上海市2025-2026学年高二第二学期英语期末考试练习卷A

**基本信息** 聚焦科技前沿与社会热点，融合语言能力与思维品质的高二英语期末练习卷，通过真菌智能、量子技术等真实情境考查综合素养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法词汇|28分|时态、非谓语、从句等|以“无聊对创造力的影响”等心理学情境设题，考查语法在真实语境中的运用| |阅读理解|45分|科普、社会话题|选取蚂蚁农业、太空商业化等前沿素材，设推理题和观点题，培养批判性思维| |概要写作|10分|信息整合|要求概括“内向者优势”文本，考查提炼核心观点与逻辑重组能力| |翻译写作|30分|汉译英、应用文|结合“太空垃圾研讨会”“手机沉迷建议”等现实话题，检测语言输出与跨文化表达|

上海市2025-2026学年高二第二学期英语期末考试练习卷A (考试时间：105分钟 卷面满分：115分) 第I卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary: (28分) Section A (8分) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1．The newly-discovered ancient manuscript, which dates back to the Tang Dynasty, is believed ________ the earliest known record of tea trade along the Silk Road. A. to contain B. to have contained C. containing D. having contained 2．Scientists ________ in the polar research station ________ the effects of climate change on local wildlife populations over the past decade. A. working … have documented B. worked … documenting C. have worked … document D. work … have documented 3．I ________ in three different countries before I finally settled in my hometown, which shaped my understanding of diverse cultures. A. had lived B. have lived C. was living D. would live 4．Just as the astronauts ________ their historic spacewalk to repair the solar panels, an unexpected alarm suddenly went off in the capsule. A. conducted B. were conducting C. had conducted D. have conducted 5．The research team has developed a new material ________ they claim can absorb up to 90% of carbon emissions from industrial smokestacks. A. which they claim it B. they claim which C. which they claim D. they claim it 6．It was in a small coastal village ________ the local fishermen first noticed the strange disappearance of marine species, ________ environmentalists later traced to illegal deep-sea mining. A. where … that B. that … where C. that … that D. where … where 7．A heated debate has arisen among policymakers ________ whether to impose stricter regulations on artificial intelligence development. A. about B. over C. with D. of 8．Only after the autonomous vehicle successfully completed over one million test miles without a single accident ________ approved for public roads. A. it was B. was it C. did it D. it did 9．The professor is deeply concerned about the growing disconnect ________ many young people feel between their online identities and their real-world selves. A. which B. as C. how D. when 10．The concert hall fell silent as the lights dimmed. ________ a young pianist barely out of his teens, his fingers hovering nervously over the keys. A. On the stage stood B. Standing on the stage C. On the stage standing D. Did stand on the stage 11．This is such a groundbreaking discovery ________ has the potential to revolutionize renewable energy ________ we must invest heavily in its development. A. that … as B. as … as C. as … that D. that … that 12．The newly appointed CEO, along with her management team, ________ determined to transform the struggling company through innovative strategies and sustainable practices. A. have B. are C. is D. being 13．Health officials ________ such strict lockdown measures had they known the new variant would prove far less severe than initially feared. A. needn't have imposed B. mustn't have imposed C. wouldn't have imposed D. couldn't have imposed 14．________ all nations committed to carbon neutrality ________ and held accountable for their environmental promises. A. May … be monitored B. Shall … be monitored C. Will … are monitored D. Can … being monitored 15．In an era of information explosion, ________ social media platforms is to balance freedom of expression with preventing the spread of harmful content. A. what is expected of B. it is expected that C. where it is expected D. it is expected of 16．Whenever we hear about communities affected by natural disasters, even in remote corners of the globe, we feel deep sympathy for the people ________. A. to displace B. having been displaced C. to have been displaced D. displaced Section B (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Power of Boredom In our hyper-connected world, boredom has become something we desperately try to avoid. We instinctively reach for our phones the moment we experience an unfilled moment, ____17____ (seek) constant stimulation through social media, videos, or games. Yet researchers argue that this avoidance of boredom comes at a significant cost to our creativity and mental well-being. Psychologists have long recognized that boredom serves an important evolutionary purpose. When we feel bored, our brains are signaling ____18____ our current situation lacks engagement or meaning, and that we should seek out alternative activities. This discomfort, ____19____ unpleasant it may feel, actually motivates us to pursue more rewarding goals. In other words, boredom is not a problem to be solved but a signal to be heard. Recent studies ____20____ (demonstrate) that people who allow themselves to experience boredom without immediately escaping it show greater creativity in problem-solving tasks. In one experiment, participants ____21____ (ask) to complete a creative task after enduring a particularly boring activity. Those who sat through the boredom without distraction produced significantly more innovative solutions than those who had been allowed to use their phones. ____22____ is particularly fascinating is that the quality of boredom matters. Mind-wandering — allowing our thoughts to drift naturally during boring moments — appears to be especially beneficial for creative thinking. During these periods, our brains ____23____ (engage) in what neuroscientists call the "default mode network," ____24____ different brain regions communicate in new ways, forming unexpected connections between seemingly unrelated ideas. This does not mean we should seek out boredom at every opportunity. Rather, we should reconsider our automatic response to it. The next time you find yourself waiting in line or sitting through a slow lecture, consider resisting the urge to reach for your phone. ____25____ you might discover is that the empty space you were trying to fill was actually full of creative potential all along. By learning to sit with boredom rather than instantly escaping it, we can transform a previously negative experience into ____26____ valuable tool for mental exploration and creative growth. The quiet moments our modern world tries so hard to eliminate may be exactly what our minds need most. Section C (10分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accessing B. celebrated C. claim D. established E. evidence F. gains G. launched H. massive I. recognition J. solar K. witnessed China has achieved another remarkable feat in its green energy transition, with the country's installed capacity of renewable energy surpassing coal-fired power for the first time in history. This ____27____ shift represents a turning point not only for China's energy landscape but for global climate action as well. According to data released by the National Energy Administration, wind and ____28____ power facilities now account for over 35% of the country's total power generation capacity. Industry experts have ____29____ this development as a historic moment, coming more than a decade ahead of many international projections. The achievement is particularly noteworthy given China's reputation as the world's largest coal consumer. For years, critics have questioned whether the nation could balance its economic growth with environmental responsibility. This new data provides compelling ____30____ that China is serious about its "dual carbon" goals of peaking emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. "China's renewable energy sector has demonstrated remarkable innovation and scale," said Dr. Li Wei, an energy policy researcher at Tsinghua University. "What we have ____31____ over the past five years is an acceleration that few thought possible. The manufacturing capacity, the installation speed, and the grid integration — all have exceeded expectations." The rapid growth has brought significant economic ____32____ as well. The renewable energy industry now employs over 4.5 million people in China, from manufacturing and installation to maintenance and research. This has helped offset job losses in traditional energy sectors during the transition. International ____33____ of China's green leadership has grown accordingly. At last year's COP28 climate conference, delegates from developing nations pointed to China's example as proof that economic development and emissions reduction can proceed together. Several countries have since ____34____ partnerships with Chinese firms to develop their own renewable infrastructure. However, challenges remain. The intermittent nature of renewable sources requires better storage solutions, and the ____35____ grid infrastructure needs significant upgrading. Nevertheless, the momentum appears unstoppable. As one industry analyst put it, "China has found its green stride, and there is no turning back now. The only question is how much faster the transition can ____36____." II. Reading Comprehension: (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The Hidden Intelligence of Fungi When we think of intelligent life, we typically imagine creatures with brains and nervous systems. But a growing body of research suggests we may need to ____37____ our definition of intelligence to include some of Earth's most ancient organisms: fungi. Far from being simple organisms that merely ____38____ nutrients, fungi possess remarkable abilities that challenge our understanding of cognition. Mycologist Merlin Sheldrake, author of "Entangled Life," describes fungal networks as "a form of intelligence without a brain." These organisms can ____39____, learn from experience, and even make decisions that benefit their survival. Consider the mycelium — the underground network of fungal threads that connects plants and trees in what scientists call the "wood wide web." When a tree is ____40____ by insects, it can send chemical warning signals through fungal networks to neighboring trees, which then ____41____ their own chemical defenses. This cooperative behavior suggests a level of coordination that many researchers once believed was unique to animals. In laboratory experiments, fungi have demonstrated problem-solving abilities that ____42____ many expectations. When faced with a maze, fungal growth patterns will consistently find the most ____43____ route to a food source. Even more impressively, if researchers then move the food source, the fungus will adjust its growth pattern based on its previous experience — a basic form of ____44____. The implications of these findings extend far beyond academic curiosity. Understanding fungal intelligence could ____45____ new approaches to computing, network design, and even urban planning. Some researchers have proposed that fungal networks could serve as ____46____ for more efficient transportation systems, as the mycelium's ability to optimize resource distribution over complex terrain far surpasses current human engineering. Yet these organisms face serious threats. Climate change, deforestation, and intensive agriculture are ____47____ fungal biodiversity at an alarming rate. "We are losing forms of intelligence we have only just begun to understand," warns Dr. Katie Field, a professor of plant-soil processes. "The ____48____ cost of this loss is impossible to calculate." The study of fungal intelligence also raises philosophical questions about the nature of consciousness. If a fungus can learn, remember, and make decisions, does it ____49____ in some form of awareness? While most scientists avoid such claims, the research has certainly shown that our traditional hierarchies of intelligence — with humans at the top and fungi near the bottom — are ____50____ outdated. ____51____, the more we learn about fungi, the more we realize how much we don't know. These remarkable organisms have been quietly shaping life on Earth for over a billion years, and they still have many secrets to ____52____. 37. A. limit B. expand C. maintain D. defend 38. A. produce B. absorb C. reject D. store 39. A. communicate B. compete C. fight D. rest 40. A. strengthened B. attacked C. nourished D. ignored 41. A. reduce B. lose C. activate D. study 42. A. meet B. exceed C. set D. lower 43. A. direct B. difficult C. dangerous D. expensive 44. A. competition B. cooperation C. memory D. destruction 45. A. block B. inspire C. require D. complicate 46. A. warnings B. models C. obstacles D. victims 47. A. discovering B. protecting C. destroying D. increasing 48. A. financial B. social C. physical D. true 49. A. participate B. believe C. result D. engage 50. A. rarely B. barely C. clearly D. secretly 51. A. In conclusion B. By contrast C. On the other hand D. In addition 52. A. reveal B. hide C. collect D. ignore Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In the depths of the Amazon rainforest, scientists have discovered that some species of ants have been farming fungi for over 50 million years — long before humans ever considered agriculture. These leafcutter ants don't actually eat the leaves they tirelessly collect. Instead, they bring them back to their underground nests to serve as fertilizer for the fungus gardens they meticulously maintain. This ancient partnership represents one of nature's most sophisticated agricultural systems. The ants carefully tend their fungal crops, weeding out competing organisms and even applying antibiotics to prevent disease. The fungus, in turn, produces specialized structures called gongylidia that are rich in nutrients, serving as the ants' primary food source. Neither species can survive without the other — a textbook example of coevolution at its most intimate. What makes this relationship particularly remarkable is the ants' ability to optimize their farming practices. Research published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences shows that leafcutter ants adjust their foraging behavior based on the nutritional needs of their fungal crops. When the fungus requires more nitrogen, the ants selectively collect leaves from plant species with higher nitrogen content. This selective harvesting demonstrates a level of agricultural sophistication that rivals human farming methods. The ants also exhibit impressive problem-solving abilities when their gardens are threatened. If a parasitic fungus invades, worker ants will immediately remove the affected portion and apply antimicrobial compounds produced by specialized bacteria living on their bodies. Some species even maintain "waste dumps" far from the main nest where contaminated material is isolated — a primitive form of quarantine that public health officials would recognize. Dr. Cameron Currie, a microbiologist studying these ant-fungus relationships, notes that human agriculture might learn valuable lessons from these insects. "We've been farming for about 12,000 years," he points out. "These ants have been doing it for 50 million years. They've solved problems we're still struggling with, particularly regarding sustainable pest management and soil health." The comparison becomes even more striking when considering antibiotic resistance. The antibiotics used by leafcutter ants have remained effective for millions of years, while human-developed antibiotics often lose effectiveness within decades due to bacterial evolution. Scientists are now studying the ants' methods for potentially improving our own agricultural and medical practices. Yet these remarkable farmers face an uncertain future. Deforestation in the Amazon threatens to destroy their habitats before we fully understand their sophisticated societies. As Dr. Currie warns, "We might be losing the world's most experienced agricultural consultants without ever having properly interviewed them." 53. What can be learned about leafcutter ants from the passage? A. They consume the leaves they collect as their primary food source. B. They have been practicing agriculture longer than humans have. C. They rely on a single type of plant leaf for their fungal gardens. D. They are the only insect species known to practice any form of farming. 54. How do leafcutter ants demonstrate "selective harvesting" according to the passage? A. They choose leaves based on what their fungal crop needs. B. They only collect leaves during specific seasons of the year. C. They avoid leaves that have been exposed to rainfall. D. They prefer leaves from older, more established trees. 55. What can be inferred about the antibiotics used by leafcutter ants? A. They are manufactured entirely within the ants' own bodies. B. They have shown signs of losing effectiveness over time. C. They have remained effective for an extraordinarily long period. D. They are identical to antibiotics developed by human medicine. 56. The author's attitude toward the future of these ants can best be described as: A. Optimistic that they will adapt to environmental changes. B. Confident that science will protect them from extinction. C. Concerned about their survival due to human activity. D. Indifferent since their agricultural methods are already well-studied. (B) The United Nations has declared 2025 the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology, recognizing that the second quantum revolution is transforming our world in ways that the first — which gave us transistors and lasers — never could. But what exactly makes quantum technology so revolutionary, and why should the average person care? At its core, quantum technology harnesses the bizarre properties of particles at the atomic and subatomic level. Unlike classical computers that process information as bits — either 0 or 1 — quantum computers use qubits that can exist in multiple states simultaneously, a phenomenon called superposition. This allows quantum computers to perform certain calculations exponentially faster than any classical computer could ever hope to achieve. The potential applications are staggering. In medicine, quantum simulations could model complex molecules with perfect accuracy, potentially leading to cures for diseases like Alzheimer's and cancer within years rather than decades. In finance, quantum algorithms could optimize investment portfolios and detect market manipulations that currently go unnoticed. Climate scientists could develop far more accurate climate models, helping us prepare for and mitigate the effects of global warming. However, this revolutionary technology comes with significant risks. Perhaps the most concerning is its potential to break much of our current encryption. The cryptographic systems that protect everything from online banking to government communications rely on mathematical problems that classical computers find difficult to solve. Quantum computers could potentially solve these problems with relative ease, rendering current security measures obsolete overnight. Recognizing this threat, the National Institute of Standards and Technology has been working on post-quantum cryptography — encryption methods designed to resist attacks from both classical and quantum computers. Several tech giants have already begun transitioning to these new standards, though the process is expected to take over a decade to complete. Another significant challenge is practical implementation. Quantum computers require extremely cold temperatures — just fractions of a degree above absolute zero — to maintain quantum coherence. They are also highly sensitive to environmental interference, with even tiny vibrations potentially causing errors in calculations. Current quantum computers fill entire rooms and cost millions of dollars, though researchers are working on more practical designs. China has emerged as a leader in quantum research, with the world's first quantum satellite, Micius, successfully demonstrating quantum entanglement over distances of 1,200 kilometers. The country has also invested billions in quantum research centers and claims to have developed a quantum computer that performs certain calculations 10 trillion times faster than the world's fastest supercomputer. Despite these advances, practical, fault-tolerant quantum computers capable of running useful applications at scale remain years away. Most experts estimate we are at least a decade from seeing quantum computers solve real-world problems that classical computers cannot. This timeline gives industries time to prepare for the quantum future — developing new encryption standards, training a quantum-ready workforce, and exploring potential applications. As with any transformative technology, the ultimate impact of quantum computing will depend on how we choose to develop and deploy it. Will it exacerbate existing inequalities, available only to wealthy nations and corporations? Or will it be harnessed for the common good, helping solve humanity's greatest challenges? The answer will be determined not by physics, but by policy. 57. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To explain the technical details of quantum computing. B. To introduce the significance and relevance of quantum technology. C. To criticize the UN's decision to declare an International Year of Quantum Science. D. To compare quantum technology with classical computing. 58. According to the passage, what is the most alarming risk associated with quantum computers? A. Their extremely high manufacturing costs. B. Their sensitivity to environmental interference. C. Their potential to break current encryption systems. D. Their enormous physical size and energy requirements. 59. What can be inferred about post-quantum cryptography? A. It is already fully implemented by all major tech companies. B. It is being developed specifically to resist quantum computer attacks. C. It uses the same mathematical principles as current encryption methods. D. It has proven to be more expensive than traditional encryption. 60. Which statement about China's quantum research is supported by the passage? A. China is the only country investing heavily in quantum technology. B. China's quantum satellite successfully demonstrated quantum entanglement. C. China has already deployed practical quantum computers for public use. D. China's quantum research is primarily focused on military applications. 61. The author's tone in the final paragraph can best be described as: A. Pessimistic about the future of quantum technology. B. Enthusiastic about inevitable technological progress. C. Thoughtful about the societal choices ahead. D. Dismissive of concerns about quantum inequality. (C) In January 2024, the world watched as a suborbital balloon carrying tourists reached the edge of space, offering breathtaking views of Earth's curvature. This flight was just one of over 400 commercial space launches that year — a number that has more than doubled since 2020. The commercialization of space has arrived with remarkable speed, bringing both unprecedented opportunities and novel challenges. The most visible symbol of this new era is SpaceX's Starship, the largest and most powerful rocket ever built. Its fully reusable design promises to reduce the cost of reaching orbit from thousands of dollars per kilogram to potentially hundreds. This dramatic reduction in launch costs is already opening space to a diverse array of new players. Universities that could never afford dedicated satellite launches now send student-built CubeSats into orbit. Startups are proposing space-based solar power, asteroid mining, and orbital manufacturing — concepts that seemed like science fiction just a decade ago. Yet the rapid expansion of commercial space activity has outpaced the development of governing regulations. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967, the foundational document of space law, was written when only two nations had spacefaring capabilities. Its vague provisions regarding private enterprise and resource extraction are proving inadequate for today's reality. When a US company successfully landed a spacecraft on the Moon in 2024, legal scholars immediately began debating whether the company's claim to landing site rights violated the treaty's principle that celestial bodies are "not subject to national appropriation." The issue of space debris has become particularly urgent. The European Space Agency estimates that over 130 million pieces of space debris orbit Earth, with only 34,000 larger than 10 centimeters being tracked. These objects travel at speeds over 28,000 kilometers per hour, meaning even a tiny paint fleck can cause catastrophic damage to a spacecraft. In 2023, the International Space Station had to perform emergency collision avoidance maneuvers three times — a procedure that was once rare but is now routine. Several companies have proposed debris removal systems, but technical and legal hurdles remain. Who is responsible for removing a defunct satellite launched by a company that no longer exists? If a debris removal mission accidentally damages an active satellite, who bears liability? These questions remain unanswered. Another contentious issue is the allocation of orbital slots and radio frequencies. The geostationary orbit, particularly valuable for communications satellites, has limited capacity. Wealthy nations and corporations have secured the most desirable positions, raising concerns about orbital colonialism. Developing nations argue that current allocation systems favor those who arrived first, perpetuating inequalities from Earth into space. Despite these challenges, proponents of space commercialization point to its potential benefits. The technologies developed for space often find valuable applications on Earth, from lightweight materials to advanced life-support systems. The perspective gained from viewing Earth from space — the "overview effect" — has inspired countless individuals to become environmental stewards. Moreover, the economic activity generated by the space sector creates high-skilled jobs and drives innovation. Perhaps most significantly, space resources could help address pressing terrestrial problems. Water ice discovered on the Moon and asteroids could be converted into rocket fuel, creating a fueling infrastructure that would make deep space exploration practical. Rare earth elements, essential for modern electronics, could be mined from asteroids, reducing the environmental destruction associated with terrestrial mining. The path forward will require international cooperation on an unprecedented scale. The Artemis Accords, led by NASA, have established principles for responsible space exploration, but with only 40 signatory nations out of nearly 200 UN member states, they lack global consensus. Some experts advocate for a new international space treaty specifically addressing commercial activities, similar to how the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea governs ocean activities. As we stand at this threshold, the decisions we make will shape humanity's relationship with space for generations. The commercialization of space is inevitable and potentially beneficial. But without thoughtful governance, the final frontier risks becoming merely an extension of earthly inequalities and conflicts. 62. What problem with the Outer Space Treaty does the passage identify? A. It has not been signed by most spacefaring nations. B. It was written before commercial space activities were common. C. It completely prohibits any private company from operating in space. D. It focuses exclusively on military uses of space. 63. The "overview effect" mentioned in paragraph 7 refers to: A. The technological innovations developed for space exploration. B. The economic benefits generated by the space sector. C. The psychological impact of viewing Earth from space. D. The international cooperation required for space missions. 64. The author's attitude toward space commercialization can best be described as: A. Strongly opposed due to environmental concerns. B. Enthusiastically supportive without reservations. C. Cautiously optimistic with awareness of challenges. D. Indifferent since it does not affect most people. 65. The passage suggests that the allocation of orbital slots and radio frequencies: A. Has been fairly managed through international treaties. B. May perpetuate existing global inequalities into space. C. Is not a significant issue due to abundant space resources. D. Has been resolved by the Artemis Accords. Section C (8分) Directions: Fill in each blank in the article with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Surprising Benefits of Being Wrong Most of us avoid being wrong with the same intensity that we avoid physical pain. We construct elaborate arguments to defend our positions, ignore evidence that contradicts our beliefs, and surround ourselves with people who agree with us. _____66_____. This fear of error is deeply ingrained, but psychological research suggests it may be holding us back in significant ways. Studies conducted at the University of California, Berkeley found that individuals who regularly admitted their mistakes showed higher levels of creativity and problem-solving ability than those who insisted on being right. _____67_____. Consider the concept of intellectual humility — the recognition that your beliefs might be incorrect. Researchers have found that people who score high on measures of intellectual humility are more likely to seek out information that contradicts their views, leading to more accurate understanding of complex issues. _____68_____. The workplace provides particularly compelling evidence for the value of embracing error. Companies that cultivate a culture where mistakes are viewed as learning opportunities rather than failures consistently outperform those with punitive error policies. _____69_____. Of course, this doesn't mean we should strive to be wrong. Rather, we should change our relationship with being wrong — viewing it not as a personal failing but as valuable data. Each error contains information that can help us improve. The only true mistake is failing to learn from our missteps. A. They also reported greater overall life satisfaction and better relationships with others. B. This explains why diverse teams tend to make better decisions than homogeneous ones. C. In fact, our aversion to error may be one of the greatest obstacles to personal growth and learning. D. Being wrong feels bad, but research indicates that the discomfort is temporary while the benefits of learning from mistakes compound over time. E. The more invested we are in a particular belief, the more painful it becomes to discover that we might be mistaken. F. When employees feel psychologically safe enough to admit errors, innovation flourishes and costly mistakes are caught earlier. III. Summary Writing (10分) 70. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Quiet Power of Introverts For decades, our society has operated on what author Susan Cain calls the "Extrovert Ideal" — the belief that the ideal self is gregarious, assertive, and comfortable in the spotlight. From open-plan offices to collaborative learning environments, our institutions are designed for people who thrive on social interaction. But mounting evidence suggests that this preference for extroversion may be causing us to overlook the unique strengths of introverts. Introverts — those who feel drained by excessive social stimulation and energized by quiet, reflective time — make up an estimated one-third to one-half of the population. Yet they often find themselves pressured to act more extroverted in professional and academic settings. This "masking" behavior, as psychologists call it, comes at a significant cost. Studies show that introverts who suppress their natural tendencies report higher levels of stress, lower job satisfaction, and greater emotional exhaustion than those allowed to work in ways that suit their temperament. The bias against introversion is particularly evident in leadership contexts. Extroverts are more likely to be identified as "leadership material" because they speak confidently and command attention in meetings. However, research conducted by Harvard Business School professor Francesca Gino reveals that introverted leaders often achieve better results, particularly when managing proactive teams. While extroverted leaders tend to dominate conversations and dismiss others' ideas, introverted leaders listen more carefully, process information thoroughly, and encourage input from all team members. The workplace is gradually recognizing this reality. Some companies have introduced "quiet hours" for focused work, redesigned office layouts to include private spaces, and adjusted meeting formats to allow written input before verbal discussion. These changes benefit not only introverts but also highly sensitive extroverts who need balance. This is not to suggest that introversion is superior to extroversion. Rather, both personality types bring valuable perspectives. The most effective teams, organizations, and societies are those that create space for both quiet thinkers and energetic speakers. The goal should not be to transform introverts into extroverts, but to appreciate the thoughtful, careful, and deep approach that introverts naturally bring to problem-solving, creativity, and leadership. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第II卷 I. Spelling (5分) Directions: Write out the words according to the relevant definitions. The first letter is given to you. 71. r________ n. the act of returning something to its original condition or position; the process of bringing back something that existed before 72. i________ adj. happening or done at the same time; belonging to the same period of time 73. p________ adj. continuing to exist for a long time or for all time; never changing 74. d________ v. to recognize the difference between two things or people 75. s________ adj. extremely small; barely able to be seen or measured 76. a________ n. a formal public statement about something; a declaration of intention 77. i________ v. to combine two or more things to form a single thing 78. p________ adj. relating to the whole world; worldwide 79. r________ adj. having parts that are organized in a way that follows fixed rules or patterns 80. m________ n. a situation in which different things exist in a way that is pleasing or correct in relation to each other II. Recitation (6分) Text 1 Directions: Fill in each blank with the missing words according to the text. A Christmas Carol tells the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, a miserly old man who is visited by three ghosts on Christmas Eve. The Ghost of Christmas Past shows him his lonely childhood, the Ghost of Christmas Present reveals the ___81___ ___82___ of his poor clerk Bob Cratchit, and the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come shows him a ___83___ ___84___ where he dies unmourned. Text 2 Directions: Fill in each blank with the missing words according to the text. The rise of short video platforms has created new opportunities for creative expression, but it also raises concerns about ___85___ span. Many users find themselves ___86___ ___87___ through endless streams of content, losing hours that could have been spent on more meaningful activities. III. Phrases (6分) Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the phrases given in the box. Each phrase can be used only once. There are two more phrases than you need. account for associated with compensate for in response to interfere with invest in on behalf of regardless of 88. The new environmental regulations require companies to fully ________ their carbon emissions and implement reduction strategies. 89. ________ the growing public concern over data privacy, several tech giants have announced major changes to their user data policies. 90. Despite the language barrier, the two scientists were able to collaborate effectively ________ their different cultural backgrounds. 91. Regular exercise can help ________ the negative health effects of prolonged sitting, which has become increasingly common in modern office jobs. 92. The lawyer delivered a powerful statement ________ the wrongly accused man, arguing passionately for his immediate release. 93. Parents are advised not to let entertainment devices ________ their children's sleep schedules, as proper rest is essential for healthy development. IV. Translation (15分) (3+3+4+5) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 94. 这个关于太空垃圾的国际研讨会将于下周举行，届时来自二十多个国家的科学家将分享他们的最新研究成果。(where) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 95. 这位年轻作家第一部小说的巨大成功让所有人大吃一惊，毕竟他三年前才开始认真写作。(surprise) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 96. 尽管面临着来自传统能源行业的强烈反对，这个国家依然坚定不移地推进其可再生能源计划，力争在2030年前实现碳达峰。(despite) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 97. 这个智能手机应用程序能够实时监测用户的睡眠质量并提供个性化建议，仿佛它比用户自己更了解他们的身体需求。(as if) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing (15%) 98. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom在邮件中提到他最近因为沉迷手机游戏而成绩下降，感到非常困扰。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 表示理解和关心； 2. 分析沉迷手机的危害； 3. 提出合理的建议（至少两条）。 注意：邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours sincerely, Li Hua 参考答案 第I卷 I. Section A (8分) 1. A 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. A 11. C 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. A 16. D Section B (10分) 17. seeking 18. that 19. however 20. have demonstrated 21. were asked 22. What 23. are engaged 24. where 25. What 26. a Section C (10分) 27. H 28. J 29. B 30. E 31. K 32. F 33. I 34. G 35. D 36. C II. Section A (15分) 37. B 38. B 39. A 40. B 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. B 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. C 51. D 52. A Section B (22分) 53. B 54. A 55. C 56. C 57. B 58. C 59. B 60. B 61. C 62. B 63. C 64. C 65. B Section C (8分) 66. E 67. A 68. B 69. F III. Summary Writing (10分) Sample Answer: Society favors extroverts, causing introverts to hide their natural tendencies at great personal cost. However, introverted leaders often outperform extroverts, especially with proactive teams. While workplaces are gradually adapting, the ideal is not to favor either personality type but to create environments where both introverts and extroverts can contribute their unique strengths. 第II卷 I. Spelling (5分) 71. restoration 72. simultaneous 73. permanent 74. distinguish 75. subtle 76. announcement 77. integrate 78. global 79. regular 80. balance II. Recitation (6分) 81. poverty 82. hardship 83. lonely 84. future 85. attention 86. scrolling 87. mindlessly III. Phrases (6分) 88. account for 89. In response to 90. regardless of 91. compensate for 92. on behalf of 93. interfere with IV. Translation (15分) 94. The international conference on space debris will be held next week, where scientists from more than twenty countries will share their latest research findings. 95. The tremendous success of the young writer's first novel came as a surprise to everyone, considering that he only started writing seriously three years ago. 96. Despite strong opposition from the traditional energy industry, the country is unswervingly advancing its renewable energy plan, striving to achieve carbon peak by 2030. 97. This smartphone application can monitor users' sleep quality in real time and provide personalized suggestions, as if it understands their physical needs better than they do themselves. V. Guided Writing (15%) Sample Answer: Dear Tom, I'm sorry to hear about your situation, but please don't be too hard on yourself. Many young people face similar struggles with phone addiction, and recognizing the problem is already the first step toward solving it. Excessive gaming can harm your health, reduce study efficiency, and strain relationships with family and friends. More importantly, it steals time that could be spent on meaningful activities like reading, exercising, or developing real skills. Here are some practical suggestions. First, set a daily time limit for game usage using your phone's built-in timer. Start with two hours and gradually reduce it. Second, replace gaming with other hobbies you enjoy, such as playing basketball or learning an instrument. When you find joy elsewhere, the phone becomes less attractive. Remember, the goal isn't to quit completely but to gain control. You can do this! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $