专题01 语法填空（期末真题汇编，上海专用）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 高中英语语法填空专题汇编，涵盖人与社会（如城市节奏观察、幸福追求）、人与自我（学业压力应对、文化礼仪）、人与自然（动物荧光特性、生物多样性）三大主题，精选上海多所重点中学期末试题，情境真实且贴近学生生活。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法填空|6篇/60空|动词时态语态（如has been found）、从句引导词（which/where）、非谓语（revealing/to make）、冠词/介词等|素材兼具文化深度（如芬兰建筑师视角下的上海）与时代性（心理健康、环保议题），设题梯度分明，基础题（介词搭配）与能力题（复杂句式）结合，适配高考语法填空命题趋势，注重真实语篇中的语法应用。|

专题01 语法填空 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高二·上海市黄浦区格致中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Finnish architect observes city’s shifting rhythms Almost every day, Finnish architect Jarmo Suominen rides his bike through Shanghai — not toward a destination, but into the city’s rhythm. He carries no map. Beneath clotheslines and tangled wires, he stops to observe and sketch. For Suominen, a professor at Tongji University, curiosity fuels both his work and life. His students call him Sou Sou, meaning “search” — a nickname 1 reflects his constant exploration. His bike rides are a form of engagement — a way to witness 2 people and places interact. “In Shanghai, you never know what you’ll find,” he told Shanghai Daily. “You turn down an alley (小巷子) and suddenly you’re in a hidden garden behind a dead-end. People create these little worlds. It’s amazing.” He values Shanghai’s “sensitive renewal,” a process 3 (drive) as much by residents as by government departments. “The street is 4 life happens,” he said. “The government might renovate facades (外立面), but inside, people make small, gradual upgrades. It’s not about replacing everything, but about letting people shape their future.” One of his favorite examples is a car repair shop near his home. “Every night, it transforms into a nightclub 5 talks, performances and movie screenings. It wasn’t designed to be one — it just became one.” For Suominen, the street is a canvas, always evolving with the people inhabiting it. A man playing saxophone in an alley or a chess game under sycamores (梧桐树) 6 (become), through his eyes, a sign of constant transformation. “The soul of a place,” he said, “isn’t in the architecture. It’s in the life around 7 : the feeling that you’re welcome, 8 you’re a stranger.” Suominen has filled more than 20 sketchbooks with these scenes, each 9 (reveal) the dynamic interplay between people and space. “In older neighborhoods, you see lives spilling into the streets — something unique to China, especially Shanghai,” he added. “In Finland, where the cold keeps people inside, you 10 hardly observe people’s values and habits in the same way.” 【答案】 1．that/which 2．how 3．driven 4．where 5．with 6．has become/becomes 7．it 8．even if/even though 9．revealing 10．can 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了芬兰建筑师在上海的观察与感悟。 1．考查定语从句。句意：他的学生称他为“搜搜”，意思是“寻找”——这个昵称反映了他不断的探索。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a nickname，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：他的自行车骑行是一种参与的方式——一种见证人与地方如何互动的方式。本空引导宾语从句，表示“如何”，用连接副词how引导。故填how。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他重视上海的“敏感更新”，这是一个由居民和政府部门共同推动的过程。本句已有谓语values，本空用非谓语形式，名词process和动词drive“推动”是逻辑动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填driven。 4．考查表语从句。句意：“街道是生活发生的地方，”他说。本空引导表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，表示 “……之处”，用连接副词where引导。故填where。 5．考查介词。句意：每天晚上，它都会变成一个夜总会，有谈话、表演和电影放映。此处表示“有”，用介词with。故填with。 6．考查时态。句意：在小巷里吹萨克斯的人或梧桐树下的棋局，在他眼里，都是不断变化的标志。本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语A man playing saxophone in an alley or a chess game under sycamores是第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数形式becomes。或者：从句描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，时态应用现在完成时，谓语用has become，故填has become或becomes。 7．考查代词。句意：“一个地方的灵魂，”他说，“不在于建筑，而在于周围的生活：那种即使你是陌生人也会感到受欢迎的感觉。”此处指代上文提到的a place，用代词it。故填it。 8．考查让步状语从句。句意同上。本空引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，用even if或even though。故填even if/even though。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：Suominen已经用这些场景填满了20多本素描本，每一本都揭示了人与空间之间的动态互动。本句已有谓语has filled，本空用非谓语形式，each指代上文提到的sketchbooks，和动词reveal“揭示”是逻辑主谓关系，用现在分词。故填revealing。 10．考查情态动词。句意：在芬兰，寒冷让人们待在室内，你几乎不可能以同样的方式观察到人们的价值观和习惯。根据“where the cold keeps people inside”可知，此处表示几乎不“可能”，用情态动词can。故填can。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市建平中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chasing Happiness Can Backfire Nobody needs to be taught that life is hard-we quickly learn that ourselves. But what many people 11 (teach) — sometimes subtly, sometimes explicitly (直白地) — is that life only starts after the hard parts go away. That if you’re feeling anxious, you need to fix it before you can speak up. That if you’re grieving, you can’t begin again unless you wait 12 the sadness is gone. The mental rule is 13 you save to avoid feeling bad to feel good, and you need to feel good so that you will be able to do good. But it’s a trap. And it’s one we fall into because it almost makes sense. We’re adapted to 14 (fix) problems. When we touch a hot stove, we pull our hand away. When we treat illness, we expect recovery. But the world inside our skin plays 15 a different rule: when it comes to thoughts and feelings, trying to eliminate pain often makes it 16 (bad). The human mind is such an amazing tool 17 allows us to imagine, plan, evaluate, and create. But that same mind also tells us we shouldn’t be feeling what we’ re feeling . It whispers: “You have to get rid of this first. You have to feel better before you can move forward.” In sence, this process is called “experiential avoidance” or “EA” and it’s one of the most textic ways 18 (involve) in the world. The more we begin to organize our lives around not feeling certain things, the more we numb ourselves, and the more our lives will shrink. But there’s another form of EA．It is based on slight alteration of that same rule: you have to hang on 19 feeling good or you will feel bad. The fact is, the more we chase “happiness” in a 20 (cling) fashion, the more it flees away! In science this process is called “experiential attachment”, another form of “EA” that is just as toxic to our well-being as the first kind. 【答案】 11．are taught 12．until 13．that 14．fixing 15．by 16．worse 17．as 18．to be involved 19．to 20．clinging 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了追求幸福可能适得其反，并解释了“体验回避”和“体验依恋”两种心理现象及其对生活的影响。 11．考查时态语态。句意：但许多人被教导——有时是微妙地，有时是直白地——生活只有在艰难的部分消失后才开始。空处为句子的谓语动词。句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，且主语和该动词之间为被动语态，主语many people为复数。故填are taught。 12．考查连词。句意：如果你在悲伤，除非等到悲伤消失，否则你不能重新开始。此处需要一个连词来连接前后两个分句，表示“直到……才”的意思，引导时间状语从句，所以用until。故填until。 13．考查表语从句。句意：心理规则是，你通过避免感觉不好来感觉良好，并且你需要感觉良好以便能够做好事。空处引导表语从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，所以用that来引导表语从句。故填that。 14．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们习惯于解决问题。adapt to doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“习惯于做某事”，所以此处应用fixing作为to的宾语。故填fixing。 15．考查介词。句意：但我们皮肤内的世界遵循不同的规则：当涉及到想法和感受时，试图消除痛苦往往会使情况变得更糟。play by the rule是固定短语，表示“遵循规则”。故填by。 16．考查比较级。句意：同上。此处表示试图消除痛苦往往会使情况“变得更糟”，所以用bad的比较级worse作为make的宾语补足语，表示情况的变化。故填worse。 17．考查定语从句。句意：人类大脑是一个如此惊人的工具，它允许我们想象、计划、评估和创造。空处引导定语从句，在定语从句中，当先行词被such修饰时，关系代词常用as来引导，且as在从句中可作主语。故填as。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：在某种程度上，这个过程被称为“体验回避”或“EA”，它是世界上最有害的参与方式之一。the way to do sth.表示“做某事的方式”，且此处表示“被参与”的被动意义，所以用动词不定式的被动语态，故填to be involved。 19．考查介词短语。句意：你必须要紧紧抓住感觉良好的状态，否则你会感到糟糕。hang on to为固定短语，含义为“抓紧某物”，符合语境，故填to。 20．考查形容词。句意：事实是，我们越是以一种狂热的方式追求 “幸福”，它就越是会溜走！空白处在句子中作定语，使用形容词，因空白处表示的是一种属性，使用v-ing形式的形容词，故填clinging。 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市海华东师范大学附属进华中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How to cope with academic stress A lot of teens are struggling 21 cope with academic stress. 22 stress can motivate you to work harder, it can also have the opposite results. If your goals are unrealistic, you will feel 23 (disappoint) about your performance, no matter how well you do. High-performing students are able to set realistic goals and are well prepared. Since they divide their work into reasonable daily and weekly targets, they tend to be less stressed about their exams. Reward yourself when you are 24 (do) with your daily tasks, for instance by watching an episode of your favorite show. It is also good to find a hobby that you are interested in, preferably 25 that allows you to have a social life. Teenagers who are 26 (involve) in club activities generally cope better with stress. Rest is an essential part of any work schedule. 27 you do, remember to get enough sleep. A good night’s sleep is crucial for maintaining normal concentration and focus, 28 a healthy body and mind. Long-term stress and a constant lack of sleep can have serious consequences. While teens often have mood swings, these could also be the first signs of mental health problems. Teenagers 29 seem depressed and avoid social interactions may need support, and friends and family can be a huge source of comfort. If you’re struggling yourself, find someone you can talk to. Finally, remember that there’s 30 wrong with seeking professional help. 【答案】 21．to 22．While/Although/Though 23．disappointed 24．done 25．one 26．involved 27．Whatever 28．and 29．who/that 30．nothing 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了青少年如何应对学业压力的方法，包括设置现实目标、奖励自己、参与活动、保证休息和睡眠、关注心理健康以及寻求专业帮助等内容。 21．考查固定短语。句意：许多青少年都在努力应对学业压力。固定短语struggle to do sth. (努力做某事)。故填to。 22．考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然压力可以激励你更加努力地学习，但也可能产生相反的结果。首字母大写，空白处需引导让步状语从句，从属连词While/Although/Though (尽管)，符合句意和语法逻辑。故填While/Although/Though。 23．考查形容词。句意：如果你的目标不切实际，无论你做得多好，你都会对自己的表现感到失望。系动词feel后接形容词作表语，用说明人心理状态的-ed形容词disappointed (感到失望的)。故填disappointed。 24．考查固定短语。句意：当你完成日常任务时，奖励自己，例如看一集你最喜欢的节目。固定短语be done with sth. (完成某事)。故填done。 25．考查代词。句意：找到一个你感兴趣的爱好也是件好事，最好是一个能让你有社交生活的爱好。该空是定语从句that allows you to have a social life的先行词，为a hobby的同位语，需用代词指代前文的a hobby，one表示“一个”，泛指单数名词。故填one。 26．考查固定短语。句意：参与俱乐部活动的青少年通常能更好地应对压力。固定短语be involved in (参与)。故填involved。 27．考查让步状语从句。句意：无论你做什么，记住要有足够的睡眠。首字母大写，空白处需引导让步状语从句，从属连词Whatever (无论什么)，在从句中作do的宾语。故填Whatever。 28．考查并列连词。句意：良好的睡眠对于保持正常的注意力和专注力以及健康的身心至关重要。空白处连接两个并列成分（concentration and focus和a healthy body and mind），需用并列连词and表示“和”。故填and。 29．考查定语从句。句意：看起来抑郁并避免社交互动的青少年可能需要支持，朋友和家人可以成为巨大的安慰来源。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是Teenagers，指人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。 30．考查固定句型。句意：最后，请记住，寻求专业帮助并没有错。固定句型There is nothing wrong with sth. (某事没有错)。故填nothing。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It’s interesting when you think about how Japan is a nation 31 appreciates the virtues of silence and good manners, and yet when it comes to eating noodles, Japanese people can be 32 (loud) in the world. According to lifestyle website grapee.jp, slurping (发出"哧溜"声) when eating noodles 33 (encourage) in Japanese culture. It’s believed that taking air into your mouth 34 enhance the flavor of the noodles, and that it helps cool down the noodles. It’s also considered to be a way to show appreciation for the dish. Sometimes, just making the noise alone seems to make the noodles more enjoyable. It wasn’t until a new expression – “noodle harassment(骚扰)”-- came out last year on social media 35 Japanese people started to realize that the slurping noise is making some foreign visitors uncomfortable. 36 a response, Japanese instant noodle maker Nissin introduced a so-called noise-canceling fork last month. The fork, which looks like an electric toothbrush, is connected wirelessly to a smart phone. When the person using the fork starts to slurp, the fork sends a signal to the person’s phone, 37 (make) it play a sound to mask the slurping noise. But is it really necessary? Dining traditions do vary.   38 is considered to be proper table manners in one country is likely to be seen as rude in another. In India, people eat with their hands 39 they think in this way they build a connection with the food. However, people who are used to eating with forks might find it uncomfortable to get their hands 40 (cover) in oil and bits of food. But this eating method is part of Indian's culture, just like Japan's slurping is part of its own. “So, if your are eating noodles, whether that’s ramen, uudon, or soba, please slurp,” wrote reporter Brian Ashcraft on blog Kotaku. “If anyone gets annoyed while you are doing that, pay them no mind because they're missing the point entirely.” 【答案】 31．that 32．the loudest 33．is encouraged 34．can/may 35．that 36．As 37．making 38．What 39．because/as 40．covered 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了一些国家的餐桌文化，在日本，人们认为大声吃东西是有礼貌的。在印度，人们用手吃东西，因为他们认为，这样他们与食物建立了一个联系。 31．考查定语从句连词。句意：有趣的是，日本是一个崇尚沉默和礼貌的国家，然而在吃面条时，日本人的声音可能是世界上最大的。分析句子结构可知，本句为定语从句修饰先行词nation，且先行词在从句中做主语，指国家，故用关系代词that。故填that。 32．考查形容词最高级。句意同上。根据" in the world"可知，此处要用形容词最高级。故填the loudest 。 33．考查动词时态语态。句意：据生活方式网站grapee.jp报道，日本文化鼓励吃面条时发出声音。本句主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且为一般现在时，主语为slurping when eating noodles谓语动词用单数形式。故填is encouraged。 34．考查情态动词。句意：人们相信，吸入空气可以增强面条的味道，并有助于冷却面条。根据后文enhance为动词原形可知应填情态动词，且结合句意表示“可以；能够”，故填can/may。 35．考查连词。句意：直到去年一个新的表达——“面条骚扰”——出现在社交媒体上，日本人才开始意识到，吃面条的声音让一些外国游客感到不舒服。固定句式it is not until ... that...“直到……才……”，故填that。 36．考查介词。句意：作为响应，日本方便面生产商日新上个月推出了一种所谓的消音叉。根据句意可知表示“作为”，故填As。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：当使用叉子的人开始发出声音时，叉子会向对方的手机发出一个信号，使其发出声音，来掩盖吃东西发出的声音。make在本句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语the fork构成主动关系，所以此处要用动词的ing形式做伴随状语。故填making。 38．考查连词。句意：在一个国家被认为是正确的餐桌礼仪，在另一个国家却可能被认为是粗鲁的。分析句子结构可知，本句为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且此处指代"被认为是粗鲁的行为"应用连词what。故填What。 39．考查连词。句意：在印度，人们用手吃东西，因为他们认为，这样他们与食物建立了一个联系。本句为原因状语从句，表示“因为”。故填because/as。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：习惯用餐叉吃饭的人可能会发现，他们的手沾满了油和食物，感觉很不舒服。cover在本句中做非谓语动词，与上文get 构成get sth. done结构，cover与hand构成被动关系故应用过去分词做宾补。故填covered。 【点睛】定语从句的关系词的选择可考虑以下三点： (1)一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等) (2)二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why) (3)三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句) 如第一小题，句意：有趣的是，日本是一个崇尚沉默和礼貌的国家，然而在吃面条时，日本人的声音可能是世界上最大的。分析句子结构可知，本句为定语从句修饰先行词nation，且先行词在从句中做主语，指国家，故用关系代词that。故填that。 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市静安区·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Cats have the power to glow in the dark, scientists discover Cats always land on their feet and are seen as a symbol of good luck in some cultures. They enjoy nine lives. But now the cat folk story has received an extra boost as scientists have found they can even glow in the dark. The domestic cat is one of 125 species that 41 (find) to have fluorescent (荧光的) properties that make them glow under UV light. This ability has been noted in various animals, including humans, but it was never known 42 widespread it was. Scientists in Australia reviewed a museum’s collection of mammals to see how many glowed in the dark 43 a UV light was turned on. They found 125 species had the ability. The research found that all 27 orders(目)—the level above genus(属)— 44 (have) members that possessed fluorescent properties. “Fluorescence was most common and most intense among night-active species, with more of their body 45 (be) more fluorescent,” the study authors said. “ 46 remains unclear whether fluorescence has any specific biological role for mammals. It appears to be a common property of colorless fur and skin. But it may function 47 (make) these areas appear brighter therefore enhancing visual signaling. This is especially true for night-active species.” There are various forms of fluorescence, but all involve the absorption of light and a low-level emission, 48 often resembles a glow. The role of this phenomenon in nature remains unknown but is likely to help animals of the same species communicate. People and rabbits were the first mammals 49 (show) to have fluorescent properties when an academic paper in 1911 found human hair could emit light in the UV range. Over the years, a few studies have identified specific individual species 50 fluorescent capabilities and provided unproven story-based evidence. 【答案】 41．have been found 42．how 43．when 44．had 45．being 46．It 47．to make 48．which 49．shown 50．with 【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家发现家猫等125种哺乳动物具有荧光特性，在紫外线下会发光，该现象在夜间活动物种中更常见，其生物学作用尚不明确，可能与视觉信号交流有关。 41．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：家猫是被发现具有荧光特性的125个物种之一，这些特性使它们在紫外线下发光。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语that（指代先行词species）与find为被动关系，且动作对现在有影响，用现在完成时的被动语态；that是复数意义，助动词用have。故填 have been found。 42．考查宾语从句。句意：这种能力在包括人类在内的各种动物中都有记载，但从未有人知道它的普及程度如何。空处引导宾语从句，修饰widespread，表程度，用连接代词how引导。故填how。 43．考查状语从句。句意：澳大利亚的科学家们查看了一家博物馆的哺乳动物藏品，想看看当紫外线灯打开时，有多少会在黑暗中发光。空处引导从句，表示“当……”，用when引导构成时间状语从句。故填when。 44．考查动词时态。句意：研究发现，所有27个目（属以上的分类级别）都有具有荧光特性的成员。空处为主句谓语动词，all 27 orders与have为主动关系，主句为一般过去时，从句动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填had。 45．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究作者说：“荧光在夜间活动的物种中最常见，也最强烈，它们身体的更多部位具有更强的荧光性。”这里考查“with + 宾语 + 宾补”结构，body与be为主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。故填being。 46．考查形式主语。句意：目前尚不清楚荧光对哺乳动物是否有任何特定的生物学作用。真正主语为 whether引导的从句，这里应用it作形式主语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填It。 47．考查非谓语动词。句意：但它的功能可能是使这些区域显得更亮，从而增强视觉信号。此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to make。 48．考查定语从句。句意：荧光有多种形式，但都涉及光的吸收和低水平的发射，这通常类似于发光。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a low-level emission，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：1911年的一篇学术论文发现人类头发可以在紫外线下发光，人类和兔子是首批被证明具有荧光特性的哺乳动物。此空考查非谓语，the first mammals与show 为被动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用过去分词作后置定语。故填shown。 50．考查介词。句意：多年来，一些研究已经确定了具有荧光能力的特定单个物种，并提供了未经证实的基于故事的证据。此处表示“具有”，用介词with。故填with。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市宝山区·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There are few scary legends that survive the centuries to bother the next generation, but one such creature’s strange tale has persisted over a millennium. On May 2,1933, an unattributed article appeared in a Scottish local newspaper. It carried the eyewitness account of a 51 (marry) couple who claimed they had spotted a large creature in the waters of Loch Ness. According to the report, “The creature entertained itself, rolling for fully a minute, its body looking like 52 of a whale, and the water falling down rapidly.” In the Scottish Highlands, Loch Ness is a 22.5-mile-long lake, nearly two miles across at its widest point, and its waters 53 reach a depth of 788 feet. The article noted that for centuries it 54 (credit) with being the home of a fearsome-looking monster. It hinted that 55 the couple had seen might be the creature that had inspired stories of the mythical water spirit or shape-shifting water horse of Celtic legend. Three months after the couple’s sighting, the same newspaper published a letter from a Londoner named George Spicer, 56 claimed that while driving with his wife around Loch Ness he’d seen a strange creature cross the road in front of him. “I saw the nearest approach 57 a dragon or prehistoric animal that I have ever seen in my life.” he wrote. In the weeks 58 (follow) the article’s publication, Campbell wrote more stories on the subject for the Scottish media. In one article Campbell stated, “Many people in the area now think that the ‘monster’ is indeed a prehistoric creature.” And he announced with confidence, “It is certain 59 (see) again.” Catching wind of the strange story, the national newspaper The Scotsman sent journalist Philip Stalker to Loch Ness. Stalker filed a report that included an eyewitness account from Alex Campbell, who claimed that 60 he hadn’t believed in the monster at first, he’d later seen a long-necked creature for himself. Campbell would emerge as a key witness, eventually claiming to have seen the creature on 18 occasions, sometimes at close range. He was, in a sense, the man who invented the monster. 【答案】 51．married 52．that 53．can 54．had been credited 55．what 56．who 57．to 58．following 59．to be seen 60．although/though 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了尼斯湖水怪的传说起源和相关目击事件，包括1933年一对夫妇的目击、George Spicer的证词以及Alex Campbell的多次观察，强调这一神秘生物在苏格兰尼斯湖的持久传说。 51．考查形容词。句意：它刊载了一对已婚夫妇的目击报告，他们称在尼斯湖的水域中看到了一个巨大的生物。修饰名词couple用形容词married。故填married。 52．考查代词。句意：据该报告所述：“那生物自我娱乐了一分钟之久，它身体翻滚的动作持续了足足一分钟，其身体形态宛如鲸鱼一般，而水珠则迅速地向下流淌。”设空处位于“looking like”后，需用代词“that”指代前文的“body”，避免重复名词，符合比较结构。故填that。 53．考查情态动词。句意：在苏格兰高地，尼斯湖是一个长 22.5 英里、最宽处达近两英里的湖泊，湖水最深处可达788英尺。表示能力，湖水“能”达到 788 英尺深用情态动词can。故填can。 54．考查时态语态。句意：这篇文章指出，数百年来，这里一直被认为是一个有着可怕模样的怪物的栖息地。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且表示过去的过去，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been credited。 55．考查主语从句。句意：它暗示，这对夫妇所见到的景象，或许正是那个曾激发了有关凯尔特神话中神秘水灵或能变形的水马故事的生物。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，故用连接代词what引导。故填what。 56．考查定语从句。句意：在这对夫妇目击事件发生三个月后，同一家报纸刊登了一封来自一位名叫乔治·斯派塞的伦敦人的来信，信中称，他与妻子驾车在尼斯湖附近行驶时，曾看到一个奇怪的生物从他们面前的马路上横穿而过。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词George Spicer，在从句作主语，指人。故填who。 57．考查介词。句意：“我亲眼目睹了这辈子见过的最接近龙或史前动物的生物了。”他写道。短语approach to表示“接近”。故填to。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：在该文章发表后的几周里，坎贝尔为苏格兰媒体撰写了更多有关这个主题的报道。空处作后置定语，修饰weeks，用following表示“接下来的”。故填following。 59．考查非谓语动词。句意：他满怀信心地宣布：“它肯定会再次出现的。”此处为be certain to do sth.，且see与it构成被动关系，故用to be done形式。故填to be seen。 60．考查状语从句。句意：斯塔克尔提交了一份报告，其中包含了亚历克斯·坎贝尔的目击证词。坎贝尔称，起初他并不相信有这种怪物存在，但后来他亲眼看到了一种长脖子的生物。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”用although/though。故填although/though。 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·上海市大同中学·期末） Cats have the power to glow in the dark, scientists discover Cats always land on their feet and are seen as a symbol of good luck in some cultures. They enjoy nine lives. But now the cat folk story has received an extra boost as scientists have found they can even glow in the dark. The domestic cat is one of 125 species that 1 (find) to have fluorescent (荧光的) properties that make them glow under UV light. This ability has been noted in various animals, including humans, but it was never known 2 widespread it was. Scientists in Australia reviewed a museum’s collection of mammals to see how many glowed in the dark 3 a UV light was turned on. They found 125 species had the ability. The research found that all 27 orders(目)—the level above genus(属)— 4 (have) members that possessed fluorescent properties. “Fluorescence was most common and most intense among night-active species, with more of their body 5 (be) more fluorescent,” the study authors said. “ 6 remains unclear whether fluorescence has any specific biological role for mammals. It appears to be a common property of colorless fur and skin. But it may function 7 (make) these areas appear brighter therefore enhancing visual signaling. This is especially true for night-active species.” There are various forms of fluorescence, but all involve the absorption of light and a low-level emission, 8 often resembles a glow. The role of this phenomenon in nature remains unknown but is likely to help animals of the same species communicate. People and rabbits were the first mammals 9 (show) to have fluorescent properties when an academic paper in 1911 found human hair could emit light in the UV range. Over the years, a few studies have identified specific individual species 10 fluorescent capabilities and provided unproven story-based evidence. 【答案】 1．have been found 2．how 3．when 4．had 5．being 6．It 7．to make 8．which 9．shown 10．with 【来源】2024-2025学年高二下学期期末英语试题（含听力） 【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家发现家猫等125种哺乳动物具有荧光特性，在紫外线下会发光，该现象在夜间活动物种中更常见，其生物学作用尚不明确，可能与视觉信号交流有关。 1．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：家猫是被发现具有荧光特性的125个物种之一，这些特性使它们在紫外线下发光。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语that（指代先行词species）与find为被动关系，且动作对现在有影响，用现在完成时的被动语态；that是复数意义，助动词用have。故填 have been found。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：这种能力在包括人类在内的各种动物中都有记载，但从未有人知道它的普及程度如何。空处引导宾语从句，修饰widespread，表程度，用连接代词how引导。故填how。 3．考查状语从句。句意：澳大利亚的科学家们查看了一家博物馆的哺乳动物藏品，想看看当紫外线灯打开时，有多少会在黑暗中发光。空处引导从句，表示“当……”，用when引导构成时间状语从句。故填when。 4．考查动词时态。句意：研究发现，所有27个目（属以上的分类级别）都有具有荧光特性的成员。空处为主句谓语动词，all 27 orders与have为主动关系，主句为一般过去时，从句动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填had。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究作者说：“荧光在夜间活动的物种中最常见，也最强烈，它们身体的更多部位具有更强的荧光性。”这里考查“with + 宾语 + 宾补”结构，body与be为主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。故填being。 6．考查形式主语。句意：目前尚不清楚荧光对哺乳动物是否有任何特定的生物学作用。真正主语为 whether引导的从句，这里应用it作形式主语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填It。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：但它的功能可能是使这些区域显得更亮，从而增强视觉信号。此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to make。 8．考查定语从句。句意：荧光有多种形式，但都涉及光的吸收和低水平的发射，这通常类似于发光。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a low-level emission，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：1911年的一篇学术论文发现人类头发可以在紫外线下发光，人类和兔子是首批被证明具有荧光特性的哺乳动物。此空考查非谓语，the first mammals与show 为被动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用过去分词作后置定语。故填shown。 10．考查介词。句意：多年来，一些研究已经确定了具有荧光能力的特定单个物种，并提供了未经证实的基于故事的证据。此处表示“具有”，用介词with。故填with。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市杨浦高级中学·期末） Myths and Facts about Growing Taller As soon as they walk into a room, tall people command attention. They also enjoy some advantages, such as 11 (consider) attractive (especially for men). Tall people also tend to have higher status jobs and consequently earn more money than others. It’s no wonder that many young people are concerned about growing as tall as possible. There are many myths about growth and height in circulation, though, so let’s examine them and find out the truth. Myth: A person’s height is completely determined by genes. Fact: Genes do play a role, 12 (determine) about 60 to 80 percent of a person’s height. But the rest is influenced by environmental factors, of which nutrition during childhood is 13 (important). Without enough vitamins, minerals, and protein, children do not become as tall as their genes would allow. Myth: Caffeine stops children from growing. Fact: Drinking normal amounts of coffee won’t affect growth. A child or teenager can have a cup of coffee or tea 14 no ill effects on height. However, Overconsumption of caffeine may negatively affect growth because it interferes with sleep, 15 is when most growth happens. Myth: Stretching or hanging upside down can make you taller. Fact: It’s not clear 16 this is true or not. Some evidence indicates that stretching can increase height while one 17 (grow). But this doesn’t work 18 one is fully grown. Hanging upside down makes one taller temporarily, but this may not make a lasting difference. Understanding 19 growth happens can help people make decisions. For young people who are still growing, a healthy diet is the best way for them to maximize their height.   Adults past their early 20s don’t have many ways to permanently change their height. They have to rely on measures like tall shoes, inserts and certain types of clothing. But remember that 20 you’re not as tall as you would like, your character and choices are more important. 【答案】 11．being considered 12．determining 13．the most important 14．with 15．which 16．whether 17．is growing 18．after 19．how 20．even if/even though 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文针对一些关于长高的常见误区进行剖析并阐述事实。 【详解】11．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们也享有一些优势，比如被认为有吸引力（尤其对男性来说）。“such as”后接动名词，“they”与“consider”之间是逻辑被动关系，即他们被认为，所以用动名词的被动形式“being considered”。故填being considered。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：基因确实起作用，决定了一个人身高的 60% 到 80%。“genes”与 “determine”之间是主动关系，即基因决定……，用现在分词作状语，表示伴随情况。故填determining。 13．考查形容词最高级。句意：但其余部分受环境因素影响，其中儿童时期的营养是最重要的。根据语境，在众多环境因素中，营养是“最重要的”，用形容词最高级，“important”的最高级形式是“the most important”。故填the most important。 14．考查介词。句意：儿童或青少年喝一杯咖啡或茶，对身高没有不良影响。“with no ill effects on...” 表示“对…… 没有不良影响”，with 表示伴随情况。故填with。 15．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，过量摄入咖啡因可能会对生长产生负面影响，因为它会干扰睡眠，而睡眠是大部分生长发生的时候。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是 “sleep”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which 引导。故填which。 16．考查主语从句引导词。句意：这是否正确还不清楚。“whether...or not”是固定搭配，引导主从句，意为“是否”。故填whether。 17．考查时态。句意：一些证据表明，在一个人正在生长的时候，拉伸可以增加身高。根据语境，这里强调在生长这个动作进行的过程中，拉伸有效果，用现在进行时，主语“one”是单数，be 动词用is，“grow”的现在分词是“growing”。故填is growing。 18．考查连词。句意：但一个人完全成年后，这就不起作用了。根据语境，这里说的是在成年之后，拉伸等方法就无法让身高增长了，“after”表示“在…… 之后”，引导时间状语从句。故填after。 19．考查宾语从句引导词。句意：了解生长是如何发生的可以帮助人们做出决定。“Understanding” 后接宾语从句，根据语境，这里表示了解生长“如何” 发生，用how引导，在从句中作方式状语。故填how。 20．考查连词。句意：但要记住，即使你没有达到你想要的身高，你的性格和选择更重要。根据语境，前后句是让步关系，“even if/even though”意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句。故填even if/even though。 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市浦东新区南汇中学·期末） The Art of Persuasion Persuasion is the art of influencing others’ thoughts, feelings and actions. It’s about convincing people to see things from your perspective, adopt your ideas or take specific actions. When you’re negotiating a business deal or simply trying to get your point across, persuasion 21 (play) a crucial role. Employers place a great value on employees with persuasion skills 22 they can impact several aspects of job performance. Besides, teamwork and leadership rely heavily on the power of persuasion to get things done. Without persuasion skills, employees may not be as convinced of the importance of an organization’s vision and long-term mission. Effective use of persuasion skills will help get your coworkers about your ideas, 23 (motivate) them to achieve a common goal. In order to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace, you need to understand how to handle conflicts and reach agreements. Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion, but logic and reasoning are just as important. Before you can get somebody to agree with your goal, 24 they should pursue it is what you should help them understand. Using visual aids 25 can back up your ideas can help illustrate your ideas better. Successful persuasion skills 26 (base) on your ability to have positive interactions and maintain meaningful relationships with people. In order to maintain those relationships, you 27 be able to work in their best interests as well. Your coworkers are 28 (likely) to agree with you when they succeed alongside. The more they achieve and the greater progress they make, the more they trust your judgement and strength. We persuade and get 29 (persuade) every day. A vast majority of people favour cooperation and teamwork over traditional organizational structures; 30 likes to be told what to do or to be pushed around. Therefore, organizations and leaders should adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes. 【答案】 21．plays/is playing 22．because 23．motivating 24．why 25．that/which 26．are based 27．must/should 28．more likely 29．persuaded 30．nobody 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了说服的艺术，包括其重要性、在职场中的应用以及掌握这门艺术的方法等。 21．考查动词时态。句意：当你在谈判商业交易或只是试图让别人理解你的观点时，说服起着至关重要的作用。此处描述客观事实，可用一般现在时且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为plays；此处也可以强调现阶段的情况，使用现在进行时is playing。故填plays/is playing。 22．考查连词。句意：雇主非常重视具有说服技能的员工，因为他们可以影响工作表现的多个方面。根据句意，上下文之间为因果关系，所以此处用连词because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 23．考查非谓语动词。句意：有效运用说服技能将帮助同事接受你的想法，激励他们实现共同目标。此处为非谓语动词作状语，motivate与逻辑主语Effective use of persuasion skills为主动关系，用现在分词motivating。故填motivating。 24．考查主语从句。句意：在你让别人认同你的目标之前，你应该帮助他们理解为什么他们应该追求这个目标。此处为主语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，结合句意，此处表示原因，所以此处使用连接副词why。故填why。 25．考查定语从句。句意：使用可以支持你想法的视觉辅助工具可以帮助更好地阐述你的观点。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为visual aids，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。故填that/ which。 26．考查动词语态。句意：成功的说服技能基于你与他人进行积极互动并维持有意义关系的能力。此处为谓语动词，根据be based on意为“基于”可知，skills与base为被动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为are based，。故填are based。 27．考查情态动词。句意：为了维持这些关系，你必须/应该也能够为他们的最大利益工作。空后为动词原形，且此处无提示词，由此可知，此处为情态动词，结合句意，表示“必须”或“应该”，用情态动词must或should。故填must/should。 28．考查形容词比较级。句意：当同事与你一起成功时，他们更可能同意你的观点。根据when they succeed alongside可知，此处暗含比较的意义，所以此处用形容词比较级more likely，意为“更可能的”。故填more likely。 29．考查动词语态。句意：我们每天都在说服和被说服。空前为get，且此处persuade与主语we之间为被动关系，所以此处为“get done”结构，所以此处使用过去分词persuaded。故填persuaded。 30．考查代词。句意：绝大多数人喜欢合作和团队合作，而不是传统的组织结构；没有人喜欢被命令做什么或被摆布。此处为句子主语，结合句意，此处表否定意义，所以使用不定代词nobody，意为“没有人”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填nobody。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市七宝中学·期末） As a liberal arts teacher, it is my more often average to find myself obligated(不得不) to speak to my students about books that I haven’t read, 31 in the strict sense (having never opened them) or the attenuated(宽松的) sense (having only skimmed them or almost forgotten them). I am not sure whether I have dealt with this sort of situations better than my colleagues. But I have often attempted 32 (reassure) myself with the thought that those who are listening to me are no doubt on similar ground and are probably 33 (confident) about it than I am. Of course, there is always a risk that my class will be disrupted and I will find myself humiliated, if even one of my students has read the text I’m discussing. As a result of such all-too-familiar situations, I believe I am well positioned, if not to offer any real lesson on 34 to talk with others about unread books, at least to convey a deeper understanding of the non-reader’s experience. Admit it or not, we still live in a society, on the decline though it may be, 35 reading remains the object of a kind of worship. This worship 36 (apply) particularly to a number of books —the list may vary based on the circles one moves in —which it is practically forbidden not to have read if one wants to be taken seriously. To speak without shame about books we haven’t read, we would thus need to free ourselves of the oppressive image of cultural literacy 37 (impose) by school and society, for we can strive toward this image for a lifetime 38 ever managing to coincide with it. Truth destined for others is less important than truthfulness to ourselves, something attainable only by those who free themselves from the obligation to seem cultivated, which tyrannizes(欺压) us from within and prevents us from being ourselves. 【答案】31．whether 32．to reassure 33．more confident 34．how 35．where 36．applies 37．imposed 38．without 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了作者作为一名文学教师有义务向学生讲述没有读过的书，并陈述了自己的理由。 31．考查连词。句意：作为一名文学教师，我通常会发现自己有义务向学生讲述我没有读过的书，无论是从严格意义上讲（从未打开过）还是从弱化意义上说（只浏览过或几乎忘记了）。根据后文“in the strict sense (having never opened them) or the attenuated(宽松的) sense”可知作者要做这件事从两个相反的角度来考虑都应该向学生讲述这些书，此处表示，需用。故填whether。 32．考查非谓语动词。句意：但我经常试图让自己相信，那些听我演讲的人毫无疑问有着相似的基础，并且可能比我更有信心。分析句子结构可知，此处构成固定短语attempt to do试图做某事，需用不定式。故填to reassure。 33．考查比较级。句意同上题。根据后文“than I am”可知此处应使用比较级。故填more confident。 34．考查特殊疑问词。句意：由于如此熟悉的情况，我相信我已经做好了充分的准备，即使不能提供任何关于如何与他人谈论未读书籍的真正课程，至少也能传达对非读者体验的更深入理解。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“如何与他人谈论未读书籍”，需用疑问词+不定式做介词on的宾语，此处应使用疑问词what做动词talk的宾语。故填what。 35．考查定语从句引导词。句意：不管你承认与否，我们仍然生活在一个社会中，尽管它可能正在衰落，但在这个社会中阅读仍然是一种崇拜的对象。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是society，定语从句缺少地点状语，应使用关系副词where，故填where。 36．考查动词时态。句意：这种崇拜尤其适用于许多书籍—列表可能会根据你所进入的圈子而有所不同—如果你想被认真对待，实际上是禁止不读的。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“适用于”，本篇文章讨论的是目前的一种状态，需用一般现在时，主语是This worship, 故填applies。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：要毫不羞耻地谈论我们没有读过的书，我们需要摆脱学校和社会强加的文化素养的压迫形象。分析句子结构可知，此处动词impose用作定语修饰名词cultural literacy,二者之间是逻辑上的被动关系，需用过去分词。故填imposed。 38．考查介词。句意：因为我们可以为这一形象奋斗一生，而不必设法与之相吻合。分析句子结构可知，此处表示我们为这一形象奋斗而不是可以迎合设法与之相吻合，需用介词without，故填without。 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市浦东新区东昌中学·期末） Visiting Anting Old Street made me rethink the story of my journey from Türkiye to China. My major 39 (intend) of coming was to get to know China’s history and culture more deeply, and I knew that doing so would require me to experience life on its streets. My visit to this street in Shanghai seemed 40 (prove) this. Dating from the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644), Anting Old Street is still lined with workshops producing handicrafts, carvings and paintings, along 41 antique shops. Biking from shop to shop, I stopped when I saw a group dancing guangchangwu, a type of dance 42 (practice) in public squares across China. People in Türkiye are also very interested in dances. I remember when I first saw it here it made me feel at home, 43 is probably why I’m so fascinated by it. After watching the dancers, I continued my exploration, stopping close to Yansi Bridge that 44 (build) in 1374. Some friendly locals told me the bridge gets its name from the Yanjing and Sijing rivers. The end of the street takes travelers even 45 (far) back in time, with the Puti Temple of the year 239. Walking through the temple’s tree-lined grounds brings 46 sense of peace. Shanghai is 47 (true) an admirable city with a new surprise around every corner. Over the years the city 48 (create) harmony between modern life and its rich heritage full of historical sites. 【答案】 39．intention 40．to prove 41．with 42．practiced 43．which 44．was built 45．further 46．a 47．truly 48．has created 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己游览上海安亭老街的经历，在老街看到了传统的手工艺品作坊、跳广场舞的人群、古桥以及古寺等，感受到了上海这座城市在现代生活和丰富历史遗迹之间营造出的和谐氛围。 39．考查名词。句意：我来这里的主要目的是更深入地了解中国的历史和文化，我知道这样做需要我去体验街头的生活。根据空前的形容词性物主代词“my major”可知，空处应填名词作主语，且此处表示“主要目的”，用单数形式。故填intention。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：我对上海这条老街的访问似乎证明了这一点。固定搭配seem to do sth.表示“似乎做某事”，所以空处需填动词不定式to prove作句子的宾语成分。故填to prove。 41．考查固定搭配。句意：安亭老街始建于明朝（1368—1644年），至今仍有制作手工艺品、雕刻和绘画的作坊，以及古玩店。“along with”是固定短语，意为“连同；以及”，用于连接并列的“workshops producing handicrafts, carvings and paintings”与“antique shops”。故填with。 42．考查非谓语动词。句意：骑着自行车从一家店逛到另一家店，当我看到一群人在跳广场舞时停了下来，广场舞是一种在中国各地广场上都能看到的舞蹈形式。分析句子结构，“a type of dance”与practice之间为被动关系，空处用过去分词practiced作后置定语修饰dance，表示“被练习的舞蹈”。故填practiced。 43．考查定语从句。句意：我记得当我第一次在这里看到它时，它让我有宾至如归的感觉，这可能就是我如此着迷的原因。分析句子结构，空处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子“when I first saw it here it made me feel at home”，关系词在从句中作主语，空处应用which引导该从句。故填which。 44．考查动词时态和语态。句意：看完跳舞的人后，我继续我的探索，在建于1374年的严泗桥附近停了下来。根据时间状语“in 1374”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，又因为“Yansi Bridge”与“build”之间为被动关系，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语“Yansi Bridge”为单数，be动词用was。故填was built。 45．考查形容词比较级。句意：街道的尽头能让游客的思绪回到更久远的过去，那里有建于公元239年的菩提寺。前文提到安亭老街有始建于明朝的建筑等，而街道尽头菩提寺的年代（公元239年）比这些更久远，“even”常用来修饰比较级，强调程度上“更……”，所以空处用“far”的比较级“further”，体现出时间回溯得“更久远”。故填further。 46．考查冠词。句意：漫步在寺庙绿树成荫的庭院里，会带来一种宁静的感觉。a sense of...为固定短语，意为“一种……的感觉”，此处表示“一种宁静的感觉”，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 47．考查副词。句意：上海确实是一座令人钦佩的城市，每个角落都有新的惊喜。空处修饰系动词is，应用副词truly作状语，表示“确实，真正地”。故填truly。 48．考查动词时态。句意：多年来，这座城市在现代生活和充满历史遗迹的丰富遗产之间创造了和谐。根据时间状语“Over the years”可知，空处表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时，主语“the city”为单数，助动词应用has。故填has created。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市普陀区桃浦中学·期末） Wildlife in decline The populations of the Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物) have declined by 69% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2022 published by the World Wildlife Fund. Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching (偷猎) are in large part 49 (blame) for the decline. 50 the trend continues, the world will lose two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet 51 this rate will decrease,” the report says. “Across land, freshwater and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge,” says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International. The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The study included 3,700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3,000 sources, including government statistics and surveys 52 (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analysed 53 the population sizes had changed over time. Lambertini said some groups of animals had done 54 (bad) than others. “We do see particularly strong declines in the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water 55 (use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation (分裂) of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.” The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, 56 have suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing. 57 all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven’t yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman, head of the Zoological Society of London. “On the whole, they are not dying out, and that 58 (mean) we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.” 【答案】 49．to blame 50．If 51．that 52．carried 53．how 54．worse 55．is used 56．which 57．Despite 58．means 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了地球野生脊椎动物数量下降及原因。 【详解】49．考查固定短语。句意：气候变化以及森林砍伐和偷猎等活动在很大程度上是造成这种下降的原因。be to blame for为固定短语，意为“对……应负责任；应该为某事负责任”。故填to blame。 50．考查条件状语从句。句意：如果这种趋势继续下去，世界将失去三分之二的脊椎动物生物多样性。句子为条件状语从句，空格处单词引导从句，意为“如果”，应用if引导从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填If。 51．考查同位语从句。句意：报告称：“可悲的是，目前还没有迹象表明这一比率会下降。”空格处引导的是同位语从句，解释说明sign的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，应用that引导从句。故填that。 52．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究小组从3000多个来源收集了数据，包括政府统计数据和保护组织进行的调查。句中有谓语动词collected且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，surveys与carry out之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故空格处应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填carried。 53．考查宾语从句。句意：然后，他们分析了种群数量是如何随时间变化的。空格处引导的是宾语从句，根据句意和句中“changed”可知，句子应用how引导从句，意为“如何，怎样”，在从句中作方式状语。故填how。 54．考查比较级。句意：兰贝蒂尼说，有些动物群体的情况比其他群体更糟。根据句意和句中“than”可知，句子应用比较级，bad的比较级为worse“更糟糕的”。故填worse。 55．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这与水的使用方式和从淡水系统中取水的方式有关，也与通过筑坝等方式使淡水系统破碎化有关。根据句意和句中“is”可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，空格处是that引导的定语从句的谓语动词，water和use之间为被动关系，故从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，water为不可数名词，be动词使用is。故填is used。 56．考查定语从句。句意：报告还强调了其他物种，如近年来数量大幅下降的非洲象和受到过度捕捞威胁的鲨鱼。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词African elephants指物，故应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 57．考查介词。句意：然而，尽管有这些可怕的事实，一些自然保护主义者表示仍有希望。根据句意可知，前后句为让步关系，空后为名词短语，应用介词despite“尽管”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Despite。 58．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：总的来说，它们并没有灭绝，这意味着我们仍然有机会对这种下降采取一些措施。根据句意和句中“have”可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，that指代上文提到的事情，为单数，故mean应用第三人称单数形式。故填means。 1 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 语法填空 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高二·上海市黄浦区格致中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Finnish architect observes city’s shifting rhythms Almost every day, Finnish architect Jarmo Suominen rides his bike through Shanghai — not toward a destination, but into the city’s rhythm. He carries no map. Beneath clotheslines and tangled wires, he stops to observe and sketch. For Suominen, a professor at Tongji University, curiosity fuels both his work and life. His students call him Sou Sou, meaning “search” — a nickname 1 reflects his constant exploration. His bike rides are a form of engagement — a way to witness 2 people and places interact. “In Shanghai, you never know what you’ll find,” he told Shanghai Daily. “You turn down an alley (小巷子) and suddenly you’re in a hidden garden behind a dead-end. People create these little worlds. It’s amazing.” He values Shanghai’s “sensitive renewal,” a process 3 (drive) as much by residents as by government departments. “The street is 4 life happens,” he said. “The government might renovate facades (外立面), but inside, people make small, gradual upgrades. It’s not about replacing everything, but about letting people shape their future.” One of his favorite examples is a car repair shop near his home. “Every night, it transforms into a nightclub 5 talks, performances and movie screenings. It wasn’t designed to be one — it just became one.” For Suominen, the street is a canvas, always evolving with the people inhabiting it. A man playing saxophone in an alley or a chess game under sycamores (梧桐树) 6 (become), through his eyes, a sign of constant transformation. “The soul of a place,” he said, “isn’t in the architecture. It’s in the life around 7 : the feeling that you’re welcome, 8 you’re a stranger.” Suominen has filled more than 20 sketchbooks with these scenes, each 9 (reveal) the dynamic interplay between people and space. “In older neighborhoods, you see lives spilling into the streets — something unique to China, especially Shanghai,” he added. “In Finland, where the cold keeps people inside, you 10 hardly observe people’s values and habits in the same way.” Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市建平中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chasing Happiness Can Backfire Nobody needs to be taught that life is hard-we quickly learn that ourselves. But what many people 11 (teach) — sometimes subtly, sometimes explicitly (直白地) — is that life only starts after the hard parts go away. That if you’re feeling anxious, you need to fix it before you can speak up. That if you’re grieving, you can’t begin again unless you wait 12 the sadness is gone. The mental rule is 13 you save to avoid feeling bad to feel good, and you need to feel good so that you will be able to do good. But it’s a trap. And it’s one we fall into because it almost makes sense. We’re adapted to 14 (fix) problems. When we touch a hot stove, we pull our hand away. When we treat illness, we expect recovery. But the world inside our skin plays 15 a different rule: when it comes to thoughts and feelings, trying to eliminate pain often makes it 16 (bad). The human mind is such an amazing tool 17 allows us to imagine, plan, evaluate, and create. But that same mind also tells us we shouldn’t be feeling what we’ re feeling . It whispers: “You have to get rid of this first. You have to feel better before you can move forward.” In sence, this process is called “experiential avoidance” or “EA” and it’s one of the most textic ways 18 (involve) in the world. The more we begin to organize our lives around not feeling certain things, the more we numb ourselves, and the more our lives will shrink. But there’s another form of EA．It is based on slight alteration of that same rule: you have to hang on 19 feeling good or you will feel bad. The fact is, the more we chase “happiness” in a 20 (cling) fashion, the more it flees away! In science this process is called “experiential attachment”, another form of “EA” that is just as toxic to our well-being as the first kind. 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市海华东师范大学附属进华中学·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How to cope with academic stress A lot of teens are struggling 21 cope with academic stress. 22 stress can motivate you to work harder, it can also have the opposite results. If your goals are unrealistic, you will feel 23 (disappoint) about your performance, no matter how well you do. High-performing students are able to set realistic goals and are well prepared. Since they divide their work into reasonable daily and weekly targets, they tend to be less stressed about their exams. Reward yourself when you are 24 (do) with your daily tasks, for instance by watching an episode of your favorite show. It is also good to find a hobby that you are interested in, preferably 25 that allows you to have a social life. Teenagers who are 26 (involve) in club activities generally cope better with stress. Rest is an essential part of any work schedule. 27 you do, remember to get enough sleep. A good night’s sleep is crucial for maintaining normal concentration and focus, 28 a healthy body and mind. Long-term stress and a constant lack of sleep can have serious consequences. While teens often have mood swings, these could also be the first signs of mental health problems. Teenagers 29 seem depressed and avoid social interactions may need support, and friends and family can be a huge source of comfort. If you’re struggling yourself, find someone you can talk to. Finally, remember that there’s 30 wrong with seeking professional help. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It’s interesting when you think about how Japan is a nation 31 appreciates the virtues of silence and good manners, and yet when it comes to eating noodles, Japanese people can be 32 (loud) in the world. According to lifestyle website grapee.jp, slurping (发出"哧溜"声) when eating noodles 33 (encourage) in Japanese culture. It’s believed that taking air into your mouth 34 enhance the flavor of the noodles, and that it helps cool down the noodles. It’s also considered to be a way to show appreciation for the dish. Sometimes, just making the noise alone seems to make the noodles more enjoyable. It wasn’t until a new expression – “noodle harassment(骚扰)”-- came out last year on social media 35 Japanese people started to realize that the slurping noise is making some foreign visitors uncomfortable. 36 a response, Japanese instant noodle maker Nissin introduced a so-called noise-canceling fork last month. The fork, which looks like an electric toothbrush, is connected wirelessly to a smart phone. When the person using the fork starts to slurp, the fork sends a signal to the person’s phone, 37 (make) it play a sound to mask the slurping noise. But is it really necessary? Dining traditions do vary.   38 is considered to be proper table manners in one country is likely to be seen as rude in another. In India, people eat with their hands 39 they think in this way they build a connection with the food. However, people who are used to eating with forks might find it uncomfortable to get their hands 40 (cover) in oil and bits of food. But this eating method is part of Indian's culture, just like Japan's slurping is part of its own. “So, if your are eating noodles, whether that’s ramen, uudon, or soba, please slurp,” wrote reporter Brian Ashcraft on blog Kotaku. “If anyone gets annoyed while you are doing that, pay them no mind because they're missing the point entirely.” 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市静安区·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Cats have the power to glow in the dark, scientists discover Cats always land on their feet and are seen as a symbol of good luck in some cultures. They enjoy nine lives. But now the cat folk story has received an extra boost as scientists have found they can even glow in the dark. The domestic cat is one of 125 species that 41 (find) to have fluorescent (荧光的) properties that make them glow under UV light. This ability has been noted in various animals, including humans, but it was never known 42 widespread it was. Scientists in Australia reviewed a museum’s collection of mammals to see how many glowed in the dark 43 a UV light was turned on. They found 125 species had the ability. The research found that all 27 orders(目)—the level above genus(属)— 44 (have) members that possessed fluorescent properties. “Fluorescence was most common and most intense among night-active species, with more of their body 45 (be) more fluorescent,” the study authors said. “ 46 remains unclear whether fluorescence has any specific biological role for mammals. It appears to be a common property of colorless fur and skin. But it may function 47 (make) these areas appear brighter therefore enhancing visual signaling. This is especially true for night-active species.” There are various forms of fluorescence, but all involve the absorption of light and a low-level emission, 48 often resembles a glow. The role of this phenomenon in nature remains unknown but is likely to help animals of the same species communicate. People and rabbits were the first mammals 49 (show) to have fluorescent properties when an academic paper in 1911 found human hair could emit light in the UV range. Over the years, a few studies have identified specific individual species 50 fluorescent capabilities and provided unproven story-based evidence. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市宝山区·期末） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There are few scary legends that survive the centuries to bother the next generation, but one such creature’s strange tale has persisted over a millennium. On May 2,1933, an unattributed article appeared in a Scottish local newspaper. It carried the eyewitness account of a 51 (marry) couple who claimed they had spotted a large creature in the waters of Loch Ness. According to the report, “The creature entertained itself, rolling for fully a minute, its body looking like 52 of a whale, and the water falling down rapidly.” In the Scottish Highlands, Loch Ness is a 22.5-mile-long lake, nearly two miles across at its widest point, and its waters 53 reach a depth of 788 feet. The article noted that for centuries it 54 (credit) with being the home of a fearsome-looking monster. It hinted that 55 the couple had seen might be the creature that had inspired stories of the mythical water spirit or shape-shifting water horse of Celtic legend. Three months after the couple’s sighting, the same newspaper published a letter from a Londoner named George Spicer, 56 claimed that while driving with his wife around Loch Ness he’d seen a strange creature cross the road in front of him. “I saw the nearest approach 57 a dragon or prehistoric animal that I have ever seen in my life.” he wrote. In the weeks 58 (follow) the article’s publication, Campbell wrote more stories on the subject for the Scottish media. In one article Campbell stated, “Many people in the area now think that the ‘monster’ is indeed a prehistoric creature.” And he announced with confidence, “It is certain 59 (see) again.” Catching wind of the strange story, the national newspaper The Scotsman sent journalist Philip Stalker to Loch Ness. Stalker filed a report that included an eyewitness account from Alex Campbell, who claimed that 60 he hadn’t believed in the monster at first, he’d later seen a long-necked creature for himself. Campbell would emerge as a key witness, eventually claiming to have seen the creature on 18 occasions, sometimes at close range. He was, in a sense, the man who invented the monster. 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·上海市大同中学·期末） Cats have the power to glow in the dark, scientists discover Cats always land on their feet and are seen as a symbol of good luck in some cultures. They enjoy nine lives. But now the cat folk story has received an extra boost as scientists have found they can even glow in the dark. The domestic cat is one of 125 species that 1 (find) to have fluorescent (荧光的) properties that make them glow under UV light. This ability has been noted in various animals, including humans, but it was never known 2 widespread it was. Scientists in Australia reviewed a museum’s collection of mammals to see how many glowed in the dark 3 a UV light was turned on. They found 125 species had the ability. The research found that all 27 orders(目)—the level above genus(属)— 4 (have) members that possessed fluorescent properties. “Fluorescence was most common and most intense among night-active species, with more of their body 5 (be) more fluorescent,” the study authors said. “ 6 remains unclear whether fluorescence has any specific biological role for mammals. It appears to be a common property of colorless fur and skin. But it may function 7 (make) these areas appear brighter therefore enhancing visual signaling. This is especially true for night-active species.” There are various forms of fluorescence, but all involve the absorption of light and a low-level emission, 8 often resembles a glow. The role of this phenomenon in nature remains unknown but is likely to help animals of the same species communicate. People and rabbits were the first mammals 9 (show) to have fluorescent properties when an academic paper in 1911 found human hair could emit light in the UV range. Over the years, a few studies have identified specific individual species 10 fluorescent capabilities and provided unproven story-based evidence. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市杨浦高级中学·期末） Myths and Facts about Growing Taller As soon as they walk into a room, tall people command attention. They also enjoy some advantages, such as 11 (consider) attractive (especially for men). Tall people also tend to have higher status jobs and consequently earn more money than others. It’s no wonder that many young people are concerned about growing as tall as possible. There are many myths about growth and height in circulation, though, so let’s examine them and find out the truth. Myth: A person’s height is completely determined by genes. Fact: Genes do play a role, 12 (determine) about 60 to 80 percent of a person’s height. But the rest is influenced by environmental factors, of which nutrition during childhood is 13 (important). Without enough vitamins, minerals, and protein, children do not become as tall as their genes would allow. Myth: Caffeine stops children from growing. Fact: Drinking normal amounts of coffee won’t affect growth. A child or teenager can have a cup of coffee or tea 14 no ill effects on height. However, Overconsumption of caffeine may negatively affect growth because it interferes with sleep, 15 is when most growth happens. Myth: Stretching or hanging upside down can make you taller. Fact: It’s not clear 16 this is true or not. Some evidence indicates that stretching can increase height while one 17 (grow). But this doesn’t work 18 one is fully grown. Hanging upside down makes one taller temporarily, but this may not make a lasting difference. Understanding 19 growth happens can help people make decisions. For young people who are still growing, a healthy diet is the best way for them to maximize their height.   Adults past their early 20s don’t have many ways to permanently change their height. They have to rely on measures like tall shoes, inserts and certain types of clothing. But remember that 20 you’re not as tall as you would like, your character and choices are more important. 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市浦东新区南汇中学·期末） The Art of Persuasion Persuasion is the art of influencing others’ thoughts, feelings and actions. It’s about convincing people to see things from your perspective, adopt your ideas or take specific actions. When you’re negotiating a business deal or simply trying to get your point across, persuasion 21 (play) a crucial role. Employers place a great value on employees with persuasion skills 22 they can impact several aspects of job performance. Besides, teamwork and leadership rely heavily on the power of persuasion to get things done. Without persuasion skills, employees may not be as convinced of the importance of an organization’s vision and long-term mission. Effective use of persuasion skills will help get your coworkers about your ideas, 23 (motivate) them to achieve a common goal. In order to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace, you need to understand how to handle conflicts and reach agreements. Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion, but logic and reasoning are just as important. Before you can get somebody to agree with your goal, 24 they should pursue it is what you should help them understand. Using visual aids 25 can back up your ideas can help illustrate your ideas better. Successful persuasion skills 26 (base) on your ability to have positive interactions and maintain meaningful relationships with people. In order to maintain those relationships, you 27 be able to work in their best interests as well. Your coworkers are 28 (likely) to agree with you when they succeed alongside. The more they achieve and the greater progress they make, the more they trust your judgement and strength. We persuade and get 29 (persuade) every day. A vast majority of people favour cooperation and teamwork over traditional organizational structures; 30 likes to be told what to do or to be pushed around. Therefore, organizations and leaders should adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市七宝中学·期末） As a liberal arts teacher, it is my more often average to find myself obligated(不得不) to speak to my students about books that I haven’t read, 31 in the strict sense (having never opened them) or the attenuated(宽松的) sense (having only skimmed them or almost forgotten them). I am not sure whether I have dealt with this sort of situations better than my colleagues. But I have often attempted 32 (reassure) myself with the thought that those who are listening to me are no doubt on similar ground and are probably 33 (confident) about it than I am. Of course, there is always a risk that my class will be disrupted and I will find myself humiliated, if even one of my students has read the text I’m discussing. As a result of such all-too-familiar situations, I believe I am well positioned, if not to offer any real lesson on 34 to talk with others about unread books, at least to convey a deeper understanding of the non-reader’s experience. Admit it or not, we still live in a society, on the decline though it may be, 35 reading remains the object of a kind of worship. This worship 36 (apply) particularly to a number of books —the list may vary based on the circles one moves in —which it is practically forbidden not to have read if one wants to be taken seriously. To speak without shame about books we haven’t read, we would thus need to free ourselves of the oppressive image of cultural literacy 37 (impose) by school and society, for we can strive toward this image for a lifetime 38 ever managing to coincide with it. Truth destined for others is less important than truthfulness to ourselves, something attainable only by those who free themselves from the obligation to seem cultivated, which tyrannizes(欺压) us from within and prevents us from being ourselves. 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高二下·上海市浦东新区东昌中学·期末） Visiting Anting Old Street made me rethink the story of my journey from Türkiye to China. My major 39 (intend) of coming was to get to know China’s history and culture more deeply, and I knew that doing so would require me to experience life on its streets. My visit to this street in Shanghai seemed 40 (prove) this. Dating from the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644), Anting Old Street is still lined with workshops producing handicrafts, carvings and paintings, along 41 antique shops. Biking from shop to shop, I stopped when I saw a group dancing guangchangwu, a type of dance 42 (practice) in public squares across China. People in Türkiye are also very interested in dances. I remember when I first saw it here it made me feel at home, 43 is probably why I’m so fascinated by it. After watching the dancers, I continued my exploration, stopping close to Yansi Bridge that 44 (build) in 1374. Some friendly locals told me the bridge gets its name from the Yanjing and Sijing rivers. The end of the street takes travelers even 45 (far) back in time, with the Puti Temple of the year 239. Walking through the temple’s tree-lined grounds brings 46 sense of peace. Shanghai is 47 (true) an admirable city with a new surprise around every corner. Over the years the city 48 (create) harmony between modern life and its rich heritage full of historical sites. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市普陀区桃浦中学·期末） Wildlife in decline The populations of the Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物) have declined by 69% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2022 published by the World Wildlife Fund. Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching (偷猎) are in large part 49 (blame) for the decline. 50 the trend continues, the world will lose two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet 51 this rate will decrease,” the report says. “Across land, freshwater and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge,” says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International. The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The study included 3,700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3,000 sources, including government statistics and surveys 52 (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analysed 53 the population sizes had changed over time. Lambertini said some groups of animals had done 54 (bad) than others. “We do see particularly strong declines in the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water 55 (use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation (分裂) of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.” The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, 56 have suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing. 57 all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven’t yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman, head of the Zoological Society of London. “On the whole, they are not dying out, and that 58 (mean) we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.” 5 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 语法填空 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 1．that/which 2．how 3．driven 4．where 5．with 6．has become/becomes 7．it 8．even if/even though 9．revealing 10．can Passage 2 11．are taught 12．until 13．that 14．fixing 15．by 16．worse 17．as 18．to be involved 19．to 20．clinging 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 21．to 22．While/Although/Though 23．disappointed 24．done 25．one 26．involved 27．Whatever 28．and 29．who/that 30．nothing Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校·期末） 31．that 32．the loudest 33．is encouraged 34．can/may 35．that 36．As 37．making 38．What 39．because/as 40．covered 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 41．have been found 42．how 43．when 44．had 45．being 46．It 47．to make 48．which 49．shown 50．with Passage 2 51．married 52．that 53．can 54．had been credited 55．what 56．who 57．to 58．following 59．to be seen 60．although/though 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 1．have been found 2．how 3．when 4．had 5．being 6．It 7．to make 8．which 9．shown 10．with Passage 2 11．being considered 12．determining 13．the most important 14．with 15．which 16．whether 17．is growing 18．after 19．how 20．even if/even though 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 21．plays/is playing 22．because 23．motivating 24．why 25．that/which 26．are based 27．must/should 28．more likely 29．persuaded 30．nobody Passage 2 31．whether 32．to reassure 33．more confident 34．how 35．where 36．applies 37．imposed 38．Without 39．intention 40．to prove 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 41．with 42．practiced 43．which 44．was built 45．further 46．a 47．truly 48．has created Passage 2 49．to blame 50．If 51．that 52．carried 53．how 54．worse 55．is used 56．which 57．Despite 58．means 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $