主题11 自然生态，环境保护-备战2026年中考英语话题复习（广东省卷专用）

备战2026年中考英语话题复习（广东省卷专用） 主题11 自然生态，环境保护 词汇归纳 · 夯基础 自然生态 动物 名词： 1. 熊_______ 2. 昆虫_________ 3. 大象__________ 4. 狐狸_________ 5. 马___________ 6. 猴子__________ 7. 熊猫___________ 8. 蛇___________ 9. 狼_________ 10. 鲸___________ 11. 蜜蜂________ 12. 动物__________ 动词： 13. 喂养；养活_________ 14. 伤害________ 　 15. 幸存；存活_________ 形容词： 16. 野生的________ 17. 饥饿的_________ 植物 名词： 18. 花____________ 19. 花园____________ 20. 棉花____________ 21. 森林____________ 22. 草；草地___________ 动词： 23. 栽种；种植___________ 24. 生长__________ 25. 死亡；凋谢_________ 形容词： 26. 绿色的___________ 27. 天然的_____________ 自然环境 名词： 28. 地区；地域__________ 29. 地面____________ 30. 山丘；小山__________ 31. 岛____________ 32. 湖泊__________ 33. 陆地；大地__________ 34. 自然____________ 35. 海洋_________________ 36. 河流___________ 37. 行星____________ 38. 沙子__________ 39. 土壤____________ 40. 沙漠____________ 41. 环境_________________ 42. 风景；景色____________ 自然环境 动词： 43. 探索；考察_________ 44. 提供_________________ 形容词：45. 深的__________ 46. 宽的__________ 47. 巨大的_________________ 48. 安静的___________ 49. 舒服的_________________ 气候变化 名词： 50. 空气________________ 51. 天气_____________ 52. 气体_______________ 53. 火__________ 54. 灾害_______________ 55. 条件_______________ 动词： 56. 上升_______________ 57. 吹__________ 58. 下雨__________ 59. 燃烧__________ 形容词： 60. 清新的___________ 61. 有风的_____________ 62. 晴朗的____________ 63. 多云的____________ 64. 下雨的___________ 65. 暖和的__________ 66. 干旱的_________ 67. 潮湿的_________ 环境污染 名词： 68. 噪音_________ 69. 垃圾__________________ 70. 浪费；垃圾___________ 71. 伤害__________ 72. 风险__________ 　 73. 状况_______________ 74. 工厂_____________ 75. 烟___________ 76. 气味；臭味___________ 环境保护 名词： 77. 能源____________ 78. 法律_________ 79. 计划；方案________ 80. 关注；注意力____________ 81. 化学品_________________ 动词： 82. 清理___________ 83. 保护_____________ 84. 重复使用___________ 85. 回收利用_____________ 86. 支持_____________ 87. 保持；持续____________ 88. 控制_____________ 89. 停止__________ 90. 拯救__________ 91. 收集_____________ 形容词：102. 负责任的_________________ 103. 光明的____________ 热考短语 104. 气候变化_________________　 105. 温室效应_______________________　　 106. ……的数量______________________ 107. 丢掉________________　　　　　　　 108. 砍倒；减少______________ 109. 导致________________________　　　　 110. 对……友好____________________ 111. 采取行动_________________　 112. 参加__________________ 113. 解决问题_______________________ 114. 关灯_________________________ 115. 有影响；起作用_______________________ 参考答案 自然生态 动物 名词 1. bear 2. insect 3. elephant 4. fox 5. horse 6. monkey 7. panda 8. snake 9. wolf 10. whale 11. bee 12. animal 动词 13. feed 14. hurt 15. survive 形容词 16. wild 17. hungry 植物 名词 18. flower 19. garden 20. cotton 21. forest 22. grass 动词 23. plant 24. grow 25. die 形容词 26. green 27. natural 自然环境 名词 28. area 29. ground 30. hill 31. island 32. lake 33. land 34. nature 35. ocean/sea 36. river 37. planet 38. sand 39. soil 40. desert 41. environment 42. scenery 动词 43. explore 44. provide 形容词 45. deep 46. wide 47. huge 48. quiet 49. comfortable 气候变化 名词 50. air 51. weather 52. gas 53. fire 54. disaster 55. condition 动词 56. rise 57. blow 58. rain 59. burn 形容词 60. fresh 61. windy 62. sunny 63. cloudy 64. rainy 65. warm 66. dry 67. wet 环境污染 名词 68. noise 69. rubbish 70. waste 71. harm 72. risk 73. situation 74. factory 75. smoke 76. smell 环境保护 名词 77. energy 78. law 79. plan 80. attention 81. chemical 动词 82. clean 83. protect 84. reuse 85. recycle86. support 87. keep 88. control 89. stop 90. save 91. collect 形容词 102. responsible 103. bright 热考短语 104. climate change 105. greenhouse effect 106. the number of 107. throw away 108. cut down 109. lead to 110. be friendly to 111. take action 112. take part in 113. solve problems 114. turn off the lights 115. make a difference 语篇研读 · 提能力 一、语法选择 Tom is a warm-hearted middle school student who cares about environmental protection. Last month, his class started 1 program called “Green School” to encourage low-carbon living (低碳生活) in school. He often works 2 his classmates to collect waste paper and plastic bottles after class. At first, some students didn’t understand the meaning of this activity. 3 Tom patiently explained the importance of protecting the environment, they all joined in actively. Then, they 4 to make handicrafts (手工艺品) from waste materials by their art teacher. Tom’s plastic bottle flower was 5 than any other work in his group. His teacher praised him for his creativity and encouraged everyone to reuse waste in daily life. He felt proud of 6 achievement. His head teacher often asks the class to share 7 they have done in the activity every Friday. Tom always shares his experience 8 with his classmates, and everyone likes listening to his stories. Tom will continue this volunteer work next term because he wants 9 more for the green school. He says all 10 can try their best to protect the environment, as small efforts can make a big difference. He hopes that one day, every corner of the school will be filled with green and love for nature. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．to B．with C．of 3．A．Though B．If C．After 4．A．taught B．are taught C．were taught 5．A．nice B．nicer C．the nicest 6．A．he B．him C．his 7．A．what B．who C．where 8．A．careful B．carefully C．careless 9．A．to do B．doing C．done 10．A．student B．students C．students’ 二、完形填空 Environmental protection has become a hot topic around the world. There are many problems to be solved, and many countries are taking 11 to protect our planet. Desertification (沙漠化) is a serious problem in many places, including China. China is making great 12 to reduce its desert areas. One of these efforts is the change in Qizi Bay in Hainan Province. Qizi Bay was once a desert, and when a storm came, the air was filled with 13 . This was a big problem for local people. To 14 this situation, a team of local women worked hard to plant trees in the area. It was not an easy 15 because of the difficult environment. But after many years of hard work, they finally 16 it, and now millions of trees grow in Qizi Bay. Another problem is plastic pollution. Plastic is very 17 in our daily lives, but it causes a lot of harm. Scientists even 18 that one day there may be more plastic than fish in the sea. Many countries are trying to fix this problem. New Zealand is trying to 19 plastic waste by not allowing shops to provide single-use plastic bags. Germany has been running a recycling program to encourage people to return plastic bottles. All these efforts give us 20 for a greener planet. If we work together, we can make a big difference and create a better future for everyone. 11．A．breaks B．action C．exercise D．notes 12．A．efforts B．mistakes C．choices D．friends 13．A．water B．leaves C．sand D．clouds 14．A．improve B．fit C．keep D．spread 15．A．direction B．task C．subject D．festival 16．A．canceled B．achieved C．voted D．pushed 17．A．useful B．harmful C．expensive D．safe 18．A．worry B．expect C．dream D．suggest 19．A．collect B．reduce C．encourage D．support 20．A．stress B．trouble C．order D．hope 三、阅读理解 A End Plastic Pollution ▲ Our planet is very special. We must look after it. We must also protect the animals and plants that live on Earth. However, plastic pollution is a serious problem. It is harming our Earth and many animals. Everyone can help solve it.What Can We Do? There are lots of things we can do to help: Don’t have plastic straws (吸管) in drinks. Fill up a water bottle, don’t buy a new one. Say no to plastic shopping bags. 21．What must we look after according to the text? A．The plastic. B．The forests. C．The soil. D．The planet. 22．Where does the thrown-away plastic end up? A．In cities and towns. B．In oceans and rivers. C．In deserts and fields. D．In farms and gardens. 23．How many ways can we help to end plastic pollution? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 24．Which of the following can be suitable in ▲ ? A．No rules, no order! B．Seeing is believing. C．Practice makes perfect. D．Small changes, big help! 25．In which part of a magazine can we probably read the passage? A．Art. B．Sports. C．Environment. D．Interview. B Every day, we hear about new inventions. Some help us communicate better, some make travel faster, and some keep us healthier. But when it comes to the environment, we must ask: Are inventions always a good thing? On the one hand, ▲ . For example, scientists have invented special machines that can clean up plastic waste from the ocean. There are also new kinds of batteries (电池) that can be used again and again, so we don’t have to throw them away. In some countries, people use buses that run on electricity instead of gas. These inventions show that humans can use technology to help the Earth. On the other hand, not all inventions are kind to the environment. To make a new smartphone, factories need to take rare metals (稀有金属) from the ground. This process can destroy forests and pollute rivers. Also, when people discard old phones or computers because they are out of fashion or broken, they become part of e-waste (电子垃圾). This kind of waste is hard to recycle and can hurt the soil and water. In my opinion, inventions can be a friend or an enemy to the environment. It all depends on the choices we make. If we invent things with the Earth in mind, we can have both progress and a clean planet. For example, we can design phones that are easier to repair, so people don’t need to buy new ones every year. We can also build factories that use clean energy and produce less waste. 26．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．inventions make our life easier and faster B．inventions need teamwork C．inventions are important for many reasons D．many inventions are created to protect nature 27．What does the underlined word “discard” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Find out. B．Put away. C．Hand out. D．Throw away. 28．What is the writer’s opinion on inventions? A．Inventions are useless if they cost a lot of money. B．People should use as many new inventions as possible. C．Good inventions should be helpful for the development of factories. D．People should think about the environment when inventing and using things. 29．What is the structure (结构) of this text? (①=Paragraph 1...) A． B． C． D． 30．What is the best title for the text? A．New Inventions in Our Daily Life B．Ways to Protect the Environment C．Inventions and the Environment D．Inventions and Daily Life C Electronic waste, or e-waste, is old electronic devices that people throw away, such as old computers, phones, TVs, as well as all kinds of other electronics. While electronics make life easier, they aren’t good for the environment. As new products come out, many old ones are thrown away, instead of being recycled. The chemicals (化学物质) inside them may be a great danger to the environment. If they get into the ground or water, the pollution can cause serious problems. Besides, most electronics require rare metals(属), which must be mined (开采) from the earth. Often the mining process creates serious pollution. Researchers are trying to make people know about the problems of e-waste. They studied a kind of e-waste that’s often not noticed because people don’t think these things are electronics. Researchers call this kind “invisible” e-waste. The study showed that about 1/6 of all e-waste is “invisible” and that the value of this unseen waste is about $9.5 billion a year. Such e-waste weighs about 9 billion kilograms. Surprisingly, toys were at the top of the invisible e-waste list. Worldwide, around 7.3 billion electronic toys are thrown away each year. But the problem is far larger than just toys. The study also showed that some invisible e-waste also comes from things like home alarms, smoke alarms, and power tools. Researchers hope that more people will make much greater efforts to make sure electronics get recycled. 31．What is e-waste according to the passage? A．Old phones and TVs. B．New electronic devices. C．Electronics that still work. D．Old electronics thrown away. 32．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The development of electronic products. B．The number of electronics used by people. C．The main materials used to make electronics. D．The environmental problems caused by electronics. 33．What does the underlined word “invisible” mean in Chinese? A．隐形的 B．智能的 C．精致的 D．危险的 34．According to the study, which kind of invisible e-waste is the largest in number? A．Old computers. B．Electronic toys. C．Home alarms. D．Power tools. 35．What’s the main purpose of the passage? A．To tell people the importance of electronics. B．To teach people how to repair old electronics. C．To show that electronics are becoming more expensive. D．To ask people to pay attention to e-waste and recycle more. D 配对阅读。左栏是五个常见关键问题，右栏是七则环保建议，请将问题与建议进行匹配。 36 We often see rubbish on the playground. It makes the environment untidy and dirty. 37 In the toilet, some students leave the tap (水龙头) running after washing their hands. It wastes a lot of water. 38 In the classroom, many students use a lot of paper and then throw it away. 39 Sometimes, students leave the lights on in the classroom even when no one is there, which wastes electricity unnecessarily. 40 When we are shopping, many students use plastic bags and throw them way. This causes a lot of plastic waste and it is bad for the environment. A．We can put up signs to remind everyone to turn off the lights when they leave the classroom. This can save electricity. B．I think we should actively use reusable cloth bags and glass bottles instead of plastic ones. This simple change can reduce plastic waste pollution. C． Put some bins near the playground. We should throw rubbish into the bins to keep the school clean. We can recycle some of the rubbish if possible. D．We can plant trees around the school to make the air cleaner and create a greener environment for everyone to enjoy. E. Water is very important for our planet. We must develop good habits like turning off the tap after using it and remind others to do the same. F. To cut down air pollution, we should take a bus or take the subway instead of driving. G. I often recycle paper and use both sides of it. Maybe we should all use paper that way. We can also take used paper to the recycling center. 四、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 carry  protect  plant  final  village  bad  year  we  but  for Last weekend, our class organized a meaningful trip. We went to a small 41 to help with some farm work. Early on Saturday morning, we all met at the school gate excitedly. However, the weather was much 42 than we had hoped—the sky was covered with gray clouds. After a two-hour bus ride, we 43 arrived there. The local children were really friendly and welcomed us with warm smiles. Our main task for the day was to plant trees on a nearby hill to help 44 the soil (土壤). It was certainly hard work, 45 every one of us worked with great effort. I was responsible for 46 the young trees to different places, while my friend Tom dug holes with a shovel (铁锹). By the time the sun began to set, we had 47 more than fifty young trees. Seeing the new forest we had created with our own hands, we were filled with a strong sense of pride. This hands-on experience taught 48 a lesson about the importance of teamwork and environmental protection. It was more than just a one-day trip; it was a valuable lesson 49 our growth. We all hope that these trees will grow into a strong forest, a place full of care and natural beauty for the community to enjoy for 50 . What a meaningful day it was! 五、读写综合 A.回答问题 A new plan for a park has been shown in Madrid (马德里), the capital of Spain, which could lower temperatures in the surrounding area by as much as 7.2°F. The park is expected to be completed in 2025. It will include a “wind garden” with tall structures covered in green plants such as mosses (苔藓). These plants will catch winds, cool them down and move them around the park. Elsewhere in the park, trees will create cool areas and special systems will water the plants to reduce temperatures. The park’s designers said that as the park and garden could create cooler air, nearby streets would cool down too. This way to cool a city was inspired (启发) by ancient techniques in Middle Eastern countries, where the cool air was redirected into homes. “The entire park will be a forest that will function as an air-conditioner,” said Fernando Porras-Isla, one of the park’s designers. Madrid has gotten hotter in recent years due to climate change. This summer, Spain is experiencing some of its worst heat waves in more than 40 years, with temperatures reaching as high as 116°F. Other Spanish cities are also finding creative ways to lower temperatures, adding water fountains (喷泉) and more green and cool areas. 51．When is the park expected to be completed? ___________________________________________ 52．How will the green plants on the tall structures work? ___________________________________________ 53．Why would nearby streets cool down according to the park’s designers? ___________________________________________ 54．What inspired the way to cool a city? ___________________________________________ 55．What are other Spanish cities doing to lower temperatures? ___________________________________________ B．书面表达 56.如今, 地球面临严峻的环境问题：全球变暖，空气污染，水污染，土壤退化等等。作为中学生，我们的力量确实微小，但只要我们每个人积极行动，从身边力所能及的小事做起，也一定能为保护地球贡献自己的力量。请以“小行动，大改变”为题写一篇短文。 注意: (1)可在思维导图内容提示的基础上释放拓展信息。 (2)意思连贯，语句通顺，语法正确。 (3)80词左右。 Small Actions, Big Changes The earth is now facing severe environmental problems______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 一、 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文讲述热心环保的中学生Tom参与班级“绿色学校”项目，和同学收集废品、用废料做手工艺品等环保行动，还分享经验鼓励大家践行环保的故事。   1．句意：上个月，他的班级启动了一个叫“绿色学校”的项目，以鼓励学校里的低碳生活。 program是可数名词单数，表“一个项目”需用不定冠词；program以辅音音素开头，故用a。 2．句意：他经常课后和同学一起收集废纸和塑料瓶。 此处表“和同学一起”，work with sb.是固定搭配，意为“和某人一起工作”，with符合语境。 3．句意：在Tom耐心解释环保的重要性之后，他们都积极参与了。 结合逻辑，“解释”后“参与”，用After引导时间状语从句。 4．句意：然后，他们的美术老师教他们用废料做手工艺品。 主语they与teach是被动关系，此处描述过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态were taught。 5．句意：Tom的塑料瓶花比小组里其他任何作品都更漂亮。 由than可知需用比较级，nice的比较级是nicer。 6．句意：他为自己的成就感到骄傲。 achievement是名词，需用形容词性物主代词修饰，his符合“他的成就”。 7．句意：班主任每周五让班级分享在活动中做了什么。 share后接宾语从句，从句中done缺宾语，用what表“做的事情”。 8．句意：Tom总是认真地和同学分享经验，大家都爱听他的故事。 share是动词，需用副词修饰；carefully是副词，表“认真地”。 9．句意：Tom下学期要继续做志愿工作，因为他想为绿色学校做更多事。 want to do sth.是固定结构，意为“想要做某事”，故用to do。 10．句意：他说所有学生都能尽力保护环境，小努力也能有大影响。 all后接可数名词复数，student的复数是students。 二、 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．B 16．B 17．A 18．A 19．B 20．D 【导语】本文主要讲了全球面临的两大环境问题——沙漠化和塑料污染，以及各国为应对这些问题所采取的努力和行动。 11．句意：有许多问题需要解决，许多国家正在采取行动来保护我们的地球。 环境问题需要采取行动去解决。固定短语“take action”，表示“采取行动”。 12．句意：中国正在做出巨大的努力来减少其沙漠面积。 减少沙漠面积需要做出努力。固定短语“make great efforts”，表示“做出巨大努力”。efforts“努力”符合语境。 13．句意：棋子湾曾经是一片沙漠，当风暴来临时，空气中充满了沙子。 “when a storm came, the air was filled with”可知，风暴来临时空气中通常是“沙子”。sand“沙子”符合语境。 14．句意：为了改善这种状况，一群当地妇女努力在该地区植树。 植树是为了“改善”沙漠化的状况。improve意为“改善”，符合语境。 15．句意：由于环境恶劣，这不是一件容易的任务。 植树治沙是一项“任务”。task意为“任务”，符合语境。 16．句意：但经过多年的努力，他们终于成功了，现在棋子湾生长着数百万棵树。 “and now millions of trees grow in Qizi Bay”说明他们成功了。achieved“成功/实现”符合语境。 17．句意：塑料在我们的日常生活中非常有用，但它也造成了很多危害。 后文“but it causes a lot of harm”转折说明塑料带来了危害，此处应说明塑料的正面属性。useful“有用的”符合语境。 18．句意：科学家甚至担心有一天海洋中的塑料可能会比鱼还多。 空后“that one day there may be more plastic than fish in the sea”所说的事情是未来某一天可能会发生的不好的事，所以此处是“担忧”。worry“担忧”符合语境。 19．句意：新西兰正试图通过禁止商店提供一次性塑料袋来减少塑料废物。 “by not allowing shops to provide single-use plastic bags”可知，通过这种方式是为了减少塑料垃圾。reduce“减少”符合语境。 20．句意：所有这些努力都给了我们对一个更绿色星球的希望。 此处表示对未来的积极期待。hope“希望”符合语境。 三、 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．C 【导语】本文介绍了塑料污染的形成过程、对海洋生物的危害，并列举了减少塑料污染的实用方法，呼吁大家行动起来保护地球环境。 【详解】21．原文提到“Our planet is very special. We must look after it.”，说明我们必须保护的对象是我们的星球。 22．根据左侧流程图的关键信息“It ends up in oceans and rivers.”，可知被丢弃的塑料最终会进入海洋与河流。 23．在“What Can We Do?”部分，文中列出了三条减少塑料污染的建议，分别是不用塑料吸管、重复使用水瓶、拒绝塑料购物袋，共三种方法。 24．右侧内容介绍了减少塑料污染的具体小行动，这些微小的改变能为环保带来积极帮助，“Small changes, big help!”契合段落主题。 25．本文围绕塑料污染、环境保护主题展开，这类内容通常出现在杂志的“Environment”板块。 26．D 27．D 28．D 29．B 30．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了发明与环境之间的关系，指出有些发明对环境有益，有些则有害，关键在于人们的选择，强调发明和使用东西时应考虑环境。 26．第二段提到“For example, scientists have invented special machines that can clean up plastic waste from the ocean...These inventions show that humans can use technology to help the Earth.”，列举了清理海洋塑料垃圾的机器、可重复使用的电池、电动公交车等发明，说明很多发明是为了保护自然，所以D选项“many inventions are created to protect nature”可填入文中▲处。 27．第三段提到“Also, when people discard old phones or computers because they are out of fashion or broken, they become part of e-waste (电子垃圾).”，根据语境，人们因为手机或电脑过时或坏了就把它们变成电子垃圾，可知“discard”意思是“扔掉”，与“Throw away”意思相符。 28．最后一段提到“In my opinion, inventions can be a friend or an enemy to the environment. It all depends on the choices we make. If we invent things with the Earth in mind, we can have both progress and a clean planet.”，说明作者认为人们发明和使用东西时应该考虑环境。 29．第一段引出话题，提出关于发明对环境是否总是有益的疑问；第二、三段分别从发明对环境有益和有害两方面进行阐述；第四段表明作者观点，即发明可以是环境的朋友或敌人，取决于人们的选择，所以文章结构是①/②③/④。 30．文章主要围绕发明与环境的关系展开讨论，C选项“Inventions and the Environment”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为标题。 31．D 32．D 33．A 34．B 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了电子垃圾（e-waste）的定义、危害，以及常被忽视的“隐形电子垃圾”问题，呼吁人们重视电子垃圾回收，减少其对环境的破坏。 31．根据文章第一段中“Electronic waste, or e-waste, is old electronic devices that people throw away, such as old computers, phones, TVs, as well as all kinds of other electronics.”可知，电子垃圾是指人们丢弃的旧电子设备，与D项“Old electronics thrown away.”表述一致。 32．文章第二段主要讲述了电子垃圾带来的环境问题：被丢弃的电子产品中的化学物质会污染土壤和水源，电子产品所需稀有金属的开采过程也会造成严重污染，与D项“The environmental problems caused by electronics.”表述一致。 33．根据文章第三段中“They studied a kind of e-waste that’s often not noticed because people don’t think these things are electronics. Researchers call this kind ‘invisible’ e-waste.”可知，这类电子垃圾常被人们忽视，因此“invisible”在文中的意思是“隐形的、不易被察觉的”。 34．根据文章第四段中“Surprisingly, toys were at the top of the invisible e-waste list. Worldwide, around 7.3 billion electronic toys are thrown away each year.”可知，电子玩具是隐形电子垃圾中数量最多的类别。 35．根据文章最后一段“Researchers hope that more people will make much greater efforts to make sure electronics get recycled.”点明了写作目的：呼吁人们重视电子垃圾问题，做好回收工作，减少环境污染，对应D项。 36．C 37．E 38．G 39．A 40．B 【导语】本文围绕校园中常见的环保问题，给出了多项环保建议，旨在引导学生关注环境保护，养成良好的行为习惯。 36．根据“We often see rubbish on the playground.”可知，操场上经常有垃圾，环境显得脏乱。C选项直接针对垃圾乱扔的问题提出了解决办法，与该部分内容相符。 37．根据“In the toilet, some students leave the tap running after washing their hands.”可知，部分学生洗手后不关水龙头，浪费水资源。E选项针对浪费水的问题提出了具体的行为建议，与该部分主题契合。 38．根据“In the classroom, many students use a lot of paper and then throw it away.”可知，学生在教室里大量使用纸张并随意丢弃，造成浪费。G选项针对纸张浪费提出了回收和节约使用的建议，符合该部分内容 39．根据“Sometimes, students leave the lights on in the classroom even when no one is there, which wastes electricity unnecessarily.”可知，学生有时离开教室不关灯，造成电力浪费。A选项直接针对浪费电的问题提出了解决办法，与该部分主题相符。 40．根据“When we are shopping, many students use plastic bags and throw them away. This causes a lot of plastic waste and it is bad for the environment.”可知，学生在购物时使用塑料袋并随意丢弃，造成塑料污染。B选项针对塑料垃圾问题提出了替代方案，与该部分内容一致。 四、 41．village 42．worse 43．finally 44．protect/to protect 45．but 46．carrying 47．planted 48．us 49．for 50．years 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者班级组织的一次有意义的旅行，他们去一个小村庄帮忙做农活，主要任务是植树保护土壤，通过这次经历作者学到了团队合作和环境保护的重要性，希望这些树能长成森林供社区享受。 41．句意：我们去了一个小村庄帮忙做一些农活。根据后文“The local children”可知，是去了一个有当地孩子的地方，结合所给词，“village”符合语境，表示“村庄”。 42．句意：然而，天气比我们希望的要糟糕得多——天空布满了灰色的云。根据“the sky was covered with gray clouds”可知，天气状况不好，且“than”表示比较，应用“bad”的比较级“worse”。 43．句意：经过两个小时的巴士车程，我们终于到达了那里。根据“After a two-hour bus ride”可知，经过长时间的车程后最终到达，“finally”表示“最终”，符合语境。 44．句意：我们当天的主要任务是在附近的山上植树，以帮助保护土壤。根据“plant trees”和“the soil”可知，植树是为了保护土壤，“protect”表示“保护”，符合语境，且“help (to) do sth”表示“帮助做某事”，故填(to) protect。 45．句意：这当然是艰苦的工作，但我们每个人都非常努力地工作。根据“It was certainly hard work”和“every one of us worked with great effort”可知，前后是转折关系，“but”表示“但是”，符合语境。 46．句意：我负责把小树搬到不同的地方，而我的朋友汤姆用铁锹挖洞。根据“the young trees to different places”可知，是把小树搬到不同地方，“carry”表示“搬运”，且“be responsible for doing sth”表示“负责做某事”，应用“carry”的动名词形式“carrying”。 47．句意：当太阳开始落山时，我们已经种了五十多棵小树。根据“more than fifty young trees”可知，是种了五十多棵树，“plant”表示“种植”，且“had”后接过去分词构成过去完成时，“plant”的过去分词是“planted”。 48．句意：这次亲身经历给我们上了一堂关于团队合作和环境保护重要性的课。根据“a lesson about the importance of teamwork and environmental protection”可知，是给我们上了一课，“we”的宾格是“us”，作“taught”的宾语。 49．句意：这不仅仅是一天的旅行；它对我们的成长来说是一堂宝贵的课。根据“a valuable lesson”和“our growth”可知，是对我们成长有益的课，“for”表示“对于”，符合语境。 50．句意：我们都希望这些树能长成一片茂密的森林，一个充满关爱和自然美景的地方，供社区多年来享受。根据“for the community to enjoy”可知，是供社区多年享受，“year”表示“年”，此处应用复数形式“years”，“for years”表示“多年来”。 五、 51．In 2025 52．These plants will catch winds, cool them down and move them around the park. 53．Because the park and garden could create cooler air. 54．Ancient techniques in Middle Eastern countries, where the cool air was redirected into homes. 55．They are adding water fountains and more green and cool areas. 56．例文 The earth is now facing severe environmental problems like global warming, air and water pollution, and soil degradation. As middle school students, though our power may seem small, we can still make a difference. Firstly, we can plant trees. Planting trees can make our environment clean and beautiful. Secondly, choose greener ways of traveling. Walk or ride bikes for short-distance trips instead of taking cars. Thirdly, we should reduce the use of plastic bags, which are harmful to the environment. Small as these actions are, they can accumulate to bring significant changes to our planet. Let’s start now and contribute to protecting the earth. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了西班牙首都马德里展示的一个公园新规划。 51．根据“The park is expected to be completed in 2025.”可知，公园预计完成的时间是2025年。故填In 2025. 52．根据“These plants will catch winds, cool them down and move them around the park.”可知，文中直接阐述了这些高大结构上的绿色植物的作用，即捕捉风、使风降温并在公园内扩散风。故填These plants will catch winds, cool them down and move them around the park. 53．根据“The park’s designers said that as the park and garden could create cooler air, nearby streets would cool down too.”可知，公园设计师说由于公园和花园能够创造更凉爽的空气，所以附近的街道也会降温。故填Because the park and garden could create cooler air. 54．根据“This way to cool a city was inspired (启发) by ancient techniques in Middle Eastern countries, where the cool air was redirected into homes.”可知，文中指出这种给城市降温的方法是受到中东国家古老技术的启发，是将冷空气引入家中。故填Ancient techniques in Middle Eastern countries, where the cool air was redirected into homes. 55．根据“Other Spanish cities are also finding creative ways to lower temperatures, adding water fountains (喷泉) and more green and cool areas.”可知，文中说明了其他西班牙城市为降低温度所采取的措施是增添喷泉以及更多绿色和凉爽的区域。故填They are adding water fountains and more green and cool areas. 56．[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为一般现在时； ③提示：写作要点已给出，注意不要遗漏提示中的要点，可适当添加细节，并突出写作要点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，按题目要求说明现在环境的现状。 第二步，举例说明如何保护环境并呼吁大家要保护环境。 [亮点词汇] ①make a difference 产生影响 ②instead of 而不是 ③are harmful to 对……有害 [高分句型] ①As middle school students, though our power may seem small, we can still make a difference.（though引导让步状语从句） ②Thirdly, we should reduce the use of plastic bags, which are harmful to the environment.（which引导的非限制性定语从句） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 备战2026年中考英语话题复习（广东省卷专用） 主题11 自然生态，环境保护 词汇归纳 · 夯基础 自然生态 动物 名词： 1. 熊_______ 2. 昆虫_________ 3. 大象__________ 4. 狐狸_________ 5. 马___________ 6. 猴子__________ 7. 熊猫___________ 8. 蛇___________ 9. 狼_________ 10. 鲸___________ 11. 蜜蜂________ 12. 动物__________ 动词： 13. 喂养；养活_________ 14. 伤害________ 　 15. 幸存；存活_________ 形容词： 16. 野生的________ 17. 饥饿的_________ 植物 名词： 18. 花____________ 19. 花园____________ 20. 棉花____________ 21. 森林____________ 22. 草；草地___________ 动词： 23. 栽种；种植___________ 24. 生长__________ 25. 死亡；凋谢_________ 形容词： 26. 绿色的___________ 27. 天然的_____________ 自然环境 名词： 28. 地区；地域__________ 29. 地面____________ 30. 山丘；小山__________ 31. 岛____________ 32. 湖泊__________ 33. 陆地；大地__________ 34. 自然____________ 35. 海洋_________________ 36. 河流___________ 37. 行星____________ 38. 沙子__________ 39. 土壤____________ 40. 沙漠____________ 41. 环境_________________ 42. 风景；景色____________ 自然环境 动词： 43. 探索；考察_________ 44. 提供_________________ 形容词：45. 深的__________ 46. 宽的__________ 47. 巨大的_________________ 48. 安静的___________ 49. 舒服的_________________ 气候变化 名词： 50. 空气________________ 51. 天气_____________ 52. 气体_______________ 53. 火__________ 54. 灾害_______________ 55. 条件_______________ 动词： 56. 上升_______________ 57. 吹__________ 58. 下雨__________ 59. 燃烧__________ 形容词： 60. 清新的___________ 61. 有风的_____________ 62. 晴朗的____________ 63. 多云的____________ 64. 下雨的___________ 65. 暖和的__________ 66. 干旱的_________ 67. 潮湿的_________ 环境污染 名词： 68. 噪音_________ 69. 垃圾__________________ 70. 浪费；垃圾___________ 71. 伤害__________ 72. 风险__________ 　 73. 状况_______________ 74. 工厂_____________ 75. 烟___________ 76. 气味；臭味___________ 环境保护 名词： 77. 能源____________ 78. 法律_________ 79. 计划；方案________ 80. 关注；注意力____________ 81. 化学品_________________ 动词： 82. 清理___________ 83. 保护_____________ 84. 重复使用___________ 85. 回收利用_____________ 86. 支持_____________ 87. 保持；持续____________ 88. 控制_____________ 89. 停止__________ 90. 拯救__________ 91. 收集_____________ 形容词：102. 负责任的_________________ 103. 光明的____________ 热考短语 104. 气候变化_________________　 105. 温室效应_______________________　　 106. ……的数量______________________ 107. 丢掉________________　　　　　　　 108. 砍倒；减少______________ 109. 导致________________________　　　　 110. 对……友好____________________ 111. 采取行动_________________　 112. 参加__________________ 113. 解决问题_______________________ 114. 关灯_________________________ 115. 有影响；起作用_______________________ 语篇研读 · 提能力 一、语法选择 Tom is a warm-hearted middle school student who cares about environmental protection. Last month, his class started 1 program called “Green School” to encourage low-carbon living (低碳生活) in school. He often works 2 his classmates to collect waste paper and plastic bottles after class. At first, some students didn’t understand the meaning of this activity. 3 Tom patiently explained the importance of protecting the environment, they all joined in actively. Then, they 4 to make handicrafts (手工艺品) from waste materials by their art teacher. Tom’s plastic bottle flower was 5 than any other work in his group. His teacher praised him for his creativity and encouraged everyone to reuse waste in daily life. He felt proud of 6 achievement. His head teacher often asks the class to share 7 they have done in the activity every Friday. Tom always shares his experience 8 with his classmates, and everyone likes listening to his stories. Tom will continue this volunteer work next term because he wants 9 more for the green school. He says all 10 can try their best to protect the environment, as small efforts can make a big difference. He hopes that one day, every corner of the school will be filled with green and love for nature. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．to B．with C．of 3．A．Though B．If C．After 4．A．taught B．are taught C．were taught 5．A．nice B．nicer C．the nicest 6．A．he B．him C．his 7．A．what B．who C．where 8．A．careful B．carefully C．careless 9．A．to do B．doing C．done 10．A．student B．students C．students’ 二、完形填空 Environmental protection has become a hot topic around the world. There are many problems to be solved, and many countries are taking 11 to protect our planet. Desertification (沙漠化) is a serious problem in many places, including China. China is making great 12 to reduce its desert areas. One of these efforts is the change in Qizi Bay in Hainan Province. Qizi Bay was once a desert, and when a storm came, the air was filled with 13 . This was a big problem for local people. To 14 this situation, a team of local women worked hard to plant trees in the area. It was not an easy 15 because of the difficult environment. But after many years of hard work, they finally 16 it, and now millions of trees grow in Qizi Bay. Another problem is plastic pollution. Plastic is very 17 in our daily lives, but it causes a lot of harm. Scientists even 18 that one day there may be more plastic than fish in the sea. Many countries are trying to fix this problem. New Zealand is trying to 19 plastic waste by not allowing shops to provide single-use plastic bags. Germany has been running a recycling program to encourage people to return plastic bottles. All these efforts give us 20 for a greener planet. If we work together, we can make a big difference and create a better future for everyone. 11．A．breaks B．action C．exercise D．notes 12．A．efforts B．mistakes C．choices D．friends 13．A．water B．leaves C．sand D．clouds 14．A．improve B．fit C．keep D．spread 15．A．direction B．task C．subject D．festival 16．A．canceled B．achieved C．voted D．pushed 17．A．useful B．harmful C．expensive D．safe 18．A．worry B．expect C．dream D．suggest 19．A．collect B．reduce C．encourage D．support 20．A．stress B．trouble C．order D．hope 三、阅读理解 A End Plastic Pollution ▲ Our planet is very special. We must look after it. We must also protect the animals and plants that live on Earth. However, plastic pollution is a serious problem. It is harming our Earth and many animals. Everyone can help solve it.What Can We Do? There are lots of things we can do to help: Don’t have plastic straws (吸管) in drinks. Fill up a water bottle, don’t buy a new one. Say no to plastic shopping bags. 21．What must we look after according to the text? A．The plastic. B．The forests. C．The soil. D．The planet. 22．Where does the thrown-away plastic end up? A．In cities and towns. B．In oceans and rivers. C．In deserts and fields. D．In farms and gardens. 23．How many ways can we help to end plastic pollution? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 24．Which of the following can be suitable in ▲ ? A．No rules, no order! B．Seeing is believing. C．Practice makes perfect. D．Small changes, big help! 25．In which part of a magazine can we probably read the passage? A．Art. B．Sports. C．Environment. D．Interview. B Every day, we hear about new inventions. Some help us communicate better, some make travel faster, and some keep us healthier. But when it comes to the environment, we must ask: Are inventions always a good thing? On the one hand, ▲ . For example, scientists have invented special machines that can clean up plastic waste from the ocean. There are also new kinds of batteries (电池) that can be used again and again, so we don’t have to throw them away. In some countries, people use buses that run on electricity instead of gas. These inventions show that humans can use technology to help the Earth. On the other hand, not all inventions are kind to the environment. To make a new smartphone, factories need to take rare metals (稀有金属) from the ground. This process can destroy forests and pollute rivers. Also, when people discard old phones or computers because they are out of fashion or broken, they become part of e-waste (电子垃圾). This kind of waste is hard to recycle and can hurt the soil and water. In my opinion, inventions can be a friend or an enemy to the environment. It all depends on the choices we make. If we invent things with the Earth in mind, we can have both progress and a clean planet. For example, we can design phones that are easier to repair, so people don’t need to buy new ones every year. We can also build factories that use clean energy and produce less waste. 26．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．inventions make our life easier and faster B．inventions need teamwork C．inventions are important for many reasons D．many inventions are created to protect nature 27．What does the underlined word “discard” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Find out. B．Put away. C．Hand out. D．Throw away. 28．What is the writer’s opinion on inventions? A．Inventions are useless if they cost a lot of money. B．People should use as many new inventions as possible. C．Good inventions should be helpful for the development of factories. D．People should think about the environment when inventing and using things. 29．What is the structure (结构) of this text? (①=Paragraph 1...) A． B． C． D． 30．What is the best title for the text? A．New Inventions in Our Daily Life B．Ways to Protect the Environment C．Inventions and the Environment D．Inventions and Daily Life C Electronic waste, or e-waste, is old electronic devices that people throw away, such as old computers, phones, TVs, as well as all kinds of other electronics. While electronics make life easier, they aren’t good for the environment. As new products come out, many old ones are thrown away, instead of being recycled. The chemicals (化学物质) inside them may be a great danger to the environment. If they get into the ground or water, the pollution can cause serious problems. Besides, most electronics require rare metals(属), which must be mined (开采) from the earth. Often the mining process creates serious pollution. Researchers are trying to make people know about the problems of e-waste. They studied a kind of e-waste that’s often not noticed because people don’t think these things are electronics. Researchers call this kind “invisible” e-waste. The study showed that about 1/6 of all e-waste is “invisible” and that the value of this unseen waste is about $9.5 billion a year. Such e-waste weighs about 9 billion kilograms. Surprisingly, toys were at the top of the invisible e-waste list. Worldwide, around 7.3 billion electronic toys are thrown away each year. But the problem is far larger than just toys. The study also showed that some invisible e-waste also comes from things like home alarms, smoke alarms, and power tools. Researchers hope that more people will make much greater efforts to make sure electronics get recycled. 31．What is e-waste according to the passage? A．Old phones and TVs. B．New electronic devices. C．Electronics that still work. D．Old electronics thrown away. 32．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The development of electronic products. B．The number of electronics used by people. C．The main materials used to make electronics. D．The environmental problems caused by electronics. 33．What does the underlined word “invisible” mean in Chinese? A．隐形的 B．智能的 C．精致的 D．危险的 34．According to the study, which kind of invisible e-waste is the largest in number? A．Old computers. B．Electronic toys. C．Home alarms. D．Power tools. 35．What’s the main purpose of the passage? A．To tell people the importance of electronics. B．To teach people how to repair old electronics. C．To show that electronics are becoming more expensive. D．To ask people to pay attention to e-waste and recycle more. D 配对阅读。左栏是五个常见关键问题，右栏是七则环保建议，请将问题与建议进行匹配。 36 We often see rubbish on the playground. It makes the environment untidy and dirty. 37 In the toilet, some students leave the tap (水龙头) running after washing their hands. It wastes a lot of water. 38 In the classroom, many students use a lot of paper and then throw it away. 39 Sometimes, students leave the lights on in the classroom even when no one is there, which wastes electricity unnecessarily. 40 When we are shopping, many students use plastic bags and throw them way. This causes a lot of plastic waste and it is bad for the environment. A．We can put up signs to remind everyone to turn off the lights when they leave the classroom. This can save electricity. B．I think we should actively use reusable cloth bags and glass bottles instead of plastic ones. This simple change can reduce plastic waste pollution. C． Put some bins near the playground. We should throw rubbish into the bins to keep the school clean. We can recycle some of the rubbish if possible. D．We can plant trees around the school to make the air cleaner and create a greener environment for everyone to enjoy. E. Water is very important for our planet. We must develop good habits like turning off the tap after using it and remind others to do the same. F. To cut down air pollution, we should take a bus or take the subway instead of driving. G. I often recycle paper and use both sides of it. Maybe we should all use paper that way. We can also take used paper to the recycling center. 四、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 carry  protect  plant  final  village  bad  year  we  but  for Last weekend, our class organized a meaningful trip. We went to a small 41 to help with some farm work. Early on Saturday morning, we all met at the school gate excitedly. However, the weather was much 42 than we had hoped—the sky was covered with gray clouds. After a two-hour bus ride, we 43 arrived there. The local children were really friendly and welcomed us with warm smiles. Our main task for the day was to plant trees on a nearby hill to help 44 the soil (土壤). It was certainly hard work, 45 every one of us worked with great effort. I was responsible for 46 the young trees to different places, while my friend Tom dug holes with a shovel (铁锹). By the time the sun began to set, we had 47 more than fifty young trees. Seeing the new forest we had created with our own hands, we were filled with a strong sense of pride. This hands-on experience taught 48 a lesson about the importance of teamwork and environmental protection. It was more than just a one-day trip; it was a valuable lesson 49 our growth. We all hope that these trees will grow into a strong forest, a place full of care and natural beauty for the community to enjoy for 50 . What a meaningful day it was! 五、读写综合 A.回答问题 A new plan for a park has been shown in Madrid (马德里), the capital of Spain, which could lower temperatures in the surrounding area by as much as 7.2°F. The park is expected to be completed in 2025. It will include a “wind garden” with tall structures covered in green plants such as mosses (苔藓). These plants will catch winds, cool them down and move them around the park. Elsewhere in the park, trees will create cool areas and special systems will water the plants to reduce temperatures. The park’s designers said that as the park and garden could create cooler air, nearby streets would cool down too. This way to cool a city was inspired (启发) by ancient techniques in Middle Eastern countries, where the cool air was redirected into homes. “The entire park will be a forest that will function as an air-conditioner,” said Fernando Porras-Isla, one of the park’s designers. Madrid has gotten hotter in recent years due to climate change. This summer, Spain is experiencing some of its worst heat waves in more than 40 years, with temperatures reaching as high as 116°F. Other Spanish cities are also finding creative ways to lower temperatures, adding water fountains (喷泉) and more green and cool areas. 51．When is the park expected to be completed? ___________________________________________ 52．How will the green plants on the tall structures work? ___________________________________________ 53．Why would nearby streets cool down according to the park’s designers? ___________________________________________ 54．What inspired the way to cool a city? ___________________________________________ 55．What are other Spanish cities doing to lower temperatures? ___________________________________________ B．书面表达 56.如今, 地球面临严峻的环境问题：全球变暖，空气污染，水污染，土壤退化等等。作为中学生，我们的力量确实微小，但只要我们每个人积极行动，从身边力所能及的小事做起，也一定能为保护地球贡献自己的力量。请以“小行动，大改变”为题写一篇短文。 注意: (1)可在思维导图内容提示的基础上释放拓展信息。 (2)意思连贯，语句通顺，语法正确。 (3)80词左右。 Small Actions, Big Changes The earth is now facing severe environmental problems______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $