if)/when/why/how. . . 我想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么…… ★There is no doubt that. . . 毫无疑问…… There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事无意义 There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事 【习题】 ①__________you are confused about our table manners, for it is the first time that you have been to China.   难怪你对我们的餐桌礼仪感到困惑, 因为这是你第一次来中国。 ②______________she misunderstood him. His spoken English is so poor.   怪不得她误解他, 他的英语口语那么差。 【答案】①No wonder ②No wonder that 11.in response to对……作出反应；作为对……的回复 原文：In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance. 【变形】 response 　　　 n. 反应; 回答; 答复 respond v. 回答, 作出反应 【拓展】 respond to sb. 答复某人 respond to sth. 对……作出回应 【高考范例】 (2021•全国乙卷)Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise. 由于影响很小, 这可能表明, 我们的创造性思维在对完全安静和对85分贝背景噪声的反应上没有太大的差异。 【习题】 ①I’m writing to have a brief introduction of Beijing Opera ____________your request.   我写信简要介绍京剧以回答你的要求。 ②I am quick in ____________different situations on the stage due to my hosting experience.   我凭借主持经验, 对台上的不同情况作出快速反应。 ③I’m writing to __________your advertisement for the position of Sales Manager.   我写这封信是为了应聘你们广告招聘销售经理的职位。 【答案】①in response to ②responding to ③respond to 【高考链接】 【2025雅礼高三下月考8】It can understand customers’ inquiries in real-time and offer accurate and ____________(efficiency) responses, enhancing the overall customer experience. efficient 【2023雅礼高三上月考1】____________(enrage) by the response, the farmer had intended to fire him on the spot. Enraged 【2025麓山国际高二下月考1】It also has low delay, which means a decrease in the response time between a device and the network ___________is connected to. it RSentences 1. How boring it is to exercise alone! 自己锻炼多无聊啊! 【拓展】 本句是一个感叹句, 其结构为: How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! 一、由 what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种： 1. 可用句型：“ What + a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如： What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！ What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！ 2. 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！”。如： What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊！ 3. 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！”。如： What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！ What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊！ 二、由 how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构分为二种： 1. 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词 / 副词＋主语＋谓语！”。如： How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！ How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！ 2. 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词＋ a/an ＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如： How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！ 由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如： How beautiful a girl she is! ＝ What a beautiful girl she is! What delicious cakes these are! ＝ How delicious these cakes are! 三、在口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略.如： What a nice present!（省略it is） How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语） 四．有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。 如： Good idea! （好主意！） wonderful! （太精彩了！）  五．做题时的窍门 口诀“形名相连用What，形名不连用how” 例如：How beautiful a girl she is! （形容词beautiful 与名词girl 不连，中间有冠词a, 所以用how） What a beautiful girl she is! （形容词beautiful 与名词girl 相连，所以用what） 【习题】 ①(2020•全国Ⅲ卷)I do know ____________________________, but I try to persuade them to keep smiling.   我确实知道店员会有多生气, 但我试图说服他们保持微笑。 ②____________I am to hear that you had your right shoulder injured seriously!   得知你右肩严重受伤我多么担忧啊! ③__________________________________________it is!   多么有意义而且难忘的经历啊! 【答案】①how upset the shop staff can get ②How worried ③What a meaningful and unforgettable experience 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 必修二 Unit 2 必修二U2【Reading语法】 ●Reading RWords 1. congratulation /kənˌɡrætʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ n.祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺 原文：You want to start doing exercise? Congratulations! You have just taken your first step towards a new and improved you!(教材P16) 【变形】 congratulate vt. 祝贺；恭喜；庆贺 【拓展】 ★a letter of congratulation 贺信 to offer/send your congratulations to sb 向某人致以祝贺 ★congratulate sb. on/upon (doing) sth 因（做某事祝贺某人） 【误区】表示“祝贺；恭喜”时，congratulation常用复数形式。 【习题】 1. I sent a card of ____________(congratulate) to the newly married couple. 2. He has received many letters______ congratulation of his birthday. 3. She congratulated him _______ the birth of his son. 4. ______________(congratulate) on the success of your experiment! 2.assume /əˈsjuːm/vt.假定，认为；承担（责任），就（职）；呈现，显露 原文：Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and the mind…. 大多数的人都认为经常锻炼对身心大有益处…。(教材P16) 【变形】 assume v．　 假定；设想；承担；假装 assumption n. 假定，假设 【拓展】 ★assume sb./sth.(to be)＋adj./n. 假定/认为某人/某事(为)… assuming (that)... 假设…… ★on the assumption that... 假定… make an assumption 作出假设 ★It is assumed that... 人们认为…… 【高考范例】 （2014安徽卷）So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. 所以，我们假设历史建筑对大多数人来说都是有吸引力和重要的。 （2013江苏卷）When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. 当他开始研究时，他认为在较年轻的化石中，减压病的迹象会更罕见，这反映了它们应对减压措施的逐渐演变。 【习题】 1.His actions were based on a false _________ (assume). 2._________(assume) he’s still alive, how old would he be now? 3.It is reasonable ____________(assume) that the economy will continue to improve. 【高考链接】 【2025长郡高三下月考8】Still, many of us would assume____________ , if we feel tired, it’s because we slept poorly. 【2-2024一中高三下模2】When kids sense your praise ____________(sincere), they assume you feel sorry for them or don’t understand them. 【2023雅礼高三上月考4】If a child has math____________ (anxious), don’t assume that they’re not good at math. 【2025明德高二下期中】These models have typically assumed that a single action____________ (determine) someone’s reputation. 3. tend /tend/ vi.往往会；趋向vt. 照看 原文：It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems. 有证据表明，经常锻炼的人往往免疫系统更好。 (教材P16) 【变形】 tendency n. 趋势；偏好；倾向 【拓展】 ★tend to do sth 易于做某事 tend to/towards sth 有……的趋势；倾向于…… tend (to) sb./sth照顾/照看某人/某物 ★have a tendency to do sth 倾向于做…… 【高考范例】 （2021全国乙卷）Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match. 即使是足球迷也有座位；成千上万的人站着观看比赛的日子一去不复返了。 （2020浙江卷）Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. 那些精神上有激励、退休前要求工作的人往往在测试中表现最好。 【习题】 ①When we are under stress, our bodies ___________ tense up.  当我们处在压力之下时，我们的身体往往会绷紧。 ②When I am tired, I tend_________(make) mistakes. ③I have a ____________(tend) to talk too much when I am nervous. 【高考链接】 【2-2024一中高三下模2】Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy, Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents ____________(tend) to be more strict.” 【2023中南博才高二上月考1】In her videos, she tends____________ (work) in silence and plays soothing music. 4. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt.减少，缩小 原文：Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings. 锻炼身体能帮助你缓解心理压力，克服负面情绪。(教材P16) 【变形】 reduction n. 减少；下降；缩小 【拓展】 be reduced/ increased to 减少/ 增加到… be reduced/ increased by 减少/ 增加了… be reduced to 沦落为 【高考范例】 （2021全国乙卷）Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 冯·王希望他的作品能帮助给大公司施加压力以减少使用塑料。 （2020天津卷）Fuel consumption could be reduced as the electric component is switched on at key parts of the journey, especially on take-off and landing. 在飞行的关键时候，特别是起飞和降落时，开启电子元件可以减少燃料消耗。 【习题】 ①They ________________ begging in the streets.  他们沦落到沿街乞讨。 ②The government is aiming at a 50% ________________ in unemployment.  政府正力争减少50%的失业人数。 【高考链接】 【2025南雅高三下月考8】By dividing it into specific actions, you’ll reduce anxiety and stay ________________(motivate). 【2025雅礼高三下月考8】For instance, efforts are being made to improve the data pre-processing techniques________________ (reduce) biases. 【4-2024长郡高三上月考4】Images and data from the Gaofen satellites have been ___________ (wide) used at thousands of research bodies and enterprises in dozens of industries across China and have helped reduce the country’s ________________ (dependent) on foreign remote-sensing products. 【2025一中高二上期末】Thus, your car gets charged, the owners make money, and emissions___ ______________(reduce). 5. range /reɪndʒ/ n.（变动或浮动的）范围，界限，区间；一系列 原文： … and improve your body’s range of movement. …增大肢体活动的幅度。 (教材P17) 【拓展】 ★in/ within range of 在… 范围内 out of range of 超出…的范围 a range of 一系列的 beyond one’s range of 超出…的范围 ★range from… to… 从…到… 变化 range between … and … 在… 范围内变动 【高考范例】 （2021全国乙卷）69 Activities (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 70 to have (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 那里的活动包括观鲸、徒步旅行以及住宿安排，其目的是对自然环境的影响较小。 （2014湖南卷）The FREE squad sessions will include introductions to a wide range of writing styles, from poetry to play writing and lyrics (抒情诗）to flash fiction, to support the development of young writers. 自由队的课程将包括介绍广泛的写作风格，从诗歌到剧本写作，从抒情诗到闪小说，以支持年轻作家的发展。 【习题】 ①The job encompasses _________________________.  这项工作涉及的职责范围很广。 ②This was _____________________ his experience.  这超出了他的阅历。 【高考链接】 【2025雅礼高三下月考8】It can handle a wide range of natural language tasks with high __________________(accurate), from text generation to question-answering systems. 【2023高三下雅礼二模】The Sichuan Opera is said_________________(bring) this range of emotions on stage. 【2025附中高二上期中】Since the Poetry Nightstand project started, people _______________(donate) a wide range of writing. Barrows has shared most of the submissions on social media. 6. energy /ˈenədʒi/ n.能，能量；精力；能源 原文：Like cars that run on petrol, your body burns carbohydrates for energy.(教材P17) 【变形】 energetic adj. 精力充沛的；积极的；有力的 【拓展】 ★full of energy精力充沛；充满活力 creative/destructive energies 创造/毁灭力 solar/nuclear energy 太阳能；核能 【高考范例】 （2020全国卷I）Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)--such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway--a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 由于照明通常离电源很远——比如从发电厂到偏远公路上的路灯的距离——在传输过程中会损失很多能量。 发光植物可以缩短这段距离，因此有助于节约能源。 （2020天津卷）A battery, even a lithium one, only provides 250 watt-hours per kilogram; compare this to liquid fuel, which has a specific energy of 11, 890 watt-hours per kilogram. 一块电池，即使是锂电池，每公斤只能提供250瓦时；与液体燃料相比，液体燃料的比能是11,890瓦特时每公斤。 【高考链接】 【2-2024雅礼高三下模2】Academician Huang made three commitments to himself — to contribute his energy to scientific research; to apply his achievements in the fields; and _________________(provide) more opportunities for young people. 【2025附中高二上期末】Purple is considered a cool color, which can create a sense of calm and _________________(stable). Unlike blue, another cool color, purple also includes elements of red, a warm color that adds a sense of energy and expansion. 【2025长郡高二下月考1】In this area, more than 99 percent of visible matter is in a plasma (等离子体) state in which gas is in a highly charged and ________________(energy) state of matter. 7. average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ n.平均水平，一般水平 adj.平均的；典型的 原文：In general, you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising. 一般情况下，应该在锻炼之前一个半到两个半小时进食。(教材P17) 【拓展】 ★an average of 平均是… on (the/an) average 平均；普通，通常 above the average 在一般水平(或平均数)以上 below the average 在一般水平(或平均数)以下 【高考范例】 （2021浙江卷）Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet. 现在的孩子平均每天花四个半小时看屏幕，一半时间看电视，一半时间上网。 （2020江苏卷）Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. 然后，在科学家实验室的两次早晨访问中，每个人都以平均速度走了一个小时，从理论上讲，这种速度可以让他的身体依靠脂肪提供能量。 【习题】 ①The boats remain at sea for _______________ ten days at a time.  这些船平均每次在海上呆10天。 ②What does _______________ sitting in the auditorium look like?  坐在礼堂里的那些普通人是什么样子？ ③________________, snow falls on Helvellyn 67 days per year.  在赫尔维林峰，每年平均有67天会降雪。 【高考链接】 【2-2024雅礼高三上期中】These interactive events_______________ (become) the city’s tourism highlight, attracting __________daily average of 300, 000 tourists to the Grand Tang Mall since June. 【2023高三下雅礼一模】She said, since we all had __________ similar high average, she would talk to our teachers to see who most deserved it. 【2023雅礼高三上月考3】The size of each sculpture is no more __________ 6 mm unless it is a tower. And each takes an average of 10 hours __________ (finish). 8.prevent /prɪˈvent/ vt.阻止，阻碍 原文：To prevent soft tissue injury…. 为避免软组织受伤…。(教材P17) 【变形】 prevention n. 预防；阻止 【拓展】 prevent (doing) sth 阻止(做)某事 prevent sb/ sth (from) doing sth 阻止某人/ 某物做某事 【高考范例】 （2020新高考I卷）Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. 遵守所有规则，以免被取消资格。 【习题】 ①We hope to ________________________ happening. 我们希望防止任何不愉快的事发生。 ②___________________ had to be given more prominence. 犯罪预防得给予更多重视。 【高考链接】 【2025雅礼高三下模1】Advanced irrigation systems now water about 370,000 acres of fields, while ________________(new) planted forests prevent soil erosion. 【4-2024长郡高三上月考4】Developed by the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, the Gaofen 12D is equipped with microwave payloads and its data will be used ______________ (help) with land mapping, urban planning, agricultural yield forecasting, and disaster prevention. 【2023一中高三上月考2】As some communities begin to reopen during the global coronavirus(COVID-19) pandemic, public health officials say the best way______________ (prevent) illness is to avoid being exposed to this virus. 9.lack /læk/ n.缺乏，匮乏，短缺 vt. & vi.没有，缺乏，不足，短缺 原文：…their lack of exercise during weekdays. … 他们在工作日缺乏锻炼。(教材P19) 【变形】 lacking adj. 缺乏的，不足的；缺失的 【拓展】 ★lack sth 缺乏某物 lack for sth 需要某物 ★for lack of sth因为缺乏某物 a lack of 缺乏某物 ★be lacking in sth缺乏某物 【高考范例】 （2020天津卷）I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. 我从来没有见过优秀的人缺少这两种品质。我也从未见过一个普通人同时拥有这两种品质。 （2014福建卷）Strange as it may seem, if you’re unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires—not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you don’t have enough tastes. 这听起来很奇怪，如果你不满足，问题不是缺乏满足欲望的手段，而是缺乏欲望——不是你不能满足自己的品味，而是你的品味不够。 【习题】 ①The only thing we __________________ is time.  我们唯一缺少的就是时间。 ②The project had to be abandoned due to _________________ government funding.  这项工程由于缺乏政府的资助而不得不放弃。 【高考链接】 【2025雅礼高三下月考8】However, the tradition has declined over the years due to rapid urbanization, scarcity of wood and lack of available construction space, all of _______________ threaten its transmission and survival. 【2023高三下雅礼一模】When you do try, your lack of trust_______________ yourself may ultimately lead you to fail. 【2022雅礼高二上月考3】“In today’s digital age, many people are lonelier than ever. Apparently, for people ______________ (lack) physical interaction, their mental health ______________ (affect) by my hugging therapy,” said Jessica. 10.make up for弥补，补偿 原文：Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost through sweat. 锻炼过程中别忘了喝水，以弥补出汗消耗的水分。(教材P17) 【拓展】 make sure 确信；证实 make up 弥补；组成；化妆；整理 make full/good use of 充分利用 make the most of充分利用 make a difference 有影响，有关系 make out 理解；辨认出；说明；填写；设法应付 make for 导致；有助于；走向 make it获得成功 make sense 讲得通 ; 有意义 ; 有道理 ; 言之有理 make clear 澄清 ; 弄清楚 ; 表明 ; 说明  ◎Doctors battled throughout the night to save the patient’s life.医生们奋战了整个晚上来抢救病人的生命。 ◎China exports its products to markets throughout the world.中国把产品出口到世界各地的市场。 ◎After all the delays, we were anxious to make up for lost time.耽搁了这么久，我们急着想弥补失去的时间。 【习题】 ①Muslims ___________ 55% of the population.  穆斯林占人口的55%。 ②All these opinions ____________, and consequently it is hard to choose the best of them.  所有意见都有道理，因此很难说哪个是最好的。 ③I ____________ the woods!  我往树林跑去 ④This is especially important as it will _____________the value of solving the problems.  这点尤其重要，因为它会使解决这些问题的意义更加明确。 【高考链接】 【2025长郡高三下月考8】Because what you tell yourself the next day about how you slept, and about how much it matters, can make a difference______how you perceive your tiredness. 【2025高三下二轮复习联考2】“It’s hard to change your habits around your phone use because our phones are thoughtfully designed to attract our attention and make it difficult __________(turn) away,” Catherine Price, author of How to Break Up With Your Phone, explains. 【2-2024一中高三上月考2】In ancient times, alcohol was used as a stimulant and reward for the army. The stimulating drink could make cowards brave, cheer up__________exhausted and raise the spirits of the army. RSentences 1. 原文：The first thing to consider is what you expect to improve…. 首先要考虑的是你想要提升哪方面。 (教材P17) 【拓展】本句中 “the first”是序数词，修饰“thing”，当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，the next, the only, the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。 ①I'll be the first one to admit it: I don't like working hard.  我将是第一个承认这一点的人：我不喜欢努力工作。 ②He was among the last to leave.  他是最后离开者之一。 【习题】 (1)In my family，my mother is always the first one (get up). 在我的家庭里，我妈妈总是第一个起床。 (2)He is always the first staff (go) to the office and the last (leave)，which I think is why he is promoted so quickly. 他往往是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开的人，我认为这就是他这么快得到晋升的原因。 (3)John is said to be the only young teacher (promote) to professor in your university this year. 据说约翰是今年你们大学唯一已经晋级教授的年轻教师。 必修二U2【Extended reading语法】 ● Extended Reading R Words 1. announce /əˈnaʊns/ v. 宣布，宣告；通知 原文：We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again! 我们很高兴宣布，社区体育中心不久将会再次开放予市民使用! (教材P20) 【变形】 announcement n. 通告; 宣布; 声明 -ment n. 行为或结果 movement 运动 (move 动) agreement 协议，约定 (agree 同意) establishment 建立，设立 (establish建立)=set up=found management 管理 (manage 管理) n. 具体事物，具象化 pavement 人行道 (pave 铺路) basement 地下室 (base 基础) segment 部分 (seg =sect 切割，分开) fragment 碎片 (frag = break破碎) 【拓展】 ★announce that . . . 　　　宣布……; 宣告…… ★it is announced that . . . 据宣布…… ★make an announcement 发布公告; 发表消息 【高考范例】 （2011北京卷）So when our retirement community（社区）announced that they were having an essay competition and the topic was an experience of a lifetime that you wanted to have, I decided to write about my dream. 当我们的退休社区宣布他们要举办一场作文比赛，题目是你想拥有的人生经历，我决定写我的梦想。 【习题】 ①They will _________________of the vote tonight.   今晚他们将宣布投票结果。 ②___________________new speed restrictions would be introduced.   据宣布, 将有新的限速规定出台。 ③__________________________on Tuesday to coincide with International Museum Day.   这个通告在星期二宣告, 正好配合国际博物馆日。 ④(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Share library ______________ on your social media. 在你的社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。 【高考链接】 【2025一中高三下模1】Now it was the gym class. The coach announced they_____________ (play) volleyball. 【2025附中高二上期末】We are thrilled_____________ (announce) an open call for submissions for our upcoming English Collage Poetry collection. 【1-2024南雅高二下月考1】In a statement_____________ (announce) the project, NASA said information on the Dark Ages can only be learned through data collected from radio waves. 2.replace /rɪˈpleɪs/ vt. 用… 替换；代替，取代；更换，更新 原文：…our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, …我们的有氧运动课已经被其他有趣的选择所取代(教材P20) 【变形】 replacement n. 更换；替代，替换 irreplaceable adj.不可替换的 -ir “in-” 的变体，用于以字母 r开头的词根前，表示“不”、“非”、“无”。 同源前缀还有 “il-” (用于l前，如 illegal), “im-” (用于b, m, p前，如 impossible), “in-” (通用)。 irregular (不规则的) irresponsible (不负责任的) irrelevant (不相关的) irrational (不合理的；非理性的) irreplaceable (不可替代的) irreversible (不可逆转的) irreconcilable (不可调和的) irresistible (不可抗拒的) irreverent (不敬的) irreparable (不可修复的) irresistible (不可抵抗的) irredeemable (不可救药的) irrefutable (无可辩驳的) irrepressible (压抑不住的) irrespective (不考虑的，常与of连用) irretrievable (不可挽回的) irreproachable (无可指责的) irreligious (无宗教的；反对宗教的) irresolute (犹豫不决的) irrespective (不考虑的，常与of连用) irresponsive (无反应的) irrevocable (不可撤销的) 【拓展】 ★replace A with  B 用B代替A be replaced by  被… 取代 ★a replacement for …的替代者 ★take the place of 代替 in place of 代替 【高考范例】 (2020•全国Ⅰ卷)We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day. 我们正在思考如何改造植物来取代我们日常使用的东西的功能。【习题】 ①It’s good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them, but they can never _____________your own culture. 喜欢并学习其他的文化很好, 但是它们永远无法取代自己的文化。 ②The report says that millions of jobs will _____________artificial intelligence(AI),robots and automation.   据报道, 将会有数百万工作被人工智能, 机器人和自动化所替代。 ③I will no longer use one-off things and _______ plastic bags ____ paper bags. 我将不再使用一次性物品, 并且用纸袋代替塑料袋。 ④Nothing can ever ______________real love and family togetherness.   什么也取代不了真爱和家庭和睦。 【高考链接】 【2-2024雅礼高三下模2】She has both male and female students, who are_____________ (replace) to each other. 【1-2024一中高三下适应演练2】Sally’s birthday was approaching, and the excitement that usually filled her heart _____________ (replace) with disappointment and stress now. 3. position /pəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 处境; 位置; 姿势; 观点; 地位 原文：(教材原句)What would you do in my position? 你处在我的位置会怎么做? 【变形】 positional​ 位置的，定位的 well-positioned​ 定位良好的，处于有利位置的 -al a. ……的 (副词形式是-ally) national 国家的 (nation 国家) personal 个人的 (person 人) natural 自然的 (nature 自然) central 中心的 (center 中间) local 当地的 (loc 地方) normal 正常的 (norm 规则，标准) final 最终的 (fin 结束) total 总的 (tot 全部) social 社会的，社交的 (soci 伙伴) 副词形式-ally举例： conditionally 有条件地 (condition 条件) exceptionally 例外地 (exception 例外) n. 人，物，状态 rival 竞争者 (riv来自于river，像河流一样跑动) criminal 犯罪分子 (crim 罪行) mural 壁画 (mur 墙壁) cereal 谷物 (cere 谷) hospital 医院 (hospit 客人) dismissal 解雇，不予理会 (dismiss 解雇) refusal 拒绝，回绝 (refuse 拒绝) withdrawal 撤退，撤销 (with相反+draw拉+al) survival 生存，幸存 (sur之后+viv 活着) 【拓展】 ★be in position　　　　 　 就位; 在适当的位置 out of position 在不适当的位置, 不合适的 in a good/bad position​ 处境好/坏 apply for a position​ 申请一个职位 take up a position 担任工作 take the position that. . . 认为……, 主张…… 【高考范例】 （2021全国甲卷）In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. 在全球通讯的网络世界里，我们在任何地方都能看到天才的出现。 （2019全国卷I）Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups. 通过暑期就业机会项目，学生每年都会在省级公共服务机构、相关机构和社区团体中担任各种暑期职位。 【习题】 ①He offered to ________________in the special action.   他主动提出要参与这次特别行动。 ②I ___________________proper rules should be set to prevent such behavior.   我主张制定适当的规定以阻止这种行为的发生。 ③Every vehicle ___________, and the game can start now.   每一部车辆都已就位, 比赛现在可以开始了。 ④One of the cups is _____________. Put it back _________.   其中有只杯子位置不对, 把它放回适当的位置。 【高考链接】 【2025附中高三下模拟2】“During a 21km trial, a screw (螺丝钉) ___________ (connect) the ankle motor and linkage broke at the 15km mark. We reinforced (加固) _________ part with three positioning pins — no issues since,” recalled Cui Wenhao, leader of the Xuanfeng Xiaozi Team. 【2025一中高三下模拟2】For example, to emphasize the significance of imperial authority, the royal palace was placed in the central position while other key structures were___________ (skillful) arranged. 【2-2024一中高三上月考2】It comes from practicing again and again. Professionals can make themselves because they devote their work, practice, and time to___________(obtain) this position instead of managing to read books only. This distinguishes them from all the others. 【2025明德高二下期末】For an injector to work effectively, it must __________ (position) almost perfectly upright against the target tissue. 4. hesitate /ˈhezɪteɪt/ vi. 犹豫；迟疑 原文：When my friend first suggested that we join the new Tai Chi Club at school, I hesitated. 当我的朋友第一次建议我们加入学校的新太极俱乐部时，我犹豫了一下(教材P25) 【变形】 hesitation n. 犹豫 hesitant adj. 迟疑的；踌躇的；犹豫不定的 -ant /-ent a. ……的 vibrant 生机勃勃的 (vibr 振动) important 重要的 pleasant 令人愉快的 (pleas 愉快，取悦) dominant 占主导地位的 (domin 统治) different 不同的 independent 独立的，不依赖的 obedient 顺从的，服从的 (obey 服从) n. ……的人 servant 仆人 (serv 服务) participant 参与者 (part 部分) student 学生 (stud 学习，努力) president 总统，校长 (preside 主持) -ent还可以表示“……的药剂”，如： detergent 洗涤剂 (deterg 擦干净) solvent 溶剂 (solve溶解) 【拓展】 ★hesitate to do sth 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事 hesitate about/ over 对… 犹豫不决 ★without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 ★be hesitant about (doing) 对(做)某事犹豫 be hesitant to do sth 不愿做某事 【高考范例】 (2020•天津高考)Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. 我们大多数人在遇到新朋友、新想法时都会犹豫。 【习题】 ①If you want to know more details, please ______________get in touch with me.   如果你想知道更多细节, 请立刻与我取得联系。 ②He promised ______________________________in pursuing reforms.   他保证在实行改革时不会再有迟疑。 ③Henry ran to the riverside, threw off his clothes and jumped into the water _____________.   亨利跑到河边, 脱掉衣服, 毫不迟疑地跳进河里。 【高考链接】 【2025明德高二下期末】The English-speaking community does not hesitate about absorbing foreign words into its daily vocabulary. In fact, there have never been any formal _______________(academy) restrictions on new borrowed words. 5.admit /ədˈmɪt/ vt. & vi.承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入 原文：I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi. 我不得不承认我以前对太极的看法是错误的。(教材P25) 【变形】 admission n.承认; 供认; 入场费; 门票费 -ion[footnoteRef:2] [2: 我们学习中常见的-sion/-tion其实就是-ion的同化结果，这里直接视为一类] n. 动作或状态 (另参考-ation) concision 简明，简洁 (concise 简洁的) expansion 扩张 (expand 扩大) discussion 讨论 (discuss 讨论) conclusion 结论 (conclude 下结论，总结) protection 保护 (protect 保护) decision 决定 (decide 做决定) n. 物品 accordion 手风琴 (accord 和谐) scorpion 蝎子 (scorp 原来的意思是一种鱼) mansion 大厦 (manse 住宅) confection 甜食 (con一起 + fect做)[footnoteRef:3] [3: confection的字面意思是放在一起做的食物，西式甜点会将很多的甜食放在一起做成一道甜食] 【拓展】 ★be admitted as　　　　　 被接纳为……; 作为……被承认 be admitted into/to 被……录取 ★admit doing/ having done sth. 承认做过某事 admit sb. / sth. to be+adj. /n. 承认某人/某物为…… 【高考范例】 （2020全国卷II）Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. 设计师詹妮弗·安德森承认，她花了一段时间才意识到使用海狸鼠皮草在道德上是可以接受的。 (2021•全国甲卷)“I have matured and I admit responsibility for my actions, ” he said in the letter. 他在信中说: “我成熟了, 我承认要对自己的行为负责。” 【习题】 ①If we _______________, they’ll want to go outside constantly.   如果我们承认这是一扇门, 他们就会不停地想走出去。 ②She ______________the hospital with a soaring temperature.   她因高烧被接收入院。 ③However, many people don’t want to ___________. So they always make the same mistake again and again.   但是, 许多的人不想面对失败。所以, 他们总是一次次地犯同一个错误。 ④He ______________a member of the baseball team.   他被接受成为棒球队的一名队员。 【高考链接】 【2-2024一中高三下模2】Sitting on a lounge chair (躺椅) in her studio in northwest London, Duan Yiran, the_____________ (found) of a handcrafts workshop promoting the traditional indigo dyeing (靛蓝染色) technique, admits actually she used to hate the craft. 【2023南雅高二上月考1】A study in the UK in 2017 found that women_____________ (admit) they cry 72 times a year． 6. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ vt. 激励, 鼓舞; 启发思考; 使产生(感觉或情感) 原文：Just as importantly, practicing tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it. 同样重要的是，练习太极还激励了我去探索太极背后的中国文化。(教材P25) 【变形】 inspiration n.灵感; 启示 inspired adj.受到鼓舞的; 品质优秀的 inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的, 鼓舞人心的 【拓展】 inspire sth. in sb. 激发某人的某种感情 inspire sb. with sth. 激发某人的某种感情 inspire sb. to do sth. 激发某人做某事 【高考范例】 （2021浙江卷）The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career (职业) in acting. 对他叔叔的崇拜和尊敬激励了尼尔森以表演为职业。 （2021全国甲卷）But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. 但我们想超越一个人，去探索天才的本性。 (2020•全国Ⅰ卷)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 无人驾驶的嫦娥四号探测器——这个名字的灵感来自中国古代的月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。 【习题】 ①(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and______________her family —and that’s pretty powerful.   詹妮弗是第一代毕业生, 也是她家庭的精神动力——这是非常强大的。 ②Their participation ________________________to study hard.   他们的参与激励了班上其他同学努力学习。 ③We’re trying to _______________confidence.   我们正试图激发他的信心。 【高考链接】 【2-2024雅礼高三下模2】I hope the honor I received can inspire more females______________ (develop) an interest in physics. 【2025长郡高二下月考1】When Marguerite Richards posted a TikTok (抖音) video about her father’s decade-old thriller novel, she was hoping ______________(inspire) a little interest. 7. explore /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/ vt. & vi. 探究，探索；勘探，勘察 原文：Just as importantly, practicing tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it. 同样重要的是，练习太极还激励了我去探索太极背后的中国文化。(教材P25) 【变形】 exploration n. 探测；探究；踏勘 explorer n. 探险家；勘探者；探测器 【拓展】 ★explore (for) sth  勘探；勘查；探索；考察 ★the exploration of space 对宇宙空间的探索 【高考范例】 (2018·江苏高考) The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. 宇宙中其他星球上存在生命这种可能性一直激励科学家们去探索外部空间。 【习题】 ①I'm going to take advantage of this tour to _____________________.  我想利用这次旅行来探索这座城堡的历史 ②Tilman was __________________, mountaineer, sailor and writer.  提尔曼是个著名的探险家，登山家，水手和作家。 ③The _______________determined _______________the lonely island in the Pacific Ocean in order to write his new story about _______________.   为了写他新的探险故事, 这位探险家决心去探索太平洋上的孤岛。 【高考链接】 【2025长郡高三下月考8】This article invites you _______________ (explore) the attractive world of tai chi and discover its timeless charm and profound significance. 【2025长郡高二下月考1】“Space is very different from the environment on Earth and can have different effects on spacecraft. What we do here is _______________(explore) how the effects take place and why,” Li Liyi, executive deputy director of SESRI, told Guangming Daily. 8. satisfaction /ˌsætɪsˈfækʃ(ə)n/ n. 满意，满足；达到 原文：With these requirements of tai chi in mind, I found to my satisfaction that my balance and flexibility slowly improved…. 将太极拳的这些要求铭记于心，我非常满意地发现我的平衡力和灵活性慢慢地得到了改善….(教材P26) 【变形】 satisfy v. 使满意; 使满足 satisfied adj. 满意的 satisfying adj.令人满意的 【拓展】 ★with satisfaction　　 满意地 to one’s satisfaction 令某人满意的是 ★be satisfied with 对……满意 【高考范例】 （2018天津卷）These provide information on the numbers of students who finished the course, student satisfaction and more. 这些数据提供了完成课程的学生人数、学生满意度等信息。 （2016浙江卷）I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group. 我注意到八卦的三个影响：它会伤害别人，它会给八卦的人一种奇怪的满足感，它会给群体带来社会压力。 【习题】 ①___________________, the hotel will compensate us for our loss.  令我们感到满意的是，酒店会补偿我们的损失。 ②His answer did not ___________________ at all.  他的答复丝毫没有满足我的好奇心。 ③The one whose answer _______me will take the possession of it. 谁的回答令我满意, 谁就可以拥有它。 ④The books are far from _________, as I found some pages missing. 这些书很不令人满意, 因为我发现缺了几页。 【高考链接】 【3-2024长郡高二上期末】I wish you enough gain________________ (satisfy) your desire. I wish you enough loss to appreciate all that you possess. 【2023长郡高二上期末】The 45 is that multitasking is enjoyable. It's fun to satisfy your _______________(curious). 9.exist /ɪɡˈzɪst/ vi.存在; 生活, 生存 【原句背诵】Neither can exist independently of the other; for example, there is no shadow without light. 【变形】 existence n. 存在; 生活 existing adj. 存在的; 现行的 【拓展】 ★exist in 　　　　　　 存在于……中 exist on 靠……生活(生存) ★there exist(s) 有…… ★come into existence 形成, 产生 【高考范例】 （2020江苏卷）I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. 我对他的生活中存在的种种可能性感到一种敬畏。 （2018天津卷）A key element of creativity is applying existing knowledge to a new problem. 创造力的一个关键要素是将现有的知识应用到新问题上。 【习题】 ①As is known to us, the People’s Republic of China _________________as an independent country in 1949.   众所周知, 中华人民共和国是在1949年成为一个独立国家的。 ②________________________, races and lifestyles worldwide.   世界上存在着各种各样的文化, 民族和生活方式。 ③Some bad habits and uncivilized phenomena _________our school.   我们学校确实存在一些不良习惯和不文明现象。 10. no wonder 不足为奇，并不奇怪 原文：No wonder some tai chi moves are named after animals. 太极拳的部分招式以动物来命名也就不足为奇了。(教材P25) 【拓展】 ★No wonder (that). . . =It’s no wonder(that). . . 难怪……; ……不足为奇 I wonder whether (if)/when/why/how. . . 我想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么…… ★There is no doubt that. . . 毫无疑问…… There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事无意义 There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事 【习题】 ①__________you are confused about our table manners, for it is the first time that you have been to China.   难怪你对我们的餐桌礼仪感到困惑, 因为这是你第一次来中国。 ②______________she misunderstood him. His spoken English is so poor.   怪不得她误解他, 他的英语口语那么差。 11.in response to对……作出反应；作为对……的回复 原文：In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance. 【变形】 response 　　　 n. 反应; 回答; 答复 respond v. 回答, 作出反应 【拓展】 respond to sb. 答复某人 respond to sth. 对……作出回应 【高考范例】 (2021•全国乙卷)Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise. 由于影响很小, 这可能表明, 我们的创造性思维在对完全安静和对85分贝背景噪声的反应上没有太大的差异。 【习题】 ①I’m writing to have a brief introduction of Beijing Opera ____________your request.   我写信简要介绍京剧以回答你的要求。 ②I am quick in ____________different situations on the stage due to my hosting experience.   我凭借主持经验, 对台上的不同情况作出快速反应。 ③I’m writing to __________your advertisement for the position of Sales Manager.   我写这封信是为了应聘你们广告招聘销售经理的职位。 【高考链接】 【2025雅礼高三下月考8】It can understand customers’ inquiries in real-time and offer accurate and ____________(efficiency) responses, enhancing the overall customer experience. 【2023雅礼高三上月考1】____________(enrage) by the response, the farmer had intended to fire him on the spot. 【2025麓山国际高二下月考1】It also has low delay, which means a decrease in the response time between a device and the network ___________is connected to. RSentences 1. How boring it is to exercise alone! 自己锻炼多无聊啊! 【拓展】 本句是一个感叹句, 其结构为: How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! 一、由 what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种： 1. 可用句型：“ What + a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如： What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！ What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！ 2. 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！”。如： What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊！ 3. 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！”。如： What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！ What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊！ 二、由 how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构分为二种： 1. 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词 / 副词＋主语＋谓语！”。如： How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！ How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！ 2. 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词＋ a/an ＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如： How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！ 由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如： How beautiful a girl she is! ＝ What a beautiful girl she is! What delicious cakes these are! ＝ How delicious these cakes are! 三、在口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略.如： What a nice present!（省略it is） How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语） 四．有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。 如： Good idea! （好主意！） wonderful! （太精彩了！）  五．做题时的窍门 口诀“形名相连用What，形名不连用how” 例如：How beautiful a girl she is! （形容词beautiful 与名词girl 不连，中间有冠词a, 所以用how） What a beautiful girl she is! （形容词beautiful 与名词girl 相连，所以用what） 【习题】 ①(2020•全国Ⅲ卷)I do know ____________________________, but I try to persuade them to keep smiling.   我确实知道店员会有多生气, 但我试图说服他们保持微笑。 ②____________I am to hear that you had your right shoulder injured seriously!   得知你右肩严重受伤我多么担忧啊! ③__________________________________________it is!   多么有意义而且难忘的经历啊! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $