专题01 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，安徽专用）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 精选安徽多地高二期末说明文阅读真题，涵盖AI技术、脑科学、珊瑚保护、茶文化等鲜活主题，设题从词汇理解到推理判断，梯度清晰。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|15篇/60题|词义猜测（如“nominated”）、细节理解（Manus功能）、推理判断（冰架盐浓度）、主旨大意（文章标题）|素材融合科技前沿与文化传承，问题设计层层递进，适配高考说明文阅读命题趋势|

专题01 阅读理解（说明文） 答案版 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1：1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B Passage 2：1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B Passage 3：1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C Passage 4：1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C Passage 5：1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A Passage 6：1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1：1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B Passage 2：1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C Passage 3：1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C Passage 4：1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 主题01 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1：1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D Passage 2：1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D Passage 3：1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1：1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D Passage 2：1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C Passage 3：1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B Passage 4：1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B Passage 5：1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·合肥六校联盟·期末） Many of us have heard of or seen My Fair Lady (1964), a classic movie starring British actress Audrey Hepburn. The film is an adaptation of Pygmalion, a comic play by the Irishman George Bernard Shaw(1856-1950). However, the musical version of My Fair Lady is even older, and has been entertaining audiences since 1956. In fact, a new Broadway version of the musical was nominated for 10 Tony awards. The story of Eliza Doolittle, a working-class flower seller from London, and the snobbish (势利的) Professor Higgins, who teaches her “proper English”, has never showed any signs of dying out since it was introduced. But why do people still line up around the block for tickets when a new production of the play is announced? The answer is simple: The musical has a wonderful story. Everyone can identify with Doolittle’s desire to live a more satisfying life; all she wants is to get rid of her accent so she can get a job in a store and not on the streets. However, it seems that people like Higgin s are always looking down on Doolittle for not being from a fancy family. Besides Doolittle’s background, the story and the songs in the music al are also what make it so popular. Audience members are moved when Eliza and her fellow flower sellers imagine what it’d be like to live as a rich person does. This is perfectly summed up in the lyric (歌词),“Wouldn’t it be lovely?” The musical also makes people think. It doesn’t make sense that one kind of accent can be considered good and another bad. Eliza and her father speak “badly” because they were born poor, while Higgins speaks “proper English” because he was born a “gentleman”. That reflects the unfairness of class divisions — a kind of unfairness that still sadly exists today. 1．The underlined word “nominated” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by _________. A．Appointed. B．Selected. C．Suggested. D．Directed. 2．Why do people like Broadway’s musical My Fair Lady? A．People can relate to Doolittle’s experiences. B．It’s considered the best adaptation of Pygmalion. C．It has won 10 Tony awards since its appearance. D．People have a good chance to learn proper English. 3．What message does My Fair Lady convey? A．People from poor families can hardly be successful. B．Women’s status has been greatly improved in the UK. C．Social class division is deeply rooted in British society. D．One’s language ability and manner are the key to success. 4．What can we know about the story of the musical? A．Higgins was described as a kindhearted man. B．Eliza was born poor but fought for a better life. C．Higgins and Eliza became friends after they first met. D．Eliza finally changed Higgins` prejudice against the poor. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·安徽蚌埠·期末） A new Chinese artificial intelligence agent, Manus, has rapidly caught the attention of the AI community with its ability to handle complex, real-world tasks. Developed by a low-profile team and backed by Chinese investors and developers, Manus is currently available as an invitation-only web preview. A demonstration video on its website shows its ability to create a personalized website through a step-by-step process. In 2025, China has been in a leading position in several AI breakthroughs. The launch of DeepSeek in January showed that China was able to produce functional Large Language Models (LLMs) for a small part of the cost of American industry leaders, and Manus shows that this kind of progress can be repeated. Manus’ website says it is focused on real-world complex tasks, giving the examples of designing a trip to Japan, providing an in-depth analysis of Tesla’s stock, creating interactive courses for middle school teachers, comparing different insurance policies, and assisting in business-to-business supplier sourcing. Manus also claims to outperform OpenAI’s Deep Research. Despite limited information about its business structure, team, and models, Manus has generated significant interest. The demonstration video, published on X, formerly Twitter, on Wednesday, gained over 200,000 views by Thursday. This significant rise in popularity is similar to the excitement that followed the launch of DeepSeek’s R1 reasoning model in January. General-purpose AI agents, capable of interacting with their environment, collecting data, and autonomously handling tasks to achieve predetermined goals, are widely regarded as the future of AI applications. According to the demo, Manus can autonomously browse websites, make use of various capabilities, and display its workflow in real time. The developers describe it as “a general AI agent that bridges minds and actions: it doesn’t just think, it delivers results.” The demo video is hosted by Ji Yichao, a 33-year-old Chinese tech enthusiast known for creating the mobile browser Mammoth and founding Peak Labs in the U. S. In the demonstration, presenter Ji Yichao said: “This isn’t just another chatbot or workflow. It’s a truly autonomous agent that bridges the gap between initial ideas and actual actions. While other AI s stop at generating ideas, Manus delivers results.” 1．What distinguishes Manus from other existing AIs according to the text? A．Its ability to generate creative ideas instantly. B．Its wide availability to the general public without restrictions. C．Its unique capacity to autonomously turn ideas into practical results. D．Its lower expense of development compared to American AI products. 2．How does the author prove Manus’ capability? A．By listing examples. B．By defining terms. C．By comparing data. D．By quoting experts. 3．What is the key to Manus’ success? A．Government funding. B．The proper Marketing strategy. C．Frequent software updates. D．Integration of multiple models capacities. 4．What can be inferred about Manus from the last paragraph? A．It is a common chatbot with basic functions. B．It is a breakthrough in AI agent technology. C．It is a bridge that connects China and the USA． D．It is a model agent that affects only the generations of ideas. Passage 3 （23-24高二下·阜阳一中·期末） The earliest discovered cave paintings date back to the Upper Paleolithic (旧石器时代晚期) period. We might expect that they would be simply made, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a high degree of skill. So do the cave paintings in southern Africa. Some of those appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as that in Europe. The early Australians may have painted on the walls of rock shelters at least 30,000 years ago. The researchers identified three principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: in obviously inhabited (有人居住的) rock shelters and cave entrances; in galleries near the inhabited areas of caves, and in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been considered as a sign that magical religious activities were performed there. The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no decoration. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that was their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely found in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in south western France is more clearly revealed by the results of a study. The data suggest that the animals in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat. For example, wild cattle and horses are found more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier meatier (多肉的) than other animals in the environment. In addition, in the paintings there are mostly animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as horns. That is, mammoths (猛犸) were drawn more often than deer. 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Painting in Europe is not so old as that in southern Africa. B．The cave paintings in southern Africa reflect ancient people’s super skill. C．The early Australians drew cave paintings later than the early Europeans. D．Most of the cave paintings of Spain and southern France were simply drawn. 2．Where can we find galleries in western Europe? A．Close to the inhabited areas of caves. B．In the inner reaches of caves. C．In a place too far from caves. D．At cave entrances. 3．What does the third paragraph reveal about the cave paintings? A．The subjects mainly include plants and animals. B．Human figures are usually found in cave art. C．The paintings were drawn on bare walls. D．They were carefully and well decorated. 4．Which might NOT be the reason why mammoths were often drawn in the paintings? A．They were very fast. B．They were quite large. C．They were rather tasty. D．They had natural weapons. Passage 4 （24-25高二下·安徽大联考·期末） Trying to grasp the brain’s complexity is a little like trying to comprehend the vastness of space—it feels way beyond our range of understanding. Luckily, by mapping a small part of a mouse brain down to an amazing level of detail, new research could help us grasp a piece of the neurological cosmos (神经宇宙) inside our heads. Though the volume of brain matter analyzed was barely the size of a grain of sand, the researchers still had to describe the relationships between 84,000 neurons (神经元) via half a billion synapse (突触) connections and 5.4 kilometers of neural wiring. The incredible work took 9 years to complete from start to finish, and involved more than 150 researchers and 22 institutions along the way, including representatives from Princeton University, Baylor College of Medicine in Texas, and the Allen Institute for Brain Science in Seattle. What is unique about this data is that it took both the structure and the function into consideration within one experiment. That means scientists were able to see not just the layout of the wiring in the brain, but also the way those wires communicate and work. The mouse used in the study was shown videos while moving on a running machine, with the scientists monitoring its brain activity. The mouse’s brain was then divided into 28,000 separate layers (层). The team used a combination of AI techniques and human checks to unlock the network of neuronal wires, identify connections, and then put the knot together again. This wiring diagram of the brain is known as the connectome. “The connectome is the beginning of the digital transformation of brain science,” says H. Sebastian Seung from Princeton University. “It’s also a promising step forward in the study of brain diseases, including dementia (痴呆症). Digitizing some or all of the brain, and understanding exactly how it’s put together, means an improved understanding of how it can go wrong. The technologies developed by this project will give us our first chance to really identify some kind of abnormal pattern of connectivity that gives rise to a disorder.” 1．What do the figures in paragraph 2 stress? A．The importance of cooperation in scientific research. B．The differences between mouse and human brain structures. C．The advantage of AI over human researchers in brain mapping. D．The complexity of even a tiny part of the brain’s neural network. 2．What is the most remarkable achievement of the new research? A．It integrated structural and functional analysis. B．It monitored brain activity during physical exercise. C．It combined AI and human checks to analyze brain layers. D．It identified abnormal connectivity patterns in brain diseases. 3．What is Seung’s attitude towards the finding of the connectome? A．Doubtful. B．Mixed. C．Dismissive. D．Positive. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．AI’s Role in Modern Neuroscience B．The Development of Neural Network Research C．A Breakthrough in Linking Brain Structure and Function D．The Journey to Cure Dementia Through Connectome Research Passage 5 （24-25高二下·安徽大联考·期末） Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) first emerged in Florida in 2014. In the 11 years since, it has spread throughout the Caribbean, confirmed in at least 20 other countries and territories. While most coral pathogens (珊瑚致病菌) typically target specific species, SCTLD infects more than 30 different species of stony corals. The disease causes the soft tissue in the corals to fall off layer by layer, leaving behind only white cores. It can ruin an entire coral colony (群落) in only a few weeks. Currently, the most common treatment for SCTLD is using a mixture that contains the antibiotics (抗生素) on diseased corals. However, antibiotics are not a silver bullet. They can temporarily stop SCTLD’s spread, but it needs to be frequently reapplied to the sick corals. This takes time and resources, while increasing the likelihood that the pathogen causing SCTLD might develop resistance. Valerie Paul, head scientist at the Smithsonian Marine Station, Florida and her colleagues have spent over six years investigating whether beneficial microorganisms (微生物) could be a longer lasting alternative to fight this pathogen. To address this, first, the team managed to harvest probiotics (益生菌), MocH1-7, from the SCTLD-resistant species. Then they conducted several field tests on a shallow reef near Fort Lauderdale, focusing on the colonies that showed signs of SCTLD．Some of the corals in these colonies received a mixture with the probiotic McH1-7 that was applied directly to the disease lesions. They treated the other corals with a solution of seawater containing McH1-7 and covered them using weighted plastic bags. The probiotics were administered inside the bag in order to cover the entire coral colony. In the following 2.5 years, they monitored the colonies, taking multiple rounds of samples to see how the corals were changing over time. They found that the probiotic McH1-7 successfully slowed the spread of SCTLD when it was delivered to the entire colony using the bag and solution method. “Corals are naturally rich in bacteria and it’s not surprising that the bacterial composition is important for their health,” Paul said. “We’re trying to figure out which bacteria can make probiotics even stronger.” 1．What is a feature of SCTLD? A．It primarily infects the core of corals. B．It affects a wide range of coral species. C．It causes immediate death of entire coral colonies. D．It progresses relatively slowly compared to other diseases. 2．What does the phrase “a silver bullet” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．A temporary and risky approach. B．A long-lasting and effective fix. C．A complex and time-consuming method. D．A costly and environmentally harmful treatment. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．The process of conducting the probiotic treatment. B．The reasons for choosing a shallow reef for research. C．The comparison between different treatments for SCTLD． D．The challenges of identifying SCTLD-resistant coral species. 4．Which of the following statements may Valerie Paul agree with? A．Nature can be cured with nature. B．Probiotic research tends to be on the rise. C．More efforts should be made to conserve corals. D．Antibiotics represent the future of coral disease treatment. Passage 6 （24-25高二下·安徽蚌埠·期末） Art and science may seem like opposite things. One means the creative flow of ideas, and the other means cold, hard data—some people believe. In fact, the two have much in common. Now, a study finds art can help students remember better what they learned in science class. Mariale Hardiman, an education specialist at Johns Hopkins University, noticed that students who used art in the classroom listened more carefully. They might ask more questions. They might volunteer more ideas. What’s more, students seemed to remember more of what they had been taught when their science lessons had involved art. To prove that, Hardima n teamed up with some researchers and six local schools. In the experiment, the researchers worked with teachers in 16 fifth-grade classrooms. They provided traditional science lessons and art-focused ones. In a traditional science class, for example, students might read aloud from a book. In the art-focused one, they might sing the information instead. The team randomly assigned each of the 350 students to either a traditional science classroom or an art-focused one. Students then learned science using that way for the whole unit—about three weeks. When they changed to a new topic, they also changed to the other type of class. This way, each student had both an art-focused class and a traditional one. Every unit was taught in both ways, to different groups of students. This enabled the researchers to see how students did in both types of classes. The team found that students who began in traditional classes performed better after they moved into an art-focused class. But those who started in an art-focused class did well even when they went back to a traditional science class. These students appeared to use some of the art techniques after going back to a traditional class. Classroom teachers reported that many students continued to sing the songs that they learned after finishing the unit. “The more we hear something, the more we retain it,” Hardiman says. “It suggests that the arts may help students apply creative ways of learning on their own.” 1．Why did Mariale Hardiman do the study? A．To prove the importance of art at school. B．To know how to teach students to ask questions. C．To find a way to help her students learn better. D．To see if art might improve science learning. 2．What were the students required to do in the experiment? A．Learn three units in total. B．Choose what they’d like to learn. C．Take two types of classes. D．Learn two topics for three weeks. 3．What does the underlined word “retain” in the last paragraph mean? A．Remember. B．Teach. C．Ignore. D．Report. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Art helps students develop good habits. B．Art-focused classes interest students a lot. C．Art can make science easier to learn. D．Art has something in common with science. 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·合肥六校联盟·期末） Sharks and their relatives are some of the most threatened vertebrates (脊椎动物) on Earth. Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) provide homes for countless fish species that are vital for fisheries and are therefore an especially important ecosystem for humans — and one where the decline of shark populations seems to be especially acute (剧烈的). The study by Simpfendorfer with his team is the result of a worldwide cooperation called the Global FinPrint project. The data analyzed include more than 20,000 hours of standardized underwater video taken at nearly 400reefs in 67 countries around the world. It reveals declines of 60% to 73% of once-abundant (充足的) coral reef shark species at reefs around the world. However, the findings of Simpfendorfer with his team include signs of hope and a clear path forward. Their results show that although shark populations in many reefs had declined, some healthy reef shark populations remained. The reefs with healthier shark populations had some important similarities: they tended to be in the waters of high-income countries with stronger natural resource management regulations (规定) . A country that lacks the resources to feed its people is less able to sustainably manage and protect its biodiversity. The most unexpected result of the study is that a decline or complete loss of shark species in one reef was not always associated with similar changes in nearby reefs. They found that one reef can be over fished so badly that a once-common reef shark species is totally gone, but another reef a short distance away can have healthy populations of that same species. It is likely that healthy population s can eventually help repopulate nearby areas. The problem is clear — animals that provide ecosystem services that are vital for human food security and livelihoods are disappearing at an alarming rate. The loss of sharks and the ecosystem services they provide represents an ecological disaster that can cause substantial harm to humans. But apparently, the findings have shown a way. If the threat that led to population decline are resolved, then these important and threatened animals may recover. 1．Why is Simpfendorfer with his team mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To stress the result of global cooperation. B．To state the urgency of protecting the ocean. C．To show the severe condition of certain sharks. D．To present the figures of their contributions to sharks. 2．Why could healthy reef shark population s remain in some areas? A．Citizens there had a stronger environmental awareness. B．Science and economics were improving fast in such areas. C．The waters in these areas were suitable for sharks to live in. D．These areas took stricter measures to protect natural resources. 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．Changes in reefs lead to loss of shark species. B．Humans and animals co-exist in ecosystem. C．It’s not clear whether humans cause damage to biodiversity. D．The declined shark species have nothing to do with overfishing. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．Acute Decline of reef sharks. B．Potential recovery of reef sharks. C．Global cooperation of saving sharks. D．Amazing discovery of Coral reefs. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·安徽宣城·期末） The beginning of the 20th century saw more than 100,000 tigers living in the wild, a figure that experienced a huge reduction of about 97% due to factors like illegal hunting and trading, habitat loss, shortage of food, human-tiger conflict and lack of will to address these factors. Protecting and improving tiger habitats can lead to the protection of thousands of other species, as well as important ecosystem services that benefit nations and the people who live in and close to these habitats. Forests in tiger landscapes store almost 3.5 times more carbon than other forests and offer protection against floods and other natural disasters. They also attract ecotourism and support agriculture by providing fresh water, safeguarding soil and regulating (调节) local weather. In 2010, the governments of 13 tiger range countries finally committed to doubling the number of tigers in the wild and have made great efforts since. In 2022, India reported an increase of 619 tigers since 2018, making it the second nation — after Nepal — to double its wild tiger population compared to the 2010 baseline. On July 29, 2023, the world celebrated International Tiger Day with good news from Bhutan. Its latest tiger population survey reported 131 more tigers living in the wild, a 27% increase from its first systematic survey in 2015. Bhutan’s achievement is reason to celebrate. But people in Bhutan and other tiger range countries may not necessarily be enthusiastic about the growth in tiger populations. After all, there are challenges ahead, such as the possibility of more human-tiger conflicts and reduced willingness to live alongside large predators (掠食动物). Preventing conflict from happening in the first place is an essential first step. Governments and conservation organizations can invest in early warning systems, structures for protection against predators and other measures to prevent human-tiger conflicts. When conflicts do occur, measures to reduce their impacts, like insurance projects, are important. Finally, the most important element of human-tiger coexistence (共存) is an equitable (公正的) and inclusive approach to conservation. Local communities should have a voice in developing and carrying out conservation strategies. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The benefit of ecotourism. B．The value of protecting tiger habitats. C．The necessity of planting forests. D．The influence of tigers on agriculture. 2．How is paragraph 3 mainly developed? A．By giving examples. B．By showing differences. C．By presenting problems. D．By providing research results. 3．What may cause people’s lack of enthusiasm towards increasing tiger populations? A．The increased illegal hunting. B．The investment required. C．The previous failures. D．The potential risks. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Protecting Tiger Habitats and Human Habitats B．Strategies for Preventing Human-Tiger Conflicts C．Challenges and Opportunities in Human-Tiger Coexistence D．The Role of Local Communities in Tiger Conservation Efforts Passage 3 （24-25高二下·安徽宣城·期末） It’s a hot afternoon, and a group of boys in Nigeria, India, Vietnam or other places, have gone out to their local landfills to work. Their job? Breaking open old phones and computers to remove precious metals so that they can be sold for cash. But where did these mountains of electronic waste come from, and what can be done? Each year, millions of electrical and electronic devices are thrown away because they are broken or simply unwanted. These thrown items, called electronic waste or e-waste, contribute to the fastest-growing solid waste in the world. Common e-waste items include computers, mobile phones and large household appliances, as well as medical equipment. Due to certain materials in these devices, they can become a threat to the environment and to human health if not handled properly. Many materials, such as lead (铅), used in electronics are on the World Health Organization’ s (WHO) list of 10 chemicals of public concern. When e-waste is thrown into landfills, these poisonous materials can pollute the soil and water, damaging the environment. On the other hand, electronics often contain valuable yet heavy metals like gold and silver, all of which are difficult and risky to take out by hand due to cuts on the hands. But other processing techniques like melting or using acid baths pollute the air and water. Exposure to these materials can cause breathing problems, cancer and brain diseases. The problem of e-waste is severe and growing, but here are three ways that can help turn the tide. First, recycling allows certain working parts in old devices to be reborn. Next, instead of replacing broken devices, see if you can extend their life by repairing them. Finally, if you have a working device that you’re no longer using, consider donating it to a school or charity. Together, we can make a difference. 1．Why does the author mention the group of boys? A．To offer detailed information. B．To raise a relevant question. C．To introduce their job. D．To describe a social phenomenon. 2．What can we learn about e-waste from paragraph 2? A．It comes from various possible sources. B．It’s mainly unwanted files in the computer. C．It’s the fastest-growing garbage worldwide. D．It doesn’t threaten the Earth but human health. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The complex formation of e-waste. B．The correct treatment of e-waste. C．The surprising value of e-waste. D．The potential danger of e-waste. 4．What does the underlined phrase “turn the tide” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Satisfy the demand. B．Improve the quality. C．Solve the problem. D．Update the technology. Passage 4 （24-25高二下·安徽滁州·期末） A major ice shelf in Antarctica appears to have survived a period of hot temperatures more than 120,000 years ago, indicating that West Antarctic ice sheets may not be as much at risk as we thought. “It’s good news and it’s bad news,” says Eric Wolf at the University of Cambridge, UK. “We didn’t get the worst case. But I can’t say this wouldn’t happen in the next century or two.” Wolff and his colleagues observed the Ronne ice shelf, a large section of the ice sheet that extends into the ocean, to see how it behaved between 117,000 and 126,000 years ago. During that time, changes in Earth’s orbit raised Antarctic temperatures even higher than they are today. To determine the extent of the Ronne ice shelf during that warm period, the researchers measured concentrations (浓度) of sea salt in an ice core drilled about 650 kilometres away from the shelf’s edge. If the ice shelf had melted during the warm period, its edge would have drawn closer to the core’s location. As a result, the researchers expected salt concentrations in the core would rise eight times during those years, because the core’s location would have been much closer to the open ocean. Instead, they found salt concentrations were similar or even lower than those of today, indicating that the edge of the ice sheet remained far away. The ice’s stability at that time suggests a lower possibility that the West Antarctic ice sheet will fall apart as climate change drives up global temperatures. “It implies there was not a complete melting of western Antarctica, but it doesn’t give us enough information to relax,” says Wolff. “The survival of the Ronne ice shelf doesn’t mean that other areas of ice, like the Thwaites or Pine Island glaciers didn’t melt.” The dynamics of warming in that warm period, which varied by region, are also different from global warming today, when temperatures are rising across the whole planet. For example, warmer ocean waters reaching Antarctica could speed up melt by advancing under the ice. 1．What happened around 120,000 years ago according to the first two paragraphs? A．The Ronne ice shelf disappeared. B．Antarctic was warmer than today. C．Earth’s orbit was raised higher than today. D．West Antarctic ice sheets expanded. 2．Why did the researchers measure the salt concentration in the ice core? A．To define the range of the Ronne ice shelf. B．To calculate the density of ocean waters. C．To analyze ancient ocean temperatures. D．To track the movement of the Ronne ice shelf. 3．What does the ice core salt concentration imply? A．Lower concentration indicates a larger shelf. B．Lower concentration causes a faster ice melting. C．Higher concentration suggests a colder ocean. D．Higher concentration brings a warmer climate. 4．What does the survival of the Ronne ice shelf suggest? A．The ice in other regions remained stable. B．The climate models were the same then as now. C．The West Antarctic ice sheet is less likely to melt. D．The most dangerous period of the West Antarctic ice sheet has passed. 主题01 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·安徽马鞍山·期末） A new study on baby birds shows that traffic noise can affect their growth and lead to lifelong harm. The finding raises new concerns about the effect of noise pollution on wildlife — and humans as well. Researchers already knew too much noise is likely to disturb birds, making it more difficult for the parents to communicate with and care for their baby birds. But it wasn’t clear whether the noise itself could directly harm young birds. Mylene Mariette, a behavioral ecologist at Deakin University, and her team set out to answer that question with birds held on campus in Melbourne, Australia. For 5 nights in a row, they played eggs either road noise or bird songs for several hours. The sounds were kept at a volume of 65 decibels （分贝）— about the same loudness as a conversation in a bar or city traffic. Other eggs were left in silence. After the eggs hatched, the baby birds received one of two treatments — road noise or bird songs — for another 9 nights. The baby birds heard the sounds in a separate room, and then were returned to their nests. Eggs exposed to traffic sounds were 19% less likely to hatch compared with those exposed to the sound of songs. It shows a clear effect of traffic noise, Mariette says. As the baby birds developed, they also showed worrying development signs. Those exposed to noise grew slower. Moreover, when those birds grew up, they had about half as many offspring （后代） as the birds exposed to songs as youngsters. Hans Slabbekoorn, an ecologist and animal behavior expert at Leiden University, notes that these concerns apply to humans as well. “The findings suggest that the acoustic （听觉的） environment of birds in cities and along highways should be better managed,” he writes, “and that the acoustic comfort in hospital environments for pregnant mothers and babies requires special attention.” Eventually, the research might help reveal how much and in what ways noise pollution should be reduced. 1．What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on about the study? A．Its process. B．Its result. C．Its difficulty. D．Its purpose. 2．How are the findings explained in paragraph 4? A．By giving examples. B．By analyzing reasons. C．By making comparisons. D．By making predictions. 3．What do the findings indicate? A．Move the birds from cities to protected areas. B．Make laws to close highways and other noisy places. C．Educate people on the bad effects of noise pollution. D．Pay special attention to the hospital environment for babies. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Traffic noise helps birds communicate B．Scientists have found ways to reduce noise C．Hospital environments are greatly affected D．Traffic noise causes lifelong harm to baby birds Passage 2 （23-24高二下·安徽芜湖·期末） Plastic is everywhere, from the Arctic ice to vital organs in the human body. In fact, previous estimates suggest that the average person swallows a credit card-worth of microscopic plastic particles(颗粒) every week. But new research shows that this could actually be an understatement. Microplastics are plastics smaller than 5 millimeters, found in industrial waste, beauty products, and formed during the degradation of larger plastic pieces. Over time, they break down into even smaller nanoplastics. These tiny particles can pass through our intestines and lungs into our bloodstreams, reaching vital organs like the heart and brain. While the idea of eating plastic is unsettling in itself, the major concern here is that these plastic particles contain chemicals that can interrupt our body’s natural release of hormones, potentially increasing our risk of reproductive disorders and certain cancers. They can also carry toxins(毒素) on their surface like heavy metals. In the past, researchers have shown bottled water can contain tens of thousands of identifiable plastic fragments in a single container. However, until recently, only the larger microplastics were detectable with available measuring tools, leaving the area of nanoplastics largely a mystery. Using Raman microscopy (显微镜学), capable of detecting particles down to the size of a flu virus, the team measured an average of 240, 000 particles of plastic per liter of bottled water, 90 percent of which were nanoplastics, a revelation 10 to 100 times larger than previous estimates. These plastics likely originate from the bottle material, filters used to “purify” the water, and the source water itself. “It is not totally unexpected to find so much of this stuff, ” the study’s lead author, Columbia graduate student Naixin Qian, said in a statement. His team hopes to expand their research into tap water and other water sources to better inform our exposure to these potentially dangerous particles. “The idea is that the smaller things get, the more of them I reveal, ” he added. 1．What is the primary focus of the new research? A．The presence of plastic particles. B．The use of plastic in everyday products. C．The detection methods for microplastics. D．The potential risks of nanoplastics to human. 2．What is the advantage of Raman microscopy? A．Finding the source of plastic particles. B．Helping to cure the deadly flu virus. C．Detecting the smaller plastic particles. D．Improving the quality of bottled water. 3．Why will the team expand their research into tap water? A．To focus on areas with higher plastic pollution. B．To be aware of the dangerous particles in daily life. C．To further measure the types of particles in tap water. D．To detect the smaller plastic particles in industrial areas. 4．What is Qian’s attitude towards his research? A．Skeptical. B．Objective. C．Conservative. D．Positive. Passage 3 （23-24高二下·阜阳一中·期末） Back in 1807, London became the first city on the planet to have a street lit up by gaslight lamps. For the city’s residents, it seemed like an extraordinary thing to have evening turned into a version of daytime. But more than two centuries later, artificial light has spread across so much of the planet that it has become a threat to us as well as the environment. The extent of light pollution is evidenced by a study in the journal Science Advances, in which researchers used measurements taken by satellites to study the artificial brightness of Earth’s surface at nighttime. They found the artificially lit outdoor area grew at a rate of 2.2% per year. But those increases are just part of the story. Christopher Kyba, a scientist at German Research Center, says the increasing transition to high-efficiency LED lamps for outdoor lighting, which were regarded by most people originally as a way to reduce our dependence upon fossil (化石的) fuels and slow climate change, may not be saving as much electricity as expected. The American Medical Association added that the wavelengths (波长) at which the lights operate control the hormone that helps us to sleep. “It is estimated that white LED lamps have a much greater impact on people’s sleep than the former streetlights.” Research shows that such impact may be a significant aspect inducing fatness and other physical disorders. Many species on Earth are active at night, and electric lighting, especially dusk to dawn lighting, represents damage to the environment of these species. A study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, for example, found powerful beams of light from the National September 11 Memorial and Museum changed the flight paths and speed of 1.1 million migrating birds over a seven-day period alone. And in Florida, light pollution along beaches is disturbing sea turtles having babies, resulting in thousands of young animals’ dying each year. But perhaps the most obvious thing about light pollution is that much of it results from wasteful light that isn’t necessary, according to Kyba, who estimates that it could be reduced by five to ten times. “I think we should be asking as taxpayers (纳税人). Why are we paying for lights that shine uselessly into people’s windows and disturb their sleep?” 1．What did most people use to think of LED light s according to Paragraph 2? A．They would be beneficial to people's sleep. B．They could be used to reduce light pollution. C．They would contribute to serious global warming. D．They could make people depend less on fossil fuels. 2．What does the underlined word “inducing” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Causing. B．Marking. C．Preventing. D．Reducing. 3．Why did the author mention migrating birds and sea turtles in Paragraph 3? A．To present the sources of light pollution. B．To show the influence of light pollution on animals. C．To compare the sleeping habits of different animals. D．To highlight the strong adaptability of particular animals. 4．Which of the following can be Kyba’s suggestion? A．Avoiding arranging unnecessary lights. B．Improving the function of streetlights. C．Calling on taxpayers to protect animals. D．Decreasing the great pressure on taxpayers. 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·安徽阜阳·期末） You see a woman on the street who looks familiar — but you can’t remember how you know her. Your brain cannot attach any previous experiences to this person. Hours later, you suddenly recall the party at a friend’s house where you met her, and you realize who she is. In a new study in mice, researchers have discovered the place in the brain that is responsible for both types of familiarity — vague (模糊的) recognition and complete recollection. Both, moreover, are represented by two distinct neural (神经系统的) codes. The brain’s signature for strangers turns out to be simpler than the one used for old friends — which makes sense, says study co-author Steven Siegelbaum, given the vastly different memory requirements for the two relationships. “Where you were, what you were doing, when you were doing it, who else was there — the memory of a familiar individual is a much richer memory,” Siegelbaum says. “If you’re meeting a stranger, there’s nothing to recollect.” The action occurs in a small sliver (小块) of a brain region called the hippocampus, known for its importance in forming memories. The sliver in question, known as CA2, seems to specialize in a certain kind of memory used to recall relationships. “The new work really emphasizes the importance of this brain area to social processing, at least in mice,” says Serena Dudek, a neuroscientist at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, who was not involved in the study. CA2 is unlikely to act alone in this process because it connects to other brain regions that also play roles in social learning, memory and behavior, Dudek says. But if the findings in mice apply to humans, the work could help researchers uncover the roots of social difficulties in people. From there, researchers might find ways to improve social memory. “How many different disorders of memory are there?” Siegelbaum says. “Do they all involve the same type of changes in neural processing, or are there more specific changes that are associated with different forms of disease?” Having a better way to classify these changes may lead to more targeted treatments, he adds. 1．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic. B．To provide an example. C．To describe a funny experience. D．To complain about the bad memory. 2．Why is the brain’s signature for strangers simpler than that for old friends? A．Strangers leave a stronger impression. B．The brain processes strangers differently. C．Memories of old friends are easier to recollect. D．There are different memory requirements to meet. 3．What does the study find about CA2? A．It connects to other brain regions specialized in learning. B．It is responsible for refreshing one’s visual memories. C．It is dedicated to the memory related to relationships. D．It plays a role in regulating people’s social behavior. 4．What does Siegelbaum suggest about the study? A．It should include more species. B．It provides conclusive answers. C．It deserves more media attention. D．It needs further research in future. Passage 2 （23-24高二下·安徽安庆·期末） Plants can often tell when they’re in danger — by smell. But not all leaves can smell threats equally well. In corn plants, baby leaves do this best, new data showed. “They sense this — like OK, danger is at the corner, we better prepare,” says Lei Wang. He’s a plant biologist at the University of Ben in Switzerland. He and his colleagues shared the new findings in Current Biology. Many plants strengthen their chemical protection when they are about to be eaten by insects. One way plants senis such threats is through scent (气味). They can detect odor molecules (气味分子) floating through the air. Such odors may come from an insect’s saliva (唾液) or from nearby injured plants. But scientists don’t know which parts of plants sense danger. (Obviously, plants don’t have noses. ) And they know even less about what goes on inside plants for them to process: danger! Wang and his team set out to study this warning system in corn plants. But they ran into a problem. When exposed to “threat” scents, adult leaves didn’t respond much. The researchers turned to baby leaves instead. In the lab, young corn leaves seemed better able to sense danger than older ones. They responded more strongly to a common danger-signaling scent. (It smells like freshly cut grass. ) It’s not clear why young corn leaves smell trouble better than older ones do. Maybe it helps protect these more weak leaves. Or, since young leaves often grow at the top of a plant, they might better detect scents blowing from long distances. These questions will need more study. Wang hopes his research can help create smarter crops that are better at resisting insects. In the long run, that should reduce the need for pesticides. “My parents are farmers,” Wang says. “So this research is not just to satisfy my curiosity. I really want to solve some urgent questions in agriculture.” 1．What do plants detect through scent? A．Injuries of other plants. B．Saliva of nearby insects. C．Odor molecules in the air. D．Threats from their environment. 2．Why did Wang and his team turn to study baby leaves? A．Baby leaves were easier to study. B．Baby leaves were more likely to be hurt by threats. C．Adult leaves didn’t respond to “threat” scents at all. D．They can conduct the study more effectively. 3．What does Wang expect his research will lead to? A．The development of smarter pesticides. B．The creation of more insect-resistant crops. C．The production of stronger smelling crops. D．The improvement of farmers’ living conditions. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To explain how plants detect threats. B．To introduce a new way of protecting plants. C．To report on a study about plants’ warning system. D．To discuss the importance of plant biology research. Passage 3 （23-24高二下·安徽芜湖·期末） The Internet’s carbon footprint is as bad as air travel. While it is difficult to measure precisely, estimates place it at over two percent of global greenhouse gas emissions(排放)—the same as the air travel. Information may appear to spread around the world unseen to our eyes, but it actually passes through enormous data centers placed strategically about the globe, which store, organize and deliver everyone’s data. These centers are extremely energy intensive. In the EU, they consume close to three percent of its total energy usage and also require lots of water to prevent their computers from overheating. In the US, about a fifth of data centers draw water from already stressed water sources. A typical spam email(垃圾邮件)emits around 0.03g of CO2 emissions, though longer messages read on a laptop can go all the way up to 26g. Now multiply that by 333 billion(roughly the number of emails that get sent every day in 2022). That puts all those work emails into perspective. One study found if every British adult sent one less “thank you” email a day, it would save 16, 433 tons of carbon a year. It even predicted that the ICT industry could account for up to a fifth of the world’s energy consumption by 2025. However, there are measures that we can take to reduce our digital carbon footprint. For instance, you can unsubscribe from marketing and other spam emails and only subscribe to newsletters that you still regularly read. Have regular data checks where you delete old contact lists and other documents that no longer have any use. Keep a clean inbox and delete emails you no longer need. 1．Why does the author make a comparison in the beginning? A．To present the digital carbon footprint. B．To emphasize the importance of air travel. C．To advise people not to travel by airplane. D．To inform the disadvantages of the Internet. 2．What can we infer about data centers? A．It enjoys a wide popularity. B．It has various kinds of functions. C．It causes large energy consumption. D．It has quite a complex mode of operation. 3．What’s the purpose of mentioning the figures in Paragraph 3? A．To draw the readers’ attention. B．To illustrate a certain information. C．To highlight the change of CO2 emission. D．To stress the importance of reducing CO2 emission. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards reducing digital carbon footprint? A．Neutral. B．Optimistic. C．Unfavorable. D．Concerned. Passage 4 （23-24高二下·安徽六安·期末） Anxiety isn’t funny. When we feel worried or afraid, the last thing we feel like doing is laughing. Finding humor can be difficult when we live with anxiety. However, if we begin to look for humor, we can find that laughter can be a great coping skill. Researchers have discovered that laughter has many benefits. Among the ways laughter lifts us by increasing our overall well-being and boosting our mental health. When we live with anxiety, our stress hormones pulse through us. This makes us feel tense and anxious. Although there are no quick solutions for anything in our life, a good laugh can instantly begin to reduce these harmful stress hormones that are mixed with anxiety. Laughter gets to work immediately, and a regular “diet” of laughter continues to decrease anxiety over time. The act of laughing is similar to deep breathing in its ability to increase the oxygen in our bodies. Combined with reducing stress hormones, the increased oxygen in our bodies helps lead to muscle relaxation. All of this helps reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety. Laughing feels good. It’s addictive and we can keep wanting more. When we laugh regularly, our anxiety begins to decrease. When we have humor and give ourselves a chance to laugh a little bit for even a short while each day, we distract our focus. Rather than seeing the world within or without as a worrying place, we start to see it as a good, safe, and perhaps even fun place. We start to see beyond the anxiety. Sure, the anxiety lingers (徘徊) for a while, but every time we laugh, we can reduce it. Introducing intentional laughter into our life decreases our stress hormones. Breathing deeply during the act of laughing relaxes muscles. Thinking about something funny shifts our focus to new things. Having humor regularly helps our outlook become more positive. 1．What can make us feel nervous? A．Pulsing stress hormones. B．Lacking sense of humour. C．Tiredness and sleepiness. D．Feeling eager to get something. 2．Why is deep breathing mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To compare it with taking exercice. B．To suggest people do it more often. C．To show its importance to the body. D．To explain how laughing reduces anxiety. 3．What does Paragraph 4 focus on in terms of laughter? A．Its functions. B．Its concept. C．Its causes. D．Its disadvantages. 4．Who might need to read the text most? A．A person who has developed a bad habit. B．A person who tends to feel nervous easily. C．A person who is fond of humorous stories. D．A person who can’t get along well with others. Passage 5 （23-24高二下·安徽芜湖·期末） The tea that has delighted and fascinated the world for thousands of years has finally received top-level global recognition as a shared cultural treasure of mankind. China’s traditional tea-making was added on Tuesday to the intangible cultural heritage list of UNESCO. The traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China consist of knowledge, skills and practices concerning the management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, manual(手工的)processing, drinking and sharing of tea. Since ancient times, Chinese people have been planting, picking, making and drinking tea. Tea producers have developed six categories of tea: green, yellow, dark, white, oolong and black teas. Together with reprocessed teas, such as flower-scented teas, there are over 2, 000 tea products in China. Tea-related customs are not only found across the country, but also influence the rest of the world through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes. Tea is ubiquitous in Chinese people’s daily life, as steeped(浸泡)or boiled tea is served in families, workplaces, tea houses, restaurants and temples, etc. It is also an important part of socialization and ceremonies such as weddings and sacrifices. The practice of greeting guests and building relationships within families and among neighbors through tea- related activities is common to multiple ethnic groups, providing a sense of shared identity and continuity for the communities. In China, 44 registered national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea. There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities that have set up majors in tea science or tea culture, resulting in over 3,000 graduates specializing in tea production and art every year, according to the ministry. China now has 43 items on the intangible cultural heritage list, continuing to be the most enlisted country in the world. 1．What can be learnt from the passage? A．Chinese producers developed 44 categories of tea. B．Tea is quite popular with people all over the country. C．More than 2,000 tea products could be found in China. D．There’ re about 300 graduates specializing in tea production every year. 2．What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” probably mean? A．rare B．common C．temporary D．available 3．How does the author emphasize the promotion of tea culture in Paragraph 4? A．By listing figures. B．By making definitions. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons. 4．In which kind of book may this text appear? A．A textbook. B．A travel journal. C．A story book. D．A cultural magazine. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·合肥六校联盟·期末） Many of us have heard of or seen My Fair Lady (1964), a classic movie starring British actress Audrey Hepburn. The film is an adaptation of Pygmalion, a comic play by the Irishman George Bernard Shaw(1856-1950). However, the musical version of My Fair Lady is even older, and has been entertaining audiences since 1956. In fact, a new Broadway version of the musical was nominated for 10 Tony awards. The story of Eliza Doolittle, a working-class flower seller from London, and the snobbish (势利的) Professor Higgins, who teaches her “proper English”, has never showed any signs of dying out since it was introduced. But why do people still line up around the block for tickets when a new production of the play is announced? The answer is simple: The musical has a wonderful story. Everyone can identify with Doolittle’s desire to live a more satisfying life; all she wants is to get rid of her accent so she can get a job in a store and not on the streets. However, it seems that people like Higgin s are always looking down on Doolittle for not being from a fancy family. Besides Doolittle’s background, the story and the songs in the music al are also what make it so popular. Audience members are moved when Eliza and her fellow flower sellers imagine what it’d be like to live as a rich person does. This is perfectly summed up in the lyric (歌词),“Wouldn’t it be lovely?” The musical also makes people think. It doesn’t make sense that one kind of accent can be considered good and another bad. Eliza and her father speak “badly” because they were born poor, while Higgins speaks “proper English” because he was born a “gentleman”. That reflects the unfairness of class divisions — a kind of unfairness that still sadly exists today. 1．The underlined word “nominated” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by _________. A．Appointed. B．Selected. C．Suggested. D．Directed. 2．Why do people like Broadway’s musical My Fair Lady? A．People can relate to Doolittle’s experiences. B．It’s considered the best adaptation of Pygmalion. C．It has won 10 Tony awards since its appearance. D．People have a good chance to learn proper English. 3．What message does My Fair Lady convey? A．People from poor families can hardly be successful. B．Women’s status has been greatly improved in the UK. C．Social class division is deeply rooted in British society. D．One’s language ability and manner are the key to success. 4．What can we know about the story of the musical? A．Higgins was described as a kindhearted man. B．Eliza was born poor but fought for a better life. C．Higgins and Eliza became friends after they first met. D．Eliza finally changed Higgins` prejudice against the poor. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了广受观众喜欢的音乐剧《窈窕淑女》，分析了人们喜爱它的原因。 1．词句猜测题。根据上文“However, the musical version of My Fair Lady is even older, and has been entertaining audiences since 1956.(然而，《窈窕淑女》音乐版年龄更大，自1956年以来一直在娱乐观众)”，因此推断这部音乐剧很受观众欢迎，划线句句意“事实上，这部音乐剧的一个新百老汇版本获得了10项托尼奖的nominated。”说明这部音乐剧的成功，获得了许多奖项的提名，因此划线词词义与C项“推荐；提名”词义相近。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The answer is simple: The musical has a wonderful story. Everyone can identify with Doolittle’s desire to live a more satisfying life; all she wants is to get rid of her accent so she can get a job in a store and not on the streets.(答案很简单：这部音乐剧有一个精彩的故事。每个人都能认同杜立特希望过更满意的生活的愿望;她只是想改掉自己的口音，这样她就能在商店里找份工作，而不是在街上流浪)”可推断，人们喜欢百老汇音乐剧《窈窕淑女》主要因为人们可以理解杜立特的经历。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“That reflects the unfairness of class divisions — a kind of unfairness that still sadly exists today.(这反映了阶级划分的不公平——一种至今仍然悲哀地存在的不公平)”可知，《窈窕淑女》传递了一种信息：社会阶级划分深植于英国社会。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Everyone can identify with Doolittle’s desire to live a more satisfying life; all she wants is to get rid of her accent so she can get a job in a store and not on the streets. (每个人都能认同杜立特希望过更满意的生活的愿望；她只是想改掉自己的口音，这样她就能在商店里找份工作，而不是在街上流浪)”以及最后一段的“Eliza and her father speak “badly” because they were born poor, while Higgins speaks “proper English” because he was born a “gentleman”.(伊丽莎和她的父亲说得“不好”，因为他们出身贫寒，而希金斯说得“得体”，因为他出身“绅士”)”可知，伊丽莎生来很穷，但却在为更好的生活而奋斗。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·安徽蚌埠·期末） A new Chinese artificial intelligence agent, Manus, has rapidly caught the attention of the AI community with its ability to handle complex, real-world tasks. Developed by a low-profile team and backed by Chinese investors and developers, Manus is currently available as an invitation-only web preview. A demonstration video on its website shows its ability to create a personalized website through a step-by-step process. In 2025, China has been in a leading position in several AI breakthroughs. The launch of DeepSeek in January showed that China was able to produce functional Large Language Models (LLMs) for a small part of the cost of American industry leaders, and Manus shows that this kind of progress can be repeated. Manus’ website says it is focused on real-world complex tasks, giving the examples of designing a trip to Japan, providing an in-depth analysis of Tesla’s stock, creating interactive courses for middle school teachers, comparing different insurance policies, and assisting in business-to-business supplier sourcing. Manus also claims to outperform OpenAI’s Deep Research. Despite limited information about its business structure, team, and models, Manus has generated significant interest. The demonstration video, published on X, formerly Twitter, on Wednesday, gained over 200,000 views by Thursday. This significant rise in popularity is similar to the excitement that followed the launch of DeepSeek’s R1 reasoning model in January. General-purpose AI agents, capable of interacting with their environment, collecting data, and autonomously handling tasks to achieve predetermined goals, are widely regarded as the future of AI applications. According to the demo, Manus can autonomously browse websites, make use of various capabilities, and display its workflow in real time. The developers describe it as “a general AI agent that bridges minds and actions: it doesn’t just think, it delivers results.” The demo video is hosted by Ji Yichao, a 33-year-old Chinese tech enthusiast known for creating the mobile browser Mammoth and founding Peak Labs in the U. S. In the demonstration, presenter Ji Yichao said: “This isn’t just another chatbot or workflow. It’s a truly autonomous agent that bridges the gap between initial ideas and actual actions. While other AI s stop at generating ideas, Manus delivers results.” 1．What distinguishes Manus from other existing AIs according to the text? A．Its ability to generate creative ideas instantly. B．Its wide availability to the general public without restrictions. C．Its unique capacity to autonomously turn ideas into practical results. D．Its lower expense of development compared to American AI products. 2．How does the author prove Manus’ capability? A．By listing examples. B．By defining terms. C．By comparing data. D．By quoting experts. 3．What is the key to Manus’ success? A．Government funding. B．The proper Marketing strategy. C．Frequent software updates. D．Integration of multiple models capacities. 4．What can be inferred about Manus from the last paragraph? A．It is a common chatbot with basic functions. B．It is a breakthrough in AI agent technology. C．It is a bridge that connects China and the USA． D．It is a model agent that affects only the generations of ideas. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了中国新AI智能体Manus受关注，能处理复杂现实任务，通过邀请制提供网页预览，2025年中国AI屡有突破。 1．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“According to the demo, Manus can autonomously browse websites, make use of various capabilities, and display its workflow in real time. The developers describe it as “a general AI agent that bridges minds and actions: it doesn’t just think, it delivers results.”(根据演示，Manus能够自主浏览网站、利用各种功能，并实时展示其工作流程。开发人员将其描述为“一种连接思维与行动的通用人工智能代理：它不仅思考，还能提供结果。”)”可知，马努斯与其他现有的人工智能的不同之处在于它独特的能够将想法自主转化为实际成果的能力。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Manus’ website says it is focused on real-world complex tasks, giving the examples of designing a trip to Japan, providing an in-depth analysis of Tesla’s stock, creating interactive courses for middle school teachers, comparing different insurance policies, and assisting in business-to-business supplier sourcing.(马努斯公司的网站称，其业务重点在于解决现实生活中的复杂问题，列举了诸如规划一次日本之旅、对特斯拉股票进行深入分析、为中学教师设计互动课程、比较不同保险政策以及协助企业间供应商采购等实例)”可知，作者通过列举例子证明马努斯的能力。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“General-purpose AI agents, capable of interacting with their environment, collecting data, and autonomously handling tasks to achieve predetermined goals, are widely regarded as the future of AI applications.(通用型人工智能代理能够与环境进行互动、收集数据，并自主执行任务以达成既定目标，它们被普遍认为是人工智能应用的未来方向)”以及倒数第二段“According to the demo, Manus can autonomously browse websites, make use of various capabilities, and display its workflow in real time. The developers describe it as “a general AI agent that bridges minds and actions: it doesn’t just think, it delivers results.”(根据演示，Manus能够自主浏览网站、利用各种功能，并实时展示其工作流程。开发人员将其描述为“一种连接思维与行动的通用人工智能代理：它不仅思考，还能提供结果。”)”可知，马努斯取得成功的关键是多种模型能力的整合。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s a truly autonomous agent that bridges the gap between initial ideas and actual actions. While other AI s stop at generating ideas, Manus delivers results.(这是一款真正意义上的自主型智能程序，它能够将最初的构想与实际行动之间存在的差距连接起来。而其他的人工智能程序往往只是停留在产生想法的阶段，而马努斯则能够带来实际的成果)”可知，这是人工智能代理技术的一项重大突破。故选B。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·阜阳一中·期末） The earliest discovered cave paintings date back to the Upper Paleolithic (旧石器时代晚期) period. We might expect that they would be simply made, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a high degree of skill. So do the cave paintings in southern Africa. Some of those appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as that in Europe. The early Australians may have painted on the walls of rock shelters at least 30,000 years ago. The researchers identified three principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: in obviously inhabited (有人居住的) rock shelters and cave entrances; in galleries near the inhabited areas of caves, and in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been considered as a sign that magical religious activities were performed there. The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no decoration. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that was their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely found in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in south western France is more clearly revealed by the results of a study. The data suggest that the animals in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat. For example, wild cattle and horses are found more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier meatier (多肉的) than other animals in the environment. In addition, in the paintings there are mostly animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as horns. That is, mammoths (猛犸) were drawn more often than deer. 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Painting in Europe is not so old as that in southern Africa. B．The cave paintings in southern Africa reflect ancient people’s super skill. C．The early Australians drew cave paintings later than the early Europeans. D．Most of the cave paintings of Spain and southern France were simply drawn. 2．Where can we find galleries in western Europe? A．Close to the inhabited areas of caves. B．In the inner reaches of caves. C．In a place too far from caves. D．At cave entrances. 3．What does the third paragraph reveal about the cave paintings? A．The subjects mainly include plants and animals. B．Human figures are usually found in cave art. C．The paintings were drawn on bare walls. D．They were carefully and well decorated. 4．Which might NOT be the reason why mammoths were often drawn in the paintings? A．They were very fast. B．They were quite large. C．They were rather tasty. D．They had natural weapons. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了最早发现的洞穴绘画可以追溯到旧石器时代晚期。我们可能认为它们制作简单，但是西班牙和法国南部的洞穴壁画显示了高超技艺。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We might expect that they would be simply made, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a high degree of skill. So do the cave paintings in southern Africa. (我们可能认为它们制作简单，但是西班牙和法国南部的洞穴壁画显示了高度的技巧。南非的岩画也是如此。)”可知，南非的洞穴壁画反映了古代人的高超技艺，故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers identified three principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: in obviously inhabited (有人居住的) rock shelters and cave entrances; in galleries near the inhabited areas of caves, and in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been considered as a sign that magical religious activities were performed there. (研究人员确定了西欧洞穴中绘画的三个主要位置：明显有人居住的地方岩石掩体和洞穴入口；在有人居住的洞穴附近的画廊里，以及在洞穴的内侧，这些地方很难进入，被认为是在那里进行神奇的宗教活动的标志。)”可知，在西欧，靠近有人居住的洞穴可以找到画廊，故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no decoration. (这些画的主题大多是动物。这些画挂在光秃秃的墙上，没有任何装饰。)”可知，洞穴壁画是画在光秃秃的墙上的，故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In addition, in the paintings there are mostly animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as horns. That is, mammoths (猛犸)were drawn more often than deer. (此外，画中大多是画家最害怕的动物，因为它们的大小、速度和角等自然武器。也就是猛犸象比鹿更常被画出来。)”可知，猛犸象并不是因为美味而被经常画在画中，故选C项。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·安徽大联考·期末） Trying to grasp the brain’s complexity is a little like trying to comprehend the vastness of space—it feels way beyond our range of understanding. Luckily, by mapping a small part of a mouse brain down to an amazing level of detail, new research could help us grasp a piece of the neurological cosmos (神经宇宙) inside our heads. Though the volume of brain matter analyzed was barely the size of a grain of sand, the researchers still had to describe the relationships between 84,000 neurons (神经元) via half a billion synapse (突触) connections and 5.4 kilometers of neural wiring. The incredible work took 9 years to complete from start to finish, and involved more than 150 researchers and 22 institutions along the way, including representatives from Princeton University, Baylor College of Medicine in Texas, and the Allen Institute for Brain Science in Seattle. What is unique about this data is that it took both the structure and the function into consideration within one experiment. That means scientists were able to see not just the layout of the wiring in the brain, but also the way those wires communicate and work. The mouse used in the study was shown videos while moving on a running machine, with the scientists monitoring its brain activity. The mouse’s brain was then divided into 28,000 separate layers (层). The team used a combination of AI techniques and human checks to unlock the network of neuronal wires, identify connections, and then put the knot together again. This wiring diagram of the brain is known as the connectome. “The connectome is the beginning of the digital transformation of brain science,” says H. Sebastian Seung from Princeton University. “It’s also a promising step forward in the study of brain diseases, including dementia (痴呆症). Digitizing some or all of the brain, and understanding exactly how it’s put together, means an improved understanding of how it can go wrong. The technologies developed by this project will give us our first chance to really identify some kind of abnormal pattern of connectivity that gives rise to a disorder.” 1．What do the figures in paragraph 2 stress? A．The importance of cooperation in scientific research. B．The differences between mouse and human brain structures. C．The advantage of AI over human researchers in brain mapping. D．The complexity of even a tiny part of the brain’s neural network. 2．What is the most remarkable achievement of the new research? A．It integrated structural and functional analysis. B．It monitored brain activity during physical exercise. C．It combined AI and human checks to analyze brain layers. D．It identified abnormal connectivity patterns in brain diseases. 3．What is Seung’s attitude towards the finding of the connectome? A．Doubtful. B．Mixed. C．Dismissive. D．Positive. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．AI’s Role in Modern Neuroscience B．The Development of Neural Network Research C．A Breakthrough in Linking Brain Structure and Function D．The Journey to Cure Dementia Through Connectome Research 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究通过对老鼠大脑的一小部分进行详细绘图，在一个实验中同时考虑了大脑的结构和功能，这是在连接大脑结构和功能方面的一个突破。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Though the volume of brain - matter analyzed was barely the size of a grain of sand, the researchers still had to describe the relationships between 84,000 neurons via half a billion synapse connections and 5.4 kilometers of neural wiring.( 虽然分析的大脑物质的体积几乎只有一粒沙子的大小，但研究人员仍然必须通过5亿个突触连接和5.4公里的神经线路来描述84,000个神经元之间的关系)”可推知，这些数字强调了即使是大脑神经网络的一小部分，其复杂程度也是极高的。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“What is unique about this data is that it took both the structure and the function into consideration within one experiment. That means scientists were able to see not just the layout of the wiring in the brain, but also the way those wires communicate and work.( 这个数据的独特之处在于它在一个实验中同时考虑了结构和功能。这意味着科学家们不仅能够看到大脑中线路的布局，还能看到这些线路的交流和工作方式)”可知，这项新研究的独特之处在于在一个实验中同时考虑了大脑的结构和功能。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段 Seung 所说的话““The connectome is the beginning of the digital transformation of brain science,” says H. Sebastian Seung from Princeton University. “It’s also a promising step forward in the study of brain diseases, including dementia(痴呆症).( “连接体是脑科学数字化转型的开始，”普林斯顿大学的H. Sebastian Seung说。“这也是研究包括痴呆症在内的脑部疾病的有希望的一步)”以及“The technologies developed by this project will give us our first chance to really identify some kind of abnormal pattern of connectivity that gives rise to a disorder.( 这个项目开发的技术将使我们第一次有机会真正识别出某种导致疾病的异常连接模式)”可知，Seung认为连接组是脑科学数字变革的开端，在脑部疾病研究方面是有前途的一步，这个项目开发的技术将给我们首次识别导致紊乱的连接异常模式的机会，所以他对连接组的发现持积极态度。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合最后一段“This wiring diagram of the brain is known as the connectome. “The connectome is the beginning of the digital transformation of brain science,” says H. Sebastian Seung from Princeton University. “It’s also a promising step forward in the study of brain diseases, including dementia (痴呆症). Digitizing some or all of the brain, and understanding exactly how it’s put together, means an improved understanding of how it can go wrong. The technologies developed by this project will give us our first chance to really identify some kind of abnormal pattern of connectivity that gives rise to a disorder.”(大脑的这张接线图被称为连接体。“连接体是脑科学数字化转型的开始，”普林斯顿大学的H. Sebastian Seung说。“这也是研究包括痴呆症在内的脑部疾病的有希望的一步。将部分或全部大脑数字化，并确切地了解它是如何组合在一起的，意味着对大脑如何出错的理解有所提高。这个项目开发的技术将使我们第一次有机会真正识别出某种导致疾病的异常连接模式。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究通过对老鼠大脑的一小部分进行详细绘图，在一个实验中同时考虑了大脑的结构和功能，这是在连接大脑结构和功能方面的一个突破。由此可知，文章最适合的标题是“连接大脑结构和功能的突破”。故选C项。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·安徽大联考·期末） Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) first emerged in Florida in 2014. In the 11 years since, it has spread throughout the Caribbean, confirmed in at least 20 other countries and territories. While most coral pathogens (珊瑚致病菌) typically target specific species, SCTLD infects more than 30 different species of stony corals. The disease causes the soft tissue in the corals to fall off layer by layer, leaving behind only white cores. It can ruin an entire coral colony (群落) in only a few weeks. Currently, the most common treatment for SCTLD is using a mixture that contains the antibiotics (抗生素) on diseased corals. However, antibiotics are not a silver bullet. They can temporarily stop SCTLD’s spread, but it needs to be frequently reapplied to the sick corals. This takes time and resources, while increasing the likelihood that the pathogen causing SCTLD might develop resistance. Valerie Paul, head scientist at the Smithsonian Marine Station, Florida and her colleagues have spent over six years investigating whether beneficial microorganisms (微生物) could be a longer lasting alternative to fight this pathogen. To address this, first, the team managed to harvest probiotics (益生菌), MocH1-7, from the SCTLD-resistant species. Then they conducted several field tests on a shallow reef near Fort Lauderdale, focusing on the colonies that showed signs of SCTLD．Some of the corals in these colonies received a mixture with the probiotic McH1-7 that was applied directly to the disease lesions. They treated the other corals with a solution of seawater containing McH1-7 and covered them using weighted plastic bags. The probiotics were administered inside the bag in order to cover the entire coral colony. In the following 2.5 years, they monitored the colonies, taking multiple rounds of samples to see how the corals were changing over time. They found that the probiotic McH1-7 successfully slowed the spread of SCTLD when it was delivered to the entire colony using the bag and solution method. “Corals are naturally rich in bacteria and it’s not surprising that the bacterial composition is important for their health,” Paul said. “We’re trying to figure out which bacteria can make probiotics even stronger.” 1．What is a feature of SCTLD? A．It primarily infects the core of corals. B．It affects a wide range of coral species. C．It causes immediate death of entire coral colonies. D．It progresses relatively slowly compared to other diseases. 2．What does the phrase “a silver bullet” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．A temporary and risky approach. B．A long-lasting and effective fix. C．A complex and time-consuming method. D．A costly and environmentally harmful treatment. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．The process of conducting the probiotic treatment. B．The reasons for choosing a shallow reef for research. C．The comparison between different treatments for SCTLD． D．The challenges of identifying SCTLD-resistant coral species. 4．Which of the following statements may Valerie Paul agree with? A．Nature can be cured with nature. B．Probiotic research tends to be on the rise. C．More efforts should be made to conserve corals. D．Antibiotics represent the future of coral disease treatment. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了石珊瑚组织脱落病(SCTLD)的危害、现有抗生素治疗的局限性，以及科学家通过提取益生菌(McH1-7)进行实地测试并成功减缓疾病扩散的研究过程与成果，表明利用有益微生物或成应对该珊瑚疾病的有效新途径。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“While most coral pathogens (珊瑚致病菌) typically target specific species, SCTLD infects more than 30 different species of stony corals.( 虽然大多数珊瑚病原体通常针对特定物种，但SCTLD感染超过30种不同的石珊瑚)”可知， SCTLD 影响的珊瑚物种范围很广。故选B项。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线单词句子下文“They can temporarily stop SCTLD’s spread, but it needs to be frequently reapplied to the sick corals. This takes time and resources, while increasing the likelihood that the pathogen causing SCTLD might develop resistance(他们可以暂时阻止SCTLD的传播，但需要经常重新施用于生病的珊瑚。这需要时间和资源，同时增加了引起SCTLD的病原体产生耐药性的可能性)”可知，抗生素能暂时阻止 SCTLD 传播，但需频繁应用，既耗时又耗资源，还可能让病原体产生抗药性，即抗生素不是一种持久有效的解决办法。由此可推测“a silver bullet”指的是一种持久有效的解决办法。故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。通读第四段内容可知，第四段首先提到团队从抗 SCTLD 的物种中获取益生菌 MocH1 - 7，然后讲述在劳德代尔堡附近浅礁进行现场测试，包括如何对有 SCTLD 迹象的珊瑚群落中的部分珊瑚直接应用益生菌混合物，对另一些珊瑚用含益生菌的海水溶液处理并覆盖塑料袋，最后说在接下来 2.5 年监测群落。整段围绕使用益生菌治疗 SCTLD 的过程展开。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Paul说的““Corals are naturally rich in bacteria and it’s not surprising that the bacterial composition is important for their health,” Paul said. “We’re trying to figure out which bacteria can make probiotics even stronger.”(保罗说：“珊瑚天生富含细菌，细菌组成对它们的健康很重要，这并不奇怪。”“我们正试图找出哪些细菌可以让益生菌变得更强。”)”可知，珊瑚天然富含细菌，细菌组成对其健康很重要，他们在尝试找出能使益生菌更强的细菌。这体现了利用自然界的微生物（益生菌）来治疗珊瑚疾病，即“自然可以用自然来治愈”。故选A项。 Passage 6 （24-25高二下·安徽蚌埠·期末） Art and science may seem like opposite things. One means the creative flow of ideas, and the other means cold, hard data—some people believe. In fact, the two have much in common. Now, a study finds art can help students remember better what they learned in science class. Mariale Hardiman, an education specialist at Johns Hopkins University, noticed that students who used art in the classroom listened more carefully. They might ask more questions. They might volunteer more ideas. What’s more, students seemed to remember more of what they had been taught when their science lessons had involved art. To prove that, Hardima n teamed up with some researchers and six local schools. In the experiment, the researchers worked with teachers in 16 fifth-grade classrooms. They provided traditional science lessons and art-focused ones. In a traditional science class, for example, students might read aloud from a book. In the art-focused one, they might sing the information instead. The team randomly assigned each of the 350 students to either a traditional science classroom or an art-focused one. Students then learned science using that way for the whole unit—about three weeks. When they changed to a new topic, they also changed to the other type of class. This way, each student had both an art-focused class and a traditional one. Every unit was taught in both ways, to different groups of students. This enabled the researchers to see how students did in both types of classes. The team found that students who began in traditional classes performed better after they moved into an art-focused class. But those who started in an art-focused class did well even when they went back to a traditional science class. These students appeared to use some of the art techniques after going back to a traditional class. Classroom teachers reported that many students continued to sing the songs that they learned after finishing the unit. “The more we hear something, the more we retain it,” Hardiman says. “It suggests that the arts may help students apply creative ways of learning on their own.” 1．Why did Mariale Hardiman do the study? A．To prove the importance of art at school. B．To know how to teach students to ask questions. C．To find a way to help her students learn better. D．To see if art might improve science learning. 2．What were the students required to do in the experiment? A．Learn three units in total. B．Choose what they’d like to learn. C．Take two types of classes. D．Learn two topics for three weeks. 3．What does the underlined word “retain” in the last paragraph mean? A．Remember. B．Teach. C．Ignore. D．Report. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Art helps students develop good habits. B．Art-focused classes interest students a lot. C．Art can make science easier to learn. D．Art has something in common with science. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现艺术有助于学生更好记住科学知识。实验中，学生交替上传统科学课和艺术聚焦课，结果显示艺术能提升学习效果，助学生自主运用创造性学习方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“What’s more, students seemed to remember more of what they had been taught when their science lessons had involved art. To prove that, Hardima n teamed up with some researchers and six local schools.( 更重要的是，当科学课涉及到艺术时，学生们似乎能记住更多的知识。为了证明这一点，哈迪马与一些研究人员和六所当地学校合作。)”这表明玛丽亚·哈迪曼做这个研究是为了证明当科学课涉及艺术时，学生是否能更好地记住所学内容，也就是看看艺术是否能提高科学学习效果。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The team randomly assigned each of the 350 students to either a traditional science classroom or an art-focused one. When they changed to a new topic, they also changed to the other type of class. This way, each student had both an art -focused class and a traditional one.( 研究小组将350名学生随机分配到传统的科学教室或艺术教室。然后学生们用这种方式学习整个单元的科学——大约三周。当他们切换到一个新的主题时，他们也切换到另一种类型的课程。这样一来，每个学生既上了艺术课，也上了传统课。)”可知，学生们被随机分配到传统科学课或艺术聚焦课，当换主题时会换到另一种课型，所以每个学生都要上两种类型的课。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词句中“Classroom teachers reported that many students continued to sing the songs that they learned after finishing the unit. “The more we hear something, the more we retain it,” Hardiman says.( 课堂教师报告说，许多学生在完成本单元后继续唱他们学过的歌曲。“我们听到的越多， retain的就越多，”哈迪曼说。)”可知，老师们说很多学生在学完单元后还继续唱学过的歌，Hardiman 说听到的越多就越能“retain”它，再联系前文说艺术帮助学生记忆科学知识，可推测 retain是“记住”的意思，A选项“Remember(记住)”符合语境。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中“Now, a study finds art can help students remember better what they learned in science class.( 现在，一项研究发现，艺术可以帮助学生更好地记住他们在科学课上学到的东西。)”结合后面通过研究过程和结果进一步阐述了艺术能帮助学生更好地记住科学课所学内容，可知，这篇文章的主要内容是艺术可以使科学更容易学习。故选C项。 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·合肥六校联盟·期末） Sharks and their relatives are some of the most threatened vertebrates (脊椎动物) on Earth. Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) provide homes for countless fish species that are vital for fisheries and are therefore an especially important ecosystem for humans — and one where the decline of shark populations seems to be especially acute (剧烈的). The study by Simpfendorfer with his team is the result of a worldwide cooperation called the Global FinPrint project. The data analyzed include more than 20,000 hours of standardized underwater video taken at nearly 400reefs in 67 countries around the world. It reveals declines of 60% to 73% of once-abundant (充足的) coral reef shark species at reefs around the world. However, the findings of Simpfendorfer with his team include signs of hope and a clear path forward. Their results show that although shark populations in many reefs had declined, some healthy reef shark populations remained. The reefs with healthier shark populations had some important similarities: they tended to be in the waters of high-income countries with stronger natural resource management regulations (规定) . A country that lacks the resources to feed its people is less able to sustainably manage and protect its biodiversity. The most unexpected result of the study is that a decline or complete loss of shark species in one reef was not always associated with similar changes in nearby reefs. They found that one reef can be over fished so badly that a once-common reef shark species is totally gone, but another reef a short distance away can have healthy populations of that same species. It is likely that healthy population s can eventually help repopulate nearby areas. The problem is clear — animals that provide ecosystem services that are vital for human food security and livelihoods are disappearing at an alarming rate. The loss of sharks and the ecosystem services they provide represents an ecological disaster that can cause substantial harm to humans. But apparently, the findings have shown a way. If the threat that led to population decline are resolved, then these important and threatened animals may recover. 1．Why is Simpfendorfer with his team mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To stress the result of global cooperation. B．To state the urgency of protecting the ocean. C．To show the severe condition of certain sharks. D．To present the figures of their contributions to sharks. 2．Why could healthy reef shark population s remain in some areas? A．Citizens there had a stronger environmental awareness. B．Science and economics were improving fast in such areas. C．The waters in these areas were suitable for sharks to live in. D．These areas took stricter measures to protect natural resources. 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．Changes in reefs lead to loss of shark species. B．Humans and animals co-exist in ecosystem. C．It’s not clear whether humans cause damage to biodiversity. D．The declined shark species have nothing to do with overfishing. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．Acute Decline of reef sharks. B．Potential recovery of reef sharks. C．Global cooperation of saving sharks. D．Amazing discovery of Coral reefs. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究发现，因为人类活动对珊瑚礁的破坏，礁鲨数量的下降似乎尤为严重，但Simpfendorfer和他的团队也发现了衰退的礁鲨的恢复潜力。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第二段“It reveals declines of 60% to 73% of once-abundant (充足的) coral reef shark species at reefs around the world.(该报告显示，世界各地曾经丰富的珊瑚礁鲨鱼物种减少了60%至73%)”可知，第二段提到Simpfendorfer和他的团队是为了引出关于珊瑚礁的研究报告，显示某些鲨鱼的严重状况。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Their results show that although shark populations in many reefs had declined, some healthy reef shark populations remained. The reefs with healthier shark populations had some important similarities: they tended to be in the waters of high-income countries with stronger natural resource management regulations (规定).( 他们的研究结果表明，尽管许多珊瑚礁的鲨鱼数量下降了，但一些健康的珊瑚礁鲨鱼数量仍然存在。鲨鱼数量更健康的珊瑚礁有一些重要的相似之处：它们往往位于自然资源管理法规更强的高收入国家的水域)”可知，由于一些地区采取了更严格的措施来保护自然资源，健康的礁鲨种群仍然存在。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The loss of sharks and the ecosystem services they provide represents an ecological disaster that can cause substantial harm to humans.(鲨鱼及其提供的生态系统服务的丧失是一场生态灾难，可能对人类造成重大伤害)”可知，鲨鱼及其提供的生态系统服务的丧失是一场生态灾难，会对人类造成重大伤害，可得出人类和动物在生态系统中共存。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) provide homes for countless fish species that are vital for fisheries and are therefore an especially important ecosystem for humans—and one where the decline of shark populations seems to be especially acute (剧烈的).(珊瑚礁为无数对渔业至关重要的鱼类提供了家园，因此对人类来说是一个特别重要的生态系统，而鲨鱼数量的下降似乎尤为严重)”结合文章讲述了研究发现，因为人类活动对珊瑚礁的破坏，礁鲨数量的下降似乎尤为严重，但Simpfendorfer和他的团队也发现了衰退的礁鲨的恢复潜力，B项“礁鲨的潜在恢复”能概括文章大意。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·安徽宣城·期末） The beginning of the 20th century saw more than 100,000 tigers living in the wild, a figure that experienced a huge reduction of about 97% due to factors like illegal hunting and trading, habitat loss, shortage of food, human-tiger conflict and lack of will to address these factors. Protecting and improving tiger habitats can lead to the protection of thousands of other species, as well as important ecosystem services that benefit nations and the people who live in and close to these habitats. Forests in tiger landscapes store almost 3.5 times more carbon than other forests and offer protection against floods and other natural disasters. They also attract ecotourism and support agriculture by providing fresh water, safeguarding soil and regulating (调节) local weather. In 2010, the governments of 13 tiger range countries finally committed to doubling the number of tigers in the wild and have made great efforts since. In 2022, India reported an increase of 619 tigers since 2018, making it the second nation — after Nepal — to double its wild tiger population compared to the 2010 baseline. On July 29, 2023, the world celebrated International Tiger Day with good news from Bhutan. Its latest tiger population survey reported 131 more tigers living in the wild, a 27% increase from its first systematic survey in 2015. Bhutan’s achievement is reason to celebrate. But people in Bhutan and other tiger range countries may not necessarily be enthusiastic about the growth in tiger populations. After all, there are challenges ahead, such as the possibility of more human-tiger conflicts and reduced willingness to live alongside large predators (掠食动物). Preventing conflict from happening in the first place is an essential first step. Governments and conservation organizations can invest in early warning systems, structures for protection against predators and other measures to prevent human-tiger conflicts. When conflicts do occur, measures to reduce their impacts, like insurance projects, are important. Finally, the most important element of human-tiger coexistence (共存) is an equitable (公正的) and inclusive approach to conservation. Local communities should have a voice in developing and carrying out conservation strategies. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The benefit of ecotourism. B．The value of protecting tiger habitats. C．The necessity of planting forests. D．The influence of tigers on agriculture. 2．How is paragraph 3 mainly developed? A．By giving examples. B．By showing differences. C．By presenting problems. D．By providing research results. 3．What may cause people’s lack of enthusiasm towards increasing tiger populations? A．The increased illegal hunting. B．The investment required. C．The previous failures. D．The potential risks. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Protecting Tiger Habitats and Human Habitats B．Strategies for Preventing Human-Tiger Conflicts C．Challenges and Opportunities in Human-Tiger Coexistence D．The Role of Local Communities in Tiger Conservation Efforts 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了保护老虎的栖息地和生态系统服务的好处，以及保护老虎所带来的挑战。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Protecting and improving tiger habitats can lead to the protection of thousands of other species, as well as important ecosystem services that benefit nations and the people who live in and close to these habitats. (保护和改善老虎栖息地可以保护数千种其他物种以及重要的生态系统服务，使生活在这些栖息地及其附近的国家和人民受益。)”以及最后一句“They also attract ecotourism and support agriculture by providing fresh water, safeguarding soil and regulating (调节) local weather. (它们还通过提供淡水、保护土壤和调节当地天气来吸引生态旅游和支持农业。)”可知，本段主要讲保护老虎的栖息地和生态系统服务对人类有很大的好处，从而强调拯救老虎的重要性。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“In 2010, the governments of 13 tiger range countries finally committed to doubling the number of tigers in the wild and have made great efforts since. In 2022, India reported an increase of 619 tigers since 2018, making it the second nation — after Nepal — to double its wild tiger population compared to the 2010 baseline. On July 29, 2023, the world celebrated International Tiger Day with good news from Bhutan. Its latest tiger population survey reported 131 more tigers living in the wild, a 27% increase from its first systematic survey in 2015. (2010年，13个虎类栖息地国家的政府最终承诺将野生虎的数量增加一倍，并且此后一直在为此努力。2022年，印度报告称自2018年以来野生虎的数量增加了619只，使其成为继尼泊尔之后第二个与2010年基线相比野生虎数量翻倍的国家。2023年7月29日，全世界共同庆祝国际虎日，并从不丹获得了好消息。该国最新的虎类数量调查报告称，野生虎的数量比2015年的首次系统性调查增加了131只，增幅达27%。)”可知，第三段主要是通过举例讲述人们对拯救老虎做出的努力。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“After all, there are challenges ahead such as the possibility of more human-tiger conflicts and reduced Willingness to live alongside large predators. (毕竟，前方还有挑战，比如可能会有更多的人与虎之间的冲突，以及与大型捕食者一起生活的意愿降低。)”可知，潜在的风险可以解释人们对老虎数量增加缺乏热情。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Preventing conflict from happening in the first place is an essential first step. Governments and protection organizations can invest in early warning systems, structures for protection against predators and other measures to prevent human-tiger conflicts. When conflicts do occur, measures to reduce their impacts, like insurance projects, are important: Finally, the most important part of human-tiger coexistence(共存) is an fair and inclusive way to protection. Local communities should have a voice in developing and carrying out protection strategies. (首先，防止冲突的发生是至关重要的第一步。政府和保护组织可以投资于预警系统、防御捕食者的结构和其他预防人虎冲突的措施。当冲突确实发生时，采取措施减少其影响，如保险项目，是很重要的：最后，人虎共存最重要的部分是公平和包容的保护方式。当地社区应在制定和实施保护战略方面拥有发言权。)”以及本文主要讲述了保护老虎的栖息地和生态系统服务的好处，以及保护老虎所带来的挑战。所以C项“人虎共存的挑战与机遇”最符合文章标题。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·安徽宣城·期末） It’s a hot afternoon, and a group of boys in Nigeria, India, Vietnam or other places, have gone out to their local landfills to work. Their job? Breaking open old phones and computers to remove precious metals so that they can be sold for cash. But where did these mountains of electronic waste come from, and what can be done? Each year, millions of electrical and electronic devices are thrown away because they are broken or simply unwanted. These thrown items, called electronic waste or e-waste, contribute to the fastest-growing solid waste in the world. Common e-waste items include computers, mobile phones and large household appliances, as well as medical equipment. Due to certain materials in these devices, they can become a threat to the environment and to human health if not handled properly. Many materials, such as lead (铅), used in electronics are on the World Health Organization’ s (WHO) list of 10 chemicals of public concern. When e-waste is thrown into landfills, these poisonous materials can pollute the soil and water, damaging the environment. On the other hand, electronics often contain valuable yet heavy metals like gold and silver, all of which are difficult and risky to take out by hand due to cuts on the hands. But other processing techniques like melting or using acid baths pollute the air and water. Exposure to these materials can cause breathing problems, cancer and brain diseases. The problem of e-waste is severe and growing, but here are three ways that can help turn the tide. First, recycling allows certain working parts in old devices to be reborn. Next, instead of replacing broken devices, see if you can extend their life by repairing them. Finally, if you have a working device that you’re no longer using, consider donating it to a school or charity. Together, we can make a difference. 1．Why does the author mention the group of boys? A．To offer detailed information. B．To raise a relevant question. C．To introduce their job. D．To describe a social phenomenon. 2．What can we learn about e-waste from paragraph 2? A．It comes from various possible sources. B．It’s mainly unwanted files in the computer. C．It’s the fastest-growing garbage worldwide. D．It doesn’t threaten the Earth but human health. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The complex formation of e-waste. B．The correct treatment of e-waste. C．The surprising value of e-waste. D．The potential danger of e-waste. 4．What does the underlined phrase “turn the tide” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Satisfy the demand. B．Improve the quality. C．Solve the problem. D．Update the technology. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了电子垃圾的危害及解决办法。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s a hot afternoon, and a group of boys in Nigeria, India, Vietnam or other places, have gone out to their local landfills to work. Their job? Breaking open old phones and computers to remove precious metals so that they can be sold for cash. But where did these mountains of electronic waste come from, and what can be done? (这是一个炎热的下午，尼日利亚、印度、越南或其他地方的一群男孩前往当地的垃圾填埋场工作。他们的工作是什么？拆开旧手机和电脑，取出其中的贵金属，以便将其出售换钱。但这些堆积如山的电子垃圾究竟从何而来，又该如何处理呢？)”可推知，作者提到这群男孩是为了提出一个相关的问题。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Each year, millions of electrical and electronic devices are thrown away because they are broken or simply unwanted. (每年，数以百万计的电气和电子设备因损坏或不再需要而被丢弃。)”以及“Common e-waste items include computers, mobile phones and large household appliances, as well as medical equipment. Due to certain materials in these devices, they can become a threat to the environment and to human health if not handled properly. (常见的电子垃圾物品包括电脑、手机、大型家用电器以及医疗设备。由于这些设备中含有某些特定材料，如果处理不当，它们可能会对环境和人类健康构成威胁。)”可推知，从本段我们可以确定电子垃圾来源于各种可能的渠道。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Many materials, such as lead (铅), used in electronics are on the World Health Organization’ s (WHO) list of 10 chemicals of public concern. When e-waste is thrown into landfills, these poisonous materials can pollute the soil and water, damaging the environment. On the other hand, electronics often contain valuable yet heavy metals like gold and silver, all of which are difficult and risky to take out by hand due to cuts on the hands. But other processing techniques like melting or using acid baths pollute the air and water. Exposure to these materials can cause breathing problems, cancer and brain diseases. (许多用于电子产品的材料，如铅，均被列入世界卫生组织（WHO）列出的10种公众关注的有害化学物质清单之中。当电子废弃物被丢弃进垃圾填埋场时，这些有毒物质会污染土壤和水源，从而破坏环境。另一方面，电子设备通常含有像金和银这样的珍贵但又沉重的金属，由于手部会有割伤，所以用手直接取出这些金属既困难又危险。但其他处理技术，如熔化或使用酸浴，会污染空气和水源。接触这些物质可能会导致呼吸问题、癌症和脑部疾病。)”以及全段内容可知，第三段主要讲了电子垃圾的潜在危险。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子“The problem of e-waste is severe and growing (电子垃圾问题严重且在不断加剧)”以及后面“First, recycling allows certain working parts in old devices to be reborn. Next, instead of replacing broken devices, see if you can extend their life by repairing them. Finally, if you have a working device that you’ re no longer using, consider donating it to a school or charity. (首先，回收利用可以让旧设备中的某些可用部件重获新生。其次，与其更换损坏的设备，不如看看是否可以通过修理来延长它们的使用寿命。最后，如果你有一个不再使用的可用设备，考虑把它捐赠给学校或慈善机构。)”可知，这里说的是有三种方法可以帮助解决电子垃圾的问题，所以“turn the tide”意思是“解决这种情况”。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·安徽滁州·期末） A major ice shelf in Antarctica appears to have survived a period of hot temperatures more than 120,000 years ago, indicating that West Antarctic ice sheets may not be as much at risk as we thought. “It’s good news and it’s bad news,” says Eric Wolf at the University of Cambridge, UK. “We didn’t get the worst case. But I can’t say this wouldn’t happen in the next century or two.” Wolff and his colleagues observed the Ronne ice shelf, a large section of the ice sheet that extends into the ocean, to see how it behaved between 117,000 and 126,000 years ago. During that time, changes in Earth’s orbit raised Antarctic temperatures even higher than they are today. To determine the extent of the Ronne ice shelf during that warm period, the researchers measured concentrations (浓度) of sea salt in an ice core drilled about 650 kilometres away from the shelf’s edge. If the ice shelf had melted during the warm period, its edge would have drawn closer to the core’s location. As a result, the researchers expected salt concentrations in the core would rise eight times during those years, because the core’s location would have been much closer to the open ocean. Instead, they found salt concentrations were similar or even lower than those of today, indicating that the edge of the ice sheet remained far away. The ice’s stability at that time suggests a lower possibility that the West Antarctic ice sheet will fall apart as climate change drives up global temperatures. “It implies there was not a complete melting of western Antarctica, but it doesn’t give us enough information to relax,” says Wolff. “The survival of the Ronne ice shelf doesn’t mean that other areas of ice, like the Thwaites or Pine Island glaciers didn’t melt.” The dynamics of warming in that warm period, which varied by region, are also different from global warming today, when temperatures are rising across the whole planet. For example, warmer ocean waters reaching Antarctica could speed up melt by advancing under the ice. 1．What happened around 120,000 years ago according to the first two paragraphs? A．The Ronne ice shelf disappeared. B．Antarctic was warmer than today. C．Earth’s orbit was raised higher than today. D．West Antarctic ice sheets expanded. 2．Why did the researchers measure the salt concentration in the ice core? A．To define the range of the Ronne ice shelf. B．To calculate the density of ocean waters. C．To analyze ancient ocean temperatures. D．To track the movement of the Ronne ice shelf. 3．What does the ice core salt concentration imply? A．Lower concentration indicates a larger shelf. B．Lower concentration causes a faster ice melting. C．Higher concentration suggests a colder ocean. D．Higher concentration brings a warmer climate. 4．What does the survival of the Ronne ice shelf suggest? A．The ice in other regions remained stable. B．The climate models were the same then as now. C．The West Antarctic ice sheet is less likely to melt. D．The most dangerous period of the West Antarctic ice sheet has passed. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南极洲的Ronne冰架在12万多年前的一个炎热时期幸存下来，这表明南极西部冰原的风险较小，但并非没有未来的担忧。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“During that time, changes in Earth’s orbit raised Antarctic temperatures even higher than they are today.(在那个时期，地球轨道的变化使南极温度比现在还要高。)”可知，这里的“that time”指的就是120,000年前左右的时期。所以可以推断出大约120,000年前南极比现在暖和。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“To determine the extent of the Ronne ice shelf during that warm period, the researchers measured concentrations of sea salt in an ice core drilled about 650 kilometres away from the shelf’s edge.(为了确定在那段温暖时期罗恩冰架的范围，研究人员测量了距离冰架边缘约650公里处钻取的冰芯中的海盐浓度。)”可知，研究人员测量冰芯中的盐浓度是为了确定Ronne冰架的范围。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“If the ice shelf had melted during the warm period, its edge would have drawn closer to the core’s location. As a result, the researchers expected salt concentrations in the core would rise eight times during those years, because the core’s location would have been much closer to the open ocean.( 如果冰架在温暖时期融化，它的边缘会更靠近冰芯的位置。结果，研究人员预计在那些年里冰芯中的盐浓度会上升八倍，因为冰芯的位置会更靠近开阔的海洋。)”以及第四段中“Instead, they found salt concentrations were similar or even lower than those of today, indicating that the edge of the ice sheet remained far away.(相反，他们发现盐浓度与今天相似甚至更低，这表明冰盖的边缘仍然很远。)”可知，盐浓度低意味着冰架的边缘离冰芯位置远，即冰架范围大。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“The ice’s stability at that time suggests a lower possibility that the West Antarctic ice sheet will fall apart as climate change drives up global temperatures.( 当时冰的稳定性表明，随着气候变化导致全球气温上升，南极西部冰盖解体的可能性较低。)”可推知，Ronne冰架的幸存体现了当时冰的稳定性，也就意味着南极西部冰盖不太可能融化。故选C项。 主题01 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·安徽马鞍山·期末） A new study on baby birds shows that traffic noise can affect their growth and lead to lifelong harm. The finding raises new concerns about the effect of noise pollution on wildlife — and humans as well. Researchers already knew too much noise is likely to disturb birds, making it more difficult for the parents to communicate with and care for their baby birds. But it wasn’t clear whether the noise itself could directly harm young birds. Mylene Mariette, a behavioral ecologist at Deakin University, and her team set out to answer that question with birds held on campus in Melbourne, Australia. For 5 nights in a row, they played eggs either road noise or bird songs for several hours. The sounds were kept at a volume of 65 decibels （分贝）— about the same loudness as a conversation in a bar or city traffic. Other eggs were left in silence. After the eggs hatched, the baby birds received one of two treatments — road noise or bird songs — for another 9 nights. The baby birds heard the sounds in a separate room, and then were returned to their nests. Eggs exposed to traffic sounds were 19% less likely to hatch compared with those exposed to the sound of songs. It shows a clear effect of traffic noise, Mariette says. As the baby birds developed, they also showed worrying development signs. Those exposed to noise grew slower. Moreover, when those birds grew up, they had about half as many offspring （后代） as the birds exposed to songs as youngsters. Hans Slabbekoorn, an ecologist and animal behavior expert at Leiden University, notes that these concerns apply to humans as well. “The findings suggest that the acoustic （听觉的） environment of birds in cities and along highways should be better managed,” he writes, “and that the acoustic comfort in hospital environments for pregnant mothers and babies requires special attention.” Eventually, the research might help reveal how much and in what ways noise pollution should be reduced. 1．What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on about the study? A．Its process. B．Its result. C．Its difficulty. D．Its purpose. 2．How are the findings explained in paragraph 4? A．By giving examples. B．By analyzing reasons. C．By making comparisons. D．By making predictions. 3．What do the findings indicate? A．Move the birds from cities to protected areas. B．Make laws to close highways and other noisy places. C．Educate people on the bad effects of noise pollution. D．Pay special attention to the hospital environment for babies. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Traffic noise helps birds communicate B．Scientists have found ways to reduce noise C．Hospital environments are greatly affected D．Traffic noise causes lifelong harm to baby birds 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇科普说明文，主要讲述了一项新的研究发现，交通噪音会影响小鸟的成长并导致终身伤害，这也引发了对噪音污染对野生动物和人类影响的新的担忧。 1．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Mylene Mariette, a behavioral ecologist at Deakin University, and her team set out to answer that question with birds held on campus in Melbourne, Australia. For 5 nights in a row, they played eggs either road noise or bird songs for several hours. The sounds were kept at a volume of 65 decibels （分贝）—about the same loudness as a conversation in a bar or city traffic. Other eggs were left in silence. After the eggs hatched, the baby birds received one of two treatments—road noise or bird songs—for another 9 nights. The baby birds heard the sounds in a separate room, and then were returned to their nests.”（迪肯大学的行为生态学家Mylene Mariette和她的团队开始用澳大利亚墨尔本校园里饲养的鸟类来回答这个问题。连续5个晚上，他们连续几个小时播放道路噪音或鸟鸣。这些声音的音量被控制在65分贝——大约与酒吧里的谈话或城市交通中的声音相同。其他的蛋被静静地留在那里。蛋孵化后，雏鸟在接下来的9个晚上接受两种处理方式中的一种——道路噪音或鸟鸣。幼鸟在一个单独的房间里听到了这些声音，然后被送回了它们的巢。）可知，第三段主要关于研究的过程。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Eggs exposed to traffic sounds were 19% less likely to hatch compared with those exposed to the sound of songs. It shows a clear effect of traffic noise, Mariette says. As the baby birds developed, they also showed worrying development signs. Those exposed to noise grew slower. Moreover, when those birds grew up, they had about half as many offspring （后代） as the birds exposed to songs as youngsters.”（与那些暴露在歌声中的蛋相比，暴露在交通声音中的蛋孵化的可能性要低19%。Mariette说，这显示了交通噪音的明显影响。随着幼鸟的发育，它们也表现出令人担忧的发育迹象。那些暴露在噪音中的鸟生长得更慢。此外，当这些鸟长大后，它们的后代数量大约是幼年时听过歌声的鸟的一半。）可知，第4段通过对比解释调查结果。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The findings suggest that the acoustic （听觉的） environment of birds in cities and along highways should be better managed,” he writes, “and that the acoustic comfort in hospital environments for pregnant mothers and babies requires special attention.”（研究结果表明，城市和高速公路沿线鸟类的声环境应该得到更好的管理，”他写道，“医院环境中孕妇和婴儿的声舒适需要特别注意。”）可知，要特别注意婴儿的医院环境。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study on baby birds shows that traffic noise can affect their growth and lead to lifelong harm.”（一项关于幼鸟的新研究表明，交通噪音会影响它们的生长，并导致终身伤害。）可知，主要讲述了一项新的研究发现，交通噪音会影响小鸟的成长并导致终身伤害，这也引发了对噪音污染对野生动物和人类影响的新的担忧。所以短文的标题为“交通噪音对幼鸟造成终身伤害”。故选D。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·安徽芜湖·期末） Plastic is everywhere, from the Arctic ice to vital organs in the human body. In fact, previous estimates suggest that the average person swallows a credit card-worth of microscopic plastic particles(颗粒) every week. But new research shows that this could actually be an understatement. Microplastics are plastics smaller than 5 millimeters, found in industrial waste, beauty products, and formed during the degradation of larger plastic pieces. Over time, they break down into even smaller nanoplastics. These tiny particles can pass through our intestines and lungs into our bloodstreams, reaching vital organs like the heart and brain. While the idea of eating plastic is unsettling in itself, the major concern here is that these plastic particles contain chemicals that can interrupt our body’s natural release of hormones, potentially increasing our risk of reproductive disorders and certain cancers. They can also carry toxins(毒素) on their surface like heavy metals. In the past, researchers have shown bottled water can contain tens of thousands of identifiable plastic fragments in a single container. However, until recently, only the larger microplastics were detectable with available measuring tools, leaving the area of nanoplastics largely a mystery. Using Raman microscopy (显微镜学), capable of detecting particles down to the size of a flu virus, the team measured an average of 240, 000 particles of plastic per liter of bottled water, 90 percent of which were nanoplastics, a revelation 10 to 100 times larger than previous estimates. These plastics likely originate from the bottle material, filters used to “purify” the water, and the source water itself. “It is not totally unexpected to find so much of this stuff, ” the study’s lead author, Columbia graduate student Naixin Qian, said in a statement. His team hopes to expand their research into tap water and other water sources to better inform our exposure to these potentially dangerous particles. “The idea is that the smaller things get, the more of them I reveal, ” he added. 1．What is the primary focus of the new research? A．The presence of plastic particles. B．The use of plastic in everyday products. C．The detection methods for microplastics. D．The potential risks of nanoplastics to human. 2．What is the advantage of Raman microscopy? A．Finding the source of plastic particles. B．Helping to cure the deadly flu virus. C．Detecting the smaller plastic particles. D．Improving the quality of bottled water. 3．Why will the team expand their research into tap water? A．To focus on areas with higher plastic pollution. B．To be aware of the dangerous particles in daily life. C．To further measure the types of particles in tap water. D．To detect the smaller plastic particles in industrial areas. 4．What is Qian’s attitude towards his research? A．Skeptical. B．Objective. C．Conservative. D．Positive. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究揭示微塑料和纳米塑料对人体健康的潜在影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“While the idea of eating plastic is unsettling in itself, the major concern here is that these plastic particles contain chemicals that can interrupt our body’s natural release of hormones, potentially increasing our risk of reproductive disorders and certain cancers. They can also carry toxins(毒素) on their surface like heavy metals.( 虽然吃塑料的想法本身就令人不安，但主要的担忧是，这些塑料颗粒含有的化学物质会中断我们身体自然释放的激素，可能会增加我们患生殖障碍和某些癌症的风险。它们的表面也会携带重金属等毒素。)” 可知，新研究的焦点是纳米塑料对人体可能造成的风险。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Using Raman microscopy (显微镜学), capable of detecting particles down to the size of a flu virus, the team measured an average of 240, 000 particles of plastic per liter of bottled water, 90 percent of which were nanoplastics, a revelation 10 to 100 times larger than previous estimates.(利用拉曼显微镜，能够检测到流感病毒大小的颗粒，研究小组测量到每升瓶装水中平均有24万个塑料颗粒，其中90%是纳米塑料，比之前估计的要大10到100倍。)”可知，拉曼显微镜学的优势是能够检测到非常小的塑料颗粒。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“His team hopes to expand their research into tap water and other water sources to better inform our exposure to these potentially dangerous particles.(他的团队希望将他们的研究扩展到自来水和其他水源，以更好地了解我们接触这些潜在危险颗粒的情况。)”可以推断出，研究小组将研究扩展到自来水等其他水源是为了让人们意识到在日常生活中面临的颗粒风险。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Qian的话 “It is not totally unexpected to find so much of this stuff(发现这么多这种东西并不完全出乎意料) ” 及 “The idea is that the smaller things get, the more of them I reveal(我的想法是，东西越小，我揭示的东西就越多)” 可知他并不对发现大量微塑料感到完全意外，并且研究对象越小，揭示的就会越多，因此可以推断出Qian对他的研究持积极态度。故选D。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·阜阳一中·期末） Back in 1807, London became the first city on the planet to have a street lit up by gaslight lamps. For the city’s residents, it seemed like an extraordinary thing to have evening turned into a version of daytime. But more than two centuries later, artificial light has spread across so much of the planet that it has become a threat to us as well as the environment. The extent of light pollution is evidenced by a study in the journal Science Advances, in which researchers used measurements taken by satellites to study the artificial brightness of Earth’s surface at nighttime. They found the artificially lit outdoor area grew at a rate of 2.2% per year. But those increases are just part of the story. Christopher Kyba, a scientist at German Research Center, says the increasing transition to high-efficiency LED lamps for outdoor lighting, which were regarded by most people originally as a way to reduce our dependence upon fossil (化石的) fuels and slow climate change, may not be saving as much electricity as expected. The American Medical Association added that the wavelengths (波长) at which the lights operate control the hormone that helps us to sleep. “It is estimated that white LED lamps have a much greater impact on people’s sleep than the former streetlights.” Research shows that such impact may be a significant aspect inducing fatness and other physical disorders. Many species on Earth are active at night, and electric lighting, especially dusk to dawn lighting, represents damage to the environment of these species. A study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, for example, found powerful beams of light from the National September 11 Memorial and Museum changed the flight paths and speed of 1.1 million migrating birds over a seven-day period alone. And in Florida, light pollution along beaches is disturbing sea turtles having babies, resulting in thousands of young animals’ dying each year. But perhaps the most obvious thing about light pollution is that much of it results from wasteful light that isn’t necessary, according to Kyba, who estimates that it could be reduced by five to ten times. “I think we should be asking as taxpayers (纳税人). Why are we paying for lights that shine uselessly into people’s windows and disturb their sleep?” 1．What did most people use to think of LED light s according to Paragraph 2? A．They would be beneficial to people's sleep. B．They could be used to reduce light pollution. C．They would contribute to serious global warming. D．They could make people depend less on fossil fuels. 2．What does the underlined word “inducing” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Causing. B．Marking. C．Preventing. D．Reducing. 3．Why did the author mention migrating birds and sea turtles in Paragraph 3? A．To present the sources of light pollution. B．To show the influence of light pollution on animals. C．To compare the sleeping habits of different animals. D．To highlight the strong adaptability of particular animals. 4．Which of the following can be Kyba’s suggestion? A．Avoiding arranging unnecessary lights. B．Improving the function of streetlights. C．Calling on taxpayers to protect animals. D．Decreasing the great pressure on taxpayers. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了光污染的问题，指出尽管人造光给生活带来了便利，但它也对人类和环境造成了严重的威胁。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“the increasing transition to high-efficiency LED lamps for outdoor lighting, which were regarded by most people originally as a way to reduce our dependence upon fossil (化石的) fuels and slow climate change, may not be saving as much electricity as expected.(越来越多的户外照明转向高效率的LED灯，最初被大多数人认为是减少我们对化石燃料的依赖和减缓气候变化的一种方式，可能并没有像预期的那样节省那么多电力。)”可知，根据第二段，大多数人过去对LED灯的看法是它们可以使人们减少对化石燃料的依赖。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据上文““It is estimated that white LED lamps have a much greater impact on people’s sleep than the former streetlights.”(“据估计，白色LED灯对人们睡眠的影响要比以前的路灯大得多。”)”可知，上文提到的这种影响可能是导致肥胖和其他身体疾病的一个重要方面。由此可知，inducing意为“引起，导致”。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“And in Florida, light pollution along beaches is disturbing sea turtles having babies, resulting in thousands of young animals’ dying each year.(在佛罗里达州，海滩上的光污染正在干扰海龟产卵，导致每年成千上万的小动物死亡。)”可知，作者在第三段提到候鸟和海龟是为了展示光污染对动物的影响。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But perhaps the most obvious thing about light pollution is that much of it results from wasteful light that isn’t necessary, according to Kyba, who estimates that it could be reduced by five to ten times.(但Kyba认为，关于光污染最明显的一点可能是，大部分光污染是由不必要的光浪费造成的，他估计光污染可以减少五到十倍。)”可知，Kyba建议避免布置不必要的灯光。故选A。 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·安徽阜阳·期末） You see a woman on the street who looks familiar — but you can’t remember how you know her. Your brain cannot attach any previous experiences to this person. Hours later, you suddenly recall the party at a friend’s house where you met her, and you realize who she is. In a new study in mice, researchers have discovered the place in the brain that is responsible for both types of familiarity — vague (模糊的) recognition and complete recollection. Both, moreover, are represented by two distinct neural (神经系统的) codes. The brain’s signature for strangers turns out to be simpler than the one used for old friends — which makes sense, says study co-author Steven Siegelbaum, given the vastly different memory requirements for the two relationships. “Where you were, what you were doing, when you were doing it, who else was there — the memory of a familiar individual is a much richer memory,” Siegelbaum says. “If you’re meeting a stranger, there’s nothing to recollect.” The action occurs in a small sliver (小块) of a brain region called the hippocampus, known for its importance in forming memories. The sliver in question, known as CA2, seems to specialize in a certain kind of memory used to recall relationships. “The new work really emphasizes the importance of this brain area to social processing, at least in mice,” says Serena Dudek, a neuroscientist at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, who was not involved in the study. CA2 is unlikely to act alone in this process because it connects to other brain regions that also play roles in social learning, memory and behavior, Dudek says. But if the findings in mice apply to humans, the work could help researchers uncover the roots of social difficulties in people. From there, researchers might find ways to improve social memory. “How many different disorders of memory are there?” Siegelbaum says. “Do they all involve the same type of changes in neural processing, or are there more specific changes that are associated with different forms of disease?” Having a better way to classify these changes may lead to more targeted treatments, he adds. 1．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic. B．To provide an example. C．To describe a funny experience. D．To complain about the bad memory. 2．Why is the brain’s signature for strangers simpler than that for old friends? A．Strangers leave a stronger impression. B．The brain processes strangers differently. C．Memories of old friends are easier to recollect. D．There are different memory requirements to meet. 3．What does the study find about CA2? A．It connects to other brain regions specialized in learning. B．It is responsible for refreshing one’s visual memories. C．It is dedicated to the memory related to relationships. D．It plays a role in regulating people’s social behavior. 4．What does Siegelbaum suggest about the study? A．It should include more species. B．It provides conclusive answers. C．It deserves more media attention. D．It needs further research in future. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于大脑中负责识别熟悉感的区域的新研究。研究发现了小鼠海马体中的CA2区域，该区域对唤起与人际关系有关的记忆具有重要作用。如果这一发现同样适用于人类，研究人员就能找到人类社交障碍的根源，制定更具针对性的治疗方案。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“You see a woman on the street who looks familiar—but you can’t remember how you know her. Your brain cannot attach any previous experiences to this person. Hours later, you suddenly recall the party at a friend’s house where you met her, and you realize who she is. (你在街上看到一个看起来很面熟的女人——但你不记得你是怎么认识她的。你的大脑无法将以往的历与这个人联系起来。几小时后，你突然想起在朋友家的聚会上你遇到了她，你意识到她是谁。)”以及第二段“ In a new study in mice, researchers have discovered the place in the brain that is responsible for both types of familiarity—vague(模糊的) recognition and complete recollection. Both, moreover, are represented by two distinct neural (神经系统的) codes. (在一项针对老鼠的新研究中，研究人员发现了大脑中负责两种类型熟悉的地方——模糊识别和完整回忆。此外，两者都由两种不同的神经编码表示。)”可知，第一段旨在引出下文要介绍的内容：大脑中负责识别熟悉感的区域。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The brain’s signature for strangers turns out to be simpler than the one used for old friends—which makes sense, says study co-author Steven Siegelbaum, given the vastly different memory requirements for the two relationships. (研究报告的合著者史蒂文·西格尔鲍姆说，考虑到这两种关系对记忆的要求截然不同，大脑对陌生人的记忆要比对老朋友的记忆简单得多，这是有道理的。)” 可知，关于陌生人的大脑签名比老朋友的简单，因为我们对于陌生人没有什么可以回想的东西，关于二者我们需要记下的内容不同。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The sliver in question, known as CA2, seems to specialize in a certain kind of memory used to recall relationships. (所讨论的CA2，似乎专门研究一种用来回忆关系的某种记忆。)” 可知，CA2专门用于唤醒与人际关系相关的记忆。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ ‘How many different disorders of memory are there?” Siegelbaum says. “Do they all involve the same type of changes in neural processing, or are there more specific changes that are associated with different forms of disease?’ Having a better way to classify these changes may lead to more targeted treatments, he adds. (“一共有多少种不同的记忆障碍?”据Siegelbaum说。“它们是否都涉及神经处理过程中相同类型的变化，还是存在与不同形式的疾病相关的更具体的变化?”他补充说，有了更好的方法对这些变化进行分类，可能会导致更有针对性的治疗。)”可知Siegelbaum认为这项研究还有许多可以挖掘的地方，如果继续下去，就有可能让治疗更具针对性。由此可推知，他认为该研究在未来还应继续下去。故选D项。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·安徽安庆·期末） Plants can often tell when they’re in danger — by smell. But not all leaves can smell threats equally well. In corn plants, baby leaves do this best, new data showed. “They sense this — like OK, danger is at the corner, we better prepare,” says Lei Wang. He’s a plant biologist at the University of Ben in Switzerland. He and his colleagues shared the new findings in Current Biology. Many plants strengthen their chemical protection when they are about to be eaten by insects. One way plants senis such threats is through scent (气味). They can detect odor molecules (气味分子) floating through the air. Such odors may come from an insect’s saliva (唾液) or from nearby injured plants. But scientists don’t know which parts of plants sense danger. (Obviously, plants don’t have noses. ) And they know even less about what goes on inside plants for them to process: danger! Wang and his team set out to study this warning system in corn plants. But they ran into a problem. When exposed to “threat” scents, adult leaves didn’t respond much. The researchers turned to baby leaves instead. In the lab, young corn leaves seemed better able to sense danger than older ones. They responded more strongly to a common danger-signaling scent. (It smells like freshly cut grass. ) It’s not clear why young corn leaves smell trouble better than older ones do. Maybe it helps protect these more weak leaves. Or, since young leaves often grow at the top of a plant, they might better detect scents blowing from long distances. These questions will need more study. Wang hopes his research can help create smarter crops that are better at resisting insects. In the long run, that should reduce the need for pesticides. “My parents are farmers,” Wang says. “So this research is not just to satisfy my curiosity. I really want to solve some urgent questions in agriculture.” 1．What do plants detect through scent? A．Injuries of other plants. B．Saliva of nearby insects. C．Odor molecules in the air. D．Threats from their environment. 2．Why did Wang and his team turn to study baby leaves? A．Baby leaves were easier to study. B．Baby leaves were more likely to be hurt by threats. C．Adult leaves didn’t respond to “threat” scents at all. D．They can conduct the study more effectively. 3．What does Wang expect his research will lead to? A．The development of smarter pesticides. B．The creation of more insect-resistant crops. C．The production of stronger smelling crops. D．The improvement of farmers’ living conditions. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To explain how plants detect threats. B．To introduce a new way of protecting plants. C．To report on a study about plants’ warning system. D．To discuss the importance of plant biology research. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了植物如何通过气味感知威胁，特别是玉米植物的嫩叶在这方面表现得更为出色，同时还提到科学家对这一现象的研究，以及这一发现可能带来的农业应用前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Many plants strengthen their chemical protection when they are about to be eaten by insects. One way plants senis such threats is through scent (气味). They can detect odor molecules (气味分子) floating through the air. Such odors may come from an insect’s saliva (唾液) or from nearby injured plants.(许多植物在即将被昆虫吃掉时加强了它们的化学防护。植物识别这种威胁的一种方法是通过气味。它们可以探测到漂浮在空气中的气味分子。这种气味可能来自昆虫的唾液或附近受伤的植物。)”可知，植物通过气味感知威胁，它们可以检测到空气中漂浮的气味分子，这些气味可能来自昆虫的唾液或附近受伤的植物，由此可知，植物通过气味检测的是来自它们环境的威胁。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“When exposed to “threat” scents, adult leaves didn’t respond much. The researchers turned to baby leaves instead. In the lab, young corn leaves seemed better able to sense danger than older ones. They responded more strongly to a common danger-signaling scent.(当暴露于“威胁”气味时，成年树叶没有太大反应。研究人员转而研究幼叶。在实验室里，年轻的玉米叶片似乎比年老的玉米叶片更能感知危险。它们对一种常见的危险信号气味反应更强烈。)”可知，他们先研究成年叶子，成年叶子几乎没有反应，因此转而研究嫩叶，而嫩叶对危险有明显的反应；由此可知，选用嫩叶有助于他们更有效地开展研究。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Wang hopes his research can help create smarter crops that are better at resisting insects.(王希望他的研究可以帮助创造更聪明的作物，更好地抵抗昆虫。)”可知，王希望他的研究能创造更聪明的作物来抵抗昆虫；由此可知，王希望他的研究能够创造出更抗虫的作物。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据首段“Plants can often tell when they’re in danger—by smell. But not all leaves can smell threats equally well. In corn plants, baby leaves do this best, new data showed.(植物通常可以通过气味判断自己是否处于危险之中。但并不是所有的叶子都能很好地闻到威胁。新数据显示，在玉米植株中，幼叶在这方面做得最好。)”以及下文中对该项研究的介绍和分析可知，文章主要报道了一项关于植物预警系统的研究，特别是玉米植物的嫩叶如何通过气味感知威胁，由此可知，文章的主要目的是报道这项研究。故选C项。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·安徽芜湖·期末） The Internet’s carbon footprint is as bad as air travel. While it is difficult to measure precisely, estimates place it at over two percent of global greenhouse gas emissions(排放)—the same as the air travel. Information may appear to spread around the world unseen to our eyes, but it actually passes through enormous data centers placed strategically about the globe, which store, organize and deliver everyone’s data. These centers are extremely energy intensive. In the EU, they consume close to three percent of its total energy usage and also require lots of water to prevent their computers from overheating. In the US, about a fifth of data centers draw water from already stressed water sources. A typical spam email(垃圾邮件)emits around 0.03g of CO2 emissions, though longer messages read on a laptop can go all the way up to 26g. Now multiply that by 333 billion(roughly the number of emails that get sent every day in 2022). That puts all those work emails into perspective. One study found if every British adult sent one less “thank you” email a day, it would save 16, 433 tons of carbon a year. It even predicted that the ICT industry could account for up to a fifth of the world’s energy consumption by 2025. However, there are measures that we can take to reduce our digital carbon footprint. For instance, you can unsubscribe from marketing and other spam emails and only subscribe to newsletters that you still regularly read. Have regular data checks where you delete old contact lists and other documents that no longer have any use. Keep a clean inbox and delete emails you no longer need. 1．Why does the author make a comparison in the beginning? A．To present the digital carbon footprint. B．To emphasize the importance of air travel. C．To advise people not to travel by airplane. D．To inform the disadvantages of the Internet. 2．What can we infer about data centers? A．It enjoys a wide popularity. B．It has various kinds of functions. C．It causes large energy consumption. D．It has quite a complex mode of operation. 3．What’s the purpose of mentioning the figures in Paragraph 3? A．To draw the readers’ attention. B．To illustrate a certain information. C．To highlight the change of CO2 emission. D．To stress the importance of reducing CO2 emission. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards reducing digital carbon footprint? A．Neutral. B．Optimistic. C．Unfavorable. D．Concerned. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了在数字时代，网络数据的储存、组织和传送会造成巨大的碳排放，文章建议了几种方法可以减少数字碳足迹。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The Internet’s carbon footprint is as bad as air travel. While it is difficult to measure precisely, estimates place it at over two percent of global greenhouse gas emissions—the same as the air travel.(互联网的碳足迹和航空旅行一样糟糕。虽然难以精确测量，但据估计，它占全球温室气体排放量的2%以上，与航空旅行相同)”可推知，作者在第一段将互联网碳足迹和航空旅行碳足迹相比是为了展示数字碳足迹。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“These centers are extremely energy intensive. In the EU, they consume close to three percent of its total energy usage and also require lots of water to prevent their computers from overheating. In the US, about a fifth of data centers draw water from already stressed water sources.(这些中心都是能源密集型的。在欧盟，电脑消耗了近3%的总能源消耗，而且还需要大量的水来防止电脑过热。在美国，大约五分之一的数据中心从已经紧张的水源中取水)”可推知，数据中心造成了大量的能源消耗。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“A typical spam email(垃圾邮件)emits around 0.03g of CO2 emissions, though longer messages read on a laptop can go all the way up to 26g. Now multiply that by 333 billion(roughly the number of emails that get sent every day in 2022).(一封典型的垃圾邮件的二氧化碳排放量约为0.03克，而在笔记本电脑上阅读较长的信息的二氧化碳排放量可高达26克。现在再乘以3330亿封（大概是2022年每天发送的电子邮件数量）)”及“One study found if every British adult sent one less “thank you” email a day, it would save 16, 433 tons of carbon a year. It even predicted that the ICT industry could account for up to a fifth of the world’s energy consumption by 2025.(一项研究发现，如果每个英国成年人每天少发一封“感谢”邮件，一年就能减少16433吨碳排放。它甚至预测，到2025年，信息通信技术产业将占到世界能源消耗的五分之一)”可知，本段通过列举数字说明了网络数据能造成巨大的碳排放，因此，这一段是为了强调减少二氧化碳排放的重要性。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, there are measures that we can take to reduce our digital carbon footprint.(然而，我们可以采取一些措施来减少我们的数字碳足迹)”及下文提到的几种方法可知，作者认为数字碳足迹问题可以改善，持乐观态度。故选B。 Passage 4 （23-24高二下·安徽六安·期末） Anxiety isn’t funny. When we feel worried or afraid, the last thing we feel like doing is laughing. Finding humor can be difficult when we live with anxiety. However, if we begin to look for humor, we can find that laughter can be a great coping skill. Researchers have discovered that laughter has many benefits. Among the ways laughter lifts us by increasing our overall well-being and boosting our mental health. When we live with anxiety, our stress hormones pulse through us. This makes us feel tense and anxious. Although there are no quick solutions for anything in our life, a good laugh can instantly begin to reduce these harmful stress hormones that are mixed with anxiety. Laughter gets to work immediately, and a regular “diet” of laughter continues to decrease anxiety over time. The act of laughing is similar to deep breathing in its ability to increase the oxygen in our bodies. Combined with reducing stress hormones, the increased oxygen in our bodies helps lead to muscle relaxation. All of this helps reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety. Laughing feels good. It’s addictive and we can keep wanting more. When we laugh regularly, our anxiety begins to decrease. When we have humor and give ourselves a chance to laugh a little bit for even a short while each day, we distract our focus. Rather than seeing the world within or without as a worrying place, we start to see it as a good, safe, and perhaps even fun place. We start to see beyond the anxiety. Sure, the anxiety lingers (徘徊) for a while, but every time we laugh, we can reduce it. Introducing intentional laughter into our life decreases our stress hormones. Breathing deeply during the act of laughing relaxes muscles. Thinking about something funny shifts our focus to new things. Having humor regularly helps our outlook become more positive. 1．What can make us feel nervous? A．Pulsing stress hormones. B．Lacking sense of humour. C．Tiredness and sleepiness. D．Feeling eager to get something. 2．Why is deep breathing mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To compare it with taking exercice. B．To suggest people do it more often. C．To show its importance to the body. D．To explain how laughing reduces anxiety. 3．What does Paragraph 4 focus on in terms of laughter? A．Its functions. B．Its concept. C．Its causes. D．Its disadvantages. 4．Who might need to read the text most? A．A person who has developed a bad habit. B．A person who tends to feel nervous easily. C．A person who is fond of humorous stories. D．A person who can’t get along well with others. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了笑对缓解焦虑的积极作用。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When we live with anxiety, our stress hormones pulse through us. This makes us feel tense and anxious(当我们生活在焦虑中，我们的压力荷尔蒙会在我们体内涌动。这使我们感到紧张和焦虑)”可知，当我们生活在焦虑中时，我们的应激激素在我们体内脉动。这让我们感到紧张和焦虑。由此可知，脉动的应激激素会让我们感到紧张。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The act of laughing is similar to deep breathing in its ability to increase the oxygen in our bodies. Combined with reducing stress hormones, the increased oxygen in our bodies helps lead to muscle relaxation. All of this helps reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety(笑的行为类似于深呼吸，能够增加我们体内的氧气。结合减少压力激素，体内增加的氧气有助于肌肉放松。所有这些都有助于减轻焦虑的身体症状)”可知，笑的行为在增加我们体内氧气的能力上与深呼吸相似。与减少应激激素相结合，我们体内增加的氧气有助于肌肉放松。所有这些都有助于减轻焦虑的身体症状。由此可知，提到深呼吸是为了解释笑如何减轻焦虑。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Laughing feels good. It’s addictive and we can keep wanting more. When we laugh regularly, our anxiety begins to decrease. When we have humor and give ourselves a chance to laugh a little bit for even a short while each day, we distract our focus. Rather than seeing the world within or without as a worrying place, we start to see it as a good, safe, and perhaps even fun place. We start to see beyond the anxiety. Sure, the anxiety lingers (徘徊) for a while, but every time we laugh, we can reduce it(笑感觉很好。它是上瘾的，我们可以一直想要更多。当我们经常笑时，我们的焦虑开始减少。当我们有幽默感并且给自己一个机会每天笑一会儿，哪怕只是短暂的时间，我们的注意力就会分散。而不是把内心或外界的世界看作一个令人担忧的地方，我们开始把它看作是一个好、安全，甚至可能是有趣的地方。我们开始超越焦虑。当然，焦虑会徘徊一段时间，但每次我们笑的时候，我们都可以减轻它)”可知，笑的感觉很好。它让人上瘾。由此可知，第四段关注的是笑的功能。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Anxiety isn’t funny. When we feel worried or afraid, the last thing we feel like doing is laughing. Finding humor can be difficult when we live with anxiety. However, if we begin to look for humor, we can find that laughter can be a great coping skill.(焦虑并不好笑。当我们感到担心或害怕时，我们最不想做的事情就是大笑。当我们生活在焦虑中时，寻找幽默可能很困难。然而，如果我们开始寻找幽默，我们会发现笑声是一种很好的应对技巧。).”，由此可知，本文主要介绍了笑对缓解焦虑的积极作用，因此最容易感到紧张的人最需要阅读这篇文章。故选B项。 Passage 5 （23-24高二下·安徽芜湖·期末） The tea that has delighted and fascinated the world for thousands of years has finally received top-level global recognition as a shared cultural treasure of mankind. China’s traditional tea-making was added on Tuesday to the intangible cultural heritage list of UNESCO. The traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China consist of knowledge, skills and practices concerning the management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, manual(手工的)processing, drinking and sharing of tea. Since ancient times, Chinese people have been planting, picking, making and drinking tea. Tea producers have developed six categories of tea: green, yellow, dark, white, oolong and black teas. Together with reprocessed teas, such as flower-scented teas, there are over 2, 000 tea products in China. Tea-related customs are not only found across the country, but also influence the rest of the world through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes. Tea is ubiquitous in Chinese people’s daily life, as steeped(浸泡)or boiled tea is served in families, workplaces, tea houses, restaurants and temples, etc. It is also an important part of socialization and ceremonies such as weddings and sacrifices. The practice of greeting guests and building relationships within families and among neighbors through tea- related activities is common to multiple ethnic groups, providing a sense of shared identity and continuity for the communities. In China, 44 registered national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea. There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities that have set up majors in tea science or tea culture, resulting in over 3,000 graduates specializing in tea production and art every year, according to the ministry. China now has 43 items on the intangible cultural heritage list, continuing to be the most enlisted country in the world. 1．What can be learnt from the passage? A．Chinese producers developed 44 categories of tea. B．Tea is quite popular with people all over the country. C．More than 2,000 tea products could be found in China. D．There’ re about 300 graduates specializing in tea production every year. 2．What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” probably mean? A．rare B．common C．temporary D．available 3．How does the author emphasize the promotion of tea culture in Paragraph 4? A．By listing figures. B．By making definitions. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons. 4．In which kind of book may this text appear? A．A textbook. B．A travel journal. C．A story book. D．A cultural magazine. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。中国传统文化——茶道被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录，文章介绍了中国茶叶产品种类和传统加工工艺及相关茶文化等。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Together with reprocessed teas, such as flower-scented teas, there are over 2, 000 tea products in China.(再加上花茶等再加工茶叶，中国有2000多种茶叶产品)”可知，在中国可以找到2000多种茶叶产品。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“as steeped(浸泡)or boiled tea is served in families, workplaces, tea houses, restaurants and temples, etc. It is also an important part of socialization and ceremonies such as weddings and sacrifices.(泡茶或煮茶在家庭、工作场所、茶馆、餐馆和寺庙等场所都有供应。它也是社交和婚礼、祭祀等仪式的重要组成部分)”可推知，茶在中国人每日生活中是常见的，划线词与common意思相近。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In China, 44 registered national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea. There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities that have set up majors in tea science or tea culture, resulting in over 3,000 graduates specializing in tea production and art every year, according to the ministry.(在中国，有44个国家级非物质文化遗产项目与茶有关。据该部称，有40多所职业院校和80多所大学开设了茶学或茶文化专业，每年有3000多名专业从事茶叶生产和艺术的毕业生)”可知，本段通过列数字来强调茶文化的推广。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The tea that has delighted and fascinated the world for thousands of years has finally received top-level global recognition as a shared cultural treasure of mankind. China’s traditional tea-making was added on Tuesday to the intangible cultural heritage list of UNESCO.(几千年来一直令世界欣喜和着迷的茶终于作为人类共同的文化瑰宝获得了全球顶级的认可。周二，中国传统的茶道被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了中国传统文化——茶道被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录，同时介绍了中国茶叶产品种类和传统加工工艺及相关茶文化等，因此，本文可能出自一本文化杂志。故选D。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $