专题08 阅读六选四（期末真题汇编，上海专用）高一英语下学期

**基本信息** 高中英语期末阅读六选四专题汇编，涵盖人与社会、自我、自然三大主题，精选上海金山中学等多校期末真题，注重时代情境与逻辑思维训练。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读六选四|6篇文章/24题|涵盖消费趋势（年轻一代消费行为）、大脑科学（游戏与脑活动）、绿色建筑（零碳标准）等话题|情境具时代性（社交媒体影响消费），设题重逻辑衔接（段落主旨与细节补充），适配高中期末阅读能力考查|

专题08 阅读六选四 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·上海市金山中学·期末） The young lead new trends in consumption market With the post-1990 generation becoming a vibrant (充满活力的) force in society and the post-2000 generation gradually entering the workforce, the purchasing power of the new generation of consumers has been steadily growing. 1 Growing up in the internet era, the young consumers generally have higher education levels and a broader global outlook, and come from a relatively strong economic background. As such, their consumption behavior is different from that of the earlier generations. In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. 2 This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media. And yet a trend toward rational consumption has been growing rapidly over the past few years. 3 Instead, they focus more on product quality and functionality. They tend to compare products and services, and do some research before making purchasing decisions, in order to get the best out of their purchase. According to a study conducted by the Social Survey Center of China Youth Daily, 90.1 percent of the 1,000 young respondents said their consumption decision is based on the “spending where necessary and saving where possible” principle. Besides, young consumers seek more personalized and diversified products, reflecting their emotional needs and increasing sense of self-worth. 4 When it comes to brand cognition, young consumers seem to favor domestic products. Thanks to information online, young consumers no longer blindly pursue foreign brands and instead prefer local brands, highlighting their confidence in Chinese-made products. From Li-Ning, Anta to Warrior shoes, domestic brands in various fields are being warmly welcomed by young consumers. A．Young consumers no longer blindly chase trendy or luxury items. B．They excel in using mobile devices and social media for getting information. C．Their tendency to pay much leads to the development of products and services. D．Their changing behaviors in consumption have promoted high-quality products. E．In fact, young people are slowly becoming the main force in the consumer market. F．They are willing to pay for products with unique features and innovative services. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．A 4．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了年轻人引领着消费市场的新潮流的现象。 1．根据后文“Growing up in the internet era, the young consumers generally have higher education levels and a broader global outlook, and come from a relatively strong economic background. As such, their consumption behavior is different from that of the earlier generations. (成长于互联网时代的年轻消费者，普遍具有更高的教育水平和更广阔的全球视野，并且有着相对强大的经济背景。因此，他们的消费行为与前几代人不同。)”可知，本段主要说明了年轻人在消费市场的影响。故E选项“事实上，年轻人正慢慢成为消费市场的主力军。”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据上文“In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. (在消费模式方面，网购已成为年轻人的首选。年轻人不仅在互联网用户中占比较高的比例，而且还倾向于在网上购物。)”以及后文“This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media. (这使得他们很容易受到产品促销和社交媒体上有影响力的人的影响。)”可知，后文提到年轻人很容易受到产品促销和社交媒体上有影响力的人的影响，故本句说明容易受影响的原因。故B选项“他们擅长使用移动设备和社交媒体获取信息。”符合语境，故选B。 3．根据后文“Instead, they focus more on product quality and functionality. (相反，他们更关注产品的质量和功能。)”可知，后文与本句的内容相反，本句是在说明年轻消费者不再追求的产品。故A选项“年轻消费者不再盲目追求时尚或奢侈品。”符合语境，故选A。 4．根据上文“Besides, young consumers seek more personalized and diversified products, reflecting their emotional needs and increasing sense of self-worth. (此外，年轻消费者寻求更加个性化和多样化的产品，反映了他们的情感需求和自我价值感的增强。)”可知，上文提到年轻消费者寻求更加个性化和多样化的产品，本句为本段最后一句，总结这一行为是愿意为具有独特功能和创新服务的产品付费。故F选项“他们愿意为具有独特功能和创新服务的产品付费。”符合语境，故选F。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市控江中学·期末） “When I was a kid, we were out and about all the time, playing with our friends, in and out of each other’s houses, sandwich in pocket, making our own entertainment. Our parents hardly saw us from morning to night.” This is roughly what you will hear if you ask anyone over 30 about their childhood in a rich country. Today such children will spend most of their time indoors, be driven everywhere rather than walk or cycle, take part in many more organised activities. 5 Parents want to protect their offspring from traffic, crime and other dangers in what they see as a more dangerous world, and to give them every opportunity to flourish. 6 They range from broad social and demographic (人口的) trends such as urbanisation, changes in family structure and the large-scale move of women into the labour force to the march of digital technology. Start with the physical environment in which children are growing up. In rich countries the overwhelming majority now lead urban lives. Almost 80% of people live in cities, which have many advantages, including better opportunities for work, education, culture and leisure. But these often come at a cost: expensive housing, overcrowding, lack of green space, heavy traffic, high air pollution and a sense of living among strangers rather than in a close-knit community. This has caused a perception of growing danger, even though statistically the average child is actually safer. 7 Families have become smaller, and women bear children far later than they did only a couple of generations ago. Households with just one child have become commonplace in Europe and the more prosperous parts of Asia, including China. That means each child has more time, money and energy invested in it, but misses out on the hustle and bustle of a larger household. At the same time the number of women going out to work has risen steeply. The post-second-world-war model of the nuclear family with a breadwinner husband, a homemaker wife and several children has become atypical. Mothers now mostly return to work within a year or so of giving birth, not five or ten years later. In the absence of a handy grandmother, the child, even at a young age, will probably be looked after outside the home during the working week. 8 Not long ago children used to anger their parents by declaring they were bored, but now “being bored is something that never has to be tolerated for a moment”, writes Sherry Turkle of MIT, an expert on digital culture. In rich countries the vast majority of 15-year-olds have their own smartphone and spend several hours a day online. There are growing concerns that overuse might lead to addiction and mental illness, and that spending too much time sitting still in front of a screen will stop them from exercising and make them fat. A．All this is done with the best of intentions. B．Even more important, the domestic environment for most children has changed greatly. C．The first few years of a child’s life are now receiving more attention as new evidence has emerged about its vital importance in the development of the brain. D．The effect of a number of screen-based devices on children cannot be overlooked. E．And indeed in many ways children are better off than they were a generation or two ago. F．This article will explain the factors that have led to these significant changes in childhood in western countries, as well as in China. 【答案】5．A 6．F 7．B 8．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了与过去的孩子相比，现在的孩子更多的时间待在室内，很少会参加有风险的活动，并介绍了导致这一现象的原因。 5．根据上文“Today such children will spend most of their time indoors, be driven everywhere rather than walk or cycle, take part in many more organised activities. (如今，这些孩子将大部分时间待在室内，坐车去任何地方，而不是步行或骑自行车，参加更多有组织的活动。)”可知，上文告诉我们现在的孩子将大部分时间待在室内，很少会参加有风险的活动，A项意为“所有这一切都是出于最好的意图。”，选项能够承接上文，孩子很少会参加有风险的活动，所有这一切都是出于最好的意图，且能引起下文，下文介绍了家长这样做的意图是什么。故选A。 6．根据下文“They range from broad social and demographic (人口的) trends such as urbanisation, changes in family structure and the large-scale move of women into the labour force to the march of digital technology. (它们涵盖了广泛的社会和人口趋势，如城市化、家庭结构的变化和女性大规模进入劳动力市场，以及数字技术的进步。)”可知，下文告诉我们儿童发生这些重大变化的原因是什么，F项意为“本文将解释导致西方国家和中国儿童发生这些重大变化的因素。”，选项能够引起下文，下文中的“They”代指选项中的“factors”。故选F。 7．根据下文“Families have become smaller, and women bear children far later than they did only a couple of generations ago. (家庭变得越来越小，女性生育孩子的时间比几代人前晚得多。)”可知，下文告诉我们现代孩子的家庭环境发生了很大变化，B项意为“更重要的是，大多数孩子的家庭环境发生了很大变化。”，选项能够引起下文，下文具体介绍了发生了什么变化及产生了什么影响。故选B。 8．根据下文“In rich countries the vast majority of 15-year-olds have their own smartphone and spend several hours a day online. (在富裕国家，绝大多数15岁的人都有自己的智能手机，每天花几个小时上网。)”可知，下文告诉我们智能手机等设备对孩子产生了很大影响，D项意为“许多基于屏幕的设备对儿童的影响不容忽视。”，选项能够引起下文，下文具体介绍了孩子使用这些设备的情况及造成的影响。故选D。 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海市同济大学第一附属中学·期末） Good News for Gamers Video games can sometimes have a bad reputation because they keep people indoors and looking at a screen instead of talking and playing with others face to face. 9 Scientists from the University of Vermont used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) scheme, which is a study of brain development and health of children in the US as they move into adulthood. The results were taken from 2,217 children aged nine or 10. They were divided into two groups: young people who never play video games and those who play them for three or more hours a day. The young people were set two tasks. The first one measured their reaction times by seeing how quickly they could press buttons that matched images on a screen. The second test involved using their memory. 10 During the tests, their brains were scanned with fMRI, which uses magnets to measure brain activity. The people who played video games were consistently better at the two tasks, and the fMRI scans showed that they also had more activity in the parts of their brains that look after memory and attention. 11 However, it’s important to note that researchers don’t yet know if gaming improved their memory and reactions, or if they already had good memories and reactions and therefore enjoyed gaming and played a lot. 12 The team could also perhaps find out in future if particular types of video games affect people’s brain activity differently. The lead scientist on the study, Bader Chaarani says that too much screen time is not good for people’s mental well being or physical health. It is still very important to spend time outdoors in the fresh air, taking exercise and having fun with friends and family. A．This means that people who play video games show more brain activity. B．Compared with scrolling through videos on YouTube, playing video games surely makes brain more active. C．However, a new study has revealed that video games might be good for brain development in young people. D．Not all of gaming’s effects on the brain are positive despite the activated brain. E．The scientists are hoping to carry on studying the same young people as they get older to track the effects of gaming. F．They were shown pictures of people’s faces and then, a bit later, were shown more and had to say if any of the faces were the same. 【答案】9．C 10．F 11．A 12．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究显示，玩电子游戏可能有益于年轻人大脑发育，且科学家希望继续追踪研究其影响。 9．由上文“Video games can sometimes have a bad reputation because they keep people indoors and looking at a screen instead of talking and playing with others face to face. (电子游戏有时声誉不佳，因为它们让人们呆在室内，看着屏幕，而不是与他人面对面交谈和玩耍。)”可知，前文提及游戏的负面印象。空格后介绍佛蒙特大学的研究，指出游戏对大脑发育的积极影响。C项However, a new study has revealed that video games might be good for brain development in young people.(然而，一项新研究表明电子游戏可能有益于年轻人的大脑发育。)以“However”转折，引出研究结论，既呼应上文的负面评价，又开启后文的积极发现，其中“new study”与后文“The results were taken from 2,217 children aged nine or 10”形成衔接。故选C项。 10．上文提到“The second test involved using their memory.(第二项测试涉及记忆能力。)”，说明测试内容。F项They were shown pictures of people’s faces and then, a bit later, were shown more and had to say if any of the faces were the same.(他们先看人脸图片，之后再看更多图片，需判断是否有相同面孔。)具体描述了记忆测试的流程，“shown pictures of faces”和“say if any were the same”对应“using their memory”，是对前文的详细展开。故选F项。 11．上文指出“fMRI scans showed that they also had more activity in the parts of their brains that look after memory and attention.(功能磁共振成像扫描显示，游戏者大脑中负责记忆和注意力的区域活动更活跃。)”，说明扫描结果。A项This means that people who play video games show more brain activity.(这意味着玩电子游戏的人表现出更多的大脑活动。)中的this指代前文的扫描结果，“more brain activity”是对“more activity in brain parts”的同义转述，起到总结上文的作用。故选A项。 12．下文提到“The team could also perhaps find out in future if particular types of video games affect people’s brain activity differently.(研究团队未来可能还会探究特定类型的游戏是否对大脑活动有不同影响。)”，说明未来的研究方向。E项The scientists are hoping to carry on studying the same young people as they get older to track the effects of gaming.(科学家希望继续研究同一群年轻人，追踪游戏对他们的影响。)中的“hoping to carry on studying”和“track the effects”与后文“find out in future”形成时间上的递进，共同阐述研究的延续性。故选E项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） Why People Feel “Tired but Wired” after Little Sleep? A full night’s rest is key to waking up alert and energized for the day. But many report feeling weirdly wired — and paradoxically (矛盾地) more productive — despite snoozing for three to four hours instead of the seven to nine hours most experts recommend for adults. But sleep scientists say the energy jolt some people claim to experience after acute sleep deprivation stems from a natural but fleeting sense of alertness that the brain uses to temporarily cope with insufficient rest. “ 13 ,” says Jamie Zeitzer, a sleep medicine researcher at Stanford Medicine. “Physiologically speaking, that’s not happening. They’re not actually more alert.” When the brain senses sleep disruption, it protectively acts as if something might be very wrong, and survival instincts kick in. The body produces a physiological reaction to keep the brain alert and energized, explains Ben Simon, a neuroscientist and sleep researcher at the University of California, Berkeley. The network of our nervous system produces the fight-or-flight response, which uses stored energy to react against approaching predators. A single night of sleep deprivation is a stressor, which acts via the central nervous system to activate the stress response network between the brain and the adrenal glands (肾上腺). The adrenal glands then secrete the wakefulness-promoting hormones — cortisol (皮质醇) and adrenaline. 14 “That level of energy people might feel after a short sleep might actually be the stress response the body and brain are provoking to fight off sleep loss,” Ben Simon says. 15 The energy boost from the sympathetic nervous system is temporary, and it does not mean people’s brains are fully functional, however. Ben Simon says sleep loss experiments show people’s memory and attention are immediately impaired after a single night of sleep deprivation. 16 There is no shortcut to being ready to seize the day — not when sleep is already the greatest life hack. As Ben Simon puts it, “It took Mother Nature millions of years to perfect sleep — to give us optimal performance and mental health.” A．This in turn prompts the liver to release sugar as an immediate energy supply during the fight-or-flight response. B．The bottom line remains unchanged: You can’t cheat sleep. C．I can’t deny that, subjectively, people are feeling kind of wired. D．Some people mistakenly believe their heightened alertness reflects improved cognitive abilities. E．While caffeine may temporarily keep you awake, it cannot replace actual restorative sleep. F．Zeitzer adds that the rise in cortisol from insufficient sleep is only a small bump, just enough to hide fatigue for a few hours after waking. 【答案】13．C 14．A 15．F 16．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么睡眠不足但异常亢奋的原因 【详解】13．与下文“Physiologically speaking, that’s not happening. They’re not actually more alert.(从生理上讲，这并没有发生。他们实际上并没有变得更加警觉)”形成对比，C选项“我不能否认，主观上，人们感觉有点亢奋。”为Jamie Zeitzer的引语前半部分，承认了上文“But sleep scientists say the energy jolt some people claim to experience after acute sleep deprivation stems from a natural but fleeting sense of alertness that the brain uses to temporarily cope with insufficient rest.(但睡眠科学家表示，一些人声称在急性睡眠剥夺后经历的能量冲击源于大脑用来暂时应对休息不足的一种自然但短暂的警觉性)”人们主观上感觉“兴奋”这一现象，又与下文否认生理上的警觉提升形成对比，强调主观感受与生理现实矛盾。故选C项。 14．由上文“The network of our nervous system produces the fight-or-flight response, which uses stored energy to react against approaching predators. A single night of sleep deprivation is a stressor, which acts via the central nervous system to activate the stress response network between the brain and the adrenal glands (肾上腺). The adrenal glands then secrete the wakefulness-promoting hormones — cortisol (皮质醇) and adrenaline. (我们的神经系统网络产生战斗或逃跑反应，它利用储存的能量对接近的捕食者做出反应。一夜睡眠不足是一种压力源，它通过中枢神经系统激活大脑和肾上腺之间的压力反应网络。肾上腺随后分泌促进清醒的激素——皮质醇和肾上腺素)”可知，上文描述肾上腺分泌皮质醇和肾上腺素后，该空需解释其在战斗或逃跑反应中的作用，A选项“这反过来又促使肝脏在战斗或逃跑反应中释放糖作为即时能量供应。”说明肝脏释放糖作为能量供应，逻辑连贯。故选A项。 15．由上文““That level of energy people might feel after a short sleep might actually be the stress response the body and brain are provoking to fight off sleep loss,” Ben Simon says.(Ben Simon说：“人们在短暂睡眠后可能感受到的这种能量水平实际上可能是身体和大脑为对抗睡眠不足而引发的压力反应。”)”可知，Ben Simon指出能量感源于压力反应（讲的是其缺陷），该空需承接上文补充其局限性，F选项“Zeitzer补充说，睡眠不足引起的皮质醇升高只是一个很小的波动，只足以掩盖醒来后几个小时的疲劳。”解释皮质醇上升仅短暂掩盖疲劳，与下一段“The energy boost from the sympathetic nervous system is temporary(交感神经系统的能量提升是暂时的)”衔接。故选F项。 16．下文“There is no shortcut to being ready to seize the day — not when sleep is already the greatest life hack.(要准备好抓住每一天，没有捷径可走——尤其是在睡眠已经是最棒的生活方式的时候)”强调睡眠无捷径，需总结性语句，B选项“底线保持不变：你不能欺骗睡眠。”点明核心结论，呼应睡眠的重要性。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海市进才中学·期末） How Green Is the Building? In the world leaders meeting in Paris agreed to move towards zero net greenhouse-gas emissions in the second half of this century. That is a tall order, and the building industry makes it even taller. Cement-making alone produces 6% of the world’s carbon emission. 17 If you factor in all of the energy that goes into lighting, heating and cooling homes and offices, the world’s buildings start to look like a severe environmental problem. Governments in the rich world are now trying to promote greener behavior by obliging developers to build new projects to “zero carbon” standards. 18 All other types of buildings will follow in January of the next year. Governments in eight further countries are being advised to introduce a similar policy. 19 Wind turbines and solar panels on top of buildings look good but are much less productive than-wind and solar farms. And the standards only count the emissions from running a building, not those let out when it was made. Those are thought to account for between 30% and 60% of the total over a structure’s lifetime. Buildings can become greener. They can use more recycled steel and can be pre-made. The energy required to produce a wooden beam is one-sixth of that required for a steel one of comparable strength. When a mature tree is cut down, a new one can be planted to replace it, capturing more carbon. After buildings are torn down, old roofs are easy to recycle into-new structures. And for older buildings-to be more energy-efficient, wood is a good insulator (绝缘体). 20 Governments can help urge the industry to use more wood, particularly in the public sector — the construction industry’s biggest client. That would help wood-building specialists achieve greater scale and lower costs. A．For example, a softwood window frame provides 400 times as much insulation as a steel and 1,000 times as an aluminum. B．However, these standards are less green than they may seem. C．In January, all new buildings in the EU must be built to “nearly zero-energy” standards. D．Steel half of which goes into buildings, accounts for another 8%. E．This would favor wood as well as innovative ways of producing other materials. F．Zero-carbon building regulations should be altered to include the material emissions. 【答案】17．D 18．C 19．B 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讨论了建筑行业的碳排放问题以及如何通过采用更环保的建筑材料和建筑标准来减少碳排放。 17．根据上文“Cement-making alone produces 6% of the world’s carbon emission. (仅水泥生产就占全球碳排放的6%。)”可知，此处是在举例说明建筑行业碳排放占比高，D项“Steel half of which goes into buildings, accounts for another 8%. (钢铁行业占另外的8%，其中一半用于建筑行业。)”，进一步举例说明建筑行业碳排放占比高，与上文形成并列关系。故选D项。 18．根据上文“Governments in the rich world are now trying to promote greener behavior by obliging developers to build new projects to “zero carbon” standards. (富裕国家的政府如今正试图通过强制开发商按照“零碳”标准建设新项目，来推动更环保的行为。)”以及下文“All other types of buildings will follow in January of the next year.(所有其他类型的建筑将在明年1月跟进。)”可知，此处是在说明某个时间点对建筑的新要求，C项“In January, all new buildings in the EU must be built to “nearly zero-energy” standards. (1月份，欧盟所有新建筑必须按照“近零能耗”标准建造。)”，以具体案例（欧盟政策）衔接上文，又与下文时间相呼应。故选C项。 19．根据下文“Wind turbines and solar panels on top of buildings look good but are much less productive than wind and solar farms. And the standards only count the emissions from running a building, not those let out when it was made. (建筑物顶部的风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板看起来不错，但比风能和太阳能发电场的效率低得多。而且标准只计算建筑物运行时的排放，而不计算建造时的排放。)”可知，此处是在说明这些标准存在不足，B项“However, these standards are less green than they may seem. (然而，这些标准并不像看上去那么环保。)”，可作为段落主题句，通过转折词However引出现有标准的缺陷，与后文的具体分析形成呼应。故选B项。 20．根据上文“And for older buildings to be more energy-efficient, wood is a good insulator (绝缘体). (对于老建筑来说，为了提高能源效率，木材是一种很好的绝缘体。)”可知，此处是在说明木材作为绝缘体的优势，A项“For example, a softwood window frame provides 400 times as much insulation as a steel and 1,000 times as an aluminum. (例如，一个软木窗框的隔热性能是钢窗框的400倍，是铝窗框的1,000倍。)”中的“insulation”与上文“insulator”直接呼应，举例说明了木材的隔热性能。故选A项。 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海市杨浦区市东中学·期末） Getting into Employment in High School Many high school students are understandably more focused on getting into college than on finding a job after college. 33 Here are some things you can do now-while you’re still in high school-to start thinking about possible careers. Do some homework on jobs and careers. There are many types of jobs and careers that most people have never heard of or know little about. How do you discover them? 34 How did they get interested in their career? What education and skills are required to perform their jobs? What do they like about their careers? Don’t be shy; adults are usually happy to answer questions. You can also learn about various careers online. 35 Although your college major does not always determine what you’ll end up doing for a career, understanding how various majors can connect to careers is part of career planning. As you explore the majors and programs offered at various colleges, take a moment to read through the relevant department’s information on careers for students in that major. Keep career planning in mind when visiting colleges. Every college campus has a Career Center, staffed by professionals who are trained to assist college students with career-related concerns. 36 Make a point to ask about the services offered by each college’s Career Center when you visit colleges. Or better yet, stop in to the Center and say hello. While on campus, you will also have opportunities to talk with professors and students. Use those occasions to ask faculty about what their departments do to help prepare students for jobs after graduation, and ask current students about internships they’ve done, research opportunities, and what their majors and career plans are. A．Begin with your current interests, talents, hobbies, and personal strengths and weaknesses. B．Start by talking to the adults you know about their jobs. C．They help students choose majors and careers, find internship and job opportunities, and gain important job-hunting skills. D．Connect the dots between college majors and careers. E．Enrichment activities, such as summer programs on college campuses, can also help you learn about various jobs and careers. F．Yet, having at least a few ideas in mind for careers that might interest you is an important part of college planning. 【答案】33．F 34．B 35．D 36．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要为即将上大学的高中生提供有关职业方面的建议。 33．上文“Many high school students are understandably more focused on getting into college than on finding a job after college. (可以理解的是，许多高中生更专注于进入大学，而不是大学毕业后找工作。)”及下文“Here are some things you can do now-while you’re still in high school-to start thinking about possible careers. (以下是你现在可以做的一些事情。当你还在上高中的时候，可以开始考虑可能的职业。)”说明高中生不太关注大学毕业后找工作的事情。对此，作者给出一些建议。F项“Yet, having at least a few ideas in mind for careers that might interest you is an important part of college planning. (然而，对于你可能感兴趣的职业，至少要有一些想法，这是大学规划的重要组成部分)”承上启下，故选F。 34．下文“Don’t be shy; adults are usually happy to answer questions. (不要害羞，成年人通常很高兴回答这些问题。)”说明可以向成年人询问有关工作的事情。B项“Start by talking to the adults you know about their jobs. (首先与你认识的成年人谈谈他们的工作。)”与下文内容一致，说明可以向成年人愿意回答有关工作的事情。故选B。 35．下文“Although your college major does not always determine what you’ll end up doing for a career, understanding how various majors can connect to careers is part of career planning. (虽然你的大学专业并不总是决定你最终会为职业做些什么，但了解各种专业如何与职业联系起来是职业规划的一部分。)”指出将所学专业与职业联系起来。D项“Connect the dots between college majors and careers. (将大学专业和职业联系起来。)”总结下文，与下文内容一致，故选D。 36．上文“Every college campus has a Career Center, staffed by professionals who are trained to assist college students with career-related concerns. (每个大学校园都有一个职业中心，由经过培训的专业人员组成，以帮助大学生解决与职业相关的问题。)”说明大学的职业中心可以帮助大学生解决与职业有关的问题。C项“They help students choose majors and careers, find internship and job opportunities, and gain important job-hunting skills. (他们帮助学生选择专业和职业，找到实习和工作机会，并获得重要的求职技能。)”具体介绍学校职业中心可以帮助学生解决的问题，承接上文，故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市浦东新区实验学校·期末） Journalists on the Job Journalism is a challenging and exciting profession. Journalists play a crucial role in society by providing the public with accurate and timely information. Here is a look at what journalists do on the job. First and foremost, journalists are responsible for gathering information. 37 They might interview people involved in an event, visit the scene of an incident, or research through various sources such as public records, historical data, and academic studies. For example, a journalist covering a political story might interview politicians, campaign workers, and voters to understand different perspectives on an issue. Once the information is gathered, journalists need to analyze and verify its accuracy. 38 They check the credibility of their sources and make sure the facts are correct. In the age of misinformation, this step is more important than ever. A single incorrect fact can damage the reputation of a journalist and the media organization they work for. After that, journalists have to write their stories in a clear and engaging way. They need to present the information in a logical order and make it accessible to the general public. 39 They also use quotes from their interviews to add color and authenticity to the story. For instance, a feature story about an artist might include the artist’s own words about their creative process. Finally, journalists have to meet deadlines. Whether it’s for a daily newspaper, a weekly magazine, or a breaking news website, there is always a time limit for getting the story out. 40 This requires good time-management skills and the ability to work well under pressure. A．They look for patterns and connections in the data they’ve collected. B．This means they often have to work quickly and efficiently. C．They use their writing skills to craft an interesting lead that will draw in readers D．Journalists have to be good at communicating with people from all walks of life. E．They have to decide which information is most important and relevant to their story. F．They do this through a variety of methods. 【答案】37．F 38．A 39．C 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了记者这份工作，包括收集信息、分析核实信息、撰写故事和按时交稿等主要工作内容。 37．上文“First and foremost, journalists are responsible for gathering information.(首先，记者负责收集信息)”指出记者的首要职责是收集信息。F选项“They do this through a variety of methods.(他们通过各种方法来做到这一点)”中“this”指代上文的“gathering information”，引出下文提到的采访相关人员、走访事件现场、查阅各种资料等收集信息的方法。故选F项。 38．上文“Once the information is gathered, journalists need to analyze and verify its accuracy.(一旦收集到信息，记者需要分析并核实其准确性)”说明记者要对收集到的信息进行分析核实。A选项“They look for patterns and connections in the data they’ve collected.(他们在收集到的数据中寻找模式和联系)”进一步阐述了分析信息的具体方式，即寻找数据中的模式和联系，与上文逻辑紧密。故选A项。 39．上文“After that, journalists have to write their stories in a clear and engaging way.(之后，记者必须以清晰且引人入胜的方式撰写他们的报道)”强调记者写报道要清晰且吸引人。C选项“They use their writing skills to craft an interesting lead that will draw in readers(他们运用写作技巧构思一个有趣的开头来吸引读者)”说明了记者如何让报道引人入胜，即通过写有趣的开头吸引读者，与上文话题一致。故选C项。 40．上文“Finally, journalists have to meet deadlines. Whether it’s for a daily newspaper, a weekly magazine, or a breaking news website, there is always a time limit for getting the story out.(最后，记者必须按时交稿。无论是日报、周刊还是突发新闻网站，发布报道总有时间限制)”指出记者有交稿的时间限制。B选项“This means they often have to work quickly and efficiently.(这意味着他们通常必须快速高效地工作)”说明有时间限制就需要记者快速高效工作，与上文因果关系明确。故选B项。 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海奉贤区致远高级中学·期末） How to Live a Happy Life Happiness is what we need most with the increase of pressure in modern life. However, sometimes it seems far away from us. Fortunately, this is not the case. Everyone has the ability. to hang on to happiness with his own efforts. The following methods may lead you to long- lasting happiness. ·Take exercise. Other than health benefits that are too numerous to mention, exercise makes you smarter, happier, improves sleep, and makes you feel better about your body. 41 Keeping in touch with nature can help you reduce stress, make you more creative, improve your memory and may even make you a better person. · 42 Relationships are worth more than you think. Not feeling socially connected can make you stupider and kill you. Loneliness can lead to heart attack, stroke (中风) and diabetes (肥胖症) . On the other hand, studies have shown that the longest lived people on the planet all place a strong cmphas is on social engagement. ·Challenge yourself. 43 Music lessons increase intelligence. Challenging your beliefs strengthens your mind. Increasing willpower just takes a little effort each day and it's more responsible for your success than IQ. Not getting an education or taking advantage of opportunities are two of the things people look back on their lives and regret the most. ·Laugh. Laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and the feet. It can even reduce the effect of pain on the body. Humor is a good way to cause laughter. 44 A．Life is always full of hope. B．Do something kind for the people you care about. C．Learning another language can keep your mind sharp. D．It would be better if you take exercise in nature. E．Spend time with friends and family. F．Just thinking about funny moments or things can help a lot. 【答案】41．D 42．E 43．C 44．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者就如何快乐的生活，提供了一些实用的方法。 41．根据下文“Keeping in touch with nature can help you reduce stress, make you more creative, improve your memory and may even make you a better person. (与大自然接触可以帮助你减轻压力，使你更有创造力，提高你的记忆力，甚至可能使你成为一个更健康的人。)”可知，设空处要说明人应该在大自然中锻炼会更好， 然后紧接着说在大自然中锻炼对人产生的积极影响。故D选项It would be better if you take exercise in nature.(如果你在大自然中锻炼会更好)，符合句意，其中exercise与上文对应。故选D项。 42．此处是本段小标题，根据本段“Relationships are worth more than you think. Not feeling socially connected can make you stupider and kill you. Loneliness can lead to heart attack, stroke (中风) and diabetes (肥胖症) . On the other hand, studies have shown that the longest lived people on the planet all place a strong cmphas is on social engagement.(关系比你想象的更有价值。没有社交联系会让你变得更愚蠢，甚至致命。孤独会导致心脏病发作、中风和糖尿病。另一方面，研究表明，地球上寿命最长的人都非常重视社会参与。)”可知，本段主要在讨论和朋友、家人在一起的重要性，也就是设空处所要说的内容。故E选项Spend time with friends and family.(花时间与朋友和家人在一起)符合句意。故选E项。 43．根据本文标题Challenge Yourself.(挑战自己)，再根据下文“Music lessons increase intelligence. Challenging your beliefs strengthens your mind. (音乐课程增加智慧。挑战你的信念会增强你的心智。)”可知，此处以上音乐课为例说明要挑战自己，挑战自己能给自己带来好处，C项Learning another language can keep your mind sharp.(学习另一种语言能让你思维敏捷。)符合语境，因为这也是挑战自己的一种方式。故选C项。 44．根据上文“Humor is a good way to cause laughter.(幽默是引起笑声的一种好方式。)”可知，设空处与上一句为并列关系，所以F选项Just thinking about funny moments or things can help a lot.(想想有趣的时刻或事情也会引起笑声)，符合句意，其中funny moments和上文 laughter对应。故选F项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市黄浦区大同中学·期末） Defining Success on Your Own Terms “You go to college right out of high school. That’s the rule, right?” says Nikki Ivey, a sales trainer and consultant outside Jacksonville, Fla, However, it’s not the case for her. Actually, she got her undergraduate degree at 28. 29 One by one, she missed the milestones she’d envisioned in some imaginary dream life: earning six figures by 30, buying a house by 35. Then she hit one- attaining a high-level executive position in a company. She didn’t love the job. She did love sitting around the dinner table laughing with her kids. “ 30 ” she asked herself. She ended up leaving the job, and started to wonder about all those milestones. Danielle Ponder had a career as a lawyer before dedicating herself to singing full time. Working as a public defender in Rochester, NY, Danielle Ponder would frequently Google,“Did anyone make it after the age of 35? At one point, she quit her day job, only to return a year and a half later, due to the pandemic and disappointing bookings. On the last day of 2021, five days before her 40 birthday, she tried again. 31 “I don’t know if I could survive this happening to me at 19,“ she says. She thinks her insecure teen self wouldn’t have handled the stress of the public eye well. It can be hard to make a transition later in life. 32 A．Do I even want them? On whose clock? B．Why should you challenge that secret timeline of milestones in your head? C．This time, quitting her job led to her first album, television appearances and sold-out shows. D．Instead of feeling pressure to hit life events on someone else’s timeline, maybe it’s fine to make our own. E．People are felling like they’re falling behind, when in fact they’re probably doing exactly what they should. F．She spent years feeling like an outsider and failure as she watched her peers rise in school and work, figuring she’d never catch up. 【答案】29．F 30．A 31．C 32．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两位女性在追寻自己的成功之路上的故事，Nikki Ivey和Danielle Ponder都面临着传统社会规范所制定的时间表，但她们却选择了自己的道路。她们在生活中遇到困难和挑战，但最终意识到成功不应受他人时间表的限制，而是应该根据自己的价值观来定义。 29．前文““You go to college right out of high school. That’s the rule, right?” says Nikki Ivey, a sales trainer and consultant outside Jacksonville, Fla, However, it’s not the case for her. Actually, she got her undergraduate degree at 28. (佛罗里达州杰克逊维尔市的销售培训师兼顾问尼基·艾维说，“高中一毕业就去上大学。这是规则，对吧?”。然而，她的情况并非如此。事实上，她28岁才拿到了本科学位。)”提到了她没有像大多数人一样顺利，F项(多年来，当她看着同龄人在学校和工作中奋起直追时，她感觉自己是个局外人，是个失败者。想着她永远追不上。)承接上文，说明她求学和工作的不容易。故选F项。 30．前文“One by one, she missed the milestones she’d envisioned in some imaginary dream life: earning six figures by 30, buying a house by 35. Then she hit one-attaining a high-level executive position in a company. She didn’t love the job. She did love sitting around the dinner table laughing with her kids.(她一个接一个地错过了她在一些想象中的梦想生活中所设想的里程碑：30岁赚六位数，35岁买房子。后来，她成功了：在一家公司获得了高级管理职位。她并不喜欢这份工作。她确实喜欢和孩子们围坐在餐桌旁大笑。)”提到了她的生活状况与轨迹。后文“she asked herself. She ended up leaving the job, and started to wonder about all those milestones.(她问自己。她最终离开了这份工作，并开始怀疑所有这些里程碑。)”提到了经过思考之后，她决定放弃现在的生活。A项(我到底想要这些吗？按照谁的时间表？)承接上文，说明她要改变生活的重心，又指引出了下文的她想要问的问题，she asked herself是提示。故选A项。 31．前文“Danielle Ponder had a career as a lawyer before dedicating herself to singing full time. Working as a public defender in Rochester, NY, Danielle Ponder would frequently Google, “Did anyone make it after the age of 35? At one point, she quit her day job, only to return a year and a half later, due to the pandemic and disappointing bookings. On the last day of 2021, five days before her 40 birthday, she tried again.(丹妮尔·庞德在全职唱歌之前曾是一名律师。丹妮尔·庞德是纽约州罗切斯特市的一名公设辩护律师，她经常会在谷歌上搜索：“有人35岁以后还活着吗?”有一次，她辞去了日常工作，但由于疫情和令人失望的预订，一年半后她才回来。在2021年的最后一天，也就是她40岁生日的前五天，她再次尝试。)”提到了她努力改变生活。后文“ “I don’t know if I could survive this happening to me at 19,“ she says. She thinks her insecure teen self wouldn’t have handled the stress of the public eye well. (她说：“我不知道这些事情在19岁时发生在我身上我是否能挺过。”她认为，没有安全感的青少年时期的自己无法很好地应对公众的压力。)”提到了她对于压力的反应，C项(这一次，她辞掉了工作，推出了她的第一张专辑，在电视上露面，演出场场爆满。)承接上文，她做出了尝试并取得成功，与后文的自我反思相呼应，故选C项。 32．前文“It can be hard to make a transition later in life.(在以后的生活中很难做出转变。)”提到了做出转变的艰难，D项(与其在别人的时间表上完成生活事件而感到压力，不如自己制定自己的时间表。)承接上文，说明了改变和不改变都有难处，但改变的好处是可以过上自己喜欢的生活，掌控自己的生活，故选D项。 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海市静安区市西中学·期末） First it was pets, then fish. Now it’s chickens and pigs. The list of animals allowed to feed on insects is growing. A new EU law authorizes the use of insect protein in chicken and pig feed. 21 This is a significant milestone for an industry keen to worm its way into the animal-feed business. Since a ban on processed animal protein was imposed in 2001 in the wake of the “mad cow” disease, soybean and fish meal have become the basis of animal feed in Europe. But their production needs lots of space and can harm the environment. 22 Insects are just the ticket. They are raised in vertical farms that require little land or water. They can be fed on agricultural by-products or food waste such as rotting fruit and vegetables. They’re also a natural fit. Most wild fish, birds and pigs eat insects. The one thing going against them is price. Insect protein is two to three times more expensive than fish meal, and many times pricier than soybean. 23 Rabobank, a Dutch lender, predicts that global insect production will reach 500,000 tonnes a year by 2030, up from just 10,000 tonnes currently. Prices are expected to drop as well. 24 They may boost growth rates and immune systems as well as filling stomachs. They also provide a more sustainable alternative. This year the European Food Safety Agency has ruled that three species of insects — yellow mealworm, locusts and house crickets — are safe for humans to eat. Oddly, people seem less keen on the idea than chickens and pigs. A．However, scaling up production may help reduce the price. B．Some producers worry whether insects can be bred at a commercial scale. C．Therefore feed manufacturers are actively seeking sustainable alternatives. D．Meanwhile, research suggests insects may be more than mere feed. E．It came into force earlier this month. F．Despite marketing efforts, consumer acceptance of insect-based food is still low. 【答案】21．E 22．C 23．A 24．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了欧盟一项允许在鸡和猪饲料中使用昆虫蛋白的新法律，分析了用昆虫作饲料的优势、面临的价格问题及发展前景。 21．上文“A new EU law authorizes the use of insect protein in chicken and pig feed.(一项新的欧盟法律批准在鸡和猪饲料中使用昆虫蛋白)”提到了新法律。E选项“It came into force earlier this month.(该法律本月早些时候生效)”中的“It”指代上文的“a new EU law”，进一步说明法律的生效时间，与上下文衔接自然。故选E项。 22．上文“Since a ban on processed animal protein was imposed in 2001 in the wake of the ‘mad cow’ disease, soybean and fish meal have become the basis of animal feed in Europe. But their production needs lots of space and can harm the environment.(自2001年“疯牛病”爆发后实施加工动物蛋白禁令以来，大豆和鱼粉已成为欧洲动物饲料的基础。但它们的生产需要大量空间，而且会对环境造成危害)”指出了现有饲料的弊端。C选项“Therefore feed manufacturers are actively seeking sustainable alternatives.(因此，饲料制造商正在积极寻找可持续的替代品)”与上文构成因果关系，因为现有饲料有问题，所以要寻找替代品，逻辑合理。故选C项。 23．上文“The one thing going against them is price. Insect protein is two to three times more expensive than fish meal, and many times pricier than soybean.(对它们不利的一点是价格。昆虫蛋白的价格是鱼粉的两到三倍，比大豆贵很多倍)”说明了昆虫蛋白价格高的问题。A选项“However, scaling up production may help reduce the price.(然而，扩大生产规模可能有助于降低价格)”与上文构成转折关系，提出了解决价格问题的办法，且与下文提到的产量增加和价格下降相呼应。故选A项。 24．下文“They may boost growth rates and immune systems as well as filling stomachs. They also provide a more sustainable alternative.(它们不仅可以填饱肚子，还可能提高生长速度和增强免疫系统。它们还提供了一种更可持续的选择)”说明了昆虫除了作为饲料，还有其他好处。D选项“Meanwhile, research suggests insects may be more than mere feed.(与此同时，研究表明昆虫可能不仅仅是饲料)”引出下文对昆虫其他作用的介绍，起到了承上启下的作用。故选D项。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读六选四 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·上海市金山中学·期末） The young lead new trends in consumption market With the post-1990 generation becoming a vibrant (充满活力的) force in society and the post-2000 generation gradually entering the workforce, the purchasing power of the new generation of consumers has been steadily growing. 1 Growing up in the internet era, the young consumers generally have higher education levels and a broader global outlook, and come from a relatively strong economic background. As such, their consumption behavior is different from that of the earlier generations. In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. 2 This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media. And yet a trend toward rational consumption has been growing rapidly over the past few years. 3 Instead, they focus more on product quality and functionality. They tend to compare products and services, and do some research before making purchasing decisions, in order to get the best out of their purchase. According to a study conducted by the Social Survey Center of China Youth Daily, 90.1 percent of the 1,000 young respondents said their consumption decision is based on the “spending where necessary and saving where possible” principle. Besides, young consumers seek more personalized and diversified products, reflecting their emotional needs and increasing sense of self-worth. 4 When it comes to brand cognition, young consumers seem to favor domestic products. Thanks to information online, young consumers no longer blindly pursue foreign brands and instead prefer local brands, highlighting their confidence in Chinese-made products. From Li-Ning, Anta to Warrior shoes, domestic brands in various fields are being warmly welcomed by young consumers. A．Young consumers no longer blindly chase trendy or luxury items. B．They excel in using mobile devices and social media for getting information. C．Their tendency to pay much leads to the development of products and services. D．Their changing behaviors in consumption have promoted high-quality products. E．In fact, young people are slowly becoming the main force in the consumer market. F．They are willing to pay for products with unique features and innovative services. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市控江中学·期末） “When I was a kid, we were out and about all the time, playing with our friends, in and out of each other’s houses, sandwich in pocket, making our own entertainment. Our parents hardly saw us from morning to night.” This is roughly what you will hear if you ask anyone over 30 about their childhood in a rich country. Today such children will spend most of their time indoors, be driven everywhere rather than walk or cycle, take part in many more organised activities. 5 Parents want to protect their offspring from traffic, crime and other dangers in what they see as a more dangerous world, and to give them every opportunity to flourish. 6 They range from broad social and demographic (人口的) trends such as urbanisation, changes in family structure and the large-scale move of women into the labour force to the march of digital technology. Start with the physical environment in which children are growing up. In rich countries the overwhelming majority now lead urban lives. Almost 80% of people live in cities, which have many advantages, including better opportunities for work, education, culture and leisure. But these often come at a cost: expensive housing, overcrowding, lack of green space, heavy traffic, high air pollution and a sense of living among strangers rather than in a close-knit community. This has caused a perception of growing danger, even though statistically the average child is actually safer. 7 Families have become smaller, and women bear children far later than they did only a couple of generations ago. Households with just one child have become commonplace in Europe and the more prosperous parts of Asia, including China. That means each child has more time, money and energy invested in it, but misses out on the hustle and bustle of a larger household. At the same time the number of women going out to work has risen steeply. The post-second-world-war model of the nuclear family with a breadwinner husband, a homemaker wife and several children has become atypical. Mothers now mostly return to work within a year or so of giving birth, not five or ten years later. In the absence of a handy grandmother, the child, even at a young age, will probably be looked after outside the home during the working week. 8 Not long ago children used to anger their parents by declaring they were bored, but now “being bored is something that never has to be tolerated for a moment”, writes Sherry Turkle of MIT, an expert on digital culture. In rich countries the vast majority of 15-year-olds have their own smartphone and spend several hours a day online. There are growing concerns that overuse might lead to addiction and mental illness, and that spending too much time sitting still in front of a screen will stop them from exercising and make them fat. A．All this is done with the best of intentions. B．Even more important, the domestic environment for most children has changed greatly. C．The first few years of a child’s life are now receiving more attention as new evidence has emerged about its vital importance in the development of the brain. D．The effect of a number of screen-based devices on children cannot be overlooked. E．And indeed in many ways children are better off than they were a generation or two ago. F．This article will explain the factors that have led to these significant changes in childhood in western countries, as well as in China. 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海市同济大学第一附属中学·期末） Good News for Gamers Video games can sometimes have a bad reputation because they keep people indoors and looking at a screen instead of talking and playing with others face to face. 9 Scientists from the University of Vermont used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) scheme, which is a study of brain development and health of children in the US as they move into adulthood. The results were taken from 2,217 children aged nine or 10. They were divided into two groups: young people who never play video games and those who play them for three or more hours a day. The young people were set two tasks. The first one measured their reaction times by seeing how quickly they could press buttons that matched images on a screen. The second test involved using their memory. 10 During the tests, their brains were scanned with fMRI, which uses magnets to measure brain activity. The people who played video games were consistently better at the two tasks, and the fMRI scans showed that they also had more activity in the parts of their brains that look after memory and attention. 11 However, it’s important to note that researchers don’t yet know if gaming improved their memory and reactions, or if they already had good memories and reactions and therefore enjoyed gaming and played a lot. 12 The team could also perhaps find out in future if particular types of video games affect people’s brain activity differently. The lead scientist on the study, Bader Chaarani says that too much screen time is not good for people’s mental well being or physical health. It is still very important to spend time outdoors in the fresh air, taking exercise and having fun with friends and family. A．This means that people who play video games show more brain activity. B．Compared with scrolling through videos on YouTube, playing video games surely makes brain more active. C．However, a new study has revealed that video games might be good for brain development in young people. D．Not all of gaming’s effects on the brain are positive despite the activated brain. E．The scientists are hoping to carry on studying the same young people as they get older to track the effects of gaming. F．They were shown pictures of people’s faces and then, a bit later, were shown more and had to say if any of the faces were the same. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） Why People Feel “Tired but Wired” after Little Sleep? A full night’s rest is key to waking up alert and energized for the day. But many report feeling weirdly wired — and paradoxically (矛盾地) more productive — despite snoozing for three to four hours instead of the seven to nine hours most experts recommend for adults. But sleep scientists say the energy jolt some people claim to experience after acute sleep deprivation stems from a natural but fleeting sense of alertness that the brain uses to temporarily cope with insufficient rest. “ 13 ,” says Jamie Zeitzer, a sleep medicine researcher at Stanford Medicine. “Physiologically speaking, that’s not happening. They’re not actually more alert.” When the brain senses sleep disruption, it protectively acts as if something might be very wrong, and survival instincts kick in. The body produces a physiological reaction to keep the brain alert and energized, explains Ben Simon, a neuroscientist and sleep researcher at the University of California, Berkeley. The network of our nervous system produces the fight-or-flight response, which uses stored energy to react against approaching predators. A single night of sleep deprivation is a stressor, which acts via the central nervous system to activate the stress response network between the brain and the adrenal glands (肾上腺). The adrenal glands then secrete the wakefulness-promoting hormones — cortisol (皮质醇) and adrenaline. 14 “That level of energy people might feel after a short sleep might actually be the stress response the body and brain are provoking to fight off sleep loss,” Ben Simon says. 15 The energy boost from the sympathetic nervous system is temporary, and it does not mean people’s brains are fully functional, however. Ben Simon says sleep loss experiments show people’s memory and attention are immediately impaired after a single night of sleep deprivation. 16 There is no shortcut to being ready to seize the day — not when sleep is already the greatest life hack. As Ben Simon puts it, “It took Mother Nature millions of years to perfect sleep — to give us optimal performance and mental health.” A．This in turn prompts the liver to release sugar as an immediate energy supply during the fight-or-flight response. B．The bottom line remains unchanged: You can’t cheat sleep. C．I can’t deny that, subjectively, people are feeling kind of wired. D．Some people mistakenly believe their heightened alertness reflects improved cognitive abilities. E．While caffeine may temporarily keep you awake, it cannot replace actual restorative sleep. F．Zeitzer adds that the rise in cortisol from insufficient sleep is only a small bump, just enough to hide fatigue for a few hours after waking. 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海市进才中学·期末） How Green Is the Building? In the world leaders meeting in Paris agreed to move towards zero net greenhouse-gas emissions in the second half of this century. That is a tall order, and the building industry makes it even taller. Cement-making alone produces 6% of the world’s carbon emission. 17 If you factor in all of the energy that goes into lighting, heating and cooling homes and offices, the world’s buildings start to look like a severe environmental problem. Governments in the rich world are now trying to promote greener behavior by obliging developers to build new projects to “zero carbon” standards. 18 All other types of buildings will follow in January of the next year. Governments in eight further countries are being advised to introduce a similar policy. 19 Wind turbines and solar panels on top of buildings look good but are much less productive than-wind and solar farms. And the standards only count the emissions from running a building, not those let out when it was made. Those are thought to account for between 30% and 60% of the total over a structure’s lifetime. Buildings can become greener. They can use more recycled steel and can be pre-made. The energy required to produce a wooden beam is one-sixth of that required for a steel one of comparable strength. When a mature tree is cut down, a new one can be planted to replace it, capturing more carbon. After buildings are torn down, old roofs are easy to recycle into-new structures. And for older buildings-to be more energy-efficient, wood is a good insulator (绝缘体). 20 Governments can help urge the industry to use more wood, particularly in the public sector — the construction industry’s biggest client. That would help wood-building specialists achieve greater scale and lower costs. A．For example, a softwood window frame provides 400 times as much insulation as a steel and 1,000 times as an aluminum. B．However, these standards are less green than they may seem. C．In January, all new buildings in the EU must be built to “nearly zero-energy” standards. D．Steel half of which goes into buildings, accounts for another 8%. E．This would favor wood as well as innovative ways of producing other materials. F．Zero-carbon building regulations should be altered to include the material emissions. 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海市杨浦区市东中学·期末） Getting into Employment in High School Many high school students are understandably more focused on getting into college than on finding a job after college. 33 Here are some things you can do now-while you’re still in high school-to start thinking about possible careers. Do some homework on jobs and careers. There are many types of jobs and careers that most people have never heard of or know little about. How do you discover them? 34 How did they get interested in their career? What education and skills are required to perform their jobs? What do they like about their careers? Don’t be shy; adults are usually happy to answer questions. You can also learn about various careers online. 35 Although your college major does not always determine what you’ll end up doing for a career, understanding how various majors can connect to careers is part of career planning. As you explore the majors and programs offered at various colleges, take a moment to read through the relevant department’s information on careers for students in that major. Keep career planning in mind when visiting colleges. Every college campus has a Career Center, staffed by professionals who are trained to assist college students with career-related concerns. 36 Make a point to ask about the services offered by each college’s Career Center when you visit colleges. Or better yet, stop in to the Center and say hello. While on campus, you will also have opportunities to talk with professors and students. Use those occasions to ask faculty about what their departments do to help prepare students for jobs after graduation, and ask current students about internships they’ve done, research opportunities, and what their majors and career plans are. A．Begin with your current interests, talents, hobbies, and personal strengths and weaknesses. B．Start by talking to the adults you know about their jobs. C．They help students choose majors and careers, find internship and job opportunities, and gain important job-hunting skills. D．Connect the dots between college majors and careers. E．Enrichment activities, such as summer programs on college campuses, can also help you learn about various jobs and careers. F．Yet, having at least a few ideas in mind for careers that might interest you is an important part of college planning. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市浦东新区实验学校·期末） Journalists on the Job Journalism is a challenging and exciting profession. Journalists play a crucial role in society by providing the public with accurate and timely information. Here is a look at what journalists do on the job. First and foremost, journalists are responsible for gathering information. 37 They might interview people involved in an event, visit the scene of an incident, or research through various sources such as public records, historical data, and academic studies. For example, a journalist covering a political story might interview politicians, campaign workers, and voters to understand different perspectives on an issue. Once the information is gathered, journalists need to analyze and verify its accuracy. 38 They check the credibility of their sources and make sure the facts are correct. In the age of misinformation, this step is more important than ever. A single incorrect fact can damage the reputation of a journalist and the media organization they work for. After that, journalists have to write their stories in a clear and engaging way. They need to present the information in a logical order and make it accessible to the general public. 39 They also use quotes from their interviews to add color and authenticity to the story. For instance, a feature story about an artist might include the artist’s own words about their creative process. Finally, journalists have to meet deadlines. Whether it’s for a daily newspaper, a weekly magazine, or a breaking news website, there is always a time limit for getting the story out. 40 This requires good time-management skills and the ability to work well under pressure. A．They look for patterns and connections in the data they’ve collected. B．This means they often have to work quickly and efficiently. C．They use their writing skills to craft an interesting lead that will draw in readers D．Journalists have to be good at communicating with people from all walks of life. E．They have to decide which information is most important and relevant to their story. F．They do this through a variety of methods. 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海奉贤区致远高级中学·期末） How to Live a Happy Life Happiness is what we need most with the increase of pressure in modern life. However, sometimes it seems far away from us. Fortunately, this is not the case. Everyone has the ability. to hang on to happiness with his own efforts. The following methods may lead you to long- lasting happiness. ·Take exercise. Other than health benefits that are too numerous to mention, exercise makes you smarter, happier, improves sleep, and makes you feel better about your body. 41 Keeping in touch with nature can help you reduce stress, make you more creative, improve your memory and may even make you a better person. · 42 Relationships are worth more than you think. Not feeling socially connected can make you stupider and kill you. Loneliness can lead to heart attack, stroke (中风) and diabetes (肥胖症) . On the other hand, studies have shown that the longest lived people on the planet all place a strong cmphas is on social engagement. ·Challenge yourself. 43 Music lessons increase intelligence. Challenging your beliefs strengthens your mind. Increasing willpower just takes a little effort each day and it's more responsible for your success than IQ. Not getting an education or taking advantage of opportunities are two of the things people look back on their lives and regret the most. ·Laugh. Laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and the feet. It can even reduce the effect of pain on the body. Humor is a good way to cause laughter. 44 A．Life is always full of hope. B．Do something kind for the people you care about. C．Learning another language can keep your mind sharp. D．It would be better if you take exercise in nature. E．Spend time with friends and family. F．Just thinking about funny moments or things can help a lot. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市黄浦区大同中学·期末） Defining Success on Your Own Terms “You go to college right out of high school. That’s the rule, right?” says Nikki Ivey, a sales trainer and consultant outside Jacksonville, Fla, However, it’s not the case for her. Actually, she got her undergraduate degree at 28. 29 One by one, she missed the milestones she’d envisioned in some imaginary dream life: earning six figures by 30, buying a house by 35. Then she hit one- attaining a high-level executive position in a company. She didn’t love the job. She did love sitting around the dinner table laughing with her kids. “ 30 ” she asked herself. She ended up leaving the job, and started to wonder about all those milestones. Danielle Ponder had a career as a lawyer before dedicating herself to singing full time. Working as a public defender in Rochester, NY, Danielle Ponder would frequently Google,“Did anyone make it after the age of 35? At one point, she quit her day job, only to return a year and a half later, due to the pandemic and disappointing bookings. On the last day of 2021, five days before her 40 birthday, she tried again. 31 “I don’t know if I could survive this happening to me at 19,“ she says. She thinks her insecure teen self wouldn’t have handled the stress of the public eye well. It can be hard to make a transition later in life. 32 A．Do I even want them? On whose clock? B．Why should you challenge that secret timeline of milestones in your head? C．This time, quitting her job led to her first album, television appearances and sold-out shows. D．Instead of feeling pressure to hit life events on someone else’s timeline, maybe it’s fine to make our own. E．People are felling like they’re falling behind, when in fact they’re probably doing exactly what they should. F．She spent years feeling like an outsider and failure as she watched her peers rise in school and work, figuring she’d never catch up. 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海市静安区市西中学·期末） First it was pets, then fish. Now it’s chickens and pigs. The list of animals allowed to feed on insects is growing. A new EU law authorizes the use of insect protein in chicken and pig feed. 21 This is a significant milestone for an industry keen to worm its way into the animal-feed business. Since a ban on processed animal protein was imposed in 2001 in the wake of the “mad cow” disease, soybean and fish meal have become the basis of animal feed in Europe. But their production needs lots of space and can harm the environment. 22 Insects are just the ticket. They are raised in vertical farms that require little land or water. They can be fed on agricultural by-products or food waste such as rotting fruit and vegetables. They’re also a natural fit. Most wild fish, birds and pigs eat insects. The one thing going against them is price. Insect protein is two to three times more expensive than fish meal, and many times pricier than soybean. 23 Rabobank, a Dutch lender, predicts that global insect production will reach 500,000 tonnes a year by 2030, up from just 10,000 tonnes currently. Prices are expected to drop as well. 24 They may boost growth rates and immune systems as well as filling stomachs. They also provide a more sustainable alternative. This year the European Food Safety Agency has ruled that three species of insects — yellow mealworm, locusts and house crickets — are safe for humans to eat. Oddly, people seem less keen on the idea than chickens and pigs. A．However, scaling up production may help reduce the price. B．Some producers worry whether insects can be bred at a commercial scale. C．Therefore feed manufacturers are actively seeking sustainable alternatives. D．Meanwhile, research suggests insects may be more than mere feed. E．It came into force earlier this month. F．Despite marketing efforts, consumer acceptance of insect-based food is still low. 7 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $