专题02 选词填空（期末真题汇编，上海专用）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 上海多所重点中学高二下期末选词填空汇编，涵盖人与社会（埃及文明展、体育精神）、人与自我（职业规划、数字孪生）、人与自然（气候变化、生物灭绝）三大主题，12篇语篇均选自真实情境素材，融合文化传承与时代热点，适配高二期末词汇与思维能力检测。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |选词填空|12篇120题|动词（staged/underscored）、名词（context/habitats）、形容词（immersive/flexible）等核心词汇，主题含文化交流、职业发展、生态保护|情境真实（如端午节驱五毒习俗、数字孪生技术），注重思维层次（如职业规划中传统与创新的辩证），匹配高考“主题引领”命题趋势，来源为格致中学、建平中学等名校期末真题|

专题02 选词填空 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·上海市黄浦区格致中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following paragraphs by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．soil     B．practices     C． underscored     D．order E. themed     F. staged      G. anticipating     H. immersive I. boasts     J. solidifying     K. context Shanghai Unveils Pharaohs’ Glory The Shanghai Museum transformed into a gateway to the Nile Valley today as the monumental exhibition, “Top of the Pyramid: Ancient Egyptian Civilization”, officially opened its doors. Praised as the largest and most significant display of Egyptian antiquities ever 1 in China, the exhibition promises an unprecedented journey through 4,000 years of Pharaonic splendor, diplomacy, and enduring mystery. The grand opening ceremony resonated with a sense of historic occasion. Dignitaries, including high-level representatives from Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and Chinese cultural leaders, 2 the exhibition’s role as a peak of Sino-Egyptian cultural exchange. The presence of artifacts, many leaving Egyptian 3 for the first time, granted the event profound significance. The exhibition 4 a stunning 788 carefully selected artifacts sourced directly from seven premier Egyptian institutions. This collection transcends the typical; it features national treasures of the highest 5 . These masterpieces of ancient artistry, rarely seen outside Egypt offer an intimate glimpse into royal burial 6 and beliefs in the afterlife. “This exhibition represents far more than a display of antiquities.” stated Dr. Ahmed El-Damaty, a senior advisor from the Egyptian delegation, during the opening. “It is a profound dialogue between two of the world’s oldest continuous civilizations.” The exhibition is widely seen as a major soft power initiative, strengthening cultural ties between Egypt and China, particularly within the 7 of the Belt and Road framework. Anticipation in Shanghai has been building for months. “Egyptomania” is tangible, with 8 events, lectures, and merchandise appearing across the city. The Shanghai Museum has prepared extensively, creating 9 environments with dramatic lighting, contextual projections, and replicas of tomb interiors to enhance the visitor experience while ensuring state-of-the-art security and climate control for the priceless artifacts. “Top of the Pyramid” is not just an exhibition; it’s a monumental cultural event, placing the pinnacle of ancient Egyptian achievement firmly within reach of the Chinese public and 10 Shanghai’s status as a global hub for world-class cultural exchange. 【答案】 1．F 2．C 3．A 4．I 5．D 6．B 7．K 8．E 9．H 10．J 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主题是：上海博物馆举办大型古埃及文明主题展，展现中埃文化交流成果，凸显其作为国际文化枢纽的地位。 1．考查动词。句意：该展览被誉为中国有史以来举办过的规模最大、意义最重大的埃及文物展览，它承诺将带来一场前所未有的旅程，穿越 4000 年的法老辉煌、外交史和不朽谜团。空格处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，根据空前“display of Egyptian antiquities”可知，此处指“展览被举办”，应用动词stage“举行，举办”，且display与stage之间为被动关系，需用过去分词形式staged。故选F项。 2．考查动词。句意：包括埃及旅游和文物部高级代表和中国文化界领袖在内的政要们强调了此次展览是中埃文化交流的巅峰之作。空格处应填谓语动词，且根据前文“The grand opening ceremony resonated with a sense of historic occasion.”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以应填动词的过去式，结合句意可知，此处指“强调展览的作用”，underscored“强调”为动词的过去式，符合句意。故选C项。 3．考查名词。句意：许多文物首次离开埃及的土地，使这一活动具有深远的意义。空格处应填名词作宾语，此处指“离开埃及的土地”，名词soil“土地”符合句意。故选A项。 4．考查动词。句意：该展览展出了788件直接来自埃及七家顶级机构的精心挑选的文物。空格处应填谓语动词，且根据语境可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为单数名词，所以应填动词的第三人称单数形式，boasts“拥有，展出”为动词的第三人称单数形式，符合句意。故选I项。 5．考查名词。句意：这批藏品超越了常规；它拥有最高级别的国宝。空格处应填名词作宾语，此处指“最高等级”，名词order“级别，顺序”符合句意。故选D项。 6．考查名词。句意：这些在埃及境外罕见的古代艺术杰作，让人得以一窥王室的埋葬习俗和对来世的信仰。空格处应填名词作宾语，此处指“皇家丧葬习俗”，practices“习俗”为名词的复数形式，符合句意。故选B项。 7．考查名词。句意：该展览被广泛视为一项重大的软实力举措，加强了埃及和中国之间的文化联系，特别是在“一带一路”框架的背景下。空格处应填名词作介词within的宾语，根据空后“of the Belt and Road framework”可知，此处指“在……背景下”，名词context“背景”符合句意。故选K项。 8．考查形容词。句意：“埃及热”是显而易见的，全市范围内涌现出以埃及为主题的活动、讲座和商品。空格处应填形容词作定语修饰名词events，此处指“以埃及为主题的活动”，形容词themed“以……为主题的”符合句意。故选E项。 9．考查形容词。句意：上海博物馆做了充分的准备，创造了沉浸式的环境，有戏剧性的灯光、情境投影和墓室内部的复制品，以增强游客的体验，同时确保为无价文物提供最先进的安全和气候控制。空格处应填形容词作定语修饰名词environments，此处指“沉浸式的环境”，形容词immersive“沉浸式的”符合句意。故选H项。 10．考查动词。句意：“金字塔之巅”不仅仅是一个展览；它是一项重大的文化活动，将古埃及成就的巅峰牢牢地置于中国公众的视野中，并巩固了上海作为世界级文化交流全球枢纽的地位。空格处应填非谓语动词与placing并列，且和主语it之间为主动关系，所以应填现在分词形式，此处指“巩固了上海的地位”，solidifying“巩固”为动词的现在分词形式，符合句意。故选J项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市建平中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．channel    B．featuring    C figure    D hanging    E. initially    F. oral G. ritually    H. scare    I. surge    J. troubled    K. worn Keeping the Five Venoms at Bay In China, people refer to the fifth lunar month as the “month of poison,” since the warmer, wetter climate brings a 11 in creatures thought to be venomous (有毒的). During the Dragon Boat Festival, people traditionally ward off the “five venoms” — snakes, scorpions, centipedes, geckos, and toads — though some are actually harmless. These venomous creatures have long 12 the Chinese, who have imagined them as evil spirits. Then various remedies have been developed. For instance, many people hang the herb on their doors to prevent them from entering. Some even weave the Chinese mugwort (艾草) into a human or tiger 13 for better effect. Additionally, 14 ones, such as adding realgar (雄黄), a type of mineral, to alcohol to create realgar wine, have been used a part of Traditional Chinese Medicine to get rid of poisons. Apart from herbs, people also rely on symbolic items for protection. One example is the use of five-colored threads (五彩绳), 15 to prevent disease. Legend holds that after the poet Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo River, people made zongzi and threw them into the water as offerings to him. To 16 off the dragons in the river that night eat the offerings, people used the five-colored threads to wrap up the zongzi. Children also wear clothes or shoes 17 patterns of the “five venoms” to get away from them. In addition, ancient Chinese people believed in the magical power of talismans (符). Red paper bearing the “five venoms” would be pinned to walls and pierced with needles. This was believed to 18 kill the venoms and prevent them from making their presence felt. Today, some of these ancient customs of driving away the “five venoms” remain alive in Chinese culture. Even in cities, you can see people with mugwort 19 in front of their homes. From a modern perspective, these traditions 20 ancient wisdom into modern practices. 【答案】 11．I 12．J 13．C 14．F 15．K 16．H 17．B 18．G 19．D 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国传统习俗中端午节驱“五毒”的由来及相关做法，包括使用草药、象征物品和符咒等，展现了古代智慧在现代的延续。 11．考查名词。句意：在中国，人们把农历五月称为“毒月”，因为温暖潮湿的气候会导致被认为有毒的生物激增。分析句子可知，空格处需填入名词作宾语，根据上文的“the warmer, wetter climate”可知，温暖潮湿的气候会导致有毒生物“激增”，surge意为“激增；猛增”，指生物数量因气候原因增多，符合“毒月”的语境。故选I项。 12．考查动词。句意：这些有毒生物长期以来困扰着中国人，他们将其想象成恶灵。分析句子结构，空格处需填入动词作谓语，根据下文的“who have imagined them as evil spirits.”可知，恶灵应该给人带来困扰，troubled意为“困扰；使忧虑”，与“imagined as evil spirits”呼应，体现古人对五毒的恐惧。故选J项。 13．考查名词。句意：有些人甚至把艾草编织成人体或老虎的形状，以达到更好的效果。分析句子可知，空格处需填入名词作宾语，根据常识和上文的“Some even weave the Chinese mugwort (艾草) into a human or tiger”可知，此处指的是编织成人形，figure意为“形状；形象”，human or tiger figure表示“人形或虎形”，符合编织艾草的做法。故选C项。 14．考查形容词。句意：此外，口服疗法，如将雄黄（一种矿物）加入酒中制成雄黄酒，已被用作中药的一部分来排毒。分析句子可知，空格处需填入形容词修饰ones，根据下文的“adding realgar (雄黄), a type of mineral, to alcohol to create realgar wine”可知，此处指的是口服的药物，oral意为“口服的”，oral ones指代“口服的药物”，与“加入酒中”的做法对应。故选F项。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：一个例子是使用五彩绳，传统上用于预防疾病。分析句子结构，空格处需填入非谓语动词作定语，根据上文的“One example is the use of five-colored threads (五彩绳)”可知，此处指的是“穿戴”相关的话题，逻辑主语是“five-colored threads”，worn意为“穿戴的”，此处指五彩绳“被佩戴”以辟邪，过去分词表被动。故选K项。 16．考查动词。句意：为了吓跑当晚河里想吃祭品的龙，人们用五彩绳包裹粽子。分析句子可知，空格处需填入动词，根据上文的“people made zongzi and threw them into the water as offerings to him.”可知，人们往水里扔粽子是为了吓跑龙，scare off为固定搭配，意为“避开；吓跑”，“throw zongzi into water”的行为呼应，体现驱邪目的。故选H项。 17．考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们还会穿带有“五毒”图案的衣服或鞋子来躲避它们。分析句子结构，空格处需填入非谓语动词作定语，根据下文的“patterns of the “five venoms” to get away from them.”可知，此处表示穿戴的服装的特征，其逻辑主语是“clothes or shoes”，featuring意为“以……为特色；带有”，现在分词表主动，指衣物上“有五毒图案”。故选B项。 18．考查副词。句意：这被认为能仪式性地杀死毒物，防止它们出现。分析句子可知，空格处需填入副词修饰动词kill，根据上文“Red paper bearing the “five venoms” would be pinned to walls and pierced with needles.”可知，这是人们为辟邪所举行的仪式，ritually意为“仪式上地”，与“pin red paper and pierce with needles”的仪式行为对应，体现传统做法的象征性。故选G项。 19．考查非谓语动词。句意：即使在城市里，你也能看到人们把艾草挂在家门口。分析句子结构，空格处需填入非谓语动词作宾补，根据下文的“in front of their homes.”可知，艾草应是挂在门前，其逻辑主语是“mugwort”，hanging意为“悬挂”，现在分词表状态，指艾草“被挂在门前”的状态。故选D项。 20．考查动词。句意：从现代的角度来看，这些传统将古代智慧转化为现代实践。分析句子可知，空格处需填入动词作谓语，根据下文的“into modern practices.”可知，此处指的是将古代智慧转化为现代实践，channel...into...为固定搭配，意为“将……导入/转化为”，符合“传统智慧延续到现代”的语境。故选A项。 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市敬业中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.Note that there one word more than you need. A．avoid       B．diligent      C． flexible     D．guidance      E. imagination F. independent G. initiative  H. prospects     I. pursue       J. ruin          K. unrealistic Why don’t you get a proper job? Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious. They are optimistic about their 21 , but their career ideas are rather vague. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is boring but pays the bills. Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to 22 traditionally female careers such as nursing. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. But the world has changed. The global economy is not kind to yesterday’s 23 and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the 24 . This means that a 14-year-old who sees her working future as a kind of adventure, to be made up as she goes along, is not necessarily being 25 . However, she has to have the training and 26 to help her develop the right skills for today’s market; not the rigid (死板的) preparation for a workplace that disappeared 20 years ago. So what is to be done? A good first step would be to change the way in which schools prepare young people for adult life. The education system is becoming less 27 and more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills at just the time that the employment market is going in the opposite direction. Accurate, up-to-date information on new jobs and qualifications can help guidance counsellors to help their students. Young people need solid information on the sort of training they need to 28 the career of their dreams. Also, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes. Once we’ve done that, it’s easier to see how important it is that they learn how to be 29 and resourceful. Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, 30 is a terrible thing to waste. 【答案】 21．H 22．A 23．B 24．G 25．K 26．D 27．C 28．I 29．F 30．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何帮助青少年在当今快速变化的就业市场中找到自己的定位，发展适合市场的技能，并鼓励他们勇敢地追求自己的梦想。 21．考查名词。句意：他们对自己的前景很乐观，但他们的职业理想却相当模糊。由上文“Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious”可知，句子表示“他们对自己的前景很乐观”，空格处意为“前景”，是prospect，要用复数，故选H。 22．考查不定式。句意：近一半的受访男孩希望他们的爱好能让他们找到合适的工作，而大多数女孩似乎决心避免从事护士等传统的女性职业。由上文“Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to”可知，句子表示“近一半的受访男孩希望他们的爱好能让他们找到合适的工作，而大多数女孩似乎决心避免从事护士等传统的女性职业”，空格处意为“避免”，是avoid，be determined to do是固定短语，意为“下定决心做某事”，因此空格处用动词原形，故选A。 23．考查形容词。句意：全球经济对昔日勤奋可靠的工人并不友好。由下文“The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious”可知，句子表示“全球经济对昔日勤奋可靠的工人并不友好”，空格处意为“勤奋的”，是diligent，故选B。 24．考查名词。句意：未来属于思维敏捷、足智多谋、雄心勃勃、能采取主动的人。由上文“resourceful, ambitious”可知，句子表示“未来属于思维敏捷，能采取主动的人”，空格处意为“主动性，积极性”，用名词作宾语，是initiative，take the initiative是固定短语，意为“采取主动”，故选G。 25．考查形容词。句意：这意味着，一个14岁的女孩把自己的工作未来视为一种冒险，可以随着她的发展而改变，这并不一定是不现实的。由上文“The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the __4__”可知，句子表示“一个14岁的女孩把自己的工作未来视为一种冒险，可以随着她的发展而改变，这并不一定是不现实的”，空格处意为“不现实的”，是unrealistic，故选K。 26．考查名词。句意：然而，她必须接受培训和指导，以帮助她发展适合当今市场的技能;而不是20年前消失的那种死板的职场准备。由上文“she has to have the training and”和下文“to help her develop the right skills for today’s market”可知，句子表示“她必须接受培训和指导”，空格处意为“指导”，是guidance，是不可数名词，故选D。 27．考查形容词。句意：教育体系正变得越来越不灵活，越来越注重传统技能，而与此同时，就业市场正朝着相反的方向发展。由下文“more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills”可知，句子表示“教育体系正变得越来越不灵活”，空格处意为“灵活的”，是flexible，故选C。 28．考查不定式。句意：年轻人需要关于他们追求梦想的职业所需的培训的可靠信息。由下文“the career of their dreams”可知，句子表示“年轻人需要关于他们追求梦想的职业所需的培训的可靠信息”，空格处意为“追求”，是pursue，空格处用不定式表目的，故选I。 29．考查形容词。句意：一旦我们做到了这一点，就更容易看出他们学会如何独立和足智多谋是多么重要。由上文“The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes”可知，句子表示“他们学会如何独立”，空格处意为“独立的”，是independent，故选F。 30．考查名词。句意：在一个几乎不向任何人提供经济保障的世界里，浪费想象力是一件可怕的事情。由上文“Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now”可知，句子表示“浪费想象力是一件可怕的事情”，空格处意为“想象力”，是imagination，是不可数名词，故选E。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市宜川中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．finances    B．continued    C． decline    D．addressing    E. pressured F. unneedy    G. giving    H. charges    I. reminder    J. skipping    K. cause How to Check Out a Charity Before You Donate You hear the words “childhood disease” or “natural disaster,” and it can be hard to say no to donation requests for help. But your instinct to be generous should always be tempered with a healthy dose of doubt. The recent crackdown launched by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) on four cancer charities is a good 31 to make sure your donations are put to good use. So, how can you make sure that the money you give doesn’t end up lining the pockets of the 32 ? Follow these tips. Hang up on telemarketers. The cancer charities charged with fraud (欺诈) by the FTC used telemarketing calls to raise donations. If you get a call from a group asking for money, you might feel 33 to make a donation on the spot. But the FTC cautions that you shouldn’t rush to say yes but 34 any requests to give over the phone. Telemarketing companies often keep a significant portion of the funds they raise. You’re better off 35 the middleman and contacting a charity directly to make a donation. Don’t wait for charities to come to you. To avoid feeling the pressure to give to an organization that reaches out to you, figure out what 36 is important to you. Then find charities that are 37 it. You can browse charities that have been evaluated by Charity Navigator by category to identify groups you want to support. Having a(n) 38 plan will make it easier to avoid making impulse donations. Research before you give. The FTC 39 against the four cancer charities show that just because an organization claims to do good doesn’t mean it actually does. That’s why it’s important to find out as much as you can about how an organization will use your donation before you give. You can start with third-party evaluations and ratings at sites such as Charity Navigator and Chariy Watch, which examine charities’ 40 governance and effectiveness. 【答案】 31．I 32．F 33．E 34．C 35．J 36．K 37．D 38．G 39．H 40．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何在捐赠前检查慈善机构。 31．考查名词。句意：联邦贸易委员会（FTC）近期对四家癌症慈善机构的整顿行动，是一个很好的警示，提醒大家要确保自己的捐款能够得到有效利用。根据下文“to make sure your donations are put to good use”以及句意“提醒”可知用单数名词reminder，作表语，故选I。 32．考查形容词。句意：那么，你怎样才能确保你捐出的钱不会落入那些不需要的人的口袋呢？根据上文“how can you make sure that the money you give doesn’t end up lining the pockets of the ”可知，此处表示“不需要的”，应用形容词unneedy，与the联用，表示一类人。故选F。 33．考查形容词。句意：如果你接到一个要钱的团体打来的电话，你可能会感到有压力，不得不当场捐款。根据下文“to make a donation on the spot”可知，此处表示“感到有压力的”，应用形容词pressured，作表语。故选E。 34．考查动词。句意：但联邦贸易委员会警告说，你不应该急于答应，但拒绝任何通过电话提供的请求。根据上文“you shouldn’t rush to say yes”可知，此处表示“拒绝”，应用decline，与say并列，应用动词原形。故选C。 35．考查动词。句意：你最好跳过中间商，直接联系慈善机构进行捐赠。根据下文“the middleman and contacting a charity directly to make a donation”可知，此处表示“跳过”，应用动词skip，固定搭配be better off doing sth.“做某事较好”。故选J。 36．考查名词。句意：为了避免给一个与你联系的组织带来压力，找出对你来说重要的原因。根据句意可知，此处表示“原因”，应用名词cause。故选K。 37．考查动词。句意：然后找到解决这个问题的慈善机构。根据句意可知，此处表示“解决”，应用动词address，与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，与are构成现在进行时。故选D。 38．考查名词。句意：有一个捐赠计划会让你更容易避免冲动捐赠。根据句意可知，此处表示“捐赠”，应用名词giving，修饰名词plan，作定语。故选G。 39．考查名词。句意：联邦贸易委员会对四家癌症慈善机构的指控表明，仅仅因为一个组织声称做好事并不意味着它真的在做好事。根据句意可知，此处表示“指控”，应用名词charge，由空后against the four cancer charities可知，指控大于一，应用名词复数形式。故选H。 40．考查名词。句意：你可以从慈善导航员和慈善观察等网站上的第三方评估和评级开始，这些网站会检查慈善机构的财务、管理和效率。根据句意可知，此处表示“财务”，应用名词finance，表示财务情况时，常用复数形式。故选A。 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市曹杨中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．unrecognized B．consequently C．fiction D．advanced E．historically F．understanding G．identify H．picture I．unaffected J．long-standing K．breakthroughs A New Dark Age Possibility Imagine a future in which humanity’s wisdom about Earth — our vast experience with weather trends, fish migration patterns and much more — turns out-of-date. Civilization enters a dark age in its 41 of our planet. To comprehend, how this could occur, 42 yourself in our grandchildren’s time. Significant global warming has occurred, as scientists predicted. Nature’s 43 patterns — relied on for millennia by humanity to plan everything — are no longer so reliable. Cycles that have been largely repeatable are disrupted (打乱) by dramatic climate changes. As Earth’s warming becomes stable, new patterns begin to appear. At first, they are hard to 44 These new patterns need many years — sometimes decades — to reveal themselves fully. Until then, farmers will struggle to predict new seasonal patterns and regularly plant wrong crops. Early signs of major disasters will go 45 . Disruptive impacts will be widespread. Such a dark age is a growing possibility. In a recent report, scientists concluded that human-caused global warming was already changing patterns of some extreme weather events. Our foundation of Earth knowledge, largely obtained from 46 observed patterns, has been central to society’s progress. Early cultures kept track of nature’s ebb and flow (起伏盛衰), passing improved knowledge about Earth to each new generation. Science has sped up this process through 47 observation methods. However, as Earth warms, our historical understanding will turn out-of-date faster than we can replace it with new knowledge. Some patterns will change significantly; others will be largely 48 though it will be difficult to say what will change, by how much, and when. Without big scientific 49 , we will remain reliant on pattern-based methods. The problem is, these patterns will become increasingly difficult to track. Predicting extreme weather may become even tougher than it is today. We 50 will face huge challenges. Our grandchildren could grow up knowing less about the planet than we do today. This is not what we want to leave them, yet we are on the edge of ensuring this happens. 【答案】 41．F 42．H 43．J 44．G 45．A 46．E 47．D 48．I 49．K 50．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了全球变暖可能导致人类对地球的认知陷入“新黑暗时代”的风险：气候模式的改变会使传统知识过时，若缺乏科学突破，人类将难以适应新变化，面临巨大挑战。 41．考查名词。句意：文明在对我们星球的理解上进入了一个黑暗时代。根据上文“humanity’s wisdom about Earth — our vast experience with weather trends, fish migration patterns and much more(人类对地球的智慧——我们对天气趋势、鱼类迁徙模式等的丰富经验)”可知，此处指对地球的理解进入黑暗时代，空处应用名词understanding，表示“理解”，作介词in的宾语。故选F。 42．考查动词。句意：为了理解这是如何发生的，想象一下自己身处孙辈的时代。分析句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，空处应用动词原形，结合“身处孙辈时代”的语境可知，此处应用picture表示“想象”。故选H。 43．考查形容词。句意：人类数千年来赖以规划一切的自然长期模式不再那么可靠。根据下文“relied on for millennia(依赖了几千年)”可知，此处指自然长期模式不再可靠，空处应用形容词long-standing，表示“长期的”，修饰名词patterns。故选J。 44．考查动词。句意：起初，它们很难识别。根据下文“These new patterns need many years — sometimes decades — to reveal themselves fully.”可知，新的模式需要很多年才能完全显现，所以起初很难识别，空处应用动词identify，表示“识别”，且空前有不定式符号to，所以空处用动词原形。故选G。 45．考查形容词。句意：重大灾难的早期迹象将不被注意。根据上文“These new patterns need many years — sometimes decades — to reveal themselves fully. Until then, farmers will struggle to predict new seasonal patterns and regularly plant wrong crops.(这些新的模式需要很多年——有时是几十年——才能完全显露出来。在此之前，农民将难以预测新的季节模式，并经常种植错误的作物)”可知，此处指重大灾难的早期迹象将不被注意，“go + 形容词”表示状态，空处应用形容词unrecognized，表示“未被注意的”，作表语。故选A。 46．考查副词。句意：我们对地球知识的基础，主要来自于对历史上观察到的模式的理解，一直是社会进步的核心。根据下文“Early cultures kept track of nature’s ebb and flow (起伏盛衰), passing improved knowledge about Earth to each new generation.(早期的文化记录着自然的起伏盛衰，将对地球的认识传给每一代新人)”可知，此处指对历史上观察到的模式的理解，空处应用副词historically，表示“历史上地”，修饰动词observed。故选E。 47．考查形容词。句意：科学通过先进的观察方法加速了这一过程。根据“Science has sped up this process”可知，此处指先进的观察方法加速了这一过程，空处应用形容词advanced，表示“先进的”，修饰名词observation methods。故选D。 48．考查形容词。句意：一些模式将发生重大变化；而其他模式将基本不受影响，尽管很难说哪些会改变，改变多少，以及何时改变。此处和上文“Some patterns will change significantly”形成对比，故指其他模式将基本不受影响，空处应用形容词unaffected，表示“不受影响的”，作表语。故选I。 49．考查名词。句意：如果没有重大的科学突破，我们将继续依赖基于模式的方法。根据“we will remain reliant on pattern-based methods”可知，此处指如果没有重大的科学突破，空处应用名词breakthroughs，表示“突破”，作介词without的宾语。故选K。 50．考查副词。句意：我们因此将面临巨大的挑战。根据上文“we will remain reliant on pattern-based methods”和“The problem is, these patterns will become increasingly difficult to track. Predicting extreme weather may become even tougher than it is today.(问题是，这些模式将变得越来越难以追踪。预测极端天气可能会比现在更加困难)”可知，此处指无疑将面临巨大的挑战，应用副词consequently，表示“因此，无疑地”，来表示一种因果关系。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市徐汇区南洋中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．survived   B．interaction   C． shrinking   D．lessons    E. evidence   F. habitats G. ultimately   H. temporarily   I. extinction   J. factor    K. existing New research reveals that some of South America’s largest prehistoric animals, including saber toothed cats and giant sloths (树懒) weighing over 4 tons, survived much longer than scientists previously believed — some until just 3,500 years ago. This discovery challenges 51 theories about what caused their extinction. For decades, researchers thought these “megafauna” (大型动物) died out around 11,700 years ago, when Earth’s climate warmed (the start of the Holocene period), and humans spread across the Americas. However, a Brazilian research team has found 52 that many species persisted for thousands of years after human arrival. Using radiocarbon dating on fossils from eight species, including the massive sloth Eremotherium laurillardi and saber-toothed cat Smilodon popular, scientists discovered most 53 until 6,000-8,000 years ago. Two species — a giant llama (美洲驼) (Palaeolama major) and a camel-like creature (Xenorhinotherium bahiense) — lasted until 3,500 years ago, making them the continent’s last surviving megafauna. The team argues that environmental changes, not human hunting, were the main cause of 54 . As the Holocene (全新世) climate transformed South America’s landscapes — 55 grasslands and expanding forests — these large animals lost their 56 . “While humans may have contributed, habitat loss was the primary 57 ,” says lead researcher Fábio Cortes. Other experts disagree. Jens-Christian Svenning suggests growing human populations 58 caused the extinctions, though he acknowledges climate played a role. Suresh Singh notes the complex 59 between human activity and environmental change likely sealed the megafauna’s fate. This debate continues as scientists re-examine why Earth’s largest creatures disappeared — with important 60 for modern conservation efforts. 【答案】 51．K 52．E 53．A 54．I 55．C 56．F 57．J 58．G 59．B 60．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了南美大型史前动物灭绝时间及原因的新研究引发争议，对现代保护工作有启示。 51．考查形容词。句意：这一发现挑战了关于它们灭绝原因的现有理论。根据空后的theories可知，空处需用形容词修饰名词，existing“现有的”符合句意，指现有的理论。故选K。 52．考查名词。句意：然而，一个巴西研究团队发现了证据，表明许多物种在人类到来后又持续了数千年。根据空前的found可知，空处应填名词作宾语，结合下文“that many species persisted for thousands of years after human arrival.”可知evidence“证据”符合句意，指发现了物种持续存在的证据。故选E。 53．考查动词。句意：科学家们通过对包括巨大的树懒Eremotherium laurillardi和剑齿虎Smilodon popular在内的8个物种的化石进行放射性碳年代测定，发现大多数物种存活到6000 - 8000年前。根据句意及空前的discovered可知，空处应用动词survived“存活”，作宾语从句的谓语，表示“发现大多数物种存活到……”。故选A。 54．考查名词。句意：研究小组认为，环境变化，而不是人类狩猎，是灭绝的主要原因。根据空前的“the main cause of”可知，空处应填名词，extinction“灭绝”符合句意，指环境变化是灭绝的主因。故选I。 55．考查动词。句意：随着全新世的气候改变了南美洲的景观——草原缩小，森林扩大——这些大型动物失去了它们的栖息地。根据空后的grasslands and expanding forests可知，空处需用现在分词作伴随状语，shrinking“缩小”符合句意，描述草原的变化。故选C。 56．考查名词。句意：随着全新世的气候改变了南美洲的景观——草原缩小，森林扩大——这些大型动物失去了它们的栖息地。根据句意及空前的形容词性物主代词their可知，空处应用名词habitats“栖息地”，作lost的宾语，表示“失去了它们的栖息地”。故选F。 57．考查名词。句意：“虽然人类可能也促成了这一结果，但栖息地丧失是主要因素，”首席研究员法比奥·科尔特斯说。根据句意及空前的形容词primary可知，空处应用名词factor“因素”，作表语，表示“栖息地丧失是主要因素”。故选J。 58．考查副词。句意：延斯-克里斯蒂安·斯文宁表示，不断增长的人口最终导致了灭绝，尽管他承认气候也起到了一定作用。根据句意及空后的动词caused可知，空处应用副词ultimately“最终”，修饰动词caused，表示“最终导致了灭绝”。故选G。 59．考查名词。句意：苏雷什·辛格指出，人类活动与环境变化之间的复杂相互作用可能决定了这些大型动物的命运。根据句意及空前的形容词complex可知，空处应用名词interaction“相互作用”，作notes的宾语从句的主语，指两者之间的相互影响。故选B。 60．考查名词。句意：随着科学家们重新审视地球最大生物消失的原因，这场辩论仍在继续 —— 这对现代保护工作有着重要的教训。根据空前的important可知，空处应填名词，lessons“教训”符合句意，指对保护工作有借鉴意义。故选D。 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市浦东新区东昌中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．vulnerability   B．motivation   C． undergoing   D．integrity   E. rejected F. upsetting   G. extend   H. invade   I. justified   J. contributing   K. arisen Sportsmanship Isn’t Just for Athletes Sportsmanship is defined as fair, generous and polite behaviour or treatment of others, especially in sports. At its heart, it reflects a commitment to fair play and goodwill toward an opponent. But this spirit should not be restricted to the sporting stadium. It should 61 to everyone involved, especially those watching and cheering from the stands. In recent years, the idolization (崇拜)of athletes has 62 dramatically among young people in China. However, some fans have gone too far, 63 to the “fan circle” culture. This fanatical support creates an ugly, competitively unfair environment, damaging the spirit of sportsmanship. A clear example was seen at the recent table tennis Asian Cup, where some fans even 64 shouting abusively at the opponent of the athlete they supported. Sports are meant to promote unity and inspiration, not hostility or personal attacks. What’s worse, athletes are 65 wild treatment beyond stadiums and courts as well. Some fans follow athletes through airports, crowd them at hotels, and ignore their privacy entirely. This not only creates safety risks but also causes genuine emotional 66 . Online, things can get even uglier, with some fans attacking rival athletes and their supporters. These fans are missing the point. Rather than fixate on rivalry or 67 their lives, we should celebrate the qualities that make athletes great. They go through hard training, endure 68 injuries, and make countless sacrifices to achieve their dreams. What is truly inspiring is not their fame but their dedication, resilience and discipline. True champions display respect for opponents, handle victories with humility, and accept defeat with grace. For example, tennis legend Roger Federer is beloved not just for his exceptional skills but also for his 69 on and off the court. Chinese athletes, like Ma Long, have also set examples by showing deep respect for their competitors. Their conduct reminds us that we can love the competition itself, cheering for our athletes with pride. All these values including the hard work behind the glory, and the respect transcending (超越) rivalry are the very essence of true sportsmanship. Athletes’ journeys remind us that success is built through effort, setbacks and determination. By celebrating their character, not just victories, we can transform admiration into 70 , not obsession. 【答案】 61．G 62．K 63．J 64．I 65．C 66．A 67．H 68．F 69．D 70．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，探讨体育精神应延伸至所有人，批判饭圈不良现象，倡导正确崇拜观。 61．考查动词。句意：但这种精神不应局限于体育场，它应该延伸到所有相关的人。分析句子结构，空格处需填入动词原形与should搭配，且能与to构成短语。结合上文的“But this spirit should not be restricted to the sporting stadium.”可知，此处指的是体育精神延伸，符合语境，extend意为“延伸”，extend to表示“延伸至”。故选G项。 62．考查动词。句意：近年来，中国年轻人对运动员的崇拜急剧增加。句子时态为现在完成时，空格处需填入过去分词，根据常识和上文的“the idolization (崇拜)of athletes”可知，此处指的是对运动员的崇拜增加，arisen（arise的过去分词）意为“出现，产生”，“has arisen dramatically”表示“显著出现”，准确描述了崇拜现象的发展。故选K项。 63．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，一些粉丝做得太过火，促成了“饭圈”文化。空格处需填入现在分词作结果状语，根据上文的“some fans have gone too far”可知，粉丝做的过火，应该“促成”饭圈文化，contributing to意为“导致，促成”，符合“粉丝过度行为导致不良文化”的因果关系。故选J项。 64．考查动词。句意：在最近的乒乓球亚洲杯上，一些粉丝甚至认为辱骂他们支持的运动员的对手是合理的。空格处需填入动词过去式作谓语，且其后使用动名词作宾语，所以此处为justified意为“证明……合理”，此处用于负面语境，体现粉丝行为的失当。故选I项。 65．考查非谓语动词。句意：更糟糕的是，运动员在体育场和球场外也正遭受粗暴对待。空格处需填入现在分词与are构成现在进行时，结合下文的“wild treatment beyond stadiums and courts as well.”可知，此处指的是运动员们遭受粗暴对待，undergoing意为“经历，遭受”，与“wild treatment”搭配，描述运动员被骚扰的现状。故选C项。 66．考查名词。句意：这不仅造成安全风险，还会导致真正的情感伤害。空格处需填入名词作宾语，结合上文的“This not only creates safety risks”可知，此处表示与风险相关，vulnerability意为“脆弱，易受伤害”，“emotional vulnerability”表示“情感上的伤害”，与隐私被侵犯的影响一致。故选A项。 67．考查动词。句意：我们应该赞美让运动员变得伟大的品质，而不是专注于竞争或侵犯他们的生活。空格处需填入动词原形与fixate on并列，invade意为“入侵，侵犯”，invade their lives表示“侵犯他们的生活”，呼应前文粉丝跟踪、骚扰的行为。故选H项。 68．考查形容词。句意：他们经历艰苦训练，忍受令人苦恼的伤病。空格处需填入形容词修饰injuries，upsetting意为“令人苦恼的”，符合“运动员忍受伤痛”的语境。故选F项。 69．考查名词。句意：网球传奇人物罗杰·费德勒受人喜爱，不仅因为他卓越的球技，还因为他在球场内外的正直。空格处需填入名词，integrity意为“正直，诚实”，与“尊重对手、谦逊”等品质呼应，体现体育精神。故选D项。 70．考查名词。句意：通过赞美他们的品格，而不仅仅是胜利，我们可以将崇拜转化为动力，而不是痴迷。空格处需填入名词与obsession对比，motivation意为“动力”，“transform admiration into motivation”符合“积极转化崇拜”的语义。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市海华东师范大学附属进华中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Not e that there is one word more than you need. A．estimate     B．universally    C． evolved    D．adopted    E. converted F. extended    G. fascinate    H. incredible    I. superior   J. footprint   K. cheer Words, words, words We use hundreds, maybe even thousands of different words every day. Many of them have been part of our vocabulary since early childhood, but the words that 71 us are the other ones, the ones that didn’t even exit a few years ago. As the world changes, the vocabulary that people use moves on too. In fact, experts 72 that at least 4,000 new English words are coined every year. Have you ever stopped to wonder where they come from and why they have the meanings that they do? It's no surprise that some of the new words come from another language, but you would be amazed to find out that Modern English, which has 73 from Old English, has taken about 80% of its vocabulary from other sources: mostly from French and Latin, but also from an 74 350 other languages. Some of these loanwords are used because there is no existing word in English to cover the meaning. In Britain, people now eat Chinese dim sum and the Greek dish kleftiko, and blow a South African vuvuzela to 75 on a football team. Other words are 76 even when there’s an existing English alternative, because the foreign word sounds 77 or more clever and elegant in some way. People think Italian coffee tastes better than the coffee traditionally drunk in Britain, so they often use the Italian word americano to order a black coffee in a café. Whenever we switch on a computer or mobile, we do things that were unheard of a few decades ago. Sometimes, the new language that we need for technology evolves by giving new meanings to old words. Hack used to mean cut or kick and this usage carries on today. But as the Internet developed, the use of the word was 78 to the metaphorical meaning “access someone else’s computer illegally”. This new meaning is now so 79 accepted that no one today thinks of it as a metaphor. There are also new compounds of existing words, for example. cloud computing (computer resources delivered over the Internet) and digital 80 (the record left on the Internet of all your online so activity). And then there are those useful things, prefixes. Instead of receiving an old-fashioned card bought in a shop and sent in the mail, you might now receive an e-card bought in an e-shop and sent by email. 【答案】 71．G 72．A 73．C 74．H 75．K 76．D 77．I 78．F 79．B 80．J 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述现代英语每年新增约4000词，80% 源于外来语，还通过旧词新义、复合词等方式演变，数字相关词汇常见。 71．考查动词。 句意：我们每天使用数百甚至数千个不同的单词。其中许多从童年早期就已成为我们词汇的一部分，但令我们着迷的是那些甚至在几年前还不存在的其他单词。分析句子可知，此空应填动词，作从句的谓语，且时态为一般现在时，主语“the words”为复数，所以动词用原形。fascinate，表“使着迷”，符合语境。故选G。 72．考查动词。 句意：事实上，专家估计每年至少创造4000个新英语单词。分析句子可知，此空应填动词，作主句的谓语，时态为一般现在时，主语experts为复数，动词用原形。estimate，表“估计”，符合语境。故选A。 73．考查动词。 句意：不足为奇的是，一些新单词来自另一种语言，但你会惊讶地发现，由古英语演变而来的现代英语，约 80% 的词汇来自其他来源，主要来自法语和拉丁语，但也来自令人难以置信的350种其他语言。分析句子可知，此空应填动词的过去分词，与has构成现在完成时。evolved，表“演变”，evolve from，为固定短语，意为“从……演变而来”，符合语境。故选C。 74．考查形容词。 句意：不足为奇的是，一些新单词来自另一种语言，但你会惊讶地发现，由古英语演变而来的现代英语，约 80%的词汇来自其他来源，主要来自法语和拉丁语，但也来自令人难以置信的350种其他语言。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词，修饰“350 other languages”。incredible，表“难以置信的”，符合语境。故选H。 75．考查动词。 句意：在英国，人们现在吃中国的点心和希腊的克利夫提科菜，还会吹南非的呜呜祖拉来为足球队加油。分析句子可知，此空应填动词，“to do”不定式表目的。cheer，表“欢呼，加油”，cheer on，为固定短语，意为“为…… 加油”，符合语境。故选K。 76．考查动词。 句意：即使有现有的英语替代词，其他单词也会被采用，因为外来词在某种程度上听起来更优越或更聪明优雅。分析句子可知，此空应填动词的过去分词，与are构成被动语态。adopted，表“采用”，符合语境。故选D。 77．考查形容词比较级。 句意：即使有现有的英语替代词，其他单词也会被采用，因为外来词在某种程度上听起来更优越或更聪明优雅。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作表语，superior，表示“更优越的”，本身含有比较级意义，符合语境。故选I。 78．考查动词。 句意：但随着互联网的发展，这个词的使用被扩展到隐喻意义“非法访问他人的计算机”。分析句子可知，此空应填动词的过去分词，与“was”构成被动语态。extended，表“扩展”，符合语境。故选F。 79．考查副词。 句意：这个新含义现在被普遍接受，以至于今天没有人认为它是一个隐喻。分析句子可知，此空应填副词，修饰accepted。universally，表“普遍地”，符合语境。故选B。 80．考查名词。 句意：还有现有单词的新复合词，例如云计算（通过互联网提供的计算机资源）和数字足迹（你所有在线活动在互联网上留下的记录）。分析句子可知，此空应填名词，作digital的中心词。footprint，表“足迹”，digital footprint，为固定短语，意为“数字足迹”，符合语境。故选J。 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市大境中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．advanced   B．signs   C． fantasy   D．mysterious   E. shave   F. track   G. feed   H. link   I. predictions   J. updating   K. risky When visiting a doctor a few years from now, you can expect to be accompanied by a virtual version of yourself. This so-called digital twin will be a working model of your body that can be called onto a physician’s computer screen. Updated with your latest vital 81 , it will help the doctor make an accurate diagnosis. It also opens the door for medicines and procedures designed specifically for you, greatly increasing recovery rates. This might seem like 82 but the foundations are being laid. Researchers at Queen Mary University of London already use computer simulations (模拟) of the hearts of individual patients to evaluate different treatments for atrial fibrillation, a common disorder. It would be far too 83 to experiment this way on someone’s real heart. With other organs also being twinned by scientists, it seems likely they will eventually 84 up to form a virtual body. As our Science & Technology section reports, digital twins are starting to pop up everywhere. Among other things, they monitor the health of jet engines on airliners, keep 85 of Uber’s network of vehicles and copy Amazon’s extensive supply chain well enough for the online retailer to accurately forecast sales several years ahead. They are helping local authorities respond to the effects of flooding and letting carmakers 86 years off the development of new models by simulating test drives and crashes. Twins are also being developed to help manage factories, companies and entire cities. All this is being turbo-charged by recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI), which gives digital twins the ability to make 87 about their physical equivalents, and fine-tune themselves on new data. Digital twins began as basic computer models of physical objects and systems. As computers have become more powerful, twins have become more 88 . Complex design and modeling software means many physical objects take shape in the virtual world. Small sensors, capable of measuring all sorts of things, 89 twins with real-time data, ensuring that they mirror their physical equivalents. A Formula I racing car, for instance, may have more than 250 sensors 90 its digital twin during a grand race. The use of AI takes all this much further, allowing virtual models to become more sophisticated, and to both simulate and optimize activities in the real world. 【答案】 81．B 82．C 83．K 84．H 85．F 86．E 87．I 88．A 89．G 90．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了数字孪生技术的快速发展及其跨领域应用，从个性化医疗到工业制造和城市管理，指出人工智能的进步正推动虚拟模型实现对物理世界的精准模拟和优化。 【详解】81．考查名词。句意：它会根据你的最新生命体征进行更新，帮助医生做出准确诊断。空处作with的宾语，结合“it will help the doctor make an accurate diagnosis”可推知，B项signs“迹象，征兆”符合题意，固定搭配vital sign意为“生命体征”，表示“根据你的最新生命体征进行更新”。故选B。 82．考查名词。句意：这看起来可能像幻想，但基础已经奠定。空处作like的宾语，结合“but the foundations are being laid”可推知，C项fantasy“幻想”符合题意，表示“看起来可能像幻想”。故选C。 83．考查形容词。句意：在真实心脏上这样实验风险太大了。空处作表语，结合“to experiment this way on someone’s real heart”可推知，K项risky“有风险的，危险的”符合题意，表示“风险太大”。故选K。 84．考查动词。句意：随着其他器官也被科学家“孪生化”，它们最终可能会连接起来形成一个虚拟身体。空处和will构成谓语，结合“up to form a virtual body”可推知，H项link“连接”符合题意，表示“连接起来形成一个虚拟身体”。故选H。 85．考查名词。句意：除此之外，它们监测客机喷气发动机的健康状况，追踪优步的车辆网络，并复制亚马逊庞大的供应链，使在线零售商能够准确预测几年后的销售。空处作keep的宾语，结合“of Uber’s network of vehicles”可推知，F项track“足迹，踪迹”符合题意，固定短语keep track of意为“追踪”，表示“追踪优步的车辆网络”。故选F。 86．考查动词。句意：它们帮助地方政府应对洪水的影响，并让汽车制造商通过模拟试驾和碰撞测试将新车型的开发时间缩短数年。句中用let sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，结合“years off the development of new models”可推知，E项shave“削去”符合题意，固定短语shave… off意为“从……中削减”，表示“将新车型的开发时间缩短数年”。故选E。 87．考查名词。句意：人工智能的最新进展加速了这一切，使数字孪生能够对其物理等效物做出预测，并根据新数据自我微调。空处作make的宾语，结合“fine-tune themselves on new data”可推知，I项predictions“预测”符合题意，固定短语make predictions about意为“对……做预测”，表示“对其物理等效物做出预测”。故选I。 88．考查形容词。句意：随着计算机变得更强大，孪生体变得更先进。空处和more构成比较级，作表语，结合“As computers have become more powerful”可推知，A项advanced“先进的”符合题意，表示“变得更先进”。故选A。 89．考查动词。句意：能够测量各种事物的小型传感器为孪生体提供实时数据，确保它们反映其物理等效物。空处作谓语，结合“twins with real-time data”可推知，G项feed“供给，供应”符合题意，固定短语feed sth. with sth.意为“为……供应……”，表示“为孪生体提供实时数据”。故选G。 90．考查动词。句意：例如，一辆一级方程式赛车可能拥有250多个传感器在大型比赛期间为其数字孪生体更新数据。空处作宾语补足语，结合“more than 250 sensors”和“its digital twin”可推知，J项updating“更新”符合题意，表示“为其数字孪生体更新数据”。故选J。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市杨浦高级中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.   A．sense  B．dominate  C． ignore  D．emotional  E. trends  F. combined  G. motivation  H. bonding  I. associated  J. grateful  K. feature   Remember when ... Do you ever find yourself looking back on earlier times, remembering happy moments from the past? Nostalgia, the feeling 91 with remembering happiness in the past, is often described as bittersweet. It is bitter because you long for things that are no more but sweet as you enjoy remembering your past happiness. Some psychologists even distinguish positive nostalgia from negative nostalgia, depending on whether happy emotions or sad ones 92 a person’s experience.   In today’s culture, expressions of nostalgia are becoming common. People share old social media posts remembering the good old days. They buy products made years ago from secondhand stores and enjoy media that reminds them of their childhoods. Taking note of these 93 companies are offering products like those of earlier decades. Social media platforms offer filters that can make pictures look like old photographs. Some restaurants are even putting together menus that 94 some dishes from the 1970s. And the fact that people are buying all these products shows that those people want to experience nostalgia.   This desire for nostalgia makes a lot of 95 because this feeling has psychological benefits. It can improve a person’s mood and self-esteem (自我价值感), sometimes helping people handle difficult transitions in life. It can also help people connect with others as they share memories.   But nostalgia can also lead to 96 problems. Focusing on the past can make people less satisfied with the present and make it harder to find 97 to improve their current situation. Nostalgia can also lead people to view earlier stages of life with rose-colored glasses. They may forget about or 98 past hardships, thinking only about the positive side of things.   How can you find a balance, remembering the past without letting it interfere with the present? Start by making a conscious effort to recognize and be 99 for the positives in your current situation. While remembering the past, focus on lessons you’ve learned and ways you’ve grown and changed over the years. And share these memories with others to deepen relationships by learning more about each other or 100 over shared experiences.   Nostalgia can bring many benefits to individuals and to communities, but we all must remain cautious of its potential downsides. 【答案】 91．I 92．B 93．E 94．K 95．A 96．D 97．G 98．C 99．J 100．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了怀旧这一情感现象，包括其定义、表现、心理影响及潜在问题，并提出了平衡怀旧与现实的方法。 【详解】91．考查动词。句意：怀旧，这种与回忆过去的幸福联系在一起的感觉，通常被描述为苦乐参半。根据句意及空前“the feeling”和空后“with remembering happiness in the past”可知，此处为固定短语be associated with“与……有关”，空处应填过去分词associated。故选I。 92．考查动词。句意：一些心理学家甚至根据快乐情绪或悲伤情绪是否主导一个人的经历，将积极怀旧与消极怀旧区分开来。根据句意及空前“whether happy emotions or sad ones”可知，此处表示快乐情绪或悲伤情绪是否主导一个人的经历，空处应填动词dominate“主导”，在从句中作谓语，根据主句谓语distinguish可知，从句用一般现在时。故选B。 93．考查名词。句意：注意到这些趋势，公司正在提供几十年前的产品。根据句意及空前“Taking note of these”可知，此处表示注意到这些趋势，且空前由these修饰，所以空处应填名词复数形式trends“趋势”，作宾语。故选E。 94．考查动词。句意：一些餐馆甚至把20世纪70年代的一些菜肴组合在一起。根据句意及空前“Some restaurants are even putting together menus that”可知，此处表示餐馆把20世纪70年代的一些菜肴组合在一起，空处应填动词feature“以……为特色”，在定语从句中作谓语，根据主句谓语are putting together可知，从句谓语动词用一般现在时，关系代词that指代先行词menus，为复数，谓语动词用原形。故选K。 95．考查名词。句意：这种对怀旧的渴望很有意义，因为这种感觉有心理上的好处。根据句意及空前“This desire for nostalgia makes a lot of”可知，此处表示这种对怀旧的渴望很有意义，空处应填名词sense“意义”，make a lot of sense“很有意义”。故选A。 96．考查形容词。句意：但怀旧也会导致情绪问题。根据句意及空后“problems”可知，此处表示怀旧也会导致情绪问题，空处应填形容词emotional“情绪的”，作定语修饰名词problems。故选D。 97．考查名词。句意：专注于过去会让人们对现在不那么满意，也让他们更难找到改善现状的动力。根据句意及空前“Focusing on the past can make people less satisfied with the present and make it harder to find”可知，此处表示专注于过去会让人们对现在不那么满意，也让他们更难找到改善现状的动力，空处应填名词motivation“动力”，作宾语。故选G。 98．考查动词。句意：他们可能会忘记或忽视过去的困难，只想着事情的积极一面。根据句意及空前“They may forget about or”可知，此处表示他们可能会忘记或忽视过去的困难，空处应填动词ignore“忽视”，在情态动词may后，用动词原形。故选C。 99．考查形容词。句意：首先，要有意识地努力认识并感激当前情况中的积极因素。根据句意及空前“Start by making a conscious effort to recognize and be”可知，此处表示要有意识地努力认识并感激当前情况中的积极因素，空处应填形容词grateful“感激的”，作表语。故选J。 100．考查动词。句意：并与他人分享这些回忆，通过更多地了解彼此或通过共同经历加深关系。根据句意及空前“And share these memories with others to deepen relationships by learning more about each other or”可知，此处表示并与他人分享这些回忆，通过更多地了解彼此或通过共同经历加深关系，空处应填动词bond“建立关系”，在介词by后，用动名词形式。故选H。 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．exported        B．dumping        C． equity       D．driven   E. bumping     F. share    G. unfounded     H. simply   I. projected     J. obsessed     K. supposedly Taking a Wrong Turn The word “overcapacity” has recently gained attention after US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen claimed that China has caused “overcapacity” in the new energy sector, including electric vehicles(EVs) and lithium batteries (锂电池). 101 put, “overcapacity”, in Yellen’s words, refers to producing too many goods, which could lead to global price distortions and affect businesses and workers in other countries. However, this viewpoint is 102 and lacks evidence. Contrary to concerns about “overcapacity”, global production in the new energy sector is actually at “undercapacity” — production is insufficient to meet demand. Data from the International Energy Agency showed that global demand for new energy vehicles(NEVs)is 103 to reach 45 million units by 2030, 4.5 times the 2022 levels. The idea that China has 104 new energy products at low prices is also incorrect. Chinese NEVs are sold at higher prices overseas than in China, and despite this, their sales continue to grow rapidly. Even the US magazine The Atlantic admitted, “Chinese electric vehicles are cheap, stylish, and high quality… Instead, the White House is going out of its way to keep Chinese EVs out of the US.” These observations indicate that the pricing and sales of new energy products are 105   by international market supply and demand, rather than being only affected by the so-called “overcapacity” caused by China. Moreover, China’s over 60 percent 106 of the global power battery market comes from its focus on technological innovation and high-quality production, not low-cost 107 . “The purpose of technological innovation has never been to widen global differences,” Zeng Yuqun, founder and CEO of CATL, a leading company in new energy innovative technologies, told 21st Century Business Herald. “For China’s power batteries, technological innovation has 108 progress; green development has sustained growth, and technological 109 is the goal,” Zeng added. While China focuses on innovation and quality, the US is 110 with a “100-percent Made in America” goal. The Biden administration plans to subsidize (补贴) US businesses and promote the use of domestic materials to achieve this goal. 【答案】 101．H 102．G 103．K 104．A 105．D 106．F 107．B 108．I 109．E 110．J 【导语】这是一篇议论文。讲述了美国财政部长珍妮特·耶伦声称中国造成了包括电动汽车和锂电池在内的新能源领域的“产能过剩”。针对这一问题，作者从全球新能源产品市场经济、全球动力电池技术以及技术创新的目的等方面阐述了“产能过剩”这一论点的毫无根据可言。 101．考查副词。句意：简单地说，用耶伦的话来说，“产能过剩”是指生产过多的商品，这可能导致全球价格扭曲，并影响其他国家的企业和工人。分析句子可知，空格处需要副词充当状语修饰动词put，表示的意思是“简单地”，simply符合句意。故选H项。 102．考查形容词。句意：然而，这种观点是没有根据的，也缺乏证据。分析句子可知，空格处为表语，根据后文的lacks evidence，可知此处缺少的意思是“毫无根据的”，unfounded符合句意。故选G项。 103．考查副词。句意：国际能源署的数据显示，到2030年，全球对新能源汽车的需求预计将达到4500万辆，是2022年水平的4.5倍。根据后文“reach 45 million units by 2030, 4.5 times the 2022 levels”可知，这是一种预测，空格处缺少的意思是“据推测”，supposedly符合句意。故选K项。 104．考查动词。句意：认为中国以低价出口新能源产品的观点也是不正确的。根据后文“Chinese NEVs are sold at higher prices overseas than in China”可知，空格处表示的意思是“出口”，exported符合句意。故选A项。 105．考查动词。句意：这些观察结果表明，新能源产品的定价和销售是由国际市场供求驱动的，而不仅仅受到所谓的中国“产能过剩”的影响。根据常识可知，市场决定了产品的价格和销售。结合句意及后文“affected by(受……影响)”可知，空格处需要的意思是“驱动，驱使”，driven符合句意。故选D项。 106．考查名词。句意：此外，中国在全球动力电池市场超过60%的份额来自于其对技术创新和高质量生产的关注，而不是低成本倾销。根据“the global power battery market”可知，空格处为“份额”，share符合句意。故选F项。 107．考查动名词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处的意思是“倾销”，dumping符合句意。故选B项。 108．考查动词。句意：“对于中国的动力电池来说，技术创新预示着进步；绿色发展持续增长，技术进步是我们的目标，”Zeng说。分析句子可知，空格处为句子谓语部分，需要的意思是“预示着，预计”， projected符合句意。故选I项。 109．考查动名词。句意同上题。根据上文“green development has sustained growth”可知，我们的目标是技术进步，bumping“颠簸行进”符合句意。故选E项。 110．考查动词。句意：当中国专注于创新和质量时，美国却痴迷于“100%美国制造”的目标。根据下文“The Biden administration plans to subsidize (补贴) US businesses and promote the use of domestic materials to achieve this goal.”可知，美国痴迷于“100%美国制造”的目标，be obsessed with“痴迷于”，obsessed符合句意。故选J项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．day-trippers        B．enthusiasts          C． exploring         D．first-tier        E. guided F. inclusive      G. interacting    H. potential   I. rhyme       J. tailored    K. trending Gather together a couple of good friends and take a leisurely walk through the streets—this is what many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city. Citywalk can be a(n) 111 trip tailor-made for a small group of people organized by a travel agency, or simply a leisurely walk for once or two to explore new areas, sticking to the key point: avoiding famous scenic spots and big crowds to gain a more 112 experience of the places you visit. That is to say, you are given the freedom to explore endless possibilities. Hashtags (话题标签) and keywords for Citywalk are currently 113 across multiple Chinese social media platforms, as more and more people look to share their experiences and thoughts online. In China, the Citywalk trend is spreading from 114 cities like Beijing and Shanghai to second and third-tier cities, encouraging more participants and event organizers to get involved. Some organizers invite folk culture 115 to act as tour guides. Xiao Yiyi is a young entrepreneur (创业者) based in Changsha 116 new possibilities in the tourism sector. Recently she launched six Citywalk routes in different cities on her social media account, with the aim of providing experiences for visitors to walk in “open-air museums”, an approach for young people to 117 with a city. Xiao Yiyi said her events usually last around half a day. Beijing and Shandong have included Citywalk in their plans to promote cultural tourism and leisure tours. Shanghai has established Citywalk routes using public bus routes to help 118 reach more remote districts by public transport and continue on foot. Even though Citywalk is a relatively new phenomenon, industry insiders say that its 119 is huge. Many tour guides also try to expand their influence online, sharing their experiences to attract potential customers. Citywalk is offerıng a positive change to urban travelers as they can better choose the experiences that correspond with their interests and needs. At the same time, Citywalk represents an opportunity for tour guides to offer a more 120 , professional service to meet with ever-changing market demands. 【答案】 111．E 112．F 113．K 114．D 115．B 116．C 117．G 118．A 119．H 120．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了年轻人探索城市的旅游新趋势——城市漫步。 111．考查形容词。句意：Citywalk可以是由旅行社组织的为一小群人量身定制的有导游的旅行，也可以是一到两个人的悠闲散步，探索新地区，坚持要点：避开著名景点和拥挤的人群，以获得更全面的体验。Citywalk可以是由旅行社为少数人定制的旅行，这种旅行通常是有导游的，所以应该选择guided这个词，表示“有导游的”，作前置定语，修饰名词trip。故选E。 112．考查形容词。句意：Citywalk可以是由旅行社组织的为一小群人量身定制的有导游的旅行，也可以是一到两个人的悠闲散步，探索新地区，坚持要点：避开著名景点和拥挤的人群，以获得更全面的体验。结合上文提到的避免著名景点和人群，目的是为了获得更范围广泛的游览体验。用形容词inclusive“包容广阔的，范围广泛的”，作前置定语，修饰名词experience。故选F。 113．考查动词时态。句意：随着越来越多的人希望在网上分享他们的经历和想法，Citywalk的标签和关键词目前在多个中国社交媒体平台上流行起来。这里描述的是城市漫步在社交媒体上的流行趋势，因此用动词trend“倾向，趋势”的ing形式，与空前的are构成现在进行时。故选K。 114．考查形容词。句意：在中国，城市漫步的趋势正从北京和上海等一线城市蔓延到二三线城市，鼓励更多参与者和活动组织者参与进来。这里指的是像北京、上海这样的大城市，因此用first-tier“一线的，顶尖的”，作前置定语，修饰名词cities。故选D。 115．考查名词。句意：一些组织者邀请民俗文化爱好者充当导游。这里需要一个名词来指代对民俗文化有热情的人，因此用enthusiast“爱好者”的复数形式enthusiasts，作invite的宾语。故选B。 116．考查非谓语动词。句意：肖伊伊是长沙的一位年轻企业家，正在旅游业中探索新的可能性。根据后文的new possibilities可知，这里描述的是肖伊伊正在做的动作，即探索新机会，且is为本句系动词，本空用非谓语动词，因此用explore“探索”的现在分词，作状语。故选C。 117．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，她在自己的社交媒体账户上推出了六条不同城市的Citywalk路线，旨在为游客提供在“露天博物馆”中行走的体验，这是年轻人与城市互动的一种方式。an approach to doing sth.“做某事的方法”，to为介词。这里指的是年轻人通过这种方式与城市互动，且空前的to为介词，用interact“互动”的动名词interacting。故选G。 118．考查名词。句意：上海已经利用公交线路设立了城市漫步路线，帮助一日游游客通过公共交通工具到达更偏远的地区，然后继续步行。这里需要一个名词指代参与城市漫步活动的人，因此用day-tripper“一日游游客”的复数形式，作help的宾语。故选A。 119．考查名词。句意：尽管城市漫步是一个相对较新的现象，但业内内部人士表示，其潜力巨大。这里讨论的是城市漫步未来的发展空间，其潜力巨大，因此用名词potential“潜力”，作that引导的宾语从句的主语。故选H。 120．考查形容词。句意：与此同时，Citywalk也为导游提供了一个机会，让他们能够提供更专门的、更专业的服务，以满足不断变化的市场需求。结合上下文，这里描述的是导游服务的特点，与“专业服务”并列，并符合上下文对个性化体验的强调，用形容词tailored“专门的，订做的”，作前置定语，修饰名词service。故选J。 1 / 28 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 选词填空 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 1．F 2．C 3．A 4．I 5．D 6．B 7．K 8．E 9．H 10．J Passage 2 11．I 12．J 13．C 14．F 15．K 16．H 17．B 18．G 19．D 20．A 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 21．H 22．A 23．B 24．G 25．K 26．D 27．C 28．I 29．F 30．E Passage 2 31．I 32．F 33．E 34．C 35．J 36．K 37．D 38．G 39．H 40．A 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 41．F 42．H 43．J 44．G 45．A 46．E 47．D 48．I 49．K 50．B Passage 2 51．K 52．E 53．A 54．I 55．C 56．F 57．J 58．G 59．B 60．D 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 61．G 62．K 63．J 64．I 65．C 66．A 67．H 68．F 69．D 70．B Passage 2 71．G 72．A 73．C 74．H 75．K 76．D 77．I 78．F 79．B 80．J 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 81．B 82．C 83．K 84．H 85．F 86．E 87．I 88．A 89．G 90．J Passage 2 91．I 92．B 93．E 94．K 95．A 96．D 97．G 98．C 99．J 100．H 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 101．H 102．G 103．K 104．A 105．D 106．F 107．B 108．I 109．E 110．J Passage 2 111．E 112．F 113．K 114．D 115．B 116．C 117．G 118．A 119．H 120．J 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 选词填空 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·上海市黄浦区格致中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following paragraphs by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．soil     B．practices     C． underscored     D．order E. themed     F. staged      G. anticipating     H. immersive I. boasts     J. solidifying     K. context Shanghai Unveils Pharaohs’ Glory The Shanghai Museum transformed into a gateway to the Nile Valley today as the monumental exhibition, “Top of the Pyramid: Ancient Egyptian Civilization”, officially opened its doors. Praised as the largest and most significant display of Egyptian antiquities ever 1 in China, the exhibition promises an unprecedented journey through 4,000 years of Pharaonic splendor, diplomacy, and enduring mystery. The grand opening ceremony resonated with a sense of historic occasion. Dignitaries, including high-level representatives from Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and Chinese cultural leaders, 2 the exhibition’s role as a peak of Sino-Egyptian cultural exchange. The presence of artifacts, many leaving Egyptian 3 for the first time, granted the event profound significance. The exhibition 4 a stunning 788 carefully selected artifacts sourced directly from seven premier Egyptian institutions. This collection transcends the typical; it features national treasures of the highest 5 . These masterpieces of ancient artistry, rarely seen outside Egypt offer an intimate glimpse into royal burial 6 and beliefs in the afterlife. “This exhibition represents far more than a display of antiquities.” stated Dr. Ahmed El-Damaty, a senior advisor from the Egyptian delegation, during the opening. “It is a profound dialogue between two of the world’s oldest continuous civilizations.” The exhibition is widely seen as a major soft power initiative, strengthening cultural ties between Egypt and China, particularly within the 7 of the Belt and Road framework. Anticipation in Shanghai has been building for months. “Egyptomania” is tangible, with 8 events, lectures, and merchandise appearing across the city. The Shanghai Museum has prepared extensively, creating 9 environments with dramatic lighting, contextual projections, and replicas of tomb interiors to enhance the visitor experience while ensuring state-of-the-art security and climate control for the priceless artifacts. “Top of the Pyramid” is not just an exhibition; it’s a monumental cultural event, placing the pinnacle of ancient Egyptian achievement firmly within reach of the Chinese public and 10 Shanghai’s status as a global hub for world-class cultural exchange. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市建平中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．channel    B．featuring    C figure    D hanging    E. initially    F. oral G. ritually    H. scare    I. surge    J. troubled    K. worn Keeping the Five Venoms at Bay In China, people refer to the fifth lunar month as the “month of poison,” since the warmer, wetter climate brings a 11 in creatures thought to be venomous (有毒的). During the Dragon Boat Festival, people traditionally ward off the “five venoms” — snakes, scorpions, centipedes, geckos, and toads — though some are actually harmless. These venomous creatures have long 12 the Chinese, who have imagined them as evil spirits. Then various remedies have been developed. For instance, many people hang the herb on their doors to prevent them from entering. Some even weave the Chinese mugwort (艾草) into a human or tiger 13 for better effect. Additionally, 14 ones, such as adding realgar (雄黄), a type of mineral, to alcohol to create realgar wine, have been used a part of Traditional Chinese Medicine to get rid of poisons. Apart from herbs, people also rely on symbolic items for protection. One example is the use of five-colored threads (五彩绳), 15 to prevent disease. Legend holds that after the poet Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo River, people made zongzi and threw them into the water as offerings to him. To 16 off the dragons in the river that night eat the offerings, people used the five-colored threads to wrap up the zongzi. Children also wear clothes or shoes 17 patterns of the “five venoms” to get away from them. In addition, ancient Chinese people believed in the magical power of talismans (符). Red paper bearing the “five venoms” would be pinned to walls and pierced with needles. This was believed to 18 kill the venoms and prevent them from making their presence felt. Today, some of these ancient customs of driving away the “five venoms” remain alive in Chinese culture. Even in cities, you can see people with mugwort 19 in front of their homes. From a modern perspective, these traditions 20 ancient wisdom into modern practices. 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市敬业中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.Note that there one word more than you need. A．avoid       B．diligent      C． flexible     D．guidance      E. imagination F. independent G. initiative  H. prospects     I. pursue       J. ruin          K. unrealistic Why don’t you get a proper job? Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious. They are optimistic about their 21 , but their career ideas are rather vague. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is boring but pays the bills. Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to 22 traditionally female careers such as nursing. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. But the world has changed. The global economy is not kind to yesterday’s 23 and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the 24 . This means that a 14-year-old who sees her working future as a kind of adventure, to be made up as she goes along, is not necessarily being 25 . However, she has to have the training and 26 to help her develop the right skills for today’s market; not the rigid (死板的) preparation for a workplace that disappeared 20 years ago. So what is to be done? A good first step would be to change the way in which schools prepare young people for adult life. The education system is becoming less 27 and more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills at just the time that the employment market is going in the opposite direction. Accurate, up-to-date information on new jobs and qualifications can help guidance counsellors to help their students. Young people need solid information on the sort of training they need to 28 the career of their dreams. Also, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes. Once we’ve done that, it’s easier to see how important it is that they learn how to be 29 and resourceful. Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, 30 is a terrible thing to waste. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市宜川中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．finances    B．continued    C． decline    D．addressing    E. pressured F. unneedy    G. giving    H. charges    I. reminder    J. skipping    K. cause How to Check Out a Charity Before You Donate You hear the words “childhood disease” or “natural disaster,” and it can be hard to say no to donation requests for help. But your instinct to be generous should always be tempered with a healthy dose of doubt. The recent crackdown launched by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) on four cancer charities is a good 31 to make sure your donations are put to good use. So, how can you make sure that the money you give doesn’t end up lining the pockets of the 32 ? Follow these tips. Hang up on telemarketers. The cancer charities charged with fraud (欺诈) by the FTC used telemarketing calls to raise donations. If you get a call from a group asking for money, you might feel 33 to make a donation on the spot. But the FTC cautions that you shouldn’t rush to say yes but 34 any requests to give over the phone. Telemarketing companies often keep a significant portion of the funds they raise. You’re better off 35 the middleman and contacting a charity directly to make a donation. Don’t wait for charities to come to you. To avoid feeling the pressure to give to an organization that reaches out to you, figure out what 36 is important to you. Then find charities that are 37 it. You can browse charities that have been evaluated by Charity Navigator by category to identify groups you want to support. Having a(n) 38 plan will make it easier to avoid making impulse donations. Research before you give. The FTC 39 against the four cancer charities show that just because an organization claims to do good doesn’t mean it actually does. That’s why it’s important to find out as much as you can about how an organization will use your donation before you give. You can start with third-party evaluations and ratings at sites such as Charity Navigator and Chariy Watch, which examine charities’ 40 governance and effectiveness. 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市曹杨中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．unrecognized B．consequently C．fiction D．advanced E．historically F．understanding G．identify H．picture I．unaffected J．long-standing K．breakthroughs A New Dark Age Possibility Imagine a future in which humanity’s wisdom about Earth — our vast experience with weather trends, fish migration patterns and much more — turns out-of-date. Civilization enters a dark age in its 41 of our planet. To comprehend, how this could occur, 42 yourself in our grandchildren’s time. Significant global warming has occurred, as scientists predicted. Nature’s 43 patterns — relied on for millennia by humanity to plan everything — are no longer so reliable. Cycles that have been largely repeatable are disrupted (打乱) by dramatic climate changes. As Earth’s warming becomes stable, new patterns begin to appear. At first, they are hard to 44 These new patterns need many years — sometimes decades — to reveal themselves fully. Until then, farmers will struggle to predict new seasonal patterns and regularly plant wrong crops. Early signs of major disasters will go 45 . Disruptive impacts will be widespread. Such a dark age is a growing possibility. In a recent report, scientists concluded that human-caused global warming was already changing patterns of some extreme weather events. Our foundation of Earth knowledge, largely obtained from 46 observed patterns, has been central to society’s progress. Early cultures kept track of nature’s ebb and flow (起伏盛衰), passing improved knowledge about Earth to each new generation. Science has sped up this process through 47 observation methods. However, as Earth warms, our historical understanding will turn out-of-date faster than we can replace it with new knowledge. Some patterns will change significantly; others will be largely 48 though it will be difficult to say what will change, by how much, and when. Without big scientific 49 , we will remain reliant on pattern-based methods. The problem is, these patterns will become increasingly difficult to track. Predicting extreme weather may become even tougher than it is today. We 50 will face huge challenges. Our grandchildren could grow up knowing less about the planet than we do today. This is not what we want to leave them, yet we are on the edge of ensuring this happens. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市徐汇区南洋中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．survived   B．interaction   C． shrinking   D．lessons    E. evidence   F. habitats G. ultimately   H. temporarily   I. extinction   J. factor    K. existing New research reveals that some of South America’s largest prehistoric animals, including saber toothed cats and giant sloths (树懒) weighing over 4 tons, survived much longer than scientists previously believed — some until just 3,500 years ago. This discovery challenges 51 theories about what caused their extinction. For decades, researchers thought these “megafauna” (大型动物) died out around 11,700 years ago, when Earth’s climate warmed (the start of the Holocene period), and humans spread across the Americas. However, a Brazilian research team has found 52 that many species persisted for thousands of years after human arrival. Using radiocarbon dating on fossils from eight species, including the massive sloth Eremotherium laurillardi and saber-toothed cat Smilodon popular, scientists discovered most 53 until 6,000-8,000 years ago. Two species — a giant llama (美洲驼) (Palaeolama major) and a camel-like creature (Xenorhinotherium bahiense) — lasted until 3,500 years ago, making them the continent’s last surviving megafauna. The team argues that environmental changes, not human hunting, were the main cause of 54 . As the Holocene (全新世) climate transformed South America’s landscapes — 55 grasslands and expanding forests — these large animals lost their 56 . “While humans may have contributed, habitat loss was the primary 57 ,” says lead researcher Fábio Cortes. Other experts disagree. Jens-Christian Svenning suggests growing human populations 58 caused the extinctions, though he acknowledges climate played a role. Suresh Singh notes the complex 59 between human activity and environmental change likely sealed the megafauna’s fate. This debate continues as scientists re-examine why Earth’s largest creatures disappeared — with important 60 for modern conservation efforts. 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市浦东新区东昌中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．vulnerability   B．motivation   C． undergoing   D．integrity   E. rejected F. upsetting   G. extend   H. invade   I. justified   J. contributing   K. arisen Sportsmanship Isn’t Just for Athletes Sportsmanship is defined as fair, generous and polite behaviour or treatment of others, especially in sports. At its heart, it reflects a commitment to fair play and goodwill toward an opponent. But this spirit should not be restricted to the sporting stadium. It should 61 to everyone involved, especially those watching and cheering from the stands. In recent years, the idolization (崇拜)of athletes has 62 dramatically among young people in China. However, some fans have gone too far, 63 to the “fan circle” culture. This fanatical support creates an ugly, competitively unfair environment, damaging the spirit of sportsmanship. A clear example was seen at the recent table tennis Asian Cup, where some fans even 64 shouting abusively at the opponent of the athlete they supported. Sports are meant to promote unity and inspiration, not hostility or personal attacks. What’s worse, athletes are 65 wild treatment beyond stadiums and courts as well. Some fans follow athletes through airports, crowd them at hotels, and ignore their privacy entirely. This not only creates safety risks but also causes genuine emotional 66 . Online, things can get even uglier, with some fans attacking rival athletes and their supporters. These fans are missing the point. Rather than fixate on rivalry or 67 their lives, we should celebrate the qualities that make athletes great. They go through hard training, endure 68 injuries, and make countless sacrifices to achieve their dreams. What is truly inspiring is not their fame but their dedication, resilience and discipline. True champions display respect for opponents, handle victories with humility, and accept defeat with grace. For example, tennis legend Roger Federer is beloved not just for his exceptional skills but also for his 69 on and off the court. Chinese athletes, like Ma Long, have also set examples by showing deep respect for their competitors. Their conduct reminds us that we can love the competition itself, cheering for our athletes with pride. All these values including the hard work behind the glory, and the respect transcending (超越) rivalry are the very essence of true sportsmanship. Athletes’ journeys remind us that success is built through effort, setbacks and determination. By celebrating their character, not just victories, we can transform admiration into 70 , not obsession. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市海华东师范大学附属进华中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Not e that there is one word more than you need. A．estimate     B．universally    C． evolved    D．adopted    E. converted F. extended    G. fascinate    H. incredible    I. superior   J. footprint   K. cheer Words, words, words We use hundreds, maybe even thousands of different words every day. Many of them have been part of our vocabulary since early childhood, but the words that 71 us are the other ones, the ones that didn’t even exit a few years ago. As the world changes, the vocabulary that people use moves on too. In fact, experts 72 that at least 4,000 new English words are coined every year. Have you ever stopped to wonder where they come from and why they have the meanings that they do? It's no surprise that some of the new words come from another language, but you would be amazed to find out that Modern English, which has 73 from Old English, has taken about 80% of its vocabulary from other sources: mostly from French and Latin, but also from an 74 350 other languages. Some of these loanwords are used because there is no existing word in English to cover the meaning. In Britain, people now eat Chinese dim sum and the Greek dish kleftiko, and blow a South African vuvuzela to 75 on a football team. Other words are 76 even when there’s an existing English alternative, because the foreign word sounds 77 or more clever and elegant in some way. People think Italian coffee tastes better than the coffee traditionally drunk in Britain, so they often use the Italian word americano to order a black coffee in a café. Whenever we switch on a computer or mobile, we do things that were unheard of a few decades ago. Sometimes, the new language that we need for technology evolves by giving new meanings to old words. Hack used to mean cut or kick and this usage carries on today. But as the Internet developed, the use of the word was 78 to the metaphorical meaning “access someone else’s computer illegally”. This new meaning is now so 79 accepted that no one today thinks of it as a metaphor. There are also new compounds of existing words, for example. cloud computing (computer resources delivered over the Internet) and digital 80 (the record left on the Internet of all your online so activity). And then there are those useful things, prefixes. Instead of receiving an old-fashioned card bought in a shop and sent in the mail, you might now receive an e-card bought in an e-shop and sent by email. 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市大境中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．advanced   B．signs   C． fantasy   D．mysterious   E. shave   F. track   G. feed   H. link   I. predictions   J. updating   K. risky When visiting a doctor a few years from now, you can expect to be accompanied by a virtual version of yourself. This so-called digital twin will be a working model of your body that can be called onto a physician’s computer screen. Updated with your latest vital 81 , it will help the doctor make an accurate diagnosis. It also opens the door for medicines and procedures designed specifically for you, greatly increasing recovery rates. This might seem like 82 but the foundations are being laid. Researchers at Queen Mary University of London already use computer simulations (模拟) of the hearts of individual patients to evaluate different treatments for atrial fibrillation, a common disorder. It would be far too 83 to experiment this way on someone’s real heart. With other organs also being twinned by scientists, it seems likely they will eventually 84 up to form a virtual body. As our Science & Technology section reports, digital twins are starting to pop up everywhere. Among other things, they monitor the health of jet engines on airliners, keep 85 of Uber’s network of vehicles and copy Amazon’s extensive supply chain well enough for the online retailer to accurately forecast sales several years ahead. They are helping local authorities respond to the effects of flooding and letting carmakers 86 years off the development of new models by simulating test drives and crashes. Twins are also being developed to help manage factories, companies and entire cities. All this is being turbo-charged by recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI), which gives digital twins the ability to make 87 about their physical equivalents, and fine-tune themselves on new data. Digital twins began as basic computer models of physical objects and systems. As computers have become more powerful, twins have become more 88 . Complex design and modeling software means many physical objects take shape in the virtual world. Small sensors, capable of measuring all sorts of things, 89 twins with real-time data, ensuring that they mirror their physical equivalents. A Formula I racing car, for instance, may have more than 250 sensors 90 its digital twin during a grand race. The use of AI takes all this much further, allowing virtual models to become more sophisticated, and to both simulate and optimize activities in the real world. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市杨浦高级中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.   A．sense  B．dominate  C． ignore  D．emotional  E. trends  F. combined  G. motivation  H. bonding  I. associated  J. grateful  K. feature   Remember when ... Do you ever find yourself looking back on earlier times, remembering happy moments from the past? Nostalgia, the feeling 91 with remembering happiness in the past, is often described as bittersweet. It is bitter because you long for things that are no more but sweet as you enjoy remembering your past happiness. Some psychologists even distinguish positive nostalgia from negative nostalgia, depending on whether happy emotions or sad ones 92 a person’s experience.   In today’s culture, expressions of nostalgia are becoming common. People share old social media posts remembering the good old days. They buy products made years ago from secondhand stores and enjoy media that reminds them of their childhoods. Taking note of these 93 companies are offering products like those of earlier decades. Social media platforms offer filters that can make pictures look like old photographs. Some restaurants are even putting together menus that 94 some dishes from the 1970s. And the fact that people are buying all these products shows that those people want to experience nostalgia.   This desire for nostalgia makes a lot of 95 because this feeling has psychological benefits. It can improve a person’s mood and self-esteem (自我价值感), sometimes helping people handle difficult transitions in life. It can also help people connect with others as they share memories.   But nostalgia can also lead to 96 problems. Focusing on the past can make people less satisfied with the present and make it harder to find 97 to improve their current situation. Nostalgia can also lead people to view earlier stages of life with rose-colored glasses. They may forget about or 98 past hardships, thinking only about the positive side of things.   How can you find a balance, remembering the past without letting it interfere with the present? Start by making a conscious effort to recognize and be 99 for the positives in your current situation. While remembering the past, focus on lessons you’ve learned and ways you’ve grown and changed over the years. And share these memories with others to deepen relationships by learning more about each other or 100 over shared experiences.   Nostalgia can bring many benefits to individuals and to communities, but we all must remain cautious of its potential downsides. 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．exported        B．dumping        C． equity       D．driven   E. bumping     F. share    G. unfounded     H. simply   I. projected     J. obsessed     K. supposedly Taking a Wrong Turn The word “overcapacity” has recently gained attention after US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen claimed that China has caused “overcapacity” in the new energy sector, including electric vehicles(EVs) and lithium batteries (锂电池). 101 put, “overcapacity”, in Yellen’s words, refers to producing too many goods, which could lead to global price distortions and affect businesses and workers in other countries. However, this viewpoint is 102 and lacks evidence. Contrary to concerns about “overcapacity”, global production in the new energy sector is actually at “undercapacity” — production is insufficient to meet demand. Data from the International Energy Agency showed that global demand for new energy vehicles(NEVs)is 103 to reach 45 million units by 2030, 4.5 times the 2022 levels. The idea that China has 104 new energy products at low prices is also incorrect. Chinese NEVs are sold at higher prices overseas than in China, and despite this, their sales continue to grow rapidly. Even the US magazine The Atlantic admitted, “Chinese electric vehicles are cheap, stylish, and high quality… Instead, the White House is going out of its way to keep Chinese EVs out of the US.” These observations indicate that the pricing and sales of new energy products are 105   by international market supply and demand, rather than being only affected by the so-called “overcapacity” caused by China. Moreover, China’s over 60 percent 106 of the global power battery market comes from its focus on technological innovation and high-quality production, not low-cost 107 . “The purpose of technological innovation has never been to widen global differences,” Zeng Yuqun, founder and CEO of CATL, a leading company in new energy innovative technologies, told 21st Century Business Herald. “For China’s power batteries, technological innovation has 108 progress; green development has sustained growth, and technological 109 is the goal,” Zeng added. While China focuses on innovation and quality, the US is 110 with a “100-percent Made in America” goal. The Biden administration plans to subsidize (补贴) US businesses and promote the use of domestic materials to achieve this goal. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．day-trippers        B．enthusiasts          C． exploring         D．first-tier        E. guided F. inclusive      G. interacting    H. potential   I. rhyme       J. tailored    K. trending Gather together a couple of good friends and take a leisurely walk through the streets—this is what many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city. Citywalk can be a(n) 111 trip tailor-made for a small group of people organized by a travel agency, or simply a leisurely walk for once or two to explore new areas, sticking to the key point: avoiding famous scenic spots and big crowds to gain a more 112 experience of the places you visit. That is to say, you are given the freedom to explore endless possibilities. Hashtags (话题标签) and keywords for Citywalk are currently 113 across multiple Chinese social media platforms, as more and more people look to share their experiences and thoughts online. In China, the Citywalk trend is spreading from 114 cities like Beijing and Shanghai to second and third-tier cities, encouraging more participants and event organizers to get involved. Some organizers invite folk culture 115 to act as tour guides. Xiao Yiyi is a young entrepreneur (创业者) based in Changsha 116 new possibilities in the tourism sector. Recently she launched six Citywalk routes in different cities on her social media account, with the aim of providing experiences for visitors to walk in “open-air museums”, an approach for young people to 117 with a city. Xiao Yiyi said her events usually last around half a day. Beijing and Shandong have included Citywalk in their plans to promote cultural tourism and leisure tours. Shanghai has established Citywalk routes using public bus routes to help 118 reach more remote districts by public transport and continue on foot. Even though Citywalk is a relatively new phenomenon, industry insiders say that its 119 is huge. Many tour guides also try to expand their influence online, sharing their experiences to attract potential customers. Citywalk is offerıng a positive change to urban travelers as they can better choose the experiences that correspond with their interests and needs. At the same time, Citywalk represents an opportunity for tour guides to offer a more 120 , professional service to meet with ever-changing market demands. 13 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $