专题03 完形填空（期末真题汇编，上海专用）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 聚焦人与社会、自我、自然三大主题，精选上海多所重点中学期末完形填空试题，情境涵盖年度热词“manifest”、《弗兰肯斯坦》选段、英雄大鼠护生态等，时代性与人文性兼具。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |完形填空|172题|词汇辨析（如suspended/serve）、逻辑连接（Instead/However）、上下文推理|以真实案例（如格致中学“非传统荣誉生”）和跨学科素材（鱼类冰水生存原理）考查语言能力，融入批判性思维（如“努力与成绩”辩证关系）|

专题03 完形填空 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·上海市黄浦区格致中学·期末） Taylor works full-time in the cleaning department while co-parenting his 10-year-old son. Ada, a cancer survivor, was enduring the miserable treatment. Mohammad was kicked out of prep school, then 1 for 100 days from high school for selling chocolate to his classmates. Emanuel was 2 a three-year sentence for armed robbery. These are not the profiles of students who get admitted to a classic university-run honors college. 3 , they are enrolled at the Honors Living-Learning Community of Rutgers University-Newark, an institution where they and others with similarly 4 life stories are pushing the boundaries of what defines an honors college by emphasizing courage in overcoming life’s difficulties, rather than 5 . Across the United States, the continuous drive for reputation has generated the 6 in the number of honors colleges. Nearly 900 schools, almost all being public universities and community colleges belong to the National Collegiate Honors Council. Among them, it is usually a brilliant idea for an institution to 7 applicants whose top-of-the-class high-school records and SAT scores would assure a renowned private university. The bait (诱饵) is the honors college, which promises the intimate feel of a small college within a(n) 8 state school. The students in these honors colleges, mostly white and middle-class, receive concierge treatment (礼宾待遇) with considerable scholarships, separate housing, special seminars, faculty mentors, research opportunities and first crack at courses in high demand. However, things are 9 at the Honors Living-Learning Community, which mainly enrolls black and Latino students–nearly twice as many as the total of black and Latino undergraduates in the rest of Rutgers-Newark’s programs. Their high-school grades and SAT scores are lower than the campus average. While academic skill 10 in determining who gets selected, the emphasis is on these students’ perseverance, their drive to learn and their passion for social justice. Every 11 of the honors program comes straight from the book on how to engage undergraduates 12 , and minority students in particular. The students receive scholarships that cover their living expenses well as tuition. Without this 13 , most couldn’t enroll full-time, and evidence shows that part-time students are far less likely to graduate. A 14 number of community college graduates are admitted, which gives 18-year-olds, fresh out of high school, an opportunity to learn from peers with more life 15 . 1．A．graduated B．abandoned C．prohibited D．suspended 2．A．reading B．serving C．passing D．escaping 3．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Instead D．Similarly 4．A．faulty B．smooth C．meaningful D．interesting 5．A．social experience B．family backgrounds C．academic performance D．human relationships 6．A．pursuit B．explosion C．exploit D．progress 7．A．tempt B．enroll C．introduce D．cultivate 8．A．remote B．public C．packed D．outstanding 9．A．difficult B．different C．discouraging D．disturbing 10．A．differs B．ranges C．matters D．varies 11．A．student B．major C．component D．college 12．A．especially B．intensively C．generally D．particularly 13．A．passion B．aim C．aid D．initiative 14．A．stable B．certain C．random D．growing 15．A．expectancy B．tragedy C．experience D．passion Passage 2 （24-25高二下·海市海华东师范大学附属进华中学·期末） Frankenstein On a stormy night in 1815, a young, 18-year-old girl had a 16 nightmare. The nightmare was terrible, but it gave her an idea for a tale — a tale that would become the most recognized 17 story in the world: the story of Frankenstein's monster. The author's name was Mary Shelley (1797 — 1851). Her novel describes the trials of an 18 young scientist, Dr Frankenstein, who uses his knowledge to bring an inanimate body to life, but then 19 the shocking “monster” he creates. At the time of writing, the story was a powerful warning 20 scientific advances and is the Industrial Revolution, which was about 21 across Europe. Many artists and writers were concerned 22 this industrialization and the effect it would have 23 man's relationship with nature. They saw danger in the new scientific advances. Volume 1, Chapter 4 It was on a dreary night in November that I completed my work. With an anxiety that almost 24 to pain, I collected the instruments of life around me that I might add a small amount of being to the lifeless thing that 25 at my feet. It was already one in the morning; the rain fell dismally against the windows, and my candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the failing light, I saw the yellow eye of the 26 open; it breathed hard, and a sudden movement disturbed its arms and legs. How can I describe my emotions at this disaster, or how to describe the terrible creature I had tried to form? His arms and legs were in proportion, and I had selected his 27 as beautiful. Beautiful! His yellow skin 28 covered the muscles beneath; his hair was black and flowing; his teeth of a pearly whiteness that formed a horrible contrast with his watery eyes, his 29 face and straight black mouth. I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the only purpose of breathing life into an inanimate body. For this I had 30 myself of rest and health, but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream disappeared, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. 16．A．moral B．vivid C．massive D．pure 17．A．horror B．motivation C．peak D．charm 18．A．elegant B．ambitious C．innocent D．patient 19．A．rejects B．boosts C．hacks D．rebels 20．A．at B．with C．against D．of 21．A．spread B．spreading C．to spread D．to spreading 22．A．at B．to C．about D．with 23．A．at B．to C．about D．on 24．A．amounted B．attained C．combined D．engaged 25．A．lies B．lied C．laid D．lay 26．A．creature B．cage C．civilian D．comedy 27．A．features B．settings C．symbols D．professions 28．A．universally B．barely C．unrealistically D．artificially 29．A．shifted B．rooted C．eased D．wrinkled 30．A．deprived B．behaved C．decreased D．tackled 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市建平中学·期末） No, You Don’t Get an A Just for Effort After 20 years of teaching, I thought I’d heard every argument in the book from students who wanted a better grade. But recently, multiple students had a new complaint: “My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.” High marks are for 31 , not grit (硬扛，死磕). In the past, students understood that hard work was not sufficient; an A required great work. Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the quantity of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge. In surveys, two-thirds of college students say that “trying hard” should be a factor in their grades, and a third think they should get at least a B just for 32 at (most) classes. This isn’t Gen Z’s fault. It’s the result of a(n) 33 about one of the most popular educational theories. More than a generation ago, the psychologist Carol Dweck published groundbreaking experiments that changed how many parents and teachers talk to kids. Praising kids for their abilities 34 their resilience (韧劲), making them more likely to give up when they encountered setbacks. To persist and learn in the face of challenges, kids needed to believe that abilities and skills are 35 , and the best way to nurture this growth mindset was to shift from praising intelligence to effort. This idea quickly made its way into viral articles, best-selling books and popular TED talks. Psychologists have long found that rewarding effort cultivates a strong work ethic and reinforces learning. That’s especially 36 for students who weren’t born into comfort or don’t have a record of achievement. 37 , the problem is that we’ve taken the practice of celebrating hard work. We are treating it as an end in itself. We’ve taught a generation of kids that their worth is defined 38 by their work ethic. That does great harm to the students. One study found that if there wasn’t a time limit, the higher people scored on their own 39 , the more likely they were to stick to a task they will never accomplish. This is what worries me most about valuing perseverance above all else: It can motivate people to stick with a bad 40 instead of developing better ones. With students, a textbook example is pulling all-nighters rather than spacing out their studying over a few days. Teachers and parents owe kids a more 41 message. There’s a reason we award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest, not the ones who train the hardest. Motivation is only one of multiple variables (变量) in the achievement equation (等式). Ability, opportunity and luck 42 , too. The ideal 43 to a disappointing grade is not to complain that your diligence wasn’t rewarded. It’s to ask how you could make your investment 44 better. Trying harder isn’t always the answer. Sometimes it’s working smarter, and other times it’s working on something else altogether. Every teacher should support students to succeed. In my classes, I make it clear that my goal is to give as many A’s as possible. But they’re earned through mastering all. The true 45 of learning is not the time and energy you put in. It’s the knowledge and skills you take out. 31．A．industriousness B．engagement C．morality D．excellence 32．A．doing well B．showing up C．nodding off D．burning out 33．A．misunderstanding B．stretching C．extinction D．emergence 34．A．creates B．restores C．stocks D．hurts 35．A．intangible B．attainable C．preservable D．valuable 36．A．fearful B．sentimental C．dreary D．important 37．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Besides 38．A．barely B．initially C．primarily D．proportionately 39．A．grit B．education C．adaptability D．intellect 40．A．tendency B．strategy C．motive D．criterion 41．A．balanced B．universal C．motivational D．random 42．A．vary B．arise C．count D．interfere 43．A．switch B．response C．obstacle D．access 44．A．run out B．drop in C．catch on D．pay off 45．A．measurement B．significance C．theory D．reward Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市宜川中学·期末） Don’t Hibernate AH, WINTER, the season of roast dinners and heated blankets. Not so much time for getting up early to hit the gym, going for a run in the evening darkness, or even taking a brief walk at lunch time. The evidence confirms what you probably 46 . In winter, most people tend to spend more time in a sedentary (久坐的) way. Does that mean we casual exercisers are fated to 47 in the icy months, or are there ways to address it? And does anything about the colder, darker months actually make maintaining our 48 easier? First of all, it is helpful for you to make the effort during winter, even if you are not 49 about your six-pack (发达的腹肌). Seasonal affective disorder (properly abbreviated as SAD), which is often linked to reduced 50 to sunlight during the shorter winter days, may affect not just mood but your health as well. While exercise is not a cure-all, studies suggest that it can help to 51 the mood disorder. Are there benefits to training in cold weather? This is 52 . For years, it was assumed that bodies burn more calories in the cold to keep warm, while also helping the body’s-white fat to take on the properties of brown fat, which 53 as a fuel to maintain body temperature. However, just how beneficial the process can be is open to 54 . Still, the benefits of exercise make it more than worth toughing out the odd pre-dawn alarm. But how do you get it done? “My top tip would be to either use your commute (通勤) to get your workout in, or make sure you get out again as soon as you get home,” says running coach Havley Hemmings. “I’d also 55 teaming up with someone so you’re accountable to go for a run.” Of course, if training outdoors does not sound like fun, even when you are 56 up, there are other options. Walking 4,000 steps a day, for example, can significantly reduce your risk of all-cause mortality (死亡率). At the other end of the range, a short, sharp 57 of high-intensity interval training can boost your mood while helping to reduce fat. If you are not used to training, an entry-level 58 is the Timmons Method, or 20 seconds of squats (深蹲) or kettlebell (壶铃) swings work, followed by two minutes of active recovery (just moving around) repeated a few times. And finally, don’t 59 the importance of your mood on getting you to work out in the first place. There is fairly strong evidence that 60 vitamin D can positively affect your mood, and it is nearly impossible to get enough from the sun in winter. Get a supplement (补充剂) — and don’t be afraid to chase it with roast dinners. 46．A．pretend B．regret C．suspect D．understand 47．A．break down B．fall behind C．set off D．wake up 48．A．balance B．fitness C．innocence D．reputation 49．A．annoyed B．excited C．disappointed D．concerned 50．A．addiction B．desire C．exposure D．preference 51．A．detect B．diagnose C．relieve D．treat 52．A．funnier B．rarer C．stranger D．trickier 53．A．abandons B．employs C．functions D．targets 54．A．interpretation B．adaptation C．negotiation D．temptation 55．A．appreciate B．practice C．recommend D．resist 56．A．built B．wrapped C．set D．held 57．A．component B．burst C．block D．portion 58．A．alternative B．opportunity C．requirement D．technique 59．A．emphasize B．investigate C．underestimate D．welcome 60．A．inadequate B．excessive C．superior D．sufficient 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市徐汇区南洋中学·期末） Nobody loves a dirty rat, right? But what about an African giant pouched rat, a Goliath-sized rodent (啮齿动物) weighing 1.5-2kg (three to four times the size of our own brown rat) and 61 to the grasslands of southern Africa? Over the past 25 years, these giant rats — known as ‘hero rats’ by the people who train them — have been used to   62 deadly landmines and tuberculosis pathogens (结合病原体) in medical samples. Now, there’s even more reason to love these rodents—they could play an important role in 63 the illegal wildlife trade, thanks to their amazing sense of smell. Research by scientists from the non-profit group APOPO shows that giant rats can spot samples of elephant ivory, rhino horn, pangolin scales, and African hardwood, even when these 64 wildlife products are mixed with non-target items. Law enforcement already uses high-tech scanners and detection dogs. So why rats? Senior scientist Isabelle Szott explains they have 65 over traditional methods. First, a rat costs $8,000 to train versus up to $30,000 for a dog. Airport scanners can cost 66 from $30,000 to $1.2 million. “Their light weight is also an important 67 for detection,” says Szott. “Rats can be lifted to higher locations, like shipping containers’ airing systems.” 68 , rats can go where dogs cannot. Dogs often need the same handler, while rats are less 69 , making them flexible. APOPO has successfully tested rats at Tanzania’s Dar es Salaam port. Now, they aim to expand globally. APOPO 70 with Tanzania’s Wildlife Authority, and Singapore and France have shown interest. ‘Hero rats’ doesn’t do them justice — they’re ‘super rats’! 61．A．negative B．native C．decisive D．productive 62．A．destroy B．ignore C．avoid D．detect 63．A．fighting B．supporting C．ignoring D．funding 64．A．authentic B．profitable C．ordinary D．harmful 65．A．flaws B．habits C．risks D．advantages 66．A．anywhere B．nowhere C．everywhere D．somewhere 67．A．problem B．mistake C．aspect D．theory 68．A．Therefore B．However C．In other words D．Similarly 69．A．demanding B．intelligent C．loyal D．aggressive 70．A．competes B．disagrees C．cooperates D．argues Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市宝山区行知中学·期末） How Do Fish Survive in Icy Waters? Animals like seals, penguins, and a wide variety of sea birds are all fish eaters. They live in the Arctic and Antarctic Circle, among the icecaps. The land is completely frozen. Yet these animals 71 to live in this region. How do they do it? The icy waters of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans 72 a great amount of marine life. For millions of years, life has remained unchanged, making it possible for these animals to 73 these particular patterns of existence. But they do get some help from 74 . All liquids have a boiling point and a freezing point. When the outside temperature 75 below the freezing point of water, lakes and rivers get frozen. 76 , only the top layer of the lake or river freezes. Underneath the frozen upper layer, the water remains in its 77 form and does not freeze. Also, oxygen is trapped beneath the layer of ice. 78 , fish and other marine animals find it possible to live comfortably in the frozen lakes and ponds. But why doesn’t the entire body of water 79 , like a giant, lake-sized ice-cube? During winter months in colder countries, the outside temperature is very low and the upper layers of water in the lakes and ponds start 80 . When the temperature of the surface layers falls to 4℃, the water body acquires maximum density and 81 . The water that drops down 82 the water below, and the lower layers of water simultaneously rise up. This also gets cooled to 4℃ and again falls down. When the temperature of the water body finally goes below 4℃, the density or heaviness of water decreases and as a result water does not sink down. The 83 water finally freezes at 0℃while the lower part still remains at 4℃. The light frozen layer of ice floats on top. Ice does not allow heat to pass through it easily, so the freezing of the waters below is a very 84 process. At depths below 30 metres, temperatures are cold and stable but food is scarce. As a result, certain species of flatfish and polar fish have a(n) 85 growing rate, so that they can adapt to this tough situation to survive. 71．A．manage B．struggle C．try D．hope 72．A．trap B．transport C．support D．measure 73．A．adapt to B．devote to C．keep in mind D．get rid of 74．A．nature B．human C．science D．society 75．A．rises B．changes C．jumps D．declines 76．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．However 77．A．solid B．liquid C．hard D．soft 78．A．For instance B．In other words C．As a result D．On the contrary 79．A．flow B．freeze C．melt D．drop 80．A．boiling B．combing C．cooling D．functioning 81．A．floats up B．sinks down C．stands up D．calms down 82．A．replaces B．advances C．stimulates D．transforms 83．A．bottom B．middle C．density D．surface 84．A．quick B．easy C．stable D．slow 85．A．reduced B．fastened C．updated D．survived 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市浦东新区建平中学·期末） Cambridge Dictionary has put it out to the universe, naming “manifest” as its Word of the Year for 2024. Popularized by celebrities such as singer Dua Lipa, “manifest” refers to the practice of using “methods such as visualization and affirmation to help you 86 achieving something you want, in the belief that doing so will make it more likely to happen,” the British dictionary publisher said in an announcement. Lipa has spoken about how she thinks manifestation has played a part in her success, helping to bring about 87 moments in her career, such as playing at the Glastonbury Festival—the largest greenfield music and performing arts festival in the world—this year. “If you set an 88 , you think about it every single day of your life. For example, when I first started making music, I dreamed about the day that I would get asked to headline Glastonbury.” she said in an interview in April. “In a way, that is setting that idea, in the back of my mind,” she added. “I think it’s powerful.” 89 , US Olympic gymnast Simone Biles has mentioned her use of manifestation after her mother started encouraging her to write down her goals. “You have to write it down, you have to speak it into 90 , you have to see it daily and then it usually happens.” she said in an interview in October. Taken from Latin and French, in English the word “manifest” 91 meant “easily noticed or obvious” before it started to be used as a verb meaning “to show something clearly.” In the early 20th century, it started to be used to mean “to make something happen by internalizing it, intentionally or unintentionally.” according to Cambridge Dictionary. This year marked manifesting’s move into the wider public 92 . In 2024, the word manifest 93 from being mainly used in the self-help community and on social media into being mentioned widely across mainstream media. The use of this sense of manifest has gained 94 with the increasing number of ‘manifesting influencers’ promoting this scientifically unproven practice on social media—so much so that it was added to the Cambridge Dictionary in May 2023. The dictionary said the word has been looked up nearly 130,000 times on its website, making it one of its most 95 entries. Manifest won this year because it increased notably in lookups, its use widened greatly across all types of media, and it shows how the meanings of a word can 96 over time. Other words on the 2024 shortlist include “brat,” inspired by the title of singer Charli XCX’s 2024 album. This year, Collins Dictionary named “brat” its Word of the Year, defining it as someone “ 97 by a confident, independent, and hedonistic (快乐主义的) attitude.” 86．A．estimate B．ease C．tackle D．imagine 87．A．significant B．massive C．astonishing D．primitive 88．A．atmosphere B．alternative C．intention D．isolation 89．A．Consequently B．Similarly C．However D．Contrarily 90．A．innocence B．evolution C．existence D．formation 91．A．universally B．initially C．subjectively D．morally 92．A．consciousness B．symbol C．ambition D．pace 93．A．secured B．submitted C．debated D．transformed 94．A．reputation B．popularity C．conflict D．possession 95．A．viewed B．restored C．resisted D．delayed 96．A．refresh B．slip C．evolve D．engage 97．A．boosted B．characterized C．shifted D．assigned Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市静安区·期末） Checking packages is unhealthy obsession There’s a child-like joy that comes with ordering something online — whether it be clothes or kitchen gadgets. We sit 98 the U.S. Postal Service or FedEx pages to see when our items will arrive, and we become overly excited, hopeful and anxious. But why? According to Owen O’Kane, a psychotherapist, even the smallest positive future events can 99 us when we’re feeling down. This is why people look forward to dinner reservations, hair appointments and yes, receiving packages. But it’s not the purchase itself that arouses this happiness. Experts say there’s something about the 100 of a package arriving that is exciting for those in need of change in their lives. When our package finally arrives, many of us are satisfied. But that initial excitement has probably 101 because our obsession with our parcel represents much more than the item we purchased. For some, the arrival of a package may represent “an imagined positive future, where you can control your needs for a book or blouse,” making life feel more 102 and less dull. Waiting for a parcel can also serve as a temporary 103 from the boredom, giving you something new to look forward to. “You’re distracting yourself from other feelings like anxiety, boredom. When you imagine a positive event in the future, you feel only joyful expectation. And tracking it down to the street of the delivery truck makes it even more 104 ” O’Kane says. Nevertheless, anticipation isn’t always a good thing. People became angry recently when the U. S. Postal Service announced its slower delivery. And now, many are worried about items arriving late, appearing broken, or simply not 105 expectations. This phenomenon is called pre-parcel anxiety and it’s more common than you would think. “We live in a society where we build expectations and 106 perfectionism. We want efficiency and 107 with patience,” O’Kane explains. A delayed package may seem 108 to some. But for others, feeling hopeful and then being let down is angering and anxiety-provoking. “We feel tricked, sometimes on a personal level. We all want fair transactions, and when we 109 and the other party drops the ball, anger is often the result,” O’Kane says, comparing it to “broken, ignored or forgotten” promises. 110 , O’Kane says these reactions are telling about more deep-rooted issues beyond a delayed package. “Anxiety is 111 to uncertainty, and many struggle with not having control. So it’s really 112 of something bigger, of the need to control everything and to be perfect.” 98．A．winding B．switching C．refreshing D．registering 99．A．fascinate B．motivate C．innovate D．cultivate 100．A．accommodation B．companion C．transportation D．anticipation 101．A．faded B．surged C．remained D．expanded 102．A．advisable B．manageable C．knowledgeable D．considerable 103．A．voyage B．liberty C．resistance D．distraction 104．A．cultural B．real C．pale D．fictional 105．A．catching up with B．giving rise to C．putting up with D．living up to 106．A．embrace B．reject C．sacrifice D．spot 107．A．interact B．struggle C．identify D．charge 108．A．insignificant B．invaluable C．indifferent D．inevitable 109．A．live in harmony B．do our part C．pave the way D．cheer up 110．A．However B．Generally C．Instead D．Fortunately 111．A．attachment B．dominance C．intolerance D．discrimination 112．A．critical B．suspicious C．fond D．symbolic 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市曹杨中学·期末） If you survey American parents about what they want for their kids, more than 90 percent say one of their top priorities is that their children be caring. This makes sense: Kindness and concern for others are held as 113 in nearly every society. But when you ask children what their parents want for them, 81 percent say their parents 114 achievement and happiness over caring. Kids learn what’s 115 to adults not by listening to what we say, but by noticing what gets our attention. And in many developed societies, parents now pay more attention to individual achievement and happiness than anything else. However much we 116 kindness and caring, we’re not actually showing our kids that we appreciate these traits. Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised, then, that kindness appears to be 117 . An analysis of annual surveys of American college students showed a substantial drop from 1979 to 2009 in imagining the perspectives of others. Over this period; students grew 118 to feel concern for people less fortunate than themselves. It’s not just that people care less; they seem to be 119 less, too. In one experiment, a sociologist left thousands of what appeared to be lost letters in dozens of American cities in 2001, and again in 2011. From the first round to the second one, the proportion of letters that was 120 by passersby and put in a mailbox declined by 10 percent. Psychologists find that kids born after 1995 121 as much as their predecessors (前辈) that other people experiencing difficulty should be helped — but they feel less personal responsibility to take action themselves. If we truly care less about one another, some of the 122 lies with the values parents have promoted. In our own lives, we’ve observed many parents becoming so focused on achievement that they 123 kindness. Other parents discourage kindness, seeing it as a source of 124 in a fiercely competitive world. In some parenting circles, for example, there’s a movement against 125 when preschoolers are selfish in their play. These parents worry that stepping in might prevent kids from learning to stick up for themselves, and say that they’re less 126 the prospect of raising an adult who doesn’t share than one who struggles to say no. But there’s no reason parents can’t teach their kids to care about others and themselves — to be both 127 and self-respecting. If you encourage children to consider the needs and feelings of others, sometimes they will and sometimes they won’t. But they’ll soon learn that if you don’t treat others considerately, they may not be considerate toward you. 113．A．events B．virtues C．records D．media 114．A．change B．dislike C．value D．pay 115．A．important B．available C．familiar D．equal 116．A．encounter B．deserve C．display D．praise 117．A．in decline B．under control C．on hand D．above average 118．A．more willing B．less likely C．more surprised D．less relieved 119．A．saying B．thinking C．enjoying D．helping 120．A．set aside B．taken down C．picked up D．put off 121．A．care B．doubt C．believe D．complain 122．A．difference B．theme C．demand D．blame 123．A．neglect B．respect C．define D．evaluate 124．A．happiness B．weakness C．comfort D．anxiety 125．A．discriminating B．forgiving C．collapsing D．intervening 126．A．curious about B．grateful for C．worried about D．helpful for 127．A．independent B．generous C．knowledgeable D．appreciative Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市杨浦区·期末） You’re a planner. You have your calendar color-coded, dinner reservations booked a month 128 , and you know exactly what you’ll be doing on your next vacation. You meet someone who’s all about “going with the flow,” a non-planner who seldom makes a to-do list. Can a planner and a non-planner live together happily? The short answer is yes. But both need to 129 and meet halfway.   It’s important to note that many successful relationships involve 130 . Planners bring structure, 131 and the comfort of predictability. Non-planners bring flexibility, adaptability and ways to handle the unexpected.   It’s no surprise that good communication is key in any relationship, especially between planners and free spirits. Planners may long for a sense of order and 132 about what’s coming up, while the non-planners prefer going with the moment. This doesn’t have to be a source of 133 . Instead, it can be an opportunity to discuss expectations openly.   While it’s true that no one should have to change their 134 to make a relationship work, compromise (妥协) can help. Rather than expecting anyone to 135 adopt the other’s way of doing things, consider finding a middle ground. For example, maybe the planner takes charge of the essentials, like booking a hotel for a weekend getaway, while the non-planner is free to suggest day-of activities 136 what feels right in the moment.   Planners might discover that they actually enjoy a touch of the unexpected. While unplanned moments can feel unsettling, they often lead to 137 experiences. Planners may also realize that they’re less 138 if they can let go a little, especially for small things.   139 , non-planners may see planning isn’t so bad. Having a few things set up can feel easier. And for big decisions, it’s reassuring to have a(n) 140 partner.   Even with understanding and compromise, your differences will sometimes 141 each other. When that happens, take a step back and remember what you appreciate about your partner’s style. These moments are normal -- they can actually 142 the strengths each of you bring to the partnership.   So, can opposites work? Yes, if you respect each other, stay open-minded, and find balance. The best relationships often are the ones that challenge us to see things from a new perspective. 128．A．in advance B．in person C．in detail D．in secret 129．A．justify B．guarantee C．adapt D．intervene 130．A．comments B．expectations C．sacrifices D．opposites 131．A．creativity B．reliability C．uncertainty D．popularity 132．A．clarity B．complaint C．concern D．argument 133．A．strength B．confusion C．happiness D．conflict 134．A．personality B．identity C．appearance D．background 135．A．doubtfully B．randomly C．fully D．blindly 136．A．separated from B．based on C．engaged in D．composed of 137．A．unforgettable B．unavoidable C．unavailable D．unbearable 138．A．fulfilled B．depressed C．confused D．stressed 139．A．On the other side B．On the contrary C．As a result D．In addition 140．A．talented B．qualified C．organized D．devoted 141．A．inspire B．annoy C．comfort D．unite 142．A．neglect B．weaken C．highlight D．preserve 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市敬业中学·期末） Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the hope of reducing the 143 of lives. In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made, which allow for better accuracy in 144 the paths of storms. Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar). NEXRAD is a tracking network 145 158 Doppler weather radars. And during a storm this high-resolution computerized 146 takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds. These 147 are bounced back to a local weather computer, and a colorful image appears on the screen,giving meteorologists a clear picture of what kind of weather is on the horizon. This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings. 148 , on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm. If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will 149 severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area. 150 , the storm captured on the radar will have produced strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail (冰雹). Paying attention to the weather map is 151 when severe weather is around. On the television screen you will see several colors on the precipitation map, 152 from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest). If the colors for your 153 area are yellow, take caution. If the colors range between orange and red, take cover immediately, as damaging winds and dangerous lightning have been reported. When local weather radar in Atlanta, Georgia reported high winds, circular wind patterns and large hail earlier this year, the National Weather Service issued a tornado 154 . Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, 155 which areas needed to be warned. Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek 156 before the storm hit. Paying attention to your 157 weather source during severe weather plays a vital role in your safety. 143．A．loss B．increase C．protection D．value 144．A．changing B．controlling C．predicting D．guiding 145．A．faced with B．exposed to C．involved in D．made up of 146．A．structure B．system C．mode D．style 147．A．figures B．data C．readings D．statistics 148．A．Most likely B．Most evidently C．Most interestingly D．Most importantly 149．A．decide B．estimate C．handle D．issue 150．A．By the way B．In that case C．To some extent D．On the contrary 151．A．vital B．reasonable C．normal D．available 152．A．expanding B．spreading C．ranging D．extending 153．A．proper B．specific C．typical D．regular 154．A．process   B．threat C．warning D．sign 155．A．indicating B．recognizing C．covering D．recommending 156．A．rescue B．residence C．support D．shelter 157．A．local B．international C．nationwide D．neighborhood Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学·期末） “It’s almost a moral duty that museums should be free,” said Glenn Lowry, director of the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in 2002, when a ticket to MOMA cost $12. In October MOMA started charging $30, the latest in a series of price 158 involving the Metropolitan Museum, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and so on. Higher energy and labour costs have pushed up ticket prices in Europe, too. Prices have remained 159 only in Asia and the Middle East, where museums are younger and state funding is especially generous. Ticket fees may seem high, particularly in destination cities where tourists are 160 to be discouraged by spending a few more dollars. But whatever museums 161 , it is not covering their operating costs. The Association of Art Museum Directors reported in 2018 that ticket sales accounted on average for just 7% of total 162 at American art museums. Memberships contributed another 7%. The 163 of budgets usually come from charitable donations, grants and retail operations. European museums are less 164 admissions fees, because they are often heavily subsidized (补助) by governments. All national institutions in Britain offer free admission, as do most state-run museums in China while in America some 30% are free. Some observers have repeated Mr Lowry’s call for museum to stop charging for 165 entirely. 166 price s go against museums’goal of sharing art with a more diverse public. They could also speed up the already steep decline in the share of Americans attending museums and galleries. Declining public interest is a challenge for institutions that rely heavily on public support. Those who choose not to visit a museum today may be the people who 167 government subsidies or refuse to write personal cheques as sponsors in a few years. Those who spend time inside museums’galleries are more likely to grasp their richness and want to 168 their own riches in them. Yet significantly reducing costs may not actually do much to 169   new audiences either. If tickets were free, “people who typically come anyway might come more often. 170 that, you’re not really changing your demographic (观众结构), says an economist who studies pricing in the arts. He 171 museums to the best American university: Harvard could afford to make tuition free for all, but many wealthy students who do not need the gift would be among the biggest beneficiaries(受益者). As museums throughout the West debate what price is right, most are unlikely to conclude the answer is 172 , “moral duty” or not. 158．A．lists B．rises C．controls D．wars 159．A．ascending B．flexible C．awe-inspiring D．stable 160．A．unlikely B．supposed C．dissatisfied D．bound 161．A．promote B．submit C．charge D．exhibit 162．A．attendance B．donation C．operation D．revenue 163．A．motivation B．remainder C．generosity D．mixture 164．A．reliant on B．resistant to C．pessimistic about D．tolerant of 165．A．survival B．budgets C．collections D．admission 166．A．Floating B．Discounted C．Ballooning D．Competitive 167．A．contribute to B．vote against C．count on D．despair of 168．A．invest B．evaluate C．anchor D．assemble 169．A．discourage B．relieve C．attract D．entitle 170．A．With a view to B．Apart from C．Contrary to D．For fear of 171．A．credits B．attaches C．refers D．compares 172．A．zero B．both C．wrong D．above 6 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 完形填空 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·上海市黄浦区格致中学·期末） Taylor works full-time in the cleaning department while co-parenting his 10-year-old son. Ada, a cancer survivor, was enduring the miserable treatment. Mohammad was kicked out of prep school, then 1 for 100 days from high school for selling chocolate to his classmates. Emanuel was 2 a three-year sentence for armed robbery. These are not the profiles of students who get admitted to a classic university-run honors college. 3 , they are enrolled at the Honors Living-Learning Community of Rutgers University-Newark, an institution where they and others with similarly 4 life stories are pushing the boundaries of what defines an honors college by emphasizing courage in overcoming life’s difficulties, rather than 5 . Across the United States, the continuous drive for reputation has generated the 6 in the number of honors colleges. Nearly 900 schools, almost all being public universities and community colleges belong to the National Collegiate Honors Council. Among them, it is usually a brilliant idea for an institution to 7 applicants whose top-of-the-class high-school records and SAT scores would assure a renowned private university. The bait (诱饵) is the honors college, which promises the intimate feel of a small college within a(n) 8 state school. The students in these honors colleges, mostly white and middle-class, receive concierge treatment (礼宾待遇) with considerable scholarships, separate housing, special seminars, faculty mentors, research opportunities and first crack at courses in high demand. However, things are 9 at the Honors Living-Learning Community, which mainly enrolls black and Latino students–nearly twice as many as the total of black and Latino undergraduates in the rest of Rutgers-Newark’s programs. Their high-school grades and SAT scores are lower than the campus average. While academic skill 10 in determining who gets selected, the emphasis is on these students’ perseverance, their drive to learn and their passion for social justice. Every 11 of the honors program comes straight from the book on how to engage undergraduates 12 , and minority students in particular. The students receive scholarships that cover their living expenses well as tuition. Without this 13 , most couldn’t enroll full-time, and evidence shows that part-time students are far less likely to graduate. A 14 number of community college graduates are admitted, which gives 18-year-olds, fresh out of high school, an opportunity to learn from peers with more life 15 . 1．A．graduated B．abandoned C．prohibited D．suspended 2．A．reading B．serving C．passing D．escaping 3．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Instead D．Similarly 4．A．faulty B．smooth C．meaningful D．interesting 5．A．social experience B．family backgrounds C．academic performance D．human relationships 6．A．pursuit B．explosion C．exploit D．progress 7．A．tempt B．enroll C．introduce D．cultivate 8．A．remote B．public C．packed D．outstanding 9．A．difficult B．different C．discouraging D．disturbing 10．A．differs B．ranges C．matters D．varies 11．A．student B．major C．component D．college 12．A．especially B．intensively C．generally D．particularly 13．A．passion B．aim C．aid D．initiative 14．A．stable B．certain C．random D．growing 15．A．expectancy B．tragedy C．experience D．passion 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了罗格斯大学荣誉学院的创新招生模式。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mohammad被预备学校开除，然后因为向同学卖巧克力而被高中停课100天。A. graduated毕业；B. abandoned抛弃；C. prohibited禁止；D. suspended暂停，中止（课程、活动等）。根据下文“for 100 days from high school for selling chocolate to his classmates”可知，Mohammad因犯错被学校“停学”。故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Emanuel因持械抢劫被判三年徒刑。A. reading阅读；B. serving服刑；C. passing通过；D. escaping逃跑。根据下文“a three-year sentence for armed robbery”可知，Emanuel因持械抢劫被判三年徒刑，因此他正在“服刑”。故选B。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们被罗格斯大学纽瓦克分校的荣誉生活学习社区录取，在那里，他们和其他有着类似坎坷人生故事的人正在通过强调克服生活困难的勇气，而不是学术表现，来突破荣誉学院的界限。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. Instead相反；D. Similarly相似地。根据上文“These are not the profiles of students who get admitted to a classic university-run honors college.”和下文“they are enrolled at the Honors Living-Learning Community of Rutgers University-Newark, an institution where they and others with similarly ____ life stories are pushing the boundaries of what defines an honors college by emphasizing courage in overcoming life’s difficulties”可知，这些人并不是传统大学荣誉学院录取的学生类型，而“相反”，他们被罗格斯大学纽瓦克分校的荣誉生活学习社区录取。故选C。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. faulty有错误的，有问题的；B. smooth顺利的；C. meaningful有意义的；D. interesting有趣的。根据上文“Taylor works full-time in the cleaning department while co-parenting his 10-year-old son. Ada, a cancer survivor, was enduring the miserable treatment. Mohammad was kicked out of prep school, then ____ for 100 days from high school for selling chocolate to his classmates. Emanuel was ____ a three-year sentence for armed robbery.”可知，上文提到的辍学、犯罪等经历可知，他们的人生故事是“坎坷的、有波折的”，faulty 可引申为“不顺利的”，符合语境。故选A。 5．考查名词短语辨析。句意同上。A. social experience社会经验；B. family backgrounds家庭背景；C. academic performance学术表现；D. human relationships人际关系。根据上文“These are not the profiles of students who get admitted to a classic university-run honors college.”和下文“While academic skill ____ in determining who gets selected, the emphasis is on these students’ perseverance, their drive to learn and their passion for social justice.”可知，传统荣誉学院更看重“学业表现”，而罗格斯大学的荣誉生活学习社区在招生时更强调学生的毅力、学习动力和对社会正义的热情，而不是“学术表现”。故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在美国各地，对声誉的不断追求导致了荣誉学院数量的激增。A. pursuit追求；B. explosion爆炸，激增；C. exploit利用；D. progress进步。根据下文“Nearly 900 schools, almost all being public universities and community colleges belong to the National Collegiate Honors Council.”可知，荣誉学院的数量在“激增”。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于一所学校来说，吸引那些在高中成绩优异、SAT分数高到足以保证进入知名私立大学的申请者通常是一个好主意。A. tempt吸引；B. enroll注册；C. introduce介绍；D. cultivate培养。根据下文“applicants whose top-of-the-class high-school records and SAT scores would assure a renowned private university. The bait (诱饵) is the honors college”可知，荣誉学院是吸引这些优秀申请者的“诱饵”。故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诱饵是荣誉学院，它承诺在一所杰出的州立学校内营造出小型学院的亲密氛围。A. remote遥远的；B. public公立的；C. packed挤满的；D. outstanding杰出的。根据上文“state school. The students in these honors colleges, mostly white and middle-class, receive concierge treatment (礼宾待遇) with considerable scholarships, separate housing, special seminars, faculty mentors, research opportunities and first crack at courses in high demand.”可知，这些学校是“杰出的”大学。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，荣誉生活学习社区的情况却有所不同，这里主要招收黑人和拉丁裔学生——几乎是罗格斯大学纽瓦克分校其他项目黑人和拉丁裔本科生总数的两倍。A. difficult困难的；B. different不同的；C. discouraging令人沮丧的；D. disturbing令人不安的。根据下文“which mainly enrolls black and Latino students–nearly twice as many as the total of black and Latino undergraduates in the rest of Rutgers-Newark’s programs”可知，荣誉生活学习社区的情况与其他荣誉学院“不同”。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然学术技能在决定谁被选中时很重要，但重点在于这些学生的毅力、学习动力和对社会正义的热情。A. differs不同；B. ranges变动，（在一定范围内）变化；C. matters重要；D. varies变化。根据下文“the emphasis is on these students’ perseverance”可知，虽然学术技能在决定谁被选中时“重要”，但重点还是在于学生的毅力等品质。故选C。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：荣誉项目的每个组成部分都直接源自于关于如何强烈吸引本科生——尤其是少数族裔学生——的书籍。A. student学生；B. major专业；C. component组成部分；D. college学院。根据下文“of the honors program”可知，此处指的是荣誉项目的每一部分。故选C。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. especially尤其；B. intensively深入地，强烈地；C. generally一般地；D. particularly特别地。根据上文“the book on how to engage undergraduates”可知，此处表示这些书籍强烈吸引本科生。故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有这种援助，大多数人无法全日制入学，证据表明，非全日制学生毕业的可能性要小得多。A. passion激情；B. aim目标；C. aid援助；D. initiative倡议。根据上文“The students receive scholarships that cover their living expenses well as tuition.”可知，学生获得的奖学金是一种“援助”。故选C。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的社区大学毕业生被录取，这给了刚从高中毕业的18岁学生一个向更有生活经验的同龄人学习的机会。A. stable稳定的；B. certain确定的；C. random随机的；D. growing增长的。根据下文“number of community college graduates are admitted”可知，越来越多的社区大学毕业生被录取，因此此处表示“增长的”数量。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. expectancy期望；B. tragedy悲剧；C. experience经验；D. passion激情。根据上文“community college graduates”可知，社区大学毕业生有更多的生活“经验”。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·海市海华东师范大学附属进华中学·期末） Frankenstein On a stormy night in 1815, a young, 18-year-old girl had a 16 nightmare. The nightmare was terrible, but it gave her an idea for a tale — a tale that would become the most recognized 17 story in the world: the story of Frankenstein's monster. The author's name was Mary Shelley (1797 — 1851). Her novel describes the trials of an 18 young scientist, Dr Frankenstein, who uses his knowledge to bring an inanimate body to life, but then 19 the shocking “monster” he creates. At the time of writing, the story was a powerful warning 20 scientific advances and is the Industrial Revolution, which was about 21 across Europe. Many artists and writers were concerned 22 this industrialization and the effect it would have 23 man's relationship with nature. They saw danger in the new scientific advances. Volume 1, Chapter 4 It was on a dreary night in November that I completed my work. With an anxiety that almost 24 to pain, I collected the instruments of life around me that I might add a small amount of being to the lifeless thing that 25 at my feet. It was already one in the morning; the rain fell dismally against the windows, and my candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the failing light, I saw the yellow eye of the 26 open; it breathed hard, and a sudden movement disturbed its arms and legs. How can I describe my emotions at this disaster, or how to describe the terrible creature I had tried to form? His arms and legs were in proportion, and I had selected his 27 as beautiful. Beautiful! His yellow skin 28 covered the muscles beneath; his hair was black and flowing; his teeth of a pearly whiteness that formed a horrible contrast with his watery eyes, his 29 face and straight black mouth. I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the only purpose of breathing life into an inanimate body. For this I had 30 myself of rest and health, but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream disappeared, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. 16．A．moral B．vivid C．massive D．pure 17．A．horror B．motivation C．peak D．charm 18．A．elegant B．ambitious C．innocent D．patient 19．A．rejects B．boosts C．hacks D．rebels 20．A．at B．with C．against D．of 21．A．spread B．spreading C．to spread D．to spreading 22．A．at B．to C．about D．with 23．A．at B．to C．about D．on 24．A．amounted B．attained C．combined D．engaged 25．A．lies B．lied C．laid D．lay 26．A．creature B．cage C．civilian D．comedy 27．A．features B．settings C．symbols D．professions 28．A．universally B．barely C．unrealistically D．artificially 29．A．shifted B．rooted C．eased D．wrinkled 30．A．deprived B．behaved C．decreased D．tackled 【答案】 16．B 17．A 18．B 19．A 20．C 21．B 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．D 26．A 27．A 28．B 29．D 30．A 【导语】这篇文章是《弗兰肯斯坦》创作背景及小说节选。它旨在向读者客观介绍这部经典作品的创作背景、核心内容、时代意义，并通过节选提供文本例证，帮助读者理解这部作品。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1815年一个暴风雨的夜晚，一位18岁的年轻女孩做了一个清晰的噩梦。A. moral 道德的；B. vivid 生动的，清晰的；C. massive 大量的；D. pure 纯净的。此空需要一个形容词修饰“nightmare”。B项“vivid”意为“生动的，逼真的”，能体现出噩梦的清晰和真实感，这也与后文“it gave her an idea for a tale”对女孩产生的影响相呼应。故选B项。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个噩梦十分可怕，却它给了她一个故事的灵感——这个故事日后将成为全世界最广为人知的恐怖故事：弗兰肯斯坦的怪物传说。A. horror 恐怖；B. motivation 动机；C. peak 顶峰；D. charm 魅力。 根据前文的“nightmare”可推测，这个故事是恐怖的，“horror”表示“恐怖”，并且根据常识，《弗兰肯斯坦》是经典的恐怖故事，符合其文学类型。故选A项。 18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的小说描述了一位有雄心的年轻科学家弗兰肯斯坦博士的试验。A. elegant 优雅的；B. ambitious 有雄心的；C. innocent 无辜的；D. patient 耐心的。空格修饰“young scientist”， 结合后文“uses his knowledge to bring an inanimate body to life”可知他用知识赋予无生命体生命，是其有雄心的体现。故选B项。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：弗兰肯斯坦博士用学识赋予无生命体以生命，却拒绝他亲手创造的骇人怪物。A. rejects 拒绝，排斥；B. boosts 推广；C. hacks 砍，非法侵入；D. rebels 反叛。 空格描述弗兰肯斯坦对他创造的怪物的反应。根据空前弗兰肯斯坦博士用学识赋予无生命体以生命， 再结合but 以及后文“breathless horror and disgust”描述他感到喘不过气的恐惧和厌恶，可推测他是拒绝接受自己创造的怪物，A项最准确描述了他的态度和行动。故选A项。 20．考查介词辨析。句意：在创作这部小说时，这个故事是对科学进步以及即将蔓延欧洲的工业革命的有力警示。A. at 在……；B. with 带有 ；C. against 反对；D. of ……的。根据本段最后一句“They saw danger in the new scientific advances.”可知强调的是科学进步的危险，C项 against 符合语意。故选C项。 21．考查固定搭配。句意：在创作这部小说时，这个故事是对科学进步以及即将蔓延欧洲的工业革命的有力警示。A. spread 传播(过去式/过去分词)；B. spreading 传播(现在分词/动名词)；C. to spread 传播(不定式)；D. to spreading 传播(介词+动名词)。根据文章第一段给的时间点1815年，以及上文“the story was a powerful warning 5 scientific advances and is the Industrial Revolution”结合常识可知，1815年工业革命处于向欧洲扩散的进程中，非“即将开始”。“be about doing”表示“正在进行某事”（动作已开始），更符合工业革命在1815年的历史阶段。故选B项。 22．考查介词词义辨析。句意：许多艺术家和作家对这种工业化以及它将对人类与自然的关系产生的影响感到担忧。A. at 在；B. to 向，对于；C. about 关于；D. with 和……一起。分析句子结构可知，空格需与“concerned”搭配。“concerned about”是固定搭配，意为“对……担忧”。故选C项。 23．考查介词词义辨析。句意：许多艺术家和作家对这种工业化以及它将对人类与自然的关系产生的影响感到担忧。A. at 在；B. to 向，对于；C. about 关于；D. on 在……上，关于。分析句子结构可知，空格需与“effect”搭配。“effect on”是固定搭配，意为“对……的影响”。故选D项。 24．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：我怀着一种几乎为痛苦的焦虑，将生命的工具聚集在身边，想为我脚下那个躺着的无生命之物增添一丝生气。 A. amounted 总计达；B. attained 达到，获得；C. combined 结合；D. engaged 从事。空格动词需与“to”搭配，描述焦虑的程度。结合语意“焦虑几乎达到了痛苦的程度”，“amounted to”有“相当于，达到……程度”的含义，符合句意。故选A项。 25．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：我怀着一种几乎为痛苦的焦虑，将生命的工具聚集在身边，想为我脚下那个躺着的无生命之物增添一丝生气。A. lies 撒谎，位于，躺(lie的单三形式)；B. lied 撒谎(lie的过去式)；C. laid 放置(lay的过去式)；D. lay 躺，位于(lie的过去式)。 空格描述无生命之物的状态。根据常识和上下文“I saw the yellow eye”可推测是向下看,看到了黄色的眼睛，所以它应该是“躺”或“位于”在他脚边。故选D项。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看到那生物的黄色眼睛睁开了。 A. creature 生物；B. cage 笼子；C. civilian 平民；D. comedy 喜剧。空格修饰yellow eye，这眼睛属于弗兰肯斯坦刚刚赋予生命的那个东西。前文称它为“the lifeless thing”，后文称它为“the terrible creature”，A项符合语意。故选A项。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的四肢比例协调，而且我选择让它有一个好看的外貌。A. features 面貌；B. settings 环境，设置；C. symbols 特征；D. professions 职业。 空格指弗兰肯斯坦为他的创造物选择的“美丽的”部分。根据后文描述（皮肤、头发、牙齿、眼睛、脸、嘴），他是在描述其身体特征。 故选A项。 28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它那黄色的皮肤几乎遮不住下面的肌肉 。A. universally 普遍地；B. barely 几乎不；C. unrealistically 不现实地；D. artificially 人工地。空格修饰“covered”，描述黄色皮肤覆盖肌肉的程度。后文说皮肤与肌肉形成对比，且整体描述非常恐怖。后文“formed a horrible contrast”表明皮肤的状态不佳（黄色）与下面的肌肉形成可怕对比。B项barely表示皮肤很薄，几乎遮不住肌肉，能解释这种恐怖效果，符合怪物外貌的恐怖描述。故选B项。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它的头发乌黑飘逸；它那珍珠般洁白的牙齿与它那水汪汪的眼睛、满是褶皱的面容和笔直的黑嘴巴形成了可怕的对比。A. shifted 改变的；B. rooted 扎根的；C. eased 放松的；D.wrinkled 有皱纹的。结合语意，这里说怪物的脸满是褶皱，十分吓人，故选D项。 30．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：为了这个目的，我剥夺了自己的休息时间和健康。A. deprived 剥夺；B. behaved 表现；C. decreased 减少；D. tackled 处理，应付。 空格动词需与“myself of rest and health”搭配。结合上文“I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the only purpose of breathing life into an inanimate body”这里说作者为了给无生命的物体注入生命，几乎两年努力工作，推测为此剥夺了自己的休息时间和健康。“deprive oneself of sth”是固定搭配，意为“使自己丧失某物，剥夺自己的某物”，符合句意。故选A项。 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市建平中学·期末） No, You Don’t Get an A Just for Effort After 20 years of teaching, I thought I’d heard every argument in the book from students who wanted a better grade. But recently, multiple students had a new complaint: “My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.” High marks are for 31 , not grit (硬扛，死磕). In the past, students understood that hard work was not sufficient; an A required great work. Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the quantity of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge. In surveys, two-thirds of college students say that “trying hard” should be a factor in their grades, and a third think they should get at least a B just for 32 at (most) classes. This isn’t Gen Z’s fault. It’s the result of a(n) 33 about one of the most popular educational theories. More than a generation ago, the psychologist Carol Dweck published groundbreaking experiments that changed how many parents and teachers talk to kids. Praising kids for their abilities 34 their resilience (韧劲), making them more likely to give up when they encountered setbacks. To persist and learn in the face of challenges, kids needed to believe that abilities and skills are 35 , and the best way to nurture this growth mindset was to shift from praising intelligence to effort. This idea quickly made its way into viral articles, best-selling books and popular TED talks. Psychologists have long found that rewarding effort cultivates a strong work ethic and reinforces learning. That’s especially 36 for students who weren’t born into comfort or don’t have a record of achievement. 37 , the problem is that we’ve taken the practice of celebrating hard work. We are treating it as an end in itself. We’ve taught a generation of kids that their worth is defined 38 by their work ethic. That does great harm to the students. One study found that if there wasn’t a time limit, the higher people scored on their own 39 , the more likely they were to stick to a task they will never accomplish. This is what worries me most about valuing perseverance above all else: It can motivate people to stick with a bad 40 instead of developing better ones. With students, a textbook example is pulling all-nighters rather than spacing out their studying over a few days. Teachers and parents owe kids a more 41 message. There’s a reason we award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest, not the ones who train the hardest. Motivation is only one of multiple variables (变量) in the achievement equation (等式). Ability, opportunity and luck 42 , too. The ideal 43 to a disappointing grade is not to complain that your diligence wasn’t rewarded. It’s to ask how you could make your investment 44 better. Trying harder isn’t always the answer. Sometimes it’s working smarter, and other times it’s working on something else altogether. Every teacher should support students to succeed. In my classes, I make it clear that my goal is to give as many A’s as possible. But they’re earned through mastering all. The true 45 of learning is not the time and energy you put in. It’s the knowledge and skills you take out. 31．A．industriousness B．engagement C．morality D．excellence 32．A．doing well B．showing up C．nodding off D．burning out 33．A．misunderstanding B．stretching C．extinction D．emergence 34．A．creates B．restores C．stocks D．hurts 35．A．intangible B．attainable C．preservable D．valuable 36．A．fearful B．sentimental C．dreary D．important 37．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Besides 38．A．barely B．initially C．primarily D．proportionately 39．A．grit B．education C．adaptability D．intellect 40．A．tendency B．strategy C．motive D．criterion 41．A．balanced B．universal C．motivational D．random 42．A．vary B．arise C．count D．interfere 43．A．switch B．response C．obstacle D．access 44．A．run out B．drop in C．catch on D．pay off 45．A．measurement B．significance C．theory D．reward 【答案】 31．D 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．B 36．D 37．C 38．C 39．A 40．B 41．A 42．C 43．B 44．D 45．A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合自己最近在教学中听到学生对成绩抱怨的经历，探讨了教育不应仅以努力程度作为评分标准，卓越的成果才是获得高分的正当理由，指出过度强调努力反而会让学生陷入低效策略，平衡看待能力、方法和机会才是关键。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：高分代表优秀，而不是坚韧。A. industriousness勤勉；B. engagement参与；C. morality道德；D. excellence优秀。根据下文“an A required great work”可知，得A需要出色的工作，因此高分代表的是优秀。故选D。 32．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在调查中，三分之二的大学生表示，“努力”应该是他们成绩的一个因素，三分之一的人认为，他们应该至少得到一个B，因为他们在（大多数）课程中都出现了。A. doing well表现好；B. showing up出现；C. nodding off打瞌睡；D. burning out精疲力竭。根据上文“Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the quantity of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge.”可知，许多学生期望根据他们努力的数量而不是知识的质量得到奖励，因此其想法会是因为在课程中出现而至少得到一个B。故选B。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是对最流行的教育理论之一的误解的结果。A. misunderstanding误解；B. stretching延伸；C. extinction灭绝；D. emergence出现。根据下文“____7____, the problem is that we’ve taken the practice of celebrating hard work. We are treating it as an end in itself.”可知，我们已经养成了庆祝辛勤工作的习惯，把它本身看作是目的，这是对教育理论的误解。故选A。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：赞扬孩子的能力会伤害他们的韧性，使他们更有可能在遇到挫折时放弃。A. creates创造；B. restores恢复；C. stocks储存；D. hurts伤害。根据下文“making them more likely to give up when they encountered setbacks”可知，这会让孩子更有可能在遇到挫折时放弃，因此是指伤害他们的韧性。故选D。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了在挑战面前坚持和学习，孩子们需要相信能力和技能是可以获得的，而培养这种成长心态的最好方法是从赞扬智力转变为赞扬努力。A. intangible无形的；B. attainable可获得的；C. preservable可保存的；D. valuable有价值的。根据下文“this growth mindset”可知，成长心态对应的是相信能力和技能是可以获得的。故选B。 36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对那些并非出生在舒适环境或没有成就记录的学生尤其重要。A. fearful害怕的；B. sentimental感伤的；C. dreary沉闷的；D. important重要的。根据下文“for students who weren’t born into comfort or don’t have a record of achievement”可知，对那些并非出生在舒适环境或没有成就记录的学生而言，奖励努力从而培养强烈的职业道德，并加强学习是很重要的。故选D。 37．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，问题是我们已经养成了庆祝辛勤工作的习惯。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. However然而；D. Besides此外。根据上文“Psychologists have long found that rewarding effort cultivates a strong work ethic and reinforces learning.”和下文“the problem is that we’ve taken the practice of celebrating hard work”可知，前面肯定奖励努力的意义，后面指出我们面临的问题，前后是转折关系，应用However“然而”衔接。故选C。 38．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们教育了一代孩子，他们的价值主要是由他们的职业道德来定义的。A. barely几乎不；B. initially最初地；C. primarily主要地；D. proportionately成比例地。根据上文“We are treating it as an end in itself.”可知，我们把庆祝辛勤工作本身看作是目的，这会导致让孩子们认为他们的价值主要是由职业道德来定义的。故选C。 39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项研究发现，如果没有时间限制，人们在自己的毅力上得分越高，他们就越有可能坚持完成一项他们永远无法完成的任务。A. grit毅力；B. education教育；C. adaptability适应性；D. intellect智力。根据下文“This is what worries me most about valuing perseverance above all else”可知，作者很担心把毅力看得比什么都重要这件事，因此是指在自己的毅力上得分越高。故选A。 40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：把毅力看得比什么都重要，这是我最担心的：它会促使人们坚持一个糟糕的策略，而不是发展出更好的策略。A. tendency趋势；B. strategy策略；C. motive动机；D. criterion标准。根据下文“With students, a textbook example is pulling all-nighters rather than spacing out their studying over a few days.”可知，后面举出学生通宵学习而非在几天内分开学习的例子，这是他们对待学习的策略，因此是指会促使人们坚持一个糟糕的策略。故选B。 41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老师和家长应该给孩子一个更平衡的讯息。A. balanced平衡的；B. universal普遍的；C. motivational激励的；D. random随机的。根据下文“There’s a reason we award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest, not the ones who train the hardest. Motivation is only one of multiple variables (变量) in the achievement equation (等式).”可知，奖牌奖励的是卓越的表现，而非仅仅是刻苦的训练，影响成就的变量很多，动机只是其中一个，因此是指给孩子一个更平衡的关于成就的讯息。故选A。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：能力、机会和运气也很重要。A. vary变化；B. arise出现；C. count重要；D. interfere干扰。根据上文“Motivation is only one of multiple variables (变量) in the achievement equation (等式).”可知，影响成就的变量很多，能力、机会和运气也很重要。故选C。 43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：面对令人失望的成绩，理想的反应不是抱怨你的勤奋没有得到回报。A. switch切换；B. response反应；C. obstacle障碍；D. access使用权。根据下文“not to complain that your diligence wasn’t rewarded”可知，抱怨勤奋没有得到回报不是面对令人失望的成绩的理想反应。故选B。 44．考查动词短语辨析。句意：而是问你如何才能让你的投入取得更好的效果。A. run out用完；B. drop in顺访；C. catch on流行；D. pay off取得好效果。根据此处是讨论如何取得更好的成就的情境，以及上文“how you could make your investment”可知，学生需要思考的是如何才能让投入更好地奏效，即取得更好的效果。故选D。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：学习的真正衡量标准不是你投入的时间和精力。A. measurement衡量；B. significance意义；C. theory理论；D. reward奖励。根据上文“In my classes, I make it clear that my goal is to give as many A’s as possible. But they’re earned through mastering all.”可知，A是通过掌握所有技能而获得的，因此是指学习的真正衡量标准不是投入的时间和精力。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市宜川中学·期末） Don’t Hibernate AH, WINTER, the season of roast dinners and heated blankets. Not so much time for getting up early to hit the gym, going for a run in the evening darkness, or even taking a brief walk at lunch time. The evidence confirms what you probably 46 . In winter, most people tend to spend more time in a sedentary (久坐的) way. Does that mean we casual exercisers are fated to 47 in the icy months, or are there ways to address it? And does anything about the colder, darker months actually make maintaining our 48 easier? First of all, it is helpful for you to make the effort during winter, even if you are not 49 about your six-pack (发达的腹肌). Seasonal affective disorder (properly abbreviated as SAD), which is often linked to reduced 50 to sunlight during the shorter winter days, may affect not just mood but your health as well. While exercise is not a cure-all, studies suggest that it can help to 51 the mood disorder. Are there benefits to training in cold weather? This is 52 . For years, it was assumed that bodies burn more calories in the cold to keep warm, while also helping the body’s-white fat to take on the properties of brown fat, which 53 as a fuel to maintain body temperature. However, just how beneficial the process can be is open to 54 . Still, the benefits of exercise make it more than worth toughing out the odd pre-dawn alarm. But how do you get it done? “My top tip would be to either use your commute (通勤) to get your workout in, or make sure you get out again as soon as you get home,” says running coach Havley Hemmings. “I’d also 55 teaming up with someone so you’re accountable to go for a run.” Of course, if training outdoors does not sound like fun, even when you are 56 up, there are other options. Walking 4,000 steps a day, for example, can significantly reduce your risk of all-cause mortality (死亡率). At the other end of the range, a short, sharp 57 of high-intensity interval training can boost your mood while helping to reduce fat. If you are not used to training, an entry-level 58 is the Timmons Method, or 20 seconds of squats (深蹲) or kettlebell (壶铃) swings work, followed by two minutes of active recovery (just moving around) repeated a few times. And finally, don’t 59 the importance of your mood on getting you to work out in the first place. There is fairly strong evidence that 60 vitamin D can positively affect your mood, and it is nearly impossible to get enough from the sun in winter. Get a supplement (补充剂) — and don’t be afraid to chase it with roast dinners. 46．A．pretend B．regret C．suspect D．understand 47．A．break down B．fall behind C．set off D．wake up 48．A．balance B．fitness C．innocence D．reputation 49．A．annoyed B．excited C．disappointed D．concerned 50．A．addiction B．desire C．exposure D．preference 51．A．detect B．diagnose C．relieve D．treat 52．A．funnier B．rarer C．stranger D．trickier 53．A．abandons B．employs C．functions D．targets 54．A．interpretation B．adaptation C．negotiation D．temptation 55．A．appreciate B．practice C．recommend D．resist 56．A．built B．wrapped C．set D．held 57．A．component B．burst C．block D．portion 58．A．alternative B．opportunity C．requirement D．technique 59．A．emphasize B．investigate C．underestimate D．welcome 60．A．inadequate B．excessive C．superior D．sufficient 【答案】 46．C 47．B 48．B 49．D 50．C 51．C 52．D 53．C 54．A 55．C 56．B 57．B 58．A 59．C 60．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文探讨了冬季锻炼的必要性和方法。作者指出，冬季人们更容易久坐不动，但锻炼对身心健康至关重要。虽然冷天锻炼的好处尚存争议，但运动可以缓解季节性情感障碍，并带来其他健康益处。作者建议利用通勤时间锻炼，或与朋友结伴运动。此外，每天走4000步或进行高强度间歇训练也能有效提升健康水平。最后，作者强调情绪对锻炼的重要性，并建议补充维生素D来改善冬季情绪。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些证据证实了你可能有所怀疑的事情。A. pretend假装；B. regret后悔；C. suspect怀疑；D. understand理解。根据后文“In winter, most people tend to spend more time in a sedentary way.(在冬季，大多数人往往会更多地以静坐的方式度过时光)”指证据证实了你可能“怀疑”的事 —— 冬天人们更久坐。故选C。 47．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是否意味着我们这些偶尔锻炼的人在寒冷的冬季注定会落后于其他人呢？还是说我们有办法解决这个问题呢？A. break down出故障；B. fall behind落后；C. set off突出；D. wake up醒来。根据上文“Does that mean we casual exercisers are fated to”可知，冬天久坐是否意味着偶尔锻炼的人注定会落后于其他人？fall behind（落后）指锻炼进度滞后，符合语境。故选B。 48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，那些寒冷、阴暗的月份是否真的会让我们更容易保持健康呢？A. balance平衡；B. fitness健康；C. innocence无辜；D. reputation名誉。根据上文“casual exercisers”提到了锻炼的人，所以是指保持健康，故选B。 49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，即便你并不在意自己的六块腹肌，冬季的时候努力锻炼也是有好处的。A. annoyed生气的；B. excited激动的；C. disappointed失望的；D. concerned关心的。根据后文“about your six-pack”指不“在意”腹肌，冬天锻炼也有帮助。be concerned about（在意）符合语义，故选D。 50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：季节性情感障碍（其正式缩写为 SAD）通常与冬季日照时间缩短导致的“阳光暴露减少”有关，这种病症不仅会影响情绪，还可能对健康造成影响。A. addiction上瘾；B. desire渴望；C. exposure曝光，接触；D. preference偏爱。根据后文“to sunlight during the shorter winter days”可知，季节性情感障碍与冬季“暴露于”阳光减少有关，故选C。 51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然锻炼并不能完全治愈这种病症，但研究表明，它确实有助于缓解情绪障碍。A. detect查明；B. diagnose诊断；C. relieve缓解；D. treat对待。根据上文“While exercise is not a cure-all”可知，虽然锻炼并不能完全治愈这种病症，但的确有助于“缓解”情绪障碍。故选C。 52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就要复杂一些了。A. funnier更有趣的；B. rarer更稀少的；C. stranger更陌生的；D. trickier更复杂的。寒冷天气训练是否有益？这是“更复杂的”问题。trickier（更复杂的）对应后文“燃烧卡路里的说法存在争议”，故选D。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，人们一直认为，在寒冷的环境中，人体会消耗更多热量来保持体温，同时还能促使白色脂肪转化为具有类似棕色脂肪的功能特性，而棕色脂肪的作用就是为维持体温提供能量。A. abandons抛弃；B. employs采用；C. functions起作用；D. targets以……为目标。根据后文“as a fuel to maintain body temperature”指棕色脂肪的作用就是为维持体温提供能量。故选C。 54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这一过程究竟能带来多大的益处，尚存在不同的解释。A. interpretation解释；B. adaptation改编；C. negotiation协商；D. temptation诱惑。根据上文“just how beneficial the process can be is open to”指该过程的益处仍有待“解释”，open to interpretation（有待解读）为固定表达。故选A。 55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我还建议你找个人一起锻炼，这样你就有了督促自己去跑步的动力了。”A. appreciate感激；B. practice练习；C. recommend推荐；D. resist抵制。根据后文“teaming up with someone so you’re accountable to go for a run”可知，跑步教练“推荐”组队锻炼。recommend doing sth.（建议做某事）符合语境，故选C。 56．考查动词短语辨析。当然，如果在户外进行训练听起来并不有趣（即便你已经包裹得很严实），那么还有其他选择可供选择。A. built (up)建立；B. wrapped(up)包裹；C. set(up)设置；D. held(up)持有。根据上文“if training outdoors does not sound like fun”可知，冬天在户外锻炼，即使你已经包裹得很严实，户外锻炼也可能无趣，因为实在是太寒冷了，故选B。 57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这一系列训练的另一端，进行一次短暂而高强度的间歇训练能够提升你的情绪，同时还能帮助你减脂。A. component部分；B. burst爆发；C. block街区；D. portion部分。根据后文“of high-intensity interval training”指短暂、剧烈的高强度间歇训练“爆发”。a burst of（一阵）强调短时高强度，故选B。 58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你不习惯训练，一个入门级的替代方法是蒂蒙斯训练法，或者20秒的深蹲或壶铃摆动训练，接着进行两分钟的动态恢复（只是四处走动），重复几次。A. alternative选择；B. opportunity机会；C. requirement要求；D. technique技术。根据上文“If you are not used to training”可知，与“若不习惯训练”呼应，指替代选项是泰蒙斯训练法，故选A。 59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后一点要强调的是，不要低估你的情绪对于促使你开始锻炼的重要性。A. emphasize强调；B. investigate调查；C. underestimate低估；D. welcome欢迎。根据后文“vitamin D can positively affect your mood”可知，建议不要“低估”情绪对锻炼的重要性。故选C。 60．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有相当充分的证据表明，充足的维生素D能够对人的情绪产生积极影响，而在冬季几乎不可能通过晒太阳来获取足够的维生素 D。A. inadequate不充分的；B. excessive过度的；C. superior更优的；D. sufficient足够的。根据后文“vitamin D can positively affect your mood”可知，产生积极影响需要充足的维生素D。故选D。 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市徐汇区南洋中学·期末） Nobody loves a dirty rat, right? But what about an African giant pouched rat, a Goliath-sized rodent (啮齿动物) weighing 1.5-2kg (three to four times the size of our own brown rat) and 61 to the grasslands of southern Africa? Over the past 25 years, these giant rats — known as ‘hero rats’ by the people who train them — have been used to   62 deadly landmines and tuberculosis pathogens (结合病原体) in medical samples. Now, there’s even more reason to love these rodents—they could play an important role in 63 the illegal wildlife trade, thanks to their amazing sense of smell. Research by scientists from the non-profit group APOPO shows that giant rats can spot samples of elephant ivory, rhino horn, pangolin scales, and African hardwood, even when these 64 wildlife products are mixed with non-target items. Law enforcement already uses high-tech scanners and detection dogs. So why rats? Senior scientist Isabelle Szott explains they have 65 over traditional methods. First, a rat costs $8,000 to train versus up to $30,000 for a dog. Airport scanners can cost 66 from $30,000 to $1.2 million. “Their light weight is also an important 67 for detection,” says Szott. “Rats can be lifted to higher locations, like shipping containers’ airing systems.” 68 , rats can go where dogs cannot. Dogs often need the same handler, while rats are less 69 , making them flexible. APOPO has successfully tested rats at Tanzania’s Dar es Salaam port. Now, they aim to expand globally. APOPO 70 with Tanzania’s Wildlife Authority, and Singapore and France have shown interest. ‘Hero rats’ doesn’t do them justice — they’re ‘super rats’! 61．A．negative B．native C．decisive D．productive 62．A．destroy B．ignore C．avoid D．detect 63．A．fighting B．supporting C．ignoring D．funding 64．A．authentic B．profitable C．ordinary D．harmful 65．A．flaws B．habits C．risks D．advantages 66．A．anywhere B．nowhere C．everywhere D．somewhere 67．A．problem B．mistake C．aspect D．theory 68．A．Therefore B．However C．In other words D．Similarly 69．A．demanding B．intelligent C．loyal D．aggressive 70．A．competes B．disagrees C．cooperates D．argues 【答案】 61．B 62．D 63．A 64．D 65．D 66．D 67．C 68．A 69．A 70．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了非洲巨颊囊鼠（又称“英雄鼠”）在探测地雷、结核病病原体以及打击非法野生动物贸易中的独特作用。 61．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但非洲巨颊囊鼠呢？这种“巨人”体型的啮齿动物重1.5-2公斤（是普通棕鼠的三到四倍），原产于非洲南部的草原。A. negative消极的；B. native原生的；C. decisive决定性的；D. productive多产的。根据后文“to the grasslands of southern Africa”可知，此处需填入与“原产地”相关的形容词。且全文主题为非洲巨颊囊鼠的自然栖息地及用途，这种鼠是非洲原生物种。故选B项。 62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去25年里，这些被训练者称为“英雄鼠”的巨鼠被用于探测致命的地雷和医学样本中的结核病原体。A. destroy破坏；B. ignore忽略；C. avoid避免；D. detect 探测。根据后文“Now, there’s even more reason to love these rodents—they could play an important role in ____3____ the illegal wildlife trade, thanks to their amazing sense of smell.”可知，它们拥有出色的嗅觉，可以推断，它们善于完成依靠灵敏嗅觉的任务，且全文围绕巨鼠的“探测能力”展开。故选D项。 63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，人们更有理由喜爱这些啮齿动物了——它们能在打击非法野生动物贸易中发挥重要作用。A. fighting打击；B. supporting支持；C. ignoring忽视；D. funding资助。根据本句中的“illegal wildlife trade”（非法野生动物贸易）可知，此处需填入具有积极行动意义的动词，这是需要打击的犯罪行为。故选A项。 64．考查形容词词义辨析。研究表明，即使这些危害大的野生动物制品（如象牙、犀牛角）与非目标物品混合，巨鼠也能识别。A. authentic真实的；B. profitable有利可图的；C. ordinary普通的；D. harmful有害的。前文列举的“elephant ivory, rhino horn”象牙、犀牛角等均为受保护的野生动物制品，从法律层面和生态保护层面来说，它们的交易对野生动物种群和生态系统具有严重危害性。故选D项。 65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：高级科学家Isabelle Szott解释，它们比传统方法有优势。A. flaws缺陷；B. habits习惯；C. risks风险；D. advantages优势。根据后文“First, a rat costs $8,000 to train versus up to $30,000 for a dog.”可知，训练一只巨鼠仅花费8千美元，而训练一只狗却需要高达3万美元，这是明显的优势。故选D项。 66．考查副词词义辨析。句意：机场扫描仪的成本可能高达30万至120万美元。A. anywhere任何地方；B. nowhere无处；C. everywhere到处；D. somewhere大约。根据本句中的“from $30,000 to $1.2 million”可知，此处表示机场扫描仪在3万美元到120万美元这个范围之间，“somewhere between...and...”为固定搭配，表示“大约在……之间”。故选D项。 67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Szott说：“它们的轻体重也是用来探测的一个重要方面。”A. problem问题；B. mistake错误；C. aspect方面；D. theory理论。根据前文“Senior scientist Isabelle Szott explains they have____5____ over traditional methods. First, a rat costs $8,000 to train versus up to $30,000 for a dog.”可知，与传统的探测方法比，巨鼠有优势，第一个方面是成本低，而此处讲的体重轻是优势的第二个方面。故选C项。 68．考查副词和介词短语辨析。句意：因此，老鼠可以进入狗无法到达的地方。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. In other words换言之；D. Similarly类似地。 前文说巨鼠体重轻，此处说能去狗去不了的地方，前后是因果关系。故选A项。 69．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：狗通常需要固定训练员，而老鼠的依赖性较低，灵活性更强。A. demanding苛刻的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. loyal忠诚的；D. aggressive侵略性的。  根据本句中的Dogs often need the same handler和while一词可知，与狗“需要固定训练员”对比，老鼠应是对人依赖少，在对人的依赖性方面没有像狗对人的依赖那么严苛。故选A项。 70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：APOPO已与坦桑尼亚野生动物管理局合作，新加坡和法国也表示有兴趣。A. competes竞争；B. disagrees不同意；C. cooperates合作；D. argues争论。根据前文“APOPO has successfully tested rats at Tanzania’s Dar es Salaam port.”可知，该组织已在坦桑尼亚进行了成功的测试，可推知与该国是进行合作。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市宝山区行知中学·期末） How Do Fish Survive in Icy Waters? Animals like seals, penguins, and a wide variety of sea birds are all fish eaters. They live in the Arctic and Antarctic Circle, among the icecaps. The land is completely frozen. Yet these animals 71 to live in this region. How do they do it? The icy waters of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans 72 a great amount of marine life. For millions of years, life has remained unchanged, making it possible for these animals to 73 these particular patterns of existence. But they do get some help from 74 . All liquids have a boiling point and a freezing point. When the outside temperature 75 below the freezing point of water, lakes and rivers get frozen. 76 , only the top layer of the lake or river freezes. Underneath the frozen upper layer, the water remains in its 77 form and does not freeze. Also, oxygen is trapped beneath the layer of ice. 78 , fish and other marine animals find it possible to live comfortably in the frozen lakes and ponds. But why doesn’t the entire body of water 79 , like a giant, lake-sized ice-cube? During winter months in colder countries, the outside temperature is very low and the upper layers of water in the lakes and ponds start 80 . When the temperature of the surface layers falls to 4℃, the water body acquires maximum density and 81 . The water that drops down 82 the water below, and the lower layers of water simultaneously rise up. This also gets cooled to 4℃ and again falls down. When the temperature of the water body finally goes below 4℃, the density or heaviness of water decreases and as a result water does not sink down. The 83 water finally freezes at 0℃while the lower part still remains at 4℃. The light frozen layer of ice floats on top. Ice does not allow heat to pass through it easily, so the freezing of the waters below is a very 84 process. At depths below 30 metres, temperatures are cold and stable but food is scarce. As a result, certain species of flatfish and polar fish have a(n) 85 growing rate, so that they can adapt to this tough situation to survive. 71．A．manage B．struggle C．try D．hope 72．A．trap B．transport C．support D．measure 73．A．adapt to B．devote to C．keep in mind D．get rid of 74．A．nature B．human C．science D．society 75．A．rises B．changes C．jumps D．declines 76．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．However 77．A．solid B．liquid C．hard D．soft 78．A．For instance B．In other words C．As a result D．On the contrary 79．A．flow B．freeze C．melt D．drop 80．A．boiling B．combing C．cooling D．functioning 81．A．floats up B．sinks down C．stands up D．calms down 82．A．replaces B．advances C．stimulates D．transforms 83．A．bottom B．middle C．density D．surface 84．A．quick B．easy C．stable D．slow 85．A．reduced B．fastened C．updated D．survived 【答案】 71．A 72．C 73．A 74．A 75．D 76．D 77．B 78．C 79．B 80．C 81．B 82．A 83．D 84．D 85．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述鱼在冰水中的生存原理及相关自然现象。 71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这些动物却设法生活在这个地区。A. manage设法做到；B. struggle挣扎；C. try尝试；D. hope希望。根据上文“They live in the Arctic and Antarctic Circle”及下文“to live in this region”可知，这些动物成功在极寒地区生存，此处表示这些动物设法生活在这个地区，manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”。故选A。 72．考查动词词义辨析。句意：北极和南极海洋的冰冷海水孕育了大量的海洋生物。A. trap困住；B. transport运输；C. support养育，支撑；D. measure测量。根据下文“a great amount of marine life”可知，这些水域为海洋生物提供了生存条件，此处表示孕育了大量的海洋生物。故选C。 73．考查动词短语辨析。句意：数百万年来，生命一直保持不变，使这些动物能够适应这些特定的生存模式。A. adapt to适应；B. devote to致力于；C. keep in mind记住；D. get rid of摆脱。根据上文“life has remained unchanged”及下文“these particular patterns of existence”可知，动物需要适应特殊的生存环境，“adapt to”符合语境。故选A。 74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但它们确实从自然界得到了一些帮助。A. nature自然界；B. human人类；C. science科学；D. society社会。根据下文“All liquids have a boiling point and a freezing point.”可知，下文解释水的物理特性（如结冰规律），属于自然现象，此处表示从自然界得到了一些帮助。故选A。 75．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当外界温度降至水的冰点以下时，湖泊和河流就会结冰。A. rises上升；B. changes改变；C. jumps跳跃；D. declines下降。根据下文“below the freezing point of water”可知，此处表示温度降至水的冰点以下。故选D。 76．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，只有湖泊或河流的表层结冰。A. Moreover此外；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. However然而。前文提到温度下降水会结冰，后文转折说明只有表层结冰，前后为转折关系，应用however。故选D。 77．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在结冰的上层下面，水仍然保持液态，不会结冰。A. solid固体的；B. liquid液体的；C. hard坚硬的；D. soft柔软的。根据下文“does not freeze”可知，此处表示冰层下的水为液态。故选B。 78．考查介词短语辨析。句意：因此，鱼类和其他海洋动物能够在冰冻的湖泊和池塘中舒适地生活。A. For instance例如；B. In other words换句话说；C. As a result因此；D. On the contrary相反。前文解释冰层下保留液态水和氧气，后文为结果，此处表示因果关系，应用as a result。故选C。 79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是为什么整个水体不会像一块巨大的、湖泊大小的冰块一样冻结呢？A. flow流动；B. freeze冻结；C. melt融化；D. drop下降。根据下文“like a giant, lake-sized ice-cube”可知，此处表示为什么水为何不全部结冰，“freeze”符合语义。故选B。 80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在较冷国家的冬季，外界温度非常低，湖泊和池塘的上层水开始冷却。A. boiling沸腾；B. combing梳理；C. cooling冷却；D. functioning运转。根据上文“During winter months in colder countries, the outside temperature is very low”可知，此处表示上层水开始冷却降温。故选C。 81．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当表层水温降至4℃时，水体达到最大密度并下沉。A. floats up浮起；B. sinks down下沉；C. stands up站起来；D. calms down平静下来。根据下文“The water that drops down”可知，此处表示水体达到最大密度，会向下沉。故选B。 82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：下沉的水取代了下面的水，同时下面的水层上升。A. replaces取代；B. advances前进；C. stimulates刺激；D. transforms转变。根据下文“the lower layers of water simultaneously rise up”可知，上下层水发生交换，此处表示下沉的水取代了下面的水。故选A。 83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：表层水最终在0℃时结冰，而下层仍保持在4℃。A. bottom底部；B. middle中间；C. density密度；D. surface表面。根据上文“When the temperature of the surface layers falls to 4℃”以及下文“while the lower part still remains at 4℃”可知，此处表示表层水结冰。故选D。 84．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：冰不容易让热量通过，所以下面水的冻结是一个非常缓慢的过程。A. quick快的；B. easy容易的；C. stable稳定的；D. slow慢的。根据上文“Ice does not allow heat to pass through it easily”可知，冰层阻碍热量散发，冻结过程缓慢。故选D。 85．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，某些种类的比目鱼和极地鱼生长速率降低，以便它们能够适应这种恶劣的环境生存下来。A. reduced减少的；B. fastened固定的；C. updated更新的；D. survived幸存的。根据上文“but food is scarce”及下文“so that they can adapt to this tough situation to survive”可知，食物稀缺导致生长速率降低。故选A。 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市浦东新区建平中学·期末） Cambridge Dictionary has put it out to the universe, naming “manifest” as its Word of the Year for 2024. Popularized by celebrities such as singer Dua Lipa, “manifest” refers to the practice of using “methods such as visualization and affirmation to help you 86 achieving something you want, in the belief that doing so will make it more likely to happen,” the British dictionary publisher said in an announcement. Lipa has spoken about how she thinks manifestation has played a part in her success, helping to bring about 87 moments in her career, such as playing at the Glastonbury Festival—the largest greenfield music and performing arts festival in the world—this year. “If you set an 88 , you think about it every single day of your life. For example, when I first started making music, I dreamed about the day that I would get asked to headline Glastonbury.” she said in an interview in April. “In a way, that is setting that idea, in the back of my mind,” she added. “I think it’s powerful.” 89 , US Olympic gymnast Simone Biles has mentioned her use of manifestation after her mother started encouraging her to write down her goals. “You have to write it down, you have to speak it into 90 , you have to see it daily and then it usually happens.” she said in an interview in October. Taken from Latin and French, in English the word “manifest” 91 meant “easily noticed or obvious” before it started to be used as a verb meaning “to show something clearly.” In the early 20th century, it started to be used to mean “to make something happen by internalizing it, intentionally or unintentionally.” according to Cambridge Dictionary. This year marked manifesting’s move into the wider public 92 . In 2024, the word manifest 93 from being mainly used in the self-help community and on social media into being mentioned widely across mainstream media. The use of this sense of manifest has gained 94 with the increasing number of ‘manifesting influencers’ promoting this scientifically unproven practice on social media—so much so that it was added to the Cambridge Dictionary in May 2023. The dictionary said the word has been looked up nearly 130,000 times on its website, making it one of its most 95 entries. Manifest won this year because it increased notably in lookups, its use widened greatly across all types of media, and it shows how the meanings of a word can 96 over time. Other words on the 2024 shortlist include “brat,” inspired by the title of singer Charli XCX’s 2024 album. This year, Collins Dictionary named “brat” its Word of the Year, defining it as someone “ 97 by a confident, independent, and hedonistic (快乐主义的) attitude.” 86．A．estimate B．ease C．tackle D．imagine 87．A．significant B．massive C．astonishing D．primitive 88．A．atmosphere B．alternative C．intention D．isolation 89．A．Consequently B．Similarly C．However D．Contrarily 90．A．innocence B．evolution C．existence D．formation 91．A．universally B．initially C．subjectively D．morally 92．A．consciousness B．symbol C．ambition D．pace 93．A．secured B．submitted C．debated D．transformed 94．A．reputation B．popularity C．conflict D．possession 95．A．viewed B．restored C．resisted D．delayed 96．A．refresh B．slip C．evolve D．engage 97．A．boosted B．characterized C．shifted D．assigned 【答案】 86．D 87．A 88．C 89．B 90．C 91．B 92．A 93．D 94．B 95．A 96．C 97．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了剑桥词典公布 2024 年度词汇为“manifest”，介绍其含义、词源，以及因名人推动和媒体传播而流行的情况。 86．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这家英国词典出版商在一份声明中说，manifest这个词由歌手杜瓦·利帕等名人推广开来，指的是用“想象和肯定等方法来帮助你想象自己想要实现的东西，并相信这样做会让它更有可能实现”。A. estimate估计；B. ease停止；C. tackle处理，解决；D. imagine想象。根据句意以及上文“methods such as visualization”可知，“manifest”指的是使用可视化和想象等方法来帮助实现想要的事情。故选D项。 87．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：利帕谈到了她认为表现如何在她的成功中发挥了作用，帮助她在职业生涯中带来了重要的时刻，比如今年在格拉斯顿伯里音乐节——世界上最大的绿地音乐和表演艺术节上演出。A. significant重要的，有意义的；B. massive大量的，巨大的；C. astonishing令人惊讶的；D. primitive原始的，简单的。根据后文“such as playing at the Glastonbury Festival—the largest green - field music and performing arts festival in the world—this year”可知，这里说的是在她职业生涯中重要的时刻。故选A项。 88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你设定了一个意图，你就会在生命中的每一天都在思考它。A. atmosphere气氛；B. alternative可供选择的事物；C. intention意图；D. isolation隔离，孤立。根据后文“you think about it every single day of your life”以及“For example, when I first started making music, I dreamed about the day that I would get asked to headline Glastonbury.”可知，这里说的是设定一个意图。故选C项。 89．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，美国奥运体操运动员西蒙·拜尔斯也提到，在她的母亲开始鼓励她写下自己的目标后，她使用了表现法。A. Consequently因此； B. Similarly同样地；C. However然而；D. Contrarily相反地。根据前文说利帕谈到了“manifestation”在她成功中的作用，后文说美国奥运体操运动员西蒙·拜尔斯也提到了使用“manifestation”，所以是类似的情况。故选B项。 90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你得把它写下来，得把它说出来使其成为现实，还得每天都能看到它，然后它通常就会实现。” 她在 10 月份的一次采访中说道。A. innocence天真，无辜；B. evolution进化，演变；C. existence存在；D. formation形成。根据语境以及下文“you have to see it daily and then it usually happens”，这里说的是把目标说出来，使其成为现实。故选C项。 91．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“manifest”一词源自拉丁语和法语，在英语中最初意为“容易注意到的或明显的”，后来用作动词，意为“清楚地显示某物”。A. universally普遍地；B. initially最初，开始；C. subjectively主观地；D. morally道德上地。根据后文“before it started to be used as a verb meaning “to show something clearly.”可知，这里说的是这个单词最初的意思。故选B项。 92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年标志着manifest进入了更广泛的公众意识。A. consciousness意识，知觉；B. symbol象征；C. ambition野心，抱负；D. pace步伐，速度。根据语境以及下文“In 2024, the word manifest ____8____ from being mainly used in the self-help community and on social media”今年标志着“manifesting”进入了更广泛的公众意识。故选A项。 93．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在2024年，manifest这个词从主要在自助社区和社交媒体上使用转变为在主流媒体上被广泛提及。A. secured保护，获得；B. submitted提交，服从；C. debated辩论；D. transformed转变，转化。根据后文“from being mainly used in the self - help community and on social media into being mentioned widely across mainstream media”可知，这个单词的使用从主要在自助社区和社交媒体上转变到在主流媒体上被广泛提及。故选D项。 94．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着越来越多的“有影响力的人”在社交媒体上推广这种未经科学证实的做法，manifest一词的使用越来越受欢迎，以至于它于2023年5月被收入剑桥词典。A. reputation名声，声誉；B. popularity流行，受欢迎；C. conflict冲突；D. possession拥有，财产。根据后文“with the increasing number of ‘manifesting influencers’ promoting this scientifically unproven practice on social media”以及前文“Popularized”可知，这种“manifest”的用法随着越来越多的影响者的推广而受到欢迎。故选B项。 95．考查过去分词词义辨析。句意：该词典称，这个词在其网站上被查了近13万次，是访问量最大的词条之一。A. viewed浏览；B. restored恢复；C. resisted抵抗；D. delayed延迟。根据前文“the word has been looked up nearly 130,000 times on its website”可知，它是被浏览次数最多的词条之一。故选A项。 96．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Manifest赢得了今年的奖项，因为它的搜索量显著增加，它在各种媒体上的使用范围大大扩大，而且它显示了一个词的含义是如何随着时间的推移而演变的。A. refresh使恢复；使清新；B. slip滑倒，溜走；C. evolve演变，进化；D. engage参与，从事。根据前文对“manifest”这个单词意思的演变描述以及“over time”可知，这里说的是它展示了一个单词的意思如何随着时间演变。故选C项。 97．考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年，《柯林斯词典》将 “brat”（原义为顽童，此处取新义）命名为年度词汇，将其定义为“以自信、独立和享乐主义态度为显著特征的人”。A. boosted促进，增加； B. characterized以……为特征，描述，定义；C. shifted转移，转变；D. assigned分配，指派。根据语境以及下文“by a confident, independent, and hedonistic attitude”这里是对“brat”的定义，将其定义为“以自信、独立和享乐主义态度为显著特征的人”。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市静安区·期末） Checking packages is unhealthy obsession There’s a child-like joy that comes with ordering something online — whether it be clothes or kitchen gadgets. We sit 98 the U.S. Postal Service or FedEx pages to see when our items will arrive, and we become overly excited, hopeful and anxious. But why? According to Owen O’Kane, a psychotherapist, even the smallest positive future events can 99 us when we’re feeling down. This is why people look forward to dinner reservations, hair appointments and yes, receiving packages. But it’s not the purchase itself that arouses this happiness. Experts say there’s something about the 100 of a package arriving that is exciting for those in need of change in their lives. When our package finally arrives, many of us are satisfied. But that initial excitement has probably 101 because our obsession with our parcel represents much more than the item we purchased. For some, the arrival of a package may represent “an imagined positive future, where you can control your needs for a book or blouse,” making life feel more 102 and less dull. Waiting for a parcel can also serve as a temporary 103 from the boredom, giving you something new to look forward to. “You’re distracting yourself from other feelings like anxiety, boredom. When you imagine a positive event in the future, you feel only joyful expectation. And tracking it down to the street of the delivery truck makes it even more 104 ” O’Kane says. Nevertheless, anticipation isn’t always a good thing. People became angry recently when the U. S. Postal Service announced its slower delivery. And now, many are worried about items arriving late, appearing broken, or simply not 105 expectations. This phenomenon is called pre-parcel anxiety and it’s more common than you would think. “We live in a society where we build expectations and 106 perfectionism. We want efficiency and 107 with patience,” O’Kane explains. A delayed package may seem 108 to some. But for others, feeling hopeful and then being let down is angering and anxiety-provoking. “We feel tricked, sometimes on a personal level. We all want fair transactions, and when we 109 and the other party drops the ball, anger is often the result,” O’Kane says, comparing it to “broken, ignored or forgotten” promises. 110 , O’Kane says these reactions are telling about more deep-rooted issues beyond a delayed package. “Anxiety is 111 to uncertainty, and many struggle with not having control. So it’s really 112 of something bigger, of the need to control everything and to be perfect.” 98．A．winding B．switching C．refreshing D．registering 99．A．fascinate B．motivate C．innovate D．cultivate 100．A．accommodation B．companion C．transportation D．anticipation 101．A．faded B．surged C．remained D．expanded 102．A．advisable B．manageable C．knowledgeable D．considerable 103．A．voyage B．liberty C．resistance D．distraction 104．A．cultural B．real C．pale D．fictional 105．A．catching up with B．giving rise to C．putting up with D．living up to 106．A．embrace B．reject C．sacrifice D．spot 107．A．interact B．struggle C．identify D．charge 108．A．insignificant B．invaluable C．indifferent D．inevitable 109．A．live in harmony B．do our part C．pave the way D．cheer up 110．A．However B．Generally C．Instead D．Fortunately 111．A．attachment B．dominance C．intolerance D．discrimination 112．A．critical B．suspicious C．fond D．symbolic 【答案】 98．C 99．B 100．D 101．A 102．B 103．D 104．B 105．D 106．A 107．B 108．A 109．B 110．A 111．C 112．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述人们网购后频繁查看物流的行为背后，是对积极未来的期待及对掌控感的需求，这种“包裹焦虑”反映了更深层的心理问题。 98．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们坐在电脑前刷新美国邮政或联邦快递的页面，查看物品何时到达，我们变得过于兴奋、充满希望和焦虑。但是为什么呢？A. winding缠绕；B. switching切换；C. refreshing刷新；D. registering注册。根据下文“the U.S. Postal Service or FedEx pages to see when our items will arrive”以及常识可知，查看物流信息时需要刷新页面，refreshing符合语义。故选C项。 99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：心理治疗师欧文·奥凯恩表示，即使是最小的积极未来事件，也能在我们情绪低落时激励我们。A. fascinate使着迷；B. motivate激励；C. innovate创新；D. cultivate培养。根据下文“people look forward to dinner reservations, hair appointments and yes, receiving packages”可知，这里指对未来事件的期待能激励人们，motivate正确。故选B项。 100．考查名词词义辨析。句意：专家表示，对于需要生活改变的人来说，包裹到达的期待是令人兴奋的。A. accommodation住宿；B. companion同伴；C. transportation运输；D. anticipation期待。根据下文“anticipation isn’t always a good thing”以及语境可知，这里指对包裹到达的期待，anticipation是原词复现。故选D项。 101．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但最初的兴奋可能已经消退，因为我们对包裹的痴迷远不止我们购买的物品。A. faded消退；B. surged激增；C. remained保留；D. expanded扩大。由“but”表转折可知，这里指收到包裹后兴奋感消退，与前面的“期待”形成对比，faded符合转折逻辑。故选A项。 102．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对一些人来说，一个包裹的到来可能代表着“一个想象中的积极未来，在那里你可以控制自己对一本书或一件衬衫的需求”，让生活感觉更容易管理，也不那么乏味。A. advisable明智的；B. manageable可控制的；C. knowledgeable博学的；D. considerable相当大的。根据下文“less dull”以及语境可知，这里与“不那么乏味”并列，“可控制的”体现对生活的积极感受，与上文“control your needs”对应，符合语境。故选B项。 103．考查名词词义辨析。句意：等待包裹也可以作为一种暂时的分心，让你有新的期待。A. voyage航行；B. liberty自由；C. resistance抵抗；D. distraction分心。根据下文“distracting yourself from other feelings”可知，这里指等待包裹可让你暂时分心，distraction是原词复现。故选D项。 104．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：追踪到送货卡车的街道，会让它感觉更真实。A. cultural文化的；B. real真实的；C. pale苍白的；D. fictional虚构的。根据上文“tracking it down to the street of the delivery truck”以及语境可知，这里指追踪物流信息使期待的事件更真实，real符合语义。故选B项。 105．考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在，许多人担心物品迟到、破损，或者仅仅是不符合预期。A. catching up with赶上；B. giving rise to引起；C. putting up with忍受；D. living up to符合。根据下文“expectations”以及语境可知，这里指收到的物品不符合预期，not living up to expectations，表示“不符合预期”，符合语境。故选D项。 106．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们生活在一个建立期望并拥抱完美主义的社会。A. embrace拥抱；B. reject拒绝；C. sacrifice牺牲；D. spot发现。根据上文“build expectations”以及语境可知，这里与“建立期望”并列，“拥抱”完美主义符合语境。故选A项。 107．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们想要效率，却很难有耐心。A. interact互动；B. struggle挣扎；C. identify识别；D. charge充电。根据上文“We want efficiency”以及语境可知，这里与 “想要效率”形成对比，表“我们很难有耐心”，struggle with patience，表示“缺乏耐心”，符合语境。故选B项。 108．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：延迟的包裹对某些人来说可能微不足道。A. insignificant微不足道的；B. invaluable无价的；C. indifferent冷漠的；D. inevitable不可避免的。根据下文“for others, feeling hopeful and then being let down is angering and anxiety-provoking”以及But表转折可知，此处指包裹延迟对一些人来说微不足道，与后文“激怒和焦虑”形成对比。故选A项。 109．考查动词短语辨析。句意：奥凯恩说：“我们都希望交易公平，当我们尽到了自己的责任，而另一方却搞砸了，愤怒往往就会随之而来。” 他将这种情况比作那些“被违背、被忽视或被遗忘” 的承诺。A. live in harmony和谐共处；B. do our part尽自己的本分；C. pave the way铺路；D. cheer up振作起来。根据下文“other party drops the ball”以及语境可知，这里“另一方失误”与“我们尽了自己的本分”形成对比，所以do our part正确。故选B项。 110．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，O’Kane 表示，这些反应揭示了比包裹延迟更根深蒂固的问题。A. However然而；B. Generally通常；C. Instead相反；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据下文“these reactions are telling about more deep-rooted issues beyond a delayed package”以及语境可知，前句讲具体反应，此句转向深层原因，应用However表转折。故选A项。 111．考查名词词义辨析。句意：焦虑是对不确定性的不容忍，许多人难以控制。A. attachment依恋；B. dominance支配；C. intolerance无法容忍；D. discrimination歧视。根据上文“Anxiety” 和下文“uncertainty”以及上文对延迟包裹的焦虑情况可知，这里指焦虑是对不确定性的不容忍，intolerance正确。故选C项。 112．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以它实际上象征着更重大的意义，象征着一种掌控一切、追求完美的需求。A. critical批判的；B. suspicious怀疑的；C. fond喜爱的；D. symbolic象征的。根据上文“these reactions are telling about more deep-rooted issues beyond a delayed package”可知，这里指象征更重大的意义，符合对深层心理的描述。故选D项。 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市曹杨中学·期末） If you survey American parents about what they want for their kids, more than 90 percent say one of their top priorities is that their children be caring. This makes sense: Kindness and concern for others are held as 113 in nearly every society. But when you ask children what their parents want for them, 81 percent say their parents 114 achievement and happiness over caring. Kids learn what’s 115 to adults not by listening to what we say, but by noticing what gets our attention. And in many developed societies, parents now pay more attention to individual achievement and happiness than anything else. However much we 116 kindness and caring, we’re not actually showing our kids that we appreciate these traits. Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised, then, that kindness appears to be 117 . An analysis of annual surveys of American college students showed a substantial drop from 1979 to 2009 in imagining the perspectives of others. Over this period; students grew 118 to feel concern for people less fortunate than themselves. It’s not just that people care less; they seem to be 119 less, too. In one experiment, a sociologist left thousands of what appeared to be lost letters in dozens of American cities in 2001, and again in 2011. From the first round to the second one, the proportion of letters that was 120 by passersby and put in a mailbox declined by 10 percent. Psychologists find that kids born after 1995 121 as much as their predecessors (前辈) that other people experiencing difficulty should be helped — but they feel less personal responsibility to take action themselves. If we truly care less about one another, some of the 122 lies with the values parents have promoted. In our own lives, we’ve observed many parents becoming so focused on achievement that they 123 kindness. Other parents discourage kindness, seeing it as a source of 124 in a fiercely competitive world. In some parenting circles, for example, there’s a movement against 125 when preschoolers are selfish in their play. These parents worry that stepping in might prevent kids from learning to stick up for themselves, and say that they’re less 126 the prospect of raising an adult who doesn’t share than one who struggles to say no. But there’s no reason parents can’t teach their kids to care about others and themselves — to be both 127 and self-respecting. If you encourage children to consider the needs and feelings of others, sometimes they will and sometimes they won’t. But they’ll soon learn that if you don’t treat others considerately, they may not be considerate toward you. 113．A．events B．virtues C．records D．media 114．A．change B．dislike C．value D．pay 115．A．important B．available C．familiar D．equal 116．A．encounter B．deserve C．display D．praise 117．A．in decline B．under control C．on hand D．above average 118．A．more willing B．less likely C．more surprised D．less relieved 119．A．saying B．thinking C．enjoying D．helping 120．A．set aside B．taken down C．picked up D．put off 121．A．care B．doubt C．believe D．complain 122．A．difference B．theme C．demand D．blame 123．A．neglect B．respect C．define D．evaluate 124．A．happiness B．weakness C．comfort D．anxiety 125．A．discriminating B．forgiving C．collapsing D．intervening 126．A．curious about B．grateful for C．worried about D．helpful for 127．A．independent B．generous C．knowledgeable D．appreciative 【答案】 113．B 114．C 115．A 116．D 117．A 118．B 119．D 120．C 121．C 122．D 123．A 124．B 125．D 126．C 127．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了美国父母对孩子期望与孩子感知之间的差异，特别是关于成就、幸福与关怀之间的平衡，以及这种差异如何影响孩子的价值观和行为。 113．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这很有道理：在几乎每个社会中，善良和对他人的关心都被视为美德。A. events事件；B. virtues美德；C. records记录；D. media媒体。根据上文“more than 90 percent say one of their top priorities is that their children be caring(超过90%的人表示，他们的首要任务之一是让孩子变得关心他人)”以及“Kindness and concern for others”可知，善良和对他人的关心都是“美德”。故选B项。 114．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当你问孩子们他们的父母希望他们成为什么样的人时，81%的孩子说他们的父母更看重成就和幸福，而不是关心他人。A. change改变；B. dislike不喜欢；C. value重视；D. pay支付。根据上文“what their parents want for them”和下文“parents now pay more attention to individual achievement and happiness than anything else(比起其他任何事情，父母现在更关注个人的成就和幸福)”可知，此处指孩子们认为父母更“重视，看重”成就和幸福。故选C项。 115．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们通过观察什么能吸引我们的注意力，而不是听我们说什么，来了解成年人认为什么是重要的。A. important重要的；B. available可获得的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. equal平等的。根据文章首句中“If you survey American parents about what they want for their kids(如果你调查美国父母对孩子的期望)”以及下文“parents now pay more attention to individual achievement and happiness than anything else(比起其他任何事情，父母现在更关注个人的成就和幸福)”中的“pay attention to”可知，孩子们通过观察父母的注意力所在来了解成年人认为什么是“重要的”。故选A项。 116．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论我们多么赞扬善良和关心他人，我们实际上并没有向孩子们展示我们欣赏这些品质。A. encounter遭遇；B. deserve值得；C. display展示；D. praise赞扬。根据上文“more than 90 percent say one of their top priorities is that their children be caring(超过90%的人表示，他们的首要任务之一是让孩子变得关心他人)”和下文“we’re not actually showing our kids that we appreciate these traits”表达的让步关系可知，父母都希望孩子变得善良体贴，故此处表示尽管我们“赞扬、歌颂”善良和体贴，但实际上没有向孩子表现出这一点。故选D项。 117．考查介词短语辨析。句意：也许我们不应该感到惊讶，因为善良似乎正在减少。A. in decline在减少；B. under control在控制之下；C. on hand在手头；D. above average高于平均水平。根据下文“An analysis of annual surveys of American college students showed a substantial drop from 1979 to 2009 in imagining the perspectives of others.(一项对美国大学生年度调查的分析显示，从1979年到2009年，从别人的角度着想的能力大幅下降)”可知，善良似乎正在“减少，衰退”。故选A项。 118．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：在这段时间里，学生们越来越不太可能对那些比自己不幸的人表示关心。A. more willing更愿意的；B. less likely不太可能的；C. more surprised更惊讶的；D. less relieved不太放心的。根据上文“a substantial drop from 1979 to 2009 in imagining the perspectives of others”可知，为别人着想的能力在下降，故学生们越来越“不太可能”对那些比自己不幸的人表示关心。故选B项。 119．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不仅仅是人们关心得更少了；他们似乎也帮助得更少了。A. saying说；B. thinking思考；C. enjoying享受；D. helping帮助。根据下文“other people experiencing difficulty should be helped — but they feel less personal responsibility to take action themselves(其他遇到困难的人应该得到帮助，但他们觉得自己没有采取行动的个人责任)”可知，人们似乎也更不愿意“帮忙”了。故选D项。 120．考查动词短语辨析。句意：从第一轮到第二轮，被路人捡起并放入邮箱的信件比例下降了10%。A. set aside留出；B. taken down记下；C. picked up捡起；D. put off推迟。根据上文“what appeared to be lost letters”以及下文“by passersby and put in a mailbox”可知，此处表示看似被丢掉的信件被路人“捡起”并放入邮箱。故选C项。 121．考查动词词义辨析。句意：心理学家发现，1995年以后出生的孩子和他们的前辈一样认同那些遇到困难的人应该得到帮助，但他们觉得自己采取行动的个人责任感降低了。A. care关心；B. doubt怀疑；C. believe相信，认同；D. complain抱怨。根据下文“but they feel less personal responsibility to take action themselves”表示的转折关系可知，孩子们“认为”那些遇到困难的人应该得到帮助，但是他们认为自己没有义务采取行动去帮忙，空处和下文“take action”形成对比。故选C项。 122．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们真的不那么关心彼此，部分责任在于父母所提倡的价值观。A. difference差异；B. theme主题；C. demand需求；D. blame责任。根据下文“we’ve observed many parents becoming so focused on achievement that they ____11____ kindness”以及“Other parents discourage kindness”可知，下文描述了父母关注个人成就而不关心善良体贴的事实，故此处表示孩子不会关心他人的部分“责任”在于父母所提倡的价值观。故选D项。 123．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们自己的生活中，我们观察到许多父母过于关注成就，以至于忽视了善良。A. neglect忽视；B. respect尊重；C. define定义；D. evaluate评估。根据上文描述的善良下降的现象以及空前“many parents becoming so focused on achievement”可知，许多父母过于关注成就，以至于“忽视”了善良。故选A项。 124．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他父母则不鼓励善良，认为在一个竞争激烈的世界里，善良是软弱的根源。A. happiness幸福；B. weakness软弱；C. comfort安慰；D. anxiety焦虑。根据上文“Other parents discourage kindness”和下文“in a fiercely competitive world”可知，在一个竞争激烈的世界里，善良被视为“软弱”的根源。故选B项。 125．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，在一些育儿圈子里，有一场运动反对在学龄前儿童在玩耍时表现出自私进行干预。A. discriminating歧视；B. forgiving原谅；C. collapsing崩溃；D. intervening干预。根据下文“stepping in”可知，此处表示反对在孩子玩耍中出现自私行为时“干预”。故选D项。 126．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：这些父母担心干预可能会阻止孩子学会维护自己，并表示与担心培养出一个不懂得分享的成年人相比，他们更担心的是培养出一个难以说“不”的成年人。A. curious about对……好奇；B. grateful for对……感激；C. worried about担心；D. helpful for对……有帮助。根据上文“there’s a movement against ____13____ when preschoolers are selfish in their play. These parents worry that stepping in might prevent kids from learning to stick up for themselves”可知，一些父母反对干预孩子的自私行为，希望孩子学会维护自己，由此推知这些父母“不那么担心”培养出一个不懂得分享的成年人，更担心的是培养出一个不会拒绝的成年人。故选C项。 127．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但父母没有理由不教他们的孩子关心他人和关心自己 —— 既要慷慨仁慈又要自重。A. independent独立的；B. generous慷慨的，仁慈的；C. knowledgeable知识渊博的；D. appreciative感激的。根据上文“teach their kids to care about others and themselves”可知，父母应该教孩子既要“慷慨“又要自尊，此处与care about others对应，表示对他人“慷慨，体贴”。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市杨浦区·期末） You’re a planner. You have your calendar color-coded, dinner reservations booked a month 128 , and you know exactly what you’ll be doing on your next vacation. You meet someone who’s all about “going with the flow,” a non-planner who seldom makes a to-do list. Can a planner and a non-planner live together happily? The short answer is yes. But both need to 129 and meet halfway.   It’s important to note that many successful relationships involve 130 . Planners bring structure, 131 and the comfort of predictability. Non-planners bring flexibility, adaptability and ways to handle the unexpected.   It’s no surprise that good communication is key in any relationship, especially between planners and free spirits. Planners may long for a sense of order and 132 about what’s coming up, while the non-planners prefer going with the moment. This doesn’t have to be a source of 133 . Instead, it can be an opportunity to discuss expectations openly.   While it’s true that no one should have to change their 134 to make a relationship work, compromise (妥协) can help. Rather than expecting anyone to 135 adopt the other’s way of doing things, consider finding a middle ground. For example, maybe the planner takes charge of the essentials, like booking a hotel for a weekend getaway, while the non-planner is free to suggest day-of activities 136 what feels right in the moment.   Planners might discover that they actually enjoy a touch of the unexpected. While unplanned moments can feel unsettling, they often lead to 137 experiences. Planners may also realize that they’re less 138 if they can let go a little, especially for small things.   139 , non-planners may see planning isn’t so bad. Having a few things set up can feel easier. And for big decisions, it’s reassuring to have a(n) 140 partner.   Even with understanding and compromise, your differences will sometimes 141 each other. When that happens, take a step back and remember what you appreciate about your partner’s style. These moments are normal -- they can actually 142 the strengths each of you bring to the partnership.   So, can opposites work? Yes, if you respect each other, stay open-minded, and find balance. The best relationships often are the ones that challenge us to see things from a new perspective. 128．A．in advance B．in person C．in detail D．in secret 129．A．justify B．guarantee C．adapt D．intervene 130．A．comments B．expectations C．sacrifices D．opposites 131．A．creativity B．reliability C．uncertainty D．popularity 132．A．clarity B．complaint C．concern D．argument 133．A．strength B．confusion C．happiness D．conflict 134．A．personality B．identity C．appearance D．background 135．A．doubtfully B．randomly C．fully D．blindly 136．A．separated from B．based on C．engaged in D．composed of 137．A．unforgettable B．unavoidable C．unavailable D．unbearable 138．A．fulfilled B．depressed C．confused D．stressed 139．A．On the other side B．On the contrary C．As a result D．In addition 140．A．talented B．qualified C．organized D．devoted 141．A．inspire B．annoy C．comfort D．unite 142．A．neglect B．weaken C．highlight D．preserve 【答案】 128．A 129．C 130．D 131．B 132．A 133．D 134．A 135．C 136．B 137．A 138．D 139．A 140．C 141．B 142．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨规划者和非规划者能否和谐共处，指出双方需相互适应、妥协并找到平衡。 128．考查介词短语辨析。句意：你有一个彩色编码的日历，提前一个月预订晚餐，并且清楚地知道下一个假期要做什么。A. in advance提前；B. in person亲自；C. in detail详细地；D. in secret秘密地。根据上文“You’re a planner.”以及下文的“and you know exactly what you’ll be doing on your next vacation”可知，作为规划者，还准确知道自己下一个假期要做什么，由此可知，规划者会“提前”一个月预订晚餐。故选A项。 129．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但双方都需要适应并折中。A. justify证明……有理；B. guarantee保证；C. adapt适应；D. intervene干预。根据下文“and meet halfway”可知，双方需要适应并折中。故选C项。 130．考查名词词义辨析。句意：值得注意的是，许多成功的关系都涉及对立面。A. comments评论；B. expectations期望；C. sacrifices牺牲；D. opposites对立面。根据下文“Planners bring structure, ___4___ and the comfort of predictability. Non-planners bring flexibility, adaptability and ways to handle the unexpected.”可知，规划者和非规划者是对立面，许多成功的关系都涉及“对立面”符合语境。故选D项。 131．考查名词词义辨析。句意：规划者带来结构、可靠性和可预测性的舒适感。A. creativity创造力；B. reliability可靠性；C. uncertainty不确定性；D. popularity受欢迎。根据上文“Planners bring structure”以及下文的“Non-planners bring flexibility, adaptability and ways to handle the unexpected.”可知，此处与下文的内容的对立面，由此可知，规划者带来结构，“可靠性”和可预测性的舒适感，符合语境。故选B项。 132．考查名词词义辨析。句意：规划者可能渴望一种秩序感和对即将发生的事情的清晰认识，而非规划者更喜欢随波逐流。A. clarity清晰；B. complaint抱怨；C. concern关心；D. argument争论。根据上文“Planners may long for a sense of order”可知，规划者渴望秩序感，由此可知，此处表示对即将发生事情的“清晰”认识，符合语境。故选A项。 133．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这不一定是冲突的根源。A. strength力量；B. confusion困惑；C. happiness幸福；D. conflict冲突。根据下文“Instead, it can be an opportunity to discuss expectations openly.”可知，这不一定是冲突的根源，相反是公开讨论期望的机会。故选D项。 134．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然没有人应该为了维持一段关系而改变自己的个性，但是妥协是有帮助的。A. personality个性；B. identity身份；C. appearance外表；D. background背景。根据下文“compromise (妥协) can help.”可知，没有人应该为了维持关系而改变“个性”，但是妥协有帮助。故选A项。 135．考查副词词义辨析。句意：与其期望任何人完全采用对方的做事方式，不如考虑找到一个中间立场。A. doubtfully怀疑地；B. randomly随意地；C. fully完全地；D. blindly盲目地。根据下文“consider finding a middle ground”可知，不要期望任何人“完全”采用对方的做事方式，而是找中间立场。故选C项。 136．考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，或许可以让规划者负责关键事务，比如为周末度假预订酒店，而不擅长规划的人则可以自由根据当下的感觉建议当天的活动。A. separated from与……分离；B. based on基于；C. engaged in从事；D. composed of由……组成。根据上文的“the non-planner is free to suggest day-of activities”与下文“what feels right in the moment”可知，非规划者的建议“基于”当下的感觉。故选B项。 137．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然计划外的时刻可能会让人不安，但它们往往会带来难忘的经历。A. unforgettable难忘的；B. unavoidable不可避免的；C. unavailable难以获得的；D. unbearable难以忍受的。根据上文“Planners might discover that they actually enjoy a touch of the unexpected.”可知，计划外的时刻会带来“难忘的”经历，符合语境。故选A项。 138．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：规划者可能还会意识到，如果他们能稍微放手，尤其是在小事上，他们的压力会更小。A. fulfilled满足的；B. depressed沮丧的；C. confused困惑的；D. stressed有压力的。根据上文的“Planners might discover that they actually enjoy a touch of the unexpected.”可知，规划者很享受那种意外之喜，结合下文“if they can let go a little, especially for small things”可推断，此处指的是规划者稍微放手，“压力”会更小。故选D项。 139．考查介词短语辨析。句意：另一方面，非规划者可能会发现规划并不是那么糟糕。A. On the other side另一方面；B. On the contrary相反；C. As a result结果；D. In addition此外。根据上文“Planners might discover that they actually enjoy a touch of the unexpected.”可知，上文介绍了规划者的一些看法，结合下文“non-planners may see planning isn’t so bad.”可知，这里从另一方面说明非规划者的看法。故选A项。 140．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于重大决定，有一个有条理的伴侣是令人放心的。A. talented有天赋的；B. qualified有资格的；C. organized有条理的；D. devoted忠诚的。根据上文“Planners bring structure, __4___ and the comfort of predictability.”可知，规划者是有条理的，所以对于重大决定，有个“有条理的”伴侣令人放心。故选C项。 141．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使有了理解和妥协，你们的分歧有时也会惹恼对方。A. inspire激励；B. annoy惹恼；C. comfort安慰；D. unite团结。根据下文“When that happens, take a step back and remember what you appreciate about your partner’s style.”可知，分歧有时会“惹恼”对方，这时要退一步。故选B项。 142．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些时刻是正常的——它们实际上可以突出你们各自为这段关系带来的优势。A. neglect忽视；B. weaken削弱；C. highlight突出；D. preserve保护。根据下文“the strengths each of you bring to the partnership”可知，这些时刻能“突出”双方为关系带来的优势。故选C项。 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市敬业中学·期末） Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the hope of reducing the 143 of lives. In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made, which allow for better accuracy in 144 the paths of storms. Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar). NEXRAD is a tracking network 145 158 Doppler weather radars. And during a storm this high-resolution computerized 146 takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds. These 147 are bounced back to a local weather computer, and a colorful image appears on the screen,giving meteorologists a clear picture of what kind of weather is on the horizon. This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings. 148 , on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm. If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will 149 severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area. 150 , the storm captured on the radar will have produced strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail (冰雹). Paying attention to the weather map is 151 when severe weather is around. On the television screen you will see several colors on the precipitation map, 152 from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest). If the colors for your 153 area are yellow, take caution. If the colors range between orange and red, take cover immediately, as damaging winds and dangerous lightning have been reported. When local weather radar in Atlanta, Georgia reported high winds, circular wind patterns and large hail earlier this year, the National Weather Service issued a tornado 154 . Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, 155 which areas needed to be warned. Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek 156 before the storm hit. Paying attention to your 157 weather source during severe weather plays a vital role in your safety. 143．A．loss B．increase C．protection D．value 144．A．changing B．controlling C．predicting D．guiding 145．A．faced with B．exposed to C．involved in D．made up of 146．A．structure B．system C．mode D．style 147．A．figures B．data C．readings D．statistics 148．A．Most likely B．Most evidently C．Most interestingly D．Most importantly 149．A．decide B．estimate C．handle D．issue 150．A．By the way B．In that case C．To some extent D．On the contrary 151．A．vital B．reasonable C．normal D．available 152．A．expanding B．spreading C．ranging D．extending 153．A．proper B．specific C．typical D．regular 154．A．process   B．threat C．warning D．sign 155．A．indicating B．recognizing C．covering D．recommending 156．A．rescue B．residence C．support D．shelter 157．A．local B．international C．nationwide D．neighborhood 【答案】 143．A 144．C 145．D 146．B 147．C 148．A 149．D 150．B 151．A 152．C 153．B 154．C 155．A 156．D 157．A 【导语】本文是说明文。气象学家和科学家们一直在研究增加天气预警时间的新方法，以期减少生命损失。天气雷达技术的进步，尤其是NEXRAD这种雷达体系，能够更准确及时地预报不同程度的天气状况，进而给人们警告，让人们采取适当的防范措施。 143．考查名词词义辨析。句意：气象学家和科学家们一直在研究增加风暴预警时间的新方法，以期减少生命损失。A. loss 失去；B. increase 增长；C. protection 保护；D. value 价值。根据上文“Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather.”可知，历史上，许多人死于恶劣天气。结合此句句意，科学家应该是研究新方法减少生命的损失，故选A。 144．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几十年里，当地的天气雷达已经取得了进步，这使得预报风暴路径的精确度更高。A. changing 改变；B. controlling 控制；C. predicting 预测；D. guiding 指导。根据前文“In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made”可知，天气雷达技术已经取得了进步，所以“预报”的精确度更高，故选C。 145．考查动词短语辨析。句意：NEXRAD是一个由158个多普勒天气雷达组成的跟踪网络。A. faced with 面对；B. exposed to 暴露；C. involved in 包含在……，与……有关；D. made up of 组成。分析句子结构可知，此空是过去分词作a tracking network的后置定语，结合空后“158 Doppler weather radars.”以及选项可知，此处表示“一个由158个多普勒天气雷达组成的跟踪网络 ”。故选D。 146．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在暴风雨中，这个高分辨率的计算机系统读取空气中的降水量、云层的运动和风速。A. structure 结构；B. system 体系；C. mode 方式，风格；D. style 方式，样式。上文“eteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar).”提到了使用这种被称作NEXRAD的先进的追踪系统，用这个系统，气象学家和科学家已经能够成功地跟踪严重的雷暴和可能的龙卷风，所以此处指的就是这个系统。故选B。 147．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些读数被传回当地的气象计算机，屏幕上会出现一幅彩色图像，让气象学家清楚地了解地平线上的天气情况。A. figures 数字；B. data 数据；C. readings 读数；D. statistics 统计数字。上文“And during a storm this high-resolution computerized　　　4　　　takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds.”提到这种体系读取空气中的降水量、云层的运动和风速这些数据，所以此处指的就是把这些传回当地的气象计算机的读数。故选C。 148．考查副词短语辨析。句意：很有可能，在你的电视屏幕上，你会看到电脑模拟的未来风暴的图像。A. Most likely 很有可能地；B. Most evidently 最明显地；C. Most interestingly 最有趣地；D. Most importantly 最重要地。副词修饰整句话，根据后文“on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm.”和选项，可知此处表示的是，很有可能，你会在电视上看到电脑模拟的天气图像。故选A。 149．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果风暴足够严重，那么国家气象局（NWS）将为你所在地区发布严重雷暴警告的恶劣天气报告。A. decide 决定；B. estimate 估计；C. handle 处理；D. issue 宣布；公布。根据后文“severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area.”可知，此处表示有很严重风暴时，国家气象局会“发布”恶劣天气报告，故选D。 150．考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果这样的话，雷达捕捉到的风暴将产生强大的可读数的风、可探测的闪电和一些冰雹。A. By the way 顺便说；B. In that case 在那种情况下；如果这样的话；C. To some extent 在某种程度上；D. On the contrary 正相反。根据上文“If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will 　　　7　　　severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area.”可知，雷达可以监测风暴情况，如果有严重的风暴，国家气象局就会发布严重风暴的天气报告，如果这样的话，这些报告会预测风暴将会引起怎样的风以及闪电，也就是通过雷达技术，会预测到风暴会产生的强风的风力和风速（就是readable winds可读数的风，也就是可测风力和风向的风)和闪电（就是detectable lightning可检测的闪电）。故选B。 151．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当恶劣天气来临时，注意天气图是至关重要的。A. vital 重要的；B. reasonable 合理的；C. normal 正常的；D. available 可使用的，有空的。根据前文“Paying attention to the weather map”以及后文“when severe weather is around.”可知，严重风暴来临时，注意天气图是至关重要的，这会让你清楚风暴的具体情况，进而做出合适的应对。故选A。 152．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在电视屏幕上，你会看到降水图上有几种颜色，从蓝色（最轻）到黑色（最重）。A. expanding 扩大，增加；B. spreading 展开，打开；C. ranging (在一定的范围内)变化，变动；D. extending 延伸。根据前文“you will see several colors on the precipitation map”，以及空后“from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest)”可知，此处表示的是这些颜色的变化范围。故选C。 153．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你所在的特定区域的颜色是黄色，请小心。A. proper 合适的；B. specific 特定的；C. typical 典型的；D. regular 规则的，定期的。根据后文“area are yellow, take caution.”可知，此处表示的是你所在的特定区域。故选B。 154．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年早些时候，当乔治亚州亚特兰大的当地天气雷达报告有强风、环形风和大冰雹时，国家气象局发布了龙卷风警报。A. process 过程；B. threat 威胁；C. warning 警告；D. sign 签名。根据下文“Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, 　　　13　　　which areas needed to be warned.”可知，该地区的气象学家利用收集到的数据来预测风暴的路径，然后发出警告。故选C项。 155．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该地区的气象学家利用收集到的数据来预测风暴将经过的路径，指出哪些地区需要预警。A. indicating 表明，指出；B. recognizing 认出，识别；C. covering覆盖；D. recommending 推荐。根据空前“Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take”可知，该地区的气象学家预测风暴将经过的路径，这样就可以指出哪些地区需要预警，故选A。 156．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了这项技术，大多数居民提前收到恶劣天气报告，以便在风暴来袭前找到避难所。A. rescue 营救；B. residence 住所；C. support 支持；D. shelter 避难处，住处。根据句意可知，此处表示多亏了这项技术，大多数居民提前收到恶劣天气报告，这样就可以在风暴来袭之前找到“避难所”。故选D。 157．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在恶劣天气期间，注意当地的天气来源对您的安全起着至关重要的作用。A. local 当地的；B. international 国际的；C. nationwide 全国范围的；D. neighborhood街坊。根据前文“Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek　　　14　　　before the storm hit.”可知，多亏了这项技术，大多数居民提前收到恶劣天气报告，这样就可以在风暴来袭之前找到“避难所”，所以应是注意当地的天气来源。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学·期末） “It’s almost a moral duty that museums should be free,” said Glenn Lowry, director of the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in 2002, when a ticket to MOMA cost $12. In October MOMA started charging $30, the latest in a series of price 158 involving the Metropolitan Museum, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and so on. Higher energy and labour costs have pushed up ticket prices in Europe, too. Prices have remained 159 only in Asia and the Middle East, where museums are younger and state funding is especially generous. Ticket fees may seem high, particularly in destination cities where tourists are 160 to be discouraged by spending a few more dollars. But whatever museums 161 , it is not covering their operating costs. The Association of Art Museum Directors reported in 2018 that ticket sales accounted on average for just 7% of total 162 at American art museums. Memberships contributed another 7%. The 163 of budgets usually come from charitable donations, grants and retail operations. European museums are less 164 admissions fees, because they are often heavily subsidized (补助) by governments. All national institutions in Britain offer free admission, as do most state-run museums in China while in America some 30% are free. Some observers have repeated Mr Lowry’s call for museum to stop charging for 165 entirely. 166 price s go against museums’goal of sharing art with a more diverse public. They could also speed up the already steep decline in the share of Americans attending museums and galleries. Declining public interest is a challenge for institutions that rely heavily on public support. Those who choose not to visit a museum today may be the people who 167 government subsidies or refuse to write personal cheques as sponsors in a few years. Those who spend time inside museums’galleries are more likely to grasp their richness and want to 168 their own riches in them. Yet significantly reducing costs may not actually do much to 169   new audiences either. If tickets were free, “people who typically come anyway might come more often. 170 that, you’re not really changing your demographic (观众结构), says an economist who studies pricing in the arts. He 171 museums to the best American university: Harvard could afford to make tuition free for all, but many wealthy students who do not need the gift would be among the biggest beneficiaries(受益者). As museums throughout the West debate what price is right, most are unlikely to conclude the answer is 172 , “moral duty” or not. 158．A．lists B．rises C．controls D．wars 159．A．ascending B．flexible C．awe-inspiring D．stable 160．A．unlikely B．supposed C．dissatisfied D．bound 161．A．promote B．submit C．charge D．exhibit 162．A．attendance B．donation C．operation D．revenue 163．A．motivation B．remainder C．generosity D．mixture 164．A．reliant on B．resistant to C．pessimistic about D．tolerant of 165．A．survival B．budgets C．collections D．admission 166．A．Floating B．Discounted C．Ballooning D．Competitive 167．A．contribute to B．vote against C．count on D．despair of 168．A．invest B．evaluate C．anchor D．assemble 169．A．discourage B．relieve C．attract D．entitle 170．A．With a view to B．Apart from C．Contrary to D．For fear of 171．A．credits B．attaches C．refers D．compares 172．A．zero B．both C．wrong D．above 【答案】 158．B 159．D 160．A 161．C 162．D 163．B 164．A 165．D 166．C 167．A 168．A 169．C 170．B 171．D 172．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了博物馆是否应对公众免费开放的问题，以及门票价格对博物馆运营和观众多样性的影响。 158．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在10月，现代艺术博物馆（MoMA）开始收取30美元的门票，这是包括大都会博物馆、旧金山现代艺术博物馆等一系列价格上涨中的最新一次。A. lists清单；B. rises上涨；C. controls控制；D. wars战争。根据上文“MOMA started charging $30”可知，这是价格的上涨，故选B项。 159．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有在亚洲和中东，价格一直保持稳定，那里的博物馆较新，国家资助尤其慷慨。A. ascending上升的；B. flexible灵活的；C. awe-inspiring令人敬畏的；D. stable稳定的。根据下文“where museums are younger and state funding is especially generous”可知，这些地区的博物馆较新，国家资助尤其慷慨可推理出这些地区的博物馆的价格保持稳定，故选D项。 160．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：门票费用可能看起来很高，尤其是在旅游目的地城市，游客不太可能因为多花几美元而却步。A. unlikely不太可能的；B. supposed假定的；C. dissatisfied不满意的；D. bound一定的。根据下文“by spending a few more dollars”可知，游客不太可能因为多花几美元就不去，故选A项。 161．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但无论博物馆收取多少费用，都无法覆盖其运营成本。A. promote促进；B. submit提交；C. charge收费；D. exhibit展览。根据下文“it is not covering their operating costs”可知，此处说的是博物馆的收费，故选C项。 162．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2018年，艺术博物馆馆长协会报告称，门票销售平均仅占美国艺术博物馆总收入的7%。A. attendance出席；B. donation捐赠；C. operation操作；D. revenue收入。根据下文“ticket sales accounted on average for just 7%”可知，说的是门票在总收入中的占比，故选D项。 163．考查名词词义辨析。句意：预算的剩余部分通常来自慈善捐赠、赠款和零售业务。A. motivation动机；B. remainder剩余部分；C. generosity慷慨；D. mixture混合。根据下文“usually come from charitable donations, grants and retail operations”可知，此处说的是其余部分的来源，故选B项。 164．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：欧洲博物馆不太依赖门票收入，因为它们通常得到政府的大量补贴。A. reliant on依赖；B. resistant to抵抗；C. pessimistic about对……悲观；D. tolerant of对……宽容。根据下文“because they are often heavily subsidized (补助) by governments”可知，欧洲博物馆不太依赖门票，故选A项。 165．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些观察人士再次响应洛瑞先生的呼吁，要求博物馆完全停止收取入场费。A. survival生存；B. budgets预算；C. collections收藏；D. admission入场。根据上文“Mr Lowry’s call for museum to stop charging”可知，是停止收取博物馆的入场费，故选D项。 166．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不断上涨的价格违背了博物馆与更多不同公众分享艺术的目标。A. Floating漂浮的；B. Discounted打折的；C. Ballooning膨胀的；D. Competitive有竞争力的。根据下文“prices go against museums’ goal of sharing art with a more diverse public”以及“They could also speed up the already steep decline in the share of Americans attending museums and galleries”可知，此处说的是价格的上涨，故选C项。 167．考查动词短语辨析。句意：那些今天选择不去博物馆的人，可能就是几年后捐献政府补贴或拒绝以赞助人身份开具私人支票的人。A. contribute to捐献；B. vote against投票反对；C. count on依靠；D. despair of绝望。根据下文“government subsidies”可知，此处说的是捐献政府补贴，故选A项。 168．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些在博物馆画廊里花时间的人更有可能领会其丰富性，并希望在其中投资自己的财富。A. invest投资；B. evaluate评估；C. anchor使固定；D. assemble集合。根据下文“their own riches”可知，是投资财富，故选A项。 169．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，大幅降低成本实际上也可能无法吸引新的观众。A. discourage使气馁；B. relieve缓解；C. attract吸引；D. entitle使有资格。根据下文“new audiences”可知，是吸引新观众，故选C项。 170．考查介词短语辨析。句意：除此之外，你并没有真正改变你的观众结构，一位研究艺术定价的经济学家说。A. With a view to着眼于；B. Apart from除……之外；C. Contrary to与……相反；D. For fear of唯恐。根据下文“you’re not really changing your demographic (观众结构)”可知，此处说的是除了前面提到的情况之外，你并没有真正改变你的观众结构，故选B项。 171．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他将博物馆比作美国最好的大学：哈佛大学可以为所有人提供免费学费，但许多不需要这份礼物的富家子弟将是最大的受益者。A. credits归功于；B. attaches附加；C. refers参考；D. compares比较。根据下文“museums to the best American university”可知，是将两者进行比较，故选 D 项。 172．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在西方各地的博物馆都在讨论合适的价格时，大多数博物馆不太可能得出答案是零的结论，不管是不是“道德责任”。A. zero零；B. both两者都；C. wrong错误的；D. above上述的。根据上文“It’s almost a moral duty that museums should be free”可知，此处说的是免费即价格为零的问题，故选A项。 20 / 43 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www zxxk .com 专题03完形填空 基础 必练 主题01人与社会 Passage 1 1.D2.B3.C4.A5.C6.B7.A 8.D B13.C14.D15.C Passage 2 16.B17.A18.B19.A20.C21.B 22.C A27.A28.B29.D30.A 主题02人与自我 Passage 1 31.D32.B33.A34.D35.B36.D37.C A42.C43.B44.D45.A Passage 2 46.C47.B48.B49.D50.C51.C 52.D B57.B58.A59.C60.D 主题03人与自然 Passage 1 61.B62.D63.A64.D65.D66.D67.C Passage 2 71.A72.C73.A74.A75.D 76.D77.B78.C79.B80.C81.B 82.A 1/2 让教与学更高效 9.B10.C11.C12. 23.D24.A25.D26. 38.C39.A 40.B41. 53.C54.A55.C 56. 68.A69.A70.C 83.D84.D85.A 命学科网 www zxxk.com 进阶 提升 主题01人与社会 Passage 1 86.D87.A 88.C 89.B90.C91.B 92 C97.B Passage 2 98.C99.B 100.D101.A102.B103.D B108.A109.B 110.A 111.C112.D 主题02人与自我 Passage 1 113.B114.C115.A116.D117.A 118.B D123.A124.B125.D126.C127.B Passage 2 128.A129.C130.D131.B132.A133.D A138.D139.A140.C141.B142.C 主题03人与自然 Passage 1 143.A144.C145.D146.B147.C148.A C153.B154.C155.A156.D157.A Passage 2 158.B159.D160.A161.C162.D163.B A168.A169.C170.B171.D172.A 2/2 让教与学更高效 A 93.D94.B95.A 96. 104.B105.D106.A107. 119.D120.C121.C122. 134.A135.C136.B137. 149.D150.B151.A152. 164.A165.D166.C167.