主题13 宇宙探索-备战2026年中考英语话题复习（广东省卷专用）

**基本信息** 以“宇宙探索”主题为核心，构建“词汇夯实-语篇应用”的系统化训练体系，融合语言能力与文化意识培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇归纳|67词（含名词/形容词/短语）|主题分类词汇填空|按“宇宙探秘”“航天事业”主题整合核心词汇，构建话题词汇网络| |语法选择|1篇（10题）|语境化语法填空|依托太空种植情境，考查冠词/代词/时态等语法知识在语篇中的应用| |完形填空|1篇（10题）|叙事类完形|以太空食物发展历程为线索，考查上下文逻辑与词汇辨析能力| |阅读理解|4篇（20题）|多体裁语篇（新闻/说明/匹配）|涵盖中国航天进展、宇航员训练等真实话题，培养信息提取与推理能力| |读写综合|1篇（5问+1写作）|信息转述与书面表达|通过太空梦主题写作，实现语言输入到输出的能力转化|

备战2026年中考英语话题复习（广东省卷专用） 主题13 宇宙探索 词汇归纳 · 夯基础 宇宙探秘 名词： 1.地球 _______________ 2.月球 ______________ 3.星；恒星 ______________ 4.太阳 ______________ 5.火星__________________ 6.行星 ________________ 7.宇宙 __________________ 8.太空 ________________ 9.地面 ________________ 10.小山 _____________ 11.岩石 ______________ 12.表面 _________________ 13.压力 _________________ 14.条件 _________________ 15.温度 ____________________ 形容词： 16.明亮的 ____________________ 17.黑暗的 ____________ 18.危险的 ___________________ 19.空的 _______________ 20.巨大的_____________________ 21.有害的 ______________ 22.接近的_____________________ 23.远的 __________ 24.黑洞_____________________________ 航天事业 名词： 25.国家_____________________ 26.科学 ________________ 27.科学家 ___________________28.工程师 ________________ 29.宇航员 __________________ 30.先锋 _________________ 31.技术 __________________ 32.通信 _____________________ 33.训练 __________________ 34.任务 _____________ 35.项目 _________________ 36.实力；力量 ____________ 37.机器 ________________ 38.机器人 _______________ 39.火箭 ________________ 40.宇宙飞船_____________________ 41.太空行走_________________ 42.实验室 _______________ 43.宇航服 ___________________ 动词： 44.发现 ______________ 45.探索 _______________ 46.携带 _______________ 47.收集 _______________ 48.发明 _______________ 49.学习 _______________ 50.幸存 ________________ 51.修理 ________________ 形容词： 52.迅速的 ___________ 53.现代的 ________________ 兼类词： 54.着陆，降落；陆地 ______________ 55.检查 _______________ 56.研究 _______________ 57.发射火箭 _________________ 58.太空旅行 _________________ 59.空间站 _________________ 热考短语 60.回到，返回 ___________________ 61.状态良好 ______________________________ 62.开展 _____________________________ 63.寻找 ____________________ 64.经历(某事)_____________________ 65.冒险 ___________________ 66.将……送入太空 _________________________ 67.为……做好准备________________________________ 语篇研读 · 提能力 一、语法选择 The 2026 Spring Festival brought joy to families across China. 1 we celebrated the Spring Festival, Chinese astronauts on the Tiangong space station were also celebrating. They harvested fresh tomatoes in 2 “space vegetable garden”. The tomatoes grew 3 in space thanks to the special planting system. It turns water into small drops, which easily reach and feed the 4 roots (根). The system uses red and blue LED lights. They help plants grow well and save much energy. “The result is such 5 amazing scene that we have never seen before,” astronaut Zhang Hongzhang said. Astronauts grow vegetables 6 a special material instead of soil. It can take in water well. When they need to change the plants, they 7 easily take them away without causing any harm. Growing vegetables in space is not only a way 8 fresh food. It is also a 9 step for long-term space exploration. China 10 great progress in space farming in recent years. Scientists will keep trying. We believe astronauts can grow more kinds of food in space in the future. 1．A．When B．Since C．If 2．A．they B．them C．their 3．A．well B．better C．best 4．A．plants B．plant’s C．plants’ 5．A．a B．an C．the 6．A．at B．on C．in 7．A．can B．must C．should 8．A．get B．to get C．getting 9．A．success B．successful C．successfully 10．A．make B．made C．has made 二、完形填空 As humans began taking longer trips into space, eating and storing food became an important problem. The first person to go to space, Yuri Gagarin, was also the first to 11 there. His meal wasn’t very 12 because the food was put in a metal tube like toothpaste. It didn’t look or taste very good, but it showed that humans could eat in 13 . Later, American astronaut John Glenn discovered that eating in space was not as hard as people feared. However, there were only a few food 14 for them to choose from. Early astronauts had to eat small cubes of food, freeze-dried powders, and more food from tubes. They didn’t like the food 15 it looked strange. Also, small pieces of dry food could move around and 16 machines or even astronauts’ eyes. As space trips continued, space food was 17 . In the 1960s and 1970s, astronauts could use hot water to prepare their meals and eat with spoons. Later, when space stations were built, 18 improved greatly. Today, astronauts on the International Space Station have many kinds of food—they have dishes such as rice, noodles, fish, and fruit. However, until recently, no one actually cooked real food in space. Cooking in space is dangerous because fire and heat do not work the same way as they do on Earth. In November 2025, the situation became 19 in China’s Tiangong Space Station. Astronauts there used a special machine to cook food for the first time. They made barbecued chicken wings and beef. The machine can heat food to 190°C． It also keeps oil from 20 and prevents smoke. This success means astronauts can now enjoy cooked meals in space. It will make life among planets a little warmer and more like home. 11．A．sleep B．walk C．talk D．eat 12．A．pleasant B．cold C．simple D．bad 13．A．suits B．rockets C．space D．air 14．A．habits B．choices C．styles D．sizes 15．A．or B．so C．but D．because 16．A．start up B．turn off C．get into D．keep back 17．A．stored B．designed C．improved D．reduced 18．A．conditions B．relationships C．skills D．ecosystems 19．A．different B．clear C．difficult D．boring 20．A．shining B．returning C．catching D．spreading 三、阅读理解 A In 2026, China will make a lot of great progress in science and technology. Let’s have a look! On February 4, 2026, many Chinese cities held Start of Spring cultural activities with space themes. At the same time, Chinese space scientists kept working on the lunar exploration project (探月计划). They made new progress in the research of Chang’ e-6 lunar samples, which were brought back from the far side of the moon. During the 2026 Qingming Festival, Chinese ocean researchers carried out real scientific tasks in the South China Sea. They used the Shenhai Yongshi (Deep Sea Warrior) submersible to study deep-sea creatures and protect the ocean environment. This is a regular and true duty of Chinese ocean scientists. In 2026, Chinese astronauts on the Tiangong Space Station will continue their space experiments. They will share traditional Chinese festival culture with people on Earth. This is part of the real, official plan for China’s space station long-term operation. In 2026, China plans to send the Chang’e-7 probe to the moon’s south pole. It will search for water ice and study the lunar environment. This mission is officially announced by China’s space agency, and it matches the moon-watching tradition of the Mid-Autumn Festival. 21．What did scientists study on Start of Spring? A．Chang’e-6 lunar samples B．Mars photos C．Ocean plants D．Festival food 22．Where did Shenhai Yongshi work during Qingming? A．In space B．On the moon C．In the South China Sea D．At the North Pole (北极) 23．When will Chinese astronauts work and share Chinese culture in space? A．On Dragon Boat Festival B．On Start of Spring C．On Qingming Festival D．On Mid-Autumn Festival 24．Which probe will China send to the moon in 2026? A．Chang’e-7 B．Shenzhou-15 C．Tianwen-1 D．Fendouzhe 25．Where could we find this passage? A．A storybook. B．A novel. C．A diary. D．A newspaper. B Dark, cold and wet, a cave deep in the mountains of Wulong district, Chongqing, welcomed special visitors in winter. From December 2025 to January 2026, 28 astronauts joined China’s first cave-training mission, reported Xinhua. They were divided into four teams, with each team spending six days and five nights in the cave while carrying out tasks such as scientific research and basic life-support work. The cave environment shares many similarities with space. Astronauts are separated from the outside world, have very little room to move and have limited privacy or physical comfort. These conditions can be copied in special training areas, but nothing is better than the real experience and unexpected challenges of a natural cave, according to Beijing Daily. Inside the cave, the temperature stays at an average of about 8℃, and the humidity (湿度) reaches up to 99 percent. The cave has many narrow paths and steep rock walls, pushing astronauts to their physical limits. Sudden dangers, such as falling rocks or getting lost, help astronauts improve their quick-thinking and decision-making skills. Cave training also helps astronauts develop mental strength. Jiang Yuan, a psychological trainer for the astronauts, entered the cave herself during the early planning stage. “The biggest challenge for me was the darkness,” Jiang told Xinhua. “I lost track of time, my memory started to blur (变模糊) and my reactions slowed down.” Zhu Yangzhu, an astronaut who joined the cave training, also mentioned the strange quietness, similar to space. “We could hear our own heartbeat and breath,” he told CGTN after coming out of the cave. To help astronauts get used to life in the cave, Jiang and her team used group support methods. “The data we gathered will help guide future long-term space station missions and manned lunar missions.” Jiang told Xinhua. The European Space Agency (ESA) began studying the use of natural caves for astronaut training in 2005. Ye Guangfu took part in one of ESA’s cave training programs in Italy in 2016. “Compared with the European training, our support team intervened (干预) as little as possible,” Ye told Xinhua. This allows astronauts to trust their own instincts (直觉) and solve problems on their own, he added. 26．What is the key reason why a natural cave is better than special training areas for astronaut training? A．Its conditions are closer to those in real space. B．It costs less than specially built training areas. C．It gives trainees a more comfortable environment. D．It offers real experience and unplanned challenges. 27．What are the environmental conditions inside the cave according to the passage? A．Average temperature 8℃, humidity up to 99%. B．Average temperature 10℃, humidity up to 90%. C．Average temperature 5℃, humidity up to 95%. D．Average temperature 15℃, humidity up to 80%. 28．Why can sudden dangers in the cave help astronauts? A．Because they make astronauts stronger. B．Because they improve quick-thinking and decision-making skills. C．Because they teach astronauts to avoid risks. D．Because they increase physical fitness. 29．According to Ye, how was China’s cave training different from ESA’s training? A．It lasted longer per session. B．Its safety measures were more complete. C．Its support team was less involved. D．It was more physically challenging. 30．What is the main purpose of the cave training described in the passage? A．To test astronauts’ physical strength in extreme environments. B．To prepare astronauts for space missions by simulating real challenges. C．To compare Chinese training methods with European ones. D．To study the effects of darkness and humidity on the human body. C Light is wonderful and amazing. Light from the Sun is the most important of all. Stars give off their own light. The Moon does not make its own light. It can only reflect light from the Sun. Lightning goes through storm clouds, making a very bright light. People who live near the North and South Poles (南北极) sometimes can see the aurora (极光) in the sky. Some animals like fireflies (萤火虫) and many sea animals are able to give off light from themselves. Chemicals inside their bodies work together to make light. However, plenty of light we see every day does not come from nature, it is artificial light. Artificial light is important. It allows people to work and travel at night. Headlights on our cars allow us to see the road at night. Street lights help us to walk safely along the sidewalk. Airplanes take off and land on lighted runways. Artificial light makes our homes safer and more comfortable. It makes our lives easier and more fun. It makes us have fun activities such as movies, video games, and TV. Artificial light has another important job. It can be used to carry information from one place to another. Take a moment to notice light and enjoy its beauty and wonder. Go outside on a sunny day. Feel the warmth of the Sun on your skin. Look at the stars in the night sky. When staying indoors, count the number of artificial lights that you and your family use. 31．Which of the following gives off its own light? A．The Moon. B．The Sun. C．Storm clouds. D．The Earth. 32．How do fireflies and many sea animals make light? A．By looking at the stars. B．By reflecting the moonlight. C．By living near the poles. D．By using the chemicals in their bodies. 33．What does the underlined the word “artificial” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Bright. B．Special. C．Man-made. D．Handmade. 34．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．Light from street lights comes from nature. B．Artificial light is the most important of all. C．Natural light can be used to carry information. D．Artificial light is important and makes our life better. 35．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．The Wonder of Light B．The Use of Artificial Light C．Different Kinds of Light D．The Importance of Natural Light D 太空探索充满了奥秘，不同的人对太空有着不同的兴趣。请阅读左栏五个人的需求描述，为他们匹配最合适的太空相关活动或资源。 36 Leo is a big fan of space travel. He wants to be an astronaut one day. He is very interested in how astronauts live and work in space. 37 Maya loves looking at the sky at night. She wants to learn how to find stars and planets easily. 38 Sam likes history. He wants to know about the first men on the moon and old spaceships. 39 Chloe cares about the environment. She wants to learn about the trash in space and why it is bad. 40 David thinks there might be aliens. He wants to know how scientists look for new planets. A．Star Watching Night: Come to the school playground this Friday! Teachers will use telescopes to help you see the moon and bright stars. It is easy and fun. B．Search for New Worlds: This website shows pictures of new planets found by scientists. It tells you how they look for places where life could exist. C． Space History Museum: Visit our museum to see old photos of the first moon landing. You can also see real spacesuits and models of early rockets. D．Life in Space Video: Watch this short video to see how astronauts eat, sleep, and exercise on the space station. It shows their interesting daily life. E. Space Food Tasting Party: Try real astronaut food like dried fruit and space ice cream! Learn how scientists make food safe for space travel. F. Clean Space Project: Read this article to learn about “space junk.” It explains where the trash comes from and how it can hurt satellites. G. Rocket Building Workshop: Build your own paper rocket and learn about how rockets launch into space. Compete with friends to see whose rocket flies the farthest! 四、选词填空 at  if  and  can  much  cool  live  from  in  hot  around  a Maybe many people know the universe is very big. 41 you stand in space, you will see many beautiful stars, like the sun and other planets. And then, let’s recognize our solar system. There are eight planets in our solar system. They’re Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus 42 Neptune. The sun is very 43 . Its surface has 5600℃. Its gravitation (吸引力) is very strong. So the earth goes 44 sun. And the earth is our home. We’re 45 on the earth, and it is the 46 beautiful in the solar system. It has lots of water and plants. And the moon is the earth’s partner. It goes around the earth, and other planets are very far 47 the earth. So the people can’t reach them and none of them has 48 environment with air. People also 49 live on them. Finally, let’s see the sky 50 night. There are many beautiful and magical views in the universe. 五、读写综合 A．回答问题   请阅读以下短文，根据所提供的信息，回答问题，把答案写在答题卡指定的位置上。 For many people, touching the moon and getting closer to the stars is just a dream. However, 48 students from Gansu Province made this dream come true. They joined a 7-day camp and visited the Johnson Space Center in Houston. “At home, I have always wanted to know what it’s like to be on the moon and stars. I have touched the moon now.” said Ma Caixia excitedly, a fifth-grade girl, after touching a moon stone. “The astronauts looked just as I imagined. They looked so real. I played the game to touch the moon with a laser (激光器). The camp was a lot of fun,” said a student named He Yangkun. Gansu Aesthetic Education Promotion Association offered this chance to the students along with Future Sifang Group. Since 2007, the association has tried to give such chances to children from the poor countryside of Gansu by taking them to visit other countries to open their eyes. In January 2018, about 100 students from Gansu visited a famous American basketball team in Ohio. “We always think that arts and sports are very meaningful for children,” said the president of Gansu Aesthetic Education Promotion Association. “We want to open another window for children to take a look at the world.” 51．How many students visited the Johnson Space Center in Houston? _________________________________________________________ 52．How long did the camp last? _________________________________________________________ 53．Who is Ma Caixia? _________________________________________________________ 54．What did He Yangkun think of the camp? _________________________________________________________ 55．Why did Gansu Aesthetic Education Promotion Association offer the students the chance? ________________________________________________________ B．书面表达 56．根据要求完成短文写作，并将作文写在答题卡指定的位置上。 太空旅行对很多人来说是一个遥远的梦。如果有机会去太空，你最想在太空做什么呢？学校邀请了一位外国航天科学家到学校做讲座。你作为学生代表准备上台发言，请你根据以下思维导图内容提示，准备一篇发言稿。 注意： (1) 可在思维导图内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息。 (2) 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现真实校名和学生的真实姓名。 (3) 语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 My Space Dream Hello, everyone. I am Lin Hua. I’d like to share my space dream with you all. Travelling to space is always my dream._____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 备战2026年中考英语话题复习（广东省卷专用） 主题13 宇宙探索 词汇归纳 · 夯基础 宇宙探秘 名词： 1.地球 _______________ 2.月球 ______________ 3.星；恒星 ______________ 4.太阳 ______________ 5.火星__________________ 6.行星 ________________ 7.宇宙 __________________ 8.太空 ________________ 9.地面 ________________ 10.小山 _____________ 11.岩石 ______________ 12.表面 _________________ 13.压力 _________________ 14.条件 _________________ 15.温度 ____________________ 形容词： 16.明亮的 ____________________ 17.黑暗的 ____________ 18.危险的 ___________________ 19.空的 _______________ 20.巨大的_____________________ 21.有害的 ______________ 22.接近的_____________________ 23.远的 __________ 24.黑洞_____________________________ 航天事业 名词： 25.国家_____________________ 26.科学 ________________ 27.科学家 ___________________28.工程师 ________________ 29.宇航员 __________________ 30.先锋 _________________ 31.技术 __________________ 32.通信 _____________________ 33.训练 __________________ 34.任务 _____________ 35.项目 _________________ 36.实力；力量 ____________ 37.机器 ________________ 38.机器人 _______________ 39.火箭 ________________ 40.宇宙飞船_____________________ 41.太空行走_________________ 42.实验室 _______________ 43.宇航服 ___________________ 动词： 44.发现 ______________ 45.探索 _______________ 46.携带 _______________ 47.收集 _______________ 48.发明 _______________ 49.学习 _______________ 50.幸存 ________________ 51.修理 ________________ 形容词： 52.迅速的 ___________ 53.现代的 ________________ 兼类词： 54.着陆，降落；陆地 ______________ 55.检查 _______________ 56.研究 _______________ 57.发射火箭 _________________ 58.太空旅行 _________________ 59.空间站 _________________ 热考短语 60.回到，返回 ___________________ 61.状态良好 ______________________________ 62.开展 _____________________________ 63.寻找 ____________________ 64.经历(某事)_____________________ 65.冒险 ___________________ 66.将……送入太空 _________________________ 67.为……做好准备________________________________ 参考答案 宇宙探秘 名词 1. earth 2. moon 3. star 4. sun 5. Mars 6. planet 7. universe 8. space 9. ground 10. hill 11. rock 12. surface 13. pressure 14. condition 15. temperature 形容词 16. bright 17. dark 18. dangerous 19. empty 20. huge 21. harmful 22. close 23. far 24. black hole 航天事业 名词 25. country 26. science 27. scientist 28. engineer 29. astronaut 30. pioneer 31. technology 32. communication 33. training 34. task 35. project 36. power 37. machine 38. robot 39. rocket 40. spaceship 41. spacewalk 42. laboratory 43. spacesuit 动词 44. discover 45. explore 46. carry47. collect48. invent49. learn50. survive51. repair 形容词 52. fast 53. modern 兼类词 54. land 55. check56. research57. launch rockets 58. space travel 59. space station 热考短语 60. return to 61. in good condition 62. carry out 63. look for 64. go through 65. take risks 66. send...into space 67. get ready for 语篇研读 · 提能力 一、语法选择 The 2026 Spring Festival brought joy to families across China. 1 we celebrated the Spring Festival, Chinese astronauts on the Tiangong space station were also celebrating. They harvested fresh tomatoes in 2 “space vegetable garden”. The tomatoes grew 3 in space thanks to the special planting system. It turns water into small drops, which easily reach and feed the 4 roots (根). The system uses red and blue LED lights. They help plants grow well and save much energy. “The result is such 5 amazing scene that we have never seen before,” astronaut Zhang Hongzhang said. Astronauts grow vegetables 6 a special material instead of soil. It can take in water well. When they need to change the plants, they 7 easily take them away without causing any harm. Growing vegetables in space is not only a way 8 fresh food. It is also a 9 step for long-term space exploration. China 10 great progress in space farming in recent years. Scientists will keep trying. We believe astronauts can grow more kinds of food in space in the future. 1．A．When B．Since C．If 2．A．they B．them C．their 3．A．well B．better C．best 4．A．plants B．plant’s C．plants’ 5．A．a B．an C．the 6．A．at B．on C．in 7．A．can B．must C．should 8．A．get B．to get C．getting 9．A．success B．successful C．successfully 10．A．make B．made C．has made 二、完形填空 As humans began taking longer trips into space, eating and storing food became an important problem. The first person to go to space, Yuri Gagarin, was also the first to 11 there. His meal wasn’t very 12 because the food was put in a metal tube like toothpaste. It didn’t look or taste very good, but it showed that humans could eat in 13 . Later, American astronaut John Glenn discovered that eating in space was not as hard as people feared. However, there were only a few food 14 for them to choose from. Early astronauts had to eat small cubes of food, freeze-dried powders, and more food from tubes. They didn’t like the food 15 it looked strange. Also, small pieces of dry food could move around and 16 machines or even astronauts’ eyes. As space trips continued, space food was 17 . In the 1960s and 1970s, astronauts could use hot water to prepare their meals and eat with spoons. Later, when space stations were built, 18 improved greatly. Today, astronauts on the International Space Station have many kinds of food—they have dishes such as rice, noodles, fish, and fruit. However, until recently, no one actually cooked real food in space. Cooking in space is dangerous because fire and heat do not work the same way as they do on Earth. In November 2025, the situation became 19 in China’s Tiangong Space Station. Astronauts there used a special machine to cook food for the first time. They made barbecued chicken wings and beef. The machine can heat food to 190°C． It also keeps oil from 20 and prevents smoke. This success means astronauts can now enjoy cooked meals in space. It will make life among planets a little warmer and more like home. 11．A．sleep B．walk C．talk D．eat 12．A．pleasant B．cold C．simple D．bad 13．A．suits B．rockets C．space D．air 14．A．habits B．choices C．styles D．sizes 15．A．or B．so C．but D．because 16．A．start up B．turn off C．get into D．keep back 17．A．stored B．designed C．improved D．reduced 18．A．conditions B．relationships C．skills D．ecosystems 19．A．different B．clear C．difficult D．boring 20．A．shining B．returning C．catching D．spreading 三、阅读理解 A In 2026, China will make a lot of great progress in science and technology. Let’s have a look! On February 4, 2026, many Chinese cities held Start of Spring cultural activities with space themes. At the same time, Chinese space scientists kept working on the lunar exploration project (探月计划). They made new progress in the research of Chang’ e-6 lunar samples, which were brought back from the far side of the moon. During the 2026 Qingming Festival, Chinese ocean researchers carried out real scientific tasks in the South China Sea. They used the Shenhai Yongshi (Deep Sea Warrior) submersible to study deep-sea creatures and protect the ocean environment. This is a regular and true duty of Chinese ocean scientists. In 2026, Chinese astronauts on the Tiangong Space Station will continue their space experiments. They will share traditional Chinese festival culture with people on Earth. This is part of the real, official plan for China’s space station long-term operation. In 2026, China plans to send the Chang’e-7 probe to the moon’s south pole. It will search for water ice and study the lunar environment. This mission is officially announced by China’s space agency, and it matches the moon-watching tradition of the Mid-Autumn Festival. 21．What did scientists study on Start of Spring? A．Chang’e-6 lunar samples B．Mars photos C．Ocean plants D．Festival food 22．Where did Shenhai Yongshi work during Qingming? A．In space B．On the moon C．In the South China Sea D．At the North Pole (北极) 23．When will Chinese astronauts work and share Chinese culture in space? A．On Dragon Boat Festival B．On Start of Spring C．On Qingming Festival D．On Mid-Autumn Festival 24．Which probe will China send to the moon in 2026? A．Chang’e-7 B．Shenzhou-15 C．Tianwen-1 D．Fendouzhe 25．Where could we find this passage? A．A storybook. B．A novel. C．A diary. D．A newspaper. B Dark, cold and wet, a cave deep in the mountains of Wulong district, Chongqing, welcomed special visitors in winter. From December 2025 to January 2026, 28 astronauts joined China’s first cave-training mission, reported Xinhua. They were divided into four teams, with each team spending six days and five nights in the cave while carrying out tasks such as scientific research and basic life-support work. The cave environment shares many similarities with space. Astronauts are separated from the outside world, have very little room to move and have limited privacy or physical comfort. These conditions can be copied in special training areas, but nothing is better than the real experience and unexpected challenges of a natural cave, according to Beijing Daily. Inside the cave, the temperature stays at an average of about 8℃, and the humidity (湿度) reaches up to 99 percent. The cave has many narrow paths and steep rock walls, pushing astronauts to their physical limits. Sudden dangers, such as falling rocks or getting lost, help astronauts improve their quick-thinking and decision-making skills. Cave training also helps astronauts develop mental strength. Jiang Yuan, a psychological trainer for the astronauts, entered the cave herself during the early planning stage. “The biggest challenge for me was the darkness,” Jiang told Xinhua. “I lost track of time, my memory started to blur (变模糊) and my reactions slowed down.” Zhu Yangzhu, an astronaut who joined the cave training, also mentioned the strange quietness, similar to space. “We could hear our own heartbeat and breath,” he told CGTN after coming out of the cave. To help astronauts get used to life in the cave, Jiang and her team used group support methods. “The data we gathered will help guide future long-term space station missions and manned lunar missions.” Jiang told Xinhua. The European Space Agency (ESA) began studying the use of natural caves for astronaut training in 2005. Ye Guangfu took part in one of ESA’s cave training programs in Italy in 2016. “Compared with the European training, our support team intervened (干预) as little as possible,” Ye told Xinhua. This allows astronauts to trust their own instincts (直觉) and solve problems on their own, he added. 26．What is the key reason why a natural cave is better than special training areas for astronaut training? A．Its conditions are closer to those in real space. B．It costs less than specially built training areas. C．It gives trainees a more comfortable environment. D．It offers real experience and unplanned challenges. 27．What are the environmental conditions inside the cave according to the passage? A．Average temperature 8℃, humidity up to 99%. B．Average temperature 10℃, humidity up to 90%. C．Average temperature 5℃, humidity up to 95%. D．Average temperature 15℃, humidity up to 80%. 28．Why can sudden dangers in the cave help astronauts? A．Because they make astronauts stronger. B．Because they improve quick-thinking and decision-making skills. C．Because they teach astronauts to avoid risks. D．Because they increase physical fitness. 29．According to Ye, how was China’s cave training different from ESA’s training? A．It lasted longer per session. B．Its safety measures were more complete. C．Its support team was less involved. D．It was more physically challenging. 30．What is the main purpose of the cave training described in the passage? A．To test astronauts’ physical strength in extreme environments. B．To prepare astronauts for space missions by simulating real challenges. C．To compare Chinese training methods with European ones. D．To study the effects of darkness and humidity on the human body. Light is wonderful and amazing. Light from the Sun is the most important of all. Stars give off their own light. The Moon does not make its own light. It can only reflect light from the Sun. Lightning goes through storm clouds, making a very bright light. People who live near the North and South Poles (南北极) sometimes can see the aurora (极光) in the sky. Some animals like fireflies (萤火虫) and many sea animals are able to give off light from themselves. Chemicals inside their bodies work together to make light. However, plenty of light we see every day does not come from nature, it is artificial light. Artificial light is important. It allows people to work and travel at night. Headlights on our cars allow us to see the road at night. Street lights help us to walk safely along the sidewalk. Airplanes take off and land on lighted runways. Artificial light makes our homes safer and more comfortable. It makes our lives easier and more fun. It makes us have fun activities such as movies, video games, and TV. Artificial light has another important job. It can be used to carry information from one place to another. Take a moment to notice light and enjoy its beauty and wonder. Go outside on a sunny day. Feel the warmth of the Sun on your skin. Look at the stars in the night sky. When staying indoors, count the number of artificial lights that you and your family use. 31．Which of the following gives off its own light? A．The Moon. B．The Sun. C．Storm clouds. D．The Earth. 32．How do fireflies and many sea animals make light? A．By looking at the stars. B．By reflecting the moonlight. C．By living near the poles. D．By using the chemicals in their bodies. 33．What does the underlined the word “artificial” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Bright. B．Special. C．Man-made. D．Handmade. 34．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．Light from street lights comes from nature. B．Artificial light is the most important of all. C．Natural light can be used to carry information. D．Artificial light is important and makes our life better. 35．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．The Wonder of Light B．The Use of Artificial Light C．Different Kinds of Light D．The Importance of Natural Light C 太空探索充满了奥秘，不同的人对太空有着不同的兴趣。请阅读左栏五个人的需求描述，为他们匹配最合适的太空相关活动或资源。 36 Leo is a big fan of space travel. He wants to be an astronaut one day. He is very interested in how astronauts live and work in space. 37 Maya loves looking at the sky at night. She wants to learn how to find stars and planets easily. 38 Sam likes history. He wants to know about the first men on the moon and old spaceships. 39 Chloe cares about the environment. She wants to learn about the trash in space and why it is bad. 40 David thinks there might be aliens. He wants to know how scientists look for new planets. A．Star Watching Night: Come to the school playground this Friday! Teachers will use telescopes to help you see the moon and bright stars. It is easy and fun. B．Search for New Worlds: This website shows pictures of new planets found by scientists. It tells you how they look for places where life could exist. C． Space History Museum: Visit our museum to see old photos of the first moon landing. You can also see real spacesuits and models of early rockets. D．Life in Space Video: Watch this short video to see how astronauts eat, sleep, and exercise on the space station. It shows their interesting daily life. E. Space Food Tasting Party: Try real astronaut food like dried fruit and space ice cream! Learn how scientists make food safe for space travel. F. Clean Space Project: Read this article to learn about “space junk.” It explains where the trash comes from and how it can hurt satellites. G. Rocket Building Workshop: Build your own paper rocket and learn about how rockets launch into space. Compete with friends to see whose rocket flies the farthest! 四、选词填空 at  if  and  can  much  cool  live  from  in  hot  around  a Maybe many people know the universe is very big. 41 you stand in space, you will see many beautiful stars, like the sun and other planets. And then, let’s recognize our solar system. There are eight planets in our solar system. They’re Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus 42 Neptune. The sun is very 43 . Its surface has 5600℃. Its gravitation (吸引力) is very strong. So the earth goes 44 sun. And the earth is our home. We’re 45 on the earth, and it is the 46 beautiful in the solar system. It has lots of water and plants. And the moon is the earth’s partner. It goes around the earth, and other planets are very far 47 the earth. So the people can’t reach them and none of them has 48 environment with air. People also 49 live on them. Finally, let’s see the sky 50 night. There are many beautiful and magical views in the universe. 五、读写综合 A．回答问题   请阅读以下短文，根据所提供的信息，回答问题，把答案写在答题卡指定的位置上。 For many people, touching the moon and getting closer to the stars is just a dream. However, 48 students from Gansu Province made this dream come true. They joined a 7-day camp and visited the Johnson Space Center in Houston. “At home, I have always wanted to know what it’s like to be on the moon and stars. I have touched the moon now.” said Ma Caixia excitedly, a fifth-grade girl, after touching a moon stone. “The astronauts looked just as I imagined. They looked so real. I played the game to touch the moon with a laser (激光器). The camp was a lot of fun,” said a student named He Yangkun. Gansu Aesthetic Education Promotion Association offered this chance to the students along with Future Sifang Group. Since 2007, the association has tried to give such chances to children from the poor countryside of Gansu by taking them to visit other countries to open their eyes. In January 2018, about 100 students from Gansu visited a famous American basketball team in Ohio. “We always think that arts and sports are very meaningful for children,” said the president of Gansu Aesthetic Education Promotion Association. “We want to open another window for children to take a look at the world.” 51．How many students visited the Johnson Space Center in Houston? _________________________________________________________ 52．How long did the camp last? _________________________________________________________ 53．Who is Ma Caixia? _________________________________________________________ 54．What did He Yangkun think of the camp? _________________________________________________________ 55．Why did Gansu Aesthetic Education Promotion Association offer the students the chance? ________________________________________________________ B．书面表达 56．根据要求完成短文写作，并将作文写在答题卡指定的位置上。 太空旅行对很多人来说是一个遥远的梦。如果有机会去太空，你最想在太空做什么呢？学校邀请了一位外国航天科学家到学校做讲座。你作为学生代表准备上台发言，请你根据以下思维导图内容提示，准备一篇发言稿。 注意： (1) 可在思维导图内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息。 (2) 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现真实校名和学生的真实姓名。 (3) 语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 My Space Dream Hello, everyone. I am Lin Hua. I’d like to share my space dream with you all. Travelling to space is always my dream._____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 一、 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文介绍了2026年春节中国航天员在天宫空间站的“太空菜园”中成功收获番茄，这是中国太空生命研究的一大步，文章还解释了太空种植所需的水系统和光照系统。 1．句意：当我们在庆祝春节的时候，天宫空间站的中国宇航员们也在庆祝。 此处是when引导的时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。 2．句意：他们在他们的太空蔬菜园里收获了新鲜的番茄。 此处需要一个形容词性物主代词来修饰“space vegetable garden”，their他们的，符合语法。 3．句意：番茄在太空长得很好，多亏了特殊的种植系统。 此处需要一个副词来修饰动词“grew”，表示长得好，well好，副词，符合语法。 4．句意：它把水变成小水滴，很容易到达并滋养植物的根。 这里需要名词所有格来表示“植物的”，根据前文“The tomatoes grew...”可知，植物plants为复数名词，它的所有格的正确形式是plants’。 5．句意：结果是我们以前从未见过的，如此令人惊叹的场景。 此处需要一个不定冠词来表示“如此令人惊叹”，amazing以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。 6．句意：宇航员用一种特殊材料来种植蔬菜而不是用土。 表示“在某种材料里种植”，用介词in。 7．句意：当他们需要更换植物时，他们可以轻松地把它们移走而不会造成任何伤害。 此处要表达“能够、可以”，can能、可以，符合语境。 8．句意：在太空中种植蔬菜不只是获得新鲜食物的一种方式。 “a way to do sth”是固定搭配，表示做某事的一种方式，故使用不定式to get作定语。 9．句意：它也是长期的太空探索中成功的一步。 此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词“step”，成功的形容词形式是successful成功的。 10．句意：近年来中国在太空农业方面取得了巨大的进步。 根据时间状语“in recent years”可知，是“已经取得了进步”，应使用现在完成时，主语China是单数，故使用has made。 二、 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D 16．C 17．C 18．A 19．A 20．D 【导语】本文介绍了太空食品从早期管状糊状食物到如今在空间站真实现煮的发展历程，以及中国天宫空间站首次实现太空烹饪的突破。 11．句意：第一个进入太空的人尤里·加加林也是第一个在那里吃饭的人。 上文提到吃和储存食物是重要问题，说明加加林是第一个“吃饭”的人，eat“吃饭”符合。sleep“睡觉”，walk“走路”，talk“说话”，均与食物问题无关。 12．句意：他的食物不太可口。 下文食物装在金属管里像牙膏，说明“不好吃”，pleasant“令人愉快的，可口的”符合，且为否定形式not very pleasant。cold“冷的”，simple“简单的”，bad“坏的”，均与口感描述不符。 13．句意：但它表明了人类可以在太空中进食。 上文在太空中吃饭，说明进食地点是“太空”，space“太空”符合。suits“套装”，rockets“火箭”，air“空气”，均与进食地点不符。 14．句意：然而，只有少数食物选择可供他们挑选。 上文说约翰·格伦发现吃饭没那么难，但可选食物很少，说明只有少数“选择”，choices“选择”符合。habits“习惯”，styles“风格”，sizes“尺寸”，均与可选种类不符。 15．句意：他们不喜欢这些食物，因为它们看起来奇怪。 前后句为因果关系，不喜欢“因为”奇怪，because“因为”符合。or“或者”表选择，so“所以”表结果，but“但是”表转折，均与因果逻辑不符。 16．句意：干粮的小碎片可能会四处飘动，进入机器甚至宇航员的眼睛。 上文干粮碎片会飘动，说明会“进入”机器和眼睛，get into“进入”符合。start up“启动”，turn off“关闭”，keep back“阻止”，均与进入机器不符。 17．句意：随着太空旅行的继续，太空食品得到了改进。 下文从用热水准备到种类增多，说明食品“改进”了，improved“改进”符合。stored“储存”，designed“设计”，reduced“减少”，均与进步不符。 18．句意：后来，当空间站建成时，条件大大改善了。 上文技术发展，空间站建成后生活和工作“条件”改善，conditions“条件”符合。relationships“关系”，skills“技能”，ecosystems“生态系统”，均与太空生活条件不符。 19．句意：2025年11月，中国天宫空间站的情况变得不同了。 下文首次用特殊机器烹饪，说明情况变得“不同”，different“不同的”符合。clear“清晰的”，difficult“困难的”，boring“无聊的”，均与突破性变化不符。 20．句意：这台机器还能防止油飞溅，并阻止烟雾产生。 太空失重环境中，烹饪时油烟会飞溅漫延，说明机器能防止油“飞溅”，spreading“扩散，飞溅”符合。shining“闪耀”，returning“返回”，catching“抓住”，均与油的行为不符。 三、 21．A 22．C 23．A 24．A 25．D 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍2026年我国多项科技成就，涵盖探月工程、深海科考、空间站任务等领域，展现中国航天与深海科技的飞速发展。 21．根据原文立春板块内容“They made new progress in the research of Chang’e-6 lunar samples ”可知，科学家在立春期间研究的是嫦娥六号月球样本。 22．根据原文清明节板块内容“Chinese ocean researchers carried out real scientific tasks in the South China Sea. They used Shenhai Yongshi (Deep Sea Warrior) submersible... ”可知，“深海勇士”号潜水器在中国南海开展作业。 23．根据原文端午节板块内容“In 2026, Chinese astronauts on the Tiangong Space Station will continue their space experiments. They will share traditional Chinese festival culture with people on Earth.”可知，中国航天员会在端午节于太空开展工作、传播中国文化。 24．根据原文中秋节板块内容“In 2026, China plans to send the Chang’e-7 probe to the moon’s south pole.”可知，中国2026年计划发射前往月球的探测器是嫦娥七号。 25．本文全篇介绍2026年中国在航天、深海领域的各项科技规划与最新成就，属于时事新闻科普内容。 26．D 27．A 28．B 29．C 30．B 【导语】本文讲述了航天员们如何在重庆武隆的一个天然洞穴中，经历了一场模拟太空环境的“地心历险记”。 26．文章第三段“These conditions can be copied in special training areas, but nothing is better than the real experience and unexpected challenges of a natural cave”明确提到，人工特殊训练区可以模拟洞穴环境，但天然洞穴最好的优点是能提供真实体验和不可预测的突发挑战。 27．文章第四段第一句“Inside the cave, the temperature stays at an average of about 8℃, and the humidity reaches up to 99 percent.”直接给出洞穴环境数据：平均温度约8℃，湿度高达99%。 28．文章第四段最后一句“Sudden dangers, such as falling rocks or getting lost, help astronauts improve their quick-thinking and decision-making skills.”明确说明，洞穴中的突发危险可以帮助宇航员提升快速思考和决策能力。 29．文章最后一段“Compared with the European training, our support team intervened as little as possible”叶光富的描述：和欧洲训练相比，中国训练的支持团队尽可能少干预，也就是支持团队参与度更低。 30．文章通篇都在讲述洞穴训练如何模拟太空环境（黑暗、隔离、危险），以及这种训练如何帮助航天员提升能力以应对未来的太空任务（如空间站任务、登月任务）。 31．B 32．D 33．C 34．D 35．A 【导语】本文围绕光的奇妙与多样展开，先介绍自然界的光，说明其天然的形成与存在形式；再讲述人造光的重要性，介绍它在夜间工作出行、生活安全舒适、娱乐活动、信息传递等方面的作用；最后呼吁读者留意光、感受光的美好与神奇，全文既涵盖自然光与人造光的种类、成因，也凸显了光对自然和人类生活的重要意义。 31．第一段第2-4句“Light from the Sun is the most important of all. Stars give off their own light. The Moon does not make its own light.”原文明确说明太阳、星星能自行发光，月亮不能，直接提取原文信息。 32．第一段最后两句“Chemicals inside their bodies work together to make light.”直接说明这类生物能自己发光的原因是体内的化学物质共同作用产生光，直接提取原文信息。 33．第二段第1句“However, plenty of light we see every day does not come from nature, it is artificial light.”划线词前的转折词However衔接前文的自然光，且句子明确说明这种光not come from nature“并非来自自然”，由此可推断词义为“人造的”。 34．第二段首句直接说“Artificial light is important”，后续又介绍它让夜间工作出行成为可能、让家更安全舒适、让生活更便捷有趣、还能传递信息，均体现“让生活变得更好”，与原文内容完全契合，直接提取。 35．文章开头直接点题“Light is wonderful and amazing”，后文既介绍自然光的多样奇妙，也讲人造光的重要作用，最后呼吁感受光的美好与神奇，“光的奇妙”能涵盖全文核心。 36．D 37．A 38．C 39．F 40．B 【导语】本文介绍了五个人的不同太空兴趣需求，以及七个太空相关活动或资源的介绍，需要为每人匹配最合适的选项。 【详解】36．Leo是太空旅行的超级粉丝，想成为宇航员，对宇航员在太空的生活和工作非常感兴趣。D选项“Life in Space Video”介绍通过短视频了解宇航员在空间站如何吃饭、睡觉和锻炼，展示了有趣的日常生活，与Leo的需求匹配。 37．Maya喜欢夜晚看天空，想学习如何轻松找到星星和行星。A选项“Star Watching Night”介绍老师将用望远镜帮助观看月亮和亮星，既简单又有趣，与Maya的需求匹配。 38．Sam喜欢历史，想了解第一批登月的人和老式飞船。C选项“Space History Museum”介绍参观博物馆可以看到首次登月的老照片、真实的宇航服和早期火箭模型，与Sam的需求匹配。 39．Chloe关心环境，想了解太空中的垃圾及其危害。F选项“Clean Space Project”介绍阅读文章了解“太空垃圾”，解释垃圾的来源以及如何损坏卫星，与Chloe的需求匹配。 40．David认为可能有外星人，想了解科学家如何寻找新行星。B选项“Search for New Worlds”介绍网站展示科学家发现的新行星图片，并介绍如何寻找可能存在生命的地方，与David的需求匹配。 四、 41．If 42．and 43．hot 44．around 45．living 46．most 47．from 48．an 49．can’t/cannot 50．at 【导语】本文介绍了宇宙的浩瀚，太阳系八大行星，太阳的特点，地球作为人类家园的特殊性，以及其他星球无法居住的原因。 41．句意：如果你站在太空中，你会看到许多美丽的星星，比如太阳和其他行星。此处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，备选词if，连词，句首首字母大写，在句中作连词引导条件状语从句，符合语境。 42．句意：它们是水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星和海王星。此处连接并列的行星名称，表示并列关系，备选词and，连词，在句中作连词连接并列成分，符合语境。 43．句意：太阳非常热。根据后文“Its surface has 5600°C”可知，此处表示“热的”，备选词hot，形容词，在句中作表语，符合语境。 44．句意：所以地球绕着太阳转。go around是固定搭配，意为“绕着……转”，备选词around，介词，在句中构成介词短语作状语，符合语境。 45．句意：我们生活在地球上，它是太阳系中最美丽的。live on the earth是固定搭配，意为“生活在地球上”，句子为现在进行时，结构为be+现在分词，备选词live，动词，其现在分词形式living，在句中作谓语，符合语境。 46．句意：我们生活在地球上，它是太阳系中最美丽的。the+形容词最高级，备选词much，副词，其最高级形式most，构成the most beautiful，意为“最美丽的”，在句中作定语修饰beautiful，符合语境。 47．句意：月球绕着地球转，其他行星离地球很远。far from是固定搭配，意为“离……远”，备选词from，介词，在句中构成介词短语作表语，符合语境。 48．句意：所以人们无法到达它们，而且它们中没有一个有带空气的环境。此处表示“一个”，environment以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an，备选词a，不定冠词，其变体an，在句中作定语修饰environment，符合语境。 49．句意：人们也不能生活在它们上面。根据前文“the people can’t reach them”可知，此处表示“不能”，备选词can，情态动词，其否定形式can’t/cannot，在句中作情态动词，符合语境。 50．句意：最后，让我们看看夜晚的天空。at night是固定搭配，意为“在晚上”，备选词at，介词，在句中构成介词短语作状语，符合语境。 五、 51．Forty-eight students./48./Forty-eight. 52．It lasted seven days./For seven days. 53．She is a fifth-grade girl (from Gansu). 54．He thought it was fun. 55．To open another window for children to see the world. 56．例文： My Space Dream Hello, everyone. I am Lin Hua. I’d like to share my space dream with you all. Travelling to space is always my dream. I’m interested in space because it’s amazing and full of mysteries. I hope to know more about stars and planets. If I have a chance to go to space, I will do many meaningful things. First, I want to look at our beautiful Earth from space. Second, I will watch bright stars quietly in the sky. Third, I will take photos of the wonderful space world. To make my dream come true, I will study hard from now on. I believe my space dream will come true one day. 【导语】本文讲述了甘肃省48名学生参加为期7天的太空夏令营，前往休斯顿约翰逊航天中心参观并触摸月球岩石的经历，介绍了甘肃省美育促进协会自2007年以来为农村孩子提供出国开拓视野机会的初衷。 51．第一段提到“However, 48 students from Gansu Province made this dream come true. They joined a 7-day camp and visited the Johnson Space Center in Houston.”，说明有48名学生参观了休斯顿的约翰逊航天中心。 52．第一段提到“They joined a 7-day camp”，说明夏令营持续了7天。 53．第二段提到“said Ma Caixia excitedly, a fifth-grade girl”，说明马彩霞是一名五年级的女孩。 54．第三段提到“The camp was a lot of fun”，说明何阳坤认为夏令营很有趣。 55．最后一段提到“We want to open another window for children to take a look at the world.”，说明协会提供这次机会是为了给孩子们打开另一扇看世界的窗户。 56．写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：发言稿，时态为一般现在时和一般将来时 明确要点：包含三个方面——对太空感兴趣的原因、想在太空做什么、如何实现梦想 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称；要点齐全；可适当发挥 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 第一段：自我介绍，引出太空梦想及对太空感兴趣的原因 第二段：描述如果有机会去太空想做的事情 第三段：说明如何实现梦想，表达信心 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：自我介绍与梦想 兴趣原因：amazing/full of mysteries/want to know more about stars and planets/like adventure 要点二：想在太空做的事 第一件：look at our beautiful Earth from space/see the blue planet 第二件：watch bright stars quietly in the sky/enjoy the peaceful starry view 第三件：take photos of the wonderful space world/record the amazing view 要点三：如何实现梦想 实际行动：study hard from now on/learn more about space 信心表达：I believe my space dream will come true one day/As long as you work hard, you will succeed 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $