专题08 概要写作（期末真题汇编，上海专用）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 高中英语期末概要写作试题汇编，精选上海多所中学期末真题，涵盖人与社会、自我、自然三大主题，聚焦实际应用与思维训练。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |概要写作|6篇|社会现象（如外卖服务增长、育儿方式）、自我管理（如数字干扰、冥想）、自然环境（如植物噪音影响、环保背包）|情境具时代性，如科技（PowerStride背包）、社会热点（登革热传播）；问题设计梯度化，需概括主旨与要点，适配高中英语写作能力要求。|

专题08 概要写作 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·上海市浦东新区川沙中学·期末） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 40 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Do You Find It So Hard to Not Multitask? Most of us do multitasking almost daily. But it’s time to change that. Let’s take the smartphone for example. On average you check your phone 110 times a day—that means you’re spending 23 days every year glued to your smartphone! Habits encouraging you to multitask make you unproductive. But it’s hard to let go of these habits because you’ve conditioned your brain to send misleading signals to your body. Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone. You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and this further encourages your multitasking habit. This rush can also make you overly optimistic, less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes. Multitaskers basically get addicted to this rush which leads them to believe they are being effective when in fact they’re not. To get rid of this multitasking habit so you can find real productivity. You simply have to commit to it and have the self discipline to stick to one task at a time. Just say to yourself: When I walk, I walk. When I talk to someone, I talk to someone. Focus on the one thing you are doing. And like that, you’ve mastered monotasking. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市宜川中学·期末） China’s food delivery services have witnessed extraordinary growth, increasing by an impressive 371% from 2015 to June 2023. In 2015, the nation only had 113.6 million users of food delivery services. By June 2023, this number had soared to 534.88 million. This highlights the rapid embrace of delivery platforms across the country. The demographic landscape (人口统计形势) of China’s online food delivery user base has undergone significant changes. In 2015, white-collar workers comprised 63% of users, while students accounted for 30.5%. By 2019, a dramatic transformation had occurred. White-collar workers now make up 83% of users and students only10%. Furthermore, women constitute 51% of food delivery app users. About 85% of users fall within the 18to 40 age range. Food delivery services in China have surpassed (超过) those in Western countries in popularity. Several reasons can explain this phenomenon. Chinese consumers are notably price-sensitive. In China, food delivery costs are significantly lower. They are only 10 to 20% of U. S. prices. This is due to intense competition among providers like Ele.me and Meituan. These companies are in fierce price wars and offer generous discounts and coupons (优惠券) to customers. This makes online food orders more affordable than dining out. Moreover, China’s demanding work culture and the emerging phenomenon of “lazy cancer” have further contributed to the surge in food delivery usage. Young people in China reflect a wide-spread sense of dislike of cooking. A survey conducted in March 2020 revealed that about 67% of the 7,220 Chinese food delivery users surveyed cited laziness as the reason for ordering instead of dining out. In conclusion, the food delivery industry in China shows the changes of consumer needs. This rapid growth not only reflects the convenience-driven demands of modern life but also showcases the innovation of the food service sector. As such, food delivery is sure to remain an important aspect of Chinese dining habits. It will shape the future landscape of dining experiences and satisfaction for years to come. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市静安区市西中学·期末） The Hidden Cost of Digital Distractions The researchers carried out a study in which people were asked to read a short passage, and then answer questions that tested their understanding of what they had read. Those who were affected by digital distractions during the task performed just 80% as well as the participants who were allowed to do the test in peace. In short, you shouldn’t be surprised digital distractions kill your productivity. Originally, smartphones and other portable devices were designed to maximize convenience, allow us to work on the move, and enhance our productivity. Unfortunately, they have turned into a distraction that often interrupts our daily lives. For example, you might be working on an important presentation, only to be distracted by several e-mail notifications. You then have a choice — do you stop and answer these messages, or do you carry on with your presentation and hope that the sender doesn’t expect an immediate response? Either way, the notification has interrupted your flow and thrown you off course. Every time your attention is diverted from your task, you lose time. It takes effort to get back on track, and repeated interruptions can demotivate you. It can feel as though everyone wants a piece of your time, and that you will never get around to finishing anything. If you are a typical worker, you’ll be distracted every 11 minutes, and it will take you 25 minutes to actually settle down again to your task. The more complicated your project, the longer it takes to regain your focus, because your brain has to put in considerable effort when switching between complex objectives. To tackle the hidden cost of digital distractions, one effective solution is to set specific “focus hours” each day by turning off non-essential notifications and using website blockers to limit access to distracting sites. By managing digital interruptions intentionally, individuals can ensure their devices support their goals instead of getting in the way. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市曹杨中学·期末） Wish You Were More Creative? Just Pretend! One great irony about our collective interest in creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: Either we’re “creative” or we aren’t, without much of a middle ground. “I’m just not a creative person!” a frustrated student might say in art class, while another might blame her talent at painting for her difficulties in math, concluding with a comment such as, “I’m very right-brained.” Dr. Pillay, an assistant professor at Harvard University, has spent a great part of his career correcting these ideas. He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to forget the advice that urges you to “believe in yourself”. In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else. Dr. Pillay points to a 2016 study demonstrating the impact of stereotypes (刻板印象) on one’s behavior. The authors, educational psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided the college student subjects into three groups, instructing the members of one to think of themselves as “weird poets” and the members of another to imagine they were “strict librarians” (the third group was the control). The researchers then presented all the participants with ten ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as weird poets came up with the widest range of ideas, while those in the strict-librarian group had the fewest. Meanwhile the researchers found only small differences in students’ creativity levels across academic majors. In fact, the physics majors imagining themselves as poets came up with more ideas than the art majors did. These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual feature but a “product of context and perspective”. Everyone can be creative, as long as he or she feels like a creative person. Dr. Pillay’s work takes this a step further: He argues that simply identifying yourself as creative is less powerful than taking the bold, creative step of imagining you are somebody else. This exercise, which he calls psychological Halloweenism, refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona. An actor may employ this technique to get into character, but anyone can use it. Unfortunately, those ideas often get drowned out because most of us spend way too much time worrying, and about two things in particular: how successful/unsuccessful we are and how little we’re focusing on the task at hand. These twin worries feed on each other an unfocused person is an unsuccessful one, we believe — and so we don’t allow our minds to wander into its quietly fertile fields. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市建平中学·期末） Many animals depend upon sound to find food, detect predators and communicate. These species understandably suffer when loud motorways cut through their habitats. It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by botanist Alí Akbar GhotbiRavandi has revealed that plants suffer too. That plants can be hampered (抑制生长) indirectly by noise pollution has never been in doubt. Since many flowering and fruit-beaning species need animals to pollinate or disperse (传播) their seeds, it is obvious that if these animal partners are harmed by noise then their botanical counterparts will do badly, too. Scientists have hypothesized that plants may be able to sense sound waves as they are struck by them. Yet blasting plants with ultrasound is not the same as growing them in the presence of actual traffic noise. To this end, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi oscided to set up an experiment. Working with a team of colleagues, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi grew two species — French marigolds (金盏花) and scarlet sage (一串红) — in the same space before they were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway for 16hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. None of the plants exposed to the traffic noise did well. The team found that a range of hormones normally associated with healthy growth and development in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise. Two stress hormones, jasmonic acid and abscisi c acid, which are normally produced to fend off insect attacks, deal with salty soil or very cold temperatures, were elevated. The next question is whether all noise pollution affects all species in the same way. The natural world, with deafening storms and thunderous waterfalls, is by no means silent. Whether some plant species have evolved coping mechanisms, which might one day be transferred into urban-dwelling species, is a mystery worth exploring. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市黄浦区格致中学·期末） Is Regenerating Nature Only Charitable? In the world of environmental conservation, many people think nature regeneration projects are mainly about charity, not profit. This idea has wrapped around our common awareness, casting such efforts as noble but financially unreliable pursuits. However, is this assumption accurate? With a mix of passion, strategy and innovation, Khory Hancock, an environmental scientist and businessman, is demonstrating that nature regeneration can indeed be profitable. According to Hancock, one way to make money is through carbon credits. These credits are like tickets that organizations can buy or sell. When they invest in restoring ecosystems, they earn credits that can be traded for money. This gives conservation a real purpose to help nature and at the same time brings financial rewards. Beyond direct financial returns, it also helps enhance businesses’ public image. In a world where information travels rapidly and opinions are formed swiftly, having a good public image is without doubt a strategic necessity. The benefits are far-reaching, from building trust and credibility to attracting opportunities and encouraging better relationships, all helping businesses make profits in the long run. Hancock adds that the fields of profitability do not end there. By regenerating farming lands, farmers can use the power of carbon stored as soil organic matter, which has a great effect on almost all soil properties - making the soil more productive. Hancock has also proved that the regenerating practices reduce the gradual destruction of soil and improves soil structure, making the land more adaptable to weather extremes, such as floods and droughts, and consequently increases productivity. Such projects reveal the hidden values that lie within environmental restoration. If more investors increase the scale of these projects, bring financial benefits to both businesses and farming, and in the end, the planet, we can benefit from a sustainable world. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市宝山区行知中学·期末） We are living in an age of metaphorical (隐喻的) parenting. First it was tiger parenting. Then helicopter parenting, snowplow parenting, and free-range parenting became trends. Now, gentle parenting is having an extended moment. Here’s what experts say about these parenting styles and their potential consequences for kids. Known for prioritizing compassion, warmth, and respect, gentle parenting is an approach that has gained popularity in recent years. A major hallmark of this style is the focus on fostering a strong bond between children and their parents. “It involves approaching parenting with understanding and adjustment — being able to look at things through a child’s perspective,” says Sarah Bren, a licensed clinical psychologist and co-founder of the Upshur-Bren Psychology Group in Pelham, New York. “Depending on how boundaries are set and discipline is handled, it can look a bit like authoritative or permissive parenting”, experts say. Parents who stick to snowplow parenting — which is also called lawnmower parenting or bulldozer parenting — often try to clear obstacles out of a child’s path. The parents’ intentions may be good — they don’t want their kids to struggle or feel distressed — but this isn’t realistic because challenges are a natural part of life. As a parent, “You want kids to handle difficulty or conflict with your support and guidance to help them build resilience (toughness),” says Bren. However, Bren emphasizes guiding children through difficulties to build resilience, warning that constantly clearing paths due to fear of failure may unintentionally create the exact weakness parents seek to prevent. The term “helicopter parenting” refers to parents who revolve around their children, being controlling and overprotective, ready to jump in to help at any moment. Much like with snowplow parenting, “This micromanaging doesn’t help kids learn to navigate difficulties on the road or develop resilience,” says Michele Borba, an educational psychologist based in southern California. As a result, “The child becomes dependent and unprepared to make decisions or act independently in real-life situations.” ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市控江中学·期末） Dengue fever (登革热) As the world becomes more connected, ideas and technologies can spread rapidly from one country or even one continent to another. But the flip side of this is that diseases can also spread to new areas that do not have special ways in preventing and curing them. One example of this is dengue fever. The number of cases of this mosquito-borne illness has increased dramatically in recent years, including in places that previously had few to none.   Dengue fever is most common in tropical and subtropical climates and is carried by two species of mosquito. People contract dengue from mosquito bites. There is no specific treatment for dengue fever. People with mild symptoms can manage them with some pain medications. As with most illnesses, resting and drinking plenty of liquids can also help speed recovery. Those who develop severe dengue, however, usually need to be hospitalized.   The recent increase in cases of dengue fever results from a combination of influencing factors, including the species of mosquito that carry the disease spreading to new areas. Warm wet weather has also contributed to its rise since this creates conditions where mosquitoes can multiply. There are four main types of the dengue virus. People can get it more than once if they are infected by a different type.   The main way to prevent dengue fever from spreading is to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes. This means wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants, keeping windows closed and/or sleeping under mosquito nets. Mosquitoes breed in non-flowing water, so finding ways to avoid letting water pool can help. If water storage containers are needed, they should be covered and cleaned regularly to avoid becoming breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Taking action to stop its spread can help stop it from becoming a bigger problem.   ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） We Need to Take Meditation More Seriously as Medicine A new review study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Internal Medicine, suggests that the ancient Eastern practice of mindful meditation can offer real help for patients with depression, anxiety, and pain. Dr. Madhav Goyal is the lead author of the recent JAMA study. He reviewed 47 clinical trials involving more than 3500 participants with mild anxiety or depression, and found that those who practiced mindful meditation saw a 5-10%improvement in anxiety symptoms and a 10-20% reduction in depressive symptoms. What’s most striking about the JAMA findings is that people weren’t meditating for very long. Many in the reviewed studies meditated for as little as 2. 5 hours per week for two months. As Dr. Goyal points out, because meditation is a skill that’s learned over time, it’s unlikely that the respondents reached a high level in a short time. So according to him, it’s reasonable to think that people would experience even greater benefits with more rigorous training and practice. Unfortunately though, it’s precisely those realities of meditation — that it is a state you can teach yourself to achieve and improve with discipline — that might weaken its validity (有效性) with physicians and patients. For example, professor Mark K. Blum, a Buddhist Studies expert at the University of California, Berkeley, believes some medical professionals may doubt the value of meditation because our culture has shifted so heavily in favor of quantitative measurement. “Medical doctors are practicing a form of science, and therefore expect to see scientific measurement,” Blum explains. “But how do you measure meditation?” In Dr. Goyal’s view, critics of meditation have a misunderstanding of what science is. It has nothing to do with molecules or drugs, he says. Rather, medical science is a “systematic exploration of what is not known”, whatever that may be — and areas like meditation desperately need more exploration, and the funding to do it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市敬业中学·期末） If you suffer from shyness, you are not alone, for shyness is a universal phenomenon. It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental causes The first environmental cause of shyness may be a child’s home and family life. today's children are growing up in smaller and smaller families, with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby. Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbours and friends. Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel shy when they start school A second environmental cause of shyness in an individual may be one's culture. In a large study conducted in Japanl, 57% participants rated themselves as shy. Researchers Lynne Henderson and Philip Zimbardo say, " One explanation is that in Japan, an individual's performance success is credited externally to parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and others, while failure is entire blamed on the person. "Therefore, Japanese learn not to take risks in public and rely instead on group-shared decisions. Technology may also play a role. In the United State, the number of young people who report being shy has risen from 40% to 50% in recent years. Due to our huge advances in technology, watching TV, playing video games, and surfing the Web have replaced recreational activities that involve social interaction for many young people. Adults, too, are becoming more isolated as a result of technology. face-to face interactions with bank clerks, gas station attendants, and shop assistants are no longer necessary because people can use machines to do their banking fill their gas tanks, and order goods. In short, they become shy. It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if you are shy, you have lots of company. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市徐汇区南洋模范中学·期末） The PowerStride Backpack: Charging Your Devices While You Walk Modern students rely heavily on electronic devices for learning, communication, and research. However, constant charging interrupts study sessions and mobility. The PowerStride Backpack offers an innovative solution: it binds moving energy from walking to generate electricity, turning daily travels into a power source. The backpack’s secret lies in its flexible piezoelectric panels (Turning-Pressure-into-Power panels) integrated (集成) into the shoulder straps and back padding. As the wearer walks, the natural motion compresses these panels, creating small electrical charges. These charges are collected and stored in a lightweight, built-in battery pack. A single hour of walking generates enough energy to charge a smartphone up to 20%, while a full school day can power a tablet or e-reader. The stored energy is accessible via USB ports unnoticeably placed in a side pocket. Beyond convenience, the PowerStride Backpack promotes sustainability and preparedness. Students no longer need to hunt for outlets between classes or carry large power banks. It ensures devices stay charged for note-taking, research, or emergency communication during long school days or commutes. Additionally, it reduces dependency on grid electricity, cutting down electronic waste from disposable batteries. Its durable, weather-resistant design makes it ideal for all seasons. Currently in model testing, the PowerStride Backpack could soon integrate solar panels for hybrid (混杂的) energy generation. Researchers also aim to adapt its technology for other wearable items like jackets or sports gear. For students, it represents more than convenience — it fosters awareness of renewable energy and demonstrates how everyday actions (like walking) can sustainably power our tech-driven lives. The PowerStride Backpack transforms an ordinary activity into a source of clean energy. It exemplifies how creativity in engineering can address real-world challenges, offering students greater independence while promoting environmental responsibility. As technology evolves, inventions like this empower users to literally carry the future on their shoulders. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 概要写作 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 The passage argues that multitasking reduces productivity and leads to mistakes due to the brain’s addiction to dopamine-driven multitasking rushes. To break multitasking habits one requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus. Passage 2 The passage details the extraordinary growth of China’s food delivery services, with user numbers skyrocketing from 2015 to 2023. It examines shifts in the user demographic and highlights factors like cost-effectiveness, work culture, and lifestyle preferences as key drivers of its popularity, suggesting it will remain a significant part of dining culture. 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 Research shows that digital distractions reduce productivity. Although initially designed for convenience, devices like smartphones now often hinder efficiency by interrupting workflows and disrupting concentration with constant notifications. Resuming tasks, particularly complex ones, takes time and effort. Moreover, frequent interruptions can lower motivation. A practical solution is to consciously limit daily digital interruptions to stay productive. Passage 2 Many people regard themselves either creative or not creative. Yet, experts proved creativity is not a personal quality and could be gained in specified situations. Another expert believes people could get creative by pretending to be someone else. But most people fail to do so because they care so much about success, forcing themselves to focus all the time. 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 A new study by Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi shows that plants suffer from traffic noise. Plants exposed to traffic noise have lower levels of growth hormones and higher levels of stress hormones. Whether all species are affected in the same way and whether some have evolved coping mechanisms are questions for future research. Passage 2 Khory Hancock shows it can be profitable to regenerate nature. Businesses get profits directly by selling carbon credits and indirectly from the enhanced public image. Moreover, farmers profit from improved productivity with organic matters and a more adaptive land. With more nature regenerating practices alike, we’ll have a sustainable world. (50 words) 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 In modern times, multiple parenting styles such as gentle, snowplow, and helicopter parenting have emerged. Gentle parenting emphasizes compassion and building strong parent child bonds. However, snowplow and helicopter parenting, though well intentioned, can impede kids’ development of resilience and independence. Passage 2 Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease, has seen a dramatic increase recently, spreading to new areas due to global connectivity and warm wet weather that enables mosquito multiplication. With four virus types, people can be infected multiple times. Lacking specific treatment, severe cases require hospitalization. Prevention includes avoiding mosquito bites and keeping water from pooling to prevent breeding. 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 A new study found that meditation can help ease people’s anxiety and depression and that people can benefit more if they practice meditating for longer. Though some medical professionals still don’t believe in the effect of meditation because it can’t be measured, Dr. Goyal, the lead author of the study, thinks it is worth exploring. Passage 2 Shyness is a common phenomenon, and there are many environmental reasons for it. A child's family life is one reason. One's culture is another cause of shyness. At the same time, the widespread use of technology also causes shyness. Many people experience shyness in their lives. 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 The PowerStride Backpack generates electricity from walking motion, charging devices sustainably. It uses piezoelectric panels to convert pressure into energy, stored in a built-in battery. This eco-friendly design reduces reliance on outlets and batteries, offering students portable power. Future versions may include solar panels and wearable tech adaptations. 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 概要写作 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·上海市浦东新区川沙中学·期末） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 40 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Do You Find It So Hard to Not Multitask? Most of us do multitasking almost daily. But it’s time to change that. Let’s take the smartphone for example. On average you check your phone 110 times a day—that means you’re spending 23 days every year glued to your smartphone! Habits encouraging you to multitask make you unproductive. But it’s hard to let go of these habits because you’ve conditioned your brain to send misleading signals to your body. Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone. You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and this further encourages your multitasking habit. This rush can also make you overly optimistic, less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes. Multitaskers basically get addicted to this rush which leads them to believe they are being effective when in fact they’re not. To get rid of this multitasking habit so you can find real productivity. You simply have to commit to it and have the self discipline to stick to one task at a time. Just say to yourself: When I walk, I walk. When I talk to someone, I talk to someone. Focus on the one thing you are doing. And like that, you’ve mastered monotasking. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The passage argues that multitasking reduces productivity and leads to mistakes due to the brain’s addiction to dopamine-driven multitasking rushes. To break multitasking habits one requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus. 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了为何人们难以戒除多任务处理的习惯。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Most of us do multitasking almost daily. Habits encouraging you to multitask make you unproductive. ②Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine. ③This rush can also make you overly optimistic, less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes. ④To get rid of this multitasking habit so you can find real productivity, you simply have to commit to it and have the self-discipline to stick to one task at a time. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2、3三个要点进行整合，阐述多任务处理的弊端，第4个要点单独作为解决措施。 3.遣词造句 The passage argues that multitasking reduces productivity and leads to mistakes due to the brain’s addiction to dopamine-driven multitasking rushes. To break multitasking habits one requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The passage argues that multitasking reduces productivity and leads to mistakes due to the brain’s addiction to dopamine-driven multitasking rushes. 运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第1-2段进行了概括。其中that引导了宾语从句，表达高级。 【高分句型2】To break multitasking habits one requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus.运用了一个不定式作目的状语的句子，对原文第3段进行了概括。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市宜川中学·期末） China’s food delivery services have witnessed extraordinary growth, increasing by an impressive 371% from 2015 to June 2023. In 2015, the nation only had 113.6 million users of food delivery services. By June 2023, this number had soared to 534.88 million. This highlights the rapid embrace of delivery platforms across the country. The demographic landscape (人口统计形势) of China’s online food delivery user base has undergone significant changes. In 2015, white-collar workers comprised 63% of users, while students accounted for 30.5%. By 2019, a dramatic transformation had occurred. White-collar workers now make up 83% of users and students only10%. Furthermore, women constitute 51% of food delivery app users. About 85% of users fall within the 18to 40 age range. Food delivery services in China have surpassed (超过) those in Western countries in popularity. Several reasons can explain this phenomenon. Chinese consumers are notably price-sensitive. In China, food delivery costs are significantly lower. They are only 10 to 20% of U. S. prices. This is due to intense competition among providers like Ele.me and Meituan. These companies are in fierce price wars and offer generous discounts and coupons (优惠券) to customers. This makes online food orders more affordable than dining out. Moreover, China’s demanding work culture and the emerging phenomenon of “lazy cancer” have further contributed to the surge in food delivery usage. Young people in China reflect a wide-spread sense of dislike of cooking. A survey conducted in March 2020 revealed that about 67% of the 7,220 Chinese food delivery users surveyed cited laziness as the reason for ordering instead of dining out. In conclusion, the food delivery industry in China shows the changes of consumer needs. This rapid growth not only reflects the convenience-driven demands of modern life but also showcases the innovation of the food service sector. As such, food delivery is sure to remain an important aspect of Chinese dining habits. It will shape the future landscape of dining experiences and satisfaction for years to come. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The passage details the extraordinary growth of China’s food delivery services, with user numbers skyrocketing from 2015 to 2023. It examines shifts in the user demographic and highlights factors like cost-effectiveness, work culture, and lifestyle preferences as key drivers of its popularity, suggesting it will remain a significant part of dining culture. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国外卖服务的显著增长、用户人口统计变化、其受欢迎程度超过西方国家的原因以及未来展望。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①China’s food delivery services have witnessed extraordinary growth, increasing by an impressive 371% from 2015 to June 2023. ②The demographic landscape of China’s online food delivery user base has undergone significant changes. ③Food delivery services in China have surpassed those in Western countries in popularity. Several reasons can explain this phenomenon. Chinese consumers are notably price-sensitive. In China, food delivery costs are significantly lower. They are only 10 to 20% of U. S. prices. ④Moreover, China’s demanding work culture and the emerging phenomenon of “lazy cancer” have further contributed to the surge in food delivery usage. Young people in China reflect a wide-spread sense of dislike of cooking. ⑤In conclusion, the food delivery industry in China shows the changes of consumer needs. It will shape the future landscape of dining experiences and satisfaction for years to come. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行概括，将第2个要点进行概括，将第3、4个要点进行整合，将第5个要点进行概括。 3.遣词造句 The passage details the extraordinary growth of China’s food delivery services, with user numbers skyrocketing from 2015 to 2023. It examines shifts in the user demographic and highlights factors like cost-effectiveness, work culture, and lifestyle preferences as key drivers of its popularity, suggesting it will remain a significant part of dining culture. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The passage details the extraordinary growth of China’s food delivery services, with user numbers skyrocketing from 2015 to 2023.（运用了with复合结构对原文第一段进行概括） 【高分句型2】It examines shifts in the user demographic and highlights factors like cost-effectiveness, work culture, and lifestyle preferences as key drivers of its popularity, suggesting it will remain a significant part of dining culture.（运用了现在分词suggesting作状语，省略引导词that的宾语从句，对原文第2-5段进行概括） 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市静安区市西中学·期末） The Hidden Cost of Digital Distractions The researchers carried out a study in which people were asked to read a short passage, and then answer questions that tested their understanding of what they had read. Those who were affected by digital distractions during the task performed just 80% as well as the participants who were allowed to do the test in peace. In short, you shouldn’t be surprised digital distractions kill your productivity. Originally, smartphones and other portable devices were designed to maximize convenience, allow us to work on the move, and enhance our productivity. Unfortunately, they have turned into a distraction that often interrupts our daily lives. For example, you might be working on an important presentation, only to be distracted by several e-mail notifications. You then have a choice — do you stop and answer these messages, or do you carry on with your presentation and hope that the sender doesn’t expect an immediate response? Either way, the notification has interrupted your flow and thrown you off course. Every time your attention is diverted from your task, you lose time. It takes effort to get back on track, and repeated interruptions can demotivate you. It can feel as though everyone wants a piece of your time, and that you will never get around to finishing anything. If you are a typical worker, you’ll be distracted every 11 minutes, and it will take you 25 minutes to actually settle down again to your task. The more complicated your project, the longer it takes to regain your focus, because your brain has to put in considerable effort when switching between complex objectives. To tackle the hidden cost of digital distractions, one effective solution is to set specific “focus hours” each day by turning off non-essential notifications and using website blockers to limit access to distracting sites. By managing digital interruptions intentionally, individuals can ensure their devices support their goals instead of getting in the way. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】For reference: Research shows that digital distractions reduce productivity. Although initially designed for convenience, devices like smartphones now often hinder efficiency by interrupting workflows and disrupting concentration with constant notifications. Resuming tasks, particularly complex ones, takes time and effort. Moreover, frequent interruptions can lower motivation. A practical solution is to consciously limit daily digital interruptions to stay productive. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了数字干扰会降低工作效率，介绍了其带来的负面影响，并提出设置“专注时间”来限制数字干扰以提高效率的解决办法。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Those who were affected by digital distractions during the task performed just 80% as well as the participants who were allowed to do the test in peace. ②Originally, smartphones and other portable devices were designed to maximize convenience, allow us to work on the move, and enhance our productivity. Unfortunately, they have turned into a distraction that often interrupts our daily lives. ③Every time your attention is diverted from your task, you lose time. It takes effort to get back on track, and repeated interruptions can demotivate you. ④To tackle the hidden cost of digital distractions, one effective solution is to set specific “focus hours” each day by turning off non-essential notifications and using website blockers to limit access to distracting sites. 2. 缜密构思 将第1点说明数字干扰影响效率；第2点说明设备初衷与现状；第3点说明数字干扰带来的其他负面影响；第4点提出解决办法。 3. 遣词造句 Research indicates digital distractions reduce productivity. Smartphones, initially for convenience, now often interrupt daily life. Digital distractions waste time, lower motivation and make it hard to refocus. Setting “focus hours” can limit digital interruptions and boost efficiency. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Research shows that digital distractions reduce productivity. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] Although initially designed for convenience, devices like smartphones now often hinder efficiency by interrupting workflows and disrupting concentration with constant notifications. (运用了although引导省略的让步状语从句) Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市曹杨中学·期末） Wish You Were More Creative? Just Pretend! One great irony about our collective interest in creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: Either we’re “creative” or we aren’t, without much of a middle ground. “I’m just not a creative person!” a frustrated student might say in art class, while another might blame her talent at painting for her difficulties in math, concluding with a comment such as, “I’m very right-brained.” Dr. Pillay, an assistant professor at Harvard University, has spent a great part of his career correcting these ideas. He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to forget the advice that urges you to “believe in yourself”. In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else. Dr. Pillay points to a 2016 study demonstrating the impact of stereotypes (刻板印象) on one’s behavior. The authors, educational psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided the college student subjects into three groups, instructing the members of one to think of themselves as “weird poets” and the members of another to imagine they were “strict librarians” (the third group was the control). The researchers then presented all the participants with ten ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as weird poets came up with the widest range of ideas, while those in the strict-librarian group had the fewest. Meanwhile the researchers found only small differences in students’ creativity levels across academic majors. In fact, the physics majors imagining themselves as poets came up with more ideas than the art majors did. These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual feature but a “product of context and perspective”. Everyone can be creative, as long as he or she feels like a creative person. Dr. Pillay’s work takes this a step further: He argues that simply identifying yourself as creative is less powerful than taking the bold, creative step of imagining you are somebody else. This exercise, which he calls psychological Halloweenism, refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona. An actor may employ this technique to get into character, but anyone can use it. Unfortunately, those ideas often get drowned out because most of us spend way too much time worrying, and about two things in particular: how successful/unsuccessful we are and how little we’re focusing on the task at hand. These twin worries feed on each other an unfocused person is an unsuccessful one, we believe — and so we don’t allow our minds to wander into its quietly fertile fields. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Many people regard themselves either creative or not creative. Yet, experts proved creativity is not a personal quality and could be gained in specified situations. Another expert believes people could get creative by pretending to be someone else. But most people fail to do so because they care so much about success, forcing themselves to focus all the time. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，许多人要么认为自己富有创造力，要么认为自己缺乏创造力。然而，专家们证明，创造力并非一种个人特质，而是在特定情境下能够培养出来的。另一位专家认为，人们可以通过假扮他人来获得创造力。但大多数人做不到这一点，因为他们太在意成功了，以至于总是强迫自己全神贯注。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: Either we’re “creative” or we aren’t, without much of a middle ground. ②These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual feature but a “product of context and perspective”. ③Dr. Pillay’s work takes this a step further: He argues that simply identifying yourself as creative is less powerful than taking the bold, creative step of imagining you are somebody else. This exercise, which he calls psychological Halloweenism, refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona. An actor may employ this technique to get into character, but anyone can use it. ④Unfortunately, those ideas often get drowned out because most of us spend way too much time worrying, and about two things in particular: how successful/unsuccessful we are and how little we’re focusing on the task at hand. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Many people regard themselves either creative or not creative. Yet, experts proved creativity is not a personal quality and could be gained in specified situations. Another expert believes people could get creative by pretending to be someone else. But most people fail to do so because they care so much about success, forcing themselves to focus all the time. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Another expert believes people could get creative by pretending to be someone else.运用了省略that的宾语从句和动名词作宾语对倒数第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] But most people fail to do so because they care so much about success, forcing themselves to focus all the time.用because引导原因状语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市建平中学·期末） Many animals depend upon sound to find food, detect predators and communicate. These species understandably suffer when loud motorways cut through their habitats. It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by botanist Alí Akbar GhotbiRavandi has revealed that plants suffer too. That plants can be hampered (抑制生长) indirectly by noise pollution has never been in doubt. Since many flowering and fruit-beaning species need animals to pollinate or disperse (传播) their seeds, it is obvious that if these animal partners are harmed by noise then their botanical counterparts will do badly, too. Scientists have hypothesized that plants may be able to sense sound waves as they are struck by them. Yet blasting plants with ultrasound is not the same as growing them in the presence of actual traffic noise. To this end, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi oscided to set up an experiment. Working with a team of colleagues, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi grew two species — French marigolds (金盏花) and scarlet sage (一串红) — in the same space before they were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway for 16hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. None of the plants exposed to the traffic noise did well. The team found that a range of hormones normally associated with healthy growth and development in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise. Two stress hormones, jasmonic acid and abscisi c acid, which are normally produced to fend off insect attacks, deal with salty soil or very cold temperatures, were elevated. The next question is whether all noise pollution affects all species in the same way. The natural world, with deafening storms and thunderous waterfalls, is by no means silent. Whether some plant species have evolved coping mechanisms, which might one day be transferred into urban-dwelling species, is a mystery worth exploring. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: A new study by Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi shows that plants suffer from traffic noise. Plants exposed to traffic noise have lower levels of growth hormones and higher levels of stress hormones. Whether all species are affected in the same way and whether some have evolved coping mechanisms are questions for future research. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了噪音对植物生长的影响，通过实验发现交通噪音会使植物生长相关激素水平降低，应激激素水平升高，同时提出了未来值得探索的问题。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by botanist Alí Akbar GhotbiRavandi has revealed that plants suffer too. ②It is obvious that if these animal partners are harmed by noise then their botanical counterparts will do badly, too. ③Yet blasting plants with ultrasound is not the same as growing them in the presence of actual traffic noise. ④One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway for 16 hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. ⑤The team found that a range of hormones normally associated with healthy growth and development in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise. ⑥Whether some plant species have evolved coping mechanisms, which might one day be transferred into urban-dwelling species, is a mystery worth exploring. 2. 缜密构思 将第①、②两个要点进行重组，将第③、④、⑤三个要点进行整合，第⑥要点单独成句。 3. 遣词造句 Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi's study finds plants suffer from traffic noise. Plants exposed to traffic noise have lower levels of growth hormones and higher levels of stress hormones. Whether all species are affected in the same way and whether some have evolved coping mechanisms are questions for future research. 【点睛】[高分句型1]：Plants exposed to traffic noise have lower levels of growth hormones and higher levels of stress hormones. 运用过去分词短语作定语对原文第四、五段进行了概括，使句子结构更加紧凑，表达更加高级。 [高分句型2]：Whether all species are affected in the same way and whether some have evolved coping mechanisms are questions for future research. 运用whether引导的主语从句对原文最后一段进行了概括，表达清晰且高级。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市黄浦区格致中学·期末） Is Regenerating Nature Only Charitable? In the world of environmental conservation, many people think nature regeneration projects are mainly about charity, not profit. This idea has wrapped around our common awareness, casting such efforts as noble but financially unreliable pursuits. However, is this assumption accurate? With a mix of passion, strategy and innovation, Khory Hancock, an environmental scientist and businessman, is demonstrating that nature regeneration can indeed be profitable. According to Hancock, one way to make money is through carbon credits. These credits are like tickets that organizations can buy or sell. When they invest in restoring ecosystems, they earn credits that can be traded for money. This gives conservation a real purpose to help nature and at the same time brings financial rewards. Beyond direct financial returns, it also helps enhance businesses’ public image. In a world where information travels rapidly and opinions are formed swiftly, having a good public image is without doubt a strategic necessity. The benefits are far-reaching, from building trust and credibility to attracting opportunities and encouraging better relationships, all helping businesses make profits in the long run. Hancock adds that the fields of profitability do not end there. By regenerating farming lands, farmers can use the power of carbon stored as soil organic matter, which has a great effect on almost all soil properties - making the soil more productive. Hancock has also proved that the regenerating practices reduce the gradual destruction of soil and improves soil structure, making the land more adaptable to weather extremes, such as floods and droughts, and consequently increases productivity. Such projects reveal the hidden values that lie within environmental restoration. If more investors increase the scale of these projects, bring financial benefits to both businesses and farming, and in the end, the planet, we can benefit from a sustainable world. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Khory Hancock shows it can be profitable to regenerate nature. Businesses get profits directly by selling carbon credits and indirectly from the enhanced public image. Moreover, farmers profit from improved productivity with organic matters and a more adaptive land. With more nature regenerating practices alike, we’ll have a sustainable world. (50 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，科里·汉考克表示，再生自然是有利可图的。企业可以通过出售碳信用额度直接获利，也可以通过提高公众形象间接获利。此外，农民从有机物质和适应性更强的土地的生产力提高中获利。有了更多类似的自然再生实践，我们将拥有一个可持续发展的世界。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①With a mix of passion, strategy and innovation, Khory Hancock, an environmental scientist and businessman, is demonstrating that nature regeneration can indeed be profitable. ②According to Hancock, one way to make money is through carbon credits. ③Beyond direct financial returns, it also helps enhance businesses’ public image. ④By regenerating farming lands, farmers can use the power of carbon stored as soil organic matter, which has a great effect on almost all soil properties - making the soil more productive. ⑤ If more investors increase the scale of these projects, bring financial benefits to both businesses and farming, and in the end, the planet, we can benefit from a sustainable world. 2.缜密构思 将第1、4、5三个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Corey Hancock says regeneration is naturally profitable. Companies can profit directly by selling carbon credits or indirectly by raising their public profile. In addition, farmers profit from increased productivity from organic matter and more adaptable land. With more natural regeneration practices like this, we will have a sustainable world. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Khory Hancock shows it can be profitable to regenerate nature. (运用了省略连接代词that的宾语从句) [高分句型2] With more nature regenerating practices alike, we’ll have a sustainable world. (运用了with的复合结构) 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市宝山区行知中学·期末） We are living in an age of metaphorical (隐喻的) parenting. First it was tiger parenting. Then helicopter parenting, snowplow parenting, and free-range parenting became trends. Now, gentle parenting is having an extended moment. Here’s what experts say about these parenting styles and their potential consequences for kids. Known for prioritizing compassion, warmth, and respect, gentle parenting is an approach that has gained popularity in recent years. A major hallmark of this style is the focus on fostering a strong bond between children and their parents. “It involves approaching parenting with understanding and adjustment — being able to look at things through a child’s perspective,” says Sarah Bren, a licensed clinical psychologist and co-founder of the Upshur-Bren Psychology Group in Pelham, New York. “Depending on how boundaries are set and discipline is handled, it can look a bit like authoritative or permissive parenting”, experts say. Parents who stick to snowplow parenting — which is also called lawnmower parenting or bulldozer parenting — often try to clear obstacles out of a child’s path. The parents’ intentions may be good — they don’t want their kids to struggle or feel distressed — but this isn’t realistic because challenges are a natural part of life. As a parent, “You want kids to handle difficulty or conflict with your support and guidance to help them build resilience (toughness),” says Bren. However, Bren emphasizes guiding children through difficulties to build resilience, warning that constantly clearing paths due to fear of failure may unintentionally create the exact weakness parents seek to prevent. The term “helicopter parenting” refers to parents who revolve around their children, being controlling and overprotective, ready to jump in to help at any moment. Much like with snowplow parenting, “This micromanaging doesn’t help kids learn to navigate difficulties on the road or develop resilience,” says Michele Borba, an educational psychologist based in southern California. As a result, “The child becomes dependent and unprepared to make decisions or act independently in real-life situations.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In modern times, multiple parenting styles such as gentle, snowplow, and helicopter parenting have emerged. Gentle parenting emphasizes compassion and building strong parent child bonds. However, snowplow and helicopter parenting, though well intentioned, can impede kids’ development of resilience and independence. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了当下多种隐喻式育儿风格，如温柔育儿、扫雪机式育儿和直升机式育儿，并阐述了不同育儿风格对孩子的潜在影响。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①We are living in an age of metaphorical (隐喻的) parenting. First it was tiger parenting. Then helicopter parenting, snowplow parenting, and free-range parenting became trends. Now, gentle parenting is having an extended moment. ②Known for prioritizing compassion, warmth, and respect, gentle parenting is an approach that has gained popularity in recent years. A major hallmark of this style is the focus on fostering a strong bond between children and their parents. ③Parents who stick to snowplow parenting — which is also called lawnmower parenting or bulldozer parenting — often try to clear obstacles out of a child’s path. ④The term “helicopter parenting” refers to parents who revolve around their children, being controlling and overprotective, ready to jump in to help at any moment. ⑤“This micromanaging doesn’t help kids learn to navigate difficulties on the road or develop resilience,” says Michele Borba … As a result, “The child becomes dependent and unprepared to make decisions or act independently in real life situations.” 2. 缜密构思 将第1要点概括多种育儿风格的出现；将第2要点总结温柔育儿的特点；将第3、4要点整合为扫雪机式和直升机式育儿的做法；将第5要点阐述这两种育儿方式对孩子的不良影响。 3. 遣词造句 In modern times, multiple parenting styles such as gentle, snowplow, and helicopter parenting have emerged. Gentle parenting emphasizes compassion and building strong parent child bonds. Snowplow and helicopter parenting, though well intentioned, can impede kids’ development of resilience and independence. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Gentle parenting emphasizes compassion and building strong parent child bonds. (运用了动名词作宾语) [高分句型2] However, snowplow and helicopter parenting, though well intentioned, can impede kids’ development of resilience and independence. (运用了though引导的让步状语从句并使用了省略) Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市控江中学·期末） Dengue fever (登革热) As the world becomes more connected, ideas and technologies can spread rapidly from one country or even one continent to another. But the flip side of this is that diseases can also spread to new areas that do not have special ways in preventing and curing them. One example of this is dengue fever. The number of cases of this mosquito-borne illness has increased dramatically in recent years, including in places that previously had few to none.   Dengue fever is most common in tropical and subtropical climates and is carried by two species of mosquito. People contract dengue from mosquito bites. There is no specific treatment for dengue fever. People with mild symptoms can manage them with some pain medications. As with most illnesses, resting and drinking plenty of liquids can also help speed recovery. Those who develop severe dengue, however, usually need to be hospitalized.   The recent increase in cases of dengue fever results from a combination of influencing factors, including the species of mosquito that carry the disease spreading to new areas. Warm wet weather has also contributed to its rise since this creates conditions where mosquitoes can multiply. There are four main types of the dengue virus. People can get it more than once if they are infected by a different type.   The main way to prevent dengue fever from spreading is to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes. This means wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants, keeping windows closed and/or sleeping under mosquito nets. Mosquitoes breed in non-flowing water, so finding ways to avoid letting water pool can help. If water storage containers are needed, they should be covered and cleaned regularly to avoid becoming breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Taking action to stop its spread can help stop it from becoming a bigger problem.   ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease, has seen a dramatic increase recently, spreading to new areas due to global connectivity and warm wet weather that enables mosquito multiplication. With four virus types, people can be infected multiple times. Lacking specific treatment, severe cases require hospitalization. Prevention includes avoiding mosquito bites and keeping water from pooling to prevent breeding. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍登革热传播、特点、成因及预防措施。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ① Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease, has increased dramatically in recent years, spreading to new areas. ② Dengue fever is common in tropical and subtropical climates, carried by two mosquito species, with no specific treatment. ③ The recent increase in dengue fever cases is due to mosquito migration and warm wet weather. ④ There are four types of dengue virus, allowing multiple infections. ⑤ Prevention includes avoiding mosquito bites and preventing water from pooling. 2.缜密构思 将第①、③点整合，说明登革热的传播情况和原因；将第②、④点整合，说明登革热的特点和感染情况；最后单独列出第⑤点，作为预防措施。 3.遣词造句 Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease, has spread to new areas due to global connectivity and warm wet weather, causing a dramatic increase in cases. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease, has seen a dramatic increase recently, spreading to new areas due to global connectivity and warm wet weather that enables mosquito multiplication. 运用了that引导的定语从句，现在分词作状语，对原文第一段和第三段进行了概括，表达高级。 【高分句型2】Prevention includes avoiding mosquito bites and keeping water from pooling to prevent breeding. 运用了动名词短语avoiding mosquito bites and keeping water from pooling to prevent breeding作宾语，对原文第四段进行了概括，表达高级。 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） We Need to Take Meditation More Seriously as Medicine A new review study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Internal Medicine, suggests that the ancient Eastern practice of mindful meditation can offer real help for patients with depression, anxiety, and pain. Dr. Madhav Goyal is the lead author of the recent JAMA study. He reviewed 47 clinical trials involving more than 3500 participants with mild anxiety or depression, and found that those who practiced mindful meditation saw a 5-10%improvement in anxiety symptoms and a 10-20% reduction in depressive symptoms. What’s most striking about the JAMA findings is that people weren’t meditating for very long. Many in the reviewed studies meditated for as little as 2. 5 hours per week for two months. As Dr. Goyal points out, because meditation is a skill that’s learned over time, it’s unlikely that the respondents reached a high level in a short time. So according to him, it’s reasonable to think that people would experience even greater benefits with more rigorous training and practice. Unfortunately though, it’s precisely those realities of meditation — that it is a state you can teach yourself to achieve and improve with discipline — that might weaken its validity (有效性) with physicians and patients. For example, professor Mark K. Blum, a Buddhist Studies expert at the University of California, Berkeley, believes some medical professionals may doubt the value of meditation because our culture has shifted so heavily in favor of quantitative measurement. “Medical doctors are practicing a form of science, and therefore expect to see scientific measurement,” Blum explains. “But how do you measure meditation?” In Dr. Goyal’s view, critics of meditation have a misunderstanding of what science is. It has nothing to do with molecules or drugs, he says. Rather, medical science is a “systematic exploration of what is not known”, whatever that may be — and areas like meditation desperately need more exploration, and the funding to do it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A new study found that meditation can help ease people’s anxiety and depression and that people can benefit more if they practice meditating for longer. Though some medical professionals still don’t believe in the effect of meditation because it can’t be measured, Dr. Goyal, the lead author of the study, thinks it is worth exploring. 【导语】本文的体裁是说明文。一项新的研究发现，冥想可以帮助缓解人们的焦虑和抑郁，如果人们练习冥想的时间更长，他们会受益更多。尽管一些医学专业人士仍然不相信冥想的效果，因为它无法测量，但该研究的第一作者戈亚尔博士认为，这值得探索。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①A new review study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Internal Medicine, suggests that the ancient Eastern practice of mindful meditation can offer real help for patients with depression, anxiety, and pain. ②What’s most striking about the JAMA findings is that people weren’t meditating for very long.  Many in the reviewed studies meditated for as little as 2.  5 hours per week for two months. ③For example, professor Mark K. Blum, a Buddhist Studies expert at the University of California, Berkeley, believes some medical professionals may doubt the value of meditation because our culture has shifted so heavily in favor of quantitative measurement. ④In Dr. Goyal’s view, critics of meditation have a misunderstanding of what science is. Rather, medical science is a “systematic exploration of what is not known”, whatever that may be—and areas like meditation desperately need more exploration, and the funding to do it. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将3、4两个要点进行整合，将总结性语句放在文章最后。 3. 遣词造句 A new study found that meditation can help ease people’s anxiety and depression and that people can benefit more if they practice meditating for longer. Some medical professionals still don’t believe in the effect of meditation because it can’t be measured. Dr. Goyal thinks areas like meditation are worth more exploration。 【点睛】【高分句型1】A new study found that meditation can help ease people’s anxiety and depression and that people can benefit more if they practice meditating for longer. 运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第一、二、三段进行了概括。其中that引导了宾语从句、if引导的条件状语从句，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】Though some medical professionals still don’t believe in the effect of meditation because it can’t be measured, Dr. Goyal, the lead author of the study, thinks it is worth exploring.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第四、五段进行了概括。其中Though引导的让步状语从句、because引导的原因状语从句，表达非常高级。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市敬业中学·期末） If you suffer from shyness, you are not alone, for shyness is a universal phenomenon. It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental causes The first environmental cause of shyness may be a child’s home and family life. today's children are growing up in smaller and smaller families, with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby. Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbours and friends. Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel shy when they start school A second environmental cause of shyness in an individual may be one's culture. In a large study conducted in Japanl, 57% participants rated themselves as shy. Researchers Lynne Henderson and Philip Zimbardo say, " One explanation is that in Japan, an individual's performance success is credited externally to parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and others, while failure is entire blamed on the person. "Therefore, Japanese learn not to take risks in public and rely instead on group-shared decisions. Technology may also play a role. In the United State, the number of young people who report being shy has risen from 40% to 50% in recent years. Due to our huge advances in technology, watching TV, playing video games, and surfing the Web have replaced recreational activities that involve social interaction for many young people. Adults, too, are becoming more isolated as a result of technology. face-to face interactions with bank clerks, gas station attendants, and shop assistants are no longer necessary because people can use machines to do their banking fill their gas tanks, and order goods. In short, they become shy. It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if you are shy, you have lots of company. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Shyness is a common phenomenon, and there are many environmental reasons for it. A child's family life is one reason. One's culture is another cause of shyness. At the same time, the widespread use of technology also causes shyness. Many people experience shyness in their lives. 【分析】这是一篇概要写作。 【详解】概要写作 写作步骤 1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要说明了造成羞怯的环境原因。 2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。 3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。 4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点： （1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。 （2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。 （3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。 （4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。 （5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市徐汇区南洋模范中学·期末） The PowerStride Backpack: Charging Your Devices While You Walk Modern students rely heavily on electronic devices for learning, communication, and research. However, constant charging interrupts study sessions and mobility. The PowerStride Backpack offers an innovative solution: it binds moving energy from walking to generate electricity, turning daily travels into a power source. The backpack’s secret lies in its flexible piezoelectric panels (Turning-Pressure-into-Power panels) integrated (集成) into the shoulder straps and back padding. As the wearer walks, the natural motion compresses these panels, creating small electrical charges. These charges are collected and stored in a lightweight, built-in battery pack. A single hour of walking generates enough energy to charge a smartphone up to 20%, while a full school day can power a tablet or e-reader. The stored energy is accessible via USB ports unnoticeably placed in a side pocket. Beyond convenience, the PowerStride Backpack promotes sustainability and preparedness. Students no longer need to hunt for outlets between classes or carry large power banks. It ensures devices stay charged for note-taking, research, or emergency communication during long school days or commutes. Additionally, it reduces dependency on grid electricity, cutting down electronic waste from disposable batteries. Its durable, weather-resistant design makes it ideal for all seasons. Currently in model testing, the PowerStride Backpack could soon integrate solar panels for hybrid (混杂的) energy generation. Researchers also aim to adapt its technology for other wearable items like jackets or sports gear. For students, it represents more than convenience — it fosters awareness of renewable energy and demonstrates how everyday actions (like walking) can sustainably power our tech-driven lives. The PowerStride Backpack transforms an ordinary activity into a source of clean energy. It exemplifies how creativity in engineering can address real-world challenges, offering students greater independence while promoting environmental responsibility. As technology evolves, inventions like this empower users to literally carry the future on their shoulders. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: The PowerStride Backpack generates electricity from walking motion, charging devices sustainably. It uses piezoelectric panels to convert pressure into energy, stored in a built-in battery. This eco-friendly design reduces reliance on outlets and batteries, offering students portable power. Future versions may include solar panels and wearable tech adaptations. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了PowerStride背包通过行走动能发电的创新设计，解决了现代学生设备充电中断的问题。文中说明了其发电原理、充电效率、环保效益、耐用设计以及未来的技术拓展方向，展现了该背包如何将日常行走转化为清洁能源，体现了工程创新在解决实际问题中的作用。 【详解】1. 要点摘录   ①Modern students face charging interruptions for devices, and the PowerStride Backpack solves this by generating electricity from walking motion.   ②Flexible piezoelectric panels in straps and padding convert walking pressure into electrical charges, stored in a built-in battery (20% phone charge per hour of walking).   ③It reduces reliance on outlets and disposable batteries, cutting e-waste, with a weather-resistant design for all seasons.   ④Future plans include integrating solar panels and adapting tech to other wearables, fostering renewable energy awareness.   2. 缜密构思   将第①点作为总起句，点明背包解决充电问题的核心功能；将第②点作为背包的工作原理和充电效率；将第③点整合为背包的环保效益和设计优势；将第④点作为未来的技术拓展和意义。   3. 遣词造句   The PowerStride Backpack produces electricity from walking motion, charging devices sustainably. It uses piezoelectric panels to convert pressure into energy, stored in a built-in battery. This eco-friendly design reduces reliance on outlets and batteries, offering students portable power. Future versions may include solar panels and wearable tech adaptations. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The PowerStride Backpack generates electricity from walking motion, charging devices sustainably.（使用现在分词短语作状语）   [高分句型2] This eco-friendly design reduces reliance on outlets and batteries, offering students portable power.（使用现在分词短语作状语） 1 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $