Unit 1 Back to School 词汇 +语法 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版必修第一册

该高中英语导学案聚焦B1Unit 1词汇与语法，涵盖重点词汇（如potential、senior等）的词形转换、固定搭配及用法，语法部分详解倒装（完全与部分倒装）、句子成分与八大基本句型，通过归纳总结与例句表格构建知识支架，衔接词汇派生与语法规则的学习脉络。 资料特色在于词汇系统梳理与语法深度解析结合，融入高考真题例句（如读后续写范文），多样化练习（巩固练习、每日一练）助力语言能力提升，培养学生思维品质与自主学习能力，符合新课标核心素养要求，便于教师教学与学生高效掌握。

高一 B1Unit 1 词汇+语法 unit1重点词汇 课程导航 归纳总结 1. potential adj.潜在的;可能的 n.可能性;潜在性;潜力;潜质 →__________________(复数) →_________________ adv. 潜在地 potential customers 潜在的客户 a potential source of conflict 潜在的冲突根源 the potential for change 变革的可能性 have the potential______________ sth. 有做某事的可能 2. senior adj.中学的；级别(或地位)高的; 高级水平的;老年的n.较…年长的人;级别(或地位)较高者;上级;上司; 高水平运动员 →____________（反义词） be senior _________比… 年长;比… 资深；比… 级别（地位）高 （be junior to 比… 年幼; 比… 资历浅；比… 级别（地位）低 ） be senior to sb by … years 比某人大…岁 3. challenge n. 挑战；怀疑 vt. 向…挑战；对…质疑→________________adj. 具有挑战性的；不赞成的 meet the challenge  迎接挑战；满足要求 ______________the challenge  接受挑战，奋起应付挑战 challenge sb ______sth 向某人挑战某事 challenge sb to do sth 向某人挑战做某事 a challenging and rewarding career as a teacher  富有挑战性且有意义的教师职业 4. advance n.前进，行进;进步;进展 v. 前进，发展，进步;促进 →________________adj. adj. 先进的；高级的；晚期的；年老的 ________advance  adv. 预先，提前 = ahead of time ________advance of  超过；在…前 recent advances in medical science 医学的最新进展 advanced technology  先进技术 advanced stage 晚期；高级阶段 ①They had _____________ 20 miles by nightfall.  夜幕降临时，他们已推进了20英里 ②advance our understanding of language learning提高了我们对语言学习的认识 ③There were only three of us on the______________course. 只有我们三人学高级课程。 5. amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的;令人惊喜的→________________adj. 感到惊叹的 →__________ vt. 使吃惊→_______________ adv. 令人惊讶地；惊奇地→________________n. 惊异；惊愕 an amazing achievement/discovery/success/performance  惊人的成就╱发现╱成功╱表演 be amazed _________ /by 对…感到惊叹 _________one’s amazement 让人感到惊叹的是 _________amazement 惊讶地 =________surprise 【联想助记】 情感类动词 v＋ing 表示“使人感到....的” v＋ed表示“感到.....的” Eg: excite/exciting/excited disappoint/ disappointing/ disappointed move/ moving/ moved surprise/ surprising/ surprised 6. confidence n.信心;信任;把握→ ________________adj.自信的; 有把握的→_________________ adv. 自信地；安心地 →_________________adj. 秘密的；机密的 → 自信 self-confidence n. self-confident  have confidence ______ = have belief in 对…有信心 gain confidence 获得自信 be confident in/ of/ about 对… 有信心 6. equal adj. (大小、数量、价值等) 相同的，同样的; 相等的; 平等的; 同等的; (力气、勇气、能力等) 相当的; 能胜任的; 能应付的 n. 同等的人; 相等物; v. 与…相等，等于; 比得上; 敌得过 →______________ adv. 同样地；相等地，平等地；公平地 → _____________ n.  平等；相等 be equal________ (doing) sth 相等；胜任；合适 (做某事) equal rights/pay 平等的权利；同酬 on equal terms (with sb) （与某人）处于平等的地位 be without equal/ have no equal 无与伦比；无敌；无比 2 plus 2 equals 4 2+2=4 equal sb/ sth _______ (doing) 在(做) 某事方面逼得上，敌得过某人（某物） equal the world record. 平了世界纪录 ①There is ____________________________________ boys and girls in the class. 这个班男女生人数相等。 ②The company has an equal opportunities policy . 这家公司的政策是人人机会均等。 ③He is a player ___________________________________. 他是个无与伦比的运动员。 8. responsible adj. 负责的，可靠的；有责任的 比较级→ more responsible 最高级 most responsible →___________________ n. 责任，职责；义务 （同义词duty ）n.责任；义务；本分 be responsible ________ 为… 负责；是……的原因 responsible care 责任关怀义务关心 ________________ responsibility 责任感，责任心 social responsibility 社会责任 take_____responsibility 承担责任 have/ take responsibility ______对… 有责任 It is one’s responsibility_______ sth 做某事是某人的责任 ①Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue ________________________ their children. 即使父母不再共同生活，他们也要分别对子女负责。 ②He is mentally ill and cannot be responsible for his actions. 他有精神病，不能对自己的行为负责。 9. independent adj. 自主的，有主见的；自立的 → depend vi 依赖，依靠；取决于 →dependent adj.依靠的；取决于…的→ _______________adv.依赖地 → _______________ n. 依赖；依靠→ independently adv. 独立地→_____________n. 独立 （注意构词法） be independent __________ 不依赖…的；不受…支配的 an independent inquiry/witness 独立的调查；无偏见的证人 financially independent 经济独立 The _________________ Day 独立日 School spirit: the spirit of independence, freedom of thought. 学校精神：独立之精神，自由之思想 ①She would like to be more financially independent. 她想要在财政上更加独立。 ③A good teacher encourages _________________________________________. 好的教师鼓励独立思考。 10. aim n.目的;目标;瞄准 v. 力争做到;目的是;旨在;瞄准;针对 → purpose n. / intent (intention)/ target v/ n (同义词) take aim ______ sb/sth 把目标对准某人（或某事物） with the aim of 为了… aim _______sth/ doing sth 对准，瞄准；目标是 （做某事） ___________________以… 为目标 aim _________ sth 立志做某事；意欲做某事 ①Take careful aim at the target before firing. 开火之前仔细瞄准目标 ②They aim at improving quality______________increasing quantity. 他们的目的在于提高质量而不是增加数量。 ③Criticism should ________________________________helping those criticized. 批评应该是与人为善的批评。 11. exchange n. 交换；交流；交易 vt. 交换；交易；兑换 exchange sth for sth 以某物交换某物 exchange sth with sb 和某人交换某物 make an exchange 交换 in exchange for 以… 交换… ①Juliet and David exchanged glances (= they looked at each other) . 朱丽叶和戴维相互看了看对方。 ②I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager. 我与经理握手，相互交谈了几句。  ③Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera? 用我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗？ 11. contribution n.贡献；捐赠；捐款；投稿 →__________________vt. 贡献；捐赠；投稿→ contributor n. 贡献者；投稿者；捐助者 contribute_______有助于；导致，促成； contribute … to … 向… 投稿/ 捐赠 make (great) contributions to 对…做出(巨大的)贡献 ①We contributed ￡5 000 to the earthquake fund. 我们向地震基金捐赠了 5 000 英镑。 ② Learning English________________________________to some extent. 英语也为个人发展做出一定得贡献。 13. fortunately adv. 幸运的→___________ n. 财富；命运；运气→___________ adj. adj. 幸运的;吉利的 →_________________n. 不幸 → __________________ adj. unfortunately adv. ___________ a fortunate 发财 try one’s fortune 碰运气 be fortunate in 在某方面幸运 be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事 ①I was late, but ____________________ the meeting hadn't started. 我迟到了，不过幸好会议还没有开始。 ②I was fortunate to be one of the lucky user. 我有幸成为幸运网友之一。 ③We became companions in misfortune. 我们成了患难之交。 【巩固练习】 Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空 2．To our ，he didn’t feel at the result of the exam.(amaze) 2．He himself with the most task，and amazingly he finished it perfectly.(challenge) 3．They hold the belief that everyone is born and should be treated .After all， is one of the basic human rights.(equal) 4．He a large amount of money to the project. In other words，he made great to the success of the project.(contribute) Ⅱ用方框内内短语的适当形式填空 lie in; rise to; make a difference; make the most of; last but not least; lead to; put simply; make advances; be responsible for; take part in 1. Last month’s bad weather _____________ the crop failure. 2. The medical community continues to _____________ in the fight against cancer. 3. _____________, the tax cuts mean the average person will be about 3‰ better off. 4. I would like to thank my publisher, my editor and, _____________, my husband. 5. This kind of discussion will certainly _____________ still greater differences between the two parties. 6. How many countries _____________ the last Olympic Games? 7. The chief difficulty _____________ finding a good opportunity. 8. He was determined to _____________ the challenge. 9. John’s score on the test will _____________ between his passing or failing the course. 10. The doctors have told him he’s _____________ the time. Ⅲ完成句子/ 单句写作 1．(建议信) 为了让你快速适应这里的学校生活，我写信给你一些建议。(不定式作状语)、 ________________________________________________________________________________，I am writing to give you some tips. 2．（人际关系）首先，交一些中国朋友对你来说很重要，他们可以在很多方面帮助你。(it is＋adj. to do) First of all，_________________________________________________________________________，who can help you in many ways. 3．（求助信） 一开始，我发现适应这儿的生活很难。(find＋it＋adj.＋to do) In the beginning，__________________________________________________________________________. 4．（介绍）因为这里的课程与中国的课程非常不同，所以我不得不求助于我的老师和同学。(so...that...) Because the classes here are ______________________________________________________________I have to turn to my teachers and classmates for help. 5．（咨询信）我写信向你征求如何与父母相处的建议。(“特殊疑问词＋to do”作宾语) I am writing to ask you for advice on______________________________________________________________. 6．如今，我和他们争吵似乎很常见。(it作形式主语) Nowadays，________________________________________________________________________________. 7．我们在迪士尼乐园里有许多可以探索的地方。(have sth to do) We ________________________________________________________________________in the Disneyland. 8．我收到了妹妹的来信，向我请教如何处理一个棘手的问题。(现在分词短语作后置定语) I received a letter from my sister________________________________________________________________. 9．她不知道是应该先和朋友谈谈还是等着她来道歉。(whether...or) She didn’t know _____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________. 10．既然她们是好朋友，我想她们是时候在事情变得更糟之前互相谈谈了。(it’s time to do...) Now that they are good friends，I think ________________________________________________________before things get worse. unit1重点句型 课程导航 归纳总结 1、I can't wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like. what引导__________从句，并在从句中作介词like的___________ 2、Put simply, potential is your natural ability that can be developed when you try hard enough. that can be developed when you try hard enough that引导________从句，修饰your natural ability，that在从句中作___________，该从句中包含一个when引导的______________从句 3、Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop! 三个what引导的__________从句构成平行结构，均作knows的_________语 4、Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. 本句为倒装句，主语是good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude，因主语较长，使用倒装可以使句子更加平衡，突出作者想要表达的内容。正常语序应该是“Good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal importance.”其中of equal importance 是“of+n.”结构，相当于equally important。 5、In time you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual. find yourself growing “find+宾语+宾补”结构，yourself与grow之间为逻辑上的_______关系，故用现在分词作_______。 " find+宾语+现在分词(短语)"结构：" find+宾语+宾补"结构的一种，意为"发现……正在……"，宾语与构成现在分词的动词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 in time ________________________________ at a time 一次，每次 at no time ___________ in no time________________ 6、As Lao-Tzu wisely said, " A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. " As引导的____________________从句，As指代整个___________。 7、John Li, a Chinese senior high school student, has spent a year. a Chinese senior high school student是主语John Li的______________语，对主语进行解释说明。 8、I still have photos of myself acting in William Shakespeare's A Mid-summer Night's Dream. acting动词-ing与myself构成主谓关系 9、What kind of questions should you ask when interviewing a teacher? when引导的时间状语从句的省略,补充完整应为: when you are interviewing a teacher。 10、Chinese Calligraphy is one of the many optional courses offered to students who are interested in traditional art. 动词-ed短语作______________,修饰 courses,构成动宾关系 who 引导的__________从句,修饰students,who 在从句中作_________。 11、 At the end of each term, students put on a calligraphy show, attracting more students to Chinese calligraphy. 动词-ing 短语作_________语 倒装知识点 课程导航 归纳总结 一、完全倒装 （一）定义: 指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。 （二）用法 1. 介词短语（往往表示地点）放在句首时： Next to it is another restaurant where we can have Chinese food. In front of them stood a great castle, bathed in morning sunshine. On the bed lay a sick old man groaning. 2. 方位副词，如east/west, out/in, up/down, here/there, now/then, below/above, away, off,等放在句首时： Down jumped the murderer from the sixth floor. Here comes Mary= Look! Mary’s coming. Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. There goes the bell= Look! The bell’s ringing. 3. 表语（常为形容词、分词、such）放在句首时： Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing music. Such is my friend, a clever and warm-hearted boy. Growing in the schoolyard are different kinds of flowers and grass. 注意：1）完全倒装需具备2个条件: ①主语必须是_____________.； ② 谓语必须是不及物动词vi 或者系动词linking verb。 2）如果主语为人称代词，仍用 陈述句语序，如： Here you are. There it goes! Away it flew. Up it went. 二、部分倒装 （一）定义：指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 （二）用法 1. 否定词或否定短语放在句首（never, little, not, rarely, seldom, hardly, scarcely, neither, nor,…）也包括具有否定意义的词组 ( in no way, by no means, under no circumstances, in no case, at no time…)。 Never have I seen a better film before. In no way can he pass the math exam this time. 2. No sooner…than…及Hardly/rarely/scarcely…when…置句首时： 注意：前半句用过去完成时，倒装；后半句用过去式，不倒装。 (1). He had hardly finished his exercises when the teacher came in.= Hardly had he finished his exercises when the teacher came in. . (2). He had no sooner gone out than it began to rain.= No sooner had he gone out than it began to rain 3. Not until置句首时, （主句须倒装，until从句不倒装，即“主倒从不倒”） (1) Not until his mother came back did he go to bed.= He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back. (2) Mary didn’t leave until John arrived. = Not until John arrived did Mary leave . = It was not until John arrived that Mary left. (“not until…”放在强调句型中，前后都是陈述语序，不能用倒装) 4. So/Such…that…置句首, （“如此…”部分需倒装, 但that从句部分不倒装） So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.  Such a force of the explosion was it that all the windows were broken. 5. Only +状语（即：only+ adv /介词短语 /状从）置句首时，（主句倒装，only后状语不倒装，即“主倒从不倒”） Only then did I realize the importance of English. Only in this way can you improve your ability. Only when the war was over was he able to get back to work again. 6. 置句首的Not only+ 分句+ but also+分句中，前倒后不倒。 Not only was everything he had taken away from him but also his German citizenship. 7. 省略if 的虚拟条件从句（had ,were,should开头） Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something. Should any one call, tell him to wait for me here. Were I you, I would accept his help. 8. adj./ adv./ v./ n. +as 引导的让步状语从句 (as相当于though, 但不能用although)，用正常语序（主语+谓语）。 Child as/though he is , he knows a lot about life. (名词前省略冠词) Hard as he works, he can’t pass the test. Try as he may, he will fail again. Smart as he is, he can’t figure out the problem. 【读后续写积累】 【2023年新高考全国I卷】 读后续写范文里面有这句话： A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. 几周后，当我差点忘记比赛的时候，传来了消息。 【2023届湖北省十一校高三第二次联考英语试题】 应用文写作范文里面有这句话： Not only is it distinguished for its expert training but it also offers a pleasant atmosphere to practice Kung fu. 【2023届如皋高三年级3.5模】 读后续写范文里面有这句话： Desperate as we were, we had no choice but to stay put, sinking with the boat. 尽管我们很绝望，但我们别无选择，只能呆在原地，随船沉没。 【山东省潍坊市2022-2023学年高三下学期3月学科核心素养测评英语试题】 读后续写范文里面有这句话： Cold as the winter was, all the needy kids were enveloped in the warmth from the nice and generous strangers.尽管冬天很冷，但所有需要帮助的孩子都被善良慷慨的陌生人的温暖所包围。 【苏州市2023届高三考前英语练习卷】 读后续写范文里面有这句话： So moved and overjoyed was I that I wanted to give her a big hug, to express my deepest gratitude. 我非常感动和高兴，我想给她一个大大的拥抱，表达我最深切的感激之情。 unit1语法 课程导航 归纳总结 句子成分与八大基本句子结构 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。主要有下面的七种基本成分。 1. 主语(subject) 句子的描述对象即为句子的主语。主语通常位于句子前面(部分)，常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句充当。 2. 谓语(verb) 谓语，对主语进行描述，通常位于句子后面(部分)，谓语部分的核心词必须由动词充当，必须体现为某一时态形式。 3. 宾语(object) 宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。故宾语一般放在及物动词之后。另外，介词后也会跟宾语。宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句等充当。 4. 表语(predicative) 表语在系动词之后，是用来说明主语的。表语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)及从句等充当。 5. 定语(attributive) 定语是用来修饰名词、代词的，常译为“……的”。单个词汇作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前，故称之为前置定语；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后，故称之为后置定语。定语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)及从句等充当。 6. 补语(complement) 补语分为主语补语和宾语补语，用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。通常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词及介词短语充当。 7. 状语(adverbial) 状语表示谓语行为的地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。通常由副词、介词短语、分词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。 八大基本句子结构 1. 主谓: 主语＋谓语(SV)（谓语动词为不及物动词，不能接宾语，但能表达完整的意义） 2. 主谓宾: 主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO)（谓语动词为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，它必须跟一个宾语） 3. 主系表: 主语＋连系动词＋表语(SVP)（谓语动词是系动词） 4. 主谓宾宾: 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVOO)（谓语动词带两个宾语(双宾语)，前一个为间接宾语(通常指人)，后一个为直接宾语(通常指物)）（句子结构可以是: “主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾”或“主＋谓＋直宾＋to/for＋间宾”。） 5. 主谓宾补: 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语(SVOC)（谓语动词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词） 提醒：可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语: 如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系，则该动词接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。 6. 主谓状: 主语＋谓语＋状语(SVA)（谓语动词也为不及物动词，但其后必须带有状语，否则结构不全，意义不完整。） 7. 主谓宾状: 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(SVOA)（谓语动词是及物动词，其后不但必须有宾语，而且宾语之后必须带状语）。 8. 存现句: 引导词there引导的句子（there为引导词，无词义；be为谓语动词，根据情况可以有单复数的变化，也可以有不同的时态变化。there be后面的名词为句子主语。） there在该结构中是个引导词，本身无词义。动词be是谓语，有时态变化，也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的就近的主语在单复数方面保持一致。 并列句(Compound sentence) 1. 联合关系 由并列连词and或not only...but also...连接的两个分句。 I turned on the TV and we sat down and watched it. 我开了电视机后，我们就坐下来看电视节目。 It not only gave us a chance to get close to nature, but also gave us relaxation from our study.它不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会，而且能让我们在学习之余得到放松。 2. 转折关系 多用连词but，yet，while等连接两个分句。 It rained heavily, but I still went to school.虽然天下着雨，但是我还是去上学了。 Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones lead to the opposite.好的习惯经常使得效率增高，而不好的习惯效果恰恰相反。 3. 选择关系 主要由连词or (或者；否则)，either...or...(要么……要么……)，not...but...(不是……而是……)等连词连接。 You may go with us, or you may stay at home.你既可以跟我们一起去也可以待在家里。 4. 因果关系 多用连词so或for连接。 He told me to do it, so I did it.他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。 5. 时间关系 由并列连词when连接两个分句，表示“就在这时突然……”。 Last Monday，I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。 [名师点津] (1)“祈使句+and/or (otherwise)+简单句”也是并列句的一种，or在此意为“否则”。 (2)并列句有时也可不用并列连词连接，而用分号(；)连接。 (3)so和because不能连用。 主从复合句(Complex sentence) 1. 名词性从句(相当于名词，可作句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语) When the plane is to take off has not been announced.(主语从句)飞机何时起飞尚未宣布。 That is why he did not come to school yesterday.(表语从句)那就是昨天他没来上学的原因。 He said that some teenagers didn’t work hard.(宾语从句)他说有些青少年不努力学习。 We heard the news that our team had won.(同位语从句)我们听到了我们球队获胜的消息。 2. 定语从句(相当于一个形容词，用来修饰一个名词或代词，在主句中作定语) The man who was full of anger was Mike’s father.那个非常生气的人是迈克的父亲。 I won’t forget the day when I had an argument with him.我忘不了和他吵架的那一天。 3. 状语从句(相当于副词，修饰谓语动词，或整个主句。根据表达的意思分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步等) When I saw him，I found him under great stress.我看见他时，觉得他压力很大。 I will meet my friend where I met my teacher last time.我会在上次遇到我老师的地方见我的朋友。 If you want to keep peace，you’d better be patient.如果你想保持和平，你最好耐心一些。 He was punished because he was late.他受到了惩罚，因为他迟到了。 Let’s get up early so that we can catch the early bus.我们早点起床吧，以便我们能赶上早班车。 He made so inspiring a speech that everyone got excited.他发表了如此鼓舞人心的演讲，以至于大家都很激动。 Please do as you are told.请按照你被告知的去做。 Although/Though he tried his best，he still missed the target.虽然他尽力了，但仍然没有打中目标。 [注意]　although/though不能和but连用，但可以和yet，still连用。 【句子成分练习】 一．选出划线部分在句中所作的成分 1．No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month A．谓语 B．表语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 2．Grandma told me an interesting story last night. A．定语 B．宾语 C．状语 D．主语 3．Trees turn green when spring comes. A．谓语 B．状语 C．表语 D．定语 4．He made it clear that he would leave the city. A．宾语 B．表语 C．宾补 D．状语 5．He broke a piece of glass. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．主语 D．定语 二．写出下面句子的基本句型。 1．Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm. 2．She loves the library because she loves books. 3．Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays. 4．To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult. 5．She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. 【每日一练】 1.完形填空（每题1.5分，计30分） One day, one of my children told me, “I hate you. ” I have to admit that I often say things that are     36    . They may hate me, but as a responsible father, I’m certain I’m doing a     37     job. There are three other words that I won’t     38     in my house, however. Last week, I was watching my older son play with a paper airplane. After he     39     threw it into a wall and it came apart, tears of pain     40     his blue eyes. “I hate myself," he said. I was     41    that he’d started to actually believe it. I knelt（跪） down next to him and made him look     42     my eyes. I told him that I never wanted to hear those words again, and that he needed to     43     himself. The    44   between your kids telling you they hate you and them saying they hate     45     is,  five minutes later, they’ve already forgotten they “hate you”. Self-hate is much more     46    , and for young people, it can influence the rest of their lives. Kids who start to believe they hate themselves     47     the chance to make a possible friend, because they suppose they’ll be     48    . And as adults, they might     49     not to apply for their dream jobs because they think it won’t     50    . I know this     51     I didn't have a high opinion of myself as a child, I found myself     52     in many aspects, and I'd hate to see my children     53     the same. Sometimes, words are just words. But some words can have the kind of     54    I’d very much like to avoid on my children. I don’t fear strong language but I fear language that makes us     55    . Great importance should be attached to speaking inspiring words. 36.A.sweet     B.simple     C. unpopular     D. strange 37.A. good     B. bad      C.special     D.foolish 38.A.require     B.doubt     C. believe     D. allow 39.A.happily     B.surprisingly     C. accidentally   D.easily   40.A.raised     B.shook     C. rolled    D.flooded  41.A.glad     B.calm     C. concerned    D.excited  42.A. after    B. into      C.for     D.up 43.A.ignore     B.charge     C. move    D. respect  44.A.similarity     B.result     C. difference     D. harm 45.A. myself      B. themselves   C.ourselves     D.yourself 46.A. harmful     B. useful    C.meaningless     D.hopeful 47.A.welcome     B.create     C. avoid     D.expect 48.A.liked     B.forgotten     C. accepted     D.refused 49.A. select     B. choose    C.hope     D.wish 50.A.keep up     B.give out     C. work out    D.move on 51.A. because    B.though     C.and     D.so 52.A. succeeding   B. struggling      C.trying     D.wandering 53.A.explore     B.enjoy     C.share    D.suffer 54.A.mercy      B.relief     C.effect    D.difficulty  55.A.strong     B.relaxed     C.proud    D.weak 2.基础知识 第一节 根据汉语提示和首字母写单词（每小题1分，计5分） 56.People often lose c__________(信心)when they are criticized(批评). 57.Milu often says “A________（态度）is everything.” to encourage the players to devote more. 58.The school tries to treat students as individuals and to help each one to achieve their full p__________(潜能). 59.If you often forget time, it may help to set an alarm to r___________（提醒）you. 60.Raising animals was only s____________(次要的)to other forms of farming. 第二节根据所学的课文内容和所给的提示，补全短文（每空格1分，计10分）。 Welcome to senior high school! I can’t wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like. The path before you leads to a world full of 61.__________(challenge). However, for those of you with a positive mind, opportunity lies 62__________ each challenge. Most 63_________(important), your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential. Potential is your natural ability that can 64________(develop) when you try hard enough. I have 65____________(confident) in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to your country. Over the next three years, you will discover your potential 66___________ you develop as a student and as a person. To fully realize your potential, it is important for you 67___________(make) the most of our school resources. Take advantage of your classes, join a club or two, and take an active part in different sports. Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and 68_________ positive attitude. Carefully plan your study, set clear goals and balance your schoolwork with other activities. As a senior high school student, you must make efforts to improve your 69__________(communicate) and problem-solving skills. Last but not least, always look on the bright side and never lose hope, even in difficult situations. As Lao-Tzu wisely said, “ A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” Senior high school will help you learn and grow, yet you alone are responsible for 70___________(realize) your great potential. 3.语法填空(每空1.5分，计15分) I’m here today to share a good lesson with you. It is a true story about a student 71__________ studied in Germany. After years of hard work, this student graduated with 72__________ (amaze) achievements(成就). Everyone was sure that he was going to get a good job easily and have a bright future. But to his surprise, he was not even given the chance for 73__________   interview! The third time he74__________   (refuse), he couldn’t help 75__________ (telephone) the company to ask why they didn’t want him. The answer was simple. “We don’t offer jobs to dishonest people in Germany.” You might wonder what was wrong. The truth is, shortly after he 76__________ (arrive) in Germany, this clever student found that77__________   was easy to avoid buying subway tickets in this country. So in order to save money, he often went in the subway without a ticket. As a result, he had been caught without a ticket many78__________ (time). From this story, we learn that we may get short-term benefits in dishonest ways, 79__________ the truth will come out sooner or later and the cost is high. So remember:80__________ (honest) is the best behavior. 4.阅读理解 Once there was an old man, who was completely broke (破产的），living in a tiny house. He had to live on a $ 105-a-month social security (保障）check. At 65 years of age, he decided things should change. So he thought about what he could offer. His friends thought highly of his chicken recipe (烹饪法）.He decided that this was his best shot(尝试) at making a change. He left Kentucky and travelled to different states to try to sell his recipe. He told restaurant owners that he had a mouth-watering chicken recipe. He offered the recipe to them for free, just asking for a small percentage (比例）on the items sold. Sounds like a good deal, right? Unfortunately, he had to go to most of the restaurants. He heard “No.”over 1,000 times，but he didn’t give up. He believed his chicken recipe was something special. He got rejected (拒绝）1 ,009 times before he heard his first“yes”. With that one success, the old man changed the way Americans eat chicken. Kentucky Fried Chicken, popularly known as KFC, was born. The old man was Colonel Harland Sanders, who was an American businessman, best known for founding fast food chicken restaurant chain—Kentucky Fried Chicken. His name and image (肖像）are still symbols of KFC now. 28. What can we infer when the old man was broke? A. He had a lot of fast food chicken restaurants. B. He gave away 105 dollars to others every month. C. His image became a symbol of KFC. D. He had no money and lived a poor life. 29. In order to change his life, what did the old man decide to do? A. Get a social security check. B. Sell fried chicken in the street. C. Introduce his recipe to restaurants. D. Tell his friends the secret of his recipe. 30. The old man succeeded after he tried times. A. 1,010 B.1,001 C.1,009 D. 1,000 5.七选五 Want to feel healthier and have lots of energy each day?31 You don’t have to make big changes in your lifestyle in order to improve your health. You can do it without actually noticing it. Read on to find out smart little things you should do to feel better every day. Exercise Probably the healthiest thing you can do to feel better each day is to exercise early in the morning.32 _____ Even doing several easy exercises like walking, sit-ups or jumping the rope will help you feel better in no time! Plus, exercise is good for your health and waistline. Get enough sleep Again, due to our busy schedules, we don’t get enough sleep each night. If you have trouble falling asleep, avoid watching TV or surfing the Internet right before bed.33__________ Stay productive When you are productive, you feel happier. When you feel happier, you feel better. Stop watching TV, avoid gossips, and try to do more useful things during the day.34 It will help you accomplish your tasks with less stress. Stay positive I’ve always believed that positivity is the key to a longer life.35 Life is full of stressful situations and it’s hard to stay cheerful when everything goes wrong, but your positive attitude can help you solve any problem and fight any stress faster and more easily. Your positive attitude is especially good for your heart health. Smile, stay positive and live a longer life! A. Don’t forget to make your to-do list in the morning. B. Also, don’t drink tea or coffee too late in the day. C. Few people can hold a positive attitude to their life. D. Positive thoughts can help improve your overall health. E. You don’t have to run a few hours or the whole morning. F. It is a good idea to turn to others for valuable advice. G. There are a few essential things you should do to achieve this goal. 2 - 2 - 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高一 lesson 1 B1Unit 1 词汇+语法 unit1重点词汇 课程导航 归纳总结 1. potential adj.潜在的;可能的 n.可能性;潜在性;潜力;潜质→potentials(复数) →potentially adv. 潜在地 → potent adj. 有效的；强有力的 potential customers 潜在的客户 a potential source of conflict 潜在的冲突根源 the potential for change 变革的可能性 have the potential to do sth. 有做某事的可能 2. senior adj.中学的；级别(或地位)高的; 高级水平的;老年的n.较…年长的人;级别(或地位)较高者;上级;上司; 高水平运动员 →junior （反义词） be senior to 比… 年长;比… 资深；比… 级别（地位）高 （be junior to 比… 年幼; 比… 资历浅；比… 级别（地位）低 ） be senior to sb by … years 比某人大…岁 3. challenge n. 挑战；怀疑 vt. 向…挑战；对…质疑→challenging adj. 具有挑战性的；不赞成的 meet the challenge  迎接挑战；满足要求 rise to the challenge  接受挑战，奋起应付挑战 challenge sb to sth 向某人挑战… challenge sb to do sth 向某人挑战做某事 a challenging and rewarding career as a teacher  富有挑战性且有意义的教师职业 4. advance n.前进，行进;进步;进展 v. 前进，发展，进步;促进 →advanced adj. adj. 先进的；高级的；晚期的；年老的 in advance  adv. 预先，提前 in advance of  超过；在…前 recent advances in medical science 医学的最新进展 advanced technology  先进技术 advanced stage 晚期；高级阶段 ①They had advanced 20 miles by nightfall.  夜幕降临时，他们已推进了20英里 ②advance our understanding of language learning提高了我们对语言学习的认识 ③There were only three of us on the advanced course. 只有我们三人学高级课程。 5. amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的;令人惊喜的→amazed adj. 感到惊叹的→ amaze vt. 使吃惊→ amazingly adv. 令人惊讶地；惊奇地→ amazement n. 惊异；惊愕 an amazing achievement/discovery/success/performance  惊人的成就╱发现╱成功╱表演 be amazed at (by) 对…感到惊叹 to one’s amazement 让人感到惊叹的是 in amazement 惊讶地 【联想助记】 情感类动词 v＋ing 表示“使人感到....的” v＋ed表示“感到.....的” Eg: excite/exciting/excited disappoint/ disappointing/ disappointed move/ moving/ moved surprise/ surprising/ surprised 6. confidence n.信心;信任;把握→ confident adj.自信的; 有把握的→ confidently adv. 自信地；安心地→confidential adj. 秘密的；机密的 →self-confidence n. self-confident  have confidence in = have belief in 对…有信心 gain confidence 获得自信 be confident in/ of/ about 对… 有信心 7. equal adj. (大小、数量、价值等) 相同的，同样的; 相等的; 平等的; 同等的; (力气、勇气、能力等) 相当的; 能胜任的; 能应付的 n. 同等的人; 相等物; v. 与…相等，等于; 比得上; 敌得过 →equally adv. 同样地；相等地，平等地；公平地 equality n.  平等；相等 be equal to (doing) sth 相等；胜任；合适 (做某事) equal rights/pay 平等的权利；同酬 on equal ˈterms (with sb) （与某人）处于平等的地位 be without equal/ have no ˈequal 无与伦比；无敌；无比 2 plus 2 equals 4 2+2=4 equal sb/ sth in (doing) in 在(做) 某事方面逼得上，敌得过某人（某物） equal the world record. 平了世界纪录 ①There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class. 这个班男女生人数相等。 ②The company has an equal opportunities policy (= gives the same chances of employment to everyone) . 这家公司的政策是人人机会均等。 ③He is a player without equal. 他是个无与伦比的运动员。 ④This achievement is unlikely ever to be equalled. 这一成就可能任何时候都没有能与之匹敌的。  8. responsible adj. 负责的，可靠的；有责任的 比较级→ more responsible最高级 most responsible →responsibility n. 责任，职责；义务 duty （同义词）n.责任；义务；本分 be responsible for 为… 负责；是……的原因 responsible care 责任关怀义务关心 sense of responsibility 责任感，责任心 social responsibility 社会责任 take on responsibility 承担责任 have/ take responsibility for 对… 有责任 It is one’s responsibility to do sth 做某事是某人的责任 ①Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be responsible for their children. 即使父母不再共同生活，他们也要分别对子女负责。 ②He is mentally ill and cannot be responsible for his actions. 他有精神病，不能对自己的行为负责。 ③It is their responsibility to ensure that the rules are enforced. 他们有责任确保制度的执行 9. independent adj. 自主的，有主见的；自立的 → depend vi 依赖，依靠；取决于 →dependent adj.依靠的；取决于…的→ dependently adv.依赖地→ dependence n. 依赖；依靠→ independently adv. 独立地→independence n. 独立 （注意构词法） be independent of 不依赖…的；不受…支配的 an independent inquiry/witness 独立的调查；无偏见的证人 financially independent 经济独立 The Independence Day 独立日 School spirit: the spirit of independence, freedom of thought. 学校精神：独立之精神，自由之思想 ①We're going independent from the university and setting up our own group. 我们将从大学独立出去，成立我们自己的集团。 ②She would like to be more financially independent. 她想要在财政上更加独立。 ③A good teacher encourages independence of thought. 好的教师鼓励独立思考。 10. aim n.目的;目标;瞄准 v. 力争做到;目的是;旨在;瞄准;针对→ purpose n. / intent (intention)/ target v/ n (同义词) take aim at sb/sth 把目标对准某人（或某事物） with the aim of 为了… aim at sth/ doing sth 对准，瞄准；目标是 （做某事） be aimed at 以… 为目标 aim to do sth 立志做某事；意欲做某事 ①Take careful aim at the target before firing. 开火之前仔细瞄准目标 ②They aim at improving quality rather than increasing quantity. 他们的目的在于提高质量而不是增加数量。 ③Criticism should be aimed at helping those criticized. 批评应该是与人为善的批评。 11. exchange n. 交换；交流；交易 vt. 交换；交易；兑换 exchange sth for sth 以某物交换某物 exchange sth with sb 和某人交换某物 make an exchange 交换 in exchange for 以… 交换… ①Juliet and David exchanged glances (= they looked at each other) . 朱丽叶和戴维相互看了看对方。 ②I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager. 我与经理握手，相互交谈了几句。  ③Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera? 用我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗？ 12. contribution n.贡献；捐赠；捐款；投稿→contribute vt. 贡献；捐赠；投稿→ contributor n. 贡献者；投稿者；捐助者 contribute to 有助于；导致，促成； contribute … to … 向… 投稿/ 捐赠 make (great) contributions to 对…做出(巨大的)贡献 ①We contributed ￡5 000 to the earthquake fund. 我们向地震基金捐赠了 5 000 英镑。 ②The three sons also contribute to the family business. 3个儿子也为家族企业做贡献。 ③ Learning English makes contributions to one's development to some extent. 英语也为个人发展做出一定得贡献。 13. fortunately adv. 幸运的→ fortune n. 财富；命运；运气→ fortunate adj. adj. 幸运的;吉利的 →misfortune n. 不幸 → unfortunate adj. unfortunately adv. make a fortunate 发财 try one’s fortunate 碰运气 be fortunate in 在某方面幸运 be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事 ①I was late, but fortunately the meeting hadn't started. 我迟到了，不过幸好会议还没有开始。 ②I was fortunate to be one of the lucky user. 我有幸成为幸运网友之一。 ③We became companions in misfortune. 我们成了患难之交。 Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空 2．To our ，he didn’t feel at the result of the exam.(amaze) 2．He himself with the most task，and amazingly he finished it perfectly.(challenge) 3．They hold the belief that everyone is born and should be treated .After all， _____ is one of the basic human rights.(equal) 4．He a large amount of money to the project. In other words，he made great to the success of the project.(contribute) 1. amazement, amazed, amazing, 2. challenged, challenging 3. equal, equally, equality 4. contributed, contributions Ⅱ用方框内内短语的适当形式填空 lie in; rise to; make a difference; make the most of; last but not least; lead to; put simply; make advances; be responsible for; take part in 1. Last month’s bad weather _____________ the crop failure. 2. The medical community continues to _____________ in the fight against cancer. 3. _____________, the tax cuts mean the average person will be about 3%o better off. 4. I would like to thank my publisher, my editor and, _____________, my husband. 5. This kind of discussion will certainly _____________ still greater differences between the two parties. 6. How many countries _____________ the last Olympic Games? 7. The chief difficulty _____________ finding a good opportunity. 8. He was determined to _____________ the challenge. 9. John’s score on the test will _____________ between his passing or failing the course. 10. The doctors have told him he’s _____________ the time. 【答案】 1. was responsible for 2. make advances 3. Put simply 4. last but not least 5. lead to 6. took part in 7. lies in 8. rise to 9. make a difference 10. making the most of Ⅲ完成句子/ 单句写作 1．(建议信) 为了让你快速适应这里的学校生活，我写信给你一些建议。(不定式作状语)、 ________________________________________________，I am writing to give you some tips. 2．（人际关系）首先，交一些中国朋友对你来说很重要，他们可以在很多方面帮助你。(it is＋adj.＋for sb to do) First of all，_________________________________，who can help you in many ways. 4．（求助信） 一开始，我发现适应这儿的生活很难。(find＋it＋adj.＋to do) In the beginning，___________________________________________________. 5．（介绍）因为这里的课程与中国的课程非常不同，所以我不得不求助于我的老师和同学。(so...that...) Because the classes here are ________________________I have to turn to my teachers and classmates for help. 6．（咨询信）我写信向你征求如何与父母相处的建议。(“特殊疑问词＋to do”作宾语) I am writing to ask you for advice on__________________________________________. 7．如今，我和他们争吵似乎很常见。(it作形式主语) Nowadays，_______________________________________________________________.. 10．我们在迪士尼乐园里有许多可以探索(explore)的地方。(have sth to do) We __________________________________in the Disneyland. 11．我收到了妹妹的来信，向我请教如何处理一个棘手的问题。(现在分词短语作后置定语) I received a letter from my sister__________________________________________________. 12．她不知道是应该先和朋友谈谈还是等着她来道歉。(whether...or) She didn’t know________________________________________________________________. 13．既然她们是好朋友，我想她们是时候在事情变得更糟之前互相谈谈了。(it’s time to do...) Now that they are good friends，I think _______________________________________before things get worse. 1. To make you quickly get used to the school life here 2. it is important for you to make some Chinese friends 3. I found it challenging to get used to the life here 5. so different from those in China that 6. how to get along/on with my parents 7. it seems common for me to have an argument with them 10. had a lot of places to explore 11. asking me how to deal with a tough problem 12. whether she should firstly talk with her friend or wait for her to make an apology 13. it’s time for them to have a talk with each other unit1重点句型 课程导航 归纳总结 1、I can't wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like. what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作介词like的宾语 3、Put simply, potential is your natural ability that can be developed when you try hard enough. that can be developed when you try hard enough that引导定语从句，修饰your natural ability，that在从句中作主语，该定语从句中包含一个when引导的时间状语从句 4、Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop! 三个what引导的宾语从句构成平行结构，均作knows的宾语 6、Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. 本句为倒装句，主语是good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude，因主语较长，使用倒装可以使句子更加平衡，突出作者想要表达的内容。正常语序应该是“Good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal importance.”其中of equal importance 是“of+n.”结构，相当于equally important。 重要句型： 表语提前引起的全部倒装：为保持句子平衡(主语较长)或使上下文衔接紧密，或为了强调表语，句子可用全部倒装，即可把作表语的形容词、副词或介词短语提到句首，并把句子的主语和谓语倒装。 7、In time you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual. find yourself growing “find+宾语+宾补”结构，yourself与grow之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾补。 重要句型 " find+宾语+现在分词(短语)"结构：" find+宾语+宾补"结构的一种，意为"发现……正在……"，宾语与构成现在分词的动词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 拓展 (1) find+宾语+形容词/副词 (2) find+宾语+名词/介词短语 (3)find+宾语+过去分词(短语)(宾语与构成过去分词的动词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系) in time 最终，迟早，总有一天 at a time 一次，每次 at no time 决不 in no time 立刻，马上 8、As Lao-Tzu wisely said, " A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. " As引导的非限制性定语从句，As指代整个主语。 1、 John Li, a Chinese senior high school student, has spent a year. 主语John Li的同位语，对主语进行解释说明。 2、 I still have photos of myself acting in William Shakespeare's A Mid-summer Night's Dream. 动词-ing的复合结构作宾语 句型分析： 1、 What kind of questions should you ask when interviewing a teacher? when引导的时间状语从句的省略,补充完整应为: when you are interviewing a teacher。 2、 Chinese Calligraphy is one of the many optional courses offered to students who are interested in traditional art. 动词-ed短语作后置定语,修饰 courses。 who 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 students,who 在从句中作主语。 3、 At the end of each term, students put on a calligraphy show, attracting more students to Chinese calligraphy.动词-ing 短语作状语 倒装知识点 课程导航 归纳总结 一、完全倒装 （一）定义 指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。 （二）用法 1. 介词短语（往往表示地点）放在句首时： Next to it is another restaurant where we can have Chinese food. In front of them stood a great castle, bathed in morning sunshine. On the bed lay a sick old man groaning. 2. 方位副词，如east/west, out/in, up/down, here/there, now/then, below/above, away, off,等放在句首时： Down jumped the murderer from the sixth floor. Here comes Mary= Look! Mary’s coming. Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. There goes the bell= Look! The bell’s ringing. 3. 表语（常为形容词、分词、such）放在句首时： Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing music. Such is my friend, a clever and warm-hearted boy. Growing in the schoolyard are different kinds of flowers and grass. 注意： 完全倒装需具备2个条件: (1) 主语必须是名词n.； (2) 谓语必须是不及物动词vi 或者系动词link verb。 (3）如果主语为人称代词，仍用 陈述句语序，如： Here you are. There it goes! Away it flew. Up it went. 二、部分倒装 （一）定义 指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 （二）用法 1. 否定词或否定短语放在句首（never, little, not, rarely, seldom, hardly, scarcely, neither, nor,…）也包括具有否定意义的词组 ( in no way, by no means, under no circumstances, in no case, at no time…)。 Never have I seen a better film before. In no way can he pass the math exam this time. 2. No sooner…than…及Hardly/rarely/scarcely…when…置句首时： 注意：前半句用过去完成时+倒装， 后半句用过去式，不倒装。 (1). He had hardly finished his exercises when the teacher came in.= Hardly had he finished his exercises when the teacher came in. . (2). He had no sooner gone out than it began to rain.= No sooner had he gone out than it began to rain 3. Not until置句首时, （主句须倒装，until从句不倒装，即“主倒从不倒”） (1) Not until his mother came back did he go to bed.= He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back. (2) Mary didn’t leave until John arrived. = Not until John arrived did Mary leave . = It was not until John arrived that Mary left. (“not until…”放在强调句型中，前后都是陈述语序，不能用倒装) 4. So/Such…that…置句首, （“如此…”部分需倒装, 但that从句部分不倒装） So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.  Such a force of the explosion was it that all the windows were broken. 5. Only +状语（即：only+ adv /介词短语 /状从）置句首时，（主句倒装，only后状语不倒装，即“主倒从不倒”） Only then did I realize the importance of English. Only in this way can you improve your ability. Only when the war was over was he able to get back to work again. 6. 置句首的Not only+ 分句+ but also+分句中，前倒后不倒。 Not only was everything he had taken away from him but also his German citizenship. 7. 省略if 的虚拟条件从句（had ,were,should开头） Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something. Should any one call, tell him to wait for me here. Were I you, I would accept his help. 8. adj./ adv./ v./ n. +as 引导的让步状语从句 (as相当于though, 但不能用although)，用正常语序（主语+谓语）。 Child as/though he is , he knows a lot about life. (名词前省略冠词) Hard as he works, he can’t pass the test. Try as he may, he will fail again. Smart as he is, he can’t figure out the problem. 【2023年新高考全国I卷】 读后续写范文里面有这句话： A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. 几周后，当我差点忘记比赛的时候，传来了消息。 【2023届湖北省十一校高三第二次联考英语试题】 应用文写作范文里面有这句话： Not only is it distinguished for its expert training but it also offers a pleasant atmosphere to practice Kung fu. 【2023届如皋高三年级3.5模】 读后续写范文里面有这句话： Desperate as we were, we had no choice but to stay put, sinking with the boat. 尽管我们很绝望，但我们别无选择，只能呆在原地，随船沉没。 【山东省潍坊市2022-2023学年高三下学期3月学科核心素养测评英语试题】 读后续写范文里面有这句话： Cold as the winter was, all the needy kids were enveloped in the warmth from the nice and generous strangers. 尽管冬天很冷，但所有需要帮助的孩子都被善良慷慨的陌生人的温暖所包围。 【苏州市2023届高三考前英语练习卷】 读后续写范文里面有这句话： So moved and overjoyed was I that I wanted to give her a big hug, to express my deepest gratitude. 我非常感动和高兴，我想给她一个大大的拥抱，表达我最深切的感激之情。 unit1语法 课程导航 归纳总结 句子成分与八大基本句子结构 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。主要有下面的七种基本成分。 1. 主语(subject) 句子的描述对象即为句子的主语。主语通常位于句子前面(部分)，常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句充当。 2. 谓语(verb) 谓语，对主语进行描述，通常位于句子后面(部分)，谓语部分的核心词必须由动词充当，必须体现为某一时态形式。 3. 宾语(object) 宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。故宾语一般放在及物动词之后。另外，介词后也会跟宾语。宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句等充当。 4. 表语(predicative) 表语在系动词之后，是用来说明主语的。表语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)及从句等充当。 5. 定语(attributive) 定语是用来修饰名词、代词的，常译为“……的”。单个词汇作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前，故称之为前置定语；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后，故称之为后置定语。定语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)及从句等充当。 6. 补语(complement) 补语分为主语补语和宾语补语，用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。通常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词及介词短语充当。 7. 状语(adverbial) 状语表示谓语行为的地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。通常由副词、介词短语、分词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。 八大基本句子结构 1. 主谓: 主语＋谓语(SV)（谓语动词为不及物动词，不能接宾语，但能表达完整的意义） 2. 主谓宾: 主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO)（谓语动词为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，它必须跟一个宾语） 3. 主系表: 主语＋连系动词＋表语(SVP)（谓语动词是系动词） 4. 主谓宾宾: 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVOO)（谓语动词带两个宾语(双宾语)，前一个为间接宾语(通常指人)，后一个为直接宾语(通常指物)）（句子结构可以是: “主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾”或“主＋谓＋直宾＋to/for＋间宾”。） 5. 主谓宾补: 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语(SVOC)（谓语动词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词） 提醒：可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语: 如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系，则该动词接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。 6. 主谓状: 主语＋谓语＋状语(SVA)（谓语动词也为不及物动词，但其后必须带有状语，否则结构不全，意义不完整。） 7. 主谓宾状: 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(SVOA)（谓语动词是及物动词，其后不但必须有宾语，而且宾语之后必须带状语）。 8. 存现句: 引导词there引导的句子（there为引导词，无词义；be为谓语动词，根据情况可以有单复数的变化，也可以有不同的时态变化。there be后面的名词为句子主语。） [名师点津]there在该结构中是个引导词，本身无词义。动词be是谓语，有时态变化，也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的就近的主语在单复数方面保持一致。 并列句(Compound sentence) 1. 联合关系 由并列连词and或not only...but also...连接的两个分句。 I turned on the TV and we sat down and watched it. 我开了电视机后，我们就坐下来看电视节目。 It not only gave us a chance to get close to nature, but also gave us relaxation from our study.它不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会，而且能让我们在学习之余得到放松。 2. 转折关系 多用连词but，yet，while等连接两个分句。 It rained heavily, but I still went to school.虽然天下着雨，但是我还是去上学了。 Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones lead to the opposite.好的习惯经常使得效率增高，而不好的习惯效果恰恰相反。 3. 选择关系 主要由连词or (或者；否则)，either...or...(要么……要么……)，not...but...(不是……而是……)等连词连接。 You may go with us, or you may stay at home.你既可以跟我们一起去也可以待在家里。 4. 因果关系 多用连词so或for连接。 He told me to do it, so I did it.他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。 5. 时间关系 由并列连词when连接两个分句，表示“就在这时突然……”。 Last Monday，I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。 [名师点津] (1)“祈使句+and/or (otherwise)+简单句”也是并列句的一种，or在此意为“否则”。 (2)并列句有时也可不用并列连词连接，而用分号(；)连接。 (3)so和because不能连用。 主从复合句(Complex sentence) 1. 名词性从句(相当于名词，可作句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语) When the plane is to take off has not been announced.(主语从句)飞机何时起飞尚未宣布。 That is why he did not come to school yesterday.(表语从句)那就是昨天他没来上学的原因。 He said that some teenagers didn’t work hard.(宾语从句)他说有些青少年不努力学习。 We heard the news that our team had won.(同位语从句)我们听到了我们球队获胜的消息。 2. 定语从句(相当于一个形容词，用来修饰一个名词或代词，在主句中作定语) The man who was full of anger was Mike’s father.那个非常生气的人是迈克的父亲。 I won’t forget the day when I had an argument with him.我忘不了和他吵架的那一天。 3. 状语从句(相当于副词，修饰谓语动词，或整个主句。根据表达的意思分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步等) When I saw him，I found him under great stress.我看见他时，觉得他压力很大。 I will meet my friend where I met my teacher last time.我会在上次遇到我老师的地方见我的朋友。 If you want to keep peace，you’d better be patient.如果你想保持和平，你最好耐心一些。 He was punished because he was late.他受到了惩罚，因为他迟到了。 Let’s get up early so that we can catch the early bus.我们早点起床吧，以便我们能赶上早班车。 He made so inspiring a speech that everyone got excited.他发表了如此鼓舞人心的演讲，以至于大家都很激动。 Please do as you are told.请按照你被告知的去做。 Although/Though he tried his best，he still missed the target.虽然他尽力了，但仍然没有打中目标。 [注意]　although/though不能和but连用，但可以和yet，still连用。 1．No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month A．谓语 B．表语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：不管任务有多难，我们必须在这个月完成它。分析句子的成分可知，该句为no matter引导的让步状语从句，主语为“we”，谓语为“ must fulfil ”宾语为“it”，“this month”为句子的宾语，划线部分为谓语。故选A。 2．Grandma told me an interesting story last night. A．定语 B．宾语 C．状语 D．主语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分分析。句意：奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。根据句子成分分析可知，该句划线短语last night意为“昨晚”作句子的时间状语成分。故选C项。 3．Trees turn green when spring comes. A．谓语 B．状语 C．表语 D．定语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：当春天来临时，树木变绿。分析句子结构可知，Trees为主语，turn为系动词，green为表语；when spring comes为时间状语从句，状语从句中spring为主语，comes为谓语。故选A项。 4．He made it clear that he would leave the city. A．宾语 B．表语 C．宾补 D．状语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：他明确表示他要离开这个城市。He是主语，made是谓语，it是形式宾语，clear是宾语补足语，that he would leave the city是连词that引导的宾语从句作宾语。故选A项。 5．He broke a piece of glass. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．主语 D．定语 【答案】A 【详解】考查成分。句意：他打碎了一块玻璃。划线部分为谓语，主语为he；a piece of glass为宾语。故选A。 二．写出下面句子的基本句型。 1．Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm. 【答案】1．主语+谓语+状语（S+V+A） 【解析】考查句子结构。句意：您的航班将在下午5点起飞。“Your flight”为句子的主语，“will leave”为句子的谓语，“at 5:00 pm”为句子的时间状语。故答案为：主语+谓语+状语（S+V+A）。 2．She loves the library because she loves books. 【答案】主语+谓语+宾语+状语（S+V+O+A） 【解析】考查句子结构。句意：她喜欢图书馆，因为她喜欢书。“She”为句子的主语，“loves”为句子的谓语，“the library”为句子的宾语，“because she loves books”为原因状语从句。故答案为：主语+谓语+宾语+状语（S+V+O+A）。 3．Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays. 【答案】主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语+状语（S+V+IO+DO+A） 【解析】考查句子结构。句意：爷爷经常在星期天给我们讲毛主席的故事。“Our grandpa”为句子的主语，“often”为频率副词作状语，“tells”为句子的谓语，“us”为间接宾语，“stories”为直接宾语，“about Chairman Mao”为“stories”的后置定语，“on Sundays”为时间状语。故答案为：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语+状语（S+V+IO+DO+A）。 4．To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult. 【答案】主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P） 【解析】考查句子结构。句意：没有老师的帮助，做今天的作业是很困难的。“To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help”为句子的主语，“is”为系动词，“very difficult”为表语。故答案为：主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）。 5．She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. 【答案】主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语+状语（S+V+O+C+A） 【解析】考查句子结构。句意：她想要孩子们在阅览室里读报纸和书。“She”为句子的主语，“likes”为谓语，“the children”为宾语，“to read newspapers and books”为宾语补足语，“in the reading-room”为地点状语。故答案为：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语+状语（S+V+O+C+A）。 2 - 2 - 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $