专题03 阅读理解 （说明文）（新高考一卷）2026年高考英语二模分类汇编

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读，精选2026年多地高三二模真题，覆盖人与社会（如共享餐桌、城市更新）、人与自然（如气候影响、生态保护）、人与自我（如健康管理、认知科学）三大主题，融合科技前沿（AI交通、药物研发）与文化传承（威尼斯青铜狮、中国舞狮）素材，考查信息获取与逻辑思维能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|每篇4题，共30+篇|细节理解（如“共享餐桌复兴原因”）、推理判断（如“微度假流行因素”）、主旨大意（如“AI药物研发影响”）、词义猜测（如“pulled off”“flourishing”）|情境真实（如冰岛蚊子入侵、办公室改住宅），问题梯度分明（基础信息题占60%，推理分析题占40%），贴合高考命题趋势|

专题03 说明文阅读 主题01 人与社会——社会交往；社会心理；文化历史；消费趋势；城市治理；社会公益； 医疗健康；大脑科学；国际考古；药物研发；城市更新 Passage 1 (2026·高三·河北邢台市·二模) Shared tables, a trend enjoying popularity in the 1980s, offer a different social way to digital natives in the West. Where diners once were unwilling to sit with strangers, Gen Z, individuals born between 1997 and 2012, are pulling their chairs a little closer. According to new data, 90% of Gen Z diners say they enjoy communal (共享的) tables, compared to just 60% of boomers, people born during a period when many babies were born, highlighting a generational revival (复兴) of dining together. Communal dining has long divided the room — in more than one way. For example, a report from the online reservation service company Resy found 63% of respondents feel that communal tables are great for meeting new people, with half saying they’ve had interesting conversations with someone they otherwise wouldn’t have spoken to while dining with strangers. Meanwhile, the format has been a joke in an American comedy, where characters put up with awkward small talk over shared seating. Michael Della Penna, chief strategy officer at the digital advertising research firm InMarket, said that, for members of a notably anxious generation, the communal environment can be comforting, “because you don’t have to be the focus or the initiator of the group conversation.” It’s especially comforting for those who may feel like they don’t have the social skills. “It’s a safe step towards connecting and being social where you don’t have the heavy weight of carrying the entire conversation,” Della Penna said. “Communal dining has a history of thousands of years, but its popularity has been unstable, with waves of enthusiasm following periods of little interaction,” said Donnie Madia, a Chicago-based restaurateur.“Back in 2008, after the financial crisis, which forced people to reduce engagement with others, people wanted to be together, and to be in smaller spaces; once they started to come back to the restaurants, they wanted that festive feeling of dining together.” Gen Z grew up online, but they’re intentionally seeking real-world connections, and restaurants have become that gathering space again. For them, sharing a table isn’t just practical seating. 1．What phenomenon is stressed in paragraph 1? A．Digital natives lack connections. B．The shared dining trend is back. C．Shared tables change social ways. D．Gen Z have similar eating habits. 2．What do the examples show about communal dining in paragraph 2? A．It leads to disagreement. B．It brings unexpected results. C．It is often misunderstood. D．It is more and more popular. 3．Why might communal dining appeal to anxious people? A．It provides many topics to discuss. B．It allows them to improve social skills. C．It enables them to be the talk’s focus. D．It offers a less pressured way to socialize. 4．What do Donnie Madia’s words imply? A．Communal dining caught on after 2008. B．Social disconnection boosts communal dining. C．Crises discourage people from exploring. D．Restaurants need to create the festive feeling. Passage 2 (2026·高三·浙江绍兴市·二模) Middle age has become a critical breaking point in the US. Those born in the 1960s and early 1970s report higher level of loneliness and depression, along with declining memory and physical strength — an unusual trend when compared with other wealthy nations, where midlife health and well-being have improved, especially inNordic Europe. To figure out the root cause, Arizona State University psychologist Frank J. Infurna and his colleagues analyzed survey data from 17 countries. They concluded that America’s real midlife crisis stems from balancing work, finances, family and health amid weakening social supports, rather than personal lifestyle choices. Their findings, published in Current Directions in Psychological Science, point to multiple contributing factors and offer directions for change. Family policy differences mark a key gap between the US and Europe. European countries have increased family welfare expenditure (支出) since the early 2000s, while US spending has stayed largely unchanged, lacking cash transfers, parental leave support and funded childcare. This leaves US middle-aged adults, who balance work, child-raising and elder care, facing steadily rising loneliness across generations. Healthcare affordability and income inequality worsen the situation. The US spends the most on healthcare globally, yet individuals face limited access and high out-of-pocket costs, leading to stress, anxiety and medical debt. Income inequality has also grown in the US, unlike in Europe, and is linked to poorer health and greater loneliness, as it restricts education, employment and social service access. Cultural patterns and weak social safety nets also contribute to the issue. Americans move frequently and live far from extended families, weakening social ties. Later US generations also face financial insecurity, while Europe’s stronger safety nets protect its middle-aged population. Notably, education is losing its protective power: despite higher educational attainment, US middle-aged adults show episodic memory decline, weakened by ongoing stress and health risks. The researchers stress these outcomes are not unavoidable. Personal social engagement can lessen stress, but individual efforts are insufficient — strong policy-backed safety nets are essential to reverse the troubling midlife health trends in the US. 1．What led to America’s midlife crisis according to Infurna’s research? A．Close living space but loose social bonds. B．Heavy life pressures but weak social supports. C．Insufficient education and unfair work opportunities. D．Unhealthy lifestyle and limited access to medical care. 2．What is a major difference in family policies between the US and Europe? A．Europe has cared less about social ties. B．The US has adjusted cash transfer policies. C．The US has broadened parental leave support. D．Europe has increased family benefits spending. 3．What conclusion can be drawn about US healthcare from the text? A．People lack accessible and affordable care. B．It lays emphasis on people’s mental health. C．The government cuts down healthcare spending. D．Medical debt is people’s biggest financial burden. 4．What is the key to the solution of US midlife crisis? A．Individual social involvement. B．Experts’ long-term professional guidance. C．Gradual transformation of cultural patterns. D．Strong government-supported social protections. Passage 3 (2026·高三·安徽滁州市·二模) Researchers at the University of Padua in Italy have traced the origins of one of Venice’s most long-lasting signs: the bronze winged lion that stands on the top of a column in St Mark’s Square. Long believed to be a Venetian creation, the sculpture is determined to come from the Yangzi River basin in China. The lion systematically reflects Chinese artistic traditions. For example, the position of its paws matches that of ancient Chinese lion guardians, originally fierce protectors of tombs. Researchers propose that Marco Polo may have acquired the sculpture, a gift from the Yuan Dynasty emperor, and later brought it back to Venice. A Chinese burial guardian thus became a silent witness to the vast cultural exchanges. In China, the lion holds an important symbolic role even though the animals have never lived there in the wild. From palaces to the gates of private homes and even modern banks, pairs of stone lions still stand guard. Real lions began arriving in China via the Silk Road, sent as foreign offerings from Central Asian states to emperors of the Han Dynasty. By the Tang Dynasty, lions were already features of the cultural imagination. Over the centuries, their style evolved: Tang figures often walk energetically, Song examples soften into playful scenes, while later lions sit low in calm dignity. large and completely still. The lion’s influence also extended into popular culture. The lion dance combined martial arts, acrobatics (杂技) and drama into a brilliant performance. Performed at public celebrations, the dance represented strength, luck and the driving away of evil spirits. Today, it remains a beloved festive event across China and throughout overseas Chinese communities. From foreign gift animal to sacred guardian, from sculpted icon to dynamic performer, the lion in China reflects a unique blend of folk inspiration and artistic imagination. In Italy, the bronze lion still gazes over Venice, standing as a reminder of the global networks linking East Asia and Europe long before the modern age, and of how symbols travel, transform and last across civilizations. 1．What is the researchers’ discovery about the bronze lion? A．It originated in China. B．It was made by Venetians. C．It stood as Venice’s symbol. D．It was bought by Marco Polo. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Lions’ origin and traditional role. B．Lions’ images and historic significance. C．Lions’ spread and cultural influence. D．Lions’ introduction and stylistic evolution. 3．What is the lion dance viewed as today? A．A memorial ceremony. B．A form of martial arts training. C．A traditional celebration. D．An intercultural collaboration. 4．What can we learn from the bronze lion’s existence in Italy? A．Venice served as an ancient trade center. B．The bronze lion symbolized Venice’s history. C．Ancient China exported lion statues widely. D．Cultural exchanges existed earlier than assumed. Passage 4 (2026·高三·江西新余市·二模) Zach Klempf, a software company executive from San Francisco, never felt like he had enough time to visit the places on his bucket list, such as the Egyptian pyramids. But after experimenting with what have become known as “microvacations,” or “microcations” — quick trips, often to far-flung destinations—Mr. Klempf pulled off his most ambitious vacation yet. After a Thursday board meeting in New York, the 34-year-old flew to Athens for eight hours to tour the Parthenon, then to Egypt to visit the pyramids and Grand Egyptian Museum —all before returning to San Francisco by Sunday dinner. Most expenses were paid with credit card points. Mr. Klempf is among the growing number of travelers, short on vacation time or looking to save money, who are embarking on tight-scheduled trips that take advantage of time zones and credit card points to string together one-to-three-day trips. The trend has been spurred by social media posts from microvacationers, who either stretch limited paid time off, use loyalty points for quick trips, or seek the challenge. A TikToker named Kylah, for example, shares weekend trips from eastern U.S. to destinations like Iceland and Tokyo. According to the travel platform Tripadvisor, the average length of a trip taken by an American traveler in 2025 was three days. Laurel Greatrix, the chief communications officer for Tripadvisor Group, suggests microvacationers aim to anchor their trips to a single experience. Don’t cover too much ground in the limited time you have, she said, and don’t overplan. Klempf finds inspiration on social media and plans tours via platforms like Viator, aiming to continue such trips this year. “Every board meeting I do, I’m going to do this again.” he said. 1．What does the phrase “pulled off” probably mean in paragraph 1? A．Planned in great detail. B．Made it despite difficulty. C．Avoided it due to high cost. D．Gave up after careful thought. 2．What allowed Mr. Klempf to afford his microvacation? A．His high salary as a software executive. B．Holiday discounts for business travelers. C．Credit card points covering most expenses. D．Sponsorship from travel platforms like Viator. 3．Which feature is typical of microvacations according to the text? A．Trips usually lasting over 3 days. B．Focus on multiple tourist attractions. C．Dependence on luxury transportation. D．Use of time zones and loyalty points. 4．Why does the author mention TikToker Kylah? A．To explain how to plan a low-cost trip. B．To introduce a popular travel influencer. C．To compare different microvacation destinations. D．To show how social media inspires microvacations. Passage 5 (2026·高三·江西上饶市·二模) Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping urban traffic management in ways that were unimaginable a decade ago. As cities struggle with worsening heavy traffic jams, rising carbon emissions, and the need for safer roads, AI-powered systems are emerging as game-changers. Unlike traditional traffic control methods that rely on fixed timers, AI systems analyses real-time data from cameras, sensors, and even smartphone apps to adjust traffic signals dynamically. In Singapore, the AI traffic management system developed by the Land Transport Authority has reduced travel times by 15% in downtown areas since its launch in 2024. The system processes data from over 5,000 traffic sensors and 2,000 cameras, predicting traffic flows up to 30 minutes in advance. When a major accident occurs, it automatically adjusts signals in nearby areas to guide traffic, minimizing backups. Similarly, in Seoul, AI has helped cut traffic jams by 22% on key highways, as the system adjusts the speed of traffic lights based on the number of vehicles in each lane. Critics believe that AI systems are too expensive to implement and maintain, especially for smaller cities. However, supporters point out that the long-term benefits — such as reduced fuel consumption and fewer accidents — outweigh the initial costs. A study by the International Transport Forum found that AI traffic management could reduce urban carbon emissions by 12% globally by 2030. Moreover, as AI technology advances, the cost of implementation is expected to drop significantly. Another advantage of AI is its ability to adapt to changing conditions. During peak hours, school drop-offs, or special events, the system can quickly adjust its algorithms (算法) to meet the demand. This flexibility is particularly valuable in cities with complex traffic patterns. As more cities adopt AI-powered traffic solutions, the potential for creating smarter, greener, and more efficient urban environments becomes increasingly evident. 1．What makes AI traffic systems different from traditional ones ? A．Improved vehicle control. B．Flexible traffic signal system. C．Advanced traffic timers and cameras. D．Smart city planning and management. 2．What do Seoul and Singapore’s AI traffic systems have in common? A．Limits on vehicle speed. B．Reliance on current traffic conditions. C．Automatic accident-responsive adjustment. D．Partnership with the same software company. 3．What’s the function of paragraph 3? A．To strengthen the argument. B．To put forward an argument. C．To indicate the possible challenges. D．To give practical application. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward the future of AI traffic systems? A．Unclear. B．Cautious. C．Approving. D．Dismissive. Passage 6 (2026·高三·湖北襄阳市·二模) Currently, most packaging is single-use and is made with plastic materials obtained from nonrenewable resources like fossil oil that take hundreds of years to break down in the environment. On top of this, only 9% of plastic is recycled. This has resulted in the formation of floating piles of plastic garbage in the ocean, called “the Great Pacific Garbage Patch”. Perhaps the biggest contributor to plastic waste, at least in the United States, is plastic bags, the kind found at most stores. These bags, while sometimes recycled, are often only used once and can be found littered throughout the environment. To address this problem, Srinivas Janaswamy from South Dakota State University is working towards developing a plastic-like bag that will break down in the environment. The key ingredient of Janaswamy’s work? Cellulose (纤维素) . It’s a common organic substance on Earth and is found, primarily, in the cell walls of plants. Cellulose gives plants structural strength and firmness thanks to its chemical makeup and long, chain-like form. “By obtaining cellulose from agricultural products, value-added products can be created,” Janaswamy said. Janaswamy then met Anne Fennell, a leading researcher in the study of grapevines (葡萄藤) which are rich in cellulose. Every year, after the majority of new branches on the vine are cut off, they are either cut into pieces and buried in the soil or burned in some areas. “Since grapevines are plentiful and have insignificant use after harvest, why not use this for value-added films (薄膜) ?” Janaswamy thought. Janaswamy’s idea led to cooperation, and soon he was getting cellulose which looks almost like cotton — from grapevines. Janaswamy’s grapevine films are transparent (透明的) and strong, and break down within 17 days in the soil — leaving behind no harmful remains. “High transparency enhances product visibility and allows a quick check of the quality without even opening the package. These films demonstrate excellent promise for food packaging, ” Fennell said. 1．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning “the Great Pacific Garbage Patch” in Paragraph 1? A．The severe plastic pollution. B．The limits of recycling technology. C．The improper shopping habits. D．The promise of renewable resources. 2．Why is cellulose essential to Janaswamy’s plastic-like bags? A．It can be found everywhere. B．It can be recycled from food waste. C．It helps form strong structures. D．It breaks down into usable materials. 3．What advantage of the grapevine films does Fennell highlight in the last paragraph? A．Their low expenses. B．Their user-friendliness. C．Their easy production. D．Their energy-efficiency. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? A．The Plastic Pollution in the Pacific Ocean B．The Treatment of Grapevines After Harvest C．Cellulose: A Vital Organic Substance in Plant D．Grapevine Films: Eco-Friendly Plastic Alternative Passage 7 (2026·高三·湖北黄石市·二模) Research led by King’s College London offers convincing evidence that viewing original artwork in a gallery does more than uplift the spirit — it measurably improves physical health. The study demonstrates that this activity can significantly reduce stress and may even strengthen the immune system. To investigate the physiological effects of looking at art, researchers designed an experiment involving 50 UK volunteers aged 18-40. Participants were divided into two matched groups based on age, gender, and baseline stress levels. One group visited the Courtauld Gallery to view original paintings by renowned artists such as Van Gogh and Gauguin, while the other observed high-quality digital reproductions of the same artworks in a neutral laboratory setting. Throughout the 20-minute session, each participant wore research-grade digital watches that continuously monitored heart rate variability and skin temperature — key indicators of autonomic nervous system activity. Saliva (唾液) samples were collected immediately before and after the viewing period to measure biochemical changes. These samples were later analyzed for levels of cortisol, a hormone linked to stress, which is associated with inflammation (炎症) and chronic diseases. Remarkably, researchers found that for those viewing original art, levels of the stress hormone dropped by 22%, whereas the control group levels fell by just 8%. Meanwhile, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), which are linked to stress and a number of chronic diseases, dropped by 30% and 28% respectively for gallery viewers, with no change in the control group. This suggests that art has a potentially calming effect on the body’s inflammatory responses. “From a scientific perspective, the most exciting out-take is that art had a positive impact on three different body systems — the immune, endocrine (内分泌的), and autonomic systems — simultaneously. This is a unique finding, and something we were genuinely surprised to see,” explains Dr Tony Woods, who is the senior author of the study. Though art has long been associated with improved well being, this study provides the scientific support that it’s healing for our body as well. 1．What was the main goal of the research? A．To compare different art styles’ effects. B．To promote visits to a specific art gallery. C．To measure art’s physical impact scientifically. D．To prove authentic art boosts creativity greatly. 2．How was the experiment conducted? A．By using psychological questionnaires. B．By surveying artists and visitors separately. C．By testing groups under different conditions. D．By focusing on short - term emotional changes. 3．What key change did original art cause? A．A sharp increase in heart rate. B．A rise in blood pressure levels. C．A drop in participants’ skin temperature. D．A reduction in stress and inflammatory markers. 4．Why does Dr. Tony Woods call the discovery “unique”? A．It confirms art’s link to mental pleasure. B．It uses a new method for data collection. C．It finds pressure levels drop significantly. D．It shows art benefits multiple body systems. Passage 8 (2026·高三·湖南长沙市·二模) For decades, scientists assumed that the human brain followed a simple path: rapid development in childhood followed by a slow decline with age. Yet recent research suggests a far more complex story. Rather than aging steadily, the brain appears to pass through five distinct stages, each marked by changes in how its internal connections are organized. So striking are these transitions that researchers have identified several key turning points — around the ages of 9, 32, 66 and 83 — when patterns of neural (神经的) communication shift significantly. To uncover this pattern, scientists analyzed nearly 4,000 brain scans from participants in the US and Britain, ranging from newborn babies to the elderly in their nineties. By examining white matter — the fatty tissue linking different brain regions, researchers traced how communication pathways develop across the lifetime. With the help of machine-learning algorithms (算法), they identified moments when these networks changed most dramatically. The first stage, from birth to about age 9, is marked by rapid growth. Yet growth alone does not define it. Equally important is the brain’s ability to prune away unused connections, strengthening efficient pathways. At around 9 begins the adolescent phase, lasting until roughly 32, during which neural wiring becomes more efficient and communication across brain regions speeds up. Not until the early thirties does the brain enter what scientists call the adult stage, a relatively stable period that continues until about 66. Cognitive abilities often level off, while brain regions operate in more specialized groups. After this point, early aging gradually emerges. Connections between neural networks weaken as white matter slowly declines, and beyond 83, the brain relies more heavily on a limited number of well-used pathways. Although individuals may experience these shifts at different times, the study highlights a key idea: The brain is not fixed but constantly reorganizing throughout life. Understanding this timeline may help explain why certain mental-health conditions appear at particular ages and may guide efforts to promote healthier aging. 1． How does the author develop paragraph 1? A．By challenging an old assumption. B．By displaying comprehensive evidence. C．By explaining brain connection changes. D．By presenting the key turning points in brain aging. 2． What does the underlined phrase “prune away” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Turn to. B．Mix up. C．Dig into. D．Cut out. 3． What characterizes the adult stage? A．Cognitive abilities witness rapid growth. B．Neural connections gradually weaken. C．The brain pathways in use are limited. D．Brain activity remains relatively stable. 4． What is the purpose of the text? A．To warn about the risks of brain aging. B．To detail the stages of brain development. C．To compare different views on brain development. D．To introduce new technology used in brain research. Passage 9 (2026·高三·河北保定市·二模) For centuries, the construction methods of Egypt’s great pyramids remained a puzzle. Some even suggested the involvement of extraterrestrial (外星球的) beings. However, archaeological discoveries have provided solid answers. In 2013, French archaeologist Pierre Tallet discovered well-preserved papyrus scrolls (纸草卷) at Wadi al-Jarf, an ancient port on the Red Sea. Dating back over 4,500 years, these documents recorded the daily work of a man named Merer, who led his team to transport stone materials to Giza by boat. The logs revealed details of travel routes, time spent, and the number of stones moved, proving that pyramid building was actually a highly organized national project supported by efficient logistics (后勤) and precise planning. Today, archaeological cooperation is building bridges between ancient civilizations. Since 2016, a Chinese-Egyptian joint team has been working at the Temple of Montu in Luxor. Gao Wei, a researcher from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, notes that after nearly ten years of collaboration, both sides have gained a much deeper understanding of each other’s cultures. He recalls a particularly moving moment during the COVID-19 pandemic, when Egyptian colleagues took care of the Chinese team like family members. Egypt also showed support by projecting China’s national flag onto the Karnak Temple. Meanwhile, dialogue between China and Greece is also flourishing. Westra of Greece, from the key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development at Henan University, points out that both civilizations produced great thinkers around the 5th century BC． Confucius and Plato both reflected on morality, order, and how to maintain stability during times of change. Westra believes that by studying each other’s historical approaches, both countries can gain valuable insights. He notes that Chinese history emphasizes long-term continuity, a perspective that can enrich the study of Greek history. From the pyramids to the Yinxu Ruins, from the Nile to the Yellow River, archaeological cooperation does more than help us understand the past. As Gao Wei puts it, just as the ancient Egyptians used materials from different places to build the pyramids, we today need collaboration and shared wisdom to create the future we want. 1．What did the discovery of the papyrus scrolls reveal about pyramid building? A．It was built with extraterrestrial help. B．It was a well-organized national effort. C．It relied mainly on modern technology. D．It was organized by a man named Merer. 2．How does the author show the close relationship between Chinese and Egyptian archaeologists? A．By describing the long history of Egyptian civilization. B．By listing the number of artifacts they discovered. C．By comparing their different research methods. D．By mentioning their mutual support during difficult times. 3．What does the underlined word “flourishing” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Developing well. B．Fading away. C．Remaining unchanged. D．Dying out. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Construction of Egyptian pyramids. B．Philosophies of Confucius and Plato. C．Value of international archaeological cooperation. D．Daily work of ancient Egyptian workers. Passage 10 (2026·高三·河南开封市·二模) Historically, drug development has been associated with high failure rates. On average, only 1 in 10 promising drug candidates finally makes it to market. Turning a simple molecular (分子的) structure into a workable treatment typically takes 10 to 15 years and a budget exceeding $1 billion. This high attrition (损耗) rate has long been a massive barrier for the industry. However, generative AI has emerged as a revolutionary force. The drug industry is rapidly adopting this technology to analyze vast biological datasets. AI tools can identify promising target proteins and suggest novel molecules that could combine effectively with those targets. Furthermore, they can predict the effectiveness and toxicity of potential candidates, significantly reducing the likelihood of early-stage trial failures. According to recent data, AI-designed molecules show an 80% — 90% success rate in early-stage safety trials, a substantial increase from the historical average of 40% — 65%. While the results in later stages remain uncertain, early improvements alone could boost the overall success rate. Consulting firm McKinsey estimates that AI could add an enormous $60 bn — $110 bn in annual value to the industry, primarily by simplifying complex processes from clinical documentation to administrative efficiency. Major drug companies are increasingly partnering with AI firms and tech giants like Amazon, Google, and Nvidia. For instance, Nvidia has teamed up with Eli Lilly to build the drug industry’s most powerful supercomputer. As AI revolutionizes drug development, some industry value may shift toward technological partners, creating new economic dynamics in healthcare innovation. Yet, challenges remain. Drug firms still hold unique advantages in patent data and regulatory expertise. But as AI tackles more complex biological problems, these traditional strengths may become less critical. Additionally, governments must accelerate regulatory reviews to prevent bottlenecks as the number of new candidates increases sharply. Perhaps the biggest impact lies in patent law. Currently, long patent lives help drug companies cover investments, encouraging them to pursue high-risk discovery businesses. Yet if the costs and riskiness of innovation fall dramatically, then patent terms (which typically provide 10 — 15 years of market exclusivity) may need to become shorter. 1．What is the impact of AI on drug development from the passage? A．Rise in drug development costs for companies. B．Complete replacement of human researchers soon. C．Great promise in improving early-stage trial success. D．Reduction of patent protection term to under 10 years. 2．Why do drug companies partner with tech giants like Nvidia? A．To gain access to more advanced biological data directly. B．To reduce the risks associated with clinical documentation. C．To take the lead in setting global regulatory standards for AI. D．To establish the most powerful supercomputers for drug research. 3．What does the author suggest about the future of drug patents? A．Tech companies might eventually own all drug patents. B．They may lose their legal validity entirely as AI evolves. C．The length of patent protection could potentially be reduced. D．New patents will no longer be needed for AI-designed drugs. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．AI: The Key to Healthcare Patent Law Reform. B．AI: A Powerful Force in Drug Industry Transformation. C．AI: Revolution in Early-Stage Drug Target Discovery. D．AI: Transformation of Traditional Drug Companies’ Future. Passage 11 (2026·高三·浙江温州市·二模) The room looks like your typical office: white walls, low ceilings, gray carpet worn thin from years of foot traffic. But for this vacant (空着的) office outside Dupont Circle in Washington, D．C．, real estate developers see potential. Cities across the U.S. are struggling with two problems: too much empty office space and not enough housing. Nationally, office vacancy rates reached roughly 20% in 2024, after years of employees working from home. At the same time, the national housing shortage is in the millions. Cities like D．C．, are now betting that by turning empty offices into homes, one crisis can help solve the other. A project in D．C．, which broke ground last month, is the largest such conversion (转化) in the city to date. The overall structure of the buildings will remain the same, but with major additions: a lighter-colored exterior (外部) will replace the gray concrete from the 1960s, and old inefficient windows will be replaced by larger ones that let in more light per unit. Plans include luxuries such as a pool and a dog park, with projected rent around $4,000 per month. Yet 60 units will be set aside as affordable housing. “We would love to do more,” says Matt Pestronk, the president of a development company, “but unfortunately, almost all capital seeks a return. This was as much as we could afford to do.” “It does kill two birds with one stone, in terms of providing some housing supply.” says Tracy Loh, a fellow at the Brookings Institution who studies adaptive reuse of old buildings. And it tends to create housing in central, transit-accessible areas that are in high demand. The decline of manufacturing (制造业) in the late 20th century offers a glimpse of what comes next. When shifts happen in the economy and society, the built environment must change to match contemporary demand. Just as empty factory floors became trendy apartments, today’s empty office spaces are turning into stylish kitchens and bedrooms. 1．What are cities like DC trying to do? A．Repurpose empty offices. B．Tear down unused buildings. C．Build housing in suburbs. D．Encourage working from home. 2．What can be inferred about the project in paragraph 3? A．It requires structural changes. B．It targets low-income families. C．It is funded by the government. D．It balances profit and social needs. 3．What does Tracy Loh think of the conversion? A．Realistic. B．Not far-reaching. C．Demanding. D．Short-sighted. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Cities Are Caught in Crisis B．Housing Demand Is Crying for More C．Offices Are Becoming Homes D．Manufacturing Is Gaining a Second Life 主题02 人与自然——生态保护；动物行为；气候变化；生态修复；植物生态；海洋生态； 气候影响；地球科学；环境照明 Passage 1 (2026·高三·福建宁德市·二模) The soft song of the wren (鹪鹩) once commonly marked sunrise in the central Amazon jungle. But recently, it was a rare wonder when the song cut through the morning darkness. This has received little public attention, yet it is ringing alarm bells among bird scientists. According to their research, numerous bird species are growing increasingly rare, from the Amazon rainforest in Brazil to protected reserves in Ecuador and Panama. By comparing long-term bird monitoring data over recent decades, researchers have found birds are disappearing from surprising places — expanses of forest untouched by fires, logging or human clearing. These aren’t migratory species in decline because of habitat loss on distant continents; many spend their entire lives in a single area of trees. Further study shows that all studied bird species weigh less now than in the 1980s, suggesting they are not well fed. The hardest-hit species are insect-eating birds, including the musician wren and the black-tailed leaftosser, some of which have declined by nearly 80 percent. Given that insect populations are highly sensitive to temperature and rainfall changes, scientists suspect climate change might be the underlying cause of the birds’ decline. To explore the exact link between climate patterns and bird survival, researchers launched an experiment in the Amazon. They set up irrigation systems in undisturbed forest plots, supplementing dry-season rainfall to reproduce the wetter conditions of the 1980s. Early results are promising: compared with birds in unwatered areas, those in watered areas have higher fat levels, fewer stress signals and more active reproductive behavior. Combining long-term observations and experimental evidence, scientists reached a conclusion: climate change is the leading cause of the mysterious bird decline in untouched rainforests. Higher dry-season temperatures and unstable rainfall patterns damage the food chain by reducing insect numbers. Although the research might help explain why birds are disappearing, it may not point to any solutions. “The best that we can do is really try to slow down climate change as much as possible,” says Corey Tarwater, a University of Wyoming ecologist. 1．What phenomenon is presented in paragraph 1? A．Damage to forest bird habitats. B．Secrets of biodiversity reserves. C．Decline of forest bird populations. D．Threats to endangered bird species. 2．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．Forest birds hardly rely on insects for food. B．Food shortage accounts for the loss of birds. C．Migratory birds are facing greater challenges. D．Human activities are to blame for bird decline. 3．Why did researchers conduct the Amazon experiment? A．To figure out effects of climate on birds. B．To restore damaged rainforest ecosystems. C．To increase insect numbers in dry seasons. D．To protect endangered insect-eating birds. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Forest Birds: The Victims of Habitat Destruction B．Irrigation Test: A Crucial Lifeline for Forest Birds C．Climate Change: A Hidden Threat to Forest Birds D．Insect Decline: The Underlying Cause of Bird Loss Passage 2 (2026·高三·浙江金丽衢十二校·二模) Woodpeckers (啄木鸟) operate at an extreme level, boring through solid wood with forces more than 30 times their own weight and drilling up to 13 times a second. How do they never miss a beat while head banging so hard? It turns out that the birds tense up their entire body to smash through wood, letting out short, explosive grunts with each strike, report Brown University biologist Nicholas Antonson and his colleagues in the Journal of Experimental Biology. “Woodpeckers really are nature’s hammer in a sense,” Antonson says. To study how the birds tap, the researchers first humanely captured eight wild Downy Woodpeckers and carefully inserted electrodes into their muscles in the laboratory. The electrodes fed into a tiny, fitted backpack that recorded electrical signals from contracting muscles as the birds pecked. They also checked whether the woodpeckers held their breath during exertion (用力) (like weight lifters tend to do) or exhaled (呼气) (like tennis players) while striking the wood by examining airflow through the birds’ air sacs — small, balloon-like structures that help them breathe in and out. By matching these measurements with high-speed videos, the scientists tracked the woodpeckers’ taps down to every four milliseconds. Instead of using a single muscle to control the action, woodpeckers activated “every muscle from the head to the tail,” Antonson says. The birds used their powerful hip flexors to push forward, clenched their tail and abs (腹肌) to prepare for the strike, and stiffened the back of their head and neck on contact — similar to the way you might stiffen the back of your wrist when you hammer a nail. They then engaged a different set of hip and neck muscles to draw back. The birds also perfectly paired their pecks with sharp exhalations “as another means of stabilizing their core muscles and powering through those strikes,” Antonson explains. “To be able to breathe out 13 times per second and inhale on the order of 40 milliseconds is really impressive.” Songbirds, which aren’t closely related to woodpeckers, are the only other birds known to so precisely time their breaths, which they do as they sing. “Pecking is a full-body exercise,” says University of Alabama biologist Nicole Ackermans, who studies brain damage in woodpeckers and head-butting sheep. Coordinating “micro breaths” with muscle clenching and creating “this hammerlike structure in their whole body is such a unique approach,” she adds. 1．What does the question in the first paragraph mean? A．How do woodpeckers avoid injury while pecking? B．Why do woodpeckers peck faster than other birds? C．What makes woodpeckers stronger than other animals? D．How much weight can woodpeckers carry while pecking? 2．Why did the researchers insert electrodes into the woodpeckers’ muscles? A．To test their reaction to electrical signals. B．To record muscle activity during pecking. C．To measure their heart rate while pecking. D．To examine the structure of their muscles. 3．What does the underlined word “clenched” in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A．Tightened. B．Relaxed. C．Stretched. D．Lifted. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? A．Woodpeckers: Smart Tool Users B．Woodpeckers: Nature’s Hammers C．Woodpeckers: Amazing Strength D．Woodpeckers: Powerful Muscle Controller Passage 3 (2026·高三·江苏南京市·二模) Imagine wandering through a dark forest for hours, then traveling all the way home — in a straight line. Bull ants do this every night, and scientists have long wondered how. It turns out they use a previously unknown type of Moon compass (指南针) — never seen before in the animal kingdom. To figure it out, Cody Freas, a behavioral ecologist, and his colleagues trapped bull ants the moment they left their nests. They allowed or denied the insects the chance to observe the Moon by grouping the individuals in a clear bottle or a black box. Then they brought them to an unfamiliar setting 200 meters away — an abandoned basketball court— to test which direction they traveled home. After comparing their separate paths, the team concluded the behavior of ants that could see moonlight was consistent with what’s called a time-compensated (时间补偿的 ) lunar compass. Essentially, the insects observe how quickly the Moon moves to estimate the relative position of their home and update that prediction with time. The dynamic speed of the Moon’s movement complicates this strategy. It rises slowly, speeds up when it’s at the highest point in the sky, and then slows down as it sets. Ants could be terribly misled if they don’t account for that, but the researchers discovered the insects have an inborn sense that the Moon’s speed shifts, and they compensate for it. The discovery makes bull ants the first known animals to navigate (导航) using this type of compass. Navigating with the Moon presents several advantages. Unlike stars, which other insects use to navigate, the Moon is not blocked by light pollution, and it can be bright enough to breakthrough clouds. Bull ants also have specialized eyes that allow them to see circular (环形的) patterns of polarized moonlight spreading across the sky, so they can sense the Moon’s position, even when it’s below the horizon. Freas says the study has given him a new appreciation of the Moon as a navigational aid. “The more time you spend under the Moon,” he says, “the more it seems like a much better helper than you originally think.” 1．Which aspect of the study does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The process. B．The purposes. C．The background. D．The findings. 2．What helps bull ants navigate correctly according to the text? A．Their familiarity with the path to home. B．Their tolerance for the Moon’s movement. C．Their independence from time compensation. D．Their adjustment to the Moon’s speed change. 3．What can be inferred from the last but one paragraph? A．Navigating with the Moon is reliable for the bull ants. B．Bull ants’ eyes are characterized by circular patterns. C．Light pollution affects bull ants’ sense of direction. D．Bull ants can see the Moon below the horizon. 4．What does Freas think of bull ants using Moon compass? A．It’s controversial. B．It’s challenging. C．It’s mysterious. D．It’s amazing. Passage 4 (2026·高三·山东聊城市·二模) It is now officially confirmed: Iceland has lost its long-standing mosquito-free status. On October 21, 2025, the country’s Natural Science Institute announced that three mosquitoes had been detected near Réykjavík, the capital. This marks the first documented occurrence of mosquitoes in Iceland’s natural environment. Historically, Iceland, owing to its cold, harsh climate, was one of the only two regions on Earth entirely free of mosquitoes — the other being Antarctica. However, climate change is fundamentally changing this ecological balance. This spring, Iceland recorded unprecedented high temperatures, reaching 26.6℃ on May 15, with some areas experiencing abnormality of over 10℃ above the long-term average, according to the Icelandic Meteorological Office. Iceland is not the first territory to forfeit its mosquito-free status, said news outlet Live Science. Hawaii remained free of mosquitoes until 1826, when the insects were accidentally brought in by European and American ships and thrived in the islands’ hot, humid climate. In recent decades, global warming has enabled mosquitoes to expand their range into the islands’ higher-altitude forests, which were once too’ cold to sustain their survival. Mosquitoes are by nature adapted to warm conditions. The Conversation explains that they are ectothermic (变温的), meaning their body temperature is regulated by their surroundings. Mosquito larvae (幼虫) require temperatures between 7℃ and 16℃ to develop, while adult mosquitoes thrive in temperatures exceeding 27℃ and enter hibernation (冬眠) when temperatures drop below 10℃. Apart from rising temperatures, climate change fuels mosquito reproduction also by changing normal rainfall patterns, noted in the Stanford Report. The World Mosquito Program, a non-profit initiative led by Monash University in Australia, points out that mosquitoes depend on still, impure water to breed before maturing into flying adults. Floods create ideal breeding pools, while droughts lead people to store water, further expanding mosquito habitats. 1．What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A．Mosquitoes have destroyed the ecological balance. B．Few insects could survive Iceland’s harsh conditions. C．Mosquitoes begin to appear in Iceland. D．Iceland’s temperature rises by over 10℃. 2．What does the underlined word “forfeit” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Acquire. B．Claim. C．Lose. D．Preserve. 3．Why does the author mention droughts in the last paragraph? A．To illustrate that mosquitoes cannot survive without water. B．To explain why people have to store water during dry weather. C．To prove that rainfall patterns have been changed by climate change. D．To show changed rainfall patterns indirectly cause more mosquitoes. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Higher-altitude forests become habitats for mosquitoes. B．Mosquitoes adapt easily to warm weather. C．Floods and droughts fuel the reproduction of mosquitoes. D．Climate change drives the spread of mosquitoes. Passage 5 (2026·高三·山东烟台市·二模) South Florida’s coastal seawalls, which Keith Van de Riet, a professor at the University of Kansas, fittingly names the “forgotten edge”, have long posed a severe threat to marine ecosystems. These man-made concrete structures, originally built to protect human properties, have replaced the natural life-sustaining intertidal (潮间) zones with smooth single-dimensional surfaces, significantly destroying habitats that once supported a wealth of marine creatures. As an architect and a keen fisherman, Van de Riet observed that large-scale seawall construction had eliminated winding mangrove forests and streams in the life-rich intertidal zone, where oysters, crabs and fish once thrived (繁荣). Marine organisms, which rely on gaps and holes for shelter and reproduction, find such smooth structures totally uninhabitable. He was deeply concerned about this issue. Drawing on nature’s wisdom, Van de Riet created mangrove planters after careful research and design. These planters are intentionally cut roughly to copy natural oyster beds and mangrove roots which provide essential habitat for marine life. When hung on otherwise featureless seawalls, each planter can house two living mangrove trees, creating small but vital ecosystems that sustain marine species. In 2023, Van de Riet had his first set of one-of-a-kind planters installed on a newly built seawall in a residential canal in South Florida. The results exceeded expectations. Within months, fish, oysters and other marine life occupied the area, turning the dead-end canal into a thriving coastal ecosystem. Rachel Gittman, a coastal ecologist, warns that copying the complexity of natural habitats is tough yet acknowledges that Van de Riet’s planters outperform conventional seawalls by balancing human needs and marine biodiversity. She notes that scaling up such innovations requires significant policy adjustments from national and local governments. 1．Why does Van de Riet call the seawalls “forgotten edge”? A．To reveal a marine possibility. B．To criticize faulty architecture. C．To expose ignored ecological harm. D．To emphasize geographical location. 2．What is the core concept behind Van de Riet’s design? A．Nature-based habitat restoration. B．Harmony with coastal beauty. C．Human-focused landscape engineering. D．Survival of the fittest in nature. 3．How do Van de Riet’s planters mainly function? A．Purifying sea water. B．Establishing artificial nesting sites. C．Securing residential areas. D．Weakening wave force on seawalls. 4．What does Gittman think is a must to promote innovations like the planters? A．Rich experience. B．Public participation. C．Official initiatives. D．Financial investment. Passage 6 (2026·高三·河北唐山市·二模) You probably know about endangered animals. But what about plants? They are the backbone of every ecosystem — offering homes, food, shade, and oxygen to other species. But here’s the tricky part: sometimes a forest looks healthy. But many of the plants that could be there are actually missing. This is where the idea of dark diversity comes in. Dark diversity is like Nature’s secret list — the plants that the environment could support, but that we don’t see anymore. The problem is that most of the time, scientists only count the species they see. Dark diversity shows us a hidden loss that’s easy to ignore. We studied hidden plant loss at over 5,000 natural plant sites in 119 regions worldwide. Each site was 100 m2, and surrounding regions were about 300km2. At each site, we listed all species we saw, called alpha diversity. We also compared sites in the same region to measure beta diversity, showing how vegetation differed across the region. Across each region, we added all species to get gamma diversity, the total “regional library.” To find missing species, we calculated dark diversity, counting plants that usually grow with those present but were absent, like asking, “Which classmates are missing today?” The sum of observed and missing species formed the species pool, representing a site’s potential diversity. Community completeness is the percentage of the species pool that is actually observed at a site. Finally, we assessed human impact using the Human Footprint Index, including population, roads, farmland, and cities, to see whether higher human influence reduced biodiversity. What did we find out? On average, only about 25% of the possible plants were present in each spot. In areas with little human activity, about one in three expected species showed up. The rest were likely absent due to natural reasons. In areas with a high human footprint, only one in five expected species were there. Just counting plants (alpha diversity) didn’t show this problem. This is because different locations have naturally more or fewer species. A grassland might look “full” but still have very low completeness. The hidden loss only became clear when we looked at Nature’s secret list of missing plants. 1．What does “Nature’s secret list” suggest? A．The environment is improving. B．Some extinct plants are in it. C．Some plants are potential but absent. D．Nature has its way of creating diversity. 2．If alpha diversity is 20, dark diversity is 70, then the community completeness is about __________. A．22.2% B．28.6% C．40% D．45% 3．Which of the following best matches the finding? A． B． C． D． 4．Why does the author mention the grassland example? A．To describe a typical natural habitat. B．To emphasize the richness of plant life. C．To illustrate differences between regions. D．To show the limitation of counting visible species. Passage 7 (2026·高三·河南濮阳市·二模) Scientists have long known that small marine creatures can attach to plastic debris (碎片). After Japan’s massive 2011 tsunami, some marine animals even crossed the Pacific Ocean on floating waste. However, a study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution has revealed two alarming findings. First, plastic enables coastal organisms to prosper far from their natural habitats. Second, these coastal species are reproducing successfully in these distant offshore areas. Researchers inspected over 100 pieces of plastic collected from an ocean garbage piece, where ocean currents trap 79,000 tons of waste. They identified 484 marine organisms belonging to various species. About 70% of the plastic pieces hosted at least one type of coastal organism — far more than initially expected. More surprisingly, two-thirds of the debris had both coastal and open-sea species living together. Plastic is not merely a carrier of life; it is forming unnatural groups that researchers term “novel ocean communities” “We are witnessing coastal and native open-ocean organisms coexisting on plastic,” says lead researcher Linsey Haram. “Human activity is essentially creating new ecological groups in the open ocean.” These mixed communities may pose significant risks to native marine ecosystems. Coastal creatures could compete with local species for space and food, or even feed on them. Scientists observed coastal organisms reproducing: some guarding their eggs, while others were cloning themselves. This indicates that these coastal species may establish permanent populations in the open ocean. The danger spreads globally. Plastic debris can be carried to remote beaches, where non-native species might take root. “If a species can reproduce, it can spread. If it can spread, it can invade (入侵),” notes marine expert Linda Amaral-Zettler. This invasion could disrupt the balance of local ocean ecosystems and push native species toward danger. The study uncovers a hidden impact of plastic pollution — beyond the well-known harm to fish and seabirds. “We already know a great deal about animals getting stuck in plastic,” Haram says. “This research adds an unforeseen effect, urging us to reduce plastic waste urgently. Once plastic enters the open ocean, it’s nearly impossible to reverse (逆转) the damage.” 1．Which of the following can be concluded from the study results? A．Plastic is marine species’ main habitat. B．Coastal organisms on plastic surprise us. C．Open-sea species can adapt better to plastic. D．Coastal organisms fail to reproduce naturally. 2．What can be inferred about the “novel ocean communities” from the text? A．They will spread worldwide. B．They form naturally in the ocean. C．They will disappear with less plastic. D．They may threaten native species. 3．What does the underlined word “disrupt” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Maintain. B．Improve. C．Restore. D．Destroy. 4．What is known about plastic pollution before the study? A．It assists coastal life to survive. B．It enables organisms to prosper. C．It traps and harms sea creatures. D．It creates novel ecological groups. Passage 8 (2026·高三·湖南常德市·二模) In 1779, Englishman Charles Blair built the first primitive shelter for hikers to view France’s Mer de Glace glacier(冰川). As alpine(阿尔卑斯山的) clubs sprung up in Europe and climbers claimed first victories of major peaks in the Alps in the 1850s and 1860s, the Golden Age of Alpinism gave rise to a network of huts to support a new type of adventure tourism. Some 3,000 hiking huts, around 1,300 of which are staffed by Europe’s alpine clubs to provide food and safety above the treeline, are still standing in the Alps — for now. The Mer de Glace is reducing at a rate of 15 feet per year. By 2100, 90 percent of the glacier will be gone, while glaciers worldwide are expected to lose another 366 billion tons in the next decade. Therefore, the ground under the huts and the trails that support them is becoming more unstable. And in the face of aging structures, the foundations of huts are crumbling. Melting permafrost (永久冻土) causes steeper, faster rockfalls across the Alps. In Italy’s Dolomites, search-and-rescue operations rose 20% last summer due to unstable ground. “The mountains have always been dangerous,” says glaciologist Daniel Farinotti, “but melting is speeding up strikingly in recent years.” Advanced monitoring systems provide some warning, but hikers face more trail closures and must remain alarmed. Maintenance costs are rocketing. The Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) spends $8.8 million annually on repairs, but admits “the funds will not be enough.” The local government struggles with limited budgets. The Austrian Alpine Association sought $100 million in government aid in 2024 — they received only $3 million. So the SAC is calling for urgent action and a new financial model for hut construction. “Climate change is forcing us to rethink our concepts,” the SAC Huts 2050 report reads. “Our huts need to be adapted so that they remain safe and attractive in the future. This is not just about structural safety, but also about continuing to make mountain sports possible under changing conditions.” 1．Why were huts massively built in the Alps? A．To accommodate local staff. B．To mark the first major peaks. C．To satisfy adventurers’ needs. D．To serve as shelters for alpine clubs. 2．What does the underlined word “crumbling” mean in paragraph 2? A．Drying. B．Breaking. C．Freezing. D．Stabilizing. 3．What does the author try to illustrate by listing data in paragraph 4? A．The trouble in maintaining huts. B．The struggle for government aid. C．The urgency of building new huts. D．The necessity of financial budgets. 4．What does the SAC Huts 2050 report suggest? A．A careful plan to make huts attractive. B．Possible direction for hut adaptation. C．A practical solution to ensure hut safety. D．Constant reflection on climate change. Passage 9 (2026·高三·安徽蚌埠市·二模) Researchers have created a map of Antarctica revealing thousands of never-before-seen hills, valleys and plains beneath the ice. This new information could help scientists understand how the changing climate will affect the continent. Antarctica is almost one and a half times the size of Europe. Most of it is covered in a layer of ice that’s three miles thick in places, which makes it difficult to see the shape of the land underneath. The new map has changed that. In the past, scientists used radar from air and ground surveys to work out what the land surface might look like. Radar sends out radio waves, which bounce off the ground and are reflected back. Researchers can then work out how far away the land is beneath the ice, revealing hills, valleys and plains. The trouble is, there are big distances between the areas they’ve surveyed, leaving scientists to fill in the gaps. To create the new map, the team used satellite images, surveys of the surface ice and an understanding of how ice moves. Although ice behaves differently to water, the scientists were able to figure out how the ice had flowed and pinpoint (精准定位) the mountains and valleys underneath it. “It’s like kayaking in a river with rocks underwater. Eddies (漩涡) in the surface tell you about the rocks under the water,” said the study’s lead author, Helen Ockenden from the University of Grenoble-Alpes in France. Mapping the land underneath Antarctica is important. The continent is losing ice as the planet warms. As the ice melts, it falls into the ocean, raising global sea levels. Scientists are not sure how much ice the continent will lose in the future and how this will raise sea. The shape of a landscape affects how quickly ice moves across its surface, and the speed at which it pushes up sea levels. Experts say the map will give a better idea of what’s going to happen in the future. “It’s like a grainy pixel (像素颗粒感的) film camera before, and now a properly zoomed-in digital image of what’s really going on,” said Ockenden. 1．Why did the researchers create a new map? A．To study ice in Europe. B．To forecast sea level changes. C．To replace old survey tools. D．To show Antarctica’s hidden land. 2．How did scientists discover the landforms beneath Antarctica’s ice? A．By studying ice movement. B．By drilling ice surface deep. C．By creating eddies at sea. D．By analyzing satellite images. 3．Why does mapping the Antarctic land underneath matter? A．It helps slow global warming in Antarctia. B．It helps explain past global sea level rise. C．It helps predict ice melt and sea level rise. D．It helps measure the current amount of ice. 4．What does Ockenden intend to show by mentioning the cameras? A．How much the new maps are improved. B．How many detailed maps they have made. C．Why the ice melts so quickly in Antarctica. D．When the new technology will be used. Passage 10 (2026·高三·安徽马鞍山市·二模) Cities have adopted different approaches when it comes to street lighting, but all approaches have prioritized bright uniform street lighting for safety. However, evidence shows that this artificial lighting can change the behavior of nocturnal (夜行的) wildlife. To address this problem, Gladsaxe, a suburb of Copenhagen, introduced a new lighting approach by installing red-spectrum (红色光谱) LED street lighting along a 700-meter stretch of Frederiksborgvej and the Farum cycle superhighway. Gladsaxe’s red lighting helps limit the ecological impact that often comes with white light while still preserving visibility for road users. As far as a trade-off around light pollution goes, the Gladsaxe project provides a potential model for other cities. During the initial installation in 2022, the lighting design used 30 one-meter-high bollards (桩) spaced30 meters apart to project red light that leaves spaces of complete darkness between them, which the designers said allow light-shy bats to cross without exposure while still providing lighting continuity for the bicycle path. At locations where cyclists and pedestrians cross the road, the project added 12 poles at 3.5 meters to create a distinct visual environment and improve safety at those points. Partnering design company Light Bureau reported the installation met required lighting and uniformity levels in selected sections to support Danish road and cycle-path standards, and the project received a Build Back Better GREEN Award in 2022 for minimizing negative impacts on biodiversity while providing safe passage for road users. Light Bureau stated it intended to continue working with biologists to evaluate whether the red-spectrum approach achieved its intended ecological outcomes, indicating post-installation monitoring and assessment would inform future installations or adjustments. The project is now being viewed as a potential model for other cities worldwide dealing with light pollution and its effects on wildlife, while demonstrating how urban design can be adapted to meet both human safety needs and environmental goals. 1．What is the purpose of the Gladsaxe project? A．To reduce energy consumption. B．To make the streets more pleasing. C．To improve visibility for residents. D．To minimize disturbance to wildlife. 2．What can be learnt about the bollards and the poles? A．They are intended to ensure the safety of installers. B．They balance the needs of animals and path users. C．They serve as special decorations along the route. D．They are of similar heights and evenly spaced. 3．What can we say about the project based on Light Bureau’s report? A．It’s received recognition. B．It’s postponed intended outcomes. C．It’s secured partnerships. D．It’s stopped light pollution worldwide. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．White Light, Bright Night. B．Light Pollution in the City. C．Red Light, Safe Night. D．Lighting for the Wildlife. Passage 11 (2026·高三·浙江宁波市·二模) The ocean may appear boundless. It’s easy to imagine that fish and other ocean creatures swim freely without restriction. That assumption, however, is mistaken. According to ecologist Karissa Lear, many ocean species stick to specific habitats and seldom go beyond them. This habit can cause unexpectedly big problems, especially when human-built structures get in the way. Take, for example, the green sawfish living near the mouth of the Ashburton River in Western Australia. In 2017, a large structure was built by the shore, stretching about 550 yards into the sea. As Lear had feared, the construction did harm the critically endangered green sawfish — they were unable to pass around the barrier. To Lear, this discovery supported a surprising new idea that ocean animals, much like land species, need a helping hand getting around human-built structures. On land, wildlife crossings are becoming more common. Green bridges, for instance, help bears and elk avoid a road in Canada’s Banff National Park. In 2022, a wildlife crossing in Washington State was used more than 5,000 times by animals such as deer and coyotes. Although the bridges are already popular on land, Lear says little attention has been paid to the idea of wildlife crossings designed to help ocean animals get around safely. For ocean animals, too many barriers can cut them off from important feeding sites. Overly limited movement can lead to the development of isolated groups that are more likely to go extinct. With more large structures planned for the Ashburton River area, Lear says the cumulative (累积的) effect of multiple barriers is a real concern for the green sawfish’s future. As the climate continues to change, paying attention to the needs of ocean animals is important. Many are moving farther north, and they need suitable habitats to move through. To address this, we can create crossings through human-built structures or protect habitats along their migration routes. As we continue to engineer the ocean, such efforts could go a long way toward protecting ocean life. 1． How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By detailing research findings. B．By describing a natural scene. C．By addressing public concerns. D．By challenging a common belief. 2． What effect did the structure near the Ashburton River have? A．It provided a new habitat for ocean life. B．It blocked the path of the green sawfish. C．It attracted more new species to the area. D．It drove the green sawfish into deep waters. 3． What does Lear imply about wildlife crossings? A．They have reduced road accidents on land. B．They will replace ocean barriers eventually. C．They have destroyed land animals’ habitats. D．They are urgently needed for ocean animals. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Wildlife Crossings: From Land to Sea B．When Ocean Life Is in Danger C．The Sawfish That Lost Their Way Home D．Ocean Structures: No Harm Done 主题03 人与自我——个人品质；健康管理；健康生活；认知科学；社会心理认知及成长； 健康管理；学业方法 Passage 1 (2026·高三·江苏苏锡常镇市·二模) Picture yourself halfway up a winding trail, lungs burning, legs trembling, the summit still out of sight. You want to stop but you don’t. Something quiet and steady inside keeps you moving. That inner force, psychologists call grit (毅力) — the combination of persistence (坚持) and passion that keeps us going after goals. A new study from researchers at the China University of Geosciences explored what really develops that quality in young adults — routine workouts in the gym or unpredictable adventures in the wild. Over 1,200 university students took part in a 16–18-week course in either traditional physical education or outdoor education. Their grit levels were measured before and after the courses from two aspects: persistence of effort and consistency of interest. The answer, it turns out, lies somewhere between sweat and scenery. Both groups improved, but the difference was striking. Outdoor education produced bigger gains across every measure of grit, especially persistence. Students who spent a term facing real-world challenges became mentally stronger. That sense of mastery — “I can handle this” — builds the same kind of grit linked to lower anxiety, better dealing with stress, and greater life satisfaction. In contrast, traditional PE improved students’ persistence but actually reduced their interest consistency — their ability to stay engaged with long-term goals. Repetitive routines, limited autonomy, and predictable settings may weaken curiosity over time. Outdoor education, however, thrives on uncertainty. Newness doesn’t just keep us entertained; it keeps us engaged. From the perspective of Self-Determination Theory, outdoor programs meet the three psychological needs that fuel motivation: autonomy (you choose how to face challenges), competence (you see progress), and relatedness (you rely on teammates). Together, they create a powerful recipe for inner motivation. This study shows that the environment we learn in shapes not just our bodies but our minds’ ability to persist.In a world of digital distraction (分心) and instant satisfaction, outdoor education reminds us that grit grows through hardship. For anyone seeking for long-term change, the message is simple: step outside. 1．Which one is most beneficial to the development of grit? A．Running on the same school track. B．Swimming in a sports center pool. C．Climbing mountains in a natural park. D．Playing basketball in an indoor stadium. 2．What does the underlined word “thrives” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Focuses. B．Grows. C．Depends. D．Survives. 3．Why is Self-Determination Theory mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To explain outdoor programs’ motivational effect. B．To analyze the physical benefits of newness in life. C．To introduce the popularity of outdoor education. D．To define the key driving factors of motivation. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Grit contributes to the long-term change. B．Outdoor challenges build a tougher mind. C．Natural scenery improves mental health. D．Routine workouts weaken inner motivation. Passage 2 (2026·高三·八省八校T8联考·二模) Adults typically have 206 bones and 350 joints, which are made of bones plus the tissues that hold the bones together: cartilage (软骨), tendons (腱), ligaments (韧带), and nerves. With so many moving parts working hard every day, it’s no wonder that many people experience pain, stiffness (僵硬) or soreness in one or more of these connections. The smallest joint in the body is in the ear, and while it plays a crucial role in hearing, most of us don’t even realize it’s there. The largest joint is the knee. Knees and other large joints like hips, shoulders and elbows are the ones that tend to become painful. We’re often quick to blame joint pain or stiffness on getting older. But it’s not just older folks who experience joint pain. Athletes and just plain everyday active people experience joint pain too. Besides aging, causes include overuse, inflammation (炎症), injury, and genetic or autoimmune conditions. “It’s perfectly normal for people to have occasional aches and pains in their joints,” says Kyle Ruygrok, a physical therapist with Memorial Hermann Sports Medicine &Rehabilitation in Houston. “Most problems in the joints are either from injury or overuse.” And, he adds, many of those problems can be relieved simply by resting the following day to allow for recovery. When pain lasts longer, doctors have a variety of ways to treat it, depending on where and why it occurs and how severe it is. The first recommendations may be supportive tools like canes, braces and splints (夹板) to help reduce strain and prevent falls from achy knees and hips. Smaller aids — for arthritic finger joints, for instance — can include special jar openers, ring splints or voice-to-text software to avoid typing. Your doctor may also recommend anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) or an injection to help relieve pain. Physical therapy is another valuable option for rebuilding strength and mobility, particularly after an injury or arthritis diagnosis. Ruygrok recommends considering it if your joint pain hasn’t improved after four to six weeks. “When these measures no longer provide relief, and joint pain begins to significantly impact your daily activities, that’s when we typically start discussing surgical options,” says Nicolas Noiseux, MD, an orthopedic surgeon at University of Iowa Health Care. 1．What is the function of the first 2 paragraphs? A．To explain how joints are formed. B．To describe the structure of bones in detail. C．To list all the possible treatments for joint inflammation. D．To compare different joints and challenge a common misconception about pain. 2．According to Kyle Ruygrok, when should one consider physical therapy? A．Immediately after the pain starts. B．Only after an injection has failed. C．When surgery is not an available option. D．If the pain hasn’t improved after 4-6 weeks. 3．What can we learn about surgical treatment for joint pain from the text? A．It is the first option doctors will recommend. B．It is mainly used to treat occasional joint aches. C．It is considered when other treatments are ineffective. D．It is only applicable to large joints like knees and hips. 4．What does the text try to convey? A．The knee is the most important joint in the human body. B．Joint pain has diverse causes and a graduated way to treat. C．Daily activities can not significantly influenced by joint pain. D．Surgery is the only effective way to relieve long-time joint pain. Passage 3 (2026·高三·广东江门市·二模) A growing body of research from the past twenty years highlights that strong social relationships are crucial for our long-term physical and mental health. Obviously, chronic (慢性的) loneliness has been linked to a high risk of death. While the exact reasons remain under study, evidence increasingly suggests that our social lives directly influence our biological health. A key challenge has been determining cause and effect. Many studies are observational, meaning they find a link but cannot prove that poor social connections cause poor health. It is possible that existing health issues lead to weaker social ties, or that other factors — like substance abuse — harm both health and relationships at the same time. However, new research strengthens the case that strong social bonds actively protect our health. A recent study, examining over 2,000 middle-aged Americans, investigated a concept called “cumulative (累积的) social advantage (CSA)”. This measure combines four areas: support from communities, quality of parent-child relationships, community involvement, and emotional support from close ones. Researchers compared participants’ CSA scores with their blood samples, using an advanced biological age marker. The results revealed a clear pattern: Individuals with higher social advantage tended to have slower biological aging and lower levels of inflammation (炎症). Essentially, better social connections correlated with a younger biological state. While this study still shows correlation rather than proven causation (因果关系), it points to meaningful biological differences. By focusing on long-term markers like inflammation and cellular aging, it reduces the likelihood that the findings are merely due to lifestyle choices like diet or exercise. It suggests that strong, positive relationships may cause subtle, lasting physiological benefits — such as better immune function and stress regulation — which protect the body over time. Therefore, nurturing friendships and community ties may be just as important for health as regular exercise and balanced nutrition. Prioritizing meaningful social connections is not only good for our happiness but can be a vital investment in our long-term well-being. 1．What can be the relationship between social lives and human health? A．Interactive. B．Short-term. C．One-way. D．Irrelevant. 2．Why does the author mention CSA? A．To offer advice on community involvement. B．To show the negative effects of inflammation. C．To explain how biological aging is measured. D．To present a way to judge social conditions. 3．What do the long-term markers help the study do? A．Rule out lifestyle choices as the only explanation. B．Confirm inflammation as a contributor to aging. C．Prove social relationships ensure better health. D．Suggest diet matters less than social ties. 4．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To make a recommendation. B．To make a call. C．To make a conclusion. D．To make a guess. Passage 4 (2026·高三·安徽芜湖市·二模) Academic achievement is a key indicator of adolescents’ development and future potential. While physical activity is known to benefit physical and mental health, its indirect effects on academic performance are less understood. A recent study set out to explore exactly this connection, thus helping schools design better interventions for students. The study examined over 360 high school students with an average age of 17. Using multiple models, researchers analyzed how physical activity level, exercise duration and types of activity influenced academic performance. Contrary to their expectations, the amount of time students spent exercising showed no significant correlation with their grades. Instead, one specific component stood out as a significant predictor. That component was explosive strength (爆发力), measured through the countermovement (反向运动) jump test. Students who performed better in this jump test tended to achieve higher academic scores. Statistical analysis revealed that jump performance and age significantly affected the academic performance model, with a p-value of 0.14. Together, these factors explained approximately 9.3% of the variation in academic grades. What explains this connection? The researchers suggest that explosive strength may indicate overall neurological health and cognitive function. Developing such fitness requires discipline and goal-setting — skills that are transferred directly to academic pursuits. Moreover, biochemical changes associated with improved fitness, such as enhanced blood flow to the brain, may create better conditions for learning. For high school students facing pressure from exams, even 20 minutes of moderate exercise can serve as a reset button for an overwhelmed mind. This study highlights that improving targeted physical fitness does not distract from academic success, but effectively facilitates it. For students buried in textbooks and papers, this finding offers a scientific basis to take regular short breaks from their desks — not as a way to avoid study responsibilities, but as a practical strategy to promote overall learning efficiency. The most essential implication for senior high school students is that nurturing physical fitness, particularly explosive strength, is not a luxury to be delayed until after exams, but an indispensable part of preparing the mind to meet the toughest academic challenges. 1．What was the unexpected discovery made by the researchers? A．Multiple components predicted grades. B．Physical activity level led to high grades. C．Exercise duration was unrelated to grades. D．Different sports varied in effects on grades. 2．What does the underlined phrase “reset button” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．A button to restart a machine. B．A method to refresh the mind. C．A way to get your mind off study. D．A means to relieve physical stress. 3．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Academic success requires trading exercise for study. B．Taking breaks reflects weak dedication to schoolwork. C．Targeted physical training supports academic efforts. D．Explosive strength alone ensures academic performance. 4．Which of the following is probably the best intervention schools design for students? A．Organizing Tai Chi workshops. B．Doubling daily jogging time. C．Offering distance running training. D．Doing standing long jump practice. Passage 5 (2026·高三·山东淄博市·二模) The “hard problem” of consciousness — how inner sensations relate to measurable brain signals — remains challenging. To address this, neuroscientists are making finer distinctions that might crack the mystery entirely, exploring via the structural method whether we all experience sensations like colour in the same way. Pioneered by researchers like Nao Tsuchiya, it treats consciousness as a network of relationships. In experiments, people compare pairs of colours, sounds, or emotions and rate their similarities. These data are used to create experiential “maps”, often as geometric (几何的) shapes. Through geometric analysis, researchers boiled the data down to a shape. The maps show high consistency across ages and cultures, suggesting a universal perceptual (感知的) structure beneath our varied descriptions. One key finding concerns color. When people compare hues (色调), their judgments reveal a more complex “color space” than the traditional three dimensions of red, green, and blue. Studies suggest we may perceive at least seven dimensions of color. Furthermore, individuals with different color vision produce differently shaped maps, showing that what “red” means is defined by its position within a relational network, which can vary between people. So, people within a group with shared perceptual structures are entitled to say, “My red is the same as your red.” The method also probes unconscious processing. In one experiment, a colored circle flashed too briefly for conscious awareness, yet it still influenced reaction time to a subsequent (随后的) ring. This implies the brain unconsciously compares sensations, though the unconscious comparisons appears disorganized, unlike the orderly structure of conscious experience. These structural studies offer a new way to investigate the so-called “hard problem” of consciousness: why and how physical processes in the brain give rise to subjective feelings. While this research is still evolving, it marks a shift toward a more precise science of consciousness — one that could reshape our understanding of perception, emotion, and what it means to be human. 1． How are the structural method experiments conducted? A．By analyzing descriptions to build perceptual structures. B．By comparing experiential maps across ages and cultures. C．By rating sensory similarities to construct geometric maps. D．By measuring brain signals to match universal relationships. 2． What does the color perception study show? A．Traditional color space is out of date. B．Seven color dimensions are confirmed. C．Color meaning lies in relational position. D．Individuals share identical red experience. 3． What is the purpose of paragraph 4? A．To describe the colored circle experiment. B．To show the exploration of unconsciousness. C．To illustrate the structure of unconsciousness. D．To summarize the key findings of structural studies. 4． What is the text mainly about? A．A new way to study consciousness. B．A hard problem of consciousness. C．The structure of color perception. D．The big challenge of neuroscience. Passage 6 (2026·高三·湖南湘潭市·二模) Understanding a simple-looking sentence like “I read this article yesterday” actually requires complex computation (计算): a subject (“I”) performed an action (“read”) on an object (“article”) at a specific time (“yesterday”). But the human brain routinely does this work nearly instantly based on grammatical rules, says linguist Andrea E. Martin. His team has now found that the brain accommodates grammatical differences across languages by adjusting how it processes each sentence. For a recent study in PLOS Biology, the researchers observed variations in Dutch-speaking participants’ brain waves while they listened to a Dutch audiobook. To visualize these changes, the scientists used a metric (衡量标准) quantifying how many new“predictions” the brain makes of words that could come next. This framework was then tested against three different parsing (句法分析的) strategies that illustrate how the brain builds information over time. Previous English-based studies concluded in favor of a model where listeners “wait and see” how each phrase ends before interpreting it. But the Dutch speakers in Martin’s study leaned strongly toward a predictive model; participants tended to finish each phrase in their head before it was complete. A third model, in which listeners wait for all phrases before interpreting any part, is seldom used in either language. In Dutch, verbs sometimes come near the end of a sentence, explains study author Cas W. Coopmans. For instance, “because I ate a cookie with chocolate” in Dutch would be “because I a cookie with chocolate ate”. Listeners would have to wait long for the verb, so predictive processing becomes more natural. Neither strategy is “better or worse”, Coopmans adds. It is simply suited to the properties of each language. The findings support the need for more diversity in linguistic models, says Jixing Li, a linguist at City University of Hong Kong. If studies are done only in English speakers, crucial differences will be missed. Diversifying research, Martin says, will help capture how the brain understands the structured meaning and social utility of language. 1．What does Martin’s team discover about the brain? A．It interprets words randomly. B．It adapts to grammar rules. C．It favors grammatical changes. D．It ignores sentence structures. 2．What model do Dutch speakers prefer? A．Waiting for full phrases. B．Predicting phrase endings. C．Ignoring verb positions. D．Following English strategies. 3．Why is predictive processing natural for Dutch? A．Its verbs occasionally appear late. B．It has simpler grammatical rules. C．It uses common vocabulary. D．Its sentences are generally longer. 4．What do the findings stress? A．English is the best study language. B．Dutch is much harder to process. C．People ignore social language use. D．Linguistic models need diversity. Passage 7 (2026·高三·江苏南通市·二模) We all experience moments when our thoughts drift away from what we’re doing. Scientists call this "mind wandering". Past research has mostly focused on how our minds wander to memories or future plans. This “cognitive” mind wandering is linked to both creativity and distress (悲伤). However, a new study suggests we also frequently engage in “body wandering” — when spontaneous (自发的) thoughts turn to bodily sensations like our heartbeat or breath. “The effects of this have been largely overlooked,” says neuroscientist Michael Allen. To investigate, Allen’s team had 536 people lie in an MRI scanner. Afterward, they reported what was on their minds. Besides typical daydreams, many reported paying attention to bodily sensations. The MRI scans supported this, showing that “body wandering” had a different form of brain function than cognitive mind wandering. The findings revealed a complex picture. In the moment, people who reported more body wandering during the scan also reported feeling more distress. Study coauthor Leah Banellis notes that the confined (狭窄的) MRI environment might have influenced this. Yet, the broader picture told a different story. Overall, participants who tended to engage in body wandering more often in daily life showed fewer symptoms of depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Both conditions are often associated with excessive traditional mind wandering and poor interoception — the ability to sense one's internal bodily state. “While focusing on the body might feel unpleasant in a stressful moment, a general tendency to tune into bodily signals could have a protective effect over time, ” Banellis explains. It might help ground individuals likely to fall into harmful cycles of negative thinking A key limitation, according to peer reviewer Aaron Kucyi, is that inner thoughts were measured only once. “Mind wandering is dynamic. A single measure might miss its slight differences,” he says. “Despite this, the study is influential for potentially bridging two separate fields of research: interoception and mind wandering.” 1．What aspect of body wandering does the research focus on? A．Its effects. B．Its symptoms. C．Its causes. D．Its variety. 2．What did the MRI scans show about body wandering? A．A distinct brain activity. B．A strong personal preference. C．Greatly enhanced attention. D．Limited technological observation. 3．What did Allen’s team find about body wandering? A．It is artificial and measurable. B．It is time — saving and worthwhile. C．It leads to dangerous thoughts but healthier body. D．It causes short-term negative emotions but long-term benefits. 4．What is Aaron Kucyi’s attitude to the study? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Reserved. D．Unclear. Passage 8 (2026·高三·浙江嘉兴市·二模) At any bus stop or while waiting in line, most people will have their heads down scrolling (滚屏) on their phones. But studies suggest if you resist that urge and let your mind wander instead, there could be some serious benefits. We actually spend nearly half our waking time daydreaming, but it isn’t always pleasant. A study found people even preferred electric shocks to being alone with their thoughts. This explains why we automatically reach for phones during downtime Social psychology professor Erin Westgate compares mindless scrolling to “brain candy” — momentarily pleasurable but lacking in meaning. She adds human achievements largely come from higher-order thinking. So next time you have a few minutes free, put away your phone and let your mind wander. Many people fear boredom, but this fear is often overblown. In a 2022 study, people predicted they would hate 20 minutes alone doing nothing, yet afterward reported greater enjoyment than expected. According to researcher Kou Murayama, the ability to mentally wander — to reflect on past experiences, and consider others’ viewpoints — is a distinctly human capacity that boosts learning and helps understand others. Mind-wandering is also key to problem-solving. People often find solutions better after unfocused thinking than intentional effort alone, especially during routine tasks like driving or showering. Even when people are not actively thinking, their brains remain active in a so-called default mode (默认模式), allowing ideas to connect in new ways. It’s especially helpful for complex problems. Beyond cognitive (认知的) benefits, daydreaming also boosts social and emotional connections. A study found imagining pleasant interactions with loved ones made people feel closer. Social daydreaming allows individuals to practice conversations, reflect on past interactions, and prepare for future social situations. As psychologist Poerio says, our ability to mentally “time travel” helps us better handle the social world. Murayama says he now tries to resist checking his phone during short waits and let his thoughts wander. He finds simply entertaining oneself mentally can be both satisfying and meaningful. 1．Why does Erin Westgate compare mindless scrolling to “brain candy”? A．It does harm to people’s health. B．It helps people to avoid boredom. C．It replaces deep thinking in daily life. D．It brings quick but shallow enjoyment. 2．What is the 2022 study used to demonstrate? A．Phone addiction is avoidable. B．Daydreaming is undervalued. C．Being alone promotes learning. D．Self-reflection defines humans. 3．What does the default mode suggest? A．Unfocused thinking fuels creativity. B．Intentional effort brings new ideas. C．Complex tasks require active minds. D．Routines involve little brain activity. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Maintain Focus in the Digital Age B．Discover the Joy of Being Truly Alone C．Unlock the Power of Your Wandering Mind D．Explore Secret Benefits of Social Daydreaming Passage 9 (2026·高三·江西南昌市·二模) You enter the kitchen to grab something off the counter, only to find halfway there that the thought has suddenly disappeared. Backtracking to the living room brings it rushing back. Your brain isn’t broken. In fact, you’ve just experienced what psychologists call the doorway effect, a common and well-documented cognitive hiccup (认知偏差). Gabriel Radvansky, a psychology professor at the University of Notre Dame, who has spent years investigating how physical movement affects memory, uncovers the underlying mechanism: the brain organizes experience into separate episodes called event models. Each room, each distinct context represents a separate episode with doorways serving as “event boundaries” that signal transitions between episodes. When you cross a doorway, the brain files the previous episode of activity away and begins building a new one. As a result, the intention you formed in the original room becomes buried under newly activated contextual information. In controlled experiments, Radvansky found that participants were two to three times more likely to forget their intended task after crossing a doorway than after travelling the same distance within a single room. “Recalling the decision or activity made in a different room is difficult because it has been filed and covered up,” he explained. “Retracing your steps works because it reinstates the original episode and brings back the buried intention to the surface.” Jeffrey Zacks, a psychologist at Washington University has described the significance of Radvansky’s work precisely. Scientists once believed time was the primary factor in memory access and later research showed it was the amount of new information arriving over time, he noted. The doorway studies added a third dimension, the structure of experience itself, adjusting access to the immediately relevant memories accordingly. For everyday purposes, forming a clear, specific intention before crossing a doorway rather than relying on surrounding memory, reduces the chance of losing it at the boundary. Writing it down achieves the same effect as it moves the intention into an external record that location-updating process can’t touch. And recognize that walking into a room and forgetting why, which becomes more frequent under stress, tiredness or high cognitive load, is a normal feature of how your brain manages episodic transitions, a trade-off between efficiency and immediate access, not a malfunction. 1．What do we know about event models from the passage? A．They cause memory disorder. B．They mix different life experiences. C．They are erased by doorways. D．They are linked to specific contexts. 2．What does the underlined word “reinstates” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Restores. B．Replaces. C．Reconstructs. D．Restricts 3．What is the significance of Radvansky’s studies according to Zacks? A．Confirming the role of information. B．Offering new memory perspectives. C．Revolutionizing memory loss research. D．Correcting traditional memory views. 4．What is recommended to prevent the doorway effect? A．Avoiding the event boundaries. B．Reducing the multitask chances. C．Externalizing the specific intention. D．Embracing the declining memory. Passage 10 (2026·高三·江苏徐州市·二模) For people with abnormal blood glucose and potential diabetes susceptible groups, long-term daily blood glucose monitoring is essential, yet traditional invasive detection has long troubled them. Frequent finger pricking brings lasting stinging pain and minor skin infection risks, lowering long-term monitoring compliance, especially for the elderly and teens with weak tolerance. Breaking these pain points, a new plant-based noninvasive monitoring patch (无创监测贴) becomes a disruptive innovation in household medical supplies, abandoning needle blood collection entirely and bringing a new experience for daily blood glucose tracking. The patch’s core is a specially developed polysaccharide biomembrane (多糖生物膜), extracted from natural medicinal plant fibers and seaweed polysaccharides without skin-irritating chemical additives. With excellent skin affinity and biocompatibility, it causes no redness, itching, allergies or epidermal damage even for 24-hour continuous wearing. Attached tightly to wrist skin, it penetrates the superficial cuticle to capture subtle changes in interstitial fluid (组织间液) closely linked to blood glucose, turning weak biological signals into stable blood glucose parameters without harming body tissues. In the first quarter of 2026, the patch officially obtained national Class II medical device certification and passed strict clinical verification. Clinical data shows its detection accuracy reaches 95%, highly consistent with results of traditional venous blood test (静脉血检测), far exceeding ordinary household health care products. Medical researchers note this certification turns the patch from a simple care product into a professional home medical device, filling the gap of painless, high-precision home blood glucose monitoring for non-hospital groups. As a disposable product, the patch is hygienic and convenient, needing no repeated cleaning or professional calibration before use. Users only need to clean wrist skin and paste it evenly, then it stably collects real-time blood glucose data all day, adapting to office work, outdoor sports and rest. Unlike bulky, complex hospital detectors needing professional operation, this ultra-thin portable patch is easy to carry, realizing all-weather unattended health monitoring. This plant-based patch marks a breakthrough in home medical technology, representing the future trend of chronic disease prevention and home-based care. It lowers the threshold of professional health monitoring for ordinary families, turning complex medical detection into a simple daily operation and offering a reliable way for early warning of blood glucose-related risks. With optimized plant extraction technology, such mild medical devices will cover more chronic health management fields and benefit more people in need. 1．What is the core goal of developing the plant-based patch? A．Reducing the cost of blood tests. B．Speeding up blood glucose detection. C．Expanding the use of plant extracts. D．Easing the pain of glucose monitoring. 2．Why is polysaccharide biomembrane chosen as the core material? A．To ensure skin safety for long-term wear. B．To speed up signal conversion efficiency. C．To increase the patch’s service life. D．To reduce the production cost of patches. 3．What benefit does the patch bring to users compared with hospital detectors? A．It requires more professional operation. B．It offers higher detection accuracy overall. C．It can replace regular venous blood tests. D．It enables more convenient daily monitoring. 4．What will the author most likely talk about next? A．The history of invasive blood glucose tests. B．The side effects of long-term patch use. C．The application of the patch in more fields. D．The challenges of plant extraction technology. Passage 11 (2026·高三·广东揭阳市·二模) Can music help you concentrate at work? Researchers from the University of Wales Institute in Cardiff conducted a new study, and it has some interesting results. The research examined the ability of 25 people, aged 18 to 30, to remember information while listening to various sounds. In one task they had to remember a list of eight consonant (辅音) letters, which were dictated to them. Participants in the study were tested under three different conditions: in a quiet environment, while listening to music they liked, and while listening to music they didn’t like. The participants generally did better when they were working in silence. The background music seemed to make memorization and recall more difficult. However, scientists also found that listening to music before doing the tests seemed to help concentration. “Despite describing their self-selected music as more pleasant, their performance was poor, just as it was when they listened to music they disliked,” explained one of the researchers. So, even if you’re listening to music you like, it’ll still interfere with your work. This would appear to contradict the findings of scientists who have researched what is popularly known as the “Mozart Effect”. This concept was invented by French scientist Dr. Alfred A．Tomatis in 1991. Tomatis published a book, Why Mozart?, which described what he believed were the healing powers of listening to Mozart’s music. He also suggested that Mozart’s music could aid brain development. Later studies indicated it might enhance children’s spatial intelligence, leading to a widespread belief that classical music could boost a child’s IQ. The governor of the state of Georgia even once advocated allocating over $ 100,000 annually to supply classical CDs to every newborn in the state. Another study seemed to further contradict the idea that music could help with concentration. The researchers found that surveyed university students mostly preferred studying in silence. Those listening to music preferred instrumental songs, saying that lyrics are distracting. So, if you’re studying for an exam, turn off your music! 1． What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To prove that Mozart’s music boosts IQ. B．To recommend the best music for studying. C．To compare different$ 专题03 说明文阅读 主题01 人与社会——社会交往；社会心理；文化历史；消费趋势；城市治理；社会公益； 医疗健康；大脑科学；国际考古；药物研发；城市更新 Passage 1 (2026·高三·河北邢台市·二模) Shared tables, a trend enjoying popularity in the 1980s, offer a different social way to digital natives in the West. Where diners once were unwilling to sit with strangers, Gen Z, individuals born between 1997 and 2012, are pulling their chairs a little closer. According to new data, 90% of Gen Z diners say they enjoy communal (共享的) tables, compared to just 60% of boomers, people born during a period when many babies were born, highlighting a generational revival (复兴) of dining together. Communal dining has long divided the room — in more than one way. For example, a report from the online reservation service company Resy found 63% of respondents feel that communal tables are great for meeting new people, with half saying they’ve had interesting conversations with someone they otherwise wouldn’t have spoken to while dining with strangers. Meanwhile, the format has been a joke in an American comedy, where characters put up with awkward small talk over shared seating. Michael Della Penna, chief strategy officer at the digital advertising research firm InMarket, said that, for members of a notably anxious generation, the communal environment can be comforting, “because you don’t have to be the focus or the initiator of the group conversation.” It’s especially comforting for those who may feel like they don’t have the social skills. “It’s a safe step towards connecting and being social where you don’t have the heavy weight of carrying the entire conversation,” Della Penna said. “Communal dining has a history of thousands of years, but its popularity has been unstable, with waves of enthusiasm following periods of little interaction,” said Donnie Madia, a Chicago-based restaurateur.“Back in 2008, after the financial crisis, which forced people to reduce engagement with others, people wanted to be together, and to be in smaller spaces; once they started to come back to the restaurants, they wanted that festive feeling of dining together.” Gen Z grew up online, but they’re intentionally seeking real-world connections, and restaurants have become that gathering space again. For them, sharing a table isn’t just practical seating. 1．What phenomenon is stressed in paragraph 1? A．Digital natives lack connections. B．The shared dining trend is back. C．Shared tables change social ways. D．Gen Z have similar eating habits. 2．What do the examples show about communal dining in paragraph 2? A．It leads to disagreement. B．It brings unexpected results. C．It is often misunderstood. D．It is more and more popular. 3．Why might communal dining appeal to anxious people? A．It provides many topics to discuss. B．It allows them to improve social skills. C．It enables them to be the talk’s focus. D．It offers a less pressured way to socialize. 4．What do Donnie Madia’s words imply? A．Communal dining caught on after 2008. B．Social disconnection boosts communal dining. C．Crises discourage people from exploring. D．Restaurants need to create the festive feeling. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】主要介绍共享餐桌潮流再度复兴，对比不同代际态度，分析其受年轻人欢迎的原因及历史兴衰变化。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Shared tables, a trend enjoying popularity in the 1980s, offer a different social way to digital natives in the West. Where diners once were unwilling to sit with strangers, Gen Z, individuals born between 1997 and 2012, are pulling their chairs a little closer.(共享餐桌是上世纪80年代流行的一种潮流，为西方数字原生代提供了一种不同的社交方式。以往就餐者不愿和陌生人同坐，而1997至2012年出生的Z世代却愿意拉近座位距离。)”可知，第一段着重强调共享用餐的潮流再度回归。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Communal dining has long divided the room — in more than one way. For example, a report from the online reservation service company Resy found 63% of respondents feel that communal tables are great for meeting new people, with half saying they’ve had interesting conversations with someone they otherwise wouldn’t have spoken to while dining with strangers. Meanwhile, the format has been a joke in an American comedy, where characters put up with awkward small talk over shared seating.(长期以来，共享就餐在多方面都引发了人们的意见分歧。在线预订公司Resy的报告显示63%受访者认为共享餐桌利于结识新人，半数人曾与陌生就餐者进行愉快交谈；而美国喜剧却将这种形式当作笑料，刻画人们忍受共享座位下尴尬闲聊的场景。)”可知，这些事例体现出人们对共享就餐持有不同看法、存在意见分歧。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Michael Della Penna, chief strategy officer at the digital advertising research firm InMarket, said that, for members of a notably anxious generation, the communal environment can be comforting, “because you don’t have to be the focus or the initiator of the group conversation.” It’s especially comforting for those who may feel like they don’t have the social skills. “It’s a safe step towards connecting and being social where you don’t have the heavy weight of carrying the entire conversation,” Della Penna said.(数字广告研究公司InMarket的首席战略官迈克尔·德拉·彭纳表示，对于格外容易焦虑的一代人而言，共享就餐环境能让人感到安心，因为不必成为群体谈话的焦点或话题发起者。对于缺乏社交技巧的人来说这尤为友好，这是一种稳妥的社交方式，无需背负主导整场谈话的巨大压力。)”可知，共享就餐为性格焦虑的人提供了压力更小、更轻松的社交方式。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Communal dining has a history of thousands of years, but its popularity has been unstable, with waves of enthusiasm following periods of little interaction,” said Donnie Madia, a Chicago-based restaurateur.“Back in 2008, after the financial crisis, which forced people to reduce engagement with others, people wanted to be together, and to be in smaller spaces.(芝加哥餐厅经营者唐尼·马迪亚称，共享就餐已有数千年历史，流行程度起伏不定，人际交往冷淡过后便会迎来热潮。2008年金融危机迫使人们减少线下交往后，人们反而渴望相聚共处，愿意待在狭小的空间里。)”可知，人际疏离、社交减少的状况，反而会推动共享就餐方式的兴起。 Passage 2 (2026·高三·浙江绍兴市·二模) Middle age has become a critical breaking point in the US. Those born in the 1960s and early 1970s report higher level of loneliness and depression, along with declining memory and physical strength — an unusual trend when compared with other wealthy nations, where midlife health and well-being have improved, especially inNordic Europe. To figure out the root cause, Arizona State University psychologist Frank J. Infurna and his colleagues analyzed survey data from 17 countries. They concluded that America’s real midlife crisis stems from balancing work, finances, family and health amid weakening social supports, rather than personal lifestyle choices. Their findings, published in Current Directions in Psychological Science, point to multiple contributing factors and offer directions for change. Family policy differences mark a key gap between the US and Europe. European countries have increased family welfare expenditure (支出) since the early 2000s, while US spending has stayed largely unchanged, lacking cash transfers, parental leave support and funded childcare. This leaves US middle-aged adults, who balance work, child-raising and elder care, facing steadily rising loneliness across generations. Healthcare affordability and income inequality worsen the situation. The US spends the most on healthcare globally, yet individuals face limited access and high out-of-pocket costs, leading to stress, anxiety and medical debt. Income inequality has also grown in the US, unlike in Europe, and is linked to poorer health and greater loneliness, as it restricts education, employment and social service access. Cultural patterns and weak social safety nets also contribute to the issue. Americans move frequently and live far from extended families, weakening social ties. Later US generations also face financial insecurity, while Europe’s stronger safety nets protect its middle-aged population. Notably, education is losing its protective power: despite higher educational attainment, US middle-aged adults show episodic memory decline, weakened by ongoing stress and health risks. The researchers stress these outcomes are not unavoidable. Personal social engagement can lessen stress, but individual efforts are insufficient — strong policy-backed safety nets are essential to reverse the troubling midlife health trends in the US. 1．What led to America’s midlife crisis according to Infurna’s research? A．Close living space but loose social bonds. B．Heavy life pressures but weak social supports. C．Insufficient education and unfair work opportunities. D．Unhealthy lifestyle and limited access to medical care. 2．What is a major difference in family policies between the US and Europe? A．Europe has cared less about social ties. B．The US has adjusted cash transfer policies. C．The US has broadened parental leave support. D．Europe has increased family benefits spending. 3．What conclusion can be drawn about US healthcare from the text? A．People lack accessible and affordable care. B．It lays emphasis on people’s mental health. C．The government cuts down healthcare spending. D．Medical debt is people’s biggest financial burden. 4．What is the key to the solution of US midlife crisis? A．Individual social involvement. B．Experts’ long-term professional guidance. C．Gradual transformation of cultural patterns. D．Strong government-supported social protections. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。美国中年人孤独抑郁、健康下滑，研究发现源于生活压力大且社会支持弱，与欧洲福利政策差距明显，需政策完善社会保障。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“They concluded that America’s real midlife crisis stems from balancing work, finances, family and health amid weakening social supports, rather than personal lifestyle choices.(他们得出结论称，美国真正的中年危机并非源于个人的生活方式选择，而是由于在社会支持不断减弱的情况下，人们需要平衡工作、财务、家庭和健康等方面的关系)”可知，根据英弗纳的研究，导致美国出现“中年危机”的原因是重大的生活压力但缺乏有效的社会支持。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“European countries have increased family welfare expenditure (支出) since the early 2000s, while US spending has stayed largely unchanged, lacking cash transfers, parental leave support and funded childcare.(自21世纪初以来，欧洲各国大幅增加了家庭福利支出，而美国的此类支出则基本保持不变，缺乏现金补助、父母假政策支持以及有资金保障的儿童保育服务)”可知，美国和欧洲在家庭政策方面的主要区别是欧洲增加了对家庭的补贴支出。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“The US spends the most on healthcare globally, yet individuals face limited access and high out-of-pocket costs, leading to stress, anxiety and medical debt.(美国在全球范围内在医疗保健方面的投入最多，但个人却面临着有限的就医渠道和高昂的自付费用，这导致了压力、焦虑以及医疗债务等问题的产生)”可知，人们难以获得便捷且价格合理的医疗服务。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Personal social engagement can lessen stress, but individual efforts are insufficient — strong policy-backed safety nets are essential to reverse the troubling midlife health trends in the US.(个人的社交活动能够减轻压力，但单靠个人努力是不够的——强有力的、有政策支持的保障体系对于扭转美国中年时期令人担忧的健康状况趋势至关重要)”可知，解决美国中年危机的关键是强大的政府支持下的社会保障体系。故选D。 Passage 3 (2026·高三·安徽滁州市·二模) Researchers at the University of Padua in Italy have traced the origins of one of Venice’s most long-lasting signs: the bronze winged lion that stands on the top of a column in St Mark’s Square. Long believed to be a Venetian creation, the sculpture is determined to come from the Yangzi River basin in China. The lion systematically reflects Chinese artistic traditions. For example, the position of its paws matches that of ancient Chinese lion guardians, originally fierce protectors of tombs. Researchers propose that Marco Polo may have acquired the sculpture, a gift from the Yuan Dynasty emperor, and later brought it back to Venice. A Chinese burial guardian thus became a silent witness to the vast cultural exchanges. In China, the lion holds an important symbolic role even though the animals have never lived there in the wild. From palaces to the gates of private homes and even modern banks, pairs of stone lions still stand guard. Real lions began arriving in China via the Silk Road, sent as foreign offerings from Central Asian states to emperors of the Han Dynasty. By the Tang Dynasty, lions were already features of the cultural imagination. Over the centuries, their style evolved: Tang figures often walk energetically, Song examples soften into playful scenes, while later lions sit low in calm dignity. large and completely still. The lion’s influence also extended into popular culture. The lion dance combined martial arts, acrobatics (杂技) and drama into a brilliant performance. Performed at public celebrations, the dance represented strength, luck and the driving away of evil spirits. Today, it remains a beloved festive event across China and throughout overseas Chinese communities. From foreign gift animal to sacred guardian, from sculpted icon to dynamic performer, the lion in China reflects a unique blend of folk inspiration and artistic imagination. In Italy, the bronze lion still gazes over Venice, standing as a reminder of the global networks linking East Asia and Europe long before the modern age, and of how symbols travel, transform and last across civilizations. 1．What is the researchers’ discovery about the bronze lion? A．It originated in China. B．It was made by Venetians. C．It stood as Venice’s symbol. D．It was bought by Marco Polo. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Lions’ origin and traditional role. B．Lions’ images and historic significance. C．Lions’ spread and cultural influence. D．Lions’ introduction and stylistic evolution. 3．What is the lion dance viewed as today? A．A memorial ceremony. B．A form of martial arts training. C．A traditional celebration. D．An intercultural collaboration. 4．What can we learn from the bronze lion’s existence in Italy? A．Venice served as an ancient trade center. B．The bronze lion symbolized Venice’s history. C．Ancient China exported lion statues widely. D．Cultural exchanges existed earlier than assumed. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍威尼斯圣马可广场的青铜飞狮经研究被确定源自中国长江流域，同时讲述狮子在中国的传入、演变及文化意义，见证古代东西方的文化交流。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Researchers at the University of Padua in Italy have traced the origins of one of Venice’s most long-lasting signs: the bronze winged lion that stands on the top of a column in St Mark’s Square. Long believed to be a Venetian creation, the sculpture is determined to come from the Yangzi River basin in China.(意大利帕多瓦大学的研究人员追溯了威尼斯最具持久性的标志之一——矗立在圣马可广场一根柱子顶端的青铜飞狮的起源。这座雕塑长期被认为是威尼斯人的作品，如今被确定来自中国长江流域。)”可知，研究人员通过研究追溯了青铜飞狮的起源，打破了其是威尼斯人创作的传统认知，明确其起源地是中国长江流域，因此研究人员关于青铜狮子的发现是它起源于中国。故选A项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Real lions began arriving in China via the Silk Road, sent as foreign offerings from Central Asian states to emperors of the Han Dynasty. By the Tang Dynasty, lions were already features of the cultural imagination. Over the centuries, their style evolved: Tang figures often walk energetically, Song examples soften into playful scenes, while later lions sit low in calm dignity, large and completely still.(真狮子开始经丝绸之路传入中国，是中亚各国作为贡品送给汉朝皇帝的。到了唐代，狮子已经成为文化意象的一部分。几个世纪以来，它们的风格不断演变：唐代的狮子形象通常姿态矫健、充满活力，宋代的狮子形象变得柔和，呈现出嬉戏的场景，而后来的狮子则低坐着，神情沉静庄重，体型庞大且纹丝不动。)”可知，第四段先明确了狮子传入中国的途径和背景，随后按照时间顺序详细介绍了狮子形象风格的演变过程，因此该段主要讲述的是狮子的传入及其风格演变。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The lion dance combined martial arts, acrobatics (杂技) and drama into a brilliant performance. Performed at public celebrations, the dance represented strength, luck and the driving away of evil spirits. Today, it remains a beloved festive event across China and throughout overseas Chinese communities. (舞狮将武术、杂技和戏剧融合成一场精彩的表演。它在公共庆典上表演，象征着力量、好运和驱邪。如今，它在中国各地及海外华人社区仍是深受喜爱的节庆活动。)”可知，舞狮原本是在公共庆典上表演、具有特定象征意义的活动，如今依然是中国及海外华人社区深受喜爱的节庆活动，因此如今舞狮被看作一种传统庆祝活动。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“In Italy, the bronze lion still gazes over Venice, standing as a reminder of the global networks linking East Asia and Europe long before the modern age, and of how symbols travel, transform and last across civilizations.(在意大利，这尊青铜狮子依然凝视着威尼斯，它提醒着人们，早在现代社会之前，连接东亚与欧洲的全球交流网络就已存在，也提醒着人们，象征物如何跨越文明传播、演变并延续下去。)”可知，这尊源自中国的青铜狮子出现在意大利威尼斯，证明了早在现代社会之前，东亚和欧洲之间就已经存在连接彼此的交流网络，也就意味着东西方的文化交流比人们原本假设的时间更早，因此从这尊青铜狮子在意大利的存在，我们可以得知文化交流的存在早于人们的设想。故选D项。 Passage 4 (2026·高三·江西新余市·二模) Zach Klempf, a software company executive from San Francisco, never felt like he had enough time to visit the places on his bucket list, such as the Egyptian pyramids. But after experimenting with what have become known as “microvacations,” or “microcations” — quick trips, often to far-flung destinations—Mr. Klempf pulled off his most ambitious vacation yet. After a Thursday board meeting in New York, the 34-year-old flew to Athens for eight hours to tour the Parthenon, then to Egypt to visit the pyramids and Grand Egyptian Museum —all before returning to San Francisco by Sunday dinner. Most expenses were paid with credit card points. Mr. Klempf is among the growing number of travelers, short on vacation time or looking to save money, who are embarking on tight-scheduled trips that take advantage of time zones and credit card points to string together one-to-three-day trips. The trend has been spurred by social media posts from microvacationers, who either stretch limited paid time off, use loyalty points for quick trips, or seek the challenge. A TikToker named Kylah, for example, shares weekend trips from eastern U.S. to destinations like Iceland and Tokyo. According to the travel platform Tripadvisor, the average length of a trip taken by an American traveler in 2025 was three days. Laurel Greatrix, the chief communications officer for Tripadvisor Group, suggests microvacationers aim to anchor their trips to a single experience. Don’t cover too much ground in the limited time you have, she said, and don’t overplan. Klempf finds inspiration on social media and plans tours via platforms like Viator, aiming to continue such trips this year. “Every board meeting I do, I’m going to do this again.” he said. 1．What does the phrase “pulled off” probably mean in paragraph 1? A．Planned in great detail. B．Made it despite difficulty. C．Avoided it due to high cost. D．Gave up after careful thought. 2．What allowed Mr. Klempf to afford his microvacation? A．His high salary as a software executive. B．Holiday discounts for business travelers. C．Credit card points covering most expenses. D．Sponsorship from travel platforms like Viator. 3．Which feature is typical of microvacations according to the text? A．Trips usually lasting over 3 days. B．Focus on multiple tourist attractions. C．Dependence on luxury transportation. D．Use of time zones and loyalty points. 4．Why does the author mention TikToker Kylah? A．To explain how to plan a low-cost trip. B．To introduce a popular travel influencer. C．To compare different microvacation destinations. D．To show how social media inspires microvacations. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以扎克・克勒普夫的短途极速旅行为例，介绍了当下流行的“微度假”趋势，说明了其特点、兴起原因以及相关建议。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Zach Klempf, a software company executive from San Francisco, never felt like he had enough time to visit the places on his bucket list, such as the Egyptian pyramids.( 扎克·克莱普夫是来自旧金山的一位软件公司高管，他一直觉得自己的时间不够用，无法去实现自己的愿望清单上的那些地方，比如埃及的金字塔。)”以及划线短语句中“But after experimenting with what have become known as “microvacations,” or “microcations” — quick trips, often to far-flung destinations—Mr. Klempf…his most ambitious vacation yet. (但在尝试了所谓的“微度假”（即“微旅行”）——通常是前往遥远目的地的短途旅行之后，克莱普夫先生……自己迄今为止最雄心勃勃的一次旅行。)”由此可知，克莱普夫先生完成了自己迄今为止最雄心勃勃的一次旅行。故可猜测划线短语pulled off为“成功完成”的意思，和B选项Made it despite difficulty.“尽管困难重重仍成功完成”意思相近。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Most expenses were paid with credit card points.( 大部分费用都是用信用卡积分支付的。)”可知，他这次微度假的大部分开销都用信用卡积分支付，因此得以负担此次旅行。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Mr. Klempf is among the growing number of travelers, short on vacation time or looking to save money, who are embarking on tight-scheduled trips that take advantage of time zones and credit card points to string together one-to-three-day trips.( 克莱普夫先生是越来越多缺乏度假时间或希望节省开支的旅行者中的一员，他们正踏上时间安排紧凑的旅行，利用时区和信用卡积分来拼凑起一到三天的行程。)”可知，微度假的典型特点是利用时区和积分，行程为1至3天。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The trend has been spurred by social media posts from microvacationers, who either stretch limited paid time off, use loyalty points for quick trips, or seek the challenge.( 这一趋势是由微度假者在社交媒体上的帖子所推动的，这些微度假者要么利用有限的带薪假期，要么使用忠诚度积分进行快速旅行，或者只是为了挑战自己。)” 紧接着就举了 TikTok 博主Kylah分享跨国周末旅行的例子，由此可知，作者举 Kylah 的例子是为了说明社交媒体如何助推这一潮流。故选D项。 Passage 5 (2026·高三·江西上饶市·二模) Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping urban traffic management in ways that were unimaginable a decade ago. As cities struggle with worsening heavy traffic jams, rising carbon emissions, and the need for safer roads, AI-powered systems are emerging as game-changers. Unlike traditional traffic control methods that rely on fixed timers, AI systems analyses real-time data from cameras, sensors, and even smartphone apps to adjust traffic signals dynamically. In Singapore, the AI traffic management system developed by the Land Transport Authority has reduced travel times by 15% in downtown areas since its launch in 2024. The system processes data from over 5,000 traffic sensors and 2,000 cameras, predicting traffic flows up to 30 minutes in advance. When a major accident occurs, it automatically adjusts signals in nearby areas to guide traffic, minimizing backups. Similarly, in Seoul, AI has helped cut traffic jams by 22% on key highways, as the system adjusts the speed of traffic lights based on the number of vehicles in each lane. Critics believe that AI systems are too expensive to implement and maintain, especially for smaller cities. However, supporters point out that the long-term benefits — such as reduced fuel consumption and fewer accidents — outweigh the initial costs. A study by the International Transport Forum found that AI traffic management could reduce urban carbon emissions by 12% globally by 2030. Moreover, as AI technology advances, the cost of implementation is expected to drop significantly. Another advantage of AI is its ability to adapt to changing conditions. During peak hours, school drop-offs, or special events, the system can quickly adjust its algorithms (算法) to meet the demand. This flexibility is particularly valuable in cities with complex traffic patterns. As more cities adopt AI-powered traffic solutions, the potential for creating smarter, greener, and more efficient urban environments becomes increasingly evident. 1．What makes AI traffic systems different from traditional ones ? A．Improved vehicle control. B．Flexible traffic signal system. C．Advanced traffic timers and cameras. D．Smart city planning and management. 2．What do Seoul and Singapore’s AI traffic systems have in common? A．Limits on vehicle speed. B．Reliance on current traffic conditions. C．Automatic accident-responsive adjustment. D．Partnership with the same software company. 3．What’s the function of paragraph 3? A．To strengthen the argument. B．To put forward an argument. C．To indicate the possible challenges. D．To give practical application. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward the future of AI traffic systems? A．Unclear. B．Cautious. C．Approving. D．Dismissive. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍人工智能动态调控城市交通，缓解拥堵、低碳安全，虽前期成本高但前景广阔，助力智慧城市建设。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Unlike traditional traffic control methods that rely on fixed timers, AI systems analyse real-time data from cameras, sensors, and even smartphone apps to adjust traffic signals dynamically. (与依赖固定计时器的传统交通控制方法不同，人工智能系统会分析来自摄像头、传感器以及甚至智能手机应用程序的实时数据，从而动态地调整交通信号灯的运行状态。)”可知，二者区别在于灵活可变的交通信号系统。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The system processes data from over 5,000 traffic sensors and 2,000 cameras, predicting traffic flows up to 30 minutes in advance. (该系统处理五千多个交通传感器和两千个摄像头的数据，可提前三十分钟预测车流量。)”以及“Similarly, in Seoul, AI has helped cut traffic jams by 22% on key highways, as the system adjusts the speed of traffic lights based on the number of vehicles in each lane. (同样，在首尔，人工智能已帮助主要干道的交通拥堵状况缓解了22%，因为该系统会根据每条车道的车辆数量来调节红绿灯时长。)”中新加坡系统可预测车流、首尔系统根据车道车辆数量调整灯时可知，两地的智能交通系统共同点为依据实时路况进行调控。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Critics believe that AI systems are too expensive to implement and maintain, especially for smaller cities. However, supporters point out that the long-term benefits - such as reduced fuel consumption and fewer accidents — outweigh the initial costs. A study by the International Transport Forum found that AI traffic management could reduce urban carbon emissions by 12% globally by 2030. Moreover, as AI technology advances, the cost of implementation is expected to drop significantly. (批评人士认为，人工智能系统的投入与维护成本过高，小城市尤其难以承担。然而支持者指出，人工智能带来的长期益处 —— 例如燃料消耗减少、交通事故变少 —— 远超前期投入成本。国际交通论坛的一项研究显示，到 2030 年，全球范围内人工智能交通管理系统有望将城市碳排放量降低12%。此外，随着人工智能技术不断发展，其应用成本预计将会大幅下降。)”可知，本段先提出反对观点，再反驳并补充优势，进一步支撑全文论点。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As more cities adopt AI-powered traffic solutions, the potential for creating smarter, greener, and more efficient urban environments becomes increasingly evident. (随着更多城市采用智能交通方案，打造更智能、环保、高效的城市环境的前景愈发明朗。)” 可知，作者对人工智能交通系统的未来持赞同乐观的态度。故选C项。 Passage 6 (2026·高三·湖北襄阳市·二模) Currently, most packaging is single-use and is made with plastic materials obtained from nonrenewable resources like fossil oil that take hundreds of years to break down in the environment. On top of this, only 9% of plastic is recycled. This has resulted in the formation of floating piles of plastic garbage in the ocean, called “the Great Pacific Garbage Patch”. Perhaps the biggest contributor to plastic waste, at least in the United States, is plastic bags, the kind found at most stores. These bags, while sometimes recycled, are often only used once and can be found littered throughout the environment. To address this problem, Srinivas Janaswamy from South Dakota State University is working towards developing a plastic-like bag that will break down in the environment. The key ingredient of Janaswamy’s work? Cellulose (纤维素) . It’s a common organic substance on Earth and is found, primarily, in the cell walls of plants. Cellulose gives plants structural strength and firmness thanks to its chemical makeup and long, chain-like form. “By obtaining cellulose from agricultural products, value-added products can be created,” Janaswamy said. Janaswamy then met Anne Fennell, a leading researcher in the study of grapevines (葡萄藤) which are rich in cellulose. Every year, after the majority of new branches on the vine are cut off, they are either cut into pieces and buried in the soil or burned in some areas. “Since grapevines are plentiful and have insignificant use after harvest, why not use this for value-added films (薄膜) ?” Janaswamy thought. Janaswamy’s idea led to cooperation, and soon he was getting cellulose which looks almost like cotton — from grapevines. Janaswamy’s grapevine films are transparent (透明的) and strong, and break down within 17 days in the soil — leaving behind no harmful remains. “High transparency enhances product visibility and allows a quick check of the quality without even opening the package. These films demonstrate excellent promise for food packaging, ” Fennell said. 1．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning “the Great Pacific Garbage Patch” in Paragraph 1? A．The severe plastic pollution. B．The limits of recycling technology. C．The improper shopping habits. D．The promise of renewable resources. 2．Why is cellulose essential to Janaswamy’s plastic-like bags? A．It can be found everywhere. B．It can be recycled from food waste. C．It helps form strong structures. D．It breaks down into usable materials. 3．What advantage of the grapevine films does Fennell highlight in the last paragraph? A．Their low expenses. B．Their user-friendliness. C．Their easy production. D．Their energy-efficiency. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? A．The Plastic Pollution in the Pacific Ocean B．The Treatment of Grapevines After Harvest C．Cellulose: A Vital Organic Substance in Plant D．Grapevine Films: Eco-Friendly Plastic Alternative 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文介绍塑料包装污染严重的现状，科研人员利用葡萄藤中的纤维素研发可降解环保包装薄膜。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“This has resulted in the formation of floating piles of plastic garbage in the ocean, called “the Great Pacific Garbage Patch”.(这导致海洋中形成了漂浮的塑料垃圾堆，被称为“太平洋垃圾带”)”可知，作者提到太平洋垃圾带，是为了说明塑料污染问题十分严重。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Cellulose gives plants structural strength and firmness thanks to its chemical makeup and long, chain-like form.(纤维素因其化学结构和长链形态，能够为植物提供结构强度和硬度)”可知，纤维素能够形成坚固结构，是制作仿塑料包装袋的关键材料。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“High transparency enhances product visibility and allows a quick check of the quality without even opening the package.(高透明度提升产品可视度，不用打开包装就能快速检查物品质量)”可知，Fennell突出强调的是其高透明度带来的方便——不用打开包装就能快速检查食品质量，即对使用者非常友好。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，首段提出塑料污染问题，接着介绍利用纤维素，特别是葡萄藤中的纤维素，制成可降解的“薄膜/塑料袋”，最后强调这种葡萄藤薄膜透明、结实且可在土壤中快速降解，适合做食品包装。文章重点在于介绍一种以葡萄藤纤维素为原料的环保型塑料替代品。D项“葡萄藤薄膜：环保型塑料替代品”能概括文章主旨，适合作标题。 Passage 7 (2026·高三·湖北黄石市·二模) Research led by King’s College London offers convincing evidence that viewing original artwork in a gallery does more than uplift the spirit — it measurably improves physical health. The study demonstrates that this activity can significantly reduce stress and may even strengthen the immune system. To investigate the physiological effects of looking at art, researchers designed an experiment involving 50 UK volunteers aged 18-40. Participants were divided into two matched groups based on age, gender, and baseline stress levels. One group visited the Courtauld Gallery to view original paintings by renowned artists such as Van Gogh and Gauguin, while the other observed high-quality digital reproductions of the same artworks in a neutral laboratory setting. Throughout the 20-minute session, each participant wore research-grade digital watches that continuously monitored heart rate variability and skin temperature — key indicators of autonomic nervous system activity. Saliva (唾液) samples were collected immediately before and after the viewing period to measure biochemical changes. These samples were later analyzed for levels of cortisol, a hormone linked to stress, which is associated with inflammation (炎症) and chronic diseases. Remarkably, researchers found that for those viewing original art, levels of the stress hormone dropped by 22%, whereas the control group levels fell by just 8%. Meanwhile, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), which are linked to stress and a number of chronic diseases, dropped by 30% and 28% respectively for gallery viewers, with no change in the control group. This suggests that art has a potentially calming effect on the body’s inflammatory responses. “From a scientific perspective, the most exciting out-take is that art had a positive impact on three different body systems — the immune, endocrine (内分泌的), and autonomic systems — simultaneously. This is a unique finding, and something we were genuinely surprised to see,” explains Dr Tony Woods, who is the senior author of the study. Though art has long been associated with improved well being, this study provides the scientific support that it’s healing for our body as well. 1．What was the main goal of the research? A．To compare different art styles’ effects. B．To promote visits to a specific art gallery. C．To measure art’s physical impact scientifically. D．To prove authentic art boosts creativity greatly. 2．How was the experiment conducted? A．By using psychological questionnaires. B．By surveying artists and visitors separately. C．By testing groups under different conditions. D．By focusing on short - term emotional changes. 3．What key change did original art cause? A．A sharp increase in heart rate. B．A rise in blood pressure levels. C．A drop in participants’ skin temperature. D．A reduction in stress and inflammatory markers. 4．Why does Dr. Tony Woods call the discovery “unique”? A．It confirms art’s link to mental pleasure. B．It uses a new method for data collection. C．It finds pressure levels drop significantly. D．It shows art benefits multiple body systems. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了伦敦大学研究证实，观赏原作艺术品能显著降低压力激素与炎症指标，同时改善免疫、内分泌等多个身体系统，为艺术有益健康提供科学依据。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Research led by King’s College London offers convincing evidence that viewing original artwork in a gallery does more than uplift the spirit — it measurably improves physical health. The study demonstrates that this activity can significantly reduce stress and may even strengthen the immune system.(由伦敦国王学院开展的一项研究提供了令人信服的证据，表明在画廊欣赏原作不仅能振奋精神，还能切实改善身体健康。该研究表明，这种活动能够显著减轻压力，甚至可能增强免疫系统)”以及第二段“To investigate the physiological effects of looking at art, researchers designed an experiment involving 50 UK volunteers aged 18-40.(为了探究观赏艺术作品对人的生理产生的影响，研究人员设计了一个实验，参与实验的志愿者来自英国，年龄在18至40岁之间，共50人)”可知，这项研究的主要目标是以科学的方式测量艺术的身体影响。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Participants were divided into two matched groups based on age, gender, and baseline stress levels. One group visited the Courtauld Gallery to view original paintings by renowned artists such as Van Gogh and Gauguin, while the other observed high-quality digital reproductions of the same artworks in a neutral laboratory setting.(参与者根据年龄、性别以及基线压力水平被分为两个匹配组。其中一组参观了考陶德画廊，观看了梵高和高更等著名艺术家的原作画作，而另一组则在一间中立的实验室环境中观看了这些相同画作的高质量数字复制品)”可知，实验是通过在不同条件下对不同组进行测试而进行的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Meanwhile, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), which are linked to stress and a number of chronic diseases, dropped by 30% and 28% respectively for gallery viewers, with no change in the control group.(与此同时，与压力及多种慢性疾病相关的促炎性细胞因子（IL-6和TNF-α）在观展者的体内水平分别下降了30%和28%，而对照组的这些指标则没有变化)”可知，原始艺术降低了压力水平和炎症指标。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“From a scientific perspective, the most exciting out-take is that art had a positive impact on three different body systems — the immune, endocrine (内分泌的), and autonomic systems — simultaneously.(从科学的角度来看，最令人兴奋的发现是：艺术对人体的三个不同的生理系统——免疫系统、内分泌系统和自主神经系统——产生了积极的影响，且这种影响是同时作用于这三个系统的)”可知，托尼·伍兹博士称这一发现为“独一无二”是因为它表明艺术能够促进人体多个系统的健康。故选D。 Passage 8 (2026·高三·湖南长沙市·二模) For decades, scientists assumed that the human brain followed a simple path: rapid development in childhood followed by a slow decline with age. Yet recent research suggests a far more complex story. Rather than aging steadily, the brain appears to pass through five distinct stages, each marked by changes in how its internal connections are organized. So striking are these transitions that researchers have identified several key turning points — around the ages of 9, 32, 66 and 83 — when patterns of neural (神经的) communication shift significantly. To uncover this pattern, scientists analyzed nearly 4,000 brain scans from participants in the US and Britain, ranging from newborn babies to the elderly in their nineties. By examining white matter — the fatty tissue linking different brain regions, researchers traced how communication pathways develop across the lifetime. With the help of machine-learning algorithms (算法), they identified moments when these networks changed most dramatically. The first stage, from birth to about age 9, is marked by rapid growth. Yet growth alone does not define it. Equally important is the brain’s ability to prune away unused connections, strengthening efficient pathways. At around 9 begins the adolescent phase, lasting until roughly 32, during which neural wiring becomes more efficient and communication across brain regions speeds up. Not until the early thirties does the brain enter what scientists call the adult stage, a relatively stable period that continues until about 66. Cognitive abilities often level off, while brain regions operate in more specialized groups. After this point, early aging gradually emerges. Connections between neural networks weaken as white matter slowly declines, and beyond 83, the brain relies more heavily on a limited number of well-used pathways. Although individuals may experience these shifts at different times, the study highlights a key idea: The brain is not fixed but constantly reorganizing throughout life. Understanding this timeline may help explain why certain mental-health conditions appear at particular ages and may guide efforts to promote healthier aging. 1． How does the author develop paragraph 1? A．By challenging an old assumption. B．By displaying comprehensive evidence. C．By explaining brain connection changes. D．By presenting the key turning points in brain aging. 2． What does the underlined phrase “prune away” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Turn to. B．Mix up. C．Dig into. D．Cut out. 3． What characterizes the adult stage? A．Cognitive abilities witness rapid growth. B．Neural connections gradually weaken. C．The brain pathways in use are limited. D．Brain activity remains relatively stable. 4． What is the purpose of the text? A．To warn about the risks of brain aging. B．To detail the stages of brain development. C．To compare different views on brain development. D．To introduce new technology used in brain research. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类大脑一生会经历五个不同的发育阶段，并阐述了各阶段的特点及研究意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For decades, scientists assumed that the human brain followed a simple path: rapid development in childhood followed by a slow decline with age. Yet recent research suggests a far more complex story.(几十年来，科学家认为人类大脑的发展遵循简单模式：童年时期快速发育，随后随年龄增长缓慢衰退。然而最新研究表明情况要复杂得多。)”可知，作者通过推翻旧有观点来展开第一段内容。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The first stage, from birth to about age 9, is marked by rapid growth. Yet growth alone does not define it. Equally important is the brain’s ability to prune away unused connections, strengthening efficient pathways.(第一阶段从出生到大约9岁，以快速增长为特征。然而，增长本身并不能定义它。同样重要的是大脑prune away未使用连接的能力，加强有效的通路。)”可知，大脑在第一阶段会快速增长，同时会加强有效的通路，由此可推测大脑会去除未使用的连接，“prune away”意思是“去除”，与“Cut out”意思相近。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Not until the early thirties does the brain enter what scientists call the adult stage, a relatively stable period that continues until about 66.(直到三十岁出头，大脑才进入科学家所说的成年阶段，这是一个相对稳定的时期，持续到大约66岁。)”可知，成年阶段的特点是大脑活动相对稳定。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To uncover this pattern, scientists analyzed nearly 4,000 brain scans from participants in the US and Britain, ranging from newborn babies to the elderly in their nineties.(为了揭示这种模式，科学家们分析了来自美国和英国参与者的近4000份脑部扫描图，参与者从新生儿到九十多岁的老人都有。)”以及后文对大脑不同阶段的介绍可知，文章的目的是详细介绍大脑发育的阶段。故选B项。 Passage 9 (2026·高三·河北保定市·二模) For centuries, the construction methods of Egypt’s great pyramids remained a puzzle. Some even suggested the involvement of extraterrestrial (外星球的) beings. However, archaeological discoveries have provided solid answers. In 2013, French archaeologist Pierre Tallet discovered well-preserved papyrus scrolls (纸草卷) at Wadi al-Jarf, an ancient port on the Red Sea. Dating back over 4,500 years, these documents recorded the daily work of a man named Merer, who led his team to transport stone materials to Giza by boat. The logs revealed details of travel routes, time spent, and the number of stones moved, proving that pyramid building was actually a highly organized national project supported by efficient logistics (后勤) and precise planning. Today, archaeological cooperation is building bridges between ancient civilizations. Since 2016, a Chinese-Egyptian joint team has been working at the Temple of Montu in Luxor. Gao Wei, a researcher from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, notes that after nearly ten years of collaboration, both sides have gained a much deeper understanding of each other’s cultures. He recalls a particularly moving moment during the COVID-19 pandemic, when Egyptian colleagues took care of the Chinese team like family members. Egypt also showed support by projecting China’s national flag onto the Karnak Temple. Meanwhile, dialogue between China and Greece is also flourishing. Westra of Greece, from the key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development at Henan University, points out that both civilizations produced great thinkers around the 5th century BC． Confucius and Plato both reflected on morality, order, and how to maintain stability during times of change. Westra believes that by studying each other’s historical approaches, both countries can gain valuable insights. He notes that Chinese history emphasizes long-term continuity, a perspective that can enrich the study of Greek history. From the pyramids to the Yinxu Ruins, from the Nile to the Yellow River, archaeological cooperation does more than help us understand the past. As Gao Wei puts it, just as the ancient Egyptians used materials from different places to build the pyramids, we today need collaboration and shared wisdom to create the future we want. 1．What did the discovery of the papyrus scrolls reveal about pyramid building? A．It was built with extraterrestrial help. B．It was a well-organized national effort. C．It relied mainly on modern technology. D．It was organized by a man named Merer. 2．How does the author show the close relationship between Chinese and Egyptian archaeologists? A．By describing the long history of Egyptian civilization. B．By listing the number of artifacts they discovered. C．By comparing their different research methods. D．By mentioning their mutual support during difficult times. 3．What does the underlined word “flourishing” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Developing well. B．Fading away. C．Remaining unchanged. D．Dying out. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Construction of Egyptian pyramids. B．Philosophies of Confucius and Plato. C．Value of international archaeological cooperation. D．Daily work of ancient Egyptian workers. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】文章主要讲述了国际考古合作的价值与意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The logs revealed details of travel routes, time spent, and the number of stones moved, proving that pyramid building was actually a highly organized national project supported by efficient logistics and precise planning. (这些日志详细记录了旅行路线、花费的时间和移动的石头数量，证明金字塔的建造实际上是一个高度有组织的国家项目，得到了高效的后勤和精确的规划的支持。)”可知，纸草卷的发现揭示了金字塔建造是一项组织良好的国家努力。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“He recalls a particularly moving moment during the COVID-19 pandemic, when Egyptian colleagues took care of the Chinese team like family members. Egypt also showed support by projecting China’s national flag onto the Karnak Temple. (他回忆起在新冠疫情期间一个特别感人的时刻，当时埃及的同事像家人一样照顾中国团队。埃及还通过在卡尔纳克神庙上投射中国国旗来表示支持。)”可知，作者通过提到他们在困难时期的相互支持来展示中埃考古学家之间的密切关系。 3．词句猜测题。根据下文“Westra believes that by studying each other’s historical approaches, both countries can gain valuable insights. He notes that Chinese history emphasizes long-term continuity, a perspective that can enrich the study of Greek history. (韦斯特拉认为，通过研究彼此的历史发展路径，两国都能获得宝贵启示。他提到，中国历史注重文明的长期延续性，这一视角能够丰富希腊历史的研究。)”可知，中希之间的交流对话也蓬勃发展，由此可知，flourishing意为“蓬勃发展”。 4．主旨大意题。文章先由埃及金字塔考古发现引入，再讲中埃考古合作、中希文明考古对话，最后总结：考古合作不仅回望过去，更能凝聚智慧共创未来。由此可知，全文核心围绕国际考古合作的价值与意义展开。 Passage 10 (2026·高三·河南开封市·二模) Historically, drug development has been associated with high failure rates. On average, only 1 in 10 promising drug candidates finally makes it to market. Turning a simple molecular (分子的) structure into a workable treatment typically takes 10 to 15 years and a budget exceeding $1 billion. This high attrition (损耗) rate has long been a massive barrier for the industry. However, generative AI has emerged as a revolutionary force. The drug industry is rapidly adopting this technology to analyze vast biological datasets. AI tools can identify promising target proteins and suggest novel molecules that could combine effectively with those targets. Furthermore, they can predict the effectiveness and toxicity of potential candidates, significantly reducing the likelihood of early-stage trial failures. According to recent data, AI-designed molecules show an 80% — 90% success rate in early-stage safety trials, a substantial increase from the historical average of 40% — 65%. While the results in later stages remain uncertain, early improvements alone could boost the overall success rate. Consulting firm McKinsey estimates that AI could add an enormous $60 bn — $110 bn in annual value to the industry, primarily by simplifying complex processes from clinical documentation to administrative efficiency. Major drug companies are increasingly partnering with AI firms and tech giants like Amazon, Google, and Nvidia. For instance, Nvidia has teamed up with Eli Lilly to build the drug industry’s most powerful supercomputer. As AI revolutionizes drug development, some industry value may shift toward technological partners, creating new economic dynamics in healthcare innovation. Yet, challenges remain. Drug firms still hold unique advantages in patent data and regulatory expertise. But as AI tackles more complex biological problems, these traditional strengths may become less critical. Additionally, governments must accelerate regulatory reviews to prevent bottlenecks as the number of new candidates increases sharply. Perhaps the biggest impact lies in patent law. Currently, long patent lives help drug companies cover investments, encouraging them to pursue high-risk discovery businesses. Yet if the costs and riskiness of innovation fall dramatically, then patent terms (which typically provide 10 — 15 years of market exclusivity) may need to become shorter. 1．What is the impact of AI on drug development from the passage? A．Rise in drug development costs for companies. B．Complete replacement of human researchers soon. C．Great promise in improving early-stage trial success. D．Reduction of patent protection term to under 10 years. 2．Why do drug companies partner with tech giants like Nvidia? A．To gain access to more advanced biological data directly. B．To reduce the risks associated with clinical documentation. C．To take the lead in setting global regulatory standards for AI. D．To establish the most powerful supercomputers for drug research. 3．What does the author suggest about the future of drug patents? A．Tech companies might eventually own all drug patents. B．They may lose their legal validity entirely as AI evolves. C．The length of patent protection could potentially be reduced. D．New patents will no longer be needed for AI-designed drugs. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．AI: The Key to Healthcare Patent Law Reform. B．AI: A Powerful Force in Drug Industry Transformation. C．AI: Revolution in Early-Stage Drug Target Discovery. D．AI: Transformation of Traditional Drug Companies’ Future. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】文章主要讲述了人工智能在药物开发中的应用、影响、挑战及对未来药物专利的潜在影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Furthermore, they can predict the effectiveness and toxicity of potential candidates, significantly reducing the likelihood of early-stage trial failures.(此外，它们还可以预测潜在候选药物的有效性和毒性，大大降低了早期试验失败的可能性)”以及第三段“According to recent data, AI-designed molecules show an 80% — 90% success rate in early-stage safety trials, a substantial increase from the historical average of 40% — 65%.(根据最新数据，人工智能设计的分子在早期安全性试验中的成功率为80% - 90%，比历史平均水平40% - 65%大幅提高)”可知，人工智能在提高早期试验成功率方面有很大希望。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“For instance, Nvidia has teamed up with Eli Lilly to build the drug industry’s most powerful supercomputer.(例如，英伟达已与礼来公司合作，建造制药行业最强大的超级计算机)”可知，制药公司与英伟达等科技巨头合作是为了建立最强大的药物研究超级计算机。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Yet if the costs and riskiness of innovation fall dramatically, then patent terms (which typically provide 10 — 15 years of market exclusivity) may need to become shorter.(然而，如果创新的成本和风险大幅下降，那么专利期限（通常提供10 - 15年的市场独占期）可能需要缩短)”可知，作者认为专利保护期限可能会缩短。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, generative AI has emerged as a revolutionary force. The drug industry is rapidly adopting this technology to analyze vast biological datasets.(然而，生成式人工智能已经成为一股革命性的力量。制药业正在迅速采用这项技术来分析庞大的生物数据集)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了人工智能在药物开发中的应用及其带来的变革，因此B选项“AI: A Powerful Force in Drug Industry Transformation.(人工智能：制药业变革的强大力量)”最符合文章主旨。 Passage 11 (2026·高三·浙江温州市·二模) The room looks like your typical office: white walls, low ceilings, gray carpet worn thin from years of foot traffic. But for this vacant (空着的) office outside Dupont Circle in Washington, D．C．, real estate developers see potential. Cities across the U.S. are struggling with two problems: too much empty office space and not enough housing. Nationally, office vacancy rates reached roughly 20% in 2024, after years of employees working from home. At the same time, the national housing shortage is in the millions. Cities like D．C．, are now betting that by turning empty offices into homes, one crisis can help solve the other. A project in D．C．, which broke ground last month, is the largest such conversion (转化) in the city to date. The overall structure of the buildings will remain the same, but with major additions: a lighter-colored exterior (外部) will replace the gray concrete from the 1960s, and old inefficient windows will be replaced by larger ones that let in more light per unit. Plans include luxuries such as a pool and a dog park, with projected rent around $4,000 per month. Yet 60 units will be set aside as affordable housing. “We would love to do more,” says Matt Pestronk, the president of a development company, “but unfortunately, almost all capital seeks a return. This was as much as we could afford to do.” “It does kill two birds with one stone, in terms of providing some housing supply.” says Tracy Loh, a fellow at the Brookings Institution who studies adaptive reuse of old buildings. And it tends to create housing in central, transit-accessible areas that are in high demand. The decline of manufacturing (制造业) in the late 20th century offers a glimpse of what comes next. When shifts happen in the economy and society, the built environment must change to match contemporary demand. Just as empty factory floors became trendy apartments, today’s empty office spaces are turning into stylish kitchens and bedrooms. 1．What are cities like DC trying to do? A．Repurpose empty offices. B．Tear down unused buildings. C．Build housing in suburbs. D．Encourage working from home. 2．What can be inferred about the project in paragraph 3? A．It requires structural changes. B．It targets low-income families. C．It is funded by the government. D．It balances profit and social needs. 3．What does Tracy Loh think of the conversion? A．Realistic. B．Not far-reaching. C．Demanding. D．Short-sighted. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Cities Are Caught in Crisis B．Housing Demand Is Crying for More C．Offices Are Becoming Homes D．Manufacturing Is Gaining a Second Life 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了美国多个城市正面临办公室空置率过高和住房短缺的双重问题，华盛顿特区等城市开始尝试将空置办公楼改造为住宅，以同时缓解这两个危机。 【详解】221．细节理解题。根据第二段“Cities like D.C., are now betting that by turning empty offices into homes, one crisis can help solve the other.(像华盛顿特区这样的城市现在正寄希望于通过将空置办公室改造成住宅，一个危机能够帮助解决另一个危机。)”可知，华盛顿特区等城市正在尝试将空置办公室重新改造利用。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“Plans include luxuries such as a pool and a dog park, with projected rent around 4,000 per month. Yet 60 units will be set aside as affordable housing. ‘We would love to do more,’ says Matt Pestronk, the president of a development company, ‘but unfortunately, almost all capital seeks a return. This was as much as we could afford to do.’(计划包括游泳池和狗公园等豪华设施，预计月租金约4000美元。然而，将有60套单元被预留为经济适用房。‘我们想要做得更多，’一家开发公司的总裁马特·佩斯特罗克说，‘但不幸的是，几乎所有资本都追求回报。这是我们能够负担得起的最大限度了。’)”可知，该项目在提供高端设施（追求利润）的同时，也预留了部分经济适用房（满足社会需求），实现了利润与社会需求的平衡。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“‘It does kill two birds with one stone, in terms of providing some housing supply.’ says Tracy Loh, a fellow at the Brookings Institution who studies adaptive reuse of old buildings. And it tends to create housing in central, transit-accessible areas that are in high demand. (‘就提供部分住房供应而言，这确实是一举两得。’布鲁金斯学会研究员特蕾西·洛说，她研究旧建筑的适应性再利用。而且它倾向于在需求旺盛的中心城区和交通便利的地区创造住房。)”可知，特蕾西·洛认为这种做法确实能解决一些问题，但她用了“部分住房供应”，暗示这种转化只能提供部分住房，并不能从根本上解决住房短缺问题，因此她认为这种做法是现实的、可行的，但影响范围有限。 3．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第二段“Cities like D.C., are now betting that by turning empty offices into homes, one crisis can help solve the other. (像华盛顿特区这样的城市现在正寄希望于通过将空置办公室改造成住宅，一个危机能够帮助解决另一个危机。)”以及最后一段“Just as empty factory floors became trendy apartments, today’s empty office spaces are turning into stylish kitchens and bedrooms.(正如空置的工厂楼层变成了时尚的公寓，如今空置的办公空间正在变成时尚的厨房和卧室。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是将空置办公室改造为住宅这一趋势。 主题02 人与自然——生态保护；动物行为；气候变化；生态修复；植物生态；海洋生态； 气候影响；地球科学；环境照明 Passage 1 (2026·高三·福建宁德市·二模) The soft song of the wren (鹪鹩) once commonly marked sunrise in the central Amazon jungle. But recently, it was a rare wonder when the song cut through the morning darkness. This has received little public attention, yet it is ringing alarm bells among bird scientists. According to their research, numerous bird species are growing increasingly rare, from the Amazon rainforest in Brazil to protected reserves in Ecuador and Panama. By comparing long-term bird monitoring data over recent decades, researchers have found birds are disappearing from surprising places — expanses of forest untouched by fires, logging or human clearing. These aren’t migratory species in decline because of habitat loss on distant continents; many spend their entire lives in a single area of trees. Further study shows that all studied bird species weigh less now than in the 1980s, suggesting they are not well fed. The hardest-hit species are insect-eating birds, including the musician wren and the black-tailed leaftosser, some of which have declined by nearly 80 percent. Given that insect populations are highly sensitive to temperature and rainfall changes, scientists suspect climate change might be the underlying cause of the birds’ decline. To explore the exact link between climate patterns and bird survival, researchers launched an experiment in the Amazon. They set up irrigation systems in undisturbed forest plots, supplementing dry-season rainfall to reproduce the wetter conditions of the 1980s. Early results are promising: compared with birds in unwatered areas, those in watered areas have higher fat levels, fewer stress signals and more active reproductive behavior. Combining long-term observations and experimental evidence, scientists reached a conclusion: climate change is the leading cause of the mysterious bird decline in untouched rainforests. Higher dry-season temperatures and unstable rainfall patterns damage the food chain by reducing insect numbers. Although the research might help explain why birds are disappearing, it may not point to any solutions. “The best that we can do is really try to slow down climate change as much as possible,” says Corey Tarwater, a University of Wyoming ecologist. 1．What phenomenon is presented in paragraph 1? A．Damage to forest bird habitats. B．Secrets of biodiversity reserves. C．Decline of forest bird populations. D．Threats to endangered bird species. 2．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．Forest birds hardly rely on insects for food. B．Food shortage accounts for the loss of birds. C．Migratory birds are facing greater challenges. D．Human activities are to blame for bird decline. 3．Why did researchers conduct the Amazon experiment? A．To figure out effects of climate on birds. B．To restore damaged rainforest ecosystems. C．To increase insect numbers in dry seasons. D．To protect endangered insect-eating birds. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Forest Birds: The Victims of Habitat Destruction B．Irrigation Test: A Crucial Lifeline for Forest Birds C．Climate Change: A Hidden Threat to Forest Birds D．Insect Decline: The Underlying Cause of Bird Loss 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】主要讲述亚马逊等雨林鸟类数量莫名减少，研究探究其原因，证实气候变化是未受干扰雨林鸟类减少的潜在威胁。 【详解】165．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to their research, numerous bird species are growing increasingly rare, from the Amazon rainforest in Brazil to protected reserves in Ecuador and Panama.(根据他们的研究，从巴西亚马逊雨林到厄瓜多尔和巴拿马的保护区，许多鸟类物种正变得越来越稀少。)”可知，第一段呈现了森林鸟类种群数量下降的现象。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Further study shows that all studied bird species weigh less now than in the 1980s, suggesting they are not well fed. The hardest-hit species are insect-eating birds, including the musician wren and the black-tailed leaftosser, some of which have declined by nearly 80 percent. (进一步研究表明，所有被研究的鸟类物种如今的体重都低于20世纪80年代，这说明它们的食物摄入不足。受影响最严重的是以昆虫为食的鸟类，包括琴鹪鹩和黑尾拾叶雀，其中部分种类的数量减少了接近80%。)”可知，食物短缺是鸟类数量减少的原因。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To explore the exact link between climate patterns and bird survival, researchers launched an experiment in the Amazon.(为探究气候模式与鸟类生存之间的确切联系，研究人员在亚马逊开展了一项实验。)”可知，研究者做实验是为了弄清气候对鸟类的影响。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中的“Combining long-term observations and experimental evidence, scientists reached a conclusion: climate change is the leading cause of the mysterious bird decline in untouched rainforests.(结合长期观测与实验证据，科学家得出结论：气候变化是未受干扰雨林鸟类数量莫名减少的主要原因。)”以及文章先介绍雨林鸟类数量锐减现象、分析食物短缺现状、开展气候关联实验并最终锁定气候变化为主因可知，文章核心围绕气候变化对森林鸟类构成隐性威胁展开，文章围绕气候变化暗中威胁森林鸟类生存展开论述，所以“Climate Change: A Hidden Threat to Forest Birds(气候变化：森林鸟类的隐性威胁)”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。 Passage 2 (2026·高三·浙江金丽衢十二校·二模) Woodpeckers (啄木鸟) operate at an extreme level, boring through solid wood with forces more than 30 times their own weight and drilling up to 13 times a second. How do they never miss a beat while head banging so hard? It turns out that the birds tense up their entire body to smash through wood, letting out short, explosive grunts with each strike, report Brown University biologist Nicholas Antonson and his colleagues in the Journal of Experimental Biology. “Woodpeckers really are nature’s hammer in a sense,” Antonson says. To study how the birds tap, the researchers first humanely captured eight wild Downy Woodpeckers and carefully inserted electrodes into their muscles in the laboratory. The electrodes fed into a tiny, fitted backpack that recorded electrical signals from contracting muscles as the birds pecked. They also checked whether the woodpeckers held their breath during exertion (用力) (like weight lifters tend to do) or exhaled (呼气) (like tennis players) while striking the wood by examining airflow through the birds’ air sacs — small, balloon-like structures that help them breathe in and out. By matching these measurements with high-speed videos, the scientists tracked the woodpeckers’ taps down to every four milliseconds. Instead of using a single muscle to control the action, woodpeckers activated “every muscle from the head to the tail,” Antonson says. The birds used their powerful hip flexors to push forward, clenched their tail and abs (腹肌) to prepare for the strike, and stiffened the back of their head and neck on contact — similar to the way you might stiffen the back of your wrist when you hammer a nail. They then engaged a different set of hip and neck muscles to draw back. The birds also perfectly paired their pecks with sharp exhalations “as another means of stabilizing their core muscles and powering through those strikes,” Antonson explains. “To be able to breathe out 13 times per second and inhale on the order of 40 milliseconds is really impressive.” Songbirds, which aren’t closely related to woodpeckers, are the only other birds known to so precisely time their breaths, which they do as they sing. “Pecking is a full-body exercise,” says University of Alabama biologist Nicole Ackermans, who studies brain damage in woodpeckers and head-butting sheep. Coordinating “micro breaths” with muscle clenching and creating “this hammerlike structure in their whole body is such a unique approach,” she adds. 1．What does the question in the first paragraph mean? A．How do woodpeckers avoid injury while pecking? B．Why do woodpeckers peck faster than other birds? C．What makes woodpeckers stronger than other animals? D．How much weight can woodpeckers carry while pecking? 2．Why did the researchers insert electrodes into the woodpeckers’ muscles? A．To test their reaction to electrical signals. B．To record muscle activity during pecking. C．To measure their heart rate while pecking. D．To examine the structure of their muscles. 3．What does the underlined word “clenched” in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A．Tightened. B．Relaxed. C．Stretched. D．Lifted. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? A．Woodpeckers: Smart Tool Users B．Woodpeckers: Nature’s Hammers C．Woodpeckers: Amazing Strength D．Woodpeckers: Powerful Muscle Controller 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了啄木鸟在以高强度啄击树木时如何避免受伤的问题。研究人员通过在啄木鸟肌肉中插入电极记录其肌肉活动，并结合对气流的检查以及高速视频，发现啄木鸟通过全身肌肉协同运动和精准配合呼吸来实现高效啄击，就如同自然界的锤子一般。 【详解】161．推理判断题。根据第一段“Woodpeckers (啄木鸟) operate at an extreme level, boring through solid wood with forces more than 30 times their own weight and drilling up to 13 times a second. How do they never miss a beat while head banging so hard?(啄木鸟的啄木行为处于一种极端状态，它们以超过自身重量30倍的力量钻透坚硬的木头，每秒啄木可达13次。在如此用力地撞击头部时，它们是如何做到毫无损伤的呢？)”可知，第一段的问题意思是啄木鸟在啄树时如何避免受伤，故选A项。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“To study how the birds tap, the researchers first humanely captured eight wild Downy Woodpeckers and carefully inserted electrodes into their muscles in the laboratory. The electrodes fed into a tiny, fitted backpack that recorded electrical signals from contracting muscles as the birds pecked.(为了研究啄木鸟如何啄木，研究人员首先人道地捕获了八只野生绒啄木鸟，并在实验室里小心地将电极插入它们的肌肉。这些电极连接到一个小巧合适的背包，这个背包记录啄木鸟啄树时收缩肌肉发出的电信号)”可知，研究人员将电极插入啄木鸟肌肉是为了记录它们啄树时的肌肉活动，故选B项。 2．词义猜测题。根据第四段“The birds used their powerful hip flexors to push forward, clenched their tail and abs (腹肌) to prepare for the strike, and stiffened the back of their head and neck on contact — similar to the way you might stiffen the back of your wrist when you hammer a nail.(这些鸟用它们有力的髋屈肌向前推动，____尾巴和腹肌为撞击做准备，在接触时使头后部和颈部变硬——就像你钉钉子时可能会使手腕后部变硬一样)”以及及类比钉钉子时手腕后部变硬，可推测“clenched”意思与“Tightened（收紧）”相近，故选A项。 3．主旨大意题。主要探讨了啄木鸟在以高强度啄击树木时如何避免受伤的问题。研究人员通过在啄木鸟肌肉中插入电极记录其肌肉活动，并结合对气流的检查以及高速视频，发现啄木鸟通过全身肌肉协同运动和精准配合呼吸来实现高效啄击，就如同自然界的锤子一般。“Woodpeckers: Nature’s Hammers (啄木鸟：自然界的锤子)”能很好地概括全文主旨，故选B项。 Passage 3 (2026·高三·江苏南京市·二模) Imagine wandering through a dark forest for hours, then traveling all the way home — in a straight line. Bull ants do this every night, and scientists have long wondered how. It turns out they use a previously unknown type of Moon compass (指南针) — never seen before in the animal kingdom. To figure it out, Cody Freas, a behavioral ecologist, and his colleagues trapped bull ants the moment they left their nests. They allowed or denied the insects the chance to observe the Moon by grouping the individuals in a clear bottle or a black box. Then they brought them to an unfamiliar setting 200 meters away — an abandoned basketball court— to test which direction they traveled home. After comparing their separate paths, the team concluded the behavior of ants that could see moonlight was consistent with what’s called a time-compensated (时间补偿的 ) lunar compass. Essentially, the insects observe how quickly the Moon moves to estimate the relative position of their home and update that prediction with time. The dynamic speed of the Moon’s movement complicates this strategy. It rises slowly, speeds up when it’s at the highest point in the sky, and then slows down as it sets. Ants could be terribly misled if they don’t account for that, but the researchers discovered the insects have an inborn sense that the Moon’s speed shifts, and they compensate for it. The discovery makes bull ants the first known animals to navigate (导航) using this type of compass. Navigating with the Moon presents several advantages. Unlike stars, which other insects use to navigate, the Moon is not blocked by light pollution, and it can be bright enough to breakthrough clouds. Bull ants also have specialized eyes that allow them to see circular (环形的) patterns of polarized moonlight spreading across the sky, so they can sense the Moon’s position, even when it’s below the horizon. Freas says the study has given him a new appreciation of the Moon as a navigational aid. “The more time you spend under the Moon,” he says, “the more it seems like a much better helper than you originally think.” 1．Which aspect of the study does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The process. B．The purposes. C．The background. D．The findings. 2．What helps bull ants navigate correctly according to the text? A．Their familiarity with the path to home. B．Their tolerance for the Moon’s movement. C．Their independence from time compensation. D．Their adjustment to the Moon’s speed change. 3．What can be inferred from the last but one paragraph? A．Navigating with the Moon is reliable for the bull ants. B．Bull ants’ eyes are characterized by circular patterns. C．Light pollution affects bull ants’ sense of direction. D．Bull ants can see the Moon below the horizon. 4．What does Freas think of bull ants using Moon compass? A．It’s controversial. B．It’s challenging. C．It’s mysterious. D．It’s amazing. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了科学家发现公牛蚁利用月亮指南针导航的原理及优势。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“To figure it out, Cody Freas, a behavioral ecologist, and his colleagues trapped bull ants the moment they left their nests. They allowed or denied the insects the chance to observe the Moon by grouping the individuals in a clear bottle or a black box. Then they brought them to an unfamiliar setting 200 meters away — an abandoned basketball court — to test which direction they traveled home.(为了弄清楚这一点，行为生态学家科迪·弗雷斯和他的同事们在公牛蚁离开巢穴的那一刻就抓住了它们。他们通过将公牛蚁分别放在一个透明的瓶子里或一个黑盒子里，来允许或阻止它们观察月亮。然后，他们把它们带到一个200米外的不熟悉的环境——一个废弃的篮球场——来测试它们回家的方向。)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究的过程。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The dynamic speed of the Moon’s movement complicates this strategy. It rises slowly, speeds up when it’s at the highest point in the sky, and then slows down as it sets. Ants could be terribly misled if they don’t account for that, but the researchers discovered the insects have an inborn sense that the Moon’s speed shifts, and they compensate for it.(月亮运动的动态速度使这一策略复杂化。它上升缓慢，在天空最高点时加速，然后在下落时减速。如果蚂蚁不考虑这一点，它们可能会被严重误导，但研究人员发现，这些昆虫有一种天生的感觉，即月亮的速度会发生变化，它们会对此进行补偿。)”可知，公牛蚁会根据月亮速度的变化进行调整，从而帮助它们正确导航。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Navigating with the Moon presents several advantages. Unlike stars, which other insects use to navigate, the Moon is not blocked by light pollution, and it can be bright enough to breakthrough clouds. Bull ants also have specialized eyes that allow them to see circular (环形的) patterns of polarized moonlight spreading across the sky, so they can sense the Moon’s position, even when it’s below the horizon.(利用月亮导航有几个优点。与其他昆虫用来导航的星星不同，月亮不会被光污染所阻挡，而且它的亮度足以穿透云层。公牛蚁还有特殊的眼睛，可以看到极化的月光在天空中扩散的圆形图案，所以即使月亮在地平线以下，它们也能感知到月亮的位置。)”可知，利用月亮导航对公牛蚁来说是可靠的。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Freas says the study has given him a new appreciation of the Moon as a navigational aid. “The more time you spend under the Moon,” he says, “the more it seems like a much better helper than you originally think.”(弗雷斯说，这项研究让他对月亮作为导航辅助工具有了新的认识。他说：“你在月亮下待的时间越长，它就越像是一个比你最初想象的更好的帮手。”)”可知，弗雷斯认为公牛蚁使用月亮指南针是令人惊叹的。 Passage 4 (2026·高三·山东聊城市·二模) It is now officially confirmed: Iceland has lost its long-standing mosquito-free status. On October 21, 2025, the country’s Natural Science Institute announced that three mosquitoes had been detected near Réykjavík, the capital. This marks the first documented occurrence of mosquitoes in Iceland’s natural environment. Historically, Iceland, owing to its cold, harsh climate, was one of the only two regions on Earth entirely free of mosquitoes — the other being Antarctica. However, climate change is fundamentally changing this ecological balance. This spring, Iceland recorded unprecedented high temperatures, reaching 26.6℃ on May 15, with some areas experiencing abnormality of over 10℃ above the long-term average, according to the Icelandic Meteorological Office. Iceland is not the first territory to forfeit its mosquito-free status, said news outlet Live Science. Hawaii remained free of mosquitoes until 1826, when the insects were accidentally brought in by European and American ships and thrived in the islands’ hot, humid climate. In recent decades, global warming has enabled mosquitoes to expand their range into the islands’ higher-altitude forests, which were once too’ cold to sustain their survival. Mosquitoes are by nature adapted to warm conditions. The Conversation explains that they are ectothermic (变温的), meaning their body temperature is regulated by their surroundings. Mosquito larvae (幼虫) require temperatures between 7℃ and 16℃ to develop, while adult mosquitoes thrive in temperatures exceeding 27℃ and enter hibernation (冬眠) when temperatures drop below 10℃. Apart from rising temperatures, climate change fuels mosquito reproduction also by changing normal rainfall patterns, noted in the Stanford Report. The World Mosquito Program, a non-profit initiative led by Monash University in Australia, points out that mosquitoes depend on still, impure water to breed before maturing into flying adults. Floods create ideal breeding pools, while droughts lead people to store water, further expanding mosquito habitats. 1．What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A．Mosquitoes have destroyed the ecological balance. B．Few insects could survive Iceland’s harsh conditions. C．Mosquitoes begin to appear in Iceland. D．Iceland’s temperature rises by over 10℃. 2．What does the underlined word “forfeit” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Acquire. B．Claim. C．Lose. D．Preserve. 3．Why does the author mention droughts in the last paragraph? A．To illustrate that mosquitoes cannot survive without water. B．To explain why people have to store water during dry weather. C．To prove that rainfall patterns have been changed by climate change. D．To show changed rainfall patterns indirectly cause more mosquitoes. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Higher-altitude forests become habitats for mosquitoes. B．Mosquitoes adapt easily to warm weather. C．Floods and droughts fuel the reproduction of mosquitoes. D．Climate change drives the spread of mosquitoes. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了由于气候变化导致的气温升高和降雨模式改变，使得蚊子传播到更多地区。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This marks the first documented occurrence of mosquitoes in Iceland’s natural environment. (这标志着首次有记录显示蚊子出现在冰岛的自然环境中)”以及第二段“Historically, Iceland, owing to its cold, harsh climate, was one of the only two regions on Earth entirely free of mosquitoes — the other being Antarctica. (历史上，由于气候寒冷恶劣，冰岛是地球上仅有的两个完全没有蚊子的地区之一，另一个是南极洲)”可知，蚊子开始出现在冰岛。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Iceland is not the first territory to forfeit its mosquito-free status, said news outlet Live Science. Hawaii remained free of mosquitoes until 1826, when the insects were accidentally brought in by European and American ships and thrived in the islands’ hot, humid climate.(新闻媒体《生活科学》称，冰岛不是第一个forfeit无蚊子状态的地区。夏威夷在1826年之前都没有蚊子，直到欧洲和美国的船只意外将蚊子带入，这些蚊子在岛屿炎热潮湿的气候中繁衍生息)”可知，夏威夷原本没有蚊子，后来有了蚊子，也就是失去了无蚊子状态，所以此处表冰岛不是第一个失去无蚊子状态的地区示，forfeit意思是“失去”，与lose意义相近。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Apart from rising temperatures, climate change fuels mosquito reproduction also by changing normal rainfall patterns, noted in the Stanford Report. (斯坦福报告指出，除了气温上升，气候变化还通过改变正常的降雨模式来促进蚊子繁殖)”以及“Floods create ideal breeding pools, while droughts lead people to store water, further expanding mosquito habitats. (洪水创造了理想的繁殖池，而干旱导致人们储存水，进一步扩大了蚊子的栖息地)”可知，作者提到干旱是为了说明改变的降雨模式间接导致了更多蚊子的出现。 4．主旨大意题。文章开篇以冰岛出现蚊子为例，接着提到夏威夷等地区蚊子情况的变化，然后阐述蚊子适应的温度条件，最后说明气候变化通过改变气温和降雨模式促进蚊子繁殖，整体围绕气候变化推动蚊子传播展开。 Passage 5 (2026·高三·山东烟台市·二模) South Florida’s coastal seawalls, which Keith Van de Riet, a professor at the University of Kansas, fittingly names the “forgotten edge”, have long posed a severe threat to marine ecosystems. These man-made concrete structures, originally built to protect human properties, have replaced the natural life-sustaining intertidal (潮间) zones with smooth single-dimensional surfaces, significantly destroying habitats that once supported a wealth of marine creatures. As an architect and a keen fisherman, Van de Riet observed that large-scale seawall construction had eliminated winding mangrove forests and streams in the life-rich intertidal zone, where oysters, crabs and fish once thrived (繁荣). Marine organisms, which rely on gaps and holes for shelter and reproduction, find such smooth structures totally uninhabitable. He was deeply concerned about this issue. Drawing on nature’s wisdom, Van de Riet created mangrove planters after careful research and design. These planters are intentionally cut roughly to copy natural oyster beds and mangrove roots which provide essential habitat for marine life. When hung on otherwise featureless seawalls, each planter can house two living mangrove trees, creating small but vital ecosystems that sustain marine species. In 2023, Van de Riet had his first set of one-of-a-kind planters installed on a newly built seawall in a residential canal in South Florida. The results exceeded expectations. Within months, fish, oysters and other marine life occupied the area, turning the dead-end canal into a thriving coastal ecosystem. Rachel Gittman, a coastal ecologist, warns that copying the complexity of natural habitats is tough yet acknowledges that Van de Riet’s planters outperform conventional seawalls by balancing human needs and marine biodiversity. She notes that scaling up such innovations requires significant policy adjustments from national and local governments. 1．Why does Van de Riet call the seawalls “forgotten edge”? A．To reveal a marine possibility. B．To criticize faulty architecture. C．To expose ignored ecological harm. D．To emphasize geographical location. 2．What is the core concept behind Van de Riet’s design? A．Nature-based habitat restoration. B．Harmony with coastal beauty. C．Human-focused landscape engineering. D．Survival of the fittest in nature. 3．How do Van de Riet’s planters mainly function? A．Purifying sea water. B．Establishing artificial nesting sites. C．Securing residential areas. D．Weakening wave force on seawalls. 4．What does Gittman think is a must to promote innovations like the planters? A．Rich experience. B．Public participation. C．Official initiatives. D．Financial investment. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文通过介绍Keith Van de Riet设计的红树林种植器，说明基于自然智慧的创新设计可以有效修复被传统海堤破坏的海洋生态系统，并呼吁政府和政策层面的支持以推广此类解决方案。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“South Florida’s coastal seawalls, which Keith Van de Riet, a professor at the University of Kansas, fittingly names the “forgotten edge”, have long posed a severe threat to marine ecosystems. These man-made concrete structures, originally built to protect human properties, have replaced the natural life-sustaining intertidal (潮间) zones with smooth single-dimensional surfaces, significantly destroying habitats that once supported a wealth of marine creatures.(南佛罗里达沿海的海堤——堪萨斯大学教授Keith Van de Riet称之为“被遗忘的边缘”——长期以来对海洋生态系统构成了严重威胁。这些人造混凝土结构最初是为了保护人类财产而建造的，却用光滑的单维表面取代了原本维持生命的天然潮间带，严重破坏了曾经孕育丰富海洋生物的栖息地。)”可知，Keith Van de Riet称海堤为“被遗忘的边缘”，是因为这些结构长期对海洋生态系统造成严重威胁，破坏了原本丰富的栖息地，而这种生态危害一直被忽视。因此，他使用这一称呼是为了揭示被忽略的生态破坏。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Drawing on nature’s wisdom, Van de Riet created mangrove planters after careful research and design. These planters are intentionally cut roughly to copy natural oyster beds and mangrove roots which provide essential habitat for marine life.(借鉴自然的智慧，Van de Riet经过仔细的研究和设计，创造出了红树林种植器。这些种植器故意切割得粗糙，以模仿天然牡蛎床和红树林根系，为海洋生物提供必要的栖息地。)”可知，Van de Riet的设计核心是借鉴自然的智慧，通过模仿天然牡蛎床和红树林根系来恢复海洋生物的栖息地，这体现了基于自然的栖息地恢复理念。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“When hung on otherwise featureless seawalls, each planter can house two living mangrove trees, creating small but vital ecosystems that sustain marine species.(当挂在原本毫无特征的海堤上时，每个种植器可以容纳两棵活的红树林，形成微小但至关重要的生态系统，维持海洋物种的生存。)”可知，种植器的主要功能是在无特征的海堤上建立人工生态系统，为鱼类、牡蛎等海洋生物提供栖息和繁殖的场所，即人工巢位。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“She notes that scaling up such innovations requires significant policy adjustments from national and local governments.(她指出，要推广这类创新，需要国家和地方政府进行重大的政策调整。)”可知，Gittman认为，推广这类创新需要国家和地方政府的重大政策调整，即官方层面的行动。 Passage 6 (2026·高三·河北唐山市·二模) You probably know about endangered animals. But what about plants? They are the backbone of every ecosystem — offering homes, food, shade, and oxygen to other species. But here’s the tricky part: sometimes a forest looks healthy. But many of the plants that could be there are actually missing. This is where the idea of dark diversity comes in. Dark diversity is like Nature’s secret list — the plants that the environment could support, but that we don’t see anymore. The problem is that most of the time, scientists only count the species they see. Dark diversity shows us a hidden loss that’s easy to ignore. We studied hidden plant loss at over 5,000 natural plant sites in 119 regions worldwide. Each site was 100 m2, and surrounding regions were about 300km2. At each site, we listed all species we saw, called alpha diversity. We also compared sites in the same region to measure beta diversity, showing how vegetation differed across the region. Across each region, we added all species to get gamma diversity, the total “regional library.” To find missing species, we calculated dark diversity, counting plants that usually grow with those present but were absent, like asking, “Which classmates are missing today?” The sum of observed and missing species formed the species pool, representing a site’s potential diversity. Community completeness is the percentage of the species pool that is actually observed at a site. Finally, we assessed human impact using the Human Footprint Index, including population, roads, farmland, and cities, to see whether higher human influence reduced biodiversity. What did we find out? On average, only about 25% of the possible plants were present in each spot. In areas with little human activity, about one in three expected species showed up. The rest were likely absent due to natural reasons. In areas with a high human footprint, only one in five expected species were there. Just counting plants (alpha diversity) didn’t show this problem. This is because different locations have naturally more or fewer species. A grassland might look “full” but still have very low completeness. The hidden loss only became clear when we looked at Nature’s secret list of missing plants. 1．What does “Nature’s secret list” suggest? A．The environment is improving. B．Some extinct plants are in it. C．Some plants are potential but absent. D．Nature has its way of creating diversity. 2．If alpha diversity is 20, dark diversity is 70, then the community completeness is about __________. A．22.2% B．28.6% C．40% D．45% 3．Which of the following best matches the finding? A． B． C． D． 4．Why does the author mention the grassland example? A．To describe a typical natural habitat. B．To emphasize the richness of plant life. C．To illustrate differences between regions. D．To show the limitation of counting visible species. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】主要介绍植物在生态系统中的重要性，引入“暗多样性”概念，讲述通过对全球多地自然植物站点研究，揭示人类活动对植物多样性的影响，以及仅统计可见植物物种存在局限性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dark diversity is like Nature’s secret list — the plants that the environment could support, but that we don’t see anymore. (暗多样性就像大自然的秘密清单——上面列着环境本可以支持生长，但我们如今再也看不到的植物。)”可知，“大自然的秘密清单”意味着一些有生长潜力但目前缺失的植物。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“The sum of observed and missing species formed the species pool, representing a site’s potential diversity. Community completeness is the percentage of the species pool that is actually observed at a site. (观察到的物种与缺失物种之和构成物种池，代表一个站点的潜在多样性。群落完整性是在一个站点实际观察到的物种在物种池中所占的百分比。)”，已知alpha diversity（观察到的物种数）为20，dark diversity（缺失物种数）为70，那么物种池为20+70=90，群落完整性为20÷(20+70)×100%≈22.2%。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In areas with little human activity, about one in three expected species showed up. In areas with a high human footprint, only one in five expected species were there. (在人类活动少的地区，大约三分之一预期的物种会出现。在人类活动足迹多的地区，只有五分之一预期的物种存在。)可知，人类活动少的区域植物存在比例高于人类活动多的区域。B选项的图表能准确体现这一关系。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Just counting plants (alpha diversity) didn’t show this problem. This is because different locations have naturally more or fewer species. A grassland might look “full” but still have very low completeness. The hidden loss only became clear when we looked at Nature’s secret list of missing plants. (仅统计植物种类数量（阿尔法多样性）并不能反映出这一问题。 这是因为不同地域本身物种数量就有多有少。 一片草原看似植被繁茂，但其物种完整度可能依旧很低。 只有当我们对照大自然那份消失植物的隐秘名录时，这种隐性的物种流失才得以清晰显现。)”可知，提到草地看似“物种丰富”但完整性低的例子，是为了表明仅统计可见物种存在局限性。 Passage 7 (2026·高三·河南濮阳市·二模) Scientists have long known that small marine creatures can attach to plastic debris (碎片). After Japan’s massive 2011 tsunami, some marine animals even crossed the Pacific Ocean on floating waste. However, a study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution has revealed two alarming findings. First, plastic enables coastal organisms to prosper far from their natural habitats. Second, these coastal species are reproducing successfully in these distant offshore areas. Researchers inspected over 100 pieces of plastic collected from an ocean garbage piece, where ocean currents trap 79,000 tons of waste. They identified 484 marine organisms belonging to various species. About 70% of the plastic pieces hosted at least one type of coastal organism — far more than initially expected. More surprisingly, two-thirds of the debris had both coastal and open-sea species living together. Plastic is not merely a carrier of life; it is forming unnatural groups that researchers term “novel ocean communities” “We are witnessing coastal and native open-ocean organisms coexisting on plastic,” says lead researcher Linsey Haram. “Human activity is essentially creating new ecological groups in the open ocean.” These mixed communities may pose significant risks to native marine ecosystems. Coastal creatures could compete with local species for space and food, or even feed on them. Scientists observed coastal organisms reproducing: some guarding their eggs, while others were cloning themselves. This indicates that these coastal species may establish permanent populations in the open ocean. The danger spreads globally. Plastic debris can be carried to remote beaches, where non-native species might take root. “If a species can reproduce, it can spread. If it can spread, it can invade (入侵),” notes marine expert Linda Amaral-Zettler. This invasion could disrupt the balance of local ocean ecosystems and push native species toward danger. The study uncovers a hidden impact of plastic pollution — beyond the well-known harm to fish and seabirds. “We already know a great deal about animals getting stuck in plastic,” Haram says. “This research adds an unforeseen effect, urging us to reduce plastic waste urgently. Once plastic enters the open ocean, it’s nearly impossible to reverse (逆转) the damage.” 1．Which of the following can be concluded from the study results? A．Plastic is marine species’ main habitat. B．Coastal organisms on plastic surprise us. C．Open-sea species can adapt better to plastic. D．Coastal organisms fail to reproduce naturally. 2．What can be inferred about the “novel ocean communities” from the text? A．They will spread worldwide. B．They form naturally in the ocean. C．They will disappear with less plastic. D．They may threaten native species. 3．What does the underlined word “disrupt” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Maintain. B．Improve. C．Restore. D．Destroy. 4．What is known about plastic pollution before the study? A．It assists coastal life to survive. B．It enables organisms to prosper. C．It traps and harms sea creatures. D．It creates novel ecological groups. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】主要介绍一项新研究，阐述塑料垃圾携带海岸生物远洋繁衍，形成新型群落并威胁海洋生态平衡。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“About 70% of the plastic pieces hosted at least one type of coastal organism — far more than initially expected.(大约七成塑料碎片上生存着至少一种海岸生物，数量远超最初预期。)”可知，附着在塑料上的海岸生物数量与种类超乎想象，令人意外。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“These mixed communities may pose significant risks to native marine ecosystems. Coastal creatures could compete with local species for space and food, or even feed on them.(这类混合群落会给本土海洋生态系统带来巨大隐患，海岸生物会与本地物种争夺生存资源甚至捕食本地生物。)”可知，这种新型海洋群落会威胁本土海洋生物的生存。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“This invasion could disrupt the balance of local ocean ecosystems and push native species toward danger.(这种入侵可能disrupt当地海洋生态系统的平衡，并将本土物种推向危险的境地。)”可知，外来物种入侵会打破原本的生态平衡，给本土物种带来生存危机，因此，画线单词“disrupt”暗示“破坏、扰乱”符合语境。 4．细节理解题。根据第六段中的““We already know a great deal about animals getting stuck in plastic,” Haram says. (哈拉姆表示：“我们早已十分清楚，动物会被塑料制品缠住困住。”)”可知，在该研究之前，人们已知塑料会困住并伤害海洋生物。 Passage 8 (2026·高三·湖南常德市·二模) In 1779, Englishman Charles Blair built the first primitive shelter for hikers to view France’s Mer de Glace glacier(冰川). As alpine(阿尔卑斯山的) clubs sprung up in Europe and climbers claimed first victories of major peaks in the Alps in the 1850s and 1860s, the Golden Age of Alpinism gave rise to a network of huts to support a new type of adventure tourism. Some 3,000 hiking huts, around 1,300 of which are staffed by Europe’s alpine clubs to provide food and safety above the treeline, are still standing in the Alps — for now. The Mer de Glace is reducing at a rate of 15 feet per year. By 2100, 90 percent of the glacier will be gone, while glaciers worldwide are expected to lose another 366 billion tons in the next decade. Therefore, the ground under the huts and the trails that support them is becoming more unstable. And in the face of aging structures, the foundations of huts are crumbling. Melting permafrost (永久冻土) causes steeper, faster rockfalls across the Alps. In Italy’s Dolomites, search-and-rescue operations rose 20% last summer due to unstable ground. “The mountains have always been dangerous,” says glaciologist Daniel Farinotti, “but melting is speeding up strikingly in recent years.” Advanced monitoring systems provide some warning, but hikers face more trail closures and must remain alarmed. Maintenance costs are rocketing. The Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) spends $8.8 million annually on repairs, but admits “the funds will not be enough.” The local government struggles with limited budgets. The Austrian Alpine Association sought $100 million in government aid in 2024 — they received only $3 million. So the SAC is calling for urgent action and a new financial model for hut construction. “Climate change is forcing us to rethink our concepts,” the SAC Huts 2050 report reads. “Our huts need to be adapted so that they remain safe and attractive in the future. This is not just about structural safety, but also about continuing to make mountain sports possible under changing conditions.” 1．Why were huts massively built in the Alps? A．To accommodate local staff. B．To mark the first major peaks. C．To satisfy adventurers’ needs. D．To serve as shelters for alpine clubs. 2．What does the underlined word “crumbling” mean in paragraph 2? A．Drying. B．Breaking. C．Freezing. D．Stabilizing. 3．What does the author try to illustrate by listing data in paragraph 4? A．The trouble in maintaining huts. B．The struggle for government aid. C．The urgency of building new huts. D．The necessity of financial budgets. 4．What does the SAC Huts 2050 report suggest? A．A careful plan to make huts attractive. B．Possible direction for hut adaptation. C．A practical solution to ensure hut safety. D．Constant reflection on climate change. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化引发冰川消融、地基不稳等问题，导致阿尔卑斯山区登山小屋面临安全隐患、维护成本飙升与资金短缺的困境，相关机构呼吁改造小屋并建立新资金模式以应对危机。 1．细节理解题。 根据第一段中“As alpine clubs sprung up in Europe and climbers claimed first victories of major peaks in the Alps in the 1850s and 1860s, the Golden Age of Alpinism gave rise to a network of huts to support a new type of adventure tourism.(19 世纪五六十年代，欧洲阿尔卑斯山俱乐部兴起，登山者首次登顶阿尔卑斯山脉各大高峰，阿尔卑斯攀登黄金时代催生了一批小屋，为新型探险旅游提供支持)”可知，大规模修建小屋是为了满足探险者的需求。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Therefore, the ground under the huts and the trails that support them is becoming more unstable. And in the face of aging structures, the foundations of huts are crumbling.(因此，小屋下方的地面以及支撑小屋的步道正变得愈发不稳定。加之建筑老化，小屋地基正在crumbling)”可知，冰川融化让小屋地基所在的地面变得不稳定，加上建筑本身老化，小屋的地基正在“碎裂、坍塌”，划线词crumbling意为“崩塌、破损”，与Breaking意思一致。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Maintenance costs are rocketing. The Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) spends $8.8 million annually on repairs, but admits “the funds will not be enough”. The local government struggles with limited budgets. The Austrian Alpine Association sought $100 million in government aid in 2024 — they received only $3 million.(维护成本正在飙升。瑞士阿尔卑斯山俱乐部每年花费880万美元修缮小屋，却坦言资金不足；地方政府预算紧张；奥地利登山协会2024年申请1亿美元政府援助，仅获批300万美元)” 可知，第四段中首句点明主旨：维护小屋成本飞涨，随后列举了瑞士阿尔卑斯俱乐部每年维修费用高达880万美元且资金不足、奥地利阿尔卑斯协会申请1亿美元政府援助仅获300万美元等数据，旨在说明小屋维护面临资金短缺、困难重重的现状。故选A。 4．细节理解题。 根据最后一段中““Climate change is forcing us to rethink our concepts,” the SAC Huts 2050 report reads.Our huts need to be adapted so that they remain safe and attractive in the future. This is not just about structural safety, but also about continuing to make mountain sports possible under changing conditions.(‘气候变化迫使我们重新思考我们的观念，’SAC Huts 2050报告写道：‘我们的小屋需要进行改造，以便在未来保持安全和吸引力。这不仅关系到建筑结构安全，还关系到在不断变化的条件下继续使山地运动成为可能。’)”可知，气候变化迫使人们重新思考小屋的运营，小屋需要调整适配新环境，才能保证未来安全可用，这份报告给出了小屋改造调整的发展方向。故选B。 Passage 9 (2026·高三·安徽蚌埠市·二模) Researchers have created a map of Antarctica revealing thousands of never-before-seen hills, valleys and plains beneath the ice. This new information could help scientists understand how the changing climate will affect the continent. Antarctica is almost one and a half times the size of Europe. Most of it is covered in a layer of ice that’s three miles thick in places, which makes it difficult to see the shape of the land underneath. The new map has changed that. In the past, scientists used radar from air and ground surveys to work out what the land surface might look like. Radar sends out radio waves, which bounce off the ground and are reflected back. Researchers can then work out how far away the land is beneath the ice, revealing hills, valleys and plains. The trouble is, there are big distances between the areas they’ve surveyed, leaving scientists to fill in the gaps. To create the new map, the team used satellite images, surveys of the surface ice and an understanding of how ice moves. Although ice behaves differently to water, the scientists were able to figure out how the ice had flowed and pinpoint (精准定位) the mountains and valleys underneath it. “It’s like kayaking in a river with rocks underwater. Eddies (漩涡) in the surface tell you about the rocks under the water,” said the study’s lead author, Helen Ockenden from the University of Grenoble-Alpes in France. Mapping the land underneath Antarctica is important. The continent is losing ice as the planet warms. As the ice melts, it falls into the ocean, raising global sea levels. Scientists are not sure how much ice the continent will lose in the future and how this will raise sea. The shape of a landscape affects how quickly ice moves across its surface, and the speed at which it pushes up sea levels. Experts say the map will give a better idea of what’s going to happen in the future. “It’s like a grainy pixel (像素颗粒感的) film camera before, and now a properly zoomed-in digital image of what’s really going on,” said Ockenden. 1．Why did the researchers create a new map? A．To study ice in Europe. B．To forecast sea level changes. C．To replace old survey tools. D．To show Antarctica’s hidden land. 2．How did scientists discover the landforms beneath Antarctica’s ice? A．By studying ice movement. B．By drilling ice surface deep. C．By creating eddies at sea. D．By analyzing satellite images. 3．Why does mapping the Antarctic land underneath matter? A．It helps slow global warming in Antarctia. B．It helps explain past global sea level rise. C．It helps predict ice melt and sea level rise. D．It helps measure the current amount of ice. 4．What does Ockenden intend to show by mentioning the cameras? A．How much the new maps are improved. B．How many detailed maps they have made. C．Why the ice melts so quickly in Antarctica. D．When the new technology will be used. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员创建了一幅南极洲新地图，揭示了冰层下数千个从未见过的山丘、山谷和平原，并说明了其重要意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchers have created a map of Antarctica revealing thousands of never-before-seen hills, valleys and plains beneath the ice.(研究人员绘制了一幅南极洲地图，揭示了冰层下数千个从未见过的山丘、山谷和平原。)”以及第二段中“Most of it is covered in a layer of ice that’s three miles thick in places, which makes it difficult to see the shape of the land underneath. The new map has changed that.(大陆大部分区域都被冰层覆盖，部分地区的冰层厚度可达三英里，这导致人们很难看清冰层下方的陆地地貌，而这份新地图改变了这一现状。)”可知，研究人员绘制新地图是为了展示南极洲隐藏的陆地。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“To create the new map, the team used satellite images, surveys of the surface ice and an understanding of how ice moves. Although ice behaves differently to water, the scientists were able to figure out how the ice had flowed and pinpoint (精准定位) the mountains and valleys underneath it.(为了创建新地图，研究小组使用了卫星图像、地表冰调查以及对冰如何移动的理解。尽管冰的行为与水不同，但科学家们能够弄清楚冰是如何流动的，并精确定位其下面的山脉和山谷。)”可知，科学家们通过研究冰的运动发现南极洲冰层下的地形。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Mapping the land underneath Antarctica is important. The continent is losing ice as the planet warms. As the ice melts, it falls into the ocean, raising global sea levels. Scientists are not sure how much ice the continent will lose in the future and how this will raise sea. The shape of a landscape affects how quickly ice moves across its surface, and the speed at which it pushes up sea levels.(绘制南极洲陆地地图很重要。随着地球变暖，南极洲正在失去冰层。当冰融化时，它会落入海洋，导致全球海平面上升。科学家们不确定这个大陆未来会失去多少冰，以及这将如何导致海平面上升。地貌的形状会影响冰在其表面移动的速度，以及它推高海平面的速度。)”可知，绘制南极洲陆地地图很重要是因为它有助于预测冰川融化和海平面上升。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Experts say the map will give a better idea of what’s going to happen in the future. “It’s like a grainy pixel (像素颗粒感的) film camera before, and now a properly zoomed-in digital image of what’s really going on,” said Ockenden.(专家表示，这张地图将让人们更好地了解未来会发生什么。奥肯登说：“这就像以前是一台像素颗粒感的胶片相机，而现在是一张真正发生的事情的适当放大的数字图像。”)”可知，奥肯登提到相机是为了表明新地图有了多大的改进。 Passage 10 (2026·高三·安徽马鞍山市·二模) Cities have adopted different approaches when it comes to street lighting, but all approaches have prioritized bright uniform street lighting for safety. However, evidence shows that this artificial lighting can change the behavior of nocturnal (夜行的) wildlife. To address this problem, Gladsaxe, a suburb of Copenhagen, introduced a new lighting approach by installing red-spectrum (红色光谱) LED street lighting along a 700-meter stretch of Frederiksborgvej and the Farum cycle superhighway. Gladsaxe’s red lighting helps limit the ecological impact that often comes with white light while still preserving visibility for road users. As far as a trade-off around light pollution goes, the Gladsaxe project provides a potential model for other cities. During the initial installation in 2022, the lighting design used 30 one-meter-high bollards (桩) spaced30 meters apart to project red light that leaves spaces of complete darkness between them, which the designers said allow light-shy bats to cross without exposure while still providing lighting continuity for the bicycle path. At locations where cyclists and pedestrians cross the road, the project added 12 poles at 3.5 meters to create a distinct visual environment and improve safety at those points. Partnering design company Light Bureau reported the installation met required lighting and uniformity levels in selected sections to support Danish road and cycle-path standards, and the project received a Build Back Better GREEN Award in 2022 for minimizing negative impacts on biodiversity while providing safe passage for road users. Light Bureau stated it intended to continue working with biologists to evaluate whether the red-spectrum approach achieved its intended ecological outcomes, indicating post-installation monitoring and assessment would inform future installations or adjustments. The project is now being viewed as a potential model for other cities worldwide dealing with light pollution and its effects on wildlife, while demonstrating how urban design can be adapted to meet both human safety needs and environmental goals. 1．What is the purpose of the Gladsaxe project? A．To reduce energy consumption. B．To make the streets more pleasing. C．To improve visibility for residents. D．To minimize disturbance to wildlife. 2．What can be learnt about the bollards and the poles? A．They are intended to ensure the safety of installers. B．They balance the needs of animals and path users. C．They serve as special decorations along the route. D．They are of similar heights and evenly spaced. 3．What can we say about the project based on Light Bureau’s report? A．It’s received recognition. B．It’s postponed intended outcomes. C．It’s secured partnerships. D．It’s stopped light pollution worldwide. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．White Light, Bright Night. B．Light Pollution in the City. C．Red Light, Safe Night. D．Lighting for the Wildlife. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了哥本哈根郊区Gladsaxe通过安装红色光谱LED路灯来减少对野生动物的干扰，同时确保道路使用者的安全，为其他城市提供了潜在的模式。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, evidence shows that this artificial lighting can change the behavior of nocturnal (夜行的) wildlife. To address this problem, Gladsaxe, a suburb of Copenhagen, introduced a new lighting approach by installing red-spectrum (红色光谱) LED street lighting along a 700-meter stretch of Frederiksborgvej and the Farum cycle superhighway. (然而，有证据表明，这种人工照明会改变夜行野生动物的行为。为了解决这个问题，哥本哈根郊区Gladsaxe引入了一种新的照明方式，在700米长的Frederiksborgvej和Farum自行车高速公路上安装了红色光谱LED路灯。)”以及第二段中“Gladsaxe’s red lighting helps limit the ecological impact that often comes with white light while still preserving visibility for road users. (Gladsaxe的红色照明有助于限制白光通常带来的生态影响，同时仍为道路使用者保持可见度。)”可知，Gladsaxe项目的目的是尽量减少对野生动物的干扰。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“During the initial installation in 2022, the lighting design used 30 one-meter-high bollards (桩) spaced30 meters apart to project red light that leaves spaces of complete darkness between them, which the designers said allow light-shy bats to cross without exposure while still providing lighting continuity for the bicycle path. At locations where cyclists and pedestrians cross the road, the project added 12 poles at 3.5 meters to create a distinct visual environment and improve safety at those points. (在2022年的初步安装过程中，照明设计使用了30个一米高的路桩，间隔30米，投射出红光，使它们之间留有完全黑暗的空间，设计师说，这可以让怕光的蝙蝠在不暴露的情况下穿过，同时仍为自行车道提供连续的照明。在骑自行车的人和行人过马路的地方，该项目增加了12根3.5米高的杆子，以创造一个独特的视觉环境，并提高这些地方的安全性。)”可知，路桩和杆子平衡了动物和道路使用者的需求。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Partnering design company Light Bureau reported the installation met required lighting and uniformity levels in selected sections to support Danish road and cycle-path standards, and the project received a Build Back Better GREEN Award in 2022 for minimizing negative impacts on biodiversity while providing safe passage for road users. (合作设计公司Light Bureau报告称，安装的选定部分达到了所需的照明和均匀度水平，符合丹麦道路和自行车道标准，该项目在2022年获得了“重建更好绿色奖”，因为它在为道路使用者提供安全通道的同时，最大限度地减少了对生物多样性的负面影响。)”可知，根据Light Bureau的报告，该项目获得了认可。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“However, evidence shows that this artificial lighting can change the behavior of nocturnal (夜行的) wildlife. To address this problem, Gladsaxe, a suburb of Copenhagen, introduced a new lighting approach by installing red-spectrum (红色光谱) LED street lighting along a 700-meter stretch of Frederiksborgvej and the Farum cycle superhighway. (然而，有证据表明，这种人工照明会改变夜行野生动物的行为。为了解决这个问题，哥本哈根郊区Gladsaxe引入了一种新的照明方式，在700米长的Frederiksborgvej和Farum自行车高速公路上安装了红色光谱LED路灯。)”以及最后一段“The project is now being viewed as a potential model for other cities worldwide dealing with light pollution and its effects on wildlife, while demonstrating how urban design can be adapted to meet both human safety needs and environmental goals. (该项目现在被视为世界各地其他城市处理光污染及其对野生动物影响的潜在模式，同时展示了城市设计如何适应人类安全需求和环境目标。)”可知，文章主要讲述了哥本哈根郊区Gladsaxe通过安装红色光谱LED路灯来减少对野生动物的干扰，同时确保道路使用者的安全，为其他城市提供了潜在的模式。可知，C选项“红灯，安全夜”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 11 (2026·高三·浙江宁波市·二模) The ocean may appear boundless. It’s easy to imagine that fish and other ocean creatures swim freely without restriction. That assumption, however, is mistaken. According to ecologist Karissa Lear, many ocean species stick to specific habitats and seldom go beyond them. This habit can cause unexpectedly big problems, especially when human-built structures get in the way. Take, for example, the green sawfish living near the mouth of the Ashburton River in Western Australia. In 2017, a large structure was built by the shore, stretching about 550 yards into the sea. As Lear had feared, the construction did harm the critically endangered green sawfish — they were unable to pass around the barrier. To Lear, this discovery supported a surprising new idea that ocean animals, much like land species, need a helping hand getting around human-built structures. On land, wildlife crossings are becoming more common. Green bridges, for instance, help bears and elk avoid a road in Canada’s Banff National Park. In 2022, a wildlife crossing in Washington State was used more than 5,000 times by animals such as deer and coyotes. Although the bridges are already popular on land, Lear says little attention has been paid to the idea of wildlife crossings designed to help ocean animals get around safely. For ocean animals, too many barriers can cut them off from important feeding sites. Overly limited movement can lead to the development of isolated groups that are more likely to go extinct. With more large structures planned for the Ashburton River area, Lear says the cumulative (累积的) effect of multiple barriers is a real concern for the green sawfish’s future. As the climate continues to change, paying attention to the needs of ocean animals is important. Many are moving farther north, and they need suitable habitats to move through. To address this, we can create crossings through human-built structures or protect habitats along their migration routes. As we continue to engineer the ocean, such efforts could go a long way toward protecting ocean life. 1． How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By detailing research findings. B．By describing a natural scene. C．By addressing public concerns. D．By challenging a common belief. 2． What effect d$