暑假衔接第7讲 八年级上 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home（词汇与语法）（讲义）-2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

新八年级英语暑假衔接讲义 （人教2024版） ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 第7讲 八上 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home（词汇与语法） 适用年级：新八年级（七升八） 教材版本：人教2024版 内容说明：学习家务劳动词汇、could表达请求及make/let的用法 一、重点词汇梳理 家务劳动词汇（一） 英文 中文 do the dishes 洗碗 sweep the floor 扫地 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 make the bed 整理床铺 fold the clothes 叠衣服 clean the living room 打扫客厅 do the laundry 洗衣服 wash the car 洗车 家务劳动词汇（二） 英文 中文 cook dinner 做晚饭 set the table 摆放餐具 water the plants 给植物浇水 take care of the pet 照顾宠物 tidy the room 整理房间 dust the furniture 擦拭家具 mop the floor 拖地 vacuum the carpet 用吸尘器吸地毯 描述性形容词 英文 中文 polite 有礼貌的 impolite 无礼的 fair 公平的 unfair 不公平的 independent 独立的 responsible 负责任的 【易错点拨】could在表示请求时不是过去时，而是礼貌用法。Could you please...? 比 Can you...? 更礼貌、更委婉。 【易错点拨】make和let后接动词原形（make sb do sth / let sb do sth），不要加to。被动语态中make要恢复to：be made to do sth。 【易错点拨】take out的宾语如果是名词，放在out前后均可（take out the rubbish = take the rubbish out）；如果是代词，只能放在中间（take it out）。 二、重点短语归纳 短语 含义 说明 do the dishes 洗碗 洗餐具，dish常用复数 sweep the floor 扫地 sweep→swept（过去式不规则） take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 代词作宾语放中间：take it out make the bed 整理床铺 make one's bed整理某人的床 fold the clothes 叠衣服 fold是及物动词，clothes用复数 clean the room 打扫房间 clean也可作形容词，意为"干净的" help out 帮忙（做家务） help out with sth帮忙做某事 have to 不得不 三单用has to；否定用don't have to could you please... 请你……好吗？ 后接动词原形，比can更礼貌 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 被动结构：be made to do sth let sb do sth 允许某人做某事 let后接动词原形，不加to take care of 照顾；负责 = look after tidy up 整理；收拾 tidy→tidier（比较级） wash the car 洗车 wash也可作名词：have a wash 三、语法精讲 1. 情态动词Could表达请求 用Could you please...? 提出礼貌请求，比Can you...? 更委婉、客气。否定形式为Could you please not...? 类型 结构 例句 肯定请求 Could you please + 动词原形? Could you please sweep the floor? 否定请求 Could you please not + 动词原形? Could you please not make noise? 肯定回答 Sure. / Of course. / Certainly. — Could you help me? — Sure. 否定回答 Sorry, I can't. I have to... — Could you clean the room? — Sorry, I can't. I have to... 【注意】对Could you please...? 的肯定回答不用Yes, I could，而用Sure / Of course / Certainly。否定回答通常给出理由。 2. Make和Let的用法 make和let都是使役动词，后接省略to的动词不定式。make有"迫使"的含义，let表示"允许"。 结构 含义 例句 make sb do sth 让/迫使某人做某事 My mom makes me clean my room. make sb not do sth 让某人不做某事 My dad makes me not play games too long. let sb do sth 允许某人做某事 My parents let me watch TV on weekends. don't let sb do sth 不允许某人做某事 My parents don't let me stay up late. 【注意】make用于被动语态时，不定式符号to要恢复：I am made to clean my room every day. 3. Have to与Can的对比 have to表示"不得不"（客观需要），can表示"可以"（允许）。两者常结合使用，表达先后的义务和许可关系。 情态动词 含义 例句 have to 不得不（客观要求） I have to finish my homework first. don't have to 不必（没有义务） You don't have to wash the car today. can 可以（获得允许） You can watch TV after dinner. can't 不可以（不被允许） You can't go out before finishing chores. 【注意】have to有人称和时态变化（has to / had to），而can只有can/could两种形式。 四、典型例题 1. — Could you please help me with the dishes? — ______. A. Yes, I could B. Sure, Mom C. Sorry, I could D. No, I can 【答案】B 【解析】对Could you please...? 的肯定回答常用Sure / Of course / Certainly，不用Yes, I could。B正确。 2. My dad makes me ______ the car every Sunday. A. wash B. to wash C. washing D. washes 【答案】A 【解析】make sb do sth，make后接省略to的动词不定式（动词原形）。A正确。 3. — Could you please not ______ the floor? I just mopped it. — Oh, sorry. A. sweep B. to sweep C. sweeping D. swept 【答案】A 【解析】否定请求用Could you please not + 动词原形。A正确。 4. I ______ do my homework before I can watch TV. A. can B. have to C. could D. may 【答案】B 【解析】先做作业才能看电视，表示客观必须，用have to。B正确。 5. My parents don't let me ______ out late on school nights. A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed 【答案】A 【解析】let sb do sth，let后接动词原形。否定式don't let sb do sth同样用动词原形。A正确。 五、基础练习 （一）根据首字母或中文提示写出单词。 1. Could you please s______ the floor? It's very dirty. 2. Please take out the r______ after dinner. 3. My mother makes me f______ the clothes every weekend. 4. Don't be l______. Be a helpful child! 5. It's f______ for everyone to share the housework at home. （二）用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Could you please ______ (sweep) the floor? 2. My mom makes me ______ (clean) my room every Saturday. 3. My parents let me ______ (watch) TV on weekends. 4. I have to ______ (do) the dishes after dinner every day. 5. Could you please not ______ (make) noise here? （三）单项选择。 1. — Could you please help me? — ______. A. Yes, I could B. Sure C. Sorry, I could D. No, I can 2. My mother makes me ______ my room every weekend. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleans 3. You ______ finish your homework before playing computer games. A. can B. have to C. could D. may 4. My parents let me ______ my friends on weekends. A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visits 5. It's ______ for children to help with housework at home. A. impolite B. unfair C. important D. lazy （四）句型转换。 1. Could you please help me?（做肯定回答） ______, ______. 2. My mom makes me do the dishes.（改为否定句） My mom ______ ______ me do the dishes. 3. I have to finish my homework first.（改为一般疑问句） ______ you ______ to finish your homework first? 4. Could you please open the window?（改为否定句） Could you please ______ ______ the window? 5. My parents let me watch TV after dinner.（改为否定句） My parents ______ ______ me watch TV after dinner. 六、提高练习 （一）补全对话。 根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的句子补全对话，其中有一项是多余的。 Tom: Mum, could you please help me with my maths homework? Mum: Sorry, I'm cooking dinner now. (1) ______ Tom: Sure. I'll do it right away. Mum: (2) ______ The floor is very dirty. Tom: OK. And could you please not ask me to do too many things? Mum: All right. (3) ______ Then you can take a break. Tom: Thanks, Mum. (4) ______ Mum: Of course, you can. But you have to finish your homework first. Tom: (5) ______ I'll do my best. A. Could you please sweep the floor too? B. Could you please tidy your room first? C. Could you let me watch TV after that? D. OK, Mum. E. Just tidy your room and sweep the floor. F. I'm busy too. （二）阅读理解。 阅读下文，根据短文内容判断正（T）误（F）。 Hi, I'm Li Hua. I'm 13 years old. I often help my parents with housework at home. I think it's important for children to help out. On weekdays, I have to do my homework first after school. But I can still do small chores like watering the plants or taking care of our dog. On weekends, I do more housework. In the morning, I make my bed and sweep the floor. After breakfast, I do the dishes. My mom makes me clean my room every Sunday. She says a tidy room is good for study. My dad lets me watch TV after I finish all my chores. Sometimes he lets me play basketball with my friends too. I think it's fair to share the housework because everyone in the family should help. Being a helpful child makes my parents happy. （ ）1. Li Hua thinks it's important for children to help with housework. （ ）2. On weekdays, Li Hua can do small chores after finishing his homework. （ ）3. Li Hua does the dishes before breakfast on weekends. （ ）4. Li Hua's mom makes him clean his room every Saturday. （ ）5. Li Hua thinks sharing the housework is fair. （三）写作。 Helping at Home 要求：以Helping at Home为题写一篇短文，介绍你在家做家务的情况。至少6句话，要求使用could、make和let等本讲所学的词汇和句型。 _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 参考答案 五、基础练习 （一）. 1. sweep（sweep the floor扫地） 2. rubbish（take out the rubbish倒垃圾） 3. fold（fold the clothes叠衣服） 4. lazy（lazy懒惰的） 5. fair（fair公平的；share the housework分担家务） （二）. 1. sweep（Could you please + 动词原形） 2. clean（make sb do sth） 3. watch（let sb do sth） 4. do（have to + 动词原形） 5. make（Could you please not + 动词原形） （三）. 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C （四）. 1. Sure; I'd love to（或 Of course; I can） 2. doesn't make 3. Do; have 4. not open 5. don't let 六、提高练习 （一）. 1. B 2. A 3. E 4. C 5. D（F为多余项） （二）. 1. T（文中说'I think it's important for children to help out'） 2. T（文中说'I can still do small chores...'） 3. F（文中说'After breakfast, I do the dishes'） 4. F（文中说'every Sunday'，不是Saturday） 5. T（文中说'I think it's fair to share the housework'） （三）. 略。参考范文： Helping at Home I am a helpful child at home. After school, I have to do my homework first. Then I can help my parents with housework. I often sweep the floor and do the dishes. Could you please help me? My mum asks me sometimes. She makes me tidy my room every weekend. My dad lets me watch TV after I finish my chores. I think it is fair to share the housework. Everyone in the family should help out. I am happy to help at home. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $