Unit 1 Back to school单元知识点 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版必修第一册

该高中英语导学案聚焦必修一Unit 1核心知识，涵盖Reading、Grammar及Extended reading模块的重点词汇、短语、句型和语法点。通过词缀规律（如-ly表副词、-ing表形容词）、词汇变形（如potential→potentially）建立前后知识联系，搭建从基础词汇到语法应用的学习支架。 资料特色在于系统整合词汇拓展（含辨析、搭配及变形）、句型与语法深度解析（如倒装句、动名词作主语），并结合名校真题设计习题。助力学生提升语言能力（词汇应用与语法理解），培养思维品质（逻辑分析与辨析能力），强化学习能力（自主练习与方法总结）。

必修一 Unit 1知识点 必修一U1【Reading语法】 ●Reading RWords 1. potential n.【U】潜力，可能性，电势，潜质 adj. 潜在的，可能的 【变形】potentially adv. 潜在地，可能地 -ly a. 表形容词，通常加在名词后 lovely 可爱的 (love 爱) friendly 友好的 (friend 朋友) otherworldly 超世俗的 (otherworld 超世) costly 昂贵的 (cost 昂贵) ad. 表副词，通常加在形容词后 (另见-able/-ably) extremely 过分的 (extreme 极端的) probably 可能地 (probable 可能的) gloriously 光荣地 (glorious 光荣的) 【拓展】 ★have/show potential for sth/ to do sth 有…的潜力/有做某事的潜能 achieve/fulfil/reach/realize one’s (full) potential 发挥/实现某人的(全部) 潜能 the potential for (doing) sth. ......的可能性 commercial potential 商业潜力 ★a potential customer/buyer 潜在客户/买家 a potential disaster 可能发生的灾难 potential benefits/problems 潜在利益/问题 ◎This young athlete has great potential and could potentially become a champion. ◎The European marketplace offers excellent potential for increasing sales. ◎The house has a lot of potential. 【习题】 【2022一中高一上期末】All children should _________________ (encourage) to realize their full potential. 【2-2025长郡高一上期中】She said, “ _________________ (fall) is part of any new potential. I’ll help her to skate!” 【2-2025长郡高一上期中】Living under the same roof with parents from two cultures and _________________(experience) the differences and potential tensions between them are interesting for me. 【2-2025雅礼高一上期中】You will most certainly gain valuable advice on how to achieve your mental potential _________________(full). 2. senior adj. 中学的;级别高的;高级水平的;老年的 n. 级别(或地位)较高者；较年长者；高水平运动员 【拓展】 ★be senior to sb. 　 　 级别高于某人;年长于某人 be senior to sb. by. . . 年长某人……岁 ★a senior officer/ manager 高级长官/经理 a senior discount 老年优惠 a senior trip 毕业旅行 the senior prom 毕业年级舞会 tennis coaching for juniors and seniors 初、高级网球运动员训练 senior citizens 老年人；长者（60岁或已退休的人） ★a graduating senior 毕业年级学生 ★junior adj. 地位较低的;青少年的 n. 职位较低者,年轻选手 be junior to sb. 级别低于某人 ◎Senior High School will help you learn and grow, yet you alone are responsible for realizing your great potential. ◎Generally speaking, senior high school life is different from that of junior high. ◎Students in their final year at junior high and senior high schools in Beijing are scheduled to return to school on May 11 and April 27 in 2020. ◎I am a Senior 3 student, and all my classmates are always talking about the future. 【习题】 【2023附中高一上】I can’t wait to describe to you ______________ senior high school life is like. 【2023长郡高一上】With the support of the Party and the government，she helped establish the country’s first senior high school ______________ (offer) free education for girls from poor families. 【2024明德高一上】The meeting should be chaired by the _______________ (senior) person present. 【2025明达高一上】She felt unappreciated both by her colleagues and her ___________ (senior). 3. path n.小路；小径；道路；（事物或人移动的）路线，轨迹； ◎The path was dappled with sunlight.小径上阳光斑斑驳驳。 ◎The coastal path is a popular route for walkers.这条海滨小路是散步者很喜欢走的路径。 ◎At the end of the day, you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction. 最终，你需要为自己开辟一条能带来最大满足感的道路。 【拓展】 ★a path to success 通往成功的道路 a path through the wood穿过树林的小路 【辨析】 path : 多指由人或动物在田间、小丘或树丛中经常走动而踩出的小路，也指公园或花园等供人走的小径。 road : 指连接两地间供行人或车辆使用的广阔平坦的大道，多指公路，也可用于引申意义。 way : 普通用词，含义广泛，可指各种路、道或通道，也可指抽象的道路。 street : 尤指城市中的道路，往往一侧或两侧有高大建筑物；还可指城市小镇、近郊可供人、车、马行走的平坦道路。 highway : 通常指市区外可以通行各种机动车辆的交通干线。 avenue : 在美国，指城市中一侧或两侧建筑物林立的大道或马路；而在英国则常指通住乡村大住宅、私人大庄园或两旁栽树的道路。 motorway : 高速公路，新词，特指为车辆快速通行而修的专线，美语为freeway或expressway。 route : 指从此处通往彼处的路线、路程等。 lane : 指农村或城镇的小道或小径，也指小巷。 pavement : 在英国，多指街道两旁的人行道，而美国人常用sidewalk表示人行道。 trail : 指人或兽在森林、荒野或山中踩出的小径或崎岖小道。 【习题】 【2025湖南名校名师高三下猜题卷（A）】But his passionate pursuit of this craft was _______ led him down a unique path as a full-time Chinese calligraphy artist. 【2025湖南四大名校名师团队猜题卷(B) 】Performances began to be sponsored by the state, and yangqin performers were given a path to higher levels of social _____________ (mobile). 4. challenge n.【C】挑战；艰巨任务 n. 挑战书；邀请，提议 n. 质询；质疑；提出异议 v. 对…怀疑（或质疑）；拒绝接受 v. 向（某人）挑战； v. （尤指在对方不情愿时）强烈建议（某人做某事） 【变形】challenging adj. 有挑战性的 -ing n. 状态，行业 feeling 感情 ageing 老化 building 建筑 filling 填料，填充物 advertising 广告业 fishing 渔业 accounting 会计学 a. 令人……的 正在……的 outgoing 外向的 exciting 令人兴奋的 fascinating 引人入胜的 (fascinate 迷人) changing 正在变化的 assuming 自以为是的 (assume 认为，假设) discriminating 有辨别能力的 (discriminate 辨认，区分) 【拓展】 ★challenge sb. to sth. 　　　 向某人挑战某事 challenge sb to do sth 激励/激发某人做某事 challenge oneself 挑战自我 ★meet the challenge of … 迎接…的挑战 face the challenge 面对挑战 take on /rise to challenges 迎接挑战 accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战 an exciting/interesting challenge 一个令人兴奋的/有趣的挑战 ★It’s challenging to do sth 做某事具有挑战性 ◎I realized this was not a friendly game, but a challenge. ◎Others take a more proactive (积极主动的) approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. ◎However, for those who feel with a positive mind, opportunity lies in each challenge. ◎Although there was not as much homework as I was used to, it was still challenging. 【习题】 【2024长郡高一上期中】Adolescence, in general, is ________ (challenge) for both parents and their children. 【2023长郡高一上月考1】I enjoyed most of the classes, but some of them were quite _________ (challenge). 【2022长郡高一上入学考】Studies found that it prevents students from dealing with _________ (challenge) on their own. 【2022一中高一上期末】It is true that Wikipedia faces_________ (challenge) . It carries no ads and its funds come from donations. 5. effort n.【C, U】努力，力气，精力，费力的事 n.【C】艰难的尝试，尽力，试图 【变形】effortless adj. 不费力的;容易的 【变形】effortlessly adv.轻松地，毫不费力地 -less a. 没有……的 不……的 无……的 (-ful的反义后缀) hopeless 绝望的 (hope 希望) careless 粗心的 (care 关心) harmless 无害的 (harm 伤害) fearless 英勇无畏的 (fear 害怕) homeless 无家可归的 (home 家) endless 无尽的 (end 终点) 【拓展】 ★make efforts (an effort/every effort)　 做出努力 make every effort to do sth 尽一切努力做某事 make joint efforts to do sth 共同努力做某事 put (one’s) effort into doing　　　 花大力气做某事 spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力,尽力 with (an) effort= with difficulty 努力地，困难地，费力地 ★a determined/real/special effort 坚决的╱真正的╱特别的努力 in an effort to save money 为节省资金 the Russian space effort 俄罗斯航天计划 the United Nations' peacekeeping effort 联合国的维和行动 ◎I believe one can find his way out of difficulty with determination (决心) and efforts. ◎You should put more effort into your work. ◎So spare no effort to study and make your dream come true. ◎It's a long climb to the top, but well worth the effort. ◎With (an) effort (= with difficulty) she managed to stop herself laughing. ◎The project was a joint/group effort. ◎I'm afraid this essay is a poor effort.很抱歉，这篇文章写得不好。 【习题】 【2022明德高一上】Since then, skating has been __________ (effort) to me. I’ve learned that we can skate smoothly as long as we keep track of the wind. 【2022师大附中高一上】Sound effects make a difference to a film’s success than the__________ (effort) on acting, music and amazing sets. 【2024雅礼高一上】I took a picture every time I went because I wanted to remind myself to try to make ________ effort. 【2023师附高一上】A lot of efforts ______________(go) into making this event a success. 6. advance n.【C】进步，进展【U】前进，行进 vt. &vi.发展,进步 adj. 预先的；事先的 / ~ team先遣队 【变形】advanced adj. 先进的，高级的 【变形】advancement n.先进 【拓展】 ★in advance　　　　　 提前,预先 in advance of sth. 在……之前 make advances in… 在某方面取得进步/进展 ★advance towards sb/sth 向某人/某物前进 advance one’s career 提高学历 advance the cause of democracy 推动民主事业 ★advance warning/ notice/booking 事先通知/预订 ◎We’re already gathering new data, with more advanced equipment. ◎The project, which began about 30 years ago, can be looked to as an example of efforts to advance green development. ◎The driving plan was quietly advanced after I almost crashed his car into a stone wall. ◎China’s advanced technology contributes to CRH’s high speed, comfort and safety. ◎Share prices showed significant advances. 股票价格大幅上涨。 ◎This button advances the tape to the beginning of the next track. ◎Oil shares advanced amid economic recovery hopes. 【习题】 【2023长郡高一上】I found Maths quite easy and enjoyable because the material was ____________ (advanced) in the UK than in China. 【2023师附高一上】 As motion control technologies ____________ (advance) since then, robots have become more accurate. 【2024师附高一下】She asked for __________advance on her salary. 7. amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的,令人惊喜的 【拓展】 ★in amazement惊奇地 to one’s amazement, ...令某人惊奇的是 ★be amazed at/by sb./sth....对...感到惊讶 be amazed that...对...感到惊讶 be amazed (how/that...) be amazed to see/find/learn... ★an amazing achievement/discovery/success 【变形】 amazed adj.震惊的 amazing adj.令人震惊的 amazement n.震惊；惊讶 ◎It’s amazing that one dollar can change the culture of a school. ◎Travelling with friends can be an amazing experience where you could make lifelong memories or it could ruin your friendship. ◎The amazing magic trick amazed the audience, leaving them amazed and full of amazement. 【习题】 【2023长郡高一上】More ____________ (amazing), my robotic hand is capable of feeling varying degrees of pressure. 【2024名校高一上联考2】Meanwhile, as darkness started to fall, their parents back at the campsite became very ____________ (amaze) that the boys had not returned. 【2024长郡高一上】It's ____________ (amaze) to have the Olympics in my homeland. 【2023附中高一下】What____________ (amaze) the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old. 【2023师附高二上】One by one, the teenagers entered the cave and were ___________ (amaze) to see how wide it was from the inside. 【2024雅礼高一下】It was ___________ (amaze) that something small and seemingly meaningless could make an impact on my physical and mental well-being. 8. confidence n. 信心,信任;把握 【变形】confident adj. 自信的 【变形】confidently adv. 自信地 【变形】confidential adj.机密的 -ial a. 有……的 special 特别的，特殊的 (spec 看，区分) official 官方的，正式的 (offic 职责，职务) material 材料的，物质的 (mater 物质) financial 财政的，金融的 (finance 金融) industrial 工业的 (industry 工业) judicial 司法的，法庭的 (judic司法) commercial 商业的 (commerce 商业) confidential 保密的，机密的 (confident 相信) 【拓展】 ★have confidence in　　　 对……有信心 build one’s confidence 树立信心 boost one’s confidence 增强自信心 full of confidence 充满信心 with confidence 自信地,充满信心地 self-confidence 自信 ★be confident of/about 确信，对…有把握 be confident that… 确信 ◎Confidence and feeling accepted are necessary to a teen's social and emotional development. ◎Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find strangeness. ◎My confidence changed from that sliding-door moment. 【习题】 【2024麓山高一上适应性1】Being___________(confidence) in your appearance makes you more confident in other areas. 【2022麓山国际高一下入学考】And I tried everything, like reading books about ___________(confident). 【2023附中高一下月考1】Then he talked to her patiently and (sincere), hoping to help her build the ___________(confident). 【2024实验高一下期末】It all gave me extra ___________(confident). Doors might not have opened so quickly. 9. equal adj.(大小,数量,价值)相等的，平等的，(力气,勇气，能力)相当的，能胜任的 n.相等物，同等的人 v.等于，比得上；导致，结果为 【变形】equally adv. 同样地;相等地 【变形】equality n. 同等,平等 【变形】inequality n. 不同等,不平等 -ety/-ity/-ty n. 状态，性质， 抽象名词 society 社会 (soci 同伴，联合) variety 多样性，种类 (vari 变化) anxiety 焦虑 (anx 挤压，不安) severity 严重性，严厉程度 (sever 严厉的) minority 少数 (minor 较小的) majority 多数 (major 较大的) equality 平等 (equal相等的) poverty 贫穷 (pover 贫乏) safety 安全 (safe 安全的) cruelty 残忍，残酷行为 (cruel 残忍的) loyalty 忠诚 (loyal 忠诚的) in- / im- / il- /ir- [footnoteRef:2] [2: 同化规则基本与con-相同，此处受限于篇幅不再赘述] 不，无，非，否定 (= not) incorrect 不正确的 (correct 正确的) incomplete 不完整的 (complete 完整的) inexpensive 不贵的 (expensive 昂贵的) independent 独立的 (dependent 依赖的) inactive 不活跃的 (active 活跃的) intransitive 不及物的 (transitive 及物的) impartial 不偏袒的 (partial 有偏见的) impassive 无动于衷的 (pass 感情) impeccable 无可挑剔的，无瑕疵的 (pec = pick挑) immortal 不朽的 (mortal 死亡的) impatient 不耐烦的 (patient 耐心的) impossible 不可能的 (possible 可能的) impolite 不礼貌的 (polite 有礼貌的) imperfect 不完美的 (perfect 完美的) immoral 不道德的 (moral 符合道德的) illegal 非法的 (legal 合法的) illogical 不合逻辑的 (logical 合乎逻辑的) illiterate 文盲的 (literate 文盲的) illegible 难以辨认的 (legible 清晰可读的) irregular 不规则的 (regular 规则的) irresponsible 不负责任的 (responsible 负责的) irrelevant 不相关的 (relevant 有关联的) irreplaceable 无可替代的 (replace 替换) irrefutable 无可辩驳的 (refutable 可反驳的) irrevocable 不可取消的 (revocable 可撤销的) 在内部，向内，进入 (是ex-的反义词缀) impel驱动，敦促做……事情 (pel = push 推) impulse 冲动 (pulse 跳动，脉搏) implicit 含蓄的 (plic 重叠) incentive 激励 (cent 唱歌) impersonate 扮演，模仿 (person 人) illuminate 照亮，使……明白 (lumin光 [footnoteRef:3]) [3: 物理中光通量的单位“流明”就是直接音译于这个词根] irruption 闯入，冲入 (rupt 断) irradiate 使……明亮，生辉 (radi 发光) 【拓展】 ★be equal to sb/sth 与某人/某物相同; 胜任 be equal in sth 在某方面相等 an equal opportunity平等的机会 equal rights/pay 平等的权利；同酬 the desire for a more equal society 对更平等的社会的向往 ★be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比 be the equal of sb/sth 比得上某人/某事 be treated as equals被平等对待 ★equal pay for equal work同工同酬 ◎Can our industry compete on equal terms with its overseas rivals? ◎Don't you believe in equality between men and women? ◎She treats the people who work for her as her equals. 她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。 ◎A metre equals 39.38 inches.1米等于39.38英寸。 ◎With his last jump he equaled the world record.他的最后一跳平了世界纪录。 ◎Cooperation equals success.合作意味着成功。 【习题】 【2024二附中高一上期中】I know you value your friendship and want your friend to value it _________ (equal). 【2023一中高一上月考1】Facebook’s system was trained on a data set of 7.5 billion sentence pairs collected from the web across 100 languages, though not all the languages had_________equal number of sentence pairs. 【2022雨花区高一上期末】Others’ treating him_________ (equal) at work. 【2023雅礼高一上月考1】Of equal _________ (important) are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. 10. balance vt. 同等重视;(使)保持平衡;权衡重要性 n. 均衡,平衡;平衡能力 【变形】balanced adj. 均衡的,平衡的 【变形】imbalance n. 不平衡 【拓展】 ★balance A with/and B　　 使A和B保持平衡 balance oneself 让自己保持平衡 balance one's diet 均衡饮食 ★keep/lose a/one’s balance 保持/失去平衡 a sense of balance 平衡感 out of balance 失去平衡，失衡 on balance 总的来说 ◎At present, flexible lifestyles, changing patterns of work-life balance have led to the appearance of a new kind of family dinner. ◎It is also believed to own the ability to balance the flow of Qi, a vital energy force within the body. ◎The specific types of incense choice based on the individual’s condition, aiming to restore balance and promote well-being, 【习题】 【2023雅礼高一上月考1】I not only gain a ________(balance) life through sports, but also get more chances to move closer to nature. 【2024二附中高一上期中】I need to balance my study ________ life in order to make it colorful and meaningful. 【2023附中高一下月考1】The boy has a lot of disadvantages, but _________balance I think he is still a good boy. 11. individual adj.单独的；个人的【只用于n前】 adj.独特的；与众不同的=distinctive n.个人，个体；与众不同的人，有个性的人；某种类型的人 【变形】individuality n.个性，个人特征；个体，单个实体；个人的嗜好 【变形】individualism n.个人主义 【变形】individualistic adj.个人主义的；利己主义的 【变形】individualist n.利己主义者，个人主义者 【变形】individually adv.独特地；单独地；分别地 【变形】individuate（较正式）个体化，感觉独立；使有区别 -ic/-ics/ -ical/-tic a. ……的 与……有关的 具有……性质的 (仅-ic/-ical/-tic) cosmic 宇宙的 (cosm 宇宙) historic 有历史影响的 (history 历史) ascetic 苦行的，克己的 (ascet 练习) historical 历史上的，有关历史的 (history 历史) botanical 植物学的 (botany 植物学) skeptical 怀疑的 (skept 怀疑) symmetrical 对称的 (sym=same, metri 测量) chaotic 混乱的 (chaos 混乱，混沌) antibiotic 抗生素的 (anti反抗，bio生命) romantic 浪漫的 (roman 浪漫) dramatic 戏剧性的 (drama 戏剧) apathetic 冷漠的 (a没有，否定 + path情感) n. 人或学科 (仅-ic/-ics/-tic) logic 逻辑学 (log 词语，说话，思想) critic 批评家 (crit 评论，批评) mimic 模仿者 (mim 模仿) physics 物理学 (phys 自然，本性) politics 政治学 (polit 城市，公民) economics 经济学 (economy 经济) statistics 统计学 (stat 状态，数据) optics 光学 (opt 看) lunatic 疯子 (luna 月，古时认为月亮盈亏引发精神病) psychotic 精神病人 (psycho 精神病) ascetic苦行僧，修行者 (ascet 练习) -ist n. 专家， 从事某活动的人 scientist 科学家 pianist 钢琴家 artist 艺术家 chemist 化学家，药剂师 (chemistry 化学) dentist 牙医 (dent 牙齿) n. 信仰者，追随者 有……倾向的人 (-ism的派生) communist 共产主义者 nationalist 民族主义者 racist 种族主义者，种族歧视者 optimist 乐观主义者 ◎Some individual investors exulted at the record.一些个人投资者为这一记录欢欣鼓舞。 ◎The author stresses the uniqueness of the individual.这位作者强调个人的独特性。 【习题】 【2025一中高二上期中】In the future, advertising will be even more about understanding individual customers and sending _____ (they) advertisements that are tailored to specific needs. 【2025周南高二上期末】 The name refers______how the eight individual movements provide a soft quality for the movement of the body. 【2025长郡高二上期中】In that moment, he understood that while individual _____________ (achievement) are noteworthy, the true essence of victory lies in “playing as a team”. 【2025一中高三下月考8】Simply put, passive-aggressive behaviour refers to behaviour that is indirect and typically results from negative feelings that the individual _____________(have) difficulty directly — or openly — expressing. 12. responsible adj. 有责任,负责;可靠的 【变形】responsibility n. 责任，职责 【变形】irresponsible adj. 不负责任的 in- / im- / il- /ir- [footnoteRef:4] [4: 同化规则基本与con-相同，此处受限于篇幅不再赘述] 不，无，非，否定 (= not) incorrect 不正确的 (correct 正确的) incomplete 不完整的 (complete 完整的) inexpensive 不贵的 (expensive 昂贵的) independent 独立的 (dependent 依赖的) inactive 不活跃的 (active 活跃的) intransitive 不及物的 (transitive 及物的) impartial 不偏袒的 (partial 有偏见的) impassive 无动于衷的 (pass 感情) impeccable 无可挑剔的，无瑕疵的 (pec = pick挑) immortal 不朽的 (mortal 死亡的) impatient 不耐烦的 (patient 耐心的) impossible 不可能的 (possible 可能的) impolite 不礼貌的 (polite 有礼貌的) imperfect 不完美的 (perfect 完美的) immoral 不道德的 (moral 符合道德的) illegal 非法的 (legal 合法的) illogical 不合逻辑的 (logical 合乎逻辑的) illiterate 文盲的 (literate 文盲的) illegible 难以辨认的 (legible 清晰可读的) irregular 不规则的 (regular 规则的) irresponsible 不负责任的 (responsible 负责的) irrelevant 不相关的 (relevant 有关联的) irreplaceable 无可替代的 (replace 替换) irrefutable 无可辩驳的 (refutable 可反驳的) irrevocable 不可取消的 (revocable 可撤销的) 在内部，向内，进入 (是ex-的反义词缀) impel驱动，敦促做……事情 (pel = push 推) impulse 冲动 (pulse 跳动，脉搏) implicit 含蓄的 (plic 重叠) incentive 激励 (cent 唱歌) impersonate 扮演，模仿 (person 人) illuminate 照亮，使……明白 (lumin光 [footnoteRef:5]) [5: 物理中光通量的单位“流明”就是直接音译于这个词根] irruption 闯入，冲入 (rupt 断) irradiate 使……明亮，生辉 (radi 发光) 【拓展】 ★be responsible for sth. 　　 对某事负责 be responsible to sb. 向某人负责 a responsible job/position 责任重大的工作╱岗位 ★take (the) responsibility of 承担……的责任 have responsibility for (doing) sth 对做某事负责 a sense of responsibility 责任感 ◎You alone are responsible for realizing your great potential. ◎As a responsible girl, I hope to take up a job which is good to society. ◎I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. ◎Mike is responsible for designing the entire project. 迈克负责设计全部工程。 ◎Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.因患肺癌而死亡者，约90%是吸烟所致。 ◎The Council of Ministers is responsible to the Assembly. 内阁须向议会负责。 【习题】 【2023雅礼高一上月考1】Some governments are reluctant to shoulder their own ____________(responsible). 【2023雅礼高一上月考1】I realized that I should be responsible____ not only myself, but also for the society. 【2023一中高一上月考1】Senior High School will help you learn and grow, yet you alone are responsible _________ realizing your great potential. 【2022一中高一下期中】Being responsible and independent __________________ (not mean) being alone. 13. forward adv. 向前；进展；向将来；提前 adj. 向前的，前进的；未来的 vt. 发送，寄；转寄 n. 前锋 【拓展】 ★look forward　　　 向前看;展望 look forward to 盼望;期望 step forward 走上前 put forward 提出 ★from this day forward从此以后 ◎Now solutions have been put forward to give this e-waste a new life ◎Try to move forward to a place of pure silence. 【习题】 【2023长郡高一上月考1】Huda Mohammed, a doctoral student is looking forward to ________ (spend) her third Spring Festival in China. 【1-2025一中高一上月考1】____________ (base) on the results, so far the proposal has been put forward by ____________ (professional) that children should be inspired to get close to and explore nature. 14. make a difference 起作用,有影响 【拓展】 ★make a difference to　　　 对……起作用,有影响 make some/no difference to 对……有些/无作用; 对……有些/无影响 ◎I hope my suggestions can make a difference. I’ll continue to offer help if you need. ◎I believe such measures will make a difference to your life and study. ◎Looking at the back of the boy, David hoped his action could make some difference to the boy. 【习题】 【长郡2023级入学考】Not only is your job to help make a difference, but it’s also ___________ (ride) the wave with them. 【附中2023级入学考】 Letting students feel their ability ___________ (make) a difference. 【2025届长沙新高考适应性考试】Abstract modelling makes________ big difference. 15. make the most of 充分利用;尽情享受 【拓展】 ★make the best of　　　 充分利用;尽量好好去做 make use of 利用 make full/good use of 充分/好好利用 ◎To fully realize your potential, it is important for you to make the most of our school resources. ◎We should make the best of the free time to study something we really like. ◎I learn to seize every opportunity to learn and make use of all kinds of learning resources. 【习题】 【1-2024一中高一下月考1】The "best years of your life"? Maybe not, but you can learn to make________most of your high school days. 【2023雅礼高一上月考1】If you’re considering where to go at Easter or other holidays and searching for some family holiday ideas, why not_______ (make) the most of your time off by planning a trip to one of Britain’s best beaches? 【2023雅礼高一上月考1】To fully realize your potential, it is important for you_______ (make) the most of our school resources. RSentences 16. Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. 同样重要的是好的学习习惯、有用的技能和积极的态度。  【拓展】 (1)本句是一个倒装句。其正常语序为:Good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal importance. 这种倒装结构主要是为了平衡句子结构。 ◎Present at the meeting are some experts from all over the country. ◎In the classroom are forty Chinese students, twenty American students and two teachers. (2)句中of equal importance是of+抽象名词结构,等同于一个形容词。 ◎I hope my suggestions are of great help to you and look forward to your reply! ◎Having enough sleep is of great importance. 【习题】 Of equal importance_______(be) good study habits, useful skills and _______positive attitude. 句式仿写。 ______________________________________________  同样重要的是你实现梦想的方式。 17. Over the next three years, you will discover your potential while you develop as a student and as a person. 在接下来的三年里,你将在作为一名学生和作为一个人不断发展的同时发现你的潜力。 【拓展】 本句是一个复合句。句中while引导时间状语从句。 ◎We will watch Spring Festival Gala on TV while we are eating delicious food. ◎I have been amazed by the excellent Chinese you spoke when we first met. ◎While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. 【when与while引导从句之异同】 (1)when相当于at/during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间,可以与终止性动词或延续性动词连用; while相当于during the time that,指一段时间,因此只能与延续性动词连用。 (2)when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。 (3)while除了表示“当……时”,还有“而,然而”“尽管”之意。 【习题】 写出下列句中while的意思。 The eagle kite is made of plastic while the butterfly kite is made of cloth. While social media have some advantages, they might have a bad impact on teenagers. Thank you for your help while I was travelling in Sydney last summer vacation. 必修一U1【Grammar语法】 ●Grammar & Integrated skills R Words 1. focus n. 焦点，重点 vt.& vi. 集中 【变形】focused adj. 目标清晰的；目标明确的，重点突出的 【拓展】 ★focus on sb. /sth. 　 聚焦；把注意力集中于…… focus your attention on sb. /sth. 把注意力集中于…… ★the focus of ……的焦点 ◎Nowadays, teenagers’ mental health has become the focus of attention.如今，青少年的心理健康已成为人们关注的焦点。 ◎It took a few moments for her eyes to focus in the dark. 过了好一会她的眼睛才适应黑暗。 ◎The children's faces are badly out of focus in the photograph. 照片上孩子们的脸模糊不清。 ◎His comments provided a focus for debate. 他的评论提供了辩论的重点。 【习题】 【2024长郡高一上入学】It will help you become more patient and__________ (focus). 【2024长郡高一上期末】The news about the disease is always the focus __________ us. 【2022师大附中高一上月考3】Taking his or her personalities, characters and personal traits into deep consideration helps to see the whole picture rather than merely focus_______one’s physical appearance. 【2023雅礼高一上月考1】_____________ (focus) on each class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says. 【2023长郡高一上月考1】Sure, you helped them out where you could but ultimately you had your own work_____________ (focus) on. 【2024长郡高一上期中】When everyone else in the class _____________ (focus) on tasks, I could not. 2. detail n. 细节；具体情况 【变形】detailed adj. 详细的;细致的 【拓展】 ★in detail　　　　　　　 详细地 go into details/the detail 详细叙述;逐一说明 ◎Tell me the main points now; leave the details till later. 把要点告诉我，细节留到以后再说。 ◎This is a detail from the 1844 Turner painting.这是透纳1844年水彩画的一小部分。 ◎The report provides every detail with detailed analysis of the situation.该报告提供了每个细节，并对情况进行了详细的分析。 【习题】 【2023雅礼高一上月考1】You should set down some important ______(detail) while listening to the tape. 【2022雅礼高一上月考1】I can make a _______ (detail) introduction of our splendid culture. 【2024长郡高一上期末】Durrell’s attention to detail_______ (be) what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. 3. tip n.末端 n.小费 n.建议；指点 vi.（使）倾斜；vt.倾倒；倒出 vt.给小费 【变形】tip-tipped-tipped-tipping ◎Cape Town is at the southern tip of the African continent.开普敦位于非洲大陆的最南端。 ◎We tipped plates of fresh meat, fish and vegetables into the pot.我们把一盘盘鲜肉、鱼和蔬菜倒进锅里。 ◎He gave the waiter a generous tip.他给了服务员很多小费。 ◎The house is in tip-top condition.这座房子的状况没得挑。 【习题】 【2025一中高二上期末】On the way, a young woman talked to me and gave me_____________ tip for a visit to a hidden local restaurant with delicious and affordable food. 【2025周南高二上期末】Your dentist can give you ____________(tip) on cleaning your teeth more effectively and treat more serious disease. 4. base vt. 以……为基础(依据) n. 根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营 【变形】basis n．原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础 【变形】basic adj.基本的；基础的 【变形】basically adv.大体上；基本上 【变形】based adj.办公地点在...的；以...为总部的 【构成复合词】...为基础的 【拓展】 ★base...on/upon... 把……建立在……的基础上 be based on/upon 以……为根据(基础) ★as a base for 作为……基础/基地 on the basis of 在……的基础上 on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期 ★computer-based teaching 计算机教学 ◎When it comes to the option of courses, I think we should base our choice on our interest.说到课程的选择，我认为我们应该根据我们的兴趣来做出选择。 ◎A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust.很多生意仍然是通过电话完成的，其中很多都基于信任。 ◎A lot of business is still done over the phone,and much of it is based on trust. 很多生意仍然是通过电话完成,其中很多都是基于信任。 ◎There are some good things about choosing the Great Wall as a base for the study tour. 选择长城作为研学旅游基地有很多好处。 【习题】 【2022一中高一上期末】We should base our conclusions on______________ (base) facts and solid evidence. 【2023南雅高二上月考1】______________ (base) on traditional production processes and fillings, including different nuts and dried fruits, mature vinegar is added, which greatly improves its flavor. 【2024雅礼高一下期末】In recent years，various regions have introduced innovative moon cakes flavors ______________ (base) on their local characteristics. 5. remind vt. 提醒,使想起 【变形】reminder n. 引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物 【拓展】 ★remind...about/of... 　　 使……想起……;提醒…… remind sb. that. . . 提醒某人…… remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 ◎This will remind you of what you are working for and let you focus on it.这将提醒你，你是在为什么工作，并使你专注于它。 ◎The chemistry teacher reminded the students that they should not touch the facilities in the lab.化学老师提醒学生们不要触摸实验室里的设备。 ◎However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. 然而,爸爸提醒她含糖的点心对牙齿有害。 ◎The robot is only able to perform basic functions like reminding the driver to turn off the headlights. 这个机器人只能发挥一些基本功能，比如，提醒驾驶员关掉大灯。 【习题】 【2024名校联考高一上联考2】They will teach many traffic regulations to remind us _________(pay) attention to traffic safety.   【2024名校联考高一上联考2】The new function can remind you ____________ appointments and important dates. 【2023一中高一上月考1】I chose it as a gift to as a ______________ (remind)of my unforgettable time here with you. 【2022雅礼高一上月考1】What had happened that day reminded me____________ a famous saying “A friend in need is a friend indeed. ” 【2023长郡高一上月考1】Similarly, a small piece of public praise for a high-performing employee can remind the rest of the team____________ you do notice when they work hard and perform well. 【2023一中高一上月考3】A great way to remind you____________(laugh) more is to have daily jokes on your phone or email. 【2023长郡高一上月考1]If you need a little boost, place posters around your mirror that remind you of the___________ (charm) parts of your body. 6. proposal n. 提议,建议,动议 【变形】propose vt. 提议，建议 【拓展】 ★make a proposal that. . . 　　 提出建议…… submit/consider/accept/reject a proposal 提交╱审议╱接受╱拒绝一项建议 ★propose that. . . 提议，建议 propose doing/to do sth. 打算做某事 ◎The proposal that was aimed at balancing school work and other useful skills was accepted by our school.我们学校接受了这个旨在平衡学业和其他有用技能的建议。 ◎The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear. 老师会要求第二个提议,如果第一个跑题或不清楚。 ◎We make a proposal that each student in our school (should)donate at least 2 books. 我们提议学校里的每一个学生至少捐赠两本书。 ◎Dad proposed that we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house. 爸爸建议我们应该沿着通往农场小屋的河走。 【习题】 【2024名校联考高一上联考2】It couldn’t be better if you could offer me some _________(propose). 【2023长郡高一上月考1】The committee will review the proposal you ___________(propose) last week. 【2024一中高一下月考1】China’s Tree-Planting Day could date back to a _______________ (propose) made by Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), a great Chinese revolution leader, to Beiyang Government (1915-1927) in 1915. 7. aim n. 目的,目标 vi. & vt. 力争做到;目的是;针对 【变形】aimless adj. 没有方向的;无目标的 【变形】aimlessly adv.无目的地 【拓展】 ★aim at　　　　　 瞄准;针对 aim sth at sb/sth 用某物朝向/瞄准某人/某物 aim to do/at doing... 旨在做……；力求达到…… be aimed at 目的是；旨在 ★with the aim of 怀着……的目标 ◎He aims to finish his journey by mid-July. 他的目标是到七月中旬结束他的行程。 ◎Students went to the farm with the aim of experiencing the hardships of the farmers.学生们去农场是为了体验农民们的艰辛。 ◎The project aims to improve the students’ ability of listening and speaking.该项目旨在提高学生的听说能力。 ◎Many students spend most of their time playing computer games or chatting aimlessly with others. 很多学生花费大量的时间打游戏,或漫无目的地与他人聊天。 ◎Jane moved aimlessly down the street, not knowing where she was heading.简漫无目的地走在街上，不知道自己要去往哪里。 【习题】 【2024一中高一下期中】Urquhart launched the Run Antarctica _________(aim) to encourage more women to do sports. 【2024实验高一下期末】I found myself doing schoolwork only with the aim________ getting good grades for university admissions. 【2024实验高一下期末】The specific types of incense are chosen based on the individual’s condition, _________(aim) to restore balance and promote well-being, 【2024一中高一下期中】The group, which depends on community volunteers, _________(aim) to plant 500,000 trees by 2025. 8. profession n.（尤指需要长期训练和正规资格的）职业；（某）职业界同行，同业；（统称，指需要较高教育水平的）职业 【变形】professional adj.职业的；专业的 n.职业选手；专业人士 【变形】professionalism n.职业化；专业水准；专业素质 【变形】professionally adv.职业上；职业性地；由专业人员所做 -ism n. 主义，宗教 capitalism 资本主义 (capital 资本) socialism 社会主义 (social 社会的) communism 共产主义 (commun 共同的) feminism 女权主义 (femin 女性) sexism 性别歧视 (sex 性别) optimism 乐观主义 (optim 最好的) pessimism 悲观主义 (passim 最坏的) idealism 理想主义 (idea 理想，理念，观念) n. 学术流派 Impressionism 印象派 (impression 印象) Platonism 柏拉图主义 (Plato 柏拉图) Modernism 现代主义 (modern 现代的) Behaviorism 行为主义 (behavior 行为) n. 行为，现象， 状态，性质 plagiarism 剽窃 (plagiary 斜的) tourism 旅游业 (tour 旅游) humanism 人性 (human 人) ◎They're both doctors by profession.他们两人的职业都是医生。 ◎She was at the very top of her profession.她是她那个行业中的佼佼者。 ◎Her abilities carried her to the top of her profession.她的才能使她在本行业中出类拔萃 【2025附中高二上期中】The art competitions were called off because so many competitors were __________________(profession) artists, and the Olympics were supposed to make the amateurs (people who didn’t get paid for their athletic or artistic talent) shine. 【2025附中高三下模1】Running through Thursday, the fair _________________(expect) to draw more than 30,000 publishing__________________(professional) and over 1,000 exhibitors from around the world. 9. as a result of由于 【拓展】 ★as a result　　　 结果 ★result in 导致,引起 result from 产生于……, 由……引起 ◎John can’t take part in the match tomorrow as a result of his knee injury.由于膝盖受伤，约翰不能参加明天的比赛了。 ◎The young man never cared about details. As a result, he made a big mistake.这个年轻人从不关心细节，结果他犯了一个大错误。 ◎His failure in this exam resulted from his not working hard enough.他这次考试不及格是因为不够努力。 ◎Not working hard enough resulted in his failure in the exam.他不够努力导致他这次考试不及格。 【习题】 【2022雨花区高一上期末】Some of the serious results_________ overeating include weight gain and heart disease. 【2023附中高一上月考1】Teenagers’ physical changes may result _________ such family tensions. 【2022雅礼高一下入学考】However, since it kept orbiting around the Earth without any _________ (result), scientists became increasingly comfortable abandoning things that no longer served any useful purpose in space. 【2024二附中高一上期中】Many students spend most of their time playing computer games, which may result ______ poor health. 【2022长郡高一上期中】I often go to the English Corner to practise my spoken English. As ______result, I’m good at English. 【2022长郡高一上期中】Many hair problems result _____ what you eat. 【2022雅礼高一下入学考】It ________________ (result) in any serious problems up to now. 【2022雅礼高一下入学考】This overnight success also brought a lot of pressure, ________________ (result) in a three-year-long writer’s block (瓶颈期). R Sentences 10. You may find achieving goals difficult.  你会发现实现目标是困难的。 此句含有find的复合结构，即find+宾语+宾补，其具体用法如下： adj./adv. 介词短语 find+宾语+ 名词/代词 不定式 现在分词（表示主动、进行） 过去分词（表示被动、完成） find+it+形容词/名词+to do（it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语） ◎You will find paper cutting easy if you keep practising it.如果你坚持练习，你会发现剪纸挺容易的。 ◎When he came to himself, he found himself in hospital.他醒来时，发现自己在医院里。 ◎I find my partner an outgoing and confident guy.我发现我的同伴是个外向且自信的小伙子。 ◎As time goes by, they find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.随着时间的推移，他们发现中国人很幸福快乐。 ◎He found his son doing an experiment in the garden.他发现儿子正在花园里做实验。 ◎When he arrived, he found all the work already finished.他到达时，发现所有的工作都已经完成了。 ◎We found it difficult to persuade him to change his mind.我们发现说服他改变主意很难。 【习题】 I hope you’ll find these suggestions ____________(use). I believe you will find a club ____________(suit) for you. Towards nightfall, I found myself ______________(carry) out to sea by a strong wind. A group of children were found ______________(play) on the playground. The old man found his wallet ______________(steal) in the market. 必修一U1【Extended reading语法】 ● Extended Reading R Words 1.exchange n. [C/U]交换；互换；交流；掉换 n.[C]交谈；对话；争论 n.[U]兑换；汇兑 n.[C]（不同国家人或团体之间的）交流，互访 v.交换；交流；掉换 v.兑换；交易；更换 ◎I’ve never exchanged words with those moms beyond small talks, but they wanted to help. 除了闲聊之外,我从来没有和那些妈妈们交流过,但是,她们想要帮忙。 ◎The Chinese Basketball Association, now chaired by Yao Ming, announced that it has suspended any exchanges and cooperation with the Rockets. 现由姚明担任主席的中国篮协宣布暂停与火箭队的所有交流与合作。 ◎There was only time for a brief exchange.只有简短的交谈时间。 ◎Juliet and David exchanged glances. 朱丽叶和戴维相互看了看对方。 ◎You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel.你可在旅馆把你的钱兑换成美元。 【拓展】 ★exchange sth with sb 与某人交换某物 exchange A for B　 拿A换B exchange ideas/news/information 交流思想/互通消息/交流信息 ★in exchange (for) 作为(对……的)交换 exchange student交换生 trade and cultural exchanges with China 与中国的贸易和文化交流 【习题】 【2022明德高一下期中】They receive points which can be exchanged _________ goods. 【2022雅礼高二下期末】I hope we can exchange experience in learning foreign languages __________ each other more often. 【1-2024一中高二下月考1】They asked for an exchange ___________ prisoners. 【2024一中高一下期中】Cultural exchange ______________(program) such as film festivals, concerts and photo exhibitions will be held. 【2024一中高二上入学】When you arrive, we will give you a student orientation (迎新会) and introduce you to other exchange ______________(student) and the surrounding community. 【2024一中高二上入学】When school starts, you will begin the process of ______________(culture) exchange! 【2022雅礼高二下期末】During the program, workers receive 100 % of their pay for working only 80 % of their usual week, in exchange___________promising to maintain 100 % of their productivity. 2.tough adj.坚韧的，坚固的；强硬的，严厉的；嚼不动的； n.恶棍 v.坚持，忍受，忍耐 adv.坚强地，坚定地 【变形】toughen vt&vi（使）变强壮；（使）变困难 【变形】toughly adv.坚强地；强硬地 【变形】toughness n.[U]韧度；韧性 【拓展】 ★tough out 闯过（难关）；从（困境中）挺过来 ◎She is bright, tough and spunky.她聪明、顽强而且干劲十足。 ◎The film's budget dictated a tough schedule.该影片的预算决定了紧张的拍摄进度。 【2025长郡高二上期中】I expect to see your tough ______________(defend), sharp passing, and, most important, smart play as a team. 【2025长郡高二上期末】Hiking up was a lot ______________(tough) than hiking down, even when taking the flatter Bright Angel trail. 【2025雅礼高三下月考8】Remember, tough______________(time) don’t last, but tough people do. You’re one of them.” Tears welled up in my eyes as I realized the depth of her kindness and the belief she had in me. 【2024长郡高三上月考1】I had a tough time__________(drag) myself to karate for a while after that I missed Abigail so much. 3.alarm n. 闹钟;恐慌;警报;警报器 vt. 使惊恐,使害怕 ◎‘What have you done?’ Ellie cried in alarm .“你都干了些什么？”埃利惊恐地喊道。 ◎I felt a growing sense of alarm when he did not return that night.那天夜里他没有回家，我越来越感到恐慌。 ◎Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate. 不幸的是,蜜蜂正以令人惊恐的速度消失。 ◎They should not be too alarmed by the press reports, because everything was under control. 他们不应对新闻报道过于担心,因为一切尽在掌控之中。 ◎The alarming news alarmed residents, leaving many alarmed about their safety.这则令人担忧的消息惊吓了居民，让许多人担心自己的安全。 【拓展】 ★set the alarm　　　 上闹铃;定闹铃 sound the alarm 发出警报 ★at an alarming rate 以令人惊恐的速度 ★be alarmed at/by sth. 对……担忧;对……惊恐 【变形】alarming adj. 令人惊恐的 【变形】alarmed adj. 担忧的;惊恐的 【习题】 【2024二附中高一上期中】The average person wakes up to ________alarm and then turns on the radio or TV. 【2023雅礼高二下期中】The world’s forests are reducing at an _______________(alarm) rate. 【2024麓山高二下学情检测】The passengers in the ship became _______________(alarm) when the waves began to crash over the bow. 4.contribution n. 贡献;捐款;捐赠 ◎All contributions will be gratefully received. 我们对所有捐资表示感谢。 ◎He made a very positive contribution to the success of the project.他对项目成功贡献良多。 ◎All contributions for the May issue must be received by Friday.所有要在五月这一期发表的稿件必须在星期五以前寄到。 ◎We rely entirely on voluntary contribution. 我们全靠自愿捐赠。 ◎His generous contribution will contribute significantly to the charity's success.他慷慨的捐赠将大大促进慈善机构的成功。 【拓展】 ★make a. . . contribution to 为……做出……的贡献 make contributions/a contribution to 为……做出贡献 ★contribute to sth. 有助于……;促成……; 向……投稿/捐赠 【变形】contribute vt. 捐献；贡献；投稿 【习题】 【2023南雅高二上月考1】It's a sad reality that many of us find ourselves just too busy (contribute) to our communities． 【2023雅礼高二上入学】In short, wasting food increases greenhouse gas emissions and (contribute) to climate change. 【2024雅礼高二下月考3】Sweating (contribute) to a decrease in blood pressure to some extent. Here are four research-backed reasons why this salt-based fluid can benefit you. 【2023长郡高一下月考1】Making good friends (contribute) to your personal happiness as well. It's important to move to avoid the negative health influences. 【2022雅礼高一下期末】Each of us (contribute) to the jar weekly. However, we still haven’t gone to a game because my father had to work every Saturday. 【2024一中高一下期中】We should make ____________ (contribute)and efforts to carry it forward. 5.fortunately adv. 幸运地，幸亏 ◎Fortunately, after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave. 幸运的是,在医院待了短暂的一会,Ben就被允许出院了。 ◎Unfortunately, later all of them felt sick and had a stomachache.不幸的是,随后他们都感到恶心,并且胃疼得厉害。 ◎Unless you work hard, no fortune will come. 除非你努力工作,否则运气不会降临。 ◎We’ve all heard stories of some people who have made their fortune on the Internet. 我们都听说过一些人在网上发财的故事。 ◎Fortunately, we were fortunate enough to avoid the storm, which was pure good fortune. 幸运的是，我们很幸运地躲过了风暴，这纯粹是好运气。 【拓展】 ★make a/one’s fortune 发财;发迹 try one’s fortune 碰运气 【变形】unfortunately 　　　adv. 不幸地 【变形】fortune n. 运气;巨款 【习题】 【2023长郡高一上月考1】_______________ (fortunate), my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement. 【2022雅礼高一上月考3】_______________ (fortunate), her marriage is on the rocks. 【2022雅礼高一上月考3】_______________ (fortunate), in the end, they cannot make the decision for you. 【2024实验高一下期末】Unfortunately, this often results_______________ confused players arguing about how the game should be played. 6.option n. 可选择的事物，选择；选修课 ◎This particular model comes with a wide range of options. 这一种型号的货品有很多选择。 ◎Attending lectures on Western culture is also a good option for you. 参加关于西方文化的讲座对你来说也是个好选择。 ◎I had no option but to follow them, getting my shoes wet and dirty with mud. 我别无选择只能跟着他们,鞋湿透了,沾满了泥。 ◎I’m very delighted to know that our school is going to offer several optional courses. 我很高兴得知我们学校将要提供一些选修课程。 【拓展】 ★have no option but to do sth. 除了做某事外别无选择 【变形】optional adj. 可选择的,随意的 【习题】 【2023南雅高二上月考1】_______________(variety) of this mooncake include garlic, salt and pepper，and spicy cray fish_______________ (option). 【2022一中高一上检测1】Good ___________ (option) include going to an amusement park, working together on a craft project or signing your kids up for sports. 【2022南雅高二上月考3】In your bathroom, for example, experiment with plastic-free ___________ (option) such as soap instead of shower gel (沐浴露). 【2023雅礼高二下期中】It had __________ option for talking to a real person. 【2024麓山高二下学情检测】Recent news, local events, popular books and television shows are all good fallback ___________ (option). 7.attract vt. 吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应) ◎At the end of each term, students put on a calligraphy show, attracting more students to Chinese calligraphy.在每个学期结束时，学生们都会举办一场书法表演，以吸引更多的学生来学习中国书法。 ◎Thousands of people are attracted to go on holiday there every year. 每年数以千计的人们被吸引到这里度假。 ◎The warm damp air attracts a lot of mosquitoes. 温暖潮湿的空气招来了大量蚊子。 ◎His comments were bound to attract criticism .他的说话必然会招致批评。 ◎Once inside, we were attracted to an exhibition that gave a vivid account of Beijing’s history. 一进去,我们就喜欢上这个详细描述北京历史的展览。 ◎The Palace Museum in Beijing ranked first among the top 100 happiest tourist attractions in 2019. 在2019年中国旅游景区欢乐指数排名前100的景点中,北京故宫博物院位居第一。 ◎The new museum exhibit attracts many visitors due to its attractive displays, becoming the city's main tourist attraction. 新博物馆展览因其吸引人的展品而吸引了许多游客，成为该市的主要旅游景点。 【词块积累】 ★attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力 be attracted by… 被……吸引 be attracted to…　　 喜爱，爱上 ★a tourist attraction 旅游景点 【变形】attraction n. 吸引人的事物,景点 【变形】attractive adj. 有吸引力的,吸引人的 【习题】 【2022雅礼高一上月考1】If you've always felt that you look ______________(attractive) in videos than you do in photographs, you're not alone. 【2023一中高一上月考1】It turns out that looking______________(attract) in photos isn't easy due to what researchers are calling the “frozen face effect.” 【2022雅礼高一上月考1】When they were then asked to rank the imagery based on ______________(attract), the videos consistently ranked higher than the corresponding stills. 【2024雅礼高一下期末】If everyone got surgeries to become attractive, everyone would be________ (exact) the same. 【2023长郡高一上期中】Plan accordingly and make sure everyone can see some of their top _____________(attract). 【2024一中高一下期中】The outdoor event______________(attract) over 300 audience members and featured Chinese musicians, including the music band of traditional Chinese music of the Central Conservatory of Music. 【2024一中高一下月考1】Throughout the summer holiday period, the cocoa botanical garden was abuzz with activities, ______________(attract) an average of 3,000 visitors daily. 【2024一中高一下月考1】Visitors can explore the park’s beautiful scenery, and then experience the charm of the city’s downtown area, with cultural _____________(attract) and historic landmarks. 【2022南雅高二上月考3】The North Shore is home to world-class surf contests, ______________(attract) the world’s top surfers. 【2022南雅高二上月考3】Students ______________(attract) to the course for the student-friendly learning in class. 【2023中南博才高二上月考1】When I finish a climb, that sense of achievement and joy are the biggest ______________(attract) . 【2023中南博才高二上月考1】Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds; what kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing ______________(attract) clothes? 【1-2024一中高二下月考1】In Europe, most of the tourists were attracted ____________ these beautiful artworks. 8. over time随着时间流逝,久而久之 ◎If you focus your attention on your study, you will make advances over time.如果你将注意力集中在学习上，久而久之你会有进步。 ◎Zongzi was traditionally made in honor of Qu Yuan. But over time ,it has been more and more common. 粽子传统上是为了纪念屈原。但是随着时间流逝,它正变得越来越普遍。 ◎We know that anything can be achieved over a cup of tea. 我们知道任何事喝着茶就能完成。 【词块积累】 over a cup of coffee/ tea 　　 一杯咖啡或茶的功夫 边喝咖啡/茶边做…… over dinner 在吃晚饭的时候 over the last/past few years 在过去的一些年里 【习题】 【2023长郡高一上月考1】My language skills ________________(improve) over time. 【2024一中高二下期末】Over time, Baiyangdian Lake ____________ (remain) steadfast (不变的) in fulfilling crucial ecological roles from storing floodwater to regulating the climate. R Sentences 9. Learning in English was a great challenge for me.   在全英语环境中学习对我来说是一个巨大的挑战。 　　本句是一个简单句。句中Learning in English为动名词作主语。动名词作主语一般表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 ◎Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 沿着古老的“丝绸之路”旅行是一次有趣、有益的经历。 ◎Shopping on the Internet is becoming more and more popular. 网上购物正变得越来越流行。 ◎Getting along well with them is an important part of my personal development. 与他们相处融洽是我个人发展中重要的一部分。 动名词作主语两点提醒 (1)动名词常常被看作是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语用第三人称单数形式。 (2)动名词有时用it作形式主语,而把动名词后置。 ◎It’s a waste of time playing video games every day. 每天玩电子游戏简直就是浪费时间。 【习题】 ________(learn) to speak simple Chinese well is the first thing to do. It is no good _______(talk) to him, because he never listens. _______(take) more exercise can not only rest your brain but also build up your body. 10. Although there was not as much homework as I was used to, it was still challenging. 尽管没有过去的作业那么多,但是仍然很有挑战性。 　　本句是一个复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句。从句中“as+形容词或副词原级+as. . . ”表示同级比较，意为：和……一样……。其中第一个as为副词,第二个as为连词,常用于引导一个比较状语从句。 ◎Although he grew up speaking both Spanish and English, he still did not feel his English ability was very strong. 尽管他长大过程中说西班牙语和英语,但是他仍然没感觉他的英语能力有多强。 ◎I no longer see as much wildlife in the countryside as I used to. 我在乡下再也看不到以前那样多的野生动物了。 ◎Search on the Internet to get as much relative employment information as possible. 在网上搜索获得尽可能多的有关招聘的信息。 ★as. . . as. . . 的具体结构 as+adj. /adv. +as. . . as+adj. +a/an+可数名词的单数+as. . . as+much+不可数名词+as. . . as+many+可数名词的复数+as. . . 否定形式：not as/so. . . as. . . 【习题】 (1)He doesn’t make _________________________he did before.  他不像以前那样犯如此多的错误了。 (2)We’d better spend _____________________we can with friends and family members.  我们最好与朋友和家人尽可能多地待在一起。 (3) _________________40 percent of American workers don’t even bother to take vacations.  多达40%的美国工人甚至懒得去度假。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 必修一 Unit1知识点 必修一U1【Reading语法】 ●Reading RWords 1. potential n.【U】潜力，可能性，电势，潜质 adj. 潜在的，可能的 【变形】potentially adv. 潜在地，可能地 -ly a. 表形容词，通常加在名词后 lovely 可爱的 (love 爱) friendly 友好的 (friend 朋友) otherworldly 超世俗的 (otherworld 超世) costly 昂贵的 (cost 昂贵) ad. 表副词，通常加在形容词后 (另见-able/-ably) extremely 过分的 (extreme 极端的) probably 可能地 (probable 可能的) gloriously 光荣地 (glorious 光荣的) 【拓展】 ★have/show potential for sth/ to do sth 有…的潜力/有做某事的潜能 achieve/fulfil/reach/realize one’s (full) potential 发挥/实现某人的(全部) 潜能 the potential for (doing) sth. ......的可能性 commercial potential 商业潜力 ★a potential customer/buyer 潜在客户/买家 a potential disaster 可能发生的灾难 potential benefits/problems 潜在利益/问题 ◎This young athlete has great potential and could potentially become a champion. ◎The European marketplace offers excellent potential for increasing sales. ◎The house has a lot of potential. 【习题】 【2022一中高一上期末】All children should _________________ (encourage) to realize their full potential. be encouraged 【2-2025长郡高一上期中】She said, “ _________________ (fall) is part of any new potential. I’ll help her to skate!” falling 【2-2025长郡高一上期中】Living under the same roof with parents from two cultures and _________________(experience) the differences and potential tensions between them are interesting for me. experiencing 【2-2025雅礼高一上期中】You will most certainly gain valuable advice on how to achieve your mental potential _________________(full). fully 2. senior adj. 中学的;级别高的;高级水平的;老年的 n. 级别(或地位)较高者；较年长者；高水平运动员 【拓展】 ★be senior to sb. 　 　 级别高于某人;年长于某人 be senior to sb. by. . . 年长某人……岁 ★a senior officer/ manager 高级长官/经理 a senior discount 老年优惠 a senior trip 毕业旅行 the senior prom 毕业年级舞会 tennis coaching for juniors and seniors 初、高级网球运动员训练 senior citizens 老年人；长者（60岁或已退休的人） ★a graduating senior 毕业年级学生 ★junior adj. 地位较低的;青少年的 n. 职位较低者,年轻选手 be junior to sb. 级别低于某人 ◎Senior High School will help you learn and grow, yet you alone are responsible for realizing your great potential. ◎Generally speaking, senior high school life is different from that of junior high. ◎Students in their final year at junior high and senior high schools in Beijing are scheduled to return to school on May 11 and April 27 in 2020. ◎I am a Senior 3 student, and all my classmates are always talking about the future. 【习题】 【2023附中高一上】I can’t wait to describe to you ______________ senior high school life is like. what 【2023长郡高一上】With the support of the Party and the government，she helped establish the country’s first senior high school ______________ (offer) free education for girls from poor families. to offer 【2024明德高一上】The meeting should be chaired by the _______________ (senior) person present. most senior 【2025明达高一上】She felt unappreciated both by her colleagues and her ___________ (senior). seniors 3. path n.小路；小径；道路；（事物或人移动的）路线，轨迹； ◎The path was dappled with sunlight.小径上阳光斑斑驳驳。 ◎The coastal path is a popular route for walkers.这条海滨小路是散步者很喜欢走的路径。 ◎At the end of the day, you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction. 最终，你需要为自己开辟一条能带来最大满足感的道路。 【拓展】 ★a path to success 通往成功的道路 a path through the wood穿过树林的小路 【辨析】 path : 多指由人或动物在田间、小丘或树丛中经常走动而踩出的小路，也指公园或花园等供人走的小径。 road : 指连接两地间供行人或车辆使用的广阔平坦的大道，多指公路，也可用于引申意义。 way : 普通用词，含义广泛，可指各种路、道或通道，也可指抽象的道路。 street : 尤指城市中的道路，往往一侧或两侧有高大建筑物；还可指城市小镇、近郊可供人、车、马行走的平坦道路。 highway : 通常指市区外可以通行各种机动车辆的交通干线。 avenue : 在美国，指城市中一侧或两侧建筑物林立的大道或马路；而在英国则常指通住乡村大住宅、私人大庄园或两旁栽树的道路。 motorway : 高速公路，新词，特指为车辆快速通行而修的专线，美语为freeway或expressway。 route : 指从此处通往彼处的路线、路程等。 lane : 指农村或城镇的小道或小径，也指小巷。 pavement : 在英国，多指街道两旁的人行道，而美国人常用sidewalk表示人行道。 trail : 指人或兽在森林、荒野或山中踩出的小径或崎岖小道。 【习题】 【2025湖南名校名师高三下猜题卷（A）】But his passionate pursuit of this craft was _______ led him down a unique path as a full-time Chinese calligraphy artist. what 【2025湖南四大名校名师团队猜题卷(B) 】Performances began to be sponsored by the state, and yangqin performers were given a path to higher levels of social _____________ (mobile). mobility 4. challenge n.【C】挑战；艰巨任务 n. 挑战书；邀请，提议 n. 质询；质疑；提出异议 v. 对…怀疑（或质疑）；拒绝接受 v. 向（某人）挑战； v. （尤指在对方不情愿时）强烈建议（某人做某事） 【变形】challenging adj. 有挑战性的 -ing n. 状态，行业 feeling 感情 ageing 老化 building 建筑 filling 填料，填充物 advertising 广告业 fishing 渔业 accounting 会计学 a. 令人……的 正在……的 outgoing 外向的 exciting 令人兴奋的 fascinating 引人入胜的 (fascinate 迷人) changing 正在变化的 assuming 自以为是的 (assume 认为，假设) discriminating 有辨别能力的 (discriminate 辨认，区分) 【拓展】 ★challenge sb. to sth. 　　　 向某人挑战某事 challenge sb to do sth 激励/激发某人做某事 challenge oneself 挑战自我 ★meet the challenge of … 迎接…的挑战 face the challenge 面对挑战 take on /rise to challenges 迎接挑战 accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战 an exciting/interesting challenge 一个令人兴奋的/有趣的挑战 ★It’s challenging to do sth 做某事具有挑战性 ◎I realized this was not a friendly game, but a challenge. ◎Others take a more proactive (积极主动的) approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. ◎However, for those who feel with a positive mind, opportunity lies in each challenge. ◎Although there was not as much homework as I was used to, it was still challenging. 【习题】 【2024长郡高一上期中】Adolescence, in general, is ________ (challenge) for both parents and their children. challenging 【2023长郡高一上月考1】I enjoyed most of the classes, but some of them were quite _________ (challenge). challenging 【2022长郡高一上入学考】Studies found that it prevents students from dealing with _________ (challenge) on their own. challenges 【2022一中高一上期末】It is true that Wikipedia faces_________ (challenge) . It carries no ads and its funds come from donations. challenges 5. effort n.【C, U】努力，力气，精力，费力的事 n.【C】艰难的尝试，尽力，试图 【变形】effortless adj. 不费力的;容易的 【变形】effortlessly adv.轻松地，毫不费力地 -less a. 没有……的 不……的 无……的 (-ful的反义后缀) hopeless 绝望的 (hope 希望) careless 粗心的 (care 关心) harmless 无害的 (harm 伤害) fearless 英勇无畏的 (fear 害怕) homeless 无家可归的 (home 家) endless 无尽的 (end 终点) 【拓展】 ★make efforts (an effort/every effort)　 做出努力 make every effort to do sth 尽一切努力做某事 make joint efforts to do sth 共同努力做某事 put (one’s) effort into doing　　　 花大力气做某事 spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力,尽力 with (an) effort= with difficulty 努力地，困难地，费力地 ★a determined/real/special effort 坚决的╱真正的╱特别的努力 in an effort to save money 为节省资金 the Russian space effort 俄罗斯航天计划 the United Nations' peacekeeping effort 联合国的维和行动 ◎I believe one can find his way out of difficulty with determination (决心) and efforts. ◎You should put more effort into your work. ◎So spare no effort to study and make your dream come true. ◎It's a long climb to the top, but well worth the effort. ◎With (an) effort (= with difficulty) she managed to stop herself laughing. ◎The project was a joint/group effort. ◎I'm afraid this essay is a poor effort.很抱歉，这篇文章写得不好。 【习题】 【2022明德高一上】Since then, skating has been __________ (effort) to me. I’ve learned that we can skate smoothly as long as we keep track of the wind. effortless 【2022师大附中高一上】Sound effects make a difference to a film’s success than the__________ (effort) on acting, music and amazing sets. efforts 【2024雅礼高一上】I took a picture every time I went because I wanted to remind myself to try to make ________ effort. an 【2023师附高一上】A lot of efforts ______________(go) into making this event a success. have gone 6. advance n.【C】进步，进展【U】前进，行进 vt. &vi.发展,进步 adj. 预先的；事先的 / ~ team先遣队 【变形】advanced adj. 先进的，高级的 【变形】advancement n.先进 【拓展】 ★in advance　　　　　 提前,预先 in advance of sth. 在……之前 make advances in… 在某方面取得进步/进展 ★advance towards sb/sth 向某人/某物前进 advance one’s career 提高学历 advance the cause of democracy 推动民主事业 ★advance warning/ notice/booking 事先通知/预订 ◎We’re already gathering new data, with more advanced equipment. ◎The project, which began about 30 years ago, can be looked to as an example of efforts to advance green development. ◎The driving plan was quietly advanced after I almost crashed his car into a stone wall. ◎China’s advanced technology contributes to CRH’s high speed, comfort and safety. ◎Share prices showed significant advances. 股票价格大幅上涨。 ◎This button advances the tape to the beginning of the next track. ◎Oil shares advanced amid economic recovery hopes. 【习题】 【2023长郡高一上】I found Maths quite easy and enjoyable because the material was ____________ (advanced) in the UK than in China. less advanced 【2023师附高一上】 As motion control technologies ____________ (advance) since then, robots have become more accurate. have advanced 【2024师附高一下】She asked for __________advance on her salary. an 7. amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的,令人惊喜的 【拓展】 ★in amazement惊奇地 to one’s amazement, ...令某人惊奇的是 ★be amazed at/by sb./sth....对...感到惊讶 be amazed that...对...感到惊讶 be amazed (how/that...) be amazed to see/find/learn... ★an amazing achievement/discovery/success 【变形】 amazed adj.震惊的 amazing adj.令人震惊的 amazement n.震惊；惊讶 ◎It’s amazing that one dollar can change the culture of a school. ◎Travelling with friends can be an amazing experience where you could make lifelong memories or it could ruin your friendship. ◎The amazing magic trick amazed the audience, leaving them amazed and full of amazement. 【习题】 【2023长郡高一上】More ____________ (amazing), my robotic hand is capable of feeling varying degrees of pressure. amazingly 【2024名校高一上联考2】Meanwhile, as darkness started to fall, their parents back at the campsite became very ____________ (amaze) that the boys had not returned. amazed 【2024长郡高一上】It's ____________ (amaze) to have the Olympics in my homeland. amazing 【2023附中高一下】What____________ (amaze) the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old. amazed 【2023师附高二上】One by one, the teenagers entered the cave and were ___________ (amaze) to see how wide it was from the inside. amazed 【2024雅礼高一下】It was ___________ (amaze) that something small and seemingly meaningless could make an impact on my physical and mental well-being. amazing 8. confidence n. 信心,信任;把握 【变形】confident adj. 自信的 【变形】confidently adv. 自信地 【变形】confidential adj.机密的 -ial a. 有……的 special 特别的，特殊的 (spec 看，区分) official 官方的，正式的 (offic 职责，职务) material 材料的，物质的 (mater 物质) financial 财政的，金融的 (finance 金融) industrial 工业的 (industry 工业) judicial 司法的，法庭的 (judic司法) commercial 商业的 (commerce 商业) confidential 保密的，机密的 (confident 相信) 【拓展】 ★have confidence in　　　 对……有信心 build one’s confidence 树立信心 boost one’s confidence 增强自信心 full of confidence 充满信心 with confidence 自信地,充满信心地 self-confidence 自信 ★be confident of/about 确信，对…有把握 be confident that… 确信 ◎Confidence and feeling accepted are necessary to a teen's social and emotional development. ◎Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find strangeness. ◎My confidence changed from that sliding-door moment. 【习题】 【2024麓山高一上适应性1】Being___________(confidence) in your appearance makes you more confident in other areas. confident 【2022麓山国际高一下入学考】And I tried everything, like reading books about ___________(confident). confidence 【2023附中高一下月考1】Then he talked to her patiently and (sincere), hoping to help her build the ___________(confident). sincerely confidence 【2024实验高一下期末】It all gave me extra ___________(confident). Doors might not have opened so quickly. confidence 9. equal adj.(大小,数量,价值)相等的，平等的，(力气,勇气，能力)相当的，能胜任的 n.相等物，同等的人 v.等于，比得上；导致，结果为 【变形】equally adv. 同样地;相等地 【变形】equality n. 同等,平等 【变形】inequality n. 不同等,不平等 -ety/-ity/-ty n. 状态，性质， 抽象名词 society 社会 (soci 同伴，联合) variety 多样性，种类 (vari 变化) anxiety 焦虑 (anx 挤压，不安) severity 严重性，严厉程度 (sever 严厉的) minority 少数 (minor 较小的) majority 多数 (major 较大的) equality 平等 (equal相等的) poverty 贫穷 (pover 贫乏) safety 安全 (safe 安全的) cruelty 残忍，残酷行为 (cruel 残忍的) loyalty 忠诚 (loyal 忠诚的) in- / im- / il- /ir- [footnoteRef:2] [2: 同化规则基本与con-相同，此处受限于篇幅不再赘述] 不，无，非，否定 (= not) incorrect 不正确的 (correct 正确的) incomplete 不完整的 (complete 完整的) inexpensive 不贵的 (expensive 昂贵的) independent 独立的 (dependent 依赖的) inactive 不活跃的 (active 活跃的) intransitive 不及物的 (transitive 及物的) impartial 不偏袒的 (partial 有偏见的) impassive 无动于衷的 (pass 感情) impeccable 无可挑剔的，无瑕疵的 (pec = pick挑) immortal 不朽的 (mortal 死亡的) impatient 不耐烦的 (patient 耐心的) impossible 不可能的 (possible 可能的) impolite 不礼貌的 (polite 有礼貌的) imperfect 不完美的 (perfect 完美的) immoral 不道德的 (moral 符合道德的) illegal 非法的 (legal 合法的) illogical 不合逻辑的 (logical 合乎逻辑的) illiterate 文盲的 (literate 文盲的) illegible 难以辨认的 (legible 清晰可读的) irregular 不规则的 (regular 规则的) irresponsible 不负责任的 (responsible 负责的) irrelevant 不相关的 (relevant 有关联的) irreplaceable 无可替代的 (replace 替换) irrefutable 无可辩驳的 (refutable 可反驳的) irrevocable 不可取消的 (revocable 可撤销的) 在内部，向内，进入 (是ex-的反义词缀) impel驱动，敦促做……事情 (pel = push 推) impulse 冲动 (pulse 跳动，脉搏) implicit 含蓄的 (plic 重叠) incentive 激励 (cent 唱歌) impersonate 扮演，模仿 (person 人) illuminate 照亮，使……明白 (lumin光 [footnoteRef:3]) [3: 物理中光通量的单位“流明”就是直接音译于这个词根] irruption 闯入，冲入 (rupt 断) irradiate 使……明亮，生辉 (radi 发光) 【拓展】 ★be equal to sb/sth 与某人/某物相同; 胜任 be equal in sth 在某方面相等 an equal opportunity平等的机会 equal rights/pay 平等的权利；同酬 the desire for a more equal society 对更平等的社会的向往 ★be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比 be the equal of sb/sth 比得上某人/某事 be treated as equals被平等对待 ★equal pay for equal work同工同酬 ◎Can our industry compete on equal terms with its overseas rivals? ◎Don't you believe in equality between men and women? ◎She treats the people who work for her as her equals. 她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。 ◎A metre equals 39.38 inches.1米等于39.38英寸。 ◎With his last jump he equaled the world record.他的最后一跳平了世界纪录。 ◎Cooperation equals success.合作意味着成功。 【习题】 【2024二附中高一上期中】I know you value your friendship and want your friend to value it _________ (equal). equally 【2023一中高一上月考1】Facebook’s system was trained on a data set of 7.5 billion sentence pairs collected from the web across 100 languages, though not all the languages had_________equal number of sentence pairs. an 【2022雨花区高一上期末】Others’ treating him_________ (equal) at work. equally 【2023雅礼高一上月考1】Of equal _________ (important) are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. importance 10. balance vt. 同等重视;(使)保持平衡;权衡重要性 n. 均衡,平衡;平衡能力 【变形】balanced adj. 均衡的,平衡的 【变形】imbalance n. 不平衡 【拓展】 ★balance A with/and B　　 使A和B保持平衡 balance oneself 让自己保持平衡 balance one's diet 均衡饮食 ★keep/lose a/one’s balance 保持/失去平衡 a sense of balance 平衡感 out of balance 失去平衡，失衡 on balance 总的来说 ◎At present, flexible lifestyles, changing patterns of work-life balance have led to the appearance of a new kind of family dinner. ◎It is also believed to own the ability to balance the flow of Qi, a vital energy force within the body. ◎The specific types of incense choice based on the individual’s condition, aiming to restore balance and promote well-being, 【习题】 【2023雅礼高一上月考1】I not only gain a ________(balance) life through sports, but also get more chances to move closer to nature. balanced 【2024二附中高一上期中】I need to balance my study ________ life in order to make it colorful and meaningful. with/and 【2023附中高一下月考1】The boy has a lot of disadvantages, but _________balance I think he is still a good boy. on 11. individual adj.单独的；个人的【只用于n前】 adj.独特的；与众不同的=distinctive n.个人，个体；与众不同的人，有个性的人；某种类型的人 【变形】individuality n.个性，个人特征；个体，单个实体；个人的嗜好 【变形】individualism n.个人主义 【变形】individualistic adj.个人主义的；利己主义的 【变形】individualist n.利己主义者，个人主义者 【变形】individually adv.独特地；单独地；分别地 【变形】individuate（较正式）个体化，感觉独立；使有区别 -ic/-ics/ -ical/-tic a. ……的 与……有关的 具有……性质的 (仅-ic/-ical/-tic) cosmic 宇宙的 (cosm 宇宙) historic 有历史影响的 (history 历史) ascetic 苦行的，克己的 (ascet 练习) historical 历史上的，有关历史的 (history 历史) botanical 植物学的 (botany 植物学) skeptical 怀疑的 (skept 怀疑) symmetrical 对称的 (sym=same, metri 测量) chaotic 混乱的 (chaos 混乱，混沌) antibiotic 抗生素的 (anti反抗，bio生命) romantic 浪漫的 (roman 浪漫) dramatic 戏剧性的 (drama 戏剧) apathetic 冷漠的 (a没有，否定 + path情感) n. 人或学科 (仅-ic/-ics/-tic) logic 逻辑学 (log 词语，说话，思想) critic 批评家 (crit 评论，批评) mimic 模仿者 (mim 模仿) physics 物理学 (phys 自然，本性) politics 政治学 (polit 城市，公民) economics 经济学 (economy 经济) statistics 统计学 (stat 状态，数据) optics 光学 (opt 看) lunatic 疯子 (luna 月，古时认为月亮盈亏引发精神病) psychotic 精神病人 (psycho 精神病) ascetic苦行僧，修行者 (ascet 练习) -ist n. 专家， 从事某活动的人 scientist 科学家 pianist 钢琴家 artist 艺术家 chemist 化学家，药剂师 (chemistry 化学) dentist 牙医 (dent 牙齿) n. 信仰者，追随者 有……倾向的人 (-ism的派生) communist 共产主义者 nationalist 民族主义者 racist 种族主义者，种族歧视者 optimist 乐观主义者 ◎Some individual investors exulted at the record.一些个人投资者为这一记录欢欣鼓舞。 ◎The author stresses the uniqueness of the individual.这位作者强调个人的独特性。 【习题】 【2025一中高二上期中】In the future, advertising will be even more about understanding individual customers and sending _____ (they) advertisements that are tailored to specific needs. them 【2025周南高二上期末】 The name refers______how the eight individual movements provide a soft quality for the movement of the body. to 【2025长郡高二上期中】In that moment, he understood that while individual _____________ (achievement) are noteworthy, the true essence of victory lies in “playing as a team”. achievements 【2025一中高三下月考8】Simply put, passive-aggressive behaviour refers to behaviour that is indirect and typically results from negative feelings that the individual _____________(have) difficulty directly — or openly — expressing. has 12. responsible adj. 有责任,负责;可靠的 【变形】responsibility n. 责任，职责 【变形】irresponsible adj. 不负责任的 in- / im- / il- /ir- [footnoteRef:4] [4: 同化规则基本与con-相同，此处受限于篇幅不再赘述] 不，无，非，否定 (= not) incorrect 不正确的 (correct 正确的) incomplete 不完整的 (complete 完整的) inexpensive 不贵的 (expensive 昂贵的) independent 独立的 (dependent 依赖的) inactive 不活跃的 (active 活跃的) intransitive 不及物的 (transitive 及物的) impartial 不偏袒的 (partial 有偏见的) impassive 无动于衷的 (pass 感情) impeccable 无可挑剔的，无瑕疵的 (pec = pick挑) immortal 不朽的 (mortal 死亡的) impatient 不耐烦的 (patient 耐心的) impossible 不可能的 (possible 可能的) impolite 不礼貌的 (polite 有礼貌的) imperfect 不完美的 (perfect 完美的) immoral 不道德的 (moral 符合道德的) illegal 非法的 (legal 合法的) illogical 不合逻辑的 (logical 合乎逻辑的) illiterate 文盲的 (literate 文盲的) illegible 难以辨认的 (legible 清晰可读的) irregular 不规则的 (regular 规则的) irresponsible 不负责任的 (responsible 负责的) irrelevant 不相关的 (relevant 有关联的) irreplaceable 无可替代的 (replace 替换) irrefutable 无可辩驳的 (refutable 可反驳的) irrevocable 不可取消的 (revocable 可撤销的) 在内部，向内，进入 (是ex-的反义词缀) impel驱动，敦促做……事情 (pel = push 推) impulse 冲动 (pulse 跳动，脉搏) implicit 含蓄的 (plic 重叠) incentive 激励 (cent 唱歌) impersonate 扮演，模仿 (person 人) illuminate 照亮，使……明白 (lumin光 [footnoteRef:5]) [5: 物理中光通量的单位“流明”就是直接音译于这个词根] irruption 闯入，冲入 (rupt 断) irradiate 使……明亮，生辉 (radi 发光) 【拓展】 ★be responsible for sth. 　　 对某事负责 be responsible to sb. 向某人负责 a responsible job/position 责任重大的工作╱岗位 ★take (the) responsibility of 承担……的责任 have responsibility for (doing) sth 对做某事负责 a sense of responsibility 责任感 ◎You alone are responsible for realizing your great potential. ◎As a responsible girl, I hope to take up a job which is good to society. ◎I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. ◎Mike is responsible for designing the entire project. 迈克负责设计全部工程。 ◎Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.因患肺癌而死亡者，约90%是吸烟所致。 ◎The Council of Ministers is responsible to the Assembly. 内阁须向议会负责。 【习题】 【2023雅礼高一上月考1】Some governments are reluctant to shoulder their own ____________(responsible). responsibility 【2023雅礼高一上月考1】I realized that I should be responsible____ not only myself, but also for the society. for 【2023一中高一上月考1】Senior High School will help you learn and grow, yet you alone are responsible _________ realizing your great potential. for 【2022一中高一下期中】Being responsible and independent __________________ (not mean) being alone. doesn’t mean 13. forward adv. 向前；进展；向将来；提前 adj. 向前的，前进的；未来的 vt. 发送，寄；转寄 n. 前锋 【拓展】 ★look forward　　　 向前看;展望 look forward to 盼望;期望 step forward 走上前 put forward 提出 ★from this day forward从此以后 ◎Now solutions have been put forward to give this e-waste a new life ◎Try to move forward to a place of pure silence. 【习题】 【2023长郡高一上月考1】Huda Mohammed, a doctoral student is looking forward to ________ (spend) her third Spring Festival in China. spending 【1-2025一中高一上月考1】____________ (base) on the results, so far the proposal has been put forward by ____________ (professional) that children should be inspired to get close to and explore nature. Based professionals 14. make a difference 起作用,有影响 【拓展】 ★make a difference to　　　 对……起作用,有影响 make some/no difference to 对……有些/无作用; 对……有些/无影响 ◎I hope my suggestions can make a difference. I’ll continue to offer help if you need. ◎I believe such measures will make a difference to your life and study. ◎Looking at the back of the boy, David hoped his action could make some difference to the boy. 【习题】 【长郡2023级入学考】Not only is your job to help make a difference, but it’s also ___________ (ride) the wave with them. to ride 【附中2023级入学考】 Letting students feel their ability ___________ (make) a difference. making 【2025届长沙新高考适应性考试】Abstract modelling makes________ big difference. a 15. make the most of 充分利用;尽情享受 【拓展】 ★make the best of　　　 充分利用;尽量好好去做 make use of 利用 make full/good use of 充分/好好利用 ◎To fully realize your potential, it is important for you to make the most of our school resources. ◎We should make the best of the free time to study something we really like. ◎I learn to seize every opportunity to learn and make use of all kinds of learning resources. 【习题】 【1-2024一中高一下月考1】The "best years of your life"? Maybe not, but you can learn to make________most of your high school days. the 【2023雅礼高一上月考1】If you’re considering where to go at Easter or other holidays and searching for some family holiday ideas, why not_______ (make) the most of your time off by planning a trip to one of Britain’s best beaches? make 【2023雅礼高一上月考1】To fully realize your potential, it is important for you_______ (make) the most of our school resources. to make RSentences 16. Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. 同样重要的是好的学习习惯、有用的技能和积极的态度。  【拓展】 (1)本句是一个倒装句。其正常语序为:Good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal importance. 这种倒装结构主要是为了平衡句子结构。 ◎Present at the meeting are some experts from all over the country. ◎In the classroom are forty Chinese students, twenty American students and two teachers. (2)句中of equal importance是of+抽象名词结构,等同于一个形容词。 ◎I hope my suggestions are of great help to you and look forward to your reply! ◎Having enough sleep is of great importance. 【习题】 Of equal importance_______(be) good study habits, useful skills and _______positive attitude. are a 句式仿写。 ______________________________________________  同样重要的是你实现梦想的方式。 Of equal importance is the way you realize your dream. 17. Over the next three years, you will discover your potential while you develop as a student and as a person. 在接下来的三年里,你将在作为一名学生和作为一个人不断发展的同时发现你的潜力。 【拓展】 本句是一个复合句。句中while引导时间状语从句。 ◎We will watch Spring Festival Gala on TV while we are eating delicious food. ◎I have been amazed by the excellent Chinese you spoke when we first met. ◎While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. 【when与while引导从句之异同】 (1)when相当于at/during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间,可以与终止性动词或延续性动词连用; while相当于during the time that,指一段时间,因此只能与延续性动词连用。 (2)when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。 (3)while除了表示“当……时”,还有“而,然而”“尽管”之意。 【习题】 写出下列句中while的意思。 The eagle kite is made of plastic while the butterfly kite is made of cloth. 对比 While social media have some advantages, they might have a bad impact on teenagers. 虽然，尽管 Thank you for your help while I was travelling in Sydney last summer vacation. 当...时候 必修一U1【Grammar语法】 ●Grammar & Integrated skills R Words 1. focus n. 焦点，重点 vt.& vi. 集中 【变形】focused adj. 目标清晰的；目标明确的，重点突出的 【拓展】 ★focus on sb. /sth. 　 聚焦；把注意力集中于…… focus your attention on sb. /sth. 把注意力集中于…… ★the focus of ……的焦点 ◎Nowadays, teenagers’ mental health has become the focus of attention.如今，青少年的心理健康已成为人们关注的焦点。 ◎It took a few moments for her eyes to focus in the dark. 过了好一会她的眼睛才适应黑暗。 ◎The children's faces are badly out of focus in the photograph. 照片上孩子们的脸模糊不清。 ◎His comments provided a focus for debate. 他的评论提供了辩论的重点。 【习题】 【2024长郡高一上入学】It will help you become more patient and__________ (focus). focused 【2024长郡高一上期末】The news about the disease is always the focus __________ us. of 【2022师大附中高一上月考3】Taking his or her personalities, characters and personal traits into deep consideration helps to see the whole picture rather than merely focus_______one’s physical appearance. on 【2023雅礼高一上月考1】_____________ (focus) on each class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says. Focusing 【2023长郡高一上月考1】Sure, you helped them out where you could but ultimately you had your own work_____________ (focus) on. to focus 【2024长郡高一上期中】When everyone else in the class _____________ (focus) on tasks, I could not. focused 2. detail n. 细节；具体情况 【变形】detailed adj. 详细的;细致的 【拓展】 ★in detail　　　　　　　 详细地 go into details/the detail 详细叙述;逐一说明 ◎Tell me the main points now; leave the details till later. 把要点告诉我，细节留到以后再说。 ◎This is a detail from the 1844 Turner painting.这是透纳1844年水彩画的一小部分。 ◎The report provides every detail with detailed analysis of the situation.该报告提供了每个细节，并对情况进行了详细的分析。 【习题】 【2023雅礼高一上月考1】You should set down some important ______(detail) while listening to the tape. details 【2022雅礼高一上月考1】I can make a _______ (detail) introduction of our splendid culture. detailed 【2024长郡高一上期末】Durrell’s attention to detail_______ (be) what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. is 3. tip n.末端 n.小费 n.建议；指点 vi.（使）倾斜；vt.倾倒；倒出 vt.给小费 【变形】tip-tipped-tipped-tipping ◎Cape Town is at the southern tip of the African continent.开普敦位于非洲大陆的最南端。 ◎We tipped plates of fresh meat, fish and vegetables into the pot.我们把一盘盘鲜肉、鱼和蔬菜倒进锅里。 ◎He gave the waiter a generous tip.他给了服务员很多小费。 ◎The house is in tip-top condition.这座房子的状况没得挑。 【习题】 【2025一中高二上期末】On the way, a young woman talked to me and gave me_____________ tip for a visit to a hidden local restaurant with delicious and affordable food. a 【2025周南高二上期末】Your dentist can give you ____________(tip) on cleaning your teeth more effectively and treat more serious disease. tips 4. base vt. 以……为基础(依据) n. 根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营 【变形】basis n．原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础 【变形】basic adj.基本的；基础的 【变形】basically adv.大体上；基本上 【变形】based adj.办公地点在...的；以...为总部的 【构成复合词】...为基础的 【拓展】 ★base...on/upon... 把……建立在……的基础上 be based on/upon 以……为根据(基础) ★as a base for 作为……基础/基地 on the basis of 在……的基础上 on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期 ★computer-based teaching 计算机教学 ◎When it comes to the option of courses, I think we should base our choice on our interest.说到课程的选择，我认为我们应该根据我们的兴趣来做出选择。 ◎A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust.很多生意仍然是通过电话完成的，其中很多都基于信任。 ◎A lot of business is still done over the phone,and much of it is based on trust. 很多生意仍然是通过电话完成,其中很多都是基于信任。 ◎There are some good things about choosing the Great Wall as a base for the study tour. 选择长城作为研学旅游基地有很多好处。 【习题】 【2022一中高一上期末】We should base our conclusions on______________ (base) facts and solid evidence. basic 【2023南雅高二上月考1】______________ (base) on traditional production processes and fillings, including different nuts and dried fruits, mature vinegar is added, which greatly improves its flavor. Based 【2024雅礼高一下期末】In recent years，various regions have introduced innovative moon cakes flavors ______________ (base) on their local characteristics. based 5. remind vt. 提醒,使想起 【变形】reminder n. 引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物 【拓展】 ★remind...about/of... 　　 使……想起……;提醒…… remind sb. that. . . 提醒某人…… remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 ◎This will remind you of what you are working for and let you focus on it.这将提醒你，你是在为什么工作，并使你专注于它。 ◎The chemistry teacher reminded the students that they should not touch the facilities in the lab.化学老师提醒学生们不要触摸实验室里的设备。 ◎However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. 然而,爸爸提醒她含糖的点心对牙齿有害。 ◎The robot is only able to perform basic functions like reminding the driver to turn off the headlights. 这个机器人只能发挥一些基本功能，比如，提醒驾驶员关掉大灯。 【习题】 【2024名校联考高一上联考2】They will teach many traffic regulations to remind us _________(pay) attention to traffic safety.   to pay 【2024名校联考高一上联考2】The new function can remind you ____________ appointments and important dates. of 【2023一中高一上月考1】I chose it as a gift to as a ______________ (remind)of my unforgettable time here with you. reminder 【2022雅礼高一上月考1】What had happened that day reminded me____________ a famous saying “A friend in need is a friend indeed. ” of 【2023长郡高一上月考1】Similarly, a small piece of public praise for a high-performing employee can remind the rest of the team____________ you do notice when they work hard and perform well. that 【2023一中高一上月考3】A great way to remind you____________(laugh) more is to have daily jokes on your phone or email. to laugh 【2023长郡高一上月考1]If you need a little boost, place posters around your mirror that remind you of the___________ (charm) parts of your body. charming 6. proposal n. 提议,建议,动议 【变形】propose vt. 提议，建议 【拓展】 ★make a proposal that. . . 　　 提出建议…… submit/consider/accept/reject a proposal 提交╱审议╱接受╱拒绝一项建议 ★propose that. . . 提议，建议 propose doing/to do sth. 打算做某事 ◎The proposal that was aimed at balancing school work and other useful skills was accepted by our school.我们学校接受了这个旨在平衡学业和其他有用技能的建议。 ◎The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear. 老师会要求第二个提议,如果第一个跑题或不清楚。 ◎We make a proposal that each student in our school (should)donate at least 2 books. 我们提议学校里的每一个学生至少捐赠两本书。 ◎Dad proposed that we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house. 爸爸建议我们应该沿着通往农场小屋的河走。 【习题】 【2024名校联考高一上联考2】It couldn’t be better if you could offer me some _________(propose). proposals 【2023长郡高一上月考1】The committee will review the proposal you ___________(propose) last week. proposed 【2024一中高一下月考1】China’s Tree-Planting Day could date back to a _______________ (propose) made by Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), a great Chinese revolution leader, to Beiyang Government (1915-1927) in 1915. proposal 7. aim n. 目的,目标 vi. & vt. 力争做到;目的是;针对 【变形】aimless adj. 没有方向的;无目标的 【变形】aimlessly adv.无目的地 【拓展】 ★aim at　　　　　 瞄准;针对 aim sth at sb/sth 用某物朝向/瞄准某人/某物 aim to do/at doing... 旨在做……；力求达到…… be aimed at 目的是；旨在 ★with the aim of 怀着……的目标 ◎He aims to finish his journey by mid-July. 他的目标是到七月中旬结束他的行程。 ◎Students went to the farm with the aim of experiencing the hardships of the farmers.学生们去农场是为了体验农民们的艰辛。 ◎The project aims to improve the students’ ability of listening and speaking.该项目旨在提高学生的听说能力。 ◎Many students spend most of their time playing computer games or chatting aimlessly with others. 很多学生花费大量的时间打游戏,或漫无目的地与他人聊天。 ◎Jane moved aimlessly down the street, not knowing where she was heading.简漫无目的地走在街上，不知道自己要去往哪里。 【习题】 【2024一中高一下期中】Urquhart launched the Run Antarctica _________(aim) to encourage more women to do sports. aiming 【2024实验高一下期末】I found myself doing schoolwork only with the aim________ getting good grades for university admissions. of 【2024实验高一下期末】The specific types of incense are chosen based on the individual’s condition, _________(aim) to restore balance and promote well-being, aiming 【2024一中高一下期中】The group, which depends on community volunteers, _________(aim) to plant 500,000 trees by 2025. aims 8. profession n.（尤指需要长期训练和正规资格的）职业；（某）职业界同行，同业；（统称，指需要较高教育水平的）职业 【变形】professional adj.职业的；专业的 n.职业选手；专业人士 【变形】professionalism n.职业化；专业水准；专业素质 【变形】professionally adv.职业上；职业性地；由专业人员所做 -ism n. 主义，宗教 capitalism 资本主义 (capital 资本) socialism 社会主义 (social 社会的) communism 共产主义 (commun 共同的) feminism 女权主义 (femin 女性) sexism 性别歧视 (sex 性别) optimism 乐观主义 (optim 最好的) pessimism 悲观主义 (passim 最坏的) idealism 理想主义 (idea 理想，理念，观念) n. 学术流派 Impressionism 印象派 (impression 印象) Platonism 柏拉图主义 (Plato 柏拉图) Modernism 现代主义 (modern 现代的) Behaviorism 行为主义 (behavior 行为) n. 行为，现象， 状态，性质 plagiarism 剽窃 (plagiary 斜的) tourism 旅游业 (tour 旅游) humanism 人性 (human 人) ◎They're both doctors by profession.他们两人的职业都是医生。 ◎She was at the very top of her profession.她是她那个行业中的佼佼者。 ◎Her abilities carried her to the top of her profession.她的才能使她在本行业中出类拔萃 【2025附中高二上期中】The art competitions were called off because so many competitors were __________________(profession) artists, and the Olympics were supposed to make the amateurs (people who didn’t get paid for their athletic or artistic talent) shine. professional 【2025附中高三下模1】Running through Thursday, the fair _________________(expect) to draw more than 30,000 publishing__________________(professional) and over 1,000 exhibitors from around the world. is expected professionals 9. as a result of由于 【拓展】 ★as a result　　　 结果 ★result in 导致,引起 result from 产生于……, 由……引起 ◎John can’t take part in the match tomorrow as a result of his knee injury.由于膝盖受伤，约翰不能参加明天的比赛了。 ◎The young man never cared about details. As a result, he made a big mistake.这个年轻人从不关心细节，结果他犯了一个大错误。 ◎His failure in this exam resulted from his not working hard enough.他这次考试不及格是因为不够努力。 ◎Not working hard enough resulted in his failure in the exam.他不够努力导致他这次考试不及格。 【习题】 【2022雨花区高一上期末】Some of the serious results_________ overeating include weight gain and heart disease. from 【2023附中高一上月考1】Teenagers’ physical changes may result _________ such family tensions. in 【2022雅礼高一下入学考】However, since it kept orbiting around the Earth without any _________ (result), scientists became increasingly comfortable abandoning things that no longer served any useful purpose in space. results 【2024二附中高一上期中】Many students spend most of their time playing computer games, which may result ______ poor health. in 【2022长郡高一上期中】I often go to the English Corner to practise my spoken English. As ______result, I’m good at English. a 【2022长郡高一上期中】Many hair problems result _____ what you eat. from 【2022雅礼高一下入学考】It ________________ (result) in any serious problems up to now. has resulted 【2022雅礼高一下入学考】This overnight success also brought a lot of pressure, ________________ (result) in a three-year-long writer’s block (瓶颈期). resulting R Sentences 10. You may find achieving goals difficult.  你会发现实现目标是困难的。 此句含有find的复合结构，即find+宾语+宾补，其具体用法如下： adj./adv. 介词短语 find+宾语+ 名词/代词 不定式 现在分词（表示主动、进行） 过去分词（表示被动、完成） find+it+形容词/名词+to do（it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语） ◎You will find paper cutting easy if you keep practising it.如果你坚持练习，你会发现剪纸挺容易的。 ◎When he came to himself, he found himself in hospital.他醒来时，发现自己在医院里。 ◎I find my partner an outgoing and confident guy.我发现我的同伴是个外向且自信的小伙子。 ◎As time goes by, they find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.随着时间的推移，他们发现中国人很幸福快乐。 ◎He found his son doing an experiment in the garden.他发现儿子正在花园里做实验。 ◎When he arrived, he found all the work already finished.他到达时，发现所有的工作都已经完成了。 ◎We found it difficult to persuade him to change his mind.我们发现说服他改变主意很难。 【习题】 I hope you’ll find these suggestions ____________(use). I believe you will find a club ____________(suit) for you. Towards nightfall, I found myself ______________(carry) out to sea by a strong wind. A group of children were found ______________(play) on the playground. The old man found his wallet ______________(steal) in the market. useful suitable carried playing stolen 必修一U1【Extended reading语法】 ● Extended Reading R Words 1. exchange n. [C/U]交换；互换；交流；掉换 n.[C]交谈；对话；争论 n.[U]兑换；汇兑 n.[C]（不同国家人或团体之间的）交流，互访 v.交换；交流；掉换 v.兑换；交易；更换 【拓展】 ★exchange sth with sb 与某人交换某物 exchange A for B　 拿A换B exchange ideas/news/information 交流思想/互通消息/交流信息 ★in exchange (for) 作为(对……的)交换 an exchange of sb. /sth. 　　 ……的互换 exchange student交换生 an exchange of glances/insults 互递眼色；相互侮辱 an exchange of fire (= between enemy soldiers) 交火 currency exchange facilities货币兑换设备 trade and cultural exchanges with China 与中国的贸易和文化交流 ◎I’ve never exchanged words with those moms beyond small talks, but they wanted to help. 除了闲聊之外,我从来没有和那些妈妈们交流过,但是,她们想要帮忙。 ◎The Chinese Basketball Association, now chaired by Yao Ming, announced that it has suspended any exchanges and cooperation with the Rockets. 现由姚明担任主席的中国篮协宣布暂停与火箭队的所有交流与合作。 ◎There was only time for a brief exchange.只有简短的交谈时间。 ◎Juliet and David exchanged glances. 朱丽叶和戴维相互看了看对方。 ◎You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel.你可在旅馆把你的钱兑换成美元。 【习题】 【2022明德高一下期中】They receive points which can be exchanged _________ goods. for 【2022雅礼高二下期末】I hope we can exchange experience in learning foreign languages __________ each other more often. with 【1-2024一中高二下月考1】They asked for an exchange ___________ prisoners. of 【2024一中高一下期中】Cultural exchange ______________(program) such as film festivals, concerts and photo exhibitions will be held. programs 【2024一中高二上入学】When you arrive, we will give you a student orientation (迎新会) and introduce you to other exchange ______________(student) and the surrounding community. students 【2024一中高二上入学】When school starts, you will begin the process of ______________(culture) exchange! cultural 【2022雅礼高二下期末】During the program, workers receive 100 % of their pay for working only 80 % of their usual week, in exchange___________promising to maintain 100 % of their productivity. for 2. tough adj.坚韧的，坚固的；强硬的，严厉的；嚼不动的； n.恶棍 v.坚持，忍受，忍耐 adv.坚强地，坚定地 【变形】toughen vt&vi（使）变强壮；（使）变困难 【变形】toughly adv.坚强地；强硬地 【变形】toughness n.[U]韧度；韧性 【拓展】 ★tough out 闯过（难关）；从（困境中）挺过来 ◎She is bright, tough and spunky.她聪明、顽强而且干劲十足。 ◎The film's budget dictated a tough schedule.该影片的预算决定了紧张的拍摄进度。 【2025长郡高二上期中】I expect to see your tough ______________(defend), sharp passing, and, most important, smart play as a team. defense 【2025长郡高二上期末】Hiking up was a lot ______________(tough) than hiking down, even when taking the flatter Bright Angel trail. tougher 【2025雅礼高三下月考8】Remember, tough______________(time) don’t last, but tough people do. You’re one of them.” Tears welled up in my eyes as I realized the depth of her kindness and the belief she had in me. times 【2024长郡高三上月考1】I had a tough time__________(drag) myself to karate for a while after that I missed Abigail so much. dragging 3. alarm n. 闹钟;恐慌;警报;警报器 vt. 使惊恐,使害怕 【变形】alarming adj. 令人惊恐的 【变形】alarmed adj. 担忧的;惊恐的 【拓展】 ★set the alarm　　　 上闹铃;定闹铃 sound the alarm 发出警报 ★at an alarming rate 以令人惊恐的速度 ★be alarmed at/by sth. 对……担忧;对……惊恐 ◎‘What have you done?’ Ellie cried in alarm .“你都干了些什么？”埃利惊恐地喊道。 ◎I felt a growing sense of alarm when he did not return that night.那天夜里他没有回家，我越来越感到恐慌。 ◎Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate. 不幸的是,蜜蜂正以令人惊恐的速度消失。 ◎They should not be too alarmed by the press reports, because everything was under control. 他们不应对新闻报道过于担心,因为一切尽在掌控之中。 ◎The alarming news alarmed residents, leaving many alarmed about their safety.这则令人担忧的消息惊吓了居民，让许多人担心自己的安全。 【习题】 【2024二附中高一上期中】The average person wakes up to ________alarm and then turns on the radio or TV. an 【2023雅礼高二下期中】The world’s forests are reducing at an _______________(alarm) rate. alarming 【2024麓山高二下学情检测】The passengers in the ship became _______________(alarm) when the waves began to crash over the bow. alarmed 4. contribution n. 贡献;捐款;捐赠 【变形】contribute vt. 捐献；贡献；投稿 【拓展】 ★make a. . . contribution to 为……做出……的贡献 make contributions/a contribution to 为……做出贡献 ★contribute to sth. 有助于……;促成……; 向……投稿/捐赠 -ion[footnoteRef:6] [6: 我们学习中常见的-sion/-tion其实就是-ion的同化结果，这里直接视为一类] n. 动作或状态 (另参考-ation) concision 简明，简洁 (concise 简洁的) expansion 扩张 (expand 扩大) discussion 讨论 (discuss 讨论) conclusion 结论 (conclude 下结论，总结) protection 保护 (protect 保护) decision 决定 (decide 做决定) n. 物品 accordion 手风琴 (accord 和谐) scorpion 蝎子 (scorp 原来的意思是一种鱼) mansion 大厦 (manse 住宅) confection 甜食 (con一起 + fect做)[footnoteRef:7] [7: confection的字面意思是放在一起做的食物，西式甜点会将很多的甜食放在一起做成一道甜食] ◎All contributions will be gratefully received. 我们对所有捐资表示感谢。 ◎He made a very positive contribution to the success of the project.他对项目成功贡献良多。 ◎All contributions for the May issue must be received by Friday.所有要在五月这一期发表的稿件必须在星期五以前寄到。 ◎We rely entirely on voluntary contribution. 我们全靠自愿捐赠。 ◎His generous contribution will contribute significantly to the charity's success.他慷慨的捐赠将大大促进慈善机构的成功。 【拓展】 ★make a. . . contribution to 为……做出……的贡献 make contributions/a contribution to 为……做出贡献 ★contribute to sth. 有助于……;促成……; 向……投稿/捐赠 【习题】 【2023南雅高二上月考1】It's a sad reality that many of us find ourselves just too busy (contribute) to our communities． to contribute 【2023雅礼高二上入学】In short, wasting food increases greenhouse gas emissions and (contribute) to climate change. contributes 【2024雅礼高二下月考3】Sweating (contribute) to a decrease in blood pressure to some extent. Here are four research-backed reasons why this salt-based fluid can benefit you. contributes 【2023长郡高一下月考1】Making good friends (contribute) to your personal happiness as well. It's important to move to avoid the negative health influences. contributes 【2022雅礼高一下期末】Each of us (contribute) to the jar weekly. However, we still haven’t gone to a game because my father had to work every Saturday. contributes 【2024一中高一下期中】We should make ____________ (contribute)and efforts to carry it forward. contributions 5.fortunately adv. 幸运地，幸亏 【拓展】 ★make a/one’s fortune 发财;发迹 try one’s fortune 碰运气 ◎Fortunately, after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave. 幸运的是,在医院待了短暂的一会,Ben就被允许出院了。 ◎Unfortunately, later all of them felt sick and had a stomachache.不幸的是,随后他们都感到恶心,并且胃疼得厉害。 ◎Unless you work hard, no fortune will come. 除非你努力工作,否则运气不会降临。 ◎We’ve all heard stories of some people who have made their fortune on the Internet. 我们都听说过一些人在网上发财的故事。 ◎Fortunately, we were fortunate enough to avoid the storm, which was pure good fortune. 幸运的是，我们很幸运地躲过了风暴，这纯粹是好运气。 【习题】 【2023长郡高一上月考1】_______________ (fortunate), my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement. Fortunately 【2022雅礼高一上月考3】_______________ (fortunate), her marriage is on the rocks. Unfortunately 【2022雅礼高一上月考3】_______________ (fortunate), in the end, they cannot make the decision for you. Unfortunately 【2024实验高一下期末】Unfortunately, this often results_______________ confused players arguing about how the game should be played. in 6.option n. 可选择的事物，选择；选修课 【变形】optional adj. 可选择的,随意的 【拓展】 ★have no option but to do sth. 除了做某事外别无选择 ◎This particular model comes with a wide range of options. 这一种型号的货品有很多选择。 ◎Attending lectures on Western culture is also a good option for you. 参加关于西方文化的讲座对你来说也是个好选择。 ◎I had no option but to follow them, getting my shoes wet and dirty with mud. 我别无选择只能跟着他们,鞋湿透了,沾满了泥。 ◎I’m very delighted to know that our school is going to offer several optional courses. 我很高兴得知我们学校将要提供一些选修课程。 【习题】 【2023南雅高二上月考1】_______________(variety) of this mooncake include garlic, salt and pepper，and spicy cray fish_______________ (option). Varieties options 【2022一中高一上检测1】Good ___________ (option) include going to an amusement park, working together on a craft project or signing your kids up for sports. options 【2022南雅高二上月考3】In your bathroom, for example, experiment with plastic-free ___________ (option) such as soap instead of shower gel (沐浴露). options 【2023雅礼高二下期中】It had __________ option for talking to a real person. an 【2024麓山高二下学情检测】Recent news, local events, popular books and television shows are all good fallback ___________ (option). options 7.attract vt. 吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应) 【变形】attraction n. 吸引人的事物,景点 【变形】attractive adj. 有吸引力的,吸引人的 【拓展】 ★attract…to… 把……吸引到…… attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力 be attracted by… 被……吸引 be attracted to…　　 喜爱，爱上 ★a tourist attraction 旅游景点 -ive a. 有……性质的 会导致……的 倾向于……的 (另参见-ative) active 积极的，活跃的 (act 做) passive 被动的 (pass 承受) defective 有缺陷的 (de离开 +fect做) repulsive 令人厌恶的 (re反 + puls = push推) pensive 沉思的，愁苦的 (pens 悬挂，悬而未决) n. 人或物 detective 侦探 (detect 察觉) captive 俘虏 (capt 抓住) native 本地人 (nat 出生) explosive 炸药 (explode 爆炸) ◎At the end of each term, students put on a calligraphy show, attracting more students to Chinese calligraphy.在每个学期结束时，学生们都会举办一场书法表演，以吸引更多的学生来学习中国书法。 ◎Thousands of people are attracted to go on holiday there every year. 每年数以千计的人们被吸引到这里度假。 ◎The warm damp air attracts a lot of mosquitoes. 温暖潮湿的空气招来了大量蚊子。 ◎His comments were bound to attract criticism .他的说话必然会招致批评。 ◎Once inside, we were attracted to an exhibition that gave a vivid account of Beijing’s history. 一进去,我们就喜欢上这个详细描述北京历史的展览。 ◎The Palace Museum in Beijing ranked first among the top 100 happiest tourist attractions in 2019. 在2019年中国旅游景区欢乐指数排名前100的景点中,北京故宫博物院位居第一。 ◎The new museum exhibit attracts many visitors due to its attractive displays, becoming the city's main tourist attraction. 新博物馆展览因其吸引人的展品而吸引了许多游客，成为该市的主要旅游景点。 【习题】 【2022雅礼高一上月考1】If you've always felt that you look ______________(attractive) in videos than you do in photographs, you're not alone. more attractive 【2023一中高一上月考1】It turns out that looking______________(attract) in photos isn't easy due to what researchers are calling the “frozen face effect.” unattractive 【2022雅礼高一上月考1】When they were then asked to rank the imagery based on ______________(attract), the videos consistently ranked higher than the corresponding stills. attractiveness 【2024雅礼高一下期末】If everyone got surgeries to become attractive, everyone would be________ (exact) the same. exactly 【2023长郡高一上期中】Plan accordingly and make sure everyone can see some of their top _____________(attract). attractions 【2024一中高一下期中】The outdoor event______________(attract) over 300 audience members and featured Chinese musicians, including the music band of traditional Chinese music of the Central Conservatory of Music. attracted 【2024一中高一下月考1】Throughout the summer holiday period, the cocoa botanical garden was abuzz with activities, ______________(attract) an average of 3,000 visitors daily. attracting 【2024一中高一下月考1】Visitors can explore the park’s beautiful scenery, and then experience the charm of the city’s downtown area, with cultural _____________(attract) and historic landmarks. attractions 【2022南雅高二上月考3】The North Shore is home to world-class surf contests, ______________(attract) the world’s top surfers. attracting 【2022南雅高二上月考3】Students ______________(attract) to the course for the student-friendly learning in class. are attracted 【2023中南博才高二上月考1】When I finish a climb, that sense of achievement and joy are the biggest ______________(attract) . attraction 【2023中南博才高二上月考1】Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds; what kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing ______________(attract) clothes? attractive 【1-2024一中高二下月考1】In Europe, most of the tourists were attracted ____________ these beautiful artworks. to/by 8. over time随着时间流逝,久而久之 ◎If you focus your attention on your study, you will make advances over time.如果你将注意力集中在学习上，久而久之你会有进步。 ◎Zongzi was traditionally made in honor of Qu Yuan. But over time ,it has been more and more common. 粽子传统上是为了纪念屈原。但是随着时间流逝,它正变得越来越普遍。 ◎We know that anything can be achieved over a cup of tea. 我们知道任何事喝着茶就能完成。 【词块积累】 over a cup of coffee/ tea 　　 一杯咖啡或茶的功夫 边喝咖啡/茶边做…… over dinner 在吃晚饭的时候 over the last/past few years 在过去的一些年里 【习题】 【2023长郡高一上月考1】My language skills ________________(improve) over time. have improved 【2024一中高二下期末】Over time, Baiyangdian Lake ____________ (remain) steadfast (不变的) in fulfilling crucial ecological roles from storing floodwater to regulating the climate. has remained R Sentences 9. Learning in English was a great challenge for me.   在全英语环境中学习对我来说是一个巨大的挑战。 　　本句是一个简单句。句中Learning in English为动名词作主语。动名词作主语一般表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 ◎Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 沿着古老的“丝绸之路”旅行是一次有趣、有益的经历。 ◎Shopping on the Internet is becoming more and more popular. 网上购物正变得越来越流行。 ◎Getting along well with them is an important part of my personal development. 与他们相处融洽是我个人发展中重要的一部分。 动名词作主语两点提醒 (1)动名词常常被看作是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语用第三人称单数形式。 (2)动名词有时用it作形式主语,而把动名词后置。 ◎It’s a waste of time playing video games every day. 每天玩电子游戏简直就是浪费时间。 【习题】 ________(learn) to speak simple Chinese well is the first thing to do. It is no good _______(talk) to him, because he never listens. _______(take) more exercise can not only rest your brain but also build up your body. Learning talking Taking 10. Although there was not as much homework as I was used to, it was still challenging. 尽管没有过去的作业那么多,但是仍然很有挑战性。 　　本句是一个复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句。从句中“as+形容词或副词原级+as. . . ”表示同级比较，意为：和……一样……。其中第一个as为副词,第二个as为连词,常用于引导一个比较状语从句。 ◎Although he grew up speaking both Spanish and English, he still did not feel his English ability was very strong. 尽管他长大过程中说西班牙语和英语,但是他仍然没感觉他的英语能力有多强。 ◎I no longer see as much wildlife in the countryside as I used to. 我在乡下再也看不到以前那样多的野生动物了。 ◎Search on the Internet to get as much relative employment information as possible. 在网上搜索获得尽可能多的有关招聘的信息。 ★as. . . as. . . 的具体结构 as+adj. /adv. +as. . . as+adj. +a/an+可数名词的单数+as. . . as+much+不可数名词+as. . . as+many+可数名词的复数+as. . . 否定形式：not as/so. . . as. . . 【习题】 (1)He doesn’t make _________________________he did before.  他不像以前那样犯如此多的错误了。 (2)We’d better spend _____________________we can with friends and family members.  我们最好与朋友和家人尽可能多地待在一起。 (3) _________________40 percent of American workers don’t even bother to take vacations.  多达40%的美国工人甚至懒得去度假。 as many mistakes as as much time as As many as 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $