专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（湖南专用）2026年中考英语二模分类汇编

**基本信息** 初中英语说明文阅读理解专题汇编，涵盖人与自我（兴趣爱好、语言学习等）、人与社会（AI教育、科技旅游等）、人与自然（动物文化、气象科学等）主题，精选湖南多地二模真题，情境贴近学生生活与时代热点，考查细节理解、推理判断等核心能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|15篇60题|细节理解（如时间、方法）、词义猜测（如“outweigh”“leak”）、推理判断（段落意图）、主旨归纳（最佳标题）|素材具时代性（AI、环保建筑），问题梯度分明（基础到提升），汇编自湖南多地二模真题，契合中考命题趋势|

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——兴趣爱好；语言学习；学习与休息； Passage 1 （2026·初三·湖南衡阳市·二模） In recent years, many people enjoy watching and listening to birds in parks. This activity, called bird-watching, has become a popular hobby. But why is it so popular? Studies have found bird-watching can improve moods (心情). One study showed people who watch birds feel happier for most of the day. Another research found people living in areas with more kinds of birds feel more satisfied with their lives. Scientists say the activity helps brains connect with nature. Besides, bird-watching brings simple fun. Watching a bird fly freely is relaxing. Their bright colors and beautiful songs bring interest. You don’t need to get close to them. Just sitting quietly, you can enjoy their world. This makes bird-watching a peaceful activity for anyone. What’s more, it is easy to start this hobby. You don’t need special training or high cost. A small natural space nearby is enough. Families can enjoy the outdoors together. Children love to find different birds. It becomes a game for them. Older people find it a quiet way to spend time. If you want to try it, put a bird feeder outside. You can even make one with a pine cone (松果) and peanut butter (花生酱). You can also keep a list of the birds you see. Planting local plants in your backyard is another great way to invite birds. These simple steps help you get started. This new hobby might bring more than just birds into your daily life. It brings peace, joy, and a closer look at nature. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By giving an example. 2．What can we know about bird-watching from Paragraph 2? A．It improves people’s life skills. B．It teaches how to care for birds. C．It brings happiness and satisfaction. 3．Which of the following is a way to start bird-watching? A．Buying a special bird feeder. B．Joining a bird-watching club. C．Planting plants in the backyard. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Birds and Their Living Habits B．Joy and Rise of Bird-watching C．Ways to Protect Birds in Cities Passage 2 （2026·初三·湖南湘西州凤凰县·二模） Does it seem that the things you say often make others unhappy? If so, maybe people are thinking that your English isn’t polite. Let’s learn how to avoid being rude (粗鲁的) and be polite in English! In English, when you make a request, it’s often considered rude to use the words such as “I want” and “I need”. They are very direct and sound impolite. For example, instead of saying “I want a cup of coffee”, you could make it sound more polite by adding some softening words like “I’d like a cup of coffee, please.” You’ll get your coffee and a smile, too. What’s more, people often do not like being told what to do. Try to replace phrases that sound like commands (命令) such as “Give me the newspaper.” To be more polite, you could make a request like “Can you pass me the newspaper, please?” In English, “Why don’t we…?” is a polite way of suggesting something when you are introducing a new idea that other people have not thought of. Or, you could use “Perhaps we could…” when you are not completely sure if it is a good idea. Last but not least, what if your friend gives you an invitation but you are not able to go? Instead of simply saying “No”, you could politely say “I’m afraid I can’t” to avoid offense.   So, if you’d like to be a nice person, learning how to be polite in English is necessary. 1．You may make a request like “________” to get what you want politely and pleasantly. A．I need a cup of tea. B．I’d like a cup of tea, please. C．Waiter, a cup of tea. 2．What should you say when you are uncertain whether your idea is good? A．Perhaps we could…. B．Certainly we must. C．Clearly we should. 3．When you turn down an invitation, simply saying “No” is________. A．wise B．indirect C．impolite 4．What might be the best title of this passage? A．Be polite in English B．Be proud in English C．Be brave in English Passage 3 （2026·初三·湖南邵阳市·二模） Do you look forward to a homework-free holiday in spring or autumn? Some schools in China now offer spring and autumn breaks to primary and middle school students. Hengyang, Hunan introduced its first spring break from April 1st to April 3rd, 2026. Wang Ming, a middle school student from Hengyang, was excited about his first spring break. “My parents took me to the countryside and I painted outdoors,” Wang said happily. Other students also shared their activities, such as learning to grow vegetables and exploring nature parks. These activities help build a bridge between school lessons and real life. However, some parents worry that holidays may influence their children’s learning. In fact, most studies showed that the advantages of the holidays would outweigh the disadvantages. During holidays, children have more chances to get close to nature. Being in nature is a good way to relax their body and mind. It also teaches them to be patient, stay curious and find beauty in simple things. Getting close to nature is more than just fun—it is an important part of our growth. It gives us a break from our busy lives and opens a door to discovery. After all, life itself is the greatest teacher. Sometimes, the best lessons are not in the classroom but under the open sky. 1． When was the first spring break in Hengyang? A．From April 1st to April 3rd, 2026. B．From April 1st to April 3rd, 2025. C．From April 1st to April 3rd, 2024. 2． What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A．Many students do not support the spring break. B．Students prefer to stay at home during the break. C．The activities help connect school lessons with real life. 3． What does the underlined word “outweigh” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．超过 B．低于 C．等于 4． What is the main idea of the passage? A．All the students look forward to the breaks. B．Students can benefit a lot from the breaks. C．Some parents worry about their children’s learning during the breaks. 主题02 人与社会——科技与教育；科技与生活 Passage 1 (2026·初三·湖南长沙宁乡市·二模) Can you imagine a classroom where you can have a chat with Confucius or Shakespeare? With the help of artificial intelligence (AI), the characters in textbooks are not still anymore. They can move around, talk to you, and answer your questions! In some Chinese schools, students can interact (互动) with AI-made famous people. For example, a lively Li Bai can read his poems with lots of feelings. In history classes, a 3D-made Aristotle (亚里士多德) uses hand movements to explain philosophy. Tools like Doubao and Yuanbao can change boring pictures into lively, talking characters. AI makes learning more interesting and fits each student. In art classes, students can use AI to make old paintings look modern. A student said, “It feels like history is becoming real!” Some schools use AI to find out students’ mistakes and make special study plans for them. However, there are some problems. People worry that AI might spread wrong information or make students not focus on their studies. Teachers say that learning in the classroom with teachers is still very important, and we need clear rules for using AI. AI is not here to take the place of teachers. Instead, it helps students learn better. It changes learning from just reading words into an exciting trip through history, guided by the voices of the past. 1．The underlined word “still” in the passage means “________”. A．仍然 B．静止的 C．生动的 2．How does AI help in learning according to the passage? A．AI makes learning faster but boring. B．AI changes learning in an interesting way. C．AI can solve all learning problems. 3．Which of the following is people’s worry about AI in school? A．It makes classes lively. B．It helps make study plans. C．It may make students less focused. 4．Where can we most probably read this passage? A．In a storybook. B．In a science magazine. C．In a cookbook. Passage 2 （2026·初三·湖南郴州市·二模） Recently, “raising lobster” (养龙虾) has become very popular online. It comes from OpenClaw, an AI tool with a lobster symbol. It means making and training smart helpers. The new development changes how people use AI. People without coding (编程) skills can develop useful AI apps quickly. It lets more people join technology creation. Many people love new AI tools and can’t wait to try them. Big technology companies like Tencent and Alibaba have made similar products too. Now these AI tools are for people who know a lot about technology, but they will develop fast. They may soon become useful tools in daily life. They can help one person finish difficult work that once needed a team, and create a new one-person company form. Our government supports AI development and puts it in national plans. However, there are also big safety risks. Improper use of OpenClaw may cause personal information to leak and lead to online attacks. National Internet safety offices have warned people about these risks. We also need to think about the moral (道德的) problems of AI. So we must be careful when using AI tools. Users and companies need to do more to protect information and stay away from risks. 1．What is OpenClaw according to the passage? A．A tool to keep lobsters. B．An AI tool with a lobster symbol. C．A smart helper that can catch real lobsters. 2．What can we know about the future of AI tools from paragraph 2? A．They will disappear soon. B．They may be widely used in daily life. C．They will only be used in big companies. 3．What does the underlined word “leak” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Be well protected. B．Be collected carefully. C．Be shared without agreement. 4．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To warn people to use AI carefully. B．To stop people from using AI tools. C．To show the advantages of using AI. Passage 3 （2026·初三·湖南张家界市永定区·二模） A hundred years ago, a group of scientists built a model that changed the old way people understood reality: quantum mechanics (量子力学). To celebrate the 100th anniversary of its birth, the United Nations named 2025 the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology. Quantum mechanics studies very small things. Around 1900, scientists such as Max Planck and Albert Einstein tried to explain why the atomic world could not be described by the classical theories of Isaac Newton. In the 1920s, some scientists broke away from old physics and developed further, opening the door to modern inventions that continue to mold our daily life. These new inventions bring great changes to our life, work and study. As Nature noted: “Modern physics is quantum physics.” In quantum mechanics, many strange things happen. For example, a small thing can be in two places at the same time. Another rule is called “spooky (玄妙的) action at a distance”, when two small things become entangled (纠缠的), the state of one influences the other at once, no matter how far they are. These ideas may sound hard to imagine, but they are the base of modern technology. The GPS in your car, the bright LEDs in your phone screen and MRI machines that make medical images all come from quantum rules. Most importantly, the silicon chip (硅芯片) inside every computer depends on quantum effects. As we celebrate its 100th birthday, quantum science is advancing faster than ever. Scientists are building quantum computers to solve super-hard problems and creating quantum encryption (加密技术) to keep communication safe. Quantum physics teaches us that the universe is full of surprises and that its possibilities are as great as our imagination. 1．Why did the UN name 2025 the special year? A．To remember the first quantum computer. B．To introduce the classical theories of Isaac Newton. C．To celebrate the 100th birthday of quantum mechanics. 2．What does the underlined word “mold” mean in paragraph 2? A．Shape. B．Break. C．Value. 3．Which invention uses quantum rules? A．GPS system. B．Traditional cameras. C．Flashlight. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Quantum science will develop fast in the future. B．Quantum computer can keep communication safe. C．Quantum science is full of surprises and imagination. 主题03 人与自然——动物文化；天气知识；气象科学 Passage 1 (2026·初三·湖南张家界市·二模) Culture is not only for human beings. It is also very important for wild animals. Animals use tools, live in groups and have their own culture. Sam Williams works for the Macaw Recovery Network in Costa Rica. He helps to increase the number of macaws (金刚鹦鹉) by taking birds that were born in cages (笼子) and sending them back into the wild. “In a cage, you can’t train them to know where, when and how to find that food, or about trees with a good home,” Williams told the ecologist (生态学者) and writer Carl Safina. In the wild, the birds’ parents are the ones that teach them this important information. This type of knowledge is called cultural knowledge. Cultural knowledge can be passed down from the older generation to the newer one. For many animals, cultural knowledge is necessary for life. Culture helps animals get used to different living environments. For example, some crows have learned to put nuts in the middle of the road for cars to drive over. And in other places, they have learned to do this at crossroads, so they can get food safely when the cars stop at red lights. Other important parts of cultural knowledge include things like group identity (认同), using different tools, having different moving habits and communicating in their own ways. These traditions can especially be seen in chimpanzee (黑猩猩) communities. Cat Hobaiter, who studies chimpanzees, said, “It’s not just the loss of populations of chimps that worries me. I find it worrying that we may lose each population’s unique culture.” 1．What does Sam Williams do? A．He catches wild macaws and puts them in the cages. B．He helps to raise macaws and sends them back to nature. C．He studies chimpanzees and can communicate with them. 2．Which one is cultural knowledge? A．Parents teach their children how to find food. B．Children can find a good place to build nests. C．Smaller animal populations worry some people. 3．How does the writer develop paragraph 5? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. 4．Which part of a magazine may the passage be taken from? A．Art. B．Nature. C．Culture. Passage 2 (2026·初三·湖南永州市·二模) Clouds are like nature’s weather reporters, and their shapes are closely connected to geography. Warm oceans, lakes or rivers provide enough wet air. High mountains make the warm air rise, and the water vapor in it turns into clouds. Clouds in different areas have special shapes. These shapes can help us know what the weather might be like in the next few hours or days. For example, in warm and wet places like southern China, soft and white cumulus clouds (积云) often mean sunny days are coming. But if these clouds grow taller and darker quickly, they may bring thunder (雷) and rain soon. This is because warm, wet air rises fast in these places, making clouds develop rapidly. In dry northern areas, thin and light cirrus clouds (卷云) high up in the sky are special. They show that a cold wind is on the way. Different natural places also create different cloud shapes and weather signs. Stratus (层云) clouds look like a thick grey blanket covering the whole sky. They often bring light rain. This is especially true near the sea, where there is plenty of water from the ocean. Near big forests, the air is full of moisture (水分) too, so clouds there are usually thick and easy to bring rain. On the grasslands, clouds are often low and spread out, telling us the weather will stay calm for a while. By watching cloud shapes and their changes carefully, we can tell the weather without phones or other tools. This helps us plan trips, outdoor activities and daily work better. It’s also a fun way to learn how the environment around us affects cloud shapes and the weather. With a little practice, we can get really good at reading cloud signs. Next time you go out, just look up at the clouds—nature is telling you the weather! How amazing it is! 1．What are clouds like according to the passage? A．Nature’s blankets. B．Nature’s rain makers. C．Nature’s weather reporters. 2． What may cumulus clouds bring if they grow taller and darker quickly? A．They may bring sunny days. B．They may bring a strong wind. C．They may bring thunder and rain soon. 3． Match the cloud types with their appearances according to the text. a. Cumulus clouds            ①Thin and light b. Cirrus clouds            ②Thick and grey c. Stratus clouds            ③Soft and white A．①-b; ②-c; ③-a B．①-c; ②-a; ③-b C．①-a; ②-b; ③-c 4． What is the writer’s opinion about using clouds to tell the weather? A．It makes weather prediction more confusing. B．It is a useful way to understand weather changes. C．It is an easy and enjoyable way that requires no practice. Passage 3 (2026·初三·湖南益阳市·二模) Wind is the movement of air. We cannot see it, but we can feel it when air moves fast. Air is made of light and small things such as nitrogen (氮气). When these things move together in the same direction, wind is formed. Wind mainly comes from the differences of air pressure (压力) on the Earth. Air pressure changes with temperature: warm air goes up while cool air comes down. Wind forms when air moves from places with high pressure to places with low pressure. The Earth’s spin (地球自转) also changes the direction of wind. To study wind, we need to know its direction and speed. Wind direction tells us where the wind comes from. We use an anemometer (风速仪) to get wind speed, in units like kilometers an hour. There are winds around the whole world and local winds. Wind is also a kind of clean energy (能源). We can use it to make power. Different from traditional energy, wind energy brings no pollution. So it’s very important for protecting the environment. What’s more, the shapes of land such as mountains and lakes can also change the way local winds blow. 1．What makes wind form according to the passage? A．Too much air around the Earth. B．The air becoming warmer and warmer. C．Air moving from places with high pressure to places with low pressure. 2．What do people use to get wind speed? A．Wind direction. B．An anemometer. C．Different shapes of land. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about wind energy? A．It brings serious pollution. B．It is a kind of clean energy. C．It works better than traditional energy. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to use wind energy. B．Basic facts and uses of wind. C．Different kinds of land shapes. 主题01 人与自我——科技与生活；身心健康；饮食文化 Passage 1 (2026·初三·湖南长沙市一中岳麓中学·二模) According to a report on April 1, 2026, by MIT Technology Review, a new kind of part-time job is becoming popular around the world. People are now getting paid to record their daily housework at home, providing real action data (数据) to train human-like robots. Most of these part-time workers come from countries like Nigeria, India and the Philippines. They wear small cameras on their heads and film simple daily tasks, such as washing dishes, cleaning rooms, using household things and making simple meals. At about 15 dollars an hour, the pay is much better than most local part-time jobs. A tech company called Micro1 has asked thousands of workers in over 50 countries to collect real-life behavior data. All recorded videos first go through an AI check, and then workers carefully mark every human movement by hand. Different from computer simulations (模拟), which cannot help robots deal with the messy and changing home environment, real human action videos let machines learn natural, useful movements easily. This first-person video data is exactly what makes human-like robots able to live in daily family life. But this new trend (趋势) also causes wide public worries. Recording private home life brings possible risks, and many people have asked questions about whether the collection and use of personal data are allowed properly. Even with these worries, the report says that real human data has become a necessary part of the future development of home robots. Common daily housework has become valuable for AI development. As robot technology improves, these part-time workers will still be necessary for the growth of smart home robots all over the world. 1． What is the main purpose of recording daily housework in the text? A．To help develop new kinds of head cameras B．To provide useful data for training human-like robots C．To offer more part-time jobs in developing countries 2． What do workers need to do after the AI check according to the passage? A．Wear small cameras on their heads. B．Mark every human movement by hand. C．Send the videos to robot companies. 3． Why are real human action videos better than computer simulations? A．They are cheaper and easier to produce. B．They can be used for more kinds of housework. C．They help robots deal with messy real home environments. 4． What can we learn about the new job from the passage? A．It will soon be stopped because of serious worries. B．It is still important though it brings some possible problems. C．It has made human-like robots widely used in every family. Passage 2 (2026·初三·湖南长沙市岳麓区·二模) I love sleeping in on Saturdays.  But sometimes, when I wake up and find it’s almost noon, I start to worry. I think I am “wasting the day”, ruining (糟蹋) it before it even begins. This is the “domino mindset (多米诺思维)”. This mindset happens when one small bad thing makes you feel that everything else will also go wrong.  Maybe you make your new shirt dirty by accident while you are out with your friends.  From that moment on, nothing seems right—your dessert seems disappointing, and everything you say seems wrong. It feels like dominoes falling one by one. Dr. Julie Smith explains that it is a form of overgeneralization (过分概括). “This means taking one single event and using it to predict the future, drawing conclusions (结论)  that are not actually reasonable.” Our brains naturally look for ways to protect us. As one psychologist explains, “Your brain is like a helpful friend who remembers past experiences so that it can protect you in the future.” But sometimes, this helpful friend gets it wrong. The domino mindset makes us see bad situations that aren’t really there. For example, someone may fail in one interview and believe he or she will never get a job.  This over sensitive (敏感的) thinking makes us tired and worried. The first step to change is noticing these thoughts. Talking about them aloud can create space and give us time to choose a response (回应). When you notice the fear starting, stop for a moment. Then question the thought: Is  this really true? If you can’t change the thought right away, try writing it down on paper. Seeing it outside your mind can make it seem smaller and less scary. The domino mindset may be deeply rooted, so be patient. With practice, you can stop the domino effect before it spreads. 1．What is the“domino mindset”? A．A hobby of collecting dominoes. B．A habit of sleeping late on weekends. C．A thought that one small bad thing can lead to more wrong things. 2．What does the underlined word“predict” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．预测 B．探究 C．核对 3．Why does the psychologist compare the brain to “a helpful friend”? A．Because it always gives good advice. B．Because it helps us remember happy moments. C．Because it tries to protect us based on past experiences. 4．What’s the main purpose of this text? A．To warn readers against the danger of oversleeping. B．To show readers the importance of changing our minds. C．To tell readers how to stop the domino mindset and stay positive. Passage 3 (2026·初三·湖南邵阳市隆回县·二模) Xiaolongbao is famous around the world because it has very thin skin and delicious fillings. When people cook them, they become soft and full of taste with a special soup inside. Many people think xiaolongbao first came from Hangzhou, but they started in Shengzhou. A long time ago, the first xiaolongbao shop opened in Shengzhou, about 120 kilometers from Hangzhou. The owner wanted more people to come, so he named his shop “Hangzhou Xiaolongbao”. Soon, other people from Shengzhou did the same thing when they opened their shops. That’s why people always call them “Hangzhou Xiaolongbao”. In the past, people in Shengzhou were good at business. They bought or sold things by river. Today, about 50,000 people from Shengzhou run over 20,000 xiaolongbao shops all over China. Most of these shops are small family businesses. The xiaolongbao they make by hand are very good and delicious. But making xiaolongbao by hand can limit (限制) how much they can make. The government of Shengzhou decided to spend 30 million yuan every year to help xiaolongbao and other snacks in this area grow. Business starters in Shengzhou started making frozen xiaolongbao. Now, there are more than 70 companies in Shengzhou that make frozen xiaolongbao. This helps xiaolongbao reach more customers and keeps the old ways going. 1．What makes xiaolongbao famous all over the world? A．Large size and special tastes. B．Frozen packs and low prices. C．Thin skin and nice fillings. 2．Why did the first shop owner name his shop “Hangzhou Xiaolongbao”? A．Because he wanted to get more customers to come. B．Because he was from Hangzhou. C．Because the government asked him to do that. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．The government helps develop the xiaolongbao business. B．People in Shengzhou gave up traditional making ways. C．Frozen xiaolongbao are less popular than hand-made ones. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The History of Shengzhou’s Snacks B．An Introduction to Shengzhou Xiaolongbao C．Ways to Improve Xiaolongbao’s Sales 主题02 人与社会——科技与社会；文化现象；科技与旅游 Passage 1 (2026·初三·湖南娄底市·二模) A study shows that more than 50% of articles online are written by artificial intelligence. This fact makes many people wonder: Will human writers disappear one day? When people talk about AI, they often worry about its problems. Some fear that AI-made fake (虚假的) videos would trick people and cause serious trouble. However, studies later showed that these fears were too strong. Although fake videos did increase people’s doubts, they did not actually cause the disasters that many expected. For writers and artists, the biggest worry is about jobs. AI can write faster than any human because it has learned from millions of texts. Many part-time writers who used to create blog posts and social media content (内容) have already lost their jobs. But AI writing is not as scary as it seems. First, AI is mainly used for simple and fixed writing, such as how-to guides, product descriptions, and news reports. It is not good at creative work that shows personal style and original (原创的) ideas. Second, AI itself learns from human writing, so it cannot truly take the place of human creativity. Interestingly, the line between human and AI writing is becoming unclear. Many writers now use AI as a tool. They may write a draft (草稿) first, let AI improve it, and then edit (编辑) it again. The writer of this article, for example, uses AI to check his English because it is not his first language. However, using AI too much has problems. Studies show that writers who depend heavily on AI often produce similar content. Their writing loses personal voice and follows Western patterns. This means original human writing will become even more valuable in the future. In short, AI is changing how we write, but it will not make human writers useless. Creative work with personal style remains important and necessary. 1．How does the writer start the topic? A．By telling a story. B．By listing a number. C．By making a comparison. 2．What can we know about AI writing from Paragraph 3? A．It works well for creative novels. B．It is mainly used for fixed writing tasks. C．It always does better than human writers. 3．What problem may writers face if they depend too much on AI? A．Their writings will lose personal voice. B．Their ability to write may be lost completely. C．Their ideas become more creative and original. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．How to Use AI to Write Better B．The History of AI Development C．AI Writing: Friend or Enemy? Passage 2 (2026·初三·湖南长沙市·二模) Find Your Perfect Summer Camp Steve & Kate’s Camps Places: 20 different locations nationwide Ages: 9 to 12 years old Telephone: 323-244-2531 Since 2000, Steve & Kate’s Camps have offered summer camps. Students can learn interesting things and have special experiences. Activities: Dance, cooking and films Pali Adventures Place: Birmingham, England Ages: 12 to 16 years old Telephone: 909-867-5743 Pali Adventures is an overnight summer camp. Children can work towards their dreams, try new things and make friends in a safe place. Activities: Science, films, music and water sports Tech Summer Camps Places: 75 universities nationwide Ages: 10 to 18 years old Telephone: 888-709-8324 This summer, children can try college life here. Our camps mix science and technology learning with fun. Take part in activities with new friends and learn from experts. Activities: Science, technology and the Internet 1．What can students learn at Steve & Kate’s Camps? A．Dance, cooking and films. B．Science, films and music. C．Science, technology and the Internet. 2．Which can Jack take part in if he is 17 years old? A．Steve & Kate’s Camps. B．Pali Adventures. C．Tech Summer Camps. 3．In which section of a magazine can you read the text? A．Art. B．Teens. C．History. Passage 3 (2026·初三·湖南长沙市华益中学·二模) In recent years, short-form videos have become popular around the world. Compared with traditional long videos, short-form videos are much more convenient to watch—you can enjoy them anytime and anywhere with your smartphone, even when you have only a few minutes. However, some Chinese researchers are worried about the bad influences of short-form videos on people’s health. They recently did a serious study on how short-form videos reshape our brains and even influence our genes (基因). The study found that watching these short videos for a long time can make our brains more active in the parts connected with reward (回报) and emotion (情绪) control. This change may lead to some biological and nervous system problems if we don’t control the watching time. For the study, researchers chose 111 college students aged between 17 and 30 in daily life. It’s important to note that the study focused on the use of short-form video apps rather than general smartphone use. Researchers collected the students’ brain test data (数据) by using a special machine, hoping to find out how short videos influence the brain’s structure (结构) and activity. The results of the study were surprising. The participants who were more addicted to short-form videos and hardly stopped watching them showed clear differences in brain work and structure compared with others. Some parts of their brain that are connected with decision-making, information processing and emotion control became larger. This makes them more sensitive (敏感的) to the quick rewards from watching one video after another, so it's much harder for them to stop. Besides, researchers found nearly 500 genes had something to do with this addiction. Interestingly, most of these genes work during teenage years, which means teenagers are more likely to get addicted to short-form videos during this period. 1．What is the advantage of short-form videos according to Paragraph 1? A．Useful for work. B．Helpful for study. C．Convenient to watch. 2．Which group of people did the researchers choose for the study? A．111 college students aged 17-30. B．111 old people who love social media. C．111 middle school students aged 13-15. 3．What does the underlined word “addicted” mean in Paragraph 4? A．上瘾的 B．擅长的 C．乐意的 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Teenagers should use short-form video apps correctly. B．Short-form videos are the most popular among teenagers. C．Short-form videos have bad influences on teenagers’ health. Passage 4 (2026·初三·湖南湘潭市岳塘区湘钢二中·二模) In China, technology is changing the way people travel. By wearing VR goggles (虚拟现实眼镜), visitors can watch the Terracotta Army of the Qin Dynasty closely, feeling like they’re really there. They can also join space-themed activities, wearing astronaut suits and stepping onto “Mars” for a “space task”. Watching a rocket launch (发射) has also become a very popular activity for families with children. Wang Xing, a parent from Jiangsu Province, said, “I took my son to see a rocket launch in Wenchang last summer. He was amazed by it and even talked about traveling to space in the future.” Tech tourism helps people learn while they’re having fun. It makes difficult ideas easier to understand. Through high-tech tools like VR goggles, visitors can clearly see how technology works in real life. This kind of experience turns knowledge into something people can actually see and touch. At the same time, tech tourism plays an important role in inspiring young people. Many teenagers develop a strong interest in science after joining these activities. When they watch a rocket launch, try astronaut suits, or take part in space-themed tasks, they feel excited and want to learn more about the world of technology. Travel used to be mainly about going quickly from one place to another. Today, visitors’ needs are taken more seriously. People no longer just look at sights (风景); they want to take part in activities and truly experience things. We can safely say, “China’s tech tourism has just taken off and it has a lot to offer.” 1．What can we know from Wang Xing’s example? A．Space travel will become common in the near future. B．Summer is the best season for watching a rocket launch. C．Tech tourism experiences can influence children’s interests. 2．What advantages of tech tourism are mentioned in the passage? a. Making knowledge easier to understand. b. Helping people learn in an enjoyable way. c. Inspiring young people’s interest in science. d. Helping family members communicate better. A．a、b、c B．a、b、d C．b、c、d 3．How does the writer feel about the future of tech tourism in China? A．Hopeful. B．Worried. C．Doubtful. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．VR Goggles: A New Way to See China B．Why Technology Is Important for Tourism C．Tech Tourism: China’s New Way of Travel 主题03 人与自然——环保建筑；环保消费 Passage 1 (2026·初三·湖南常德市·二模) A lot of people drink bottled water in the world. A water bottle offers great convenience. It can be bought almost anywhere, carried around for a while, and then thrown away. The influence of bottled water on the environment, however, is very big. About 2.7 million tons of plastic is turned into bottles which are only used once each year. This requires a lot of oil and water. It also produces greenhouse gases. Bottled water is often carried for long distances to reach people who buy it. This uses even more fossil fuels (化石燃料) and creates more pollution. Although the bottles can be recycled, only small parts of them are. The US only recycles about 23 percent. The rest are part of a growing waste problem. Convenience isn’t the only reason for bottled water to become popular. Many people believe that it must be cleaner and healthier than tap water from public water systems. But this is not true. In developed countries such as the US and some countries in Europe, laws about safe water are often stricter for tap water than for bottled water. It may come as a surprise that nearly 40% of the water bottled in the US starts from tap water. Before bottling, some companies filter (过滤) it, and they might add some things for taste. What’s more, bottled water can cost from 240 to 10,000 times more than tap water. “Back to the tap” activities start around the world. In order to save money, use fewer resources, and create less waste, they support using tap water and reusable bottles rather than bottled water. San Francisco and other cities across the United States no longer allow their government departments to buy bottled water. Companies are trying to improve, too. They have reduced the use of plastic in their bottles. 1．What’s the second paragraph mainly talking about? A．The problem caused by bottled water. B．The ways to produce bottled water. C．The advantages of bottled water. 2．Why is bottled water popular? A．Because people think it is the water from nature. B．Because people think it is convenient and safe. C．Because people think it can prevent illnesses. 3．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Fossil fuels. B．Greenhouse gases. C．The bottles. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．“Back to the tap” Activities B．Bottled Water or Tap Water? C．Let’s Drink Healthy Water Passage 2 (2026·初三·湖南湘潭市雨湖区·二模) People are trying to build “green buildings” that are friendly to the environment. They might not seem any different from common buildings. But let’s take a closer look. Stay cool and warm. It takes a lot of energy to light rooms. It also takes energy to heat and cool buildings. So green buildings are designed to do all these things with much less energy. An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. Special insulation (隔热材料) inside keeps heat inside in winter and keeps heat outside in summer, This saves energy for heating and cooling. Some green buildings don’t need any radiators (散热器) or air conditioning at all! Save the trees. What a building is made from can also help the planet. To save forests, some green buildings have bamboo floors instead of wood. Bamboo looks like wood, but it’s actually a grass. It grows back 20 times faster than a tree. Another way to build green is to use recycled materials. That saves the cost and reduces pollution of producing something new. Make better home. City planners like green buildings because they save money and they are healthier for the people who work and live inside. But you don’t need to build a whole new building. Simple changes like shading windows and planting trees can make any home greener—and a better Earth home for us all. As more people become concerned (担忧的) about climate change, more buildings are going green. Experts are finding new ways to build green buildings. We also need to change our mind. Let’s take action now! 1．How does an energy-smart building save energy for heating and cooling? A．It uses air conditioners. B．It has special thick walls. C．It uses smart radiators. 2．Why is bamboo used instead of wood in green buildings? A．Because it is a recycled material. B．Because it grows back much faster. C．Because it can keep the room warm. 3．In Paragraph 4, what does the writer advise us to do? A．To make small changes to our home. B．To pay attention to climate change. C．To build a whole new green building. 4．How is the text organized? （① = Paragraph 1, ② = Paragraph 2, …） A． B． C． 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——兴趣爱好；语言学习；学习与休息； Passage 1 （2026·初三·湖南衡阳市·二模） In recent years, many people enjoy watching and listening to birds in parks. This activity, called bird-watching, has become a popular hobby. But why is it so popular? Studies have found bird-watching can improve moods (心情). One study showed people who watch birds feel happier for most of the day. Another research found people living in areas with more kinds of birds feel more satisfied with their lives. Scientists say the activity helps brains connect with nature. Besides, bird-watching brings simple fun. Watching a bird fly freely is relaxing. Their bright colors and beautiful songs bring interest. You don’t need to get close to them. Just sitting quietly, you can enjoy their world. This makes bird-watching a peaceful activity for anyone. What’s more, it is easy to start this hobby. You don’t need special training or high cost. A small natural space nearby is enough. Families can enjoy the outdoors together. Children love to find different birds. It becomes a game for them. Older people find it a quiet way to spend time. If you want to try it, put a bird feeder outside. You can even make one with a pine cone (松果) and peanut butter (花生酱). You can also keep a list of the birds you see. Planting local plants in your backyard is another great way to invite birds. These simple steps help you get started. This new hobby might bring more than just birds into your daily life. It brings peace, joy, and a closer look at nature. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By giving an example. 2．What can we know about bird-watching from Paragraph 2? A．It improves people’s life skills. B．It teaches how to care for birds. C．It brings happiness and satisfaction. 3．Which of the following is a way to start bird-watching? A．Buying a special bird feeder. B．Joining a bird-watching club. C．Planting plants in the backyard. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Birds and Their Living Habits B．Joy and Rise of Bird-watching C．Ways to Protect Birds in Cities 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了观鸟这一爱好流行的原因，包括改善心情、带来乐趣、易于开展，以及入门方法，展现了观鸟带来的宁静与美好。 1．根据文章第一段“But why is it so popular?”可知，作者以提问的方式引出下文。 2．根据文章第二段“Studies have found bird-watching can improve moods... people who watch birds feel happier... people living in areas with more kinds of birds feel more satisfied with their lives.”可知，观鸟能带来幸福感和满足感。 3．根据文章第五段“Planting local plants in your backyard is another great way to invite birds.”可知，在后院种植本地植物是开启观鸟的方式之一。 4．根据全文内容，文章主要介绍了观鸟的流行原因、好处及入门方法，展现了观鸟带来的快乐，“Joy and Rise of Bird-watching”最适合作为标题。 Passage 2 （2026·初三·湖南湘西州凤凰县·二模） Does it seem that the things you say often make others unhappy? If so, maybe people are thinking that your English isn’t polite. Let’s learn how to avoid being rude (粗鲁的) and be polite in English! In English, when you make a request, it’s often considered rude to use the words such as “I want” and “I need”. They are very direct and sound impolite. For example, instead of saying “I want a cup of coffee”, you could make it sound more polite by adding some softening words like “I’d like a cup of coffee, please.” You’ll get your coffee and a smile, too. What’s more, people often do not like being told what to do. Try to replace phrases that sound like commands (命令) such as “Give me the newspaper.” To be more polite, you could make a request like “Can you pass me the newspaper, please?” In English, “Why don’t we…?” is a polite way of suggesting something when you are introducing a new idea that other people have not thought of. Or, you could use “Perhaps we could…” when you are not completely sure if it is a good idea. Last but not least, what if your friend gives you an invitation but you are not able to go? Instead of simply saying “No”, you could politely say “I’m afraid I can’t” to avoid offense.   So, if you’d like to be a nice person, learning how to be polite in English is necessary. 1．You may make a request like “________” to get what you want politely and pleasantly. A．I need a cup of tea. B．I’d like a cup of tea, please. C．Waiter, a cup of tea. 2．What should you say when you are uncertain whether your idea is good? A．Perhaps we could…. B．Certainly we must. C．Clearly we should. 3．When you turn down an invitation, simply saying “No” is________. A．wise B．indirect C．impolite 4．What might be the best title of this passage? A．Be polite in English B．Be proud in English C．Be brave in English 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲解在英语交流中如何礼貌表达，避免粗鲁。 【详解】1．根据第二段中的“For example, instead of saying ‘I want a cup of coffee’, you could make it sound more polite by adding some softening words like ‘I’d like a cup of coffee, please.’”可知，使用“I’d like…, please”是礼貌的请求方式。 2．根据第四段中的“Or, you could use ‘Perhaps we could…’ when you are not completely sure if it is a good idea.”可知，不确定主意好坏时应说“Perhaps we could…”。 3．根据第五段中的“Instead of simply saying ‘No’, you could politely say ‘I’m afraid I can’t’ to avoid offense.”可知，直接说“No”会造成冒犯，是不礼貌的。 4．文章第一段提出“Let’s learn how to avoid being rude (粗鲁的) and be polite in English!”最后一段总结“learning how to be polite in English is necessary”以及全文内容可知，全文围绕如何在英语交流中保持礼貌展开。选项A“在英语中保持礼貌”最适合作为标题。 Passage 3 （2026·初三·湖南邵阳市·二模） Do you look forward to a homework-free holiday in spring or autumn? Some schools in China now offer spring and autumn breaks to primary and middle school students. Hengyang, Hunan introduced its first spring break from April 1st to April 3rd, 2026. Wang Ming, a middle school student from Hengyang, was excited about his first spring break. “My parents took me to the countryside and I painted outdoors,” Wang said happily. Other students also shared their activities, such as learning to grow vegetables and exploring nature parks. These activities help build a bridge between school lessons and real life. However, some parents worry that holidays may influence their children’s learning. In fact, most studies showed that the advantages of the holidays would outweigh the disadvantages. During holidays, children have more chances to get close to nature. Being in nature is a good way to relax their body and mind. It also teaches them to be patient, stay curious and find beauty in simple things. Getting close to nature is more than just fun—it is an important part of our growth. It gives us a break from our busy lives and opens a door to discovery. After all, life itself is the greatest teacher. Sometimes, the best lessons are not in the classroom but under the open sky. 1． When was the first spring break in Hengyang? A．From April 1st to April 3rd, 2026. B．From April 1st to April 3rd, 2025. C．From April 1st to April 3rd, 2024. 2． What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A．Many students do not support the spring break. B．Students prefer to stay at home during the break. C．The activities help connect school lessons with real life. 3． What does the underlined word “outweigh” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．超过 B．低于 C．等于 4． What is the main idea of the passage? A．All the students look forward to the breaks. B．Students can benefit a lot from the breaks. C．Some parents worry about their children’s learning during the breaks. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了湖南衡阳首次实施春假的安排、学生的活动反馈以及家长和研究的观点，阐述了春假对学生身心发展的积极意义。 1．第一段提到“Hengyang, Hunan introduced its first spring break from April 1st to April 3rd, 2026.”，说明衡阳首次春假的时间是2026年4月1日至4月3日。 2．第二段提到“These activities help build a bridge between school lessons and real life.”，说明这些活动有助于将学校课程与现实生活联系起来。 3．第三段提到“most studies showed that the advantages of the holidays would outweigh the disadvantages”，结合上下文，假期的好处“超过”坏处，因此“outweigh”意为“超过”。 4．全文介绍了春假的安排、学生的积极反馈以及研究证明的假期益处，因此主旨是学生能从春假中受益很多。 主题02 人与社会——科技与教育；科技与生活 Passage 1 (2026·初三·湖南长沙宁乡市·二模) Can you imagine a classroom where you can have a chat with Confucius or Shakespeare? With the help of artificial intelligence (AI), the characters in textbooks are not still anymore. They can move around, talk to you, and answer your questions! In some Chinese schools, students can interact (互动) with AI-made famous people. For example, a lively Li Bai can read his poems with lots of feelings. In history classes, a 3D-made Aristotle (亚里士多德) uses hand movements to explain philosophy. Tools like Doubao and Yuanbao can change boring pictures into lively, talking characters. AI makes learning more interesting and fits each student. In art classes, students can use AI to make old paintings look modern. A student said, “It feels like history is becoming real!” Some schools use AI to find out students’ mistakes and make special study plans for them. However, there are some problems. People worry that AI might spread wrong information or make students not focus on their studies. Teachers say that learning in the classroom with teachers is still very important, and we need clear rules for using AI. AI is not here to take the place of teachers. Instead, it helps students learn better. It changes learning from just reading words into an exciting trip through history, guided by the voices of the past. 1．The underlined word “still” in the passage means “________”. A．仍然 B．静止的 C．生动的 2．How does AI help in learning according to the passage? A．AI makes learning faster but boring. B．AI changes learning in an interesting way. C．AI can solve all learning problems. 3．Which of the following is people’s worry about AI in school? A．It makes classes lively. B．It helps make study plans. C．It may make students less focused. 4．Where can we most probably read this passage? A．In a storybook. B．In a science magazine. C．In a cookbook. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人工智能（AI）在课堂中的应用，包括AI让课本人物“活”起来、使学习更有趣等优势，同时也提及了人们对AI的担忧。 1．原文第一段“Can you imagine a classroom where you can have a chat with Confucius or Shakespeare? With the help of artificial intelligence (AI), the characters in textbooks are not still anymore. They can move around, talk to you, and answer your questions!”后文提到课本人物可以移动、交谈、回答问题，说明之前是“静止的”，因此still意为“静止的”。 2．原文第三段“AI makes learning more interesting and fits each student.”以及后文举例说明AI让课堂生动、让学习变成有趣的旅程，说明AI以有趣的方式改变学习。 3．原文第四段“However, there are some problems. People worry that AI might spread wrong information or make students not focus on their studies.”说明人们担心AI可能传播错误信息或让学生不专注于学习。 4．本文围绕人工智能（AI）在教育中的应用展开，属于科技类话题，最可能出现在科学杂志上。 Passage 2 （2026·初三·湖南郴州市·二模） Recently, “raising lobster” (养龙虾) has become very popular online. It comes from OpenClaw, an AI tool with a lobster symbol. It means making and training smart helpers. The new development changes how people use AI. People without coding (编程) skills can develop useful AI apps quickly. It lets more people join technology creation. Many people love new AI tools and can’t wait to try them. Big technology companies like Tencent and Alibaba have made similar products too. Now these AI tools are for people who know a lot about technology, but they will develop fast. They may soon become useful tools in daily life. They can help one person finish difficult work that once needed a team, and create a new one-person company form. Our government supports AI development and puts it in national plans. However, there are also big safety risks. Improper use of OpenClaw may cause personal information to leak and lead to online attacks. National Internet safety offices have warned people about these risks. We also need to think about the moral (道德的) problems of AI. So we must be careful when using AI tools. Users and companies need to do more to protect information and stay away from risks. 1．What is OpenClaw according to the passage? A．A tool to keep lobsters. B．An AI tool with a lobster symbol. C．A smart helper that can catch real lobsters. 2．What can we know about the future of AI tools from paragraph 2? A．They will disappear soon. B．They may be widely used in daily life. C．They will only be used in big companies. 3．What does the underlined word “leak” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Be well protected. B．Be collected carefully. C．Be shared without agreement. 4．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To warn people to use AI carefully. B．To stop people from using AI tools. C．To show the advantages of using AI. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了名为“养龙虾”的AI工具OpenClaw的流行背景、发展现状、潜在风险及使用建议。 1．第一段明确说明：“It comes from OpenClaw, an AI tool with a lobster symbol.”，这直接指出OpenClaw是一个带有龙虾标志的AI工具。 2．第二段提到：“They may soon become useful tools in daily life.”，说明AI工具未来可能会在日常生活中被广泛使用。 3．第三段语境中：“Improper use of OpenClaw may cause personal information to leak and lead to online attacks.”，结合后文“网络攻击”的后果，可知“leak”指个人信息在未经许可的情况下被泄露、共享。 4．最后一段直接表明：“So we must be careful when using AI tools.”，目的是提醒人们使用AI工具时要谨慎，防范风险。 Passage 3 （2026·初三·湖南张家界市永定区·二模） A hundred years ago, a group of scientists built a model that changed the old way people understood reality: quantum mechanics (量子力学). To celebrate the 100th anniversary of its birth, the United Nations named 2025 the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology. Quantum mechanics studies very small things. Around 1900, scientists such as Max Planck and Albert Einstein tried to explain why the atomic world could not be described by the classical theories of Isaac Newton. In the 1920s, some scientists broke away from old physics and developed further, opening the door to modern inventions that continue to mold our daily life. These new inventions bring great changes to our life, work and study. As Nature noted: “Modern physics is quantum physics.” In quantum mechanics, many strange things happen. For example, a small thing can be in two places at the same time. Another rule is called “spooky (玄妙的) action at a distance”, when two small things become entangled (纠缠的), the state of one influences the other at once, no matter how far they are. These ideas may sound hard to imagine, but they are the base of modern technology. The GPS in your car, the bright LEDs in your phone screen and MRI machines that make medical images all come from quantum rules. Most importantly, the silicon chip (硅芯片) inside every computer depends on quantum effects. As we celebrate its 100th birthday, quantum science is advancing faster than ever. Scientists are building quantum computers to solve super-hard problems and creating quantum encryption (加密技术) to keep communication safe. Quantum physics teaches us that the universe is full of surprises and that its possibilities are as great as our imagination. 1．Why did the UN name 2025 the special year? A．To remember the first quantum computer. B．To introduce the classical theories of Isaac Newton. C．To celebrate the 100th birthday of quantum mechanics. 2．What does the underlined word “mold” mean in paragraph 2? A．Shape. B．Break. C．Value. 3．Which invention uses quantum rules? A．GPS system. B．Traditional cameras. C．Flashlight. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Quantum science will develop fast in the future. B．Quantum computer can keep communication safe. C．Quantum science is full of surprises and imagination. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了量子力学诞生100周年，联合国将2025年定为“国际量子科学与技术年”。文章讲述了量子力学的基本概念、奇妙现象及其在现代技术中的广泛应用，并展望了量子科学的未来发展。 【详解】33．第一段明确指出：“To celebrate the 100th anniversary of its birth, the United Nations named 2025 the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology.”说明联合国将2025年定为特殊年份是为了庆祝量子力学诞生100周年。 1．第二段提到：“developed further, opening the door to modern inventions that continue to mold our daily life.”结合语境，这些新发明持续地“塑造”着我们的日常生活，mold在此意为“塑造、影响”，与shape意思最接近。 2．第四段明确列举了使用量子规则的发明：“The GPS in your car, the bright LEDs in your phone screen and MRI machines that make medical images all come from quantum rules.”GPS系统正是其中之一。 3．最后一段指出：“quantum science is advancing faster than ever.”并且提到科学家正在建造量子计算机和量子加密技术，说明量子科学未来将快速发展。 主题03 人与自然——动物文化；天气知识；气象科学 Passage 1 (2026·初三·湖南张家界市·二模) Culture is not only for human beings. It is also very important for wild animals. Animals use tools, live in groups and have their own culture. Sam Williams works for the Macaw Recovery Network in Costa Rica. He helps to increase the number of macaws (金刚鹦鹉) by taking birds that were born in cages (笼子) and sending them back into the wild. “In a cage, you can’t train them to know where, when and how to find that food, or about trees with a good home,” Williams told the ecologist (生态学者) and writer Carl Safina. In the wild, the birds’ parents are the ones that teach them this important information. This type of knowledge is called cultural knowledge. Cultural knowledge can be passed down from the older generation to the newer one. For many animals, cultural knowledge is necessary for life. Culture helps animals get used to different living environments. For example, some crows have learned to put nuts in the middle of the road for cars to drive over. And in other places, they have learned to do this at crossroads, so they can get food safely when the cars stop at red lights. Other important parts of cultural knowledge include things like group identity (认同), using different tools, having different moving habits and communicating in their own ways. These traditions can especially be seen in chimpanzee (黑猩猩) communities. Cat Hobaiter, who studies chimpanzees, said, “It’s not just the loss of populations of chimps that worries me. I find it worrying that we may lose each population’s unique culture.” 1．What does Sam Williams do? A．He catches wild macaws and puts them in the cages. B．He helps to raise macaws and sends them back to nature. C．He studies chimpanzees and can communicate with them. 2．Which one is cultural knowledge? A．Parents teach their children how to find food. B．Children can find a good place to build nests. C．Smaller animal populations worry some people. 3．How does the writer develop paragraph 5? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. 4．Which part of a magazine may the passage be taken from? A．Art. B．Nature. C．Culture. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动物也拥有自己的文化，解释了动物文化知识的含义、传承方式，同时指出动物独特种群文化面临消失的危机。 【详解】1．根据第二段中“He helps to increase the number of macaws (金刚鹦鹉) by taking birds that were born in cages (笼子) and sending them back into the wild.”可知，Sam Williams帮助增加金刚鹦鹉的数量，方法是将笼中出生的鸟送回野外。选项B“他帮助饲养金刚鹦鹉并将它们送回大自然”与文意相符。 1．根据第三段中“In the wild, the birds’ parents are the ones that teach them this important information.”以及第四段中“This type of knowledge is called cultural knowledge.”可知，父母教导孩子如何寻找食物等重要信息属于文化知识。 2．根据第五段内容可知，作者在开头提出“文化帮助动物适应不同生存环境”的观点，随后用乌鸦利用车辆压碎坚果、在路口安全觅食的例子进行说明，因此作者是通过举例子的方式来展开段落的。 3．通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了动物也拥有自己的文化，解释了动物文化知识的含义、传承方式，同时指出动物独特种群文化面临消失的危机，这类文章通常出现在杂志的“自然”板块。 Passage 2 (2026·初三·湖南永州市·二模) Clouds are like nature’s weather reporters, and their shapes are closely connected to geography. Warm oceans, lakes or rivers provide enough wet air. High mountains make the warm air rise, and the water vapor in it turns into clouds. Clouds in different areas have special shapes. These shapes can help us know what the weather might be like in the next few hours or days. For example, in warm and wet places like southern China, soft and white cumulus clouds (积云) often mean sunny days are coming. But if these clouds grow taller and darker quickly, they may bring thunder (雷) and rain soon. This is because warm, wet air rises fast in these places, making clouds develop rapidly. In dry northern areas, thin and light cirrus clouds (卷云) high up in the sky are special. They show that a cold wind is on the way. Different natural places also create different cloud shapes and weather signs. Stratus (层云) clouds look like a thick grey blanket covering the whole sky. They often bring light rain. This is especially true near the sea, where there is plenty of water from the ocean. Near big forests, the air is full of moisture (水分) too, so clouds there are usually thick and easy to bring rain. On the grasslands, clouds are often low and spread out, telling us the weather will stay calm for a while. By watching cloud shapes and their changes carefully, we can tell the weather without phones or other tools. This helps us plan trips, outdoor activities and daily work better. It’s also a fun way to learn how the environment around us affects cloud shapes and the weather. With a little practice, we can get really good at reading cloud signs. Next time you go out, just look up at the clouds—nature is telling you the weather! How amazing it is! 1．What are clouds like according to the passage? A．Nature’s blankets. B．Nature’s rain makers. C．Nature’s weather reporters. 2． What may cumulus clouds bring if they grow taller and darker quickly? A．They may bring sunny days. B．They may bring a strong wind. C．They may bring thunder and rain soon. 3． Match the cloud types with their appearances according to the text. a. Cumulus clouds            ①Thin and light b. Cirrus clouds            ②Thick and grey c. Stratus clouds            ③Soft and white A．①-b; ②-c; ③-a B．①-c; ②-a; ③-b C．①-a; ②-b; ③-c 4． What is the writer’s opinion about using clouds to tell the weather? A．It makes weather prediction more confusing. B．It is a useful way to understand weather changes. C．It is an easy and enjoyable way that requires no practice. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了云与天气的关系，不同形状的云可以预示不同的天气变化。 1．根据原文第一段“Clouds are like nature’s weather reporters, and their shapes are closely connected to geography.”，可知云被比作大自然的“天气播报员”。 2．根据原文第二段“But if these clouds grow taller and darker quickly, they may bring thunder and rain soon.”，可知积云如果快速变高、变黑，可能很快就会带来雷雨。 3．根据原文描述： “soft and white cumulus clouds”（积云：柔软洁白）→ 对应③ ；“thin and light cirrus clouds”（卷云：轻薄）→ 对应① ；“Stratus clouds look like a thick grey blanket”（层云：厚重灰暗）→ 对应② 因此匹配为：a-③，b-①，c-②，对应选项A。 4．根据原文最后一段“By watching cloud shapes and their changes carefully, we can tell the weather without phones or other tools. This helps us plan trips, outdoor activities and daily work better.”，可知作者认为通过云判断天气是了解天气变化的一种有用方式。 Passage 3 (2026·初三·湖南益阳市·二模) Wind is the movement of air. We cannot see it, but we can feel it when air moves fast. Air is made of light and small things such as nitrogen (氮气). When these things move together in the same direction, wind is formed. Wind mainly comes from the differences of air pressure (压力) on the Earth. Air pressure changes with temperature: warm air goes up while cool air comes down. Wind forms when air moves from places with high pressure to places with low pressure. The Earth’s spin (地球自转) also changes the direction of wind. To study wind, we need to know its direction and speed. Wind direction tells us where the wind comes from. We use an anemometer (风速仪) to get wind speed, in units like kilometers an hour. There are winds around the whole world and local winds. Wind is also a kind of clean energy (能源). We can use it to make power. Different from traditional energy, wind energy brings no pollution. So it’s very important for protecting the environment. What’s more, the shapes of land such as mountains and lakes can also change the way local winds blow. 1．What makes wind form according to the passage? A．Too much air around the Earth. B．The air becoming warmer and warmer. C．Air moving from places with high pressure to places with low pressure. 2．What do people use to get wind speed? A．Wind direction. B．An anemometer. C．Different shapes of land. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about wind energy? A．It brings serious pollution. B．It is a kind of clean energy. C．It works better than traditional energy. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to use wind energy. B．Basic facts and uses of wind. C．Different kinds of land shapes. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些风的基本事实和用途，包括它的形成、测量以及作为清洁能源的使用。 1．根据第二段“Wind forms when air moves from places with high pressure to places with low pressure.”，当空气从气压高的地方向气压低的地方流动时，就会形成风。 2．根据第三段“We use an anemometer (风速仪) to get wind speed.”，人们使用风速仪来测量风速。 3．根据第四段“Wind is also a kind of clean energy...wind energy brings no pollution.”，风是一种清洁能源。 4．通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了风的形成、测量、以及作为清洁能源等一些风的基本事实和用途。 主题01 人与自我——科技与生活；身心健康；饮食文化 Passage 1 (2026·初三·湖南长沙市一中岳麓中学·二模) According to a report on April 1, 2026, by MIT Technology Review, a new kind of part-time job is becoming popular around the world. People are now getting paid to record their daily housework at home, providing real action data (数据) to train human-like robots. Most of these part-time workers come from countries like Nigeria, India and the Philippines. They wear small cameras on their heads and film simple daily tasks, such as washing dishes, cleaning rooms, using household things and making simple meals. At about 15 dollars an hour, the pay is much better than most local part-time jobs. A tech company called Micro1 has asked thousands of workers in over 50 countries to collect real-life behavior data. All recorded videos first go through an AI check, and then workers carefully mark every human movement by hand. Different from computer simulations (模拟), which cannot help robots deal with the messy and changing home environment, real human action videos let machines learn natural, useful movements easily. This first-person video data is exactly what makes human-like robots able to live in daily family life. But this new trend (趋势) also causes wide public worries. Recording private home life brings possible risks, and many people have asked questions about whether the collection and use of personal data are allowed properly. Even with these worries, the report says that real human data has become a necessary part of the future development of home robots. Common daily housework has become valuable for AI development. As robot technology improves, these part-time workers will still be necessary for the growth of smart home robots all over the world. 1． What is the main purpose of recording daily housework in the text? A．To help develop new kinds of head cameras B．To provide useful data for training human-like robots C．To offer more part-time jobs in developing countries 2． What do workers need to do after the AI check according to the passage? A．Wear small cameras on their heads. B．Mark every human movement by hand. C．Send the videos to robot companies. 3． Why are real human action videos better than computer simulations? A．They are cheaper and easier to produce. B．They can be used for more kinds of housework. C．They help robots deal with messy real home environments. 4． What can we learn about the new job from the passage? A．It will soon be stopped because of serious worries. B．It is still important though it brings some possible problems. C．It has made human-like robots widely used in every family. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了全球新兴的一种兼职工作：人们通过记录日常家务来提供真实行为数据，用于训练人形机器人。 【详解】1．第一段指出：“providing real action data to train human-like robots”，说明记录家务的主要目的是为训练机器人提供数据。 2．第三段指出：“All recorded videos first go through an AI check, and then workers carefully mark every human movement by hand.”，说明AI检查后，工人需要手动标记每一个人类动作。 3．第四段指出：“computer simulations...cannot help robots deal with the messy and changing home environment”，而真实视频能让机器人学习自然、有用的动作，说明真实视频能帮助机器人应对混乱的真实家庭环境。 4．第五段指出：“real human data has become a necessary part of the future development of home robots”，说明尽管存在担忧，这项工作仍然重要。 Passage 2 (2026·初三·湖南长沙市岳麓区·二模) I love sleeping in on Saturdays.  But sometimes, when I wake up and find it’s almost noon, I start to worry. I think I am “wasting the day”, ruining (糟蹋) it before it even begins. This is the “domino mindset (多米诺思维)”. This mindset happens when one small bad thing makes you feel that everything else will also go wrong.  Maybe you make your new shirt dirty by accident while you are out with your friends.  From that moment on, nothing seems right—your dessert seems disappointing, and everything you say seems wrong. It feels like dominoes falling one by one. Dr. Julie Smith explains that it is a form of overgeneralization (过分概括). “This means taking one single event and using it to predict the future, drawing conclusions (结论)  that are not actually reasonable.” Our brains naturally look for ways to protect us. As one psychologist explains, “Your brain is like a helpful friend who remembers past experiences so that it can protect you in the future.” But sometimes, this helpful friend gets it wrong. The domino mindset makes us see bad situations that aren’t really there. For example, someone may fail in one interview and believe he or she will never get a job.  This over sensitive (敏感的) thinking makes us tired and worried. The first step to change is noticing these thoughts. Talking about them aloud can create space and give us time to choose a response (回应). When you notice the fear starting, stop for a moment. Then question the thought: Is  this really true? If you can’t change the thought right away, try writing it down on paper. Seeing it outside your mind can make it seem smaller and less scary. The domino mindset may be deeply rooted, so be patient. With practice, you can stop the domino effect before it spreads. 1．What is the“domino mindset”? A．A hobby of collecting dominoes. B．A habit of sleeping late on weekends. C．A thought that one small bad thing can lead to more wrong things. 2．What does the underlined word“predict” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．预测 B．探究 C．核对 3．Why does the psychologist compare the brain to “a helpful friend”? A．Because it always gives good advice. B．Because it helps us remember happy moments. C．Because it tries to protect us based on past experiences. 4．What’s the main purpose of this text? A．To warn readers against the danger of oversleeping. B．To show readers the importance of changing our minds. C．To tell readers how to stop the domino mindset and stay positive. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了“多米诺思维”的定义、成因以及如何改变这种思维方式。 1．第一段指出“This mindset happens when one small bad thing makes you feel that everything else will also go wrong.”，多米诺思维是指一件小事出错，就觉得其他所有事情也都会跟着出错的想法。 2．第二段指出“This means taking one single event and using it to predict the future, drawing conclusions that are not actually reasonable.”，结合“taking one single event”和“the future”，可以推断“predict”的意思是根据一件事对未来进行预判，即“预测”。 3．第三段指出“Your brain is like a helpful friend who remembers past experiences so that it can protect you in the future.”，心理学家把大脑比作乐于助人的朋友，是因为大脑会记住过去的经历，以此在未来保护我们。 4．文章先介绍了什么是多米诺思维，接着说明了它的成因，最后给出了改变这种思维的方法，目的是告诉读者如何停止多米诺思维，保持积极心态。 Passage 3 (2026·初三·湖南邵阳市隆回县·二模) Xiaolongbao is famous around the world because it has very thin skin and delicious fillings. When people cook them, they become soft and full of taste with a special soup inside. Many people think xiaolongbao first came from Hangzhou, but they started in Shengzhou. A long time ago, the first xiaolongbao shop opened in Shengzhou, about 120 kilometers from Hangzhou. The owner wanted more people to come, so he named his shop “Hangzhou Xiaolongbao”. Soon, other people from Shengzhou did the same thing when they opened their shops. That’s why people always call them “Hangzhou Xiaolongbao”. In the past, people in Shengzhou were good at business. They bought or sold things by river. Today, about 50,000 people from Shengzhou run over 20,000 xiaolongbao shops all over China. Most of these shops are small family businesses. The xiaolongbao they make by hand are very good and delicious. But making xiaolongbao by hand can limit (限制) how much they can make. The government of Shengzhou decided to spend 30 million yuan every year to help xiaolongbao and other snacks in this area grow. Business starters in Shengzhou started making frozen xiaolongbao. Now, there are more than 70 companies in Shengzhou that make frozen xiaolongbao. This helps xiaolongbao reach more customers and keeps the old ways going. 1．What makes xiaolongbao famous all over the world? A．Large size and special tastes. B．Frozen packs and low prices. C．Thin skin and nice fillings. 2．Why did the first shop owner name his shop “Hangzhou Xiaolongbao”? A．Because he wanted to get more customers to come. B．Because he was from Hangzhou. C．Because the government asked him to do that. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．The government helps develop the xiaolongbao business. B．People in Shengzhou gave up traditional making ways. C．Frozen xiaolongbao are less popular than hand-made ones. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The History of Shengzhou’s Snacks B．An Introduction to Shengzhou Xiaolongbao C．Ways to Improve Xiaolongbao’s Sales 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了嵊州小笼包的起源、发展以及当地政府对小笼包产业的扶持。 【详解】41．文章第一句指出“Xiaolongbao is famous around the world because it has very thin skin and delicious fillings.”，小笼包闻名世界的原因是皮薄馅美。 1．文章第三段指出“The owner wanted more people to come, so he named his shop ‘Hangzhou Xiaolongbao’.”，店主给店铺取名“杭州小笼包”是为了吸引更多顾客。 2．文章第四段指出“The government of Shengzhou decided to spend 30 million yuan every year to help xiaolongbao and other snacks in this area grow.”，当地政府确实在帮助小笼包产业发展。 3．文章介绍了嵊州小笼包的起源、发展现状和政府支持，核心是对嵊州小笼包的介绍。 主题02 人与社会——科技与社会；文化现象；科技与旅游 Passage 1 (2026·初三·湖南娄底市·二模) A study shows that more than 50% of articles online are written by artificial intelligence. This fact makes many people wonder: Will human writers disappear one day? When people talk about AI, they often worry about its problems. Some fear that AI-made fake (虚假的) videos would trick people and cause serious trouble. However, studies later showed that these fears were too strong. Although fake videos did increase people’s doubts, they did not actually cause the disasters that many expected. For writers and artists, the biggest worry is about jobs. AI can write faster than any human because it has learned from millions of texts. Many part-time writers who used to create blog posts and social media content (内容) have already lost their jobs. But AI writing is not as scary as it seems. First, AI is mainly used for simple and fixed writing, such as how-to guides, product descriptions, and news reports. It is not good at creative work that shows personal style and original (原创的) ideas. Second, AI itself learns from human writing, so it cannot truly take the place of human creativity. Interestingly, the line between human and AI writing is becoming unclear. Many writers now use AI as a tool. They may write a draft (草稿) first, let AI improve it, and then edit (编辑) it again. The writer of this article, for example, uses AI to check his English because it is not his first language. However, using AI too much has problems. Studies show that writers who depend heavily on AI often produce similar content. Their writing loses personal voice and follows Western patterns. This means original human writing will become even more valuable in the future. In short, AI is changing how we write, but it will not make human writers useless. Creative work with personal style remains important and necessary. 1．How does the writer start the topic? A．By telling a story. B．By listing a number. C．By making a comparison. 2．What can we know about AI writing from Paragraph 3? A．It works well for creative novels. B．It is mainly used for fixed writing tasks. C．It always does better than human writers. 3．What problem may writers face if they depend too much on AI? A．Their writings will lose personal voice. B．Their ability to write may be lost completely. C．Their ideas become more creative and original. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．How to Use AI to Write Better B．The History of AI Development C．AI Writing: Friend or Enemy? 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了人工智能写作对人类写作的影响，探讨了人工智能写作是否会使人类作家消失这一问题。 【详解】5．文章开篇提到“A study shows that more than 50% of articles online are written by artificial intelligence.”，通过列举“more than 50%”这个数字引出话题，所以作者是通过列举一个数字来开始话题的。 1．根据第三段“AI is mainly used for simple and fixed writing, such as how-to guides, product descriptions, and news reports.”可知，人工智能写作主要用于简单和固定的写作任务。 2．由第四段“Studies show that writers who depend heavily on AI often produce similar content. Their writing loses personal voice and follows Western patterns.”可知，如果作家过度依赖人工智能，他们的作品会失去个人特色。 3．文章主要讨论了人工智能写作对人类作家的影响，既提到了人工智能写作的优势，如写作速度快等，也提到了其局限性以及人类作家的独特价值，探讨了人工智能写作究竟是人类写作的朋友还是敌人。 Passage 2 (2026·初三·湖南长沙市·二模) Find Your Perfect Summer Camp Steve & Kate’s Camps Places: 20 different locations nationwide Ages: 9 to 12 years old Telephone: 323-244-2531 Since 2000, Steve & Kate’s Camps have offered summer camps. Students can learn interesting things and have special experiences. Activities: Dance, cooking and films Pali Adventures Place: Birmingham, England Ages: 12 to 16 years old Telephone: 909-867-5743 Pali Adventures is an overnight summer camp. Children can work towards their dreams, try new things and make friends in a safe place. Activities: Science, films, music and water sports Tech Summer Camps Places: 75 universities nationwide Ages: 10 to 18 years old Telephone: 888-709-8324 This summer, children can try college life here. Our camps mix science and technology learning with fun. Take part in activities with new friends and learn from experts. Activities: Science, technology and the Internet 1．What can students learn at Steve & Kate’s Camps? A．Dance, cooking and films. B．Science, films and music. C．Science, technology and the Internet. 2．Which can Jack take part in if he is 17 years old? A．Steve & Kate’s Camps. B．Pali Adventures. C．Tech Summer Camps. 3．In which section of a magazine can you read the text? A．Art. B．Teens. C．History. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文是三则夏令营广告，分别介绍了Steve & Kate’s Camps、Pali Adventures和Tech Summer Camps的活动内容、年龄要求及联系方式。 【详解】1．“Steve & Kate’s Camps”部分指出：“Activities: Dance, cooking and films”，说明学生可以学习舞蹈、烹饪和电影制作。 2．“Tech Summer Camps”部分指出：“Ages: 10 to 18 years old”，17岁的Jack可以参加。 3．本文介绍面向青少年的夏令营，属于青少年相关内容，最可能出现在杂志的“Teens”版块。 Passage 3 (2026·初三·湖南长沙市华益中学·二模) In recent years, short-form videos have become popular around the world. Compared with traditional long videos, short-form videos are much more convenient to watch—you can enjoy them anytime and anywhere with your smartphone, even when you have only a few minutes. However, some Chinese researchers are worried about the bad influences of short-form videos on people’s health. They recently did a serious study on how short-form videos reshape our brains and even influence our genes (基因). The study found that watching these short videos for a long time can make our brains more active in the parts connected with reward (回报) and emotion (情绪) control. This change may lead to some biological and nervous system problems if we don’t control the watching time. For the study, researchers chose 111 college students aged between 17 and 30 in daily life. It’s important to note that the study focused on the use of short-form video apps rather than general smartphone use. Researchers collected the students’ brain test data (数据) by using a special machine, hoping to find out how short videos influence the brain’s structure (结构) and activity. The results of the study were surprising. The participants who were more addicted to short-form videos and hardly stopped watching them showed clear differences in brain work and structure compared with others. Some parts of their brain that are connected with decision-making, information processing and emotion control became larger. This makes them more sensitive (敏感的) to the quick rewards from watching one video after another, so it's much harder for them to stop. Besides, researchers found nearly 500 genes had something to do with this addiction. Interestingly, most of these genes work during teenage years, which means teenagers are more likely to get addicted to short-form videos during this period. 1．What is the advantage of short-form videos according to Paragraph 1? A．Useful for work. B．Helpful for study. C．Convenient to watch. 2．Which group of people did the researchers choose for the study? A．111 college students aged 17-30. B．111 old people who love social media. C．111 middle school students aged 13-15. 3．What does the underlined word “addicted” mean in Paragraph 4? A．上瘾的 B．擅长的 C．乐意的 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Teenagers should use short-form video apps correctly. B．Short-form videos are the most popular among teenagers. C．Short-form videos have bad influences on teenagers’ health. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了短视频的流行现状，并重点阐述了一项关于短视频对人体健康影响的研究。 1．原文第一段提到“Compared with traditional long videos, short-form videos are much more convenient to watch”，说明短视频的优势是观看起来很方便。 2．原文第三段提到“For the study, researchers chose 111 college students aged between 17 and 30”，说明研究人员选择了111名年龄在17-30岁之间的大学生。 3．原文第四段提到“The participants who were more addicted to short-form videos and hardly stopped watching them showed clear differences in brain work and structure”，结合上下文，“addicted”在这里的意思是“上瘾的”。 4．全文围绕短视频对青少年大脑结构、情绪控制及基因的负面影响展开，核心是说明短视频对青少年健康存在的不良影响。 Passage 4 (2026·初三·湖南湘潭市岳塘区湘钢二中·二模) In China, technology is changing the way people travel. By wearing VR goggles (虚拟现实眼镜), visitors can watch the Terracotta Army of the Qin Dynasty closely, feeling like they’re really there. They can also join space-themed activities, wearing astronaut suits and stepping onto “Mars” for a “space task”. Watching a rocket launch (发射) has also become a very popular activity for families with children. Wang Xing, a parent from Jiangsu Province, said, “I took my son to see a rocket launch in Wenchang last summer. He was amazed by it and even talked about traveling to space in the future.” Tech tourism helps people learn while they’re having fun. It makes difficult ideas easier to understand. Through high-tech tools like VR goggles, visitors can clearly see how technology works in real life. This kind of experience turns knowledge into something people can actually see and touch. At the same time, tech tourism plays an important role in inspiring young people. Many teenagers develop a strong interest in science after joining these activities. When they watch a rocket launch, try astronaut suits, or take part in space-themed tasks, they feel excited and want to learn more about the world of technology. Travel used to be mainly about going quickly from one place to another. Today, visitors’ needs are taken more seriously. People no longer just look at sights (风景); they want to take part in activities and truly experience things. We can safely say, “China’s tech tourism has just taken off and it has a lot to offer.” 1．What can we know from Wang Xing’s example? A．Space travel will become common in the near future. B．Summer is the best season for watching a rocket launch. C．Tech tourism experiences can influence children’s interests. 2．What advantages of tech tourism are mentioned in the passage? a. Making knowledge easier to understand. b. Helping people learn in an enjoyable way. c. Inspiring young people’s interest in science. d. Helping family members communicate better. A．a、b、c B．a、b、d C．b、c、d 3．How does the writer feel about the future of tech tourism in China? A．Hopeful. B．Worried. C．Doubtful. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．VR Goggles: A New Way to See China B．Why Technology Is Important for Tourism C．Tech Tourism: China’s New Way of Travel 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了科技旅游如何改变人们的旅行方式，通过VR眼镜、火箭发射观看等活动让人们在娱乐中学习，并将复杂知识变得直观易懂，同时激发年轻人对科学的兴趣。 【详解】1．第二段通过Wang Xing的例子说明：“He was amazed by it and even talked about traveling to space in the future.” 这表明科技旅游的体验能够影响孩子的兴趣。 2．第三段“Tech tourism helps people learn while they’re having fun.”（对应 b）和“It makes difficult ideas easier to understand.”（对应 a）；以及第四段“tech tourism plays an important role in inspiring young people…develop a strong interest in science”（对应 c）。文中未提及 d 选项“帮助家庭成员更好地沟通”。 3．最后一段指出：“We can safely say, ‘China’s tech tourism has just taken off and it has a lot to offer.’” 这表明作者对科技旅游的未来充满希望。 4．全文围绕科技旅游这一主题，介绍其具体形式、优势及未来前景，因此最佳标题为“Tech Tourism: China’s New Way of Travel”。 主题03 人与自然——环保建筑；环保消费 Passage 1 (2026·初三·湖南常德市·二模) A lot of people drink bottled water in the world. A water bottle offers great convenience. It can be bought almost anywhere, carried around for a while, and then thrown away. The influence of bottled water on the environment, however, is very big. About 2.7 million tons of plastic is turned into bottles which are only used once each year. This requires a lot of oil and water. It also produces greenhouse gases. Bottled water is often carried for long distances to reach people who buy it. This uses even more fossil fuels (化石燃料) and creates more pollution. Although the bottles can be recycled, only small parts of them are. The US only recycles about 23 percent. The rest are part of a growing waste problem. Convenience isn’t the only reason for bottled water to become popular. Many people believe that it must be cleaner and healthier than tap water from public water systems. But this is not true. In developed countries such as the US and some countries in Europe, laws about safe water are often stricter for tap water than for bottled water. It may come as a surprise that nearly 40% of the water bottled in the US starts from tap water. Before bottling, some companies filter (过滤) it, and they might add some things for taste. What’s more, bottled water can cost from 240 to 10,000 times more than tap water. “Back to the tap” activities start around the world. In order to save money, use fewer resources, and create less waste, they support using tap water and reusable bottles rather than bottled water. San Francisco and other cities across the United States no longer allow their government departments to buy bottled water. Companies are trying to improve, too. They have reduced the use of plastic in their bottles. 1．What’s the second paragraph mainly talking about? A．The problem caused by bottled water. B．The ways to produce bottled water. C．The advantages of bottled water. 2．Why is bottled water popular? A．Because people think it is the water from nature. B．Because people think it is convenient and safe. C．Because people think it can prevent illnesses. 3．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Fossil fuels. B．Greenhouse gases. C．The bottles. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．“Back to the tap” Activities B．Bottled Water or Tap Water? C．Let’s Drink Healthy Water 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要讨论了瓶装水对环境的影响，以及人们对其安全性的误解，并介绍了“回归自来水”运动。 1．第二段开头指出“The influence of bottled water on the environment, however, is very big”，接着阐述了瓶装水在塑料使用、能源消耗、温室气体产生、运输污染以及回收等方面带来的问题，说明第二段主要谈论的是瓶装水造成的问题。 2．第三段提到“Convenience isn’t the only reason for bottled water to become popular. Many people believe that it must be cleaner and healthier than tap water from public water systems”，说明瓶装水受欢迎是因为人们认为它方便且安全。 3．第二段提到“Although the bottles can be recycled, only small parts of them are”，结合前文可知这里说的是瓶子的回收，所以“them”指代的是前文提到的“the bottles”。 4．文章围绕瓶装水和自来水展开，讨论了瓶装水的优缺点、自来水的优势以及“回归自来水”活动，所以最佳标题是“Bottled Water or Tap Water?”。 Passage 2 (2026·初三·湖南湘潭市雨湖区·二模) People are trying to build “green buildings” that are friendly to the environment. They might not seem any different from common buildings. But let’s take a closer look. Stay cool and warm. It takes a lot of energy to light rooms. It also takes energy to heat and cool buildings. So green buildings are designed to do all these things with much less energy. An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. Special insulation (隔热材料) inside keeps heat inside in winter and keeps heat outside in summer, This saves energy for heating and cooling. Some green buildings don’t need any radiators (散热器) or air conditioning at all! Save the trees. What a building is made from can also help the planet. To save forests, some green buildings have bamboo floors instead of wood. Bamboo looks like wood, but it’s actually a grass. It grows back 20 times faster than a tree. Another way to build green is to use recycled materials. That saves the cost and reduces pollution of producing something new. Make better home. City planners like green buildings because they save money and they are healthier for the people who work and live inside. But you don’t need to build a whole new building. Simple changes like shading windows and planting trees can make any home greener—and a better Earth home for us all. As more people become concerned (担忧的) about climate change, more buildings are going green. Experts are finding new ways to build green buildings. We also need to change our mind. Let’s take action now! 1．How does an energy-smart building save energy for heating and cooling? A．It uses air conditioners. B．It has special thick walls. C．It uses smart radiators. 2．Why is bamboo used instead of wood in green buildings? A．Because it is a recycled material. B．Because it grows back much faster. C．Because it can keep the room warm. 3．In Paragraph 4, what does the writer advise us to do? A．To make small changes to our home. B．To pay attention to climate change. C．To build a whole new green building. 4．How is the text organized? （① = Paragraph 1, ② = Paragraph 2, …） A． B． C． 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了人们正在尝试建造对环境友好的“绿色建筑”，包括其节能的设计方式、环保的建筑材料选择，以及城市规划者喜欢绿色建筑的原因，还呼吁人们采取行动让更多建筑走向绿色。 【详解】53．根据文章第二段“An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. Special insulation (隔热材料) inside keeps heat inside in winter and keeps heat outside in summer. This saves energy for heating and cooling.”可知，节能型建筑通过有特殊的厚墙以及内部的隔热材料来节省供暖和制冷的能源，而不是使用空调或智能散热器。 1．由文章第三段“To save forests, some green buildings have bamboo floors instead of wood. Bamboo looks like wood, but it’s actually a grass. It grows back 20 times faster than a tree.”可知，在绿色建筑中使用竹子代替木材是因为竹子生长速度比树快得多，能更好地保护森林，而不是因为它是回收材料或能使房间保暖。 2．从文章第四段“But you don’t need to build a whole new building. Simple changes like shading windows and planting trees can make any home greener—and a better Earth home for us all.”可知，作者建议我们不需要建造全新的绿色建筑，对我们的家做一些像给窗户遮阳和种树这样的小改变就能让家更环保。 3．文章第一段总述人们正在尝试建造对环境友好的“绿色建筑”；第二段介绍节能型建筑如何节能；第三段讲绿色建筑在材料使用上如何环保；第四段说即使不新建绿色建筑，对家做些小改变也能环保；第五段呼吁大家行动起来。每一段都是围绕第一段的“绿色建筑”展开说明，属于总分结构。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $