专题04 阅读理解 议论文+新闻报道（期末真题汇编，浙江专用）高一英语英语下学期

**基本信息** 高中英语期末阅读理解汇编，涵盖议论文与新闻报道，聚焦“人与社会”“人与自然”主题，精选AI应用、环保政策等时代素材，通过多维度问题设计考查语言理解与思维能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|32题|社会文化（如BEI助老项目）、科技（车载触摸屏争议）、环境（新西兰奶牛甲烷治理）|情境具时代性（ChatGPT应用、考拉濒危保护），问题含词义猜测（如“far-fetched”）、推理判断（如AI效率提升途径），贴合高考真题对思维品质的考查|

专题04 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道） 参考答案 主题01 人与社会——社会，文化与科技 Passage 1：1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C Passage 2：5．D 6．D 7．C 8．B Passage 3：9．D 10．B 11．A 12．B Passage 4：13．B 14．D 15．A 16．D 主题01 人与社会——社会，文化与科技 Passage 1：1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A Passage 2：5．B 6．A 7．C 8．A Passage 3：9．B 10．A 11．A 12．D Passage 4：13．D 14．D 15．A 16．B 主题02 人与自然——环境和动物 Passage 1：1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C Passage 2：5．D 6．C 7．D 8．A / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会——社会，文化与科技 Passage 1 (24-25高一下·浙江宁波奉化区·期末) Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare (噩梦). But it should not be exactly far-fetched. Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious. Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally. Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide. All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful engagement, which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored. Though these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. For example, GPS has undoubtedly changed how we travel. But a 2020 study found that frequent GPS users struggle more with self-guided navigation (航行). Over time, those who depended more on GPS showed a sharp loss in special memory and problem-solving skills. However, reducing dependence on these conveniences can lead to discomfort. In seeking comfort today, we might be trading away some discomfort. That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. Viewing stress, a kind of discomfort, as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better results. Research shows that mild stress can improve adaptability (适应性). Neuroscience (神经科学) shows that neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to form new connections — is improved through challenging experiences. This adaptability is important for developing resilience (抗逆力), a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort. But this doesn’t mean we should reject comfort entirely; it’s to balance it with intentional discomfort. Think of it as “microdosing hardship” — a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand. These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers of ease. So, the next time you feel the pull of ease, pause. Ask yourself: Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck? Choosing discomfort isn’t easy, but sometimes, it’s worth it. 1．What does the underlined word “far-fetched” in Paragraph I probably mean? A．Possible to change. B．Certain to function. C．Unlikely to be settled. D．Unable to be accepted. 2．What may digital conveniences cause according to the text? A．The meaningful engagement. B．The fast but worthless relief. C．The lack of necessary comfort. D．The loss of thinking ability. 3．Which is a real-life application of “microdosing hardship”? A．Taking the stairs instead of the lift. B．Ordering take-out food after work. C．Writing an email using voice-to-text. D．Exploring a new city by using GPS. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．GPS: the invisible (隐形的) cost of convenience. B．Stress: the main cause of brain damage. C．Discomfort: a hidden source of resilience. D．Smartphones: barriers (障碍) to human progress. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【来源】浙江省宁波市奉化区2024-2025学年高一下学期期末联考英语试题 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了现代社会中人们对数字技术的过度依赖及其带来的负面影响，强调了适度不适的重要性，并提出了通过“微量困难”（microdosing hardship）来增强个人适应力和韧性。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare (噩梦). But it should not be exactly far-fetched.(想象一下，有一天早上醒来，发现你的智能手机不见了。你再也不能用它导航去上班，点咖啡，或者和朋友联系了。对我们大多数人来说，这是一场噩梦。但这并不_____)”可知，这里的语境是假设智能手机突然消失的情景虽然令人不安，但它不应该是不能被接受的。故划线词意思是“不能被接受”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful engagement, which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored.(这一切都是因为我们越来越依赖社交媒体和智能技术，这些技术旨在提供快速的解脱，但往往以牺牲深刻而有意义的参与为代价，这可能会进一步导致我们失去一些容易被忽视的东西)”以及第三段“Though these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills.(虽然这些便利提供了短期的解脱，但它们可能会削弱我们的思维能力)”可知，数字便利可能导致思考能力的下降。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Think of it as “microdosing hardship” — a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand.(把它想象成“微量困难”——一系列小的、可以管理的困难，这些困难能让我们的心理和情绪肌肉保持强壮，比如用笔写字，或者用手洗碗)”可知，采取“微量困难”的实际行动是做一些小的、可以管理的困难的事情，A选项“爬楼梯而不是乘电梯”符合“微量困难”的含义。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious.(尽管我们比以往任何时候都更加数字化地联系在一起，但我们却更加孤独和焦虑)”、第三段“Though these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills.(虽然这些便利提供了短期的解脱，但它们可能会削弱我们的思维能力)”以及第四段中“That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us.(这就是问题所在：我们避免的不适往往正是让我们变得坚强的东西)”可知，文章主要讲述了现代生活中人们过于依赖智能手机和各种智能技术，造成了一些不良后果，如焦虑、抑郁、思维能力下降等。作者认为，我们应该适当减少对这些便利的依赖，通过面对一些“微小的不便”来增强自己的抗逆力，C选项“不适感：韧性的隐藏来源”最符合文章主旨。故选C。 Passage 2 (24-25高一下·浙江宁波三锋联盟·期末) Junior Atreyee Ghosh, a biochemistry and psychology major at the University of Rochester (UR), first heard about the Brain Exercise Initiative (BEI) through a friend. Since her freshman year of college, Ghosh has been volunteering with senior citizens in her hometown of Georgia. She wanted to continue this work at UR, so she started trying to establish a BEI chapter in Rochester. Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disease that affects 55 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of dementia (痴呆). BEI’s mission is to send volunteers to help older people with Alzheimer’s complete special brain exercise packets. These packets have three sections: Writing: Basic questions like “Who is on the dollar bill?” Math: Quick math problems (addition, subtraction, multiplication) to do as fast as possible. Reading: A short passage that the volunteer and the older person discuss. Ghosh says BEI isn’t just about doing the exercises — it’s about making genuine relationships. “We want to learn their names and listen to their life stories — it’s about being human connection.” Research show that doing these brain exercises regularly can help improve the cognitive abilities of people with Alzheimer’s. This type of program is already used in over 1,400 care homes in Japan. Ali Al Qazzaz, a microbiology major and the chapter’s Outreach Coordinator (协调员), joined BEI to bridge his school academic interest on Alzheimer’s especially why it’s more common near the Earth’s equator (赤道). “As a premedical student, I want to both study the disease and learn from people who have it,” he says. Volunteers get training, including role-playing sessions to handle challenges like when someone has struggling with the exercises. Recently, BEI co-sponsored Family Science Day. They played brain memory games with local families to teach kids and parents about how memory works. After that, the group will do a practice volunteer session at St. Ann’s Community. The chapter also hopes to partner with Brook Dale Senior Living. To stay updated on volunteering opportunities, follow @rockester. bei on Instagram. 5．What motivated Ghosh to found a BEI chapter at UR? A．A requirement for her biochemistry major. B．A personal family experience with dementia. C．Her academic research on Alzheimer’s disease. D．Her desire to continue volunteering with seniors. 6．What does BEI’s training for volunteers include? A．Medical tests for seniors. B．Visits to care homes in Japan. C．Lectures on Alzheimer’s disease. D．Brain exercise for seniors with Alzheimer’s. 7．What did BEI do during Family Science Day? A．They launched their Instagram page. B．They conducted a trial run of their exercise packets. C．They hosted brain memory games for local families. D．They held a volunteer activity at St．Ann’s Community. 8．Where is this article most likely taken from? A．A senior care industry magazine. B．A university campus news website. C．A social welfare organization brochure. D．An international medical research journal. 【答案】5．D 6．D 7．C 8．B 【来源】浙江省宁波市三锋联盟2024-2025学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述罗切斯特大学学生戈什(Ghosh)创办BEI分会，组织志愿者帮助阿尔茨海默病老人做脑锻炼，还开展科普活动的事迹。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Since her freshman year of college, Ghosh has been volunteering with senior citizens in her hometown of Georgia. She wanted to continue this work at UR, so she started trying to establish a BEI chapter in Rochester.(从大学一年级起，Ghosh就在家乡佐治亚州从事老年人志愿服务。她想在罗切斯特大学继续这项工作，因此开始尝试成立BEI分会。)”可知，Ghosh的动机是希望在大学延续为老年人志愿服务的经历。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Volunteers get training, including role-playing sessions to handle challenges like when someone has struggling with the exercises.(志愿者接受培训，包括角色扮演环节，以应对诸如有人在练习中遇到困难等挑战。)”可知，培训内容涉及如何协助阿尔茨海默病患者完成脑锻炼。故选D项。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Recently, BEI co-sponsored Family Science Day. They played brain memory games with local families to teach kids and parents about how memory works.(最近，BEI 联合主办了家庭科学日。他们与当地家庭一起玩大脑记忆游戏，向孩子和家长讲解记忆的工作原理。)”可知，活动内容是为家庭举办大脑记忆游戏。故选C项。 8．推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文围绕罗切斯特大学学生创办BEI分会的经历展开，多次提及校园场景（如 “at UR”“premedical student”）和学生活动（如家庭科学日、志愿者培训）。第一段首句“Junior Atreyee Ghosh, a biochemistry and psychology major at the University of Rochester (UR)(大三学生Atreeye Ghosh，罗切斯特大学生物化学和心理学专业)”直接点明人物身份为大学生，最后一段“follow @rockester.bei on Instagram”也符合校园社团宣传的特点，所以本文应来自一个大学校园新闻网站。故选B项。 Passage 3 (23-24高一下·浙江宁波慈溪·期末) When 89-year-old Li Jinrong heard someone calling her “mom” at an event in Wuhan, Hubei Province, she immediately rose from her seat. A foreign woman ran toward her before hugging her tightly and saying, “Mom, mom.” The woman, Bouammouch Kheira, is from Algeria. She underwent a total nasal reconstruction operation (全鼻再造手术) — the first of its kind in Africa — that was done by Li and other members of a Chinese medical team 40 years ago. In 1984, Li joined the 11th Chinese medical aid mission to Algeria. She helped a hospital in the North African country carry out oral (口腔的) and facial operations. In 1985, 12-year-old Kheira visited the hospital to seek treatment for a stomach infection. Doctor Li happened to notice Kheira’s badly disfigured (容貌受损的) nose, the tip of which was bitten off by a donkey when she was just 2 years old. “Had she not been disfigured, she would have grown up to be a great beauty,” Li said. Then she devised a detailed treatment plan and decided to transplant the skin from one of Kheira’s upper arms to reconstruct her nose, because it matched her facial skin tone and would not leave noticeable scars. Though scared at first, Li’s sincere attitude and caring words reminded her of her mother and gave her hope. The reconstruction of Kheira’s nose required four operations over a period of two months. After its perfect completion, Kheira ran from ward (病房) to ward, telling everyone that she now had a nose, a gift from her “Chinese mother”. Kheira travelled 10,000 kilometers from Algeria to Wuhan. “This is my first visit to China, but I don’t feel the journey was hard at all, because I am so excited to meet Professor Li, my Chinese mother,” Kheira added, “Without my Chinese mother, my life would be darker than death,” 9．Why did Kheira go to the hospital in 1985? A．She went to visit doctor Li by design. B．Her nose tip was bitten off by a donkey. C．She longed to learn about facial operations. D．There was something wrong with her stomach. 10．What do we know about the operation performed on Kheira? A．It left no scars on Kheira’ body. B．It made Kheira’s life more positive. C．It was the first of this kind in the world. D．It was finished totally in one significant operation. 11．Which of the following words can be used to describe Professor Li? A．Caring and considerate. B．Honest and energetic. C．Humble and passionate. D．Selfless and ambitious. 12．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Mother of an African Girl. B．A Heart-warming Reunion. C．The Striking Nasal Operation. D．Contributions of Chinese Medical Teams. 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．A 12．B 【来源】浙江省宁波市慈溪市2023-2024学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了中国医疗援助团队1985年在阿尔及利亚为一位患者进行全鼻再造手术，近40年后当时的患者Kheira跨越万里只为和当时的医生“中国妈妈”李金荣重聚，表达感激之情。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“In 1985, 12-year-old Kheira visited the hospital to seek treatment for a stomach infection.(1985年，12岁的Kheira到医院寻求治疗胃部感染)”可知，Kheira在1985年去了医院是因为她的胃有问题。故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“After its perfect completion, Kheira ran from ward ( 病房 ) to ward, telling everyone that she now had a nose, a gift from her “Chinese mother”.(在完美完成后，凯拉从一个病房跑到另一个病房，告诉每个人她现在有了一个鼻子，这是她的“中国妈妈”给她的礼物。)”以及最后一段““This is my first visit to China, but I don’t feel the journey was hard at all, because I am so excited to meet Professor Li, my Chinese mother,” Kheira added, “Without my Chinese mother, my life would be darker than death,”(‘这是我第一次来中国，但我一点也不觉得旅途艰难，因为我很兴奋能见到我的中国母亲李教授，’凯拉补充道：‘没有我的中国母亲，我的生活将比死还要黑暗。’)”可知，凯拉的手术使凯拉的生活更加积极。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段““Had she not been disfigured, she would have grown up to be a great beauty,” Li said. Then she devised a detailed treatment plan and decided to transplant the skin from one of Kheira’s upper arms to reconstruct her nose, because it matched her facial skin tone and would not leave noticeable scars.(“如果她没有被毁容，她长大后会是一个大美人，”李说。然后，她设计了一个详细的治疗计划，并决定从凯拉的上臂上移植皮肤来重建她的鼻子，因为它与她的面部肤色相匹配，不会留下明显的疤痕)”以及第四段“Though scared at first, Li’s sincere attitude and caring words reminded her of her mother and gave her hope. (虽然一开始很害怕，但李真诚的态度和关心的话语让她想起了母亲，给了她希望)”可知，李教授是一个关心和体贴他人的人。故选A。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“When 89-year-old Li Jinrong heard someone calling her “mom” at an event in Wuhan, Hubei Province, she immediately rose from her seat. s A foreign woman ran toward her before hugging her tightly and saying, “Mom, mom.(在湖北武汉的一次活动中，89岁的李金荣听到有人叫她“妈妈”，她立刻从座位上站了起来。一个外国女人跑过来紧紧地抱住她说：“妈妈，妈妈。”)”、最后一段中“Kheira travelled 10,000 kilometers from Algeria to Wuhan. “This is my first visit to China, but I don’t feel the journey was hard at all, because I am so excited to meet Professor Li, my Chinese mother,” Kheira added, “Without my Chinese mother, my life would be darker than death.”(凯拉从阿尔及利亚到武汉旅行了1万公里。“这是我第一次来中国，但我一点也不觉得旅途艰难，因为我很兴奋能见到我的中国母亲李教授，”凯拉补充道，“没有我的中国母亲，我的生活将比死还要黑暗。”)”结合文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了中国医疗援助团队1985年在阿尔及利亚的Kheira进行全鼻再造手术，近40年后Kheira跨越万里来到中国只为和当时的医生“中国妈妈”李金荣重聚，表达感激之情。B选项“温馨的团聚”最符合文章主旨。故选B。 Passage 4 (23-24高一下·浙江金华·期末) Ellie Hamby, a documentary photographer, and Sandy Haze lip, a physician and lecturer, toured the world in 80 days, adventuring from the beaches of Bali to the deserts of Egypt. The aged grandmothers started their ambitious adventure on January 11, according to the blog the two have used to document their travels. Their first stop was a location that escapes even many seasoned travelers: Antarctica. Getting to the southernmost continent first required crossing the Drake Passage, the known rough waters between the southern tip of South America and Antarctica’s South Shetland Islands. “For almost two days, we were a rocking and rolling and a slipping and sliding through the Drake Passage and we were holding on for dear life,” Hamby said in an interview with CNN. “It was just wild.” “But when we stepped foot on the ground on the Antarctic, you forgot all of that,” she recalled. “The beauty of the Antarctic is just unbelievable to see the penguins and the icebergs and the glacier — just, this was amazing.” Since that first adventure, the pair have visited 18 countries across all seven continents, often dressed in matching T-shirts. They’ve also accumulated (积累) a loving social media following who track the “traveling grannies” on TikTok, Instagram, and Facebook. Hazelip told CNN that she met Hamby after her husband died in 1999. The two bonded over their shared interest in travel and commitment to prioritizing unique experiences over comfort while abroad. Both became closer after Hamby’s husband died in 2005. Hazelip says the idea for their trip originated a few years before they were each set to turn 80. “I just got the idea because we had traveled previously together internationally,” she said. “And so about four years before we were going to turn 80, I mentioned to her one day, ‘Ellie, wouldn’t it be fun to go around the world in 80 days at age 80?’” 13．What can we know about Hazelip and Hamby according to the passage? A．They started their adventure from Bali. B．They recorded their travels on the Internet. C．They have known each other since their youth. D．They long to travel to all seven continents one day. 14．Which of the following best describes their journey to Antarctica? A．Fruitless. B．Light-hearted. C．Well-planned. D．Risky. 15．What contributes to Hazelip and Hamby’s close relationship? A．Shared love for travelling. B．The same family background. C．Similar working experiences. D．Common interest in social media. 16．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To call on readers to travel around the world. B．To recommend Antarctica as a great tourist destination. C．To emphasize the importance of a companion during a trip. D．To share a story about an aged couple’s traveling experience. 【答案】13．B 14．D 15．A 16．D 【来源】浙江省金华市2023-2024学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了两位老奶奶Ellie Hamby和Sandy Hazelip在80天内环游世界，从巴厘岛的海滩到埃及的沙漠。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The aged grandmothers started their ambitious adventure on January 11, according to the blog the two have used to document their travels.(根据两位老奶奶们用来记录旅行的博客，她们于 1 月 11 日开始了她们雄心勃勃的冒险之旅)”和第三段中“They’ve also accumulated (积累) a loving social media following who track the “traveling grannies” on TikTok, Instagram, and Facebook.(她们还在社交媒体上积累了一批热爱的粉丝，这些粉丝在TikTok、Instagram和Facebook上关注了这些“旅行奶奶”)”可知，Hazelip和Hamby在互联网上记录了她们的旅行。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Getting to the southernmost continent first required crossing the Drake Passage, the known rough waters between the southern tip of South America and Antarctica’s South Shetland Islands. “For almost two days, we were a rocking and rolling and a slipping and sliding through the Drake Passage and we were holding on for dear life,” Hamby said in an interview with CNN. “It was just wild.”(要到达最南端的大陆，首先需要穿越德雷克海峡，这是南美洲南端和南极洲南设得兰群岛之间一条众所周知的波涛汹涌的水域。“在将近两天的时间里，我们在德雷克海峡中颠簸摇晃，我们拼命地坚持着，”汉比在接受 CNN 采访时说。“这真是太疯狂了。”)”可推知，南极之旅是很冒险的。故选D。 15．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“The two bonded over their shared interest in travel and commitment to prioritizing unique experiences over comfort while abroad. (两人对旅行有着共同的兴趣，并致力于在国外享受独特的体验，而不是舒适的环境，因此结下了深厚的友谊)”可知，对旅行的共同热爱促成了Hazelip和 Hamby的亲密关系。故选A。 16．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Ellie Hamby, a documentary photographer, and Sandy Haze lip, a physician and lecturer, toured the world in 80 days, adventuring from the beaches of Bali to the deserts of Egypt.(纪实摄影师埃利·汉比 (Ellie Hamby) 和医生兼讲师桑迪·黑兹利普 (Sandy Hazelip) 在 80 天内环游世界，从巴厘岛的海滩到埃及的沙漠)”和第二段中“The aged grandmothers started their ambitious adventure on January 11, according to the blog the two have used to document their travels.(根据两位老奶奶用来记录旅行的博客，她们于1月11日开始了这次雄心勃勃的冒险之旅)”可知，文章主要讲述了两位老奶奶Ellie Hamby和Sandy Hazelip在80天内环游世界的故事。由此推知，文章的目的是分享两位老人旅行经历的故事。故选D。 主题01 人与社会——社会，文化与科技 Passage 1 (24-25高一下·浙江杭州上城区等5地·期末) Carmakers have made great advances in safety over the last 20 years. At the forefront of these advances are digital technologies that can keep a car in its lane (车道), stop to avoid a crash by itself, and even call for help in an emergency. But unfortunately, these carmakers are going too far concerning the rising dependence on touch screens inside cars. In the beginning, touch screens were a practical way to put satellite, GPS-guided directions, and other useful entertainment functions together into cars while the main controls (控制装置) for driving were left largely unchanged. But designers couldn’t just leave them alone. Now, touch screens, which require a hand and concentration to use, have taken over many functions, even basic driving tasks like turning on headlights and checking the car’s speed, stealing drivers’ attention. Distracted (分心的) driving has become a big problem. According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, accidents caused by distracted driving in 2022 led to 3,308 traffic deaths. Thousands more drivers have their cars damaged or destroyed by those who just can’t keep their eyes off their screens. Besides, the overdependence on touch screens presents a usability issue, too. If any part of a driver’s hand accidentally touches the screen, it’s likely to activate some feature, and not necessarily the wanted one. Quickly disappearing are the days when physical buttons enable drivers to turn down the radio or turn on the headlights simply by feel, without taking their eyes off the road. Instead, they must divide their attention between the road and the screen, which is dangerous. I’m not opposed to technological upgrades in general. But when I have to focus on what’s inside the car instead of on what’s happening in front of it, it’s gone too far. So give me back my physical buttons that I can control only by feel, and let me keep my eyes on the road where they belong. 1．What’s the first paragraph mainly about? A．Complaints from some carmakers. B．Celebration of technological advances. C．Importance of digital technologies in cars. D．A concerning problem with an in-car technology. 2．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Driving tasks. B．Basic driving tasks. C．Main controls for driving. D．Useful entertainment functions. 3．What is included in paragraph 3? A．Rules. B．Effects. C．Solutions. D．Reasons. 4．What’s the writer’s attitude toward in-car touch screen technology? A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Satisfied. D．Unconcerned. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【来源】浙江省杭州市上城区等5地2024-2025学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了车内触摸屏技术导致的分心驾驶问题及其对交通安全的影响，并表达了对这一趋势的担忧和批评。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Carmakers have made great advances in safety over the last 20 years. At the forefront of these advances are digital technologies that can keep a car in its lane, stop to avoid a crash by itself, and even call for help in an emergency. But unfortunately, these carmakers are going too far concerning the rising dependence on touch screens inside cars. (在过去的20年里，汽车制造商在安全方面取得了巨大的进步。这些进步的最前沿是数字技术，它可以让汽车保持在车道上，自动停车以避免碰撞，甚至在紧急情况下呼救。但不幸的是，就车内对触摸屏日益增长的依赖而言，这些汽车制造商做得太过分了。)”可知，第一段主要讨论的是车内触摸屏技术引发的一个令人担忧的问题。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“In the beginning, touch screens were a practical way to put satellite, GPS-guided directions, and other useful entertainment functions together into cars while the main controls (控制装置) for driving were left largely unchanged. But designers couldn’t just leave them alone. (起初，触摸屏是一种实用的方式，可以将卫星、GPS导航方向和其他有用的娱乐功能集成到汽车中，而驾驶的主要控制装置则基本保持不变。但设计师们不能就这么放着它们不管。)”可知，them指代的是“main controls for driving (驾驶的主要控制装置)”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Distracted (分心的) driving has become a big problem. According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, accidents caused by distracted driving in 2022 led to 3,308 traffic deaths. Thousands more drivers have their cars damaged or destroyed by those who just can’t keep their eyes off their screens. Besides, the overdependence on touch screens presents a usability issue, too. If any part of a driver’s hand accidentally touches the screen, it’s likely to activate some feature, and not necessarily the wanted one. (分心驾驶已经成为一个大问题。根据美国国家公路交通安全管理局的数据，2022年因分心驾驶导致的交通事故造成3308人死亡。还有数千名司机的汽车被那些无法将视线从屏幕上移开的人损坏或摧毁。此外，过度依赖触摸屏也带来了可用性问题。如果司机的手不小心碰到屏幕的任何部分，都可能激活某些功能，但不一定是想要的功能。)”可知，第三段主要讨论了分心驾驶带来的影响，包括交通事故和可用性问题。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’m not opposed to technological upgrades in general. But when I have to focus on what’s inside the car instead of on what’s happening in front of it, it’s gone too far. So give me back my physical buttons that I can control only by feel, and let me keep my eyes on the road where they belong. (总的来说，我并不反对技术升级。但当我不得不把注意力放在车内的东西上，而不是车前方发生的事情上时，这就太过了。所以，把那些我仅凭触感就能操作的物理按键还给我吧，让我的眼睛能一直盯着它本该在的地方——路面。)”可推知，作者反对过度依赖车载触摸屏，态度消极。故选A。 Passage 2 (23-24高一下·浙江温州平阳县万全综合高级中学·期末) There is a saying about the south-western Chinese province of Guizhou: “Not three feet of flat land, not three days without rain, not a family with three silver coins.” But,with the help of a spicy sauce, Tao Huabi, also known as “China’s hottest woman”, has well and truly opposed this rule. Born in 1947, the eighth daughter of a poor family in a village of mountainous Guizhou, Tao did not go to school and did not learn to read or write. She spent her childhood hungry,and survived the Great Chinese Famine by eating plant roots,according to a biography on Weibo. When her husband died, she moved to the city of Guiyang and started selling noodles with a sauce that she made herself, She eventually opened the charmingly named Economical Restaurant in the 1990s. When a new highway brought truck drivers to Guiyang, she gave them free jars of the sauce and they spread the word.In 1996, she set a factory up in a house in Guiyang, and a year later Lao Gan Ma Special Flavour Foodstuffs Company was born. Miranda Brown, professor of Chinese studies at the University of Michigan, who is writing a book on the history of Chinese food, says that in China, Lao Gan Ma’s popularity is mainly because her products are natural. Chinese consumers tend to want foods that perfectly mix regional flavors and use ingredients grown from the soil of those regions. And today Lao Gan Ma is also increasingly popular overseas, especially in the US. According to its website, the company produces 1.3 million bottles daily, helping the historically poor Guizhou achieve 10. 5% growth—the second fastest of every Chinese province that year, and ahead of the national rate of 6.7%. As for the godmother herself, an article in Yicai Global describes her as the Queen of a “red kingdom” of chili fields. 5．Why is the saying mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic of the passage. B．To serve as background information. C．To attract the interest of the readers. D．To describe the present Guizhou. 6．What does the second paragraph focus on? A．Tao’s growth process. B．Tao’s living conditions. C．The hardships faced by Tao. D．The development of the company. 7．According to Miranda Brown, what is the reason for Lao Gan Ma’s popularity? A．Low price. B．Spicy taste. C．Local ingredients. D．Positive comments. 8．What can we learn from Tao’s story? A．God helps those who help themselves. B．Failure is the mother of success. C．Well begun, half done. D．Many hands make light work. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．C 8．A 【来源】浙江省温州市平阳县万全综合高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末普高英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了老干妈辣酱的创始人——陶华碧的故事。介绍了她如何开创老干妈这个品牌并使之风靡全球的经历。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“There is a saying about the south-western Chinese province of Guizhou: “Not three feet of flat land, not three days without rain, not a family with three silver coins.” But with the help of a spicy sauce, Tao Huabi, also known as “China’s hottest woman”, has well and truly opposed this rule.(关于中国西南省份贵州有一种说法：“天无三日晴，地无三尺平，人无三分银。”不过，有中国“最火辣的女人”之称的陶华碧，凭借一种辣味调料完全打破了这条规律。)”可知，第一段对于中国贵州的这么一个说法，是为了介绍陶华碧的成长环境，属于人物背景知识介绍。故选B。 6．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段内容“Born in 1947, the eighth daughter of a poor family in a village of mountainous Guizhou, Tao did not go to school and did not learn to read or write. She spent her childhood hungry, and survived the Great Chinese Famine by eating plant roots, according to a biography on Weibo. When her husband died, she moved to the city of Guiyang and started selling noodles with a sauce that she made herself, She eventually opened the charmingly named Economical Restaurant in the 1990s. When a new highway brought truck drivers to Guiyang, she gave them free jars of the sauce and they spread the word. In 1996, she set a factory up in a house in Guiyang, and a year later Lao Gan Ma Special Flavour Foodstuffs Company was born.(陶华碧1947年出生于贵州山区一个农村贫困家庭，她在家排行老八，她没有上过学，也不识字。根据微博上的一篇传记，她的童年是在饥饿中度过的，在大饥荒中靠吃植物的根活了下来。丈夫去世后，她搬到了贵阳，开始卖她自己做的酱面。最后，她在20世纪90年代开了一家名叫“实惠饭店”的餐馆。当地新修了一条公路后，许多卡车司机途经贵阳，她给他们免费赠送了几罐辣酱，因此声名远扬。1996年，她在贵阳的一所房子里开了一家工厂，一年后，老干妈风味食品有限公司诞生了。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了陶华碧的成长经历。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Miranda Brown, professor of Chinese studies at the University of Michigan, who is writing a book on the history of Chinese food, says that in China, Lao Gan Ma’s popularity is mainly because her products are natural. Chinese consumers tend to want foods that perfectly mix regional flavors and use ingredients grown from the soil of those regions.(密歇根大学从事中国研究的教授米Miranda Brown正在写一本关于中国美食历史的书。她说，在中国，老干妈受欢迎主要是因为她的产品是纯天然的。中国消费者倾向于选择能完美代表地方美食并使用本地自产配料的食物。)”可知，老干妈受欢迎的主要原因是其产自当地自产的配料。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Born in 1947, the eighth daughter of a poor family in a village of mountainous Guizhou, Tao did not go to school and did not learn to read or write. She spent her childhood hungry, and survived the Great Chinese Famine by eating plant roots, according to a biography on Weibo. When her husband died, she moved to the city of Guiyang and started selling noodles with a sauce that she made herself, She eventually opened the charmingly named Economical Restaurant in the 1990s. When a new highway brought truck drivers to Guiyang, she gave them free jars of the sauce and they spread the word. In 1996, she set a factory up in a house in Guiyang, and a year later Lao Gan Ma Special Flavour Foodstuffs Company was born.(陶华碧1947年出生于贵州山区一个农村贫困家庭，她在家排行老八，她没有上过学，也不识字。根据微博上的一篇传记，她的童年是在饥饿中度过的，在大饥荒中靠吃植物的根活了下来。丈夫去世后，她搬到了贵阳，开始卖她自己做的酱面。最后，她在20世纪90年代开了一家名叫“实惠饭店”的餐馆。当地新修了一条公路后，许多卡车司机途经贵阳，她给他们免费赠送了几罐辣酱，因此声名远扬。1996年，她在贵阳的一所房子里开了一家工厂，一年后，老干妈风味食品有限公司诞生了。)”可知，陶华碧的成功是源自于她自身的努力，即便遭遇人生低谷，她也在不断努力，奋斗，最终取得了成功。选项A“God helps those who help themselves. (天助自助者。)”；选项B“Failure is the mother of success. (失败是成功之母。)”；选项C“Well begun, half done. (好的开始是成功的一半。)”；选项D“Many hands make light work. (人多好办事。)”。选项A最符合文意，故选A。 Passage 3 (23-24高一下·浙江丽水·期末) Thomas Taylor’s original watercolor illustration for the first edition of “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone” published by Bloomsbury in 1997 is scheduled to be auctioned (拍卖) for June 26 in New York. The artwork is expected to bring in between $400,000 to $600,000, setting a record for any Harry Potter-related material ever offered at auction. Illustrator Thomas Taylor was a 23-year-old recent art school graduate when he was hired by Bloomsbury to make a cover illustration for a fantasy children’s book by then-unknown author J.K. Rowling. It was Taylor’s first professional task, and he recalled being directed by Bloomsbury’s editor to depict the scene — Harry approaching the Hogwarts Express at King’s Cross Station. Despite having limited freedom for artistic expression, Taylor faithfully followed the instructions. Taylor had the unique opportunity to read Rowling’s early manuscript (手稿) on a train, making him one of the very first individuals to do so. The manuscript, only printed on one side, was missing Chapter 11, as the author was still making changes. Despite its incomplete state, Taylor found it to be a fascinating glimpse into the world of Harry Potter. Taylor revealed that he used the blank underside of each manuscript page for sketching. “And then I think I put the rest of it in the recycling bin,” he said.  “Of course now I really regret that.” But Taylor said at the beginning he had mixed feelings about this early, giant success. “Normally when you start out as an illustrator, you kind of hope that your first work will be a bit forgotten and then you’ll develop and get better and better,” Taylor told The Rowling Library. However, he said he’s finally made peace with it — in part because of how prized his Harry Potter book cover painting has become at auction. 9．What does the underlined word “depict”  in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Discover. B．Illustrate. C．Set. D．Imagine. 10．What can we learn about Thomas Taylor? A．He found the manuscript absorbing. B．He was famous when given the task. C．He used the book pages for sketching. D．He had complete freedom of creation. 11．How did Taylor originally feel about his early success? A．Joyful but uncertain. B．Cheerful and excited. C．Anxious but grateful. D．Satisfied and confident. 12．What might be the best title for the passage? A．Thomas Taylor’s Magic Illustrations B．An Auction of Harry Potter Illustrations C．The Fascinating Manuscript of Harry Potter D．Thomas Taylor: Harry Potter’s First Illustrator 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．A 12．D 【来源】浙江省丽水市2023-2024学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了Thomas Taylor为第一版《哈利波特与魔法石》创作的水彩插画即将在纽约拍卖的消息，并预期这幅作品将在拍卖中创下哈利波特相关物品的拍卖纪录。 9．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Harry approaching the Hogwarts Express at King’s Cross Station.(哈利在国王十字车站走近霍格沃茨特快列车)”可知，此处是在描述书中的场景。由此推知，划线词depict为“描绘”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“Taylor had the unique opportunity to read Rowling’s early manuscript (手稿) on a train, making him one of the very first individuals to do so. The manuscript, only printed on one side, was missing Chapter 11, as the author was still making changes. Despite its incomplete state, Taylor found it to be a fascinating glimpse into the world of Harry Potter.(泰勒有幸在火车上阅读了罗琳的早期手稿，成为最早阅读该手稿的人之一。手稿只打印了一面，缺少了第11章，因为作者仍在对其进行修改。尽管手稿并不完整，但泰勒发现，这是哈利·波特世界一个引人入胜的缩影)”可知，托马斯·泰勒觉得这份手稿很吸引人。故选A项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But Taylor said at the beginning he had mixed feelings about this early, giant success. “Normally when you start out as an illustrator, you kind of hope that your first work will be a bit forgotten and then you’ll develop and get better and better,” Taylor told The Rowling Library. However, he said he’s finally made peace with it — in part because of how prized his Harry Potter book cover painting has become at auction.(但泰勒说，一开始他对这一早期的巨大成功百感交集。泰勒在接受《罗琳图书馆》采访时表示：“通常情况下，当你开始成为一名插画师时，你会希望自己的第一部作品会被遗忘，然后你会发展得越来越好。”然而，他说他终于接受了这件事，部分原因是他的《哈利波特》封面画在拍卖会上变得非常珍贵)”可推知，泰勒对于他早期的成功感到百感交集，也就是快乐但是不确定是不是有利于自己的发展，他认为当你开始成为一名插画师时，你会希望自己的第一部作品会被遗忘，然后你会发展得越来越好。故选A项。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thomas Taylor’s original watercolor illustration for the first edition of “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone” published by Bloomsbury in 1997 is scheduled to be auctioned (拍卖) for June 26 in New York. The artwork is expected to bring in between $400,000 to $600,000, setting a record for any Harry Potter-related material ever offered at auction.(托马斯·泰勒为布鲁姆斯伯里出版社1997年出版的第一版《哈利·波特与魔法石》绘制的水彩画原作将于6月26日在纽约拍卖。这幅作品预计将拍出40万至60万美元的高价，创下了拍卖会上所有哈利波特相关物品的拍卖纪录)”可知，本文主要讲述了托马斯·泰勒为第一版《哈利波特与魔法石》创作的水彩插画即将在纽约拍卖的消息。由此可知，D项“Thomas Taylor: Harry Potter’s First Illustrator(托马斯·泰勒：《哈利·波特》的第一位插画师)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D项。 Passage 4 (23-24高一下·浙江嘉兴·期末) If we are to believe some of the upsetting headlines about Al, barely anyone’s job is safe. 32% of UK employees think AI could make their roles unnecessary, according to a research in 2023. Yet the same research found that 28% of workers believe AI could make their jobs easier. Meanwhile, many technologists claim that GenAI tools such as ChatGPT are more likely to help workers than replace them. And so different industries are exploring it. International law firm Cleary Gottliebfor, for instance, uses GenAI to scan its databases and create a summary of its lawyers’ relevant experience before meetings with a new client (客户). However, the firm says that the document produced by the AI won’t be ready to send immediately. However, without carefully assessing (评估) its possible side effects beforehand, companies that adopt (采用) a new AI tool risk distancing employees or even making their lives more difficult. Firms should therefore identify whether the tech they’re interested in is likely to be a net benefit or not, according to Peter, assistant professor of AI at Leiden University. Actually, there are several other disadvantages that firms seeking to adopt it must avoid. In a banking conference, for instance, 15CIOs had all been keen to realize the huge productivity gains promised by GenAI. Three months later, these IT chiefs “hit a wall” when trust issues concerning data privacy and security arose. They were worried that the data they had been putting into the tools would make its way into their competitors’ banks. Dylan Morley, lead principal engineer at Asos, reports that measuring the impact of such tools is a topic of “great discussion” across the industry. But he adds that this is a more complex matter than simply adopting a tool and waiting for, say, a 10% efficiency gain. She argues that firms could be focusing on areas such as managing time spent in meetings, other than adopting AI tools if improving efficiency is indeed their main goal. 13．Why does the author list numbers in paragraph 1? A．To explain the upsetting fact about AI. B．To introduce technologists’ views on AI. C．To prove the value of the research on AI. D．To show different people’s ideas about AI. 14．What can we learn from the example of Cleary Gottliebfor? A．The law firm lacks confidence in AI. B．The Al can’t summarize lawyers’ experience. C．The document produced by AI is of poor quality. D．Further steps are needed before the document is used. 15．What does paragraph 3 focus on? A．The potential risks of AI. B．The way to assess Al’s effects. C．The ongoing application of AI. D．The difficulties employees face. 16．What can we infer from Dylan Morley’s opinion? A．Firms should not use AI tools. B．AI is not the only way to gain efficiency. C．AI is a more complex tool than we think. D．It’s necessary to measure the impact of AI. 【答案】13．D 14．D 15．A 16．B 【来源】浙江省嘉兴市2023-2024学年高一下学期6月期末考试英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能（AI）在不同行业中的应用、其潜在影响以及公司应该如何评估和管理这些影响。 13．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If we are to believe some of the upsetting headlines about Al, barely anyone’s job is safe. 32% of UK employees think AI could make their roles unnecessary, according to a research in 2023. Yet the same research found that 28% of workers believe AI could make their jobs easier.(如果我们相信一些关于人工智能的令人不安的头条新闻，那么几乎没有人的工作是安全的。根据2023年的一项研究，32%的英国员工认为人工智能可能会使他们的角色变得不必要。然而，同样的研究发现，28%的员工认为人工智能可以让他们的工作更轻松。)”可知，作者在第一段中通过列出具体的数字，如32%的英国员工认为人工智能可能会使他们的角色变得不必要、28%的员工认为人工智能可以让他们的工作更轻松，是为了展示不同人对AI的不同看法。故选D。 14．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“And so different industries are exploring it. International law firm Cleary Gottliebfor, for instance, uses GenAI to scan its databases and create a summary of its lawyers’ relevant experience before meetings with a new client (客户). However, the firm says that the document produced by the AI won’t be ready to send immediately.(所以不同的行业都在探索它。例如，国际律师事务所Cleary Gottliebfor使用GenAI扫描其数据库，并在与新客户会面之前创建其律师的相关经验摘要。然而，该公司表示，人工智能生成的文件不会立即准备好发送。)”可知，虽然该公司使用了AI工具来扫描数据库并生成律师的相关经验摘要，但这个由AI生成的文档不会立即准备好发送。这意味着在使用这个文档之前，还需要进行进一步的步骤或检查。因此，我们可以从这个例子中了解到，在使用AI生成的文档之前需要进一步的步骤。故选D。 15．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“However, without carefully assessing (评估) its possible side effects beforehand, companies that adopt(采用)a new AI tool risk distancing employees or even making their lives more difficult.(然而，在没有事先仔细评估可能产生的副作用的情况下，企业采用新的人工智能工具可能会疏远员工，甚至使他们的生活变得更加困难。)”以及全段内容可知，本段主要讲述了AI的潜在风险，即如果不进行仔细评估，公司可能会面临员工疏远或生活困难的风险。接着，该段还提到了公司应该确定他们感兴趣的技术是否可能带来净效益，这也与评估AI的潜在风险有关。故选A。 16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Dylan Morley, lead principal engineer at Asos, reports that measuring the impact of such tools is a topic of “great discussion” across the industry. But he adds that this is a more complex matter than simply adopting a tool and waiting for, say, a 10% efficiency gain. She argues that firms could be focusing on areas such as managing time spent in meetings, other than adopting AI tools if improving efficiency is indeed their main goal.(Asos首席工程师Dylan Morley报告说，衡量这些工具的影响是整个行业“热烈讨论”的话题。但他补充说，这比简单地采用一种工具并等待效率提高10%要复杂得多。她认为，如果企业的主要目标确实是提高效率，那么它们可以把重点放在管理会议时间等领域，而不是采用人工智能工具。)”可知，Dylan Morley提到，如果提高效率确实是公司的主要目标，那么公司应该关注的领域不仅仅是采用AI工具，还可以是其他领域，比如管理会议时间。这暗示了AI并不是提高效率的唯一方法，公司有其他多种选择可以考虑。故选B。 主题02 人与自然——环境和动物 Passage 1 (23-24高一下·浙江温州平阳县万全综合高级中学·期末) To some, a cow’s burp (打嗝) might seem like a small thing. But in New Zealand, there are more cows than people. There are only five million people in New Zealand, which is home to 10 million cows. Cows do not easily digest the grass they eat-instead, they ferment (发酵) it in their stomachs. The process releases a lot of gas. So, every time someone eats beef or drinks milk, the process comes at a high cost to the environment. The cows produce methane (甲烷) gas, which has a much stronger effect on global warming. The scientists in New Zealand are working on ways to reduce the amount of gas that comes out of the cows. They are considering changing the food the animals eat or putting a device on the cow to change the methane into something innocuous. There is also talk of feeding the cows a kind of special red seaweed or giving them a food addition that would help them digest the grass. In addition, farmers want a solution. That is because New Zealand has announced plans to tax farmers whose animals produce too much methane gas. The farmers say they will be affected if the tax plan go into effect. A farmer running a farm in the town of Featherston, in the Wellington Region, is trying to get more milk from each cow. The increased efficiency means he does not need as many cows, which in turn reduces the amount of methane coming from his farm. At a farmer level, he is doing his bit to help save the planet. The fight against methane is serious in New Zealand. The county promised to reduce the gas produced by farm animals by up to 47 percent by the year 2050. 1．Why does cows’ burping become a problem in New Zealand? A．New Zealanders prefer milk. B．The number of the cows is too large. C．The cows consume much grass. D．The cows have the digestive problem. 2．What does the underlined word “innocuous” mean in paragraph3? A．Rare. B．Poisonous. C．Harmless. D．Inexpensive. 3．Why do cow farmers want a solution? A．They will raise fewer cows. B．They are affected by the warm climate. C．They can’t increase milking efficiency. D．They will face a heavier financial burden. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Climate Change: Cow Raising Is to Blame B．Methane Gas: The Fight Against It Is Serious C．Global Warming: New Zealand Targets Cow Burps D．Cow Burping: Scientists Look for Some Ways to Stop It 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【来源】浙江省温州市平阳县万全综合高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末普高英语试题 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述的是，因为奶牛打嗝产生的气体对全球变暖有很大影响，新西兰在寻找方法减少奶牛打嗝产生的气体。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“ To some, a cow’s burp might seem like a small thing. But in New Zealand, there are more cows than people. There are only five million people in New Zealand, which is home to 10 million cows. (对一些人来说，牛打嗝似乎是一件小事。但在新西兰，奶牛比人多。新西兰只有500万人口，那里有1000万头牛。)”和第二段的“The cows produce methane  gas, which has a much stronger effect on global warming. (奶牛会产生甲烷气体，这对全球变暖的影响要大得多。)”可知，奶牛打嗝会成为新西兰的一个问题是因为奶牛的数量太多了，会排放出大量的导致全球变暖的甲烷气体。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“The cows produce methane gas, which has a much stronger effect on global warming.(奶牛会产生甲烷气体，这对全球变暖的影响要大得多。) ”和第三段的“putting a device on the cow to change the methane into something (在奶牛身上安装一个装置，将甲烷转化为innocuous的东西。)”可知，该装置可以把甲烷变成安全无害的东西，以减少对全球变暖的影响，则划线词意为“无害的”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段的“That is because New Zealand has announced plans to tax farmers whose animals produce too much methane gas. The farmers say they will be affected if the tax plan go into effect. (这是因为新西兰宣布计划对动物产生过多甲烷气体的农民征税。农民们表示，如果税收计划生效，他们将受到影响。)”可知，奶牛养殖户想要一个解决方案的原因是他们将面临更沉重的财政负担。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段的“The cows produce methane gas, which has a much stronger effect on global warming.(奶牛会产生甲烷气体，这对全球变暖的影响要大得多。) 和最后一段的“The fight against methane is serious in New Zealand. The county promised to reduce the gas produced by farm animals by up to 47 percent by the year 2050. (在新西兰，与甲烷的斗争是严肃的。该国承诺到2050年将农场动物产生的甲烷气体减少47%。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是，因为奶牛打嗝产生的气体对全球变暖有很大影响，新西兰在寻找方法减少奶牛打嗝产生的气体，因此C项（全球变暖：新西兰着手解决奶牛打嗝）概括文章内容最全面，最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 Passage 2 (23-24高一下·浙江宁波奉化区·期末) Australia officially listed koalas across its eastern coast as “endangered” on Friday. Conservationists (自然环境保护者) said koala populations had crashed in much of eastern Australia over the past two decades, warning that they were now sliding towards extinction. The koala, a globally recognized symbol of Australia’s unique wildlife, had been listed as “vulnerable (易危)”  on the eastern coast just a decade earlier. “We are taking unprecedented (史无前例的) action to protect the koala,” the Minister of Environment, Sussan Ley said, highlighting a recent government promise of Aus$50 million to protect and recover koala habitats. Environmentalists welcomed the koalas’ new status (地位) but blamed Australia’s failure to protect the species so far. “Koalas have gone from no-listing to vulnerable to endangered within a decade. That is a shockingly fast decline,” said WWF-Australia conservation scientist Stuart Blanch. “Today’s decision is welcome, but it won’t stop koalas from sliding towards extinction unless it’s accompanied by stronger laws to protect their forest homes.” Alexia Wellbelove of the Humane Society International said east coast koalas could be extinct by 2050 if no action was taken. “We can’t afford any more clearing,” she said. “The extinction of koalas does not have to happen,” she added, “we must stop allowing their homes to be cleared for mines, new houses, agricultural projects and industrial logging (伐木).” Australia’s koalas had been living on a “knife edge” even before the “Black Summer” bushfires of 2019-2020 because of land-clearing, drought, disease, car strikes and dog attacks, said Josey Sharrad, wildlife campaign manager at the International Fund for Animal Welfare. “We should never have allowed things to get to the point where we are at risk of losing a national icon (象征),” Sharrad said, “The bushfires were the final straw. This must be a wake-up call to Australia and the government to move much faster to protect critical habitat from development and land-clearing, and seriously deal with the influences of climate change.” 5．What is the problem mentioned in Para 1? A．Koala populations have increased quickly. B．Koalas enjoy too much popularity in Australia. C．Koalas get crushed by other animals. D．Koalas are at risk of extinction. 6．Why did environmentalists welcome the koala’s new status? A．This would stop koalas from extinction. B．They could blame the government’s failure. C．This could lead to stronger action to protect koalas. D．They may have time to recover koala habitats. 7．How does the author prove his idea? A．By making a comparison. B．By analyzing figures. C．By doing a survey. D．By quoting environmentalists’ words. 8．What’s the purpose of this text? A．To call on people to protect Koala. B．To show the causes of Koalas’ disappearance. C．To show Koalas’ important statue. D．To present environmentalists’ words. 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．D 8．A 【来源】浙江省宁波市奉化区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述澳大利亚将考拉列为濒危物种，并分析原因，呼吁尽快采取措施。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Conservationists said koala populations had crashed in much of eastern Australia over the past two decades, warning that they were now sliding towards extinction.”（自然环境保护者说，过去二十年里，考拉数量在澳大利亚东部大部分地区急剧下降，警告说它们现在正走向灭绝。）可知，考拉正面临灭绝的风险。故选D。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“ Environmentalists welcomed the koalas’ new status (地位) but blamed Australia’s failure to protect the species so far. “Koalas have gone from no-listing to vulnerable to endangered within a decade. That is a shockingly fast decline,” said WWF-Australia conservation scientist Stuart Blanch. “Today’s decision is welcome, but it won’t stop koalas from sliding towards extinction unless it’s accompanied by stronger laws to protect their forest homes.””（环境保护主义者欢迎考拉的新地位，但指责澳大利亚迄今未能保护这一物种。“考拉在十年内从未列入名单到易危再到濒危。这是一个令人震惊的快速下降，”世界自然基金会澳大利亚保护科学家Stuart Blanch说。“今天的决定是受欢迎的，但除非有更强有力的法律来保护它们的森林家园，否则它不会阻止考拉走向灭绝。”）可知，环境保护主义者欢迎考拉的新地位是因为这可能会导致更强有力的行动来保护考拉。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据第三段““Koalas have gone from no-listing to vulnerable to endangered within a decade. That is a shockingly fast decline,” said WWF-Australia conservation scientist Stuart Blanch. “Today’s decision is welcome, but it won’t stop koalas from sliding towards extinction unless it’s accompanied by stronger laws to protect their forest homes.””（“考拉在十年内从未被列入名单到脆弱到濒临灭绝。这是一个令人震惊的快速下降，”世界自然基金会澳大利亚保护科学家斯图尔特·布兰奇说。“今天的决定是受欢迎的，但它不会阻止考拉走向灭绝，除非有更强有力的法律来保护它们的森林家园。”）、第四段“Alexia Wellbelove of the Humane Society International said east coast koalas could be extinct by 2050 if no action was taken. “We can’t afford any more clearing,” she said. “The extinction of koalas does not have to happen,” she added, “we must stop allowing their homes to be cleared for mines, new houses, agricultural projects and industrial logging (伐木).””（国际人道协会的亚历克西娅·韦洛夫说，如果不采取行动，东海岸的考拉可能会在2050年灭绝。“我们负担不起更多的空地了，”她说。“考拉的灭绝是可以避免的，”她补充说，“我们必须停止允许它们的家园被用于采矿、新建房屋、农业项目和工业伐木。”）可知，作者通过引用环境保护主义者的话来证明他的观点。故选D。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This must be a wake-up call to Australia and the government to move much faster to protect critical habitat from development and land-clearing, and seriously deal with the influences of climate change.”（这必须是对澳大利亚和政府的警钟，要求他们加快行动，保护关键栖息地免受开发和土地清理的影响，并认真应对气候变化的影响。）结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述澳大利亚将考拉列为濒危物种，并分析原因，呼吁尽快采取措施。所以本文的目的是呼吁人们保护考拉。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会——社会，文化与科技 Passage 1 (24-25高一下·浙江宁波奉化区·期末) Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare (噩梦). But it should not be exactly far-fetched. Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious. Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally. Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide. All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful engagement, which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored. Though these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. For example, GPS has undoubtedly changed how we travel. But a 2020 study found that frequent GPS users struggle more with self-guided navigation (航行). Over time, those who depended more on GPS showed a sharp loss in special memory and problem-solving skills. However, reducing dependence on these conveniences can lead to discomfort. In seeking comfort today, we might be trading away some discomfort. That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. Viewing stress, a kind of discomfort, as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better results. Research shows that mild stress can improve adaptability (适应性). Neuroscience (神经科学) shows that neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to form new connections — is improved through challenging experiences. This adaptability is important for developing resilience (抗逆力), a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort. But this doesn’t mean we should reject comfort entirely; it’s to balance it with intentional discomfort. Think of it as “microdosing hardship” — a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand. These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers of ease. So, the next time you feel the pull of ease, pause. Ask yourself: Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck? Choosing discomfort isn’t easy, but sometimes, it’s worth it. 1．What does the underlined word “far-fetched” in Paragraph I probably mean? A．Possible to change. B．Certain to function. C．Unlikely to be settled. D．Unable to be accepted. 2．What may digital conveniences cause according to the text? A．The meaningful engagement. B．The fast but worthless relief. C．The lack of necessary comfort. D．The loss of thinking ability. 3．Which is a real-life application of “microdosing hardship”? A．Taking the stairs instead of the lift. B．Ordering take-out food after work. C．Writing an email using voice-to-text. D．Exploring a new city by using GPS. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．GPS: the invisible (隐形的) cost of convenience. B．Stress: the main cause of brain damage. C．Discomfort: a hidden source of resilience. D．Smartphones: barriers (障碍) to human progress. Passage 2 (24-25高一下·浙江宁波三锋联盟·期末) Junior Atreyee Ghosh, a biochemistry and psychology major at the University of Rochester (UR), first heard about the Brain Exercise Initiative (BEI) through a friend. Since her freshman year of college, Ghosh has been volunteering with senior citizens in her hometown of Georgia. She wanted to continue this work at UR, so she started trying to establish a BEI chapter in Rochester. Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disease that affects 55 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of dementia (痴呆). BEI’s mission is to send volunteers to help older people with Alzheimer’s complete special brain exercise packets. These packets have three sections: Writing: Basic questions like “Who is on the dollar bill?” Math: Quick math problems (addition, subtraction, multiplication) to do as fast as possible. Reading: A short passage that the volunteer and the older person discuss. Ghosh says BEI isn’t just about doing the exercises — it’s about making genuine relationships. “We want to learn their names and listen to their life stories — it’s about being human connection.” Research show that doing these brain exercises regularly can help improve the cognitive abilities of people with Alzheimer’s. This type of program is already used in over 1,400 care homes in Japan. Ali Al Qazzaz, a microbiology major and the chapter’s Outreach Coordinator (协调员), joined BEI to bridge his school academic interest on Alzheimer’s especially why it’s more common near the Earth’s equator (赤道). “As a premedical student, I want to both study the disease and learn from people who have it,” he says. Volunteers get training, including role-playing sessions to handle challenges like when someone has struggling with the exercises. Recently, BEI co-sponsored Family Science Day. They played brain memory games with local families to teach kids and parents about how memory works. After that, the group will do a practice volunteer session at St. Ann’s Community. The chapter also hopes to partner with Brook Dale Senior Living. To stay updated on volunteering opportunities, follow @rockester. bei on Instagram. 5．What motivated Ghosh to found a BEI chapter at UR? A．A requirement for her biochemistry major. B．A personal family experience with dementia. C．Her academic research on Alzheimer’s disease. D．Her desire to continue volunteering with seniors. 6．What does BEI’s training for volunteers include? A．Medical tests for seniors. B．Visits to care homes in Japan. C．Lectures on Alzheimer’s disease. D．Brain exercise for seniors with Alzheimer’s. 7．What did BEI do during Family Science Day? A．They launched their Instagram page. B．They conducted a trial run of their exercise packets. C．They hosted brain memory games for local families. D．They held a volunteer activity at St．Ann’s Community. 8．Where is this article most likely taken from? A．A senior care industry magazine. B．A university campus news website. C．A social welfare organization brochure. D．An international medical research journal. Passage 3 (23-24高一下·浙江宁波慈溪·期末) When 89-year-old Li Jinrong heard someone calling her “mom” at an event in Wuhan, Hubei Province, she immediately rose from her seat. A foreign woman ran toward her before hugging her tightly and saying, “Mom, mom.” The woman, Bouammouch Kheira, is from Algeria. She underwent a total nasal reconstruction operation (全鼻再造手术) — the first of its kind in Africa — that was done by Li and other members of a Chinese medical team 40 years ago. In 1984, Li joined the 11th Chinese medical aid mission to Algeria. She helped a hospital in the North African country carry out oral (口腔的) and facial operations. In 1985, 12-year-old Kheira visited the hospital to seek treatment for a stomach infection. Doctor Li happened to notice Kheira’s badly disfigured (容貌受损的) nose, the tip of which was bitten off by a donkey when she was just 2 years old. “Had she not been disfigured, she would have grown up to be a great beauty,” Li said. Then she devised a detailed treatment plan and decided to transplant the skin from one of Kheira’s upper arms to reconstruct her nose, because it matched her facial skin tone and would not leave noticeable scars. Though scared at first, Li’s sincere attitude and caring words reminded her of her mother and gave her hope. The reconstruction of Kheira’s nose required four operations over a period of two months. After its perfect completion, Kheira ran from ward (病房) to ward, telling everyone that she now had a nose, a gift from her “Chinese mother”. Kheira travelled 10,000 kilometers from Algeria to Wuhan. “This is my first visit to China, but I don’t feel the journey was hard at all, because I am so excited to meet Professor Li, my Chinese mother,” Kheira added, “Without my Chinese mother, my life would be darker than death,” 9．Why did Kheira go to the hospital in 1985? A．She went to visit doctor Li by design. B．Her nose tip was bitten off by a donkey. C．She longed to learn about facial operations. D．There was something wrong with her stomach. 10．What do we know about the operation performed on Kheira? A．It left no scars on Kheira’ body. B．It made Kheira’s life more positive. C．It was the first of this kind in the world. D．It was finished totally in one significant operation. 11．Which of the following words can be used to describe Professor Li? A．Caring and considerate. B．Honest and energetic. C．Humble and passionate. D．Selfless and ambitious. 12．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Mother of an African Girl. B．A Heart-warming Reunion. C．The Striking Nasal Operation. D．Contributions of Chinese Medical Teams. Passage 4 (23-24高一下·浙江金华·期末) Ellie Hamby, a documentary photographer, and Sandy Haze lip, a physician and lecturer, toured the world in 80 days, adventuring from the beaches of Bali to the deserts of Egypt. The aged grandmothers started their ambitious adventure on January 11, according to the blog the two have used to document their travels. Their first stop was a location that escapes even many seasoned travelers: Antarctica. Getting to the southernmost continent first required crossing the Drake Passage, the known rough waters between the southern tip of South America and Antarctica’s South Shetland Islands. “For almost two days, we were a rocking and rolling and a slipping and sliding through the Drake Passage and we were holding on for dear life,” Hamby said in an interview with CNN. “It was just wild.” “But when we stepped foot on the ground on the Antarctic, you forgot all of that,” she recalled. “The beauty of the Antarctic is just unbelievable to see the penguins and the icebergs and the glacier — just, this was amazing.” Since that first adventure, the pair have visited 18 countries across all seven continents, often dressed in matching T-shirts. They’ve also accumulated (积累) a loving social media following who track the “traveling grannies” on TikTok, Instagram, and Facebook. Hazelip told CNN that she met Hamby after her husband died in 1999. The two bonded over their shared interest in travel and commitment to prioritizing unique experiences over comfort while abroad. Both became closer after Hamby’s husband died in 2005. Hazelip says the idea for their trip originated a few years before they were each set to turn 80. “I just got the idea because we had traveled previously together internationally,” she said. “And so about four years before we were going to turn 80, I mentioned to her one day, ‘Ellie, wouldn’t it be fun to go around the world in 80 days at age 80?’” 13．What can we know about Hazelip and Hamby according to the passage? A．They started their adventure from Bali. B．They recorded their travels on the Internet. C．They have known each other since their youth. D．They long to travel to all seven continents one day. 14．Which of the following best describes their journey to Antarctica? A．Fruitless. B．Light-hearted. C．Well-planned. D．Risky. 15．What contributes to Hazelip and Hamby’s close relationship? A．Shared love for travelling. B．The same family background. C．Similar working experiences. D．Common interest in social media. 16．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To call on readers to travel around the world. B．To recommend Antarctica as a great tourist destination. C．To emphasize the importance of a companion during a trip. D．To share a story about an aged couple’s traveling experience. 主题01 人与社会——社会，文化与科技 Passage 1 (24-25高一下·浙江杭州上城区等5地·期末) Carmakers have made great advances in safety over the last 20 years. At the forefront of these advances are digital technologies that can keep a car in its lane (车道), stop to avoid a crash by itself, and even call for help in an emergency. But unfortunately, these carmakers are going too far concerning the rising dependence on touch screens inside cars. In the beginning, touch screens were a practical way to put satellite, GPS-guided directions, and other useful entertainment functions together into cars while the main controls (控制装置) for driving were left largely unchanged. But designers couldn’t just leave them alone. Now, touch screens, which require a hand and concentration to use, have taken over many functions, even basic driving tasks like turning on headlights and checking the car’s speed, stealing drivers’ attention. Distracted (分心的) driving has become a big problem. According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, accidents caused by distracted driving in 2022 led to 3,308 traffic deaths. Thousands more drivers have their cars damaged or destroyed by those who just can’t keep their eyes off their screens. Besides, the overdependence on touch screens presents a usability issue, too. If any part of a driver’s hand accidentally touches the screen, it’s likely to activate some feature, and not necessarily the wanted one. Quickly disappearing are the days when physical buttons enable drivers to turn down the radio or turn on the headlights simply by feel, without taking their eyes off the road. Instead, they must divide their attention between the road and the screen, which is dangerous. I’m not opposed to technological upgrades in general. But when I have to focus on what’s inside the car instead of on what’s happening in front of it, it’s gone too far. So give me back my physical buttons that I can control only by feel, and let me keep my eyes on the road where they belong. 1．What’s the first paragraph mainly about? A．Complaints from some carmakers. B．Celebration of technological advances. C．Importance of digital technologies in cars. D．A concerning problem with an in-car technology. 2．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Driving tasks. B．Basic driving tasks. C．Main controls for driving. D．Useful entertainment functions. 3．What is included in paragraph 3? A．Rules. B．Effects. C．Solutions. D．Reasons. 4．What’s the writer’s attitude toward in-car touch screen technology? A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Satisfied. D．Unconcerned. Passage 2 (23-24高一下·浙江温州平阳县万全综合高级中学·期末) There is a saying about the south-western Chinese province of Guizhou: “Not three feet of flat land, not three days without rain, not a family with three silver coins.” But,with the help of a spicy sauce, Tao Huabi, also known as “China’s hottest woman”, has well and truly opposed this rule. Born in 1947, the eighth daughter of a poor family in a village of mountainous Guizhou, Tao did not go to school and did not learn to read or write. She spent her childhood hungry,and survived the Great Chinese Famine by eating plant roots,according to a biography on Weibo. When her husband died, she moved to the city of Guiyang and started selling noodles with a sauce that she made herself, She eventually opened the charmingly named Economical Restaurant in the 1990s. When a new highway brought truck drivers to Guiyang, she gave them free jars of the sauce and they spread the word.In 1996, she set a factory up in a house in Guiyang, and a year later Lao Gan Ma Special Flavour Foodstuffs Company was born. Miranda Brown, professor of Chinese studies at the University of Michigan, who is writing a book on the history of Chinese food, says that in China, Lao Gan Ma’s popularity is mainly because her products are natural. Chinese consumers tend to want foods that perfectly mix regional flavors and use ingredients grown from the soil of those regions. And today Lao Gan Ma is also increasingly popular overseas, especially in the US. According to its website, the company produces 1.3 million bottles daily, helping the historically poor Guizhou achieve 10. 5% growth—the second fastest of every Chinese province that year, and ahead of the national rate of 6.7%. As for the godmother herself, an article in Yicai Global describes her as the Queen of a “red kingdom” of chili fields. 5．Why is the saying mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic of the passage. B．To serve as background information. C．To attract the interest of the readers. D．To describe the present Guizhou. 6．What does the second paragraph focus on? A．Tao’s growth process. B．Tao’s living conditions. C．The hardships faced by Tao. D．The development of the company. 7．According to Miranda Brown, what is the reason for Lao Gan Ma’s popularity? A．Low price. B．Spicy taste. C．Local ingredients. D．Positive comments. 8．What can we learn from Tao’s story? A．God helps those who help themselves. B．Failure is the mother of success. C．Well begun, half done. D．Many hands make light work. Passage 3 (23-24高一下·浙江丽水·期末) Thomas Taylor’s original watercolor illustration for the first edition of “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone” published by Bloomsbury in 1997 is scheduled to be auctioned (拍卖) for June 26 in New York. The artwork is expected to bring in between $400,000 to $600,000, setting a record for any Harry Potter-related material ever offered at auction. Illustrator Thomas Taylor was a 23-year-old recent art school graduate when he was hired by Bloomsbury to make a cover illustration for a fantasy children’s book by then-unknown author J.K. Rowling. It was Taylor’s first professional task, and he recalled being directed by Bloomsbury’s editor to depict the scene — Harry approaching the Hogwarts Express at King’s Cross Station. Despite having limited freedom for artistic expression, Taylor faithfully followed the instructions. Taylor had the unique opportunity to read Rowling’s early manuscript (手稿) on a train, making him one of the very first individuals to do so. The manuscript, only printed on one side, was missing Chapter 11, as the author was still making changes. Despite its incomplete state, Taylor found it to be a fascinating glimpse into the world of Harry Potter. Taylor revealed that he used the blank underside of each manuscript page for sketching. “And then I think I put the rest of it in the recycling bin,” he said.  “Of course now I really regret that.” But Taylor said at the beginning he had mixed feelings about this early, giant success. “Normally when you start out as an illustrator, you kind of hope that your first work will be a bit forgotten and then you’ll develop and get better and better,” Taylor told The Rowling Library. However, he said he’s finally made peace with it — in part because of how prized his Harry Potter book cover painting has become at auction. 9．What does the underlined word “depict”  in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Discover. B．Illustrate. C．Set. D．Imagine. 10．What can we learn about Thomas Taylor? A．He found the manuscript absorbing. B．He was famous when given the task. C．He used the book pages for sketching. D．He had complete freedom of creation. 11．How did Taylor originally feel about his early success? A．Joyful but uncertain. B．Cheerful and excited. C．Anxious but grateful. D．Satisfied and confident. 12．What might be the best title for the passage? A．Thomas Taylor’s Magic Illustrations B．An Auction of Harry Potter Illustrations C．The Fascinating Manuscript of Harry Potter D．Thomas Taylor: Harry Potter’s First Illustrator Passage 4 (23-24高一下·浙江嘉兴·期末) If we are to believe some of the upsetting headlines about Al, barely anyone’s job is safe. 32% of UK employees think AI could make their roles unnecessary, according to a research in 2023. Yet the same research found that 28% of workers believe AI could make their jobs easier. Meanwhile, many technologists claim that GenAI tools such as ChatGPT are more likely to help workers than replace them. And so different industries are exploring it. International law firm Cleary Gottliebfor, for instance, uses GenAI to scan its databases and create a summary of its lawyers’ relevant experience before meetings with a new client (客户). However, the firm says that the document produced by the AI won’t be ready to send immediately. However, without carefully assessing (评估) its possible side effects beforehand, companies that adopt (采用) a new AI tool risk distancing employees or even making their lives more difficult. Firms should therefore identify whether the tech they’re interested in is likely to be a net benefit or not, according to Peter, assistant professor of AI at Leiden University. Actually, there are several other disadvantages that firms seeking to adopt it must avoid. In a banking conference, for instance, 15CIOs had all been keen to realize the huge productivity gains promised by GenAI. Three months later, these IT chiefs “hit a wall” when trust issues concerning data privacy and security arose. They were worried that the data they had been putting into the tools would make its way into their competitors’ banks. Dylan Morley, lead principal engineer at Asos, reports that measuring the impact of such tools is a topic of “great discussion” across the industry. But he adds that this is a more complex matter than simply adopting a tool and waiting for, say, a 10% efficiency gain. She argues that firms could be focusing on areas such as managing time spent in meetings, other than adopting AI tools if improving efficiency is indeed their main goal. 13．Why does the author list numbers in paragraph 1? A．To explain the upsetting fact about AI. B．To introduce technologists’ views on AI. C．To prove the value of the research on AI. D．To show different people’s ideas about AI. 14．What can we learn from the example of Cleary Gottliebfor? A．The law firm lacks confidence in AI. B．The Al can’t summarize lawyers’ experience. C．The document produced by AI is of poor quality. D．Further steps are needed before the document is used. 15．What does paragraph 3 focus on? A．The potential risks of AI. B．The way to assess Al’s effects. C．The ongoing application of AI. D．The difficulties employees face. 16．What can we infer from Dylan Morley’s opinion? A．Firms should not use AI tools. B．AI is not the only way to gain efficiency. C．AI is a more complex tool than we think. D．It’s necessary to measure the impact of AI. 【答案】【来源】浙江省嘉兴市2023-2024学年高一下学期6月期末考试英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能（AI）在不同行业中的应用、其潜在影响以及公司应该如何评估和管理这些影响。 13．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If we are to believe some of the upsetting headlines about Al, barely anyone’s job is safe. 32% of UK employees think AI could make their roles unnecessary, according to a research in 2023. Yet the same research found that 28% of workers believe AI could make their jobs easier.(如果我们相信一些关于人工智能的令人不安的头条新闻，那么几乎没有人的工作是安全的。根据2023年的一项研究，32%的英国员工认为人工智能可能会使他们的角色变得不必要。然而，同样的研究发现，28%的员工认为人工智能可以让他们的工作更轻松。)”可知，作者在第一段中通过列出具体的数字，如32%的英国员工认为人工智能可能会使他们的角色变得不必要、28%的员工认为人工智能可以让他们的工作更轻松，是为了展示不同人对AI的不同看法。故选D。 14．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“And so different industries are exploring it. International law firm Cleary Gottliebfor, for instance, uses GenAI to scan its databases and create a summary of its lawyers’ relevant experience before meetings with a new client (客户). However, the firm says that the document produced by the AI won’t be ready to send immediately.(所以不同的行业都在探索它。例如，国际律师事务所Cleary Gottliebfor使用GenAI扫描其数据库，并在与新客户会面之前创建其律师的相关经验摘要。然而，该公司表示，人工智能生成的文件不会立即准备好发送。)”可知，虽然该公司使用了AI工具来扫描数据库并生成律师的相关经验摘要，但这个由AI生成的文档不会立即准备好发送。这意味着在使用这个文档之前，还需要进行进一步的步骤或检查。因此，我们可以从这个例子中了解到，在使用AI生成的文档之前需要进一步的步骤。故选D。 15．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“However, without carefully assessing (评估) its possible side effects beforehand, companies that adopt(采用)a new AI tool risk distancing employees or even making their lives more difficult.(然而，在没有事先仔细评估可能产生的副作用的情况下，企业采用新的人工智能工具可能会疏远员工，甚至使他们的生活变得更加困难。)”以及全段内容可知，本段主要讲述了AI的潜在风险，即如果不进行仔细评估，公司可能会面临员工疏远或生活困难的风险。接着，该段还提到了公司应该确定他们感兴趣的技术是否可能带来净效益，这也与评估AI的潜在风险有关。故选A。 16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Dylan Morley, lead principal engineer at Asos, reports that measuring the impact of such tools is a topic of “great discussion” across the industry. But he adds that this is a more complex matter than simply adopting a tool and waiting for, say, a 10% efficiency gain. She argues that firms could be focusing on areas such as managing time spent in meetings, other than adopting AI tools if improving efficiency is indeed their main goal.(Asos首席工程师Dylan Morley报告说，衡量这些工具的影响是整个行业“热烈讨论”的话题。但他补充说，这比简单地采用一种工具并等待效率提高10%要复杂得多。她认为，如果企业的主要目标确实是提高效率，那么它们可以把重点放在管理会议时间等领域，而不是采用人工智能工具。)”可知，Dylan Morley提到，如果提高效率确实是公司的主要目标，那么公司应该关注的领域不仅仅是采用AI工具，还可以是其他领域，比如管理会议时间。这暗示了AI并不是提高效率的唯一方法，公司有其他多种选择可以考虑。故选B。 主题02 人与自然——环境和动物 Passage 1 (23-24高一下·浙江温州平阳县万全综合高级中学·期末) To some, a cow’s burp (打嗝) might seem like a small thing. But in New Zealand, there are more cows than people. There are only five million people in New Zealand, which is home to 10 million cows. Cows do not easily digest the grass they eat-instead, they ferment (发酵) it in their stomachs. The process releases a lot of gas. So, every time someone eats beef or drinks milk, the process comes at a high cost to the environment. The cows produce methane (甲烷) gas, which has a much stronger effect on global warming. The scientists in New Zealand are working on ways to reduce the amount of gas that comes out of the cows. They are considering changing the food the animals eat or putting a device on the cow to change the methane into something innocuous. There is also talk of feeding the cows a kind of special red seaweed or giving them a food addition that would help them digest the grass. In addition, farmers want a solution. That is because New Zealand has announced plans to tax farmers whose animals produce too much methane gas. The farmers say they will be affected if the tax plan go into effect. A farmer running a farm in the town of Featherston, in the Wellington Region, is trying to get more milk from each cow. The increased efficiency means he does not need as many cows, which in turn reduces the amount of methane coming from his farm. At a farmer level, he is doing his bit to help save the planet. The fight against methane is serious in New Zealand. The county promised to reduce the gas produced by farm animals by up to 47 percent by the year 2050. 1．Why does cows’ burping become a problem in New Zealand? A．New Zealanders prefer milk. B．The number of the cows is too large. C．The cows consume much grass. D．The cows have the digestive problem. 2．What does the underlined word “innocuous” mean in paragraph3? A．Rare. B．Poisonous. C．Harmless. D．Inexpensive. 3．Why do cow farmers want a solution? A．They will raise fewer cows. B．They are affected by the warm climate. C．They can’t increase milking efficiency. D．They will face a heavier financial burden. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Climate Change: Cow Raising Is to Blame B．Methane Gas: The Fight Against It Is Serious C．Global Warming: New Zealand Targets Cow Burps D．Cow Burping: Scientists Look for Some Ways to Stop It Passage 2 (23-24高一下·浙江宁波奉化区·期末) Australia officially listed koalas across its eastern coast as “endangered” on Friday. Conservationists (自然环境保护者) said koala populations had crashed in much of eastern Australia over the past two decades, warning that they were now sliding towards extinction. The koala, a globally recognized symbol of Australia’s unique wildlife, had been listed as “vulnerable (易危)”  on the eastern coast just a decade earlier. “We are taking unprecedented (史无前例的) action to protect the koala,” the Minister of Environment, Sussan Ley said, highlighting a recent government promise of Aus$50 million to protect and recover koala habitats. Environmentalists welcomed the koalas’ new status (地位) but blamed Australia’s failure to protect the species so far. “Koalas have gone from no-listing to vulnerable to endangered within a decade. That is a shockingly fast decline,” said WWF-Australia conservation scientist Stuart Blanch. “Today’s decision is welcome, but it won’t stop koalas from sliding towards extinction unless it’s accompanied by stronger laws to protect their forest homes.” Alexia Wellbelove of the Humane Society International said east coast koalas could be extinct by 2050 if no action was taken. “We can’t afford any more clearing,” she said. “The extinction of koalas does not have to happen,” she added, “we must stop allowing their homes to be cleared for mines, new houses, agricultural projects and industrial logging (伐木).” Australia’s koalas had been living on a “knife edge” even before the “Black Summer” bushfires of 2019-2020 because of land-clearing, drought, disease, car strikes and dog attacks, said Josey Sharrad, wildlife campaign manager at the International Fund for Animal Welfare. “We should never have allowed things to get to the point where we are at risk of losing a national icon (象征),” Sharrad said, “The bushfires were the final straw. This must be a wake-up call to Australia and the government to move much faster to protect critical habitat from development and land-clearing, and seriously deal with the influences of climate change.” 5．What is the problem mentioned in Para 1? A．Koala populations have increased quickly. B．Koalas enjoy too much popularity in Australia. C．Koalas get crushed by other animals. D．Koalas are at risk of extinction. 6．Why did environmentalists welcome the koala’s new status? A．This would stop koalas from extinction. B．They could blame the government’s failure. C．This could lead to stronger action to protect koalas. D．They may have time to recover koala habitats. 7．How does the author prove his idea? A．By making a comparison. B．By analyzing figures. C．By doing a survey. D．By quoting environmentalists’ words. 8．What’s the purpose of this text? A．To call on people to protect Koala. B．To show the causes of Koalas’ disappearance. C．To show Koalas’ important statue. D．To present environmentalists’ words. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $