专题07 阅读六选四（期末真题汇编，上海专用）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 精选上海多所重点中学高二下期末试题，聚焦“阅读六选四”题型，涵盖人与社会（如《攻壳机动队》科技伦理、莎士比亚文化传承）、人与自我（如主观年龄研究、夜间焦虑应对）、人与自然（如培养肉环保创新、锤头鲨生态）三大主题，素材兼具时代性与思想性。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读六选四|44题|涵盖科技前沿（培养肉）、社会热点（Study with Me视频）、文化经典（莎士比亚）、生态保护（锤头鲨）、心理健康（主观年龄）等|以真实文本为载体，考查上下文逻辑衔接（如《攻壳机动队》中科技与身份认同的哲学探讨），注重思维的连贯性与信息匹配能力，适配高二期末综合语言运用要求|

专题07 阅读六选四 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·上海市建平中学·期末） More Relevant Than Ever: Ghost in the Shell At 30 On May 10th, Ghost in the Shell was released in the Chinese mainland for the first time, celebrating the 30th anniversary of the anime (日本动漫) classic. What felt like a philosophical fantasy in 1995 is becoming a wise prediction about the near future. If you don’t know, Ghost in the Shell is set in a world where humans live alongside cyborgs that are part human, part machine. The lead character is Major Motoko Kusanagi, a cyborg agent working for an intelligence department. When tasked with tracking a mysterious hacker known as the Puppet Master, she is forced to confront existential questions about identity and the nature of self. It seems that the distinction between human and machine is no longer clear. 1 We are living at a time when our identities are extending into the digital world. 2 Reality is being shaped by the algorithms as we are shown only what we want to see. Meanwhile, face and fingerprint recognition allows us convenient access to devices and even physical spaces. Our thoughts, choices, and emotions become data points. and we are largely defined by social media profiles and digital footprints. 3 Unlike many sci-fi films, it does not present technology as evil; rather, it examines our interdependent relationship with it. In doing so, it exposes how easily we give up autonomy for convenience. MajorKusanagi is known by her colleagues as the artificial “shell” she occupies, yet she constantly wonders whether she has any true self inside. In a lot of ways, we are all Major Kusanagi, questioning essentially “What makes me me?” But there’s no need to panic. Existential crises existed long before we even thought about machines replacing us. When director Mamoru Oshii made Ghost in the Shell, it was less about the rise of technology than the essence of human beings. 4 . Thanks to developing technologies, we are changing faster than ever now — that’s just human nature. A．According to the Puppet Master: “To be human is to continually change.” B．The very definition of identity is challenged in this mind-blowing film. C．As we scroll, tap, and click, we are creating “ghosts” of ourselves in the sea of information. D．This philosophical anxiety shouldn’t paralyze(使…瘫痪) us with fear E．Ghost in the Shell warned us about this, not in a scary way, but with curiosity. F．The Puppet Master’s motives remain unclear until the final act. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．E 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍《攻壳机动队》上映30周年，探讨其对人机界限等未来的预测及现实意义。 1．根据上文“When tasked with tracking a mysterious hacker known as the Puppet Master, she is forced to confront existential questions about identity and the nature of self. It seems that the distinction between human and machine is no longer clear. (当主角草薙素子被派去追踪神秘的“傀儡师”黑客时，她不得不面对关于身份和自我本质的存在主义问题。人类与机器之间的界限似乎不再清晰。)”可知，此空应总结该电影对身份定义的挑战。B选项“The very definition of identity is challenged in this mind-blowing film. (在这部令人震撼的电影中，身份的定义受到了挑战。)”中的“identity is challenged”与上文“questions about identity”和“distinction between human and machine is no longer clear”相呼应，符合语境。故选B项。 2．根据上文“We are living at a time when our identities are extending into the digital world. (我们生活在一个身份向数字世界延伸的时代。)”以及下文“Reality is being shaped by the algorithms as we are shown only what we want to see. Meanwhile, face and fingerprint recognition allows us convenient access to devices and even physical spaces. Our thoughts, choices, and emotions become data points. (现实正被算法塑造，因为我们看到的只是自己想看到的东西。与此同时，面部和指纹识别让我们能便捷地使用设备，甚至进入实体空间。我们的思想、选择和情感都变成了数据点。)”可知，此空应阐述人们在数字世界中创造自我“影子”的行为。C选项“As we scroll, tap, and click, we are creating “ghosts” of ourselves in the sea of information. (当我们滚动、点击屏幕时，我们正在信息海洋中创造自我的“幽灵”。)”中的“creating “ghosts” of ourselves”对应上文“identities are extending into the digital world”，且“scroll, tap, and click”与下文算法塑造现实的细节形成呼应，符合语境。故选C项。 3．根据下文“Unlike many sci-fi films, it does not present technology as evil; rather, it examines our interdependent relationship with it. (与许多科幻电影不同，它没有将技术描绘成邪恶的；相反，它审视了我们与技术的相互依赖关系。)”可知，此空应引出电影《攻壳机动队》对技术的探讨方式。E选项“Ghost in the Shell warned us about this, not in a scary way, but with curiosity. (《攻壳机动队》以此警示我们，并非以可怕的方式，而是带着好奇。)”中的“warned us about this”衔接上文数字身份延伸的现象，“not in a scary way, but with curiosity”对应下文“does not present technology as evil”，符合语境。故选E项。 4．根据上文“When director Mamoru Oshii made Ghost in the Shell, it was less about the rise of technology than the essence of human beings. (当导演押井守制作《攻壳机动队》时，其核心并非技术的崛起，而是人类的本质。)”以及下文“Thanks to developing technologies, we are changing faster than ever now — that’s just human nature. (借助技术的发展，我们如今的变化比以往任何时候都快——这正是人性所在。)”可知，此空应引用电影内容来强调人类本质与变化的关系。A选项“According to the Puppet Master: “To be human is to continually change.””(正如“傀儡师”所言：“人之为人，在于不断改变。”)中的“continually change”与下文“changing faster than ever”相呼应，通过电影角色台词诠释了人类本质，符合语境。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市黄浦区格致中学·期末） What Your “Age” Says About You Imagine, for a moment, that you had no birth certificate and your age was simply based on the way you feel inside. How old would you say you are? Like your height or shoe size, the number of years that have passed since you first entered the world is an unchangeable fact. 5 Scientists are increasingly interested in this quality. They are finding that our “subjective age” may be essential for understanding the reasons why some people appear to be energetic as they grow old—while others fade. 6 It is now well accepted that people tend to mature as they get older, becoming less extroverted and less open to new experiences. These personality changes are often considered more obvious in the people with older subjective ages. However, those who feel younger than they really are also become more reliable and less neurotic as they gain the wisdom that comes with greater life experience. But it doesn’t come at the cost of the energy and vigor of youth. It’s not true that having a lower subjective age leaves us frozen in a state of permanent immaturity. Feeling younger than your years also seems to come with a lower risk of depression and greater mental wellbeing as we age. 7 Most people felt about eight years younger than their actual chronological age (实际年龄). But some felt they had aged — and the consequences were serious. Feeling between 8 and 13 years older than your actual age resulted in an 18-25% greater risk of death over the study periods, and greater disease burden—even when you control for other demographic (人口学的) factors such as education, race or marital status. 8 However old you really are, it’s worth questioning whether any of those limitations are coming from the within. A．It also means better physical health. B．One of the most interesting aspects of the research has explored how subjective age interacts with our personality. C．Some studies have explored the potential physical consequences of this difference. D．These findings can give us all a view of the way our own brains and bodies endure the passing of time. E．But everyday experience suggests that people often don’t experience ageing the same way. F．Many researchers are now trying to study how this knowledge might help us live longer. 【答案】5．E 6．B 7．A 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了主观年龄（即人们感觉自己的年龄）及其对个人健康和福祉的影响。文章强调，无论实际年龄如何，我们都可以通过调整主观年龄观来提升生活质量。 5．上文提到“Like your height or shoe size, the number of years that have passed since you first entered the world is an unchangeable fact. (像身高或鞋码一样，自你第一次进入这个世界以来经过的年数是一个不可改变的事实)”，这引出了关于年龄的一个观点，即我们的年龄感受是基于内心的感受。而下文则进一步探讨了科学家们对这个品质的兴趣，以及主观年龄与个性之间的关系。因此，E选项“But everyday experience suggests that people often don’t experience ageing the same way.(但日常经验表明，人们往往不会以同样的方式经历衰老)”作为过渡句，既承接了上文关于年龄感受的观点，又为下文的讨论奠定了基础，符合题意。故选E。 6．下文提到“ It is now well accepted that people tend to mature as they get older, becoming less extroverted and less open to new experiences. (现在人们普遍认为，随着年龄的增长，人们会逐渐成熟，变得不那么外向，对新经历的开放程度也会降低)”，这是在描述一个普遍的观点或现象。而B选项“One of the most interesting aspects of the research has explored how subjective age interacts with our personality.(研究中最有趣的一个方面探讨了主观年龄如何与我们的个性相互作用)”则直接引出了这个话题，因此B选项作为主题句，既概括了下文的内容，又引领了上文的话题，符合题意。故选B。 7．上文提到“Feeling younger than your years also seems to come with a lower risk of depression and greater mental wellbeing as we age. (感觉比实际年龄年轻似乎还伴随着较低的抑郁风险和更大的心理健康)”，这是在描述一种积极的影响或结果。而A选项“It also means better physical health.(这也意味着更好的身体健康)”则是对上文积极影响的进一步延伸或补充，it指代前文的“感觉比实际年龄年轻”这个事实。故选A。 8．前文提到“Most people felt about eight years younger than their actual chronological age (实际年龄). But some felt they had aged—and the consequences were serious. Feeling between 8 and 13 years older than your actual age resulted in an 18-25% greater risk of death over the study periods, and greater disease burden—even when you control for other demographic (人口学的) factors such as education, race or marital status.( 大多数人感觉比他们实际的年龄年轻约八岁。但有些人却感到自己变老了——后果非常严重。感觉比实际年龄大8到13岁的人，在研究期间死亡风险增加了18%至25%，患病负担也更重，即使控制了其他人口学因素（如教育程度、种族或婚姻状况）也是如此。)”，这是在列举了一些研究结果，最后指出这些发现具有重要意义。而D选项“These findings can give us all a view of the way our own brains and bodies endure the passing of time.(这些发现可以让我们更好地了解我们自己的大脑和身体是如何随着时间的推移而衰老的)” 是对整段研究结果的总结性评价，既呼应了前文的研究成果，也引出了其深层意义。故选D。 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市浦东新区·期末） There Are Things to Love About Winter As soon as the temperature drops, my husband experiences a change. Like a bear in reverse, he comes alive in winter. I am his opposite. 9 I spent last weekend in a state of gloom, pulling out our family’s collection of giant, shapeless coats. Many people love winter, but if you’re not one of them, “you don’t have to just accept that you’ll be bad-tempered at this time of year,” said Kari Leibowitz, a health psychologist and author of “How to Winter: Harness Your Mindset to Thrive on Cold, Dark or Difficult Days.” Having a more positive approach doesn’t mean denying the realities of dark mornings or icy roads, she said. But when you write off wintertime, she added, you’re writing off a quarter of your life. Instead of “wishing away winter and waiting for spring,” Dr. Leibowitz said, lean into the cooling weather by planning cozy activities and rituals. Make a list of books we want to read during the cozy season, she suggested. 10 She gave some examples, such as baking, knitting or painting. “ 11 ” Holli-Anne Passmore, an associate professor of psychology, said. But she has found in her research that when people actively pay attention to their natural surroundings and notice how it makes them feel, it significantly boosts their well-being. One research subject wrote, “I felt awe that such a tiny bird can withstand the cold.” Another wrote: “I love trees, especially big ones. 12 ” I’ve already begun to take the experts’ advice: I ordered some cozy winter socks and am assembling my cold-weather reading list. A．Adapt summer activities for winter. B．Too often, we ignore the natural world in winter. C．When the leaves begin to fall, so does my mood. D．And start planning some “slow hobbies” we can do indoors. E．If the holidays tire me out, I can carve out time to rest and recover in January. F．I feel humbled by their size, knowing just how much more lies beneath the surface, too. 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．B 12．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了作者对冬天的态度转变，从不喜欢冬天到开始接受并享受冬天的一些美好事物，同时给出了专家关于如何在冬天保持积极心态的建议。 9．根据上文“As soon as the temperature drops, my husband experiences a change. Like a bear in reverse, he comes alive in winter. I am his opposite. (温度一降，我丈夫就变了。就像一只反常的熊，他在冬天活跃起来。我和他相反)”以及下文“I spent last weekend in a state of gloom, pulling out our family’s collection of giant, shapeless coats. (上周末我一直愁眉苦脸，翻找出家里那些又大又没型的外套)”可知，上文将作者与丈夫对冬天的态度对比，下文描述作者上周处于阴郁状态，C选项“When the leaves begin to fall, so does my mood. (当树叶开始飘落时，我的心情也随之低落)”，通过季节变化与情绪的关联，衔接上文“作者与丈夫相反”的对比，同时引出后文“阴郁状态”的具体表现，符合因果逻辑。故选C项。 10．根据上文“Instead of “wishing away winter and waiting for spring,” Dr. Leibowitz said, lean into the cooling weather by planning cozy activities and rituals. Make a list of books we want to read during the cozy season, she suggested. (莱博维茨博士说，与其“盼着冬天过去，等着春天到来”，不如通过计划舒适的活动和仪式来享受凉爽的天气。她建议列出我们想在这个舒适的季节读的书)”以及下文“She gave some examples, such as baking, knitting or painting. (她举了一些例子，比如烘焙、编织或绘画)”可知，此处通过举例建议读者在冬天计划一些舒适的活动，D选项“And start planning some “slow hobbies” we can do indoors. (并开始计划一些我们可以在室内进行的“慢爱好”)”，与上文内容相衔接，进一步给出了在冬天可以进行的室内活动的建议，且其中的“slow hobbies”与后文“baking, knitting or painting”形成具体呼应。故选D项。 11．根据下文“But she has found in her research that when people actively pay attention to their natural surroundings and notice how it makes them feel, it significantly boosts their well-being. (但她在研究中发现，当人们积极关注自己的自然环境，并注意到它如何影响自己的感受时，这会显著提升他们的幸福感)”可知，此处是在转折说明人们通常在冬天会忽略自然世界，B选项“Too often, we ignore the natural world in winter. (在冬天，我们常常忽略自然世界)”，与下文内容相呼应，引出了下文关于关注自然环境能提升幸福感的讨论。故选B项。 12．根据上文“Another wrote: “I love trees, especially big ones. (另一个人写道：“我喜欢树，尤其是大树。)”可知，此处是在描述另一个人对大树的喜爱，F选项“I feel humbled by their size, knowing just how much more lies beneath the surface, too. (我对它们的大小感到敬畏，也知道它们表面之下还隐藏着更多)”中的“their size”呼应上文“big ones”，与上文内容紧密衔接，进一步阐述了这个人对大树的敬畏之情。故选F项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市杨浦区·期末） Study with Me On social media, people share knowledge through videos — from piano lessons to computer repair. When seeking answers, many turn to YouTube, including those struggling with studying.   That’s where Study with Me (SWM) videos come into play. In Korea, the popular videos are called “gongbang,” which means Study Broadcast. In Japan, they’re called “benkyou douga,” and in America and other countries, they’re called Study with Me. 13 Students create and share videos of themselves studying attentively, usually for an exam. The camera often focuses on a clean desk with a tidy display of books, notebooks, a computer and a timer. Throughout most of the videos, no words are spoken; the focus is on the creator as he or she studies. The point is not to teach anything but simply to provide a study companion.   14 Financial site Business Insider says this type of video “serves a real purpose, helping people focus.”   The Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology performed research on Study with Me videos and discovered several benefits. First, people can set up quiet study areas in their homes to view the videos. This cuts down on their commute to libraries or established study rooms. 15 Finally, viewers gain emotional support by knowing that they are part of a group with perhaps thousands of others, all working toward the same goal. Some viewers have said that Study with Me “satisfies the need for belonging and social contact” by providing a sense of companionship. 16 Some SWM livestreams, where viewers can chat with each other in real time, feel like online study groups. This helps create a satisfactory study environment where students can find the inspiration they need to stay on task. A．Next, observing the diligence of the creator often motivates viewers, especially those who have trouble studying. B．No matter what their names are, millions of viewers have joined the SWM craze. C．Moreover, with teachers answering questions and facilitating discussions, the learning atmosphere becomes highly engaging. D．The creator becomes a study mate, which reduces the isolation many students feel. E．Are SWM cideos just “lazy content,” or are they beneficial? F．Yet others point out that such peer-driven pressure can leave viewers feeling tense and uneasy. 【答案】13．B 14．E 15．A 16．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了“和我一起学习（SWM）”视频的形式、作用及相关研究发现的益处。 13．上文“In Korea, the popular videos are called “gongbang,” which means Study Broadcast. In Japan, they’re called “benkyou douga,” and in America and other countries, they’re called Study with Me. (在韩国，这类流行视频被称为“学习直播”，在日本，它们被称作“学习视频”，而在美国和其他国家，人们则将其称为“和我一起学习”)”可知，本段列举了不同国家对SWM视频的不同称呼，空处需承接上文，总结不同名称下的共同现象。B选项“无论它们叫什么名字，数百万观众都加入了SWM热潮”通过“No matter what their names are”衔接前文的名称差异，“millions of viewers”引出其流行程度，符合语境。故选B。 14．下文“Financial site Business Insider says this type of video “serves a real purpose, helping people focus.” (金融网站《商业内幕》称，这类视频“确实有用，能帮助人们集中注意力”。)”指出SWM视频的实际作用，而空处需引出对其价值的探讨。E选项“SWM 视频只是‘懒惰的内容’，还是有益的？”以疑问句形式引发思考，既呼应后文对其益处的说明，又通过“or are they beneficial”自然过渡到下文，适合作段落主旨句。故选E。 15．上文“First, people can set up quiet study areas in their homes to view the videos. (首先，人们可以在家中设立安静的学习区域来观看这些视频)”介绍了研究发现的第一个益处，下文“Finally, viewers gain emotional support by knowing that they are part of a group with perhaps thousands of others, all working toward the same goal. (最后，观众会获得情感支持，因为他们知道自己属于一个可能由成千上万的人组成的群体，所有人都在朝着同一个目标努力)”为第三个益处，空处需补充第二个益处。A选项“其次，观察创作者的勤奋往往能激励观众，尤其是那些在学习上有困难的人。”对应研究中的具体好处，符合逻辑顺序。故选A。 16．上文“Finally, viewers gain emotional support by knowing that they are part of a group with perhaps thousands of others, all working toward the same goal. Some viewers have said that Study with Me “satisfies the need for belonging and social contact” by providing a sense of companionship. (最后，观众知道自己属于一个可能由成千上万的人组成的群体，所有人都在朝着同一个目标努力，这让他们获得了情感支持。一些观众表示，“和我一起学习” 视频通过提供一种陪伴感，“满足了归属感和社交接触的需求”)”可知，强调了SWM视频带来的陪伴感和情感支持。D选项“创作者成为了学习伙伴，这减少了许多学生感受到的孤独感。”进一步解释这种陪伴如何减少孤独感，其中“study mate”和“reduces the isolation”直接呼应前文的“companionship”和“need for belonging”，符合语境。故选D。 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市静安区·期末） Innovations in Food Production: Cultivated Meat Innovators in the United States and around the world will soon bring to market new and transformative products that have the ability to reshape animal agriculture as we know it. Consumers will be able to purchase meat and other animal-derived foods without supporting cruel, unclean, and unsafe factory farms and slaughterhouses. Cultivated meat — also referred to as slaughter-free meat or cell-based meat, is just that — animal meat produced from animals’ cells, without having to raise and kill living, feeling beings. 17 We do not need to rely on this flawed industrial system. Cultivated meat production will remove the need to crowd thousands of animals into cages and crowded barns, and of course would not require billions of animals to be slaughtered each year. The cell culturing process — similar to those used in making beer and cheese — can replace factory farms and eliminate the need to slaughter animals. Not only will cultivated meat production cut out the cruelty and suffering inherent in industrial factory farming, it promises to dramatically reduce environmental impacts. 18 They place these dangerous substances in massive “lagoons” that dot the American landscape. These waste lagoons threaten the public health and often spill over to pollute miles of waterways and kill countless wild animals. These lagoons are entirely absent from cultivated meat production. Absent too would be the bad smells and other harmful air pollutants local communities have to endure thanks to factory farms. And factory farms have to use huge amounts of antibiotics and other drugs to prevent and control disease because they crowd stressed, suffering animals by the thousands into dirty warehouses. 19 Every year more and more consumers are rejecting cruel and unsustainable factory-farmed products and demanding something better. 20 And that trend is only gaining momentum. For example, data collected by the Plant Based Foods Association (PBFA) found a 24% year to year growth in demand for plant-based meats in 2018! As interest in healthier and more sustainable options to slaughtered meat increases, cultivated meat can step in to help meet this booming demand. A．In contrast, cultivated meat production facilities will provide safe, clean, and controlled environments. B．Factory farms necessitate the disposal of animal waste, drugs, and chemicals. C．Animal agriculture causes animal suffering, pollutes the environment, and threatens human welfare. D．While cultivated meat avoids slaughter, some worry about its sensory qualities. E．We have seen dramatic growth in the demand for plant-based meats and milks in recent years. F．Some worry that scaling up production may require significant energy, reducing its environmental edge. 【答案】17．C 18．B 19．A 20．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食品生产领域的创新——培育肉，阐述了其生产方式，并说明了培育肉相比传统工厂化养殖的优势以及消费者对更健康、可持续食品需求的增长趋势。 17．根据上文“Consumers will be able to purchase meat and other animal-derived foods without supporting cruel, unclean, and unsafe factory farms and slaughterhouses. Cultivated meat — also referred to as slaughter-free meat or cell-based meat, is just that — animal meat produced from animals’ cells, without having to raise and kill living, feeling beings. (消费者将能够购买肉类和其他动物源性食品，而无需支持残忍、不清洁和不安全的工厂化农场和屠宰场。培育肉——也被称为无屠宰肉或细胞基肉，正是如此——从动物细胞中生产的动物肉，无需饲养和宰杀有生命、有感知的生物。)”以及下文“We do not need to rely on this flawed industrial system. Cultivated meat production will remove the need to crowd thousands of animals into cages and crowded barns, and of course would not require billions of animals to be slaughtered each year. (我们不需要依赖这个有缺陷的工业系统。培育肉生产将消除将数千只动物挤入笼子和拥挤的谷仓的需要，当然也不需要每年屠宰数十亿只动物。)”可知，此空应总结传统动物农业存在的问题，从而引出培育肉的优势。C选项“Animal agriculture causes animal suffering, pollutes the environment, and threatens human welfare. (动物农业导致动物痛苦，污染环境，并威胁人类福利。)”中的“causes animal suffering, pollutes the environment, and threatens human welfare”概括了传统农业的弊端，“this flawed industrial system”即动物农业的劣势，从而突出培育肉的优势所在，符合语境。故选C项。 18．根据上文“Not only will cultivated meat production cut out the cruelty and suffering inherent in industrial factory farming, it promises to dramatically reduce environmental impacts. (培育肉生产不仅会消除工业工厂化养殖中固有的残忍和痛苦，还有望显著降低环境影响。)”以及下文“They place these dangerous substances in massive “lagoons” that dot the American landscape. These waste lagoons threaten the public health and often spill over to pollute miles of waterways and kill countless wild animals. (他们将这些危险物质放置在遍布美国各地的巨大“泻湖”中。这些废物泻湖威胁公众健康，并经常溢出污染数英里的水道，杀死无数野生动物。)”可知，此空应提及工厂化农场在环境影响方面的具体做法，尤其是废弃物处理问题。B选项“Factory farms necessitate the disposal of animal waste, drugs, and chemicals. (工厂化农场必须处理动物粪便、药物和化学物质。)”中的“disposal of animal waste, drugs, and chemicals”对应下文“dangerous substances”和“waste lagoons”，解释了工厂化农场对环境造成污染的原因，符合语境。故选B项。 19．根据上文“And factory farms have to use huge amounts of antibiotics and other drugs to prevent and control disease because they crowd stressed, suffering animals by the thousands into dirty warehouses. (工厂化农场不得不使用大量抗生素和其他药物来预防和控制疾病，因为它们将数千只处于压力和痛苦中的动物挤入肮脏的仓库。)”可知，此空应将工厂化农场的弊端与培育肉的优势进行对比。A选项“In contrast, cultivated meat production facilities will provide safe, clean, and controlled environments. (相比之下，培育肉生产设施将提供安全、清洁和可控的环境。)”中的“In contrast”表明对比关系，“safe, clean, and controlled environments”与上文工厂化农场的“dirty warehouses”形成鲜明对比，突出培育肉在生产环境上的优势，符合语境。故选A项。 20．根据上文“Every year more and more consumers are rejecting cruel and unsustainable factory-farmed products and demanding something better. (每年都有越来越多的消费者拒绝残忍和不可持续的工厂化养殖产品，并要求更好的东西。)”以及下文“And that trend is only gaining momentum. For example, data collected by the Plant Based Foods Association (PBFA) found a 24% year to year growth in demand for plant-based meats in 2018! (而且这一趋势只会越来越强劲。例如，植物基食品协会（PBFA）收集的数据发现，2018年植物基肉类的需求同比增长24%！)”可知，此空应具体说明消费者对替代食品需求增长的情况。E选项“We have seen dramatic growth in the demand for plant-based meats and milks in recent years. (近年来，我们看到对植物基肉类和牛奶的需求急剧增长。)”中的“dramatic growth in the demand for plant-based meats”与下文“24% year to year growth”相呼应，用具体数据支撑了消费者需求增长的趋势，符合语境。故选E项。 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市海华东师范大学附属进华中学·期末） A writer for all time 21 At that point, seven years after the playwright’s death, Shakespeare was just one of many respected writers of his era, but in the years that followed the words of that preface proved to be true. His reputation grew and grew and today Shakespeare is widely recognized as the greatest writer in the history of English literature. His plays live on, translated into at least 80 languages and performed all over the globe. Why is it that, 400 years after his death, his work is still rated so highly? Many writers before Shakespeare could write great comedy, or tragedy, or history, but Shakespeare could tell great stories in all these genres and more: from fantastic fairy tale (A Midsummer Night’s Dream) to political play (Richard Ⅲ). 22 In fact, he usually took them from traditional stories, history or other writers. In his hands, however, they became powerful tales that went beyond time and culture. Romeo and Juliet is a story of love, hate and teenage rebellion against strict parents. Macbeth shows the dangers of ruthless ambition. Othello deals with insecurity, trust and jealousy. 23 As well as productions using the original language and settings, there have been imaginative reinterpretations as musicals (Romeo and Juliet / West Side Story), sci-fi films(The Tempest/ Forbidden Planet), high school romantic comedies(welfth Night/ She’s the Man), Bollywood films (Macbeth/ Maqbool), and even children’s cartoons (Hamlet/ The Lion King). While some parts of Shakespeare’s plays are in prose, his greatest speeches are in verse and their language, though old-fashioned, still arouses modern audiences’ feelings. His jokes ensure that the theatre is often filled with laughter, but moments later there might be a most beautiful passage about love or chilling words about death, revenge or jealousy. 24 It is thought that he started writing these in 1592 when the disease stopped Londoners from being able to go to the theatre. They include some of the most famous lines about love and beauty in the English. A．He rarely came up with original plots for his plays. B．“He was not of an age, but for all time!” stated the preface of William Shakespeare’s collected plays when they were first published in 1623. C．It’s no surprise that theatre and film directors return again and again to his plays for their material. D．Even individual words were a chance for Shakespeare to show off his creativity. E．They include everyday words, such as generous, apostrophe, hurry, road and amazement. F．As well as at least 37 plays, he is known 30 for 154 short poems called sonnets. 【答案】21．B 22．A 23．C 24．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了莎士比亚为何在去世 400 年后其作品仍被高度评价。 21．根据下文“At that point, seven years after the playwright's death, Shakespeare was just one of many respected writers of his era, but in the years that followed the words of that preface proved to be true. His reputation grew and grew and today Shakespeare is widely recognized as the greatest writer in the history of English literature.(在那时，这位剧作家去世七年后，莎士比亚只是他那个时代众多受尊敬的作家之一，但在随后的岁月里，那篇序言中的话被证明是正确的。他的声誉与日俱增，如今莎士比亚被广泛认为是英国文学史上最伟大的作家)” 可知，此处应提到“序言”，引出后文关于莎士比亚声誉发展的内容。故B选项“1623 年，威廉・莎士比亚的戏剧集首次出版时，其序言中写道：“他不属于一个时代，而属于所有时代！” 符合语境，故选B。 22．根据上文“Many writers before Shakespeare could write great comedy, or tragedy, or history, but Shakespeare could tell great stories in all these genres and more: from fantastic fairy tale (A Midsummer Night's Dream) to political play（Richard Ⅲ）(在莎士比亚之前，许多作家能写出伟大的喜剧、悲剧或历史剧，但莎士比亚能在所有这些体裁及更多体裁中讲述精彩故事：从奇幻童话《仲夏夜之梦》到政治剧《理查三世》)” 及下文 “In fact, he usually took them from traditional stories, history or other writers.(事实上，他通常从传统故事、历史或其他作家那里获取这些故事)” 可知，承上启下，说明莎士比亚戏剧情节的来源，引出后文他如何将非原创情节变为精彩故事。故A选项“他很少为他的戏剧想出原创情节” 符合语境，故选A。 23．根据下文 “As well as productions using the original language and settings, there have been imaginative reinterpretations as musicals (Romeo and Juliet / West Side Story), sci-fi films(The Tempest/ Forbidden Planet), high school romantic comedies ( welfth Night/ She’s the Man), Bollywood films (Macbeth/ Maqbool), and even children’s cartoons (Hamlet/ The Lion King).(除了使用原始语言和背景的作品外，还有富有想象力的重新演绎，如音乐剧《西区故事》改编自《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、科幻电影《禁忌星球》改编自《暴风雨》、高中浪漫喜剧《足球尤物》改编自《第十二夜》、宝莱坞电影《麦克白》改编自《马克布尔》，甚至还有儿童卡通片《狮子王》改编自《哈姆雷特》)” 可知，莎士比亚的戏剧常被导演选用并改编。故C选项“难怪戏剧和电影导演一次又一次地从他的戏剧中获取素材” 符合语境，故选C。 24．根据下文“It is thought that he started writing these in 1592 when the disease stopped Londoners from being able to go to the theatre. They include some of the most famous lines about love and beauty in the English.(人们认为他在 1592 年开始创作这些作品，当时疾病使伦敦人无法去剧院。这些作品包含一些英语中关于爱和美的最著名诗句)”可知，此处应引出他创作的这些诗句作品。F选项“除了至少 37 部戏剧外，他还以 154 首名为十四行诗的短诗而闻名”符合语境，故选F。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市宝山区·期末） Fifty-year-old Chen Hong and 40-year-old Lei Na from Chongqing have made history by becoming the first blind couple in China to complete a full marathon. During the 2024 Shanghai Marathon on Dec.1, assisted by five escort runners (护跑队员) ，Chen and Lei accomplished a 42.19-kilometer full marathon in 5 hours and 47 minutes. Their marathon journey began on Oct.15, 2022, with the founding of the Chongqing branch of Running in the Dark. Running in the Dark is a national charity that supports partially sighted runners. 25 The organization has also broadened its range to include sports such as hiking, cycling and swimming. Among the earliest participants, Chen and Lei seldom miss any of the branch’s monthly running events. Despite both losing their eyesight, the couple has steadily improved their running skills, with their escort runners alongside. 26 One person is visually damaged and the other acts as an escort runner, who alerts the former to turns, obstacles on the track and running techniques. “We serve as their eyes, but they help us see from our souls. 27 ” said Lu Wei, founder of the Chongqing branch. “By removing the obstacles they face during exercise, we hope to create a closer bond with each other.” To prepare for the full marathon in Shanghai, Chen and Lei spent eight months diligently engaged in running and various exercises to enhance their physical and core strength. “I think more people with disabilities should connect with society, which gives them love and respect, rather than isolating themselves at home. We only live once. 28 ” Chen said. A．It originated in Shanghai in 2016 and has grown to 27 branches nationwide. B．So why not reveal our true colors? C．Each makes the other better. D．They not only show their efforts, but also present an optimistic outlook on life. E．The participants run in pairs, holding a short rope between them. F．It’s just the beginning of their brand-new lives. 【答案】25．A 26．E 27．C 28．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述重庆盲夫妻在护跑队员协助下完成上海马拉松，展现努力与乐观，呼吁残障人士融入社会。 25．由上文“Running in the Dark is a national charity that supports partially sighted runners.(Running in the Dark是一个支持部分视力障碍跑步者的全国性慈善机构。)”可知，此处需补充该组织的发展历程。A项It originated in Shanghai in 2016 and has grown to 27 branches nationwide.(它于2016年在上海起源，目前已在全国发展至27个分支机构。)中“originated in Shanghai in 2016”解释其成立背景，“27 branches nationwide”对应“national charity”，通过时间与规模的介绍，衔接后文“重庆分部”的成立，形成“组织概况→具体分支”的逻辑过渡。故选A项。 26．由下文“One person is visually damaged and the other acts as an escort runner, who alerts the former to turns, obstacles on the track and running techniques.(一人有视力障碍，另一人担任护跑员，提醒前者转弯、赛道障碍物及跑步技巧。)”可知，此处需总述参与者的跑步形式。E项The participants run in pairs, holding a short rope between them.(参与者成对跑步，彼此之间握着一根短绳。)中“run in pairs”概括后文“视力障碍者 + 护跑员”的组合模式，“holding a short rope”具体说明协作方式，与后文“护跑员提醒障碍”形成“形式→细节”的阐释关系。故选E项。 27．由上文“We serve as their eyes, but they help us see from our souls.(我们充当他们的眼睛，但他们帮助我们从灵魂中看见。)”可知，此处需总结双方的相互作用。C项Each makes the other better.(彼此成就更好的对方。)中“Each makes the other better”既呼应“我们帮助他们，他们启发我们”的双向关系，又通过简洁的总结，衔接后文“通过移除运动障碍建立更紧密联系”的深层意义，体现“具体行为→抽象价值”的升华。故选C项。 28．由上文“I think more people with disabilities should connect with society, which gives them love and respect, rather than isolating themselves at home. We only live once. (我认为更多的残疾人应该与社会联系，社会给他们爱和尊重，而不是把自己孤立在家里。我们只活一次。)”可知，此处需呼应“珍惜生命、积极融入”的观点。B项So why not reveal our true colors?(那么为何不展现真实的自我呢？) 通过反问句强化语气，“reveal our true colors”对应“connect with society”，与“we only live once”形成“生命意义→行动呼吁”的逻辑闭环，鼓励残障人士突破自我。故选B项。 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市宜川中学·期末） Why you get anxiety at night According to the Sleep Foundation in America, a conservative estimate (保守估计) is that 10 to 30 percent of adults experience difficulty falling asleep, especially due to anxious thoughts. Indeed, a study from the University of Oxford found that a key difference between insomniacs (失眠者) and the control group (对照组) was the content of their thoughts during bedtime. The problem sleepers were more focused on worries and concerns. 29 Many of us may have had the experience of falling fast asleep in front of the TV. However, when we take ourselves to bed, we lie there wide-awake with anxious thoughts racing through our minds. One of the main reasons is the lack of distraction. When you’re busy during the day, your brain is occupied with all manner of tasks and activities. In the evening, you might eat dinner, chat and then watch TV. All the while, the regions involved in planning and decision making in your brain are occupied. 30 Your mind is entirely free to turn in on itself, either to worry about all of the things that have been happening to you recently or the next day to come. Psychologists are increasingly realizing that one of the least effective ways to deal with troubling thoughts is to try to fight them. Doing so only increases their existence, making them hang around for longer. 31 One practical way to solve this problem is by making it a practice to write in a daily journal before going to bed. It’s as if the writing exercise got the anxious thoughts out of their heads and onto paper, making it easier for them to drop off. For many people, it’s not worries about the past that keep them awake, but worries about all of the things that they have yet to do. 32 If this fits with your own experiences, there’s evidence that you too could benefit from getting all of those worries out onto paper. Generally speaking, worry (in moderation) is a normal human activity. Rather than trying to fight it, the trick to getting a peaceful night’s sleep is to plan a time earlier in the day to give your brain a chance to avoid the building up of any potential anxieties. That way, when your head hits the pillow, you’ll find it easier to sail off to dreamland on calm waters. A．Instead, it’s better to accept the thoughts, so as to allow them to pass in time. B．As compared, the healthy controls tended to think about nothing in particular. C．Researchers asked them to spend five minutes before bedtime writing about all that they’d done. D．Yet the moment you rest your head on your pillow, all external distractions are suddenly gone. E．Indeed, there’s some evidence that Sunday nights are the worst for insomnia for this very reason. F．The key seems to be that participants wrote their to-do list rather than mentally thought about their unfinished tasks. 【答案】29．B 30．D 31．A 32．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了许多成年人在晚上难以入睡，尤其是因焦虑想法而失眠的原因，并提供了一些应对方法，如写日记和提前规划，以帮助人们获得更好的睡眠。 29．由上文“Indeed, a study from the University of Oxford found that a key difference between insomniacs (失眠者) and the control group (对照组) was the content of their thoughts during bedtime. The problem sleepers were more focused on worries and concerns. (事实上，牛津大学的一项研究发现，失眠者和对照组之间的一个关键区别是他们在就寝时的想法内容。睡眠有问题的人更关注担忧和顾虑。)”可知，这里需要进一步说明对照组的情况，与失眠者形成对比。B选项“As compared, the healthy controls tended to think about nothing in particular. (相比之下，健康的对照组倾向于什么都不想。)”能承接上文，符合题意，故选B。 30．由上文“When you’re busy during the day, your brain is occupied with all manner of tasks and activities. In the evening, you might eat dinner, chat and then watch TV. All the while, the regions involved in planning and decision making in your brain are occupied. (当你白天很忙的时候，你的大脑被各种各样的任务和活动占据着。晚上，你可能会吃晚饭、聊天，然后看电视。与此同时，你大脑中负责计划和决策的区域也在忙碌着。)”及下文“Your mind is entirely free to turn in on itself, either to worry about all of the things that have been happening to you recently or the next day to come. (你的思想完全自由地转向自己，要么担心最近发生在你身上的所有事情，要么担心即将到来的第二天。)”可知，本空应描述从白天忙碌到晚上休息时，外部干扰的突然消失。D选项“Yet the moment you rest your head on your pillow, all external distractions are suddenly gone. (然而，当你把头靠在枕头上时，所有的外部干扰都突然消失了。)”能承上启下，符合题意，故选D。 31．由上文“Psychologists are increasingly realizing that one of the least effective ways to deal with troubling thoughts is to try to fight them. Doing so only increases their existence, making them hang around for longer. (心理学家越来越意识到，处理困扰想法的最无效方法之一就是试图与之抗争。这样做只会增加它们的存在感，让它们徘徊得更久。)”可知，本空应提出更有效的应对方法。A选项“Instead, it’s better to accept the thoughts, so as to allow them to pass in time. (相反，最好接受这些想法，让它们及时过去。)”能承接上文，符合题意，故选A。 32．该空与上文“For many people, it’s not worries about the past that keep them awake, but worries about all of the things that they have yet to do. (对许多人来说，让他们睡不着的不是对过去的担忧，而是对所有他们还没有做的事情的担忧。)”形成因果关系，上文解释了E选项中为什么周日晚上失眠最严重的原因，该选项中“Sunday nights are the worst for insomnia”也呼应下文“If this fits with your own experiences, there’s evidence that you too could benefit from getting all of those worries out onto paper. (如果这与你的经历相符，有证据表明，你也可以从把所有这些担忧都写在纸上中受益。)”中“If this fits with your own experiences”，E选项“Indeed, there’s some evidence that Sunday nights are the worst for insomnia for this very reason.(事实上，有证据表明，正是由于这个原因，周日晚上失眠最严重。)”符合题意，故选E。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市敬业中学·期末） Google is my doctor When illustrator Scott Adams lost his voice, his doctors were confused. 33 It turned out that Scott was suffering from spasmodic dysphonia-a neurological disorder affecting the muscles to voice. With the help of Google Alerts and advice from his doctors, Scott got in touch with an expert in the US and had special surgery on his throat to cure his problem. He is now a firm believer of using the Internet for self-diagnosis. Adams is one of an increasing number of people who have started using the Internet to get health advice. The advantages are numerous, starting of course with the obvious convenience of getting a diagnosis from the comfort of your own home. 34 But the Internet can provide a vast number of specialized experts, and Googling can help you tap in to that. Diagnosing minor medical problems from information on the Internet can also have an impact on society’s medical costs. You can compare insect bites with Internet pictures, ask what type they are and whether they are dangerous without wasting your busy doctor’s precious time. However, it must be said that diagnosis is tricky, and comparing your rash (疹子) with an online photo may lead you down the wrong path. 35 Doctors also take into account your medical history, state of mind, etc. So no computerized symptoms checklist can equal a complete professional assessment. In conclusion, the Internet is a good starting point in diagnosing your health problems, but you should always consult your doctor before acting on anything you find there. 36 A．This condition was the very one that made him unable to speak. B．It was not until he turned to the Internet that he managed to identify his condition. C．On a professional level, there is no way one doctor can be an expert in everything. D．Appearance provides only ten percent of the information needed to make a diagnosis. E．To sum up, if your doctor refuses to talk to you, the Internet will give you a better solution. F．Do not underestimate the value of talking to real people — doctors and telephone helplines will help you put what you read into context. 【答案】33．B 34．C 35．D 36．F 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了在线诊断病情的利弊。 33．上文“When illustrator Scott Adams lost his voice, his doctors were confused.(当插画家斯科特·亚当斯失声时，他的医生很困惑)”说明医生们不清楚斯科特失声的原因，B项“It was not until he turned to the Internet that he managed to identify his condition.(直到他求助于互联网后，他才设法弄清自己的病情)”衔接上文，说明斯科特通过网上查询，弄清楚了自己的病情，并引出下文具体失声的原因“It turned out that Scott was suffering from spasmodic dysphonia-a neurological disorder affecting the muscles to voice.(事实证明，斯科特患有痉挛性发声障碍——一种影响肌肉发声的神经系统疾病)”，衔接恰当。故选B项。 34．下文“But the Internet can provide a vast number of specialized experts, and Googling can help you tap in to that.(但是互联网可以提供大量的专业专家，谷歌可以帮助你找到他们)”说明在线咨询病情的优势，因为互联网可以提供大量的专业专家，C项“On a professional level, there is no way one doctor can be an expert in everything.(在专业层面上，一个医生不可能成为所有方面的专家)”说明一个医生并不能知晓所有疾病，引出下文的转折——但互联网可以提供大量的专业专家，衔接恰当。故选C项。 35．上文“However, it must be said that diagnosis is tricky, and comparing your rash (疹子) with an online photo may lead you down the wrong path.(然而，必须指出的是，诊断是很棘手的，将你的皮疹与网上的照片进行比较可能会让你走上错误的道路)”说明只依靠图片在线诊断也可能有误，D项“Appearance provides only ten percent of the information needed to make a diagnosis.(外观只提供诊断所需信息的百分之十)”衔接上文，说明只依靠图片诊断有误的原因，引出下文“Doctors also take into account your medical history, state of mind, etc.(医生还会考虑你的病史、精神状态等)”说明完整的诊断还需要考虑其他因素，衔接恰当。故选D项。 36．上文“In conclusion, the Internet is a good starting point in diagnosing your health problems, but you should always consult your doctor before acting on anything you find there. (总之，互联网是诊断你的健康问题的一个很好的起点，但你应该在采取任何行动之前咨询你的医生)”说明在线诊断有好处，但还需和自己的医生沟通交流，F项“Do not underestimate the value of talking to real people — doctors and telephone helplines will help you put what you read into context.(不要低估与真实的人交谈的价值——医生和电话热线会帮助你把你解读到的东西结合到你自己的实际情况中)”衔接上文，说明和医生交流病情的价值，符合语境。故选F项。 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学·期末） All Rise With just over 500 different species of shark classified, and a further two dozen waiting to be formally scientifically named, shark classification is not for the faint-hearted. 37 Sporting a wide, flattened head that is uniquely shaped like a double-headed hammer, it’s not hard to see how these sharks got their name. The eyes and openings at the end of the nose are located at either end of the “hammer” — or cephalopodic, as it’s technically called. 38 While undoubtedly giving the sharks extra lift, the cephalopodic may also help them make sharper turns in the water. The widely spaced eyes allow for effective three-D vision, while the head’s broad shape also houses a sense organ operating like an underwater metal detector, it helps the predators (捕食性动物) to detect prey (猎物) hidden on or just under the sea-floor deposit. Though widespread, the scalloped hammerhead, one of the nine species of hammerhead, is most commonly encountered in the Hammerhead Triangle in the eastern Pacific. While it can be relatively easily observed at a number of sites, particularly around seamounts, there are only a few places where it gathers in large numbers. 39 These groups of sharks tend to consist mostly of females, with the males remaining out in deeper waters. At locations such as the Hammerhead Triangle, numbers can reach into the hundreds or even, on occasion, thousands. As the sharks tend to assemble relatively close to the water’s surface, this is one ocean spectacle (壮观的景象) for diver. With its fins highly prized as the key ingredient in shark-fin soup, it’s no surprise that the scalloped hammerhead has experienced a dramatic population decline. Any sharks caught are often subjected to the frankly horrible treatment of ‘finning’, whereby fins are sliced off and the bodies thrown overboard. However, with hammerheads consistently ranking among the world’s top underwater wildlife attractions, shark tourism now contributes millions towards regional economies, thereby presenting a sustainable alternative to fishing them into extinction. 40 A．Added to this, the shark is often the victim of fishing bycatch. B．The explanation behind the shape of the hammerhead’s head has long been debated. C．But there is one group that everyone would immediately recognize the hammerheads. D．The scalloped hammerhead can be distinguished by the V-shaped cut at its cephalopodic. E．As most predators at the top of the food chain operate as ‘lone wolves’, this is considered highly unusual behaviour. F．Doubtless, those enjoying this magnificent spectacle agree that the fins look far better on the sharks than they do floating in a bowl of soup. 【答案】37．C 38．D 39．E 40．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种鲨鱼以及它们的生活习性。 37．根据上文“With just over 500 different species of shark classified, and a further two dozen waiting to be formally scientifically named, shark classification is not for the faint-hearted.(只有500多种不同的鲨鱼被分类，还有二十几种等待正式的科学命名，鲨鱼分类不是胆小的人可以接受的)”以及第二段“Sporting a wide, flattened head that is uniquely shaped like a double-headed hammer, it’s not hard to see how these sharks got their name.(它们的头又宽又平，独特的形状就像双头锤，不难看出这些鲨鱼是如何得名的)”可知，本句主要引出后文文章主要介绍的鲨鱼类型，故C选项“但是有一个群体是每个人都会立刻认出来的，那就是双髻鲨”符合语境，故选C。 38．根据后文“While undoubtedly giving the sharks extra lift, the cephalopodic may also help them make sharper turns in the water. The widely spaced eyes allow for effective three-D vision, while the head’s broad shape also houses a sense organ operating like an underwater metal detector, it helps the predators (捕食性动物) to detect prey (猎物) hidden on or just under the sea-floor deposit.(毫无疑问，头足可以给鲨鱼额外的提升力，同时也可以帮助它们在水中做出更尖锐的转弯。宽间距的眼睛可以提供有效的三维视觉，而头部的宽形状也容纳了一个像水下金属探测器一样的感觉器官，它可以帮助捕食者探测隐藏在海底沉积物上或下面的猎物)”可知，本段主要介绍了特殊的头部对于这种鲨鱼捕食的作用，故D选项“双髻鲨可以通过其头足部的V形切口来区分”符合语境，故选D。 39．根据上文“Though widespread, the scalloped hammerhead, one of the nine species of hammerhead, is most commonly encountered in the Hammerhead Triangle in the eastern Pacific. While it can be relatively easily observed at a number of sites, particularly around seamounts, there are only a few places where it gathers in large numbers.(双髻鲨是九种双髻鲨中的一种，虽然分布广泛，但在东太平洋的双髻鲨三角区最常见。虽然在许多地方，特别是海山附近，可以相对容易地观察到它，但只有少数地方它会大量聚集)”以及后文“These groups of sharks tend to consist mostly of females, with the males remaining out in deeper waters.(这些鲨鱼群往往主要由雌性组成，雄性则留在更深的水域)”可知，上文提到了这种鲨鱼会大量聚集，推测本句针对这一行为进行评价，故E选项“由于大多数食物链顶端的捕食者都是“孤狼”，这被认为是非常不寻常的行为”符合语境，故选E。 40．根据上文“However, with hammerheads consistently ranking among the world’s top underwater wildlife attractions, shark tourism now contributes millions towards regional economies, thereby presenting a sustainable alternative to fishing them into extinction.(然而，由于双髻鲨一直是世界上最受欢迎的水下野生动物之一，鲨鱼旅游现在为地区经济贡献了数百万美元，从而提供了一个可持续的替代捕捞它们灭绝的选择)”可知，上文提到了双髻鲨发展成为了旅游业，带来了很高的经济受益，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明发展观赏鲨鱼旅游业促进鲨鱼的保护，故F选项“毫无疑问，那些欣赏这一壮观景象的人都同意，鲨鱼身上的鳍比它们漂浮在一碗汤里好看多了”符合语境，“floating in a bowl of soup”与上一段“With its fins highly prized as the key ingredient in shark-fin soup”相对应。故选F。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） Exoplanets (外行星): The Hunt Is On Today scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have proposed that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar system. The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed. 41 Although not the first exoplanet discovery, a planet near a sun-like star was discovered by astronomers in 1995. This kicked off an era of exoplanet hunting, with thousands of discoveries and confirmations following in its wake. 42 However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable” zone. This is the distance from a star where surface temperatures of a planet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold for liquid water. So far, only a small slice of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored. Even so, scientists have confirmed over 3,500 exoplanets, with more being added every day. To detect exoplanets, scientists use data from a variety of sources. Large ground-based telescopes, earth-circling and sun-circling satellites all collect different types of information. Because exoplanets are so far away and very close to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly. 43 For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit (凌日) method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets this way. As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake. 44 Measuring these slight changes is the radial velocity (径向速度) method of discovering planets. It is one of the most productive methods for finding and confirming exoplanets. These are just two examples of the many methods scientists use in their hunt for exoplanets, hoping for more information and enhanced detail. As time progresses and technology improves, who knows what else we may find! A．Scientists use indirect methods to discover exoplanets. B．Most exoplanets are very different from the ones in our solar system. C．As the star moves unsteadily, it changes the wavelength of the light we see. D．Astronomers have detected signals indicating the presence of a planet. E．However, we have developed the technology to prove their existence only in the last few decades. F．Direct detection of the visible light from giant planets in space is becoming increasingly possible. 【答案】41．E 42．B 43．A 44．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要介绍了科学家探索系外行星系统的历程。 41．上文“The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed.”（太阳系外行星或者系外行星的存在已经被讨论了很久）与E. However, we have developed the technology to prove their existence only in the last few decades.(然而，只有在过去的几十年中，我们才发展技术来证明它们的存在。)承接自然，上下文构成明显的转折关系，选项中的 only in the last few decades对应上文的has long been discussed，此外existence是关键词。故选E。 42．根据下文“However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable” zone. ”（然而，2015年美国航天总局的开普勒太空望远镜在一个“宜居”区域发现了第一颗地球大小的行星）可推知，大多数系外行星和太阳系的行星不同。B. Most exoplanets are very different from the ones in our solar system.（大多数的系外行星和我们太阳系的行星不同。）符合语境，上下文构成明显的转折关系，most对应下文的fisrt。故选B。 43．根据下文“For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit (凌日) method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets this way.”（例如，当一颗系外行星在它的恒星和我们之间移动时，会导致恒星的亮度稍微下降。测量这种下降就是凌日发现法。美国航天总局的开普勒太空望远镜就是通过这种方法发现了很多系外行星。）可推知，科学家用间接方法去发现系外行星。A. Scientists use indirect methods to discover exoplanets.（科学家用间接方法去发现系外行星）符合语境。故选A。 44．前文“As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake.”（当行星绕着恒星转动时，它会拉动恒星并使其震动）与C. As the star moves unsteadily, it changes the wavelength of the light we see.（当恒星移动不稳定时，它会改变我们看到的光的波长）承接自然，选项陈述了恒星被行星拉动时产生的结果，star是关键词。故选C。 1 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读六选四 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·上海市建平中学·期末） More Relevant Than Ever: Ghost in the Shell At 30 On May 10th, Ghost in the Shell was released in the Chinese mainland for the first time, celebrating the 30th anniversary of the anime (日本动漫) classic. What felt like a philosophical fantasy in 1995 is becoming a wise prediction about the near future. If you don’t know, Ghost in the Shell is set in a world where humans live alongside cyborgs that are part human, part machine. The lead character is Major Motoko Kusanagi, a cyborg agent working for an intelligence department. When tasked with tracking a mysterious hacker known as the Puppet Master, she is forced to confront existential questions about identity and the nature of self. It seems that the distinction between human and machine is no longer clear. 1 We are living at a time when our identities are extending into the digital world. 2 Reality is being shaped by the algorithms as we are shown only what we want to see. Meanwhile, face and fingerprint recognition allows us convenient access to devices and even physical spaces. Our thoughts, choices, and emotions become data points. and we are largely defined by social media profiles and digital footprints. 3 Unlike many sci-fi films, it does not present technology as evil; rather, it examines our interdependent relationship with it. In doing so, it exposes how easily we give up autonomy for convenience. MajorKusanagi is known by her colleagues as the artificial “shell” she occupies, yet she constantly wonders whether she has any true self inside. In a lot of ways, we are all Major Kusanagi, questioning essentially “What makes me me?” But there’s no need to panic. Existential crises existed long before we even thought about machines replacing us. When director Mamoru Oshii made Ghost in the Shell, it was less about the rise of technology than the essence of human beings. 4 . Thanks to developing technologies, we are changing faster than ever now — that’s just human nature. A．According to the Puppet Master: “To be human is to continually change.” B．The very definition of identity is challenged in this mind-blowing film. C．As we scroll, tap, and click, we are creating “ghosts” of ourselves in the sea of information. D．This philosophical anxiety shouldn’t paralyze(使…瘫痪) us with fear E．Ghost in the Shell warned us about this, not in a scary way, but with curiosity. F．The Puppet Master’s motives remain unclear until the final act. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市黄浦区格致中学·期末） What Your “Age” Says About You Imagine, for a moment, that you had no birth certificate and your age was simply based on the way you feel inside. How old would you say you are? Like your height or shoe size, the number of years that have passed since you first entered the world is an unchangeable fact. 5 Scientists are increasingly interested in this quality. They are finding that our “subjective age” may be essential for understanding the reasons why some people appear to be energetic as they grow old—while others fade. 6 It is now well accepted that people tend to mature as they get older, becoming less extroverted and less open to new experiences. These personality changes are often considered more obvious in the people with older subjective ages. However, those who feel younger than they really are also become more reliable and less neurotic as they gain the wisdom that comes with greater life experience. But it doesn’t come at the cost of the energy and vigor of youth. It’s not true that having a lower subjective age leaves us frozen in a state of permanent immaturity. Feeling younger than your years also seems to come with a lower risk of depression and greater mental wellbeing as we age. 7 Most people felt about eight years younger than their actual chronological age (实际年龄). But some felt they had aged — and the consequences were serious. Feeling between 8 and 13 years older than your actual age resulted in an 18-25% greater risk of death over the study periods, and greater disease burden—even when you control for other demographic (人口学的) factors such as education, race or marital status. 8 However old you really are, it’s worth questioning whether any of those limitations are coming from the within. A．It also means better physical health. B．One of the most interesting aspects of the research has explored how subjective age interacts with our personality. C．Some studies have explored the potential physical consequences of this difference. D．These findings can give us all a view of the way our own brains and bodies endure the passing of time. E．But everyday experience suggests that people often don’t experience ageing the same way. F．Many researchers are now trying to study how this knowledge might help us live longer. 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市浦东新区·期末） There Are Things to Love About Winter As soon as the temperature drops, my husband experiences a change. Like a bear in reverse, he comes alive in winter. I am his opposite. 9 I spent last weekend in a state of gloom, pulling out our family’s collection of giant, shapeless coats. Many people love winter, but if you’re not one of them, “you don’t have to just accept that you’ll be bad-tempered at this time of year,” said Kari Leibowitz, a health psychologist and author of “How to Winter: Harness Your Mindset to Thrive on Cold, Dark or Difficult Days.” Having a more positive approach doesn’t mean denying the realities of dark mornings or icy roads, she said. But when you write off wintertime, she added, you’re writing off a quarter of your life. Instead of “wishing away winter and waiting for spring,” Dr. Leibowitz said, lean into the cooling weather by planning cozy activities and rituals. Make a list of books we want to read during the cozy season, she suggested. 10 She gave some examples, such as baking, knitting or painting. “ 11 ” Holli-Anne Passmore, an associate professor of psychology, said. But she has found in her research that when people actively pay attention to their natural surroundings and notice how it makes them feel, it significantly boosts their well-being. One research subject wrote, “I felt awe that such a tiny bird can withstand the cold.” Another wrote: “I love trees, especially big ones. 12 ” I’ve already begun to take the experts’ advice: I ordered some cozy winter socks and am assembling my cold-weather reading list. A．Adapt summer activities for winter. B．Too often, we ignore the natural world in winter. C．When the leaves begin to fall, so does my mood. D．And start planning some “slow hobbies” we can do indoors. E．If the holidays tire me out, I can carve out time to rest and recover in January. F．I feel humbled by their size, knowing just how much more lies beneath the surface, too. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市杨浦区·期末） Study with Me On social media, people share knowledge through videos — from piano lessons to computer repair. When seeking answers, many turn to YouTube, including those struggling with studying.   That’s where Study with Me (SWM) videos come into play. In Korea, the popular videos are called “gongbang,” which means Study Broadcast. In Japan, they’re called “benkyou douga,” and in America and other countries, they’re called Study with Me. 13 Students create and share videos of themselves studying attentively, usually for an exam. The camera often focuses on a clean desk with a tidy display of books, notebooks, a computer and a timer. Throughout most of the videos, no words are spoken; the focus is on the creator as he or she studies. The point is not to teach anything but simply to provide a study companion.   14 Financial site Business Insider says this type of video “serves a real purpose, helping people focus.”   The Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology performed research on Study with Me videos and discovered several benefits. First, people can set up quiet study areas in their homes to view the videos. This cuts down on their commute to libraries or established study rooms. 15 Finally, viewers gain emotional support by knowing that they are part of a group with perhaps thousands of others, all working toward the same goal. Some viewers have said that Study with Me “satisfies the need for belonging and social contact” by providing a sense of companionship. 16 Some SWM livestreams, where viewers can chat with each other in real time, feel like online study groups. This helps create a satisfactory study environment where students can find the inspiration they need to stay on task. A．Next, observing the diligence of the creator often motivates viewers, especially those who have trouble studying. B．No matter what their names are, millions of viewers have joined the SWM craze. C．Moreover, with teachers answering questions and facilitating discussions, the learning atmosphere becomes highly engaging. D．The creator becomes a study mate, which reduces the isolation many students feel. E．Are SWM cideos just “lazy content,” or are they beneficial? F．Yet others point out that such peer-driven pressure can leave viewers feeling tense and uneasy. 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市静安区·期末） Innovations in Food Production: Cultivated Meat Innovators in the United States and around the world will soon bring to market new and transformative products that have the ability to reshape animal agriculture as we know it. Consumers will be able to purchase meat and other animal-derived foods without supporting cruel, unclean, and unsafe factory farms and slaughterhouses. Cultivated meat — also referred to as slaughter-free meat or cell-based meat, is just that — animal meat produced from animals’ cells, without having to raise and kill living, feeling beings. 17 We do not need to rely on this flawed industrial system. Cultivated meat production will remove the need to crowd thousands of animals into cages and crowded barns, and of course would not require billions of animals to be slaughtered each year. The cell culturing process — similar to those used in making beer and cheese — can replace factory farms and eliminate the need to slaughter animals. Not only will cultivated meat production cut out the cruelty and suffering inherent in industrial factory farming, it promises to dramatically reduce environmental impacts. 18 They place these dangerous substances in massive “lagoons” that dot the American landscape. These waste lagoons threaten the public health and often spill over to pollute miles of waterways and kill countless wild animals. These lagoons are entirely absent from cultivated meat production. Absent too would be the bad smells and other harmful air pollutants local communities have to endure thanks to factory farms. And factory farms have to use huge amounts of antibiotics and other drugs to prevent and control disease because they crowd stressed, suffering animals by the thousands into dirty warehouses. 19 Every year more and more consumers are rejecting cruel and unsustainable factory-farmed products and demanding something better. 20 And that trend is only gaining momentum. For example, data collected by the Plant Based Foods Association (PBFA) found a 24% year to year growth in demand for plant-based meats in 2018! As interest in healthier and more sustainable options to slaughtered meat increases, cultivated meat can step in to help meet this booming demand. A．In contrast, cultivated meat production facilities will provide safe, clean, and controlled environments. B．Factory farms necessitate the disposal of animal waste, drugs, and chemicals. C．Animal agriculture causes animal suffering, pollutes the environment, and threatens human welfare. D．While cultivated meat avoids slaughter, some worry about its sensory qualities. E．We have seen dramatic growth in the demand for plant-based meats and milks in recent years. F．Some worry that scaling up production may require significant energy, reducing its environmental edge. 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市海华东师范大学附属进华中学·期末） A writer for all time 21 At that point, seven years after the playwright’s death, Shakespeare was just one of many respected writers of his era, but in the years that followed the words of that preface proved to be true. His reputation grew and grew and today Shakespeare is widely recognized as the greatest writer in the history of English literature. His plays live on, translated into at least 80 languages and performed all over the globe. Why is it that, 400 years after his death, his work is still rated so highly? Many writers before Shakespeare could write great comedy, or tragedy, or history, but Shakespeare could tell great stories in all these genres and more: from fantastic fairy tale (A Midsummer Night’s Dream) to political play (Richard Ⅲ). 22 In fact, he usually took them from traditional stories, history or other writers. In his hands, however, they became powerful tales that went beyond time and culture. Romeo and Juliet is a story of love, hate and teenage rebellion against strict parents. Macbeth shows the dangers of ruthless ambition. Othello deals with insecurity, trust and jealousy. 23 As well as productions using the original language and settings, there have been imaginative reinterpretations as musicals (Romeo and Juliet / West Side Story), sci-fi films(The Tempest/ Forbidden Planet), high school romantic comedies(welfth Night/ She’s the Man), Bollywood films (Macbeth/ Maqbool), and even children’s cartoons (Hamlet/ The Lion King). While some parts of Shakespeare’s plays are in prose, his greatest speeches are in verse and their language, though old-fashioned, still arouses modern audiences’ feelings. His jokes ensure that the theatre is often filled with laughter, but moments later there might be a most beautiful passage about love or chilling words about death, revenge or jealousy. 24 It is thought that he started writing these in 1592 when the disease stopped Londoners from being able to go to the theatre. They include some of the most famous lines about love and beauty in the English. A．He rarely came up with original plots for his plays. B．“He was not of an age, but for all time!” stated the preface of William Shakespeare’s collected plays when they were first published in 1623. C．It’s no surprise that theatre and film directors return again and again to his plays for their material. D．Even individual words were a chance for Shakespeare to show off his creativity. E．They include everyday words, such as generous, apostrophe, hurry, road and amazement. F．As well as at least 37 plays, he is known 30 for 154 short poems called sonnets. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市宝山区·期末） Fifty-year-old Chen Hong and 40-year-old Lei Na from Chongqing have made history by becoming the first blind couple in China to complete a full marathon. During the 2024 Shanghai Marathon on Dec.1, assisted by five escort runners (护跑队员) ，Chen and Lei accomplished a 42.19-kilometer full marathon in 5 hours and 47 minutes. Their marathon journey began on Oct.15, 2022, with the founding of the Chongqing branch of Running in the Dark. Running in the Dark is a national charity that supports partially sighted runners. 25 The organization has also broadened its range to include sports such as hiking, cycling and swimming. Among the earliest participants, Chen and Lei seldom miss any of the branch’s monthly running events. Despite both losing their eyesight, the couple has steadily improved their running skills, with their escort runners alongside. 26 One person is visually damaged and the other acts as an escort runner, who alerts the former to turns, obstacles on the track and running techniques. “We serve as their eyes, but they help us see from our souls. 27 ” said Lu Wei, founder of the Chongqing branch. “By removing the obstacles they face during exercise, we hope to create a closer bond with each other.” To prepare for the full marathon in Shanghai, Chen and Lei spent eight months diligently engaged in running and various exercises to enhance their physical and core strength. “I think more people with disabilities should connect with society, which gives them love and respect, rather than isolating themselves at home. We only live once. 28 ” Chen said. A．It originated in Shanghai in 2016 and has grown to 27 branches nationwide. B．So why not reveal our true colors? C．Each makes the other better. D．They not only show their efforts, but also present an optimistic outlook on life. E．The participants run in pairs, holding a short rope between them. F．It’s just the beginning of their brand-new lives. 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市宜川中学·期末） Why you get anxiety at night According to the Sleep Foundation in America, a conservative estimate (保守估计) is that 10 to 30 percent of adults experience difficulty falling asleep, especially due to anxious thoughts. Indeed, a study from the University of Oxford found that a key difference between insomniacs (失眠者) and the control group (对照组) was the content of their thoughts during bedtime. The problem sleepers were more focused on worries and concerns. 29 Many of us may have had the experience of falling fast asleep in front of the TV. However, when we take ourselves to bed, we lie there wide-awake with anxious thoughts racing through our minds. One of the main reasons is the lack of distraction. When you’re busy during the day, your brain is occupied with all manner of tasks and activities. In the evening, you might eat dinner, chat and then watch TV. All the while, the regions involved in planning and decision making in your brain are occupied. 30 Your mind is entirely free to turn in on itself, either to worry about all of the things that have been happening to you recently or the next day to come. Psychologists are increasingly realizing that one of the least effective ways to deal with troubling thoughts is to try to fight them. Doing so only increases their existence, making them hang around for longer. 31 One practical way to solve this problem is by making it a practice to write in a daily journal before going to bed. It’s as if the writing exercise got the anxious thoughts out of their heads and onto paper, making it easier for them to drop off. For many people, it’s not worries about the past that keep them awake, but worries about all of the things that they have yet to do. 32 If this fits with your own experiences, there’s evidence that you too could benefit from getting all of those worries out onto paper. Generally speaking, worry (in moderation) is a normal human activity. Rather than trying to fight it, the trick to getting a peaceful night’s sleep is to plan a time earlier in the day to give your brain a chance to avoid the building up of any potential anxieties. That way, when your head hits the pillow, you’ll find it easier to sail off to dreamland on calm waters. A．Instead, it’s better to accept the thoughts, so as to allow them to pass in time. B．As compared, the healthy controls tended to think about nothing in particular. C．Researchers asked them to spend five minutes before bedtime writing about all that they’d done. D．Yet the moment you rest your head on your pillow, all external distractions are suddenly gone. E．Indeed, there’s some evidence that Sunday nights are the worst for insomnia for this very reason. F．The key seems to be that participants wrote their to-do list rather than mentally thought about their unfinished tasks. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市敬业中学·期末） Google is my doctor When illustrator Scott Adams lost his voice, his doctors were confused. 33 It turned out that Scott was suffering from spasmodic dysphonia-a neurological disorder affecting the muscles to voice. With the help of Google Alerts and advice from his doctors, Scott got in touch with an expert in the US and had special surgery on his throat to cure his problem. He is now a firm believer of using the Internet for self-diagnosis. Adams is one of an increasing number of people who have started using the Internet to get health advice. The advantages are numerous, starting of course with the obvious convenience of getting a diagnosis from the comfort of your own home. 34 But the Internet can provide a vast number of specialized experts, and Googling can help you tap in to that. Diagnosing minor medical problems from information on the Internet can also have an impact on society’s medical costs. You can compare insect bites with Internet pictures, ask what type they are and whether they are dangerous without wasting your busy doctor’s precious time. However, it must be said that diagnosis is tricky, and comparing your rash (疹子) with an online photo may lead you down the wrong path. 35 Doctors also take into account your medical history, state of mind, etc. So no computerized symptoms checklist can equal a complete professional assessment. In conclusion, the Internet is a good starting point in diagnosing your health problems, but you should always consult your doctor before acting on anything you find there. 36 A．This condition was the very one that made him unable to speak. B．It was not until he turned to the Internet that he managed to identify his condition. C．On a professional level, there is no way one doctor can be an expert in everything. D．Appearance provides only ten percent of the information needed to make a diagnosis. E．To sum up, if your doctor refuses to talk to you, the Internet will give you a better solution. F．Do not underestimate the value of talking to real people — doctors and telephone helplines will help you put what you read into context. 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学·期末） All Rise With just over 500 different species of shark classified, and a further two dozen waiting to be formally scientifically named, shark classification is not for the faint-hearted. 37 Sporting a wide, flattened head that is uniquely shaped like a double-headed hammer, it’s not hard to see how these sharks got their name. The eyes and openings at the end of the nose are located at either end of the “hammer” — or cephalopodic, as it’s technically called. 38 While undoubtedly giving the sharks extra lift, the cephalopodic may also help them make sharper turns in the water. The widely spaced eyes allow for effective three-D vision, while the head’s broad shape also houses a sense organ operating like an underwater metal detector, it helps the predators (捕食性动物) to detect prey (猎物) hidden on or just under the sea-floor deposit. Though widespread, the scalloped hammerhead, one of the nine species of hammerhead, is most commonly encountered in the Hammerhead Triangle in the eastern Pacific. While it can be relatively easily observed at a number of sites, particularly around seamounts, there are only a few places where it gathers in large numbers. 39 These groups of sharks tend to consist mostly of females, with the males remaining out in deeper waters. At locations such as the Hammerhead Triangle, numbers can reach into the hundreds or even, on occasion, thousands. As the sharks tend to assemble relatively close to the water’s surface, this is one ocean spectacle (壮观的景象) for diver. With its fins highly prized as the key ingredient in shark-fin soup, it’s no surprise that the scalloped hammerhead has experienced a dramatic population decline. Any sharks caught are often subjected to the frankly horrible treatment of ‘finning’, whereby fins are sliced off and the bodies thrown overboard. However, with hammerheads consistently ranking among the world’s top underwater wildlife attractions, shark tourism now contributes millions towards regional economies, thereby presenting a sustainable alternative to fishing them into extinction. 40 A．Added to this, the shark is often the victim of fishing bycatch. B．The explanation behind the shape of the hammerhead’s head has long been debated. C．But there is one group that everyone would immediately recognize the hammerheads. D．The scalloped hammerhead can be distinguished by the V-shaped cut at its cephalopodic. E．As most predators at the top of the food chain operate as ‘lone wolves’, this is considered highly unusual behaviour. F．Doubtless, those enjoying this magnificent spectacle agree that the fins look far better on the sharks than they do floating in a bowl of soup. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） Exoplanets (外行星): The Hunt Is On Today scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have proposed that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar system. The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed. 41 Although not the first exoplanet discovery, a planet near a sun-like star was discovered by astronomers in 1995. This kicked off an era of exoplanet hunting, with thousands of discoveries and confirmations following in its wake. 42 However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable” zone. This is the distance from a star where surface temperatures of a planet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold for liquid water. So far, only a small slice of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored. Even so, scientists have confirmed over 3,500 exoplanets, with more being added every day. To detect exoplanets, scientists use data from a variety of sources. Large ground-based telescopes, earth-circling and sun-circling satellites all collect different types of information. Because exoplanets are so far away and very close to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly. 43 For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit (凌日) method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets this way. As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake. 44 Measuring these slight changes is the radial velocity (径向速度) method of discovering planets. It is one of the most productive methods for finding and confirming exoplanets. These are just two examples of the many methods scientists use in their hunt for exoplanets, hoping for more information and enhanced detail. As time progresses and technology improves, who knows what else we may find! A．Scientists use indirect methods to discover exoplanets. B．Most exoplanets are very different from the ones in our solar system. C．As the star moves unsteadily, it changes the wavelength of the light we see. D．Astronomers have detected signals indicating the presence of a planet. E．However, we have developed the technology to prove their existence only in the last few decades. F．Direct detection of the visible light from giant planets in space is becoming increasingly possible. 6 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $学科网 主题01人与社会 1.B 2.C 3.E 4. 5.E 6.B 7.A 8. 主题02人与自我 9.C 10.D 11.B 13.B 14.E 15.A 主题03人与自然 17.C 18.B 19.A 主题01人与社会 21.B 22.A 23.C www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题07阅读六选四 基础必练 Passage 1 A Passage 2 D Passage 1 12.F Passage 2 16.D Passage 1 20.E 进阶 提升 Passage 1 24.F 1/2 学科网 25.A26.E27.C28.B 主题02人与自我一 29.B30.D31.A32.E 33.B34.C35.D36.F 主题03人与自然 37.C38.D39.E40.F 41.E42.B43.A44.C www zxxk.com Passage 2 Passage 1 Passage 2 Passage 1 Passage 2 2/2 让教与学更高效