暑假衔接第9讲 Unit 3 Same or Different（词汇与语法）（讲义）-2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

新八年级英语暑假衔接讲义 （人教2024版） ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 第9讲 八上 Unit 3 Same or Different?（词汇与语法） 适用年级：新八年级（七升八） 教材版本：人教2024版 内容说明：学习形容词比较级及as+adj+as的用法，描述人物异同 一、重点词汇梳理 1. 描述人物性格的形容词 英文 中文 outgoing 外向的 serious 严肃的 funny 有趣的；滑稽的 quiet 安静的 loud 响亮的；大声的 hard-working 勤奋的 smart 聪明的 friendly 友好的 2. 描述人物外貌的词汇 英文 中文 tall 高的 short 矮的 thin 瘦的 heavy 重的；胖的 long hair 长发 short hair 短发 curly hair 卷发 straight hair 直发 3. 比较相关词汇 英文 中文 better 更好的 worse 更糟的 more 更多的 less 更少的 than 比 both 两者都 【易错点拨】good→better（更好），bad→worse（更差），属于不规则变化，不能加-er。 【易错点拨】重读闭音节形容词变比较级要双写末尾辅音再加-er：big→bigger, hot→hotter, thin→thinner。 【易错点拨】以辅音+y结尾的形容词变比较级改y为i再加-er：funny→funnier, heavy→heavier, happy→happier。 【易错点拨】多音节形容词（如outgoing, hard-working, interesting）变比较级在前面加more，不能加-er。 二、重点短语归纳 短语 含义 说明 as...as 和……一样 中间用形容词/副词原级 not as/so...as 不如…… not as/so tall as 不如……高 the same as 和……相同 反义：different from different from 与……不同 be different from 与……不同 both of ……两者都 Both of them are students. have...in common 有共同之处 We have a lot in common. be good at 擅长 = do well in be talented in 在……方面有天赋 be talented in music care about 关心；在意 care about others 关心他人 make friends 交朋友 make friends with sb. in fact 事实上 = actually more than 多于 反义：less than less than 少于 less than 5 dollars be similar to 与……相似 be similar to each other 三、语法精讲 1. 形容词比较级 形容词比较级用于两者之间的比较，结构为"A + be + 比较级 + than + B"，表示"A比B更……"。 规则 构成方法 示例 一般情况 直接加-er tall→taller, short→shorter 以e结尾 直接加-r nice→nicer, large→larger 辅音+y结尾 改y为i加-er funny→funnier, heavy→heavier 重读闭音节 双写末尾辅音加-er big→bigger, hot→hotter, thin→thinner 多音节/部分双音节 前加more outgoing→more outgoing, serious→more serious 不规则变化 特殊记忆 good/well→better, bad/badly→worse, many/much→more, little→less 2. as + adj./adv. + as 结构 (1) 肯定句：A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B，表示"A和B一样……"。 例句：Tom is as tall as Jerry. (Tom和Jerry一样高。) (2) 否定句：A + be + not + as/so + 形容词原级 + as + B，表示"A不如B……"。 例句：Tom is not as tall as Jerry. (Tom不如Jerry高。) 【注意】as...as中间必须用形容词或副词原级，不能用比较级。否定句中可以用not as...as或not so...as。 3. both vs all 与比较级修饰语 (1) both（两者都）：Both of them are outgoing. / They are both outgoing. (2) all（三者及以上都）：All of the students are hard-working. (3) 比较级修饰语：可以用much, a lot, a little, even等词修饰比较级，表示程度。 例句：She is much taller than me.（她比我高得多。） 例句：He is a little quieter than his brother.（他比他哥哥安静一点点。） 【注意】very不能修饰比较级，不能说very taller，但可以说much taller。 四、典型例题 1. Tom is ______ than Jerry. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. more tall 【答案】B 【解析】两者比较用比较级，tall是单音节词，加-er变为taller。B正确。 2. She is ______ outgoing ______ her sister. They are both quite shy. A. as; as B. as; than C. more; as D. so; than 【答案】A 【解析】as...as中间用形容词原级，表示"和……一样"。根据句意两人都害羞，所以是一样外向。A正确。 3. Both of my parents ______ teachers. A. is B. am C. are D. be 【答案】C 【解析】both of + 复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。C正确。 4. This box is ______ than that one. A. much heavy B. much heavier C. more heavier D. very heavier 【答案】B 【解析】much可以修饰比较级表示程度，heavy变比较级是heavier（改y为i加-er）。B正确。 5. My hair is not as long ______ yours. A. as B. than C. so D. to 【答案】A 【解析】not as...as是固定结构，表示"不如……"。否定句中也可用not so...as，但选项中没有so和as组合。A正确。 五、基础练习 （一）根据句意及首字母或汉语提示写出单词。 1. She is very o______（外向的）and likes making friends. 2. My brother is t______（更高的）than me. 3. He is a h______（勤奋的）student and studies very hard. 4. She has s______（直的）hair, not curly. 5. This book is b______（更好的）than that one. （二）用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Tom is ______ (tall) than Jerry. 2. She is much ______ (outgoing) than her sister. 3. This book is ______ (good) than that one. 4. He is ______ (funny) than his brother. 5. My hair is ______ (long) than yours. （三）单项选择。 1. She is ______ than her sister. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. more tall 2. Tom is ______ as Jim. A. as tall B. as taller C. so tall D. so taller 3. Both of them ______ hard-working. A. is B. am C. are D. be 4. He is ______ more outgoing than me. A. many B. much C. little D. few 5. This book isn't ______ interesting ______ that one. A. as; as B. so; than C. more; as D. as; than （四）句型转换。 1. Tom is tall. Jerry is taller.（合并为一句） Jerry is ______ ______ Tom. 2. She is more outgoing than her sister.（改为否定句） She ______ ______ outgoing than her sister. 3. Tom is as tall as Jerry.（改为否定句） Tom is ______ as tall ______ Jerry. 4. Both of them are friendly.（改为同义句） They ______ ______ friendly. 5. My book is good. Her book is better.（合并为一句） Her book is ______ ______ mine. 六、提高练习 （一）补全对话。 根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的句子补全对话，其中有一项是多余的。 A: Hi, Jenny! Who is your best friend? B: My best friend is Emma. A: (1) ______ B: She is tall and thin. She has long straight hair. A: (2) ______ B: She is more outgoing than me. I'm a little quieter. A: (3) ______ B: Yes, we are both hard-working. Both of us like reading. A: (4) ______ B: She is better at sports than me. She runs faster. A: (5) ______ B: I think a good friend is like a mirror. A. What does she look like? B. What is she like? C. Do you have anything in common? D. Is she different from you? E. Does she like sports? F. That's a good point. （二）阅读理解。 阅读下文，根据短文内容判断正（T）误（F）。 My name is Sarah. I have a best friend named Lisa. We are in the same class. I am tall and thin, but Lisa is shorter and a little heavier than me. I have long straight hair, and she has short curly hair. We are different in personality, too. I am quiet and serious, but Lisa is more outgoing and funnier than me. She likes to talk and make friends. However, we also have something in common. We are both hard-working students. We both like music and sports. Lisa is better at singing than me, but I am better at playing the guitar. We often help each other. A good friend is like a mirror. （ ）1. Sarah and Lisa are in the same class. （ ）2. Lisa is taller and thinner than Sarah. （ ）3. Sarah is more outgoing than Lisa. （ ）4. Both Sarah and Lisa like music and sports. （ ）5. Sarah is better at singing than Lisa. （三）写作。 My Friend and I 以"My Friend and I"为题写一篇短文，介绍你和你的好朋友之间的异同。至少写6句话，要求使用比较级结构。 _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 参考答案 五、基础练习 （一）. 1. outgoing 2. taller 3. hard-working 4. straight 5. better （二）. 1. taller（taller是tall的比较级） 2. more outgoing（多音节比较级加more） 3. better（good不规则变化） 4. funnier（改y为i加-er） 5. longer（直接加-er） （三）. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A （四）. 1. taller than 2. isn't more 3. not; as 4. are both 5. better than 六、提高练习 （一）. 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. F（E为多余项） （二）. 1. T 2. F（Lisa更矮更胖） 3. F（Sarah更安静） 4. T 5. F（Sarah更会弹吉他而非唱歌） （三）. 略。参考范文： My name is Tom. I have a good friend named Jack. We are in the same class. I am tall and thin, but Jack is shorter and stronger than me. I have short straight hair, and he has short curly hair. In personality, I am quieter than Jack. He is more outgoing and funnier than me. He likes to make friends and talk a lot. However, we have a lot in common. We are both hard-working students. We both like playing basketball. Jack is better at basketball than me, but I am better at English than him. We help each other and learn from each other. I think a good friend is like a mirror. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $