命题大赛 河南省济源市2025-2026学年高一英语下学期单元测试（必修三Unit 4 Space Exploration)

**基本信息** 高一下B3U4 Space Exploration单元综合检测卷，基础与综合双维度设计，融合航天科技情境与社会热点，适配单元复习，全面考查语言能力与思维品质。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单句语法填空|20题/20分|时态、非谓语、从句等语法点|原创题结合Sputnik 1发射等航天事件，强化语法在真实情境中的应用| |阅读理解|4篇/50分|细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测|含原创B篇关注女性航天贡献，C篇探讨太空生态系统，体现文化意识与批判性思维| |补全句子翻译|5题/25分|单元核心词汇（如determine, effort）及句型|中文提示补全英文，考查语言转换能力，如杨利伟事迹翻译| |写作|1题/15分|火星生活话题表达|以值日报告形式，要求阐述向往、生存条件及个人意愿，提升语言输出与思维组织能力|

Sheet1 考查能力层次： Ⅰ理解能力 Ⅱ获取具体事实信息能力 Ⅲ推理判断能力 Ⅳ分析综合能力  Ⅴ语言运用能力 核心素养： ①语言能力 ②文化意识 ③思维品质 ④学习能力 题型 题号 分值 考查要素 能力 核心素养 预估难度 层次 单句语法填空 1-10 20 动词时态、非谓语、词性转换、定语从句、冠词 Ⅴ ①④ 易 (0.65) 选词填空 1-10 10 词组意义辨析、语境理解、适当形式变化 Ⅴ ①③ 中 (0.60) 补全句子翻译 1-5 25 不定式作定语、because表语从句、v-ing主语、be+adj.+to do、目的状语 Ⅴ ①④ 中 (0.60) 阅读理解A篇 1 2.5 细节理解（为何来SAC） Ⅱ ① 易 (0.65) 2 2.5 细节理解（获取徽章方式） Ⅱ ① 易 (0.65) 3 2.5 细节理解（最重要技能） Ⅱ ① 易 (0.65) 阅读理解B篇 1 2.5 细节理解（女性贡献） Ⅱ ①③ 易 (0.65) 2 2.5 推理判断（“for a man only”意图） Ⅲ ③ 中 (0.60) 3 2.5 词义猜测（alien） Ⅲ ① 中 (0.60) 4 2.5 主旨大意（写作目的） Ⅳ ③ 难 (0.55) 阅读理解C篇 1 2.5 细节理解（目前10人如何生存） Ⅱ ① 易 (0.65) 2 2.5 推理判断（第二段隐含信息） Ⅲ ③ 中 (0.60) 3 2.5 主旨大意（文章核心观点） Ⅳ ③ 难 (0.55) 4 2.5 观点态度（作者态度） Ⅲ ③ 中 (0.60) 阅读理解D篇 1 2.5 细节理解（2024年钢材用途） Ⅱ ① 易 (0.65) 2 2.5 推理判断（“virtuous cycle”含义） Ⅲ ③ 中 (0.60) 3 2.5 推理判断（推广清洁能源原因） Ⅲ ③ 难 (0.55) 4 2.5 主旨大意（最佳标题） Ⅳ ③ 难 (0.55) 七选五 1-5 12.5 语篇衔接与逻辑连贯 Ⅲ ③ 中 (0.60) 完形填空 1-10 15 上下文逻辑、动词/名词/形容词/连词辨析 Ⅲ ①③ 中 (0.60) 语法填空 1-10 15 动词时态语态、非谓语、词性转换、定语从句、固定搭配、冠词 Ⅴ ①④ 中 (0.60) 书面表达 1 15 内容要点、语言准确、篇章连贯、逻辑清晰 Ⅴ ①②③④ 难 (0.55) 说明： ● 全卷涵盖基础卷与综合卷，紧扣人教版必修三Unit4 Space Exploration主题语境。 ● 预估难度参考高一学生平均水平：（0.55-0.65） ● 双向细目表全面覆盖单元重点词汇（astronaut, intelligent, determine, launch, orbit, recycle, lack, limited, resource等）及核心语法（不定式作定语/状语、v-ing主语、表语从句）。 ● 阅读理解语篇融合太空探索与环保/能源等跨学科话题，体现思维品质与文化意识。 $ 应用场景:周复习/单元复习/单元检测(如以上均不符合则自行添加) 高一下B3U4 Space Exploration 单元综合检测卷（基础+综合） 卷I基础部分 （本试卷满分150分，考试用时120分） 1、 单句语法填空，每空1分，共20分 （原创） 阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The Soviet Union successfully ______ (launch) Sputnik 1, ______ (mark) the beginning of the space age for mankind. 2. Yang Liwei, the first Chinese astronaut ______ (go) into space, was ______ (mental) prepared for the unknown challenges. 3. The young engineer was ______ (determine) to become an intelligent scientist, so he made great ______ (effort) to learn rocket technology. 4. ______ (desire) to explore the universe, many countries have sent probes ______ (orbit) Mars independently. 5. The spacecraft Challenger ______ (disappoint) the whole world when it exploded shortly after ______ (launch). 6. There is a heated ______ (argue) about whether we should continue ______ (carry) on with the manned Mars mission. 7. With no friends ______ (depend) on, the independent astronaut learned ______ (recycle) almost everything on board the space station. 8. The reason ______ the satellite failed to transmit data was ______ lack of sufficient solar power. 9. The current ______ (limit) resources on Earth require us ______ (attach) great importance to recycling and reuse. 10. The scientist was disappointed ______ (find) that the signal ______ (transmit) from the deep-space probe was too weak to be analysed. 2、 选词填空，每题1分，共10分（原创） 用方框中所给词组的适当形式填空，使句子完整正确，方框中有两个多余词组。 carry on make an effort so as to as a result lack of attach importance to be determined to on board run out go wrong argue with…about be independent of 1. After the oxygen tank exploded, the astronauts still decided to ______ their mission in the space station. 2. The twins often ______ each other ______ which TV programme to watch. 3. ______ fresh water and food, the crew had to use a new life-support system. 4. If you want to improve your spoken English, you should ______ to practice every day. 5. They drove for hours in the desert and realized their fuel was about to ______. 6. He got up very early ______ catch the first bus to school. 7. When things ______ on a spacecraft, astronauts must remain calm and try to find solutions. 8. Tom forgot to charge his phone. ______, his phone died during the important call. 9. All astronauts ______ the spacecraft must follow regular safety checks and physical training schedules. 10. After turning 18, he decided to ______ his parents and manage his own finances. 3、 补全句子翻译，每题5分，共25分（原创） 根据所给中文提示，补全下列英文句子。 1. 杨利伟是中国第一位进入太空的宇航员，他的勇气鼓舞了无数年轻人。 Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut ___________________, and his courage inspired countless young people. 2. 这主要是因为人类决心继续探索宇宙，尽管面临巨大的风险和有限的资源。 This is _________________the human race ___________________ on exploring the universe, despite the huge risks and ________________resources. 3. 回收利用日常物品，如罐头、瓶子和报纸，对保护我们有限的资源有很大的影响。 ___________________, such as cans, bottles and newspapers, ___________________ to protecting our limited resources. 4. 当前的智能设备很容易操作，甚至连老年人也能独立使用它们。 The current intelligent devices ___________________ that even the elderly can use them independently. 5. 为了传递来自火星探测器的信号，科学家们设计了一颗强大的通信卫星。 ___________________ signals from the Mars rover, scientists designed a powerful communication satellite. 卷II综合部分 4、 阅读理解（共两节）每题2.5分，共50分 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。 A (改编) If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun. More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they’re studying in the classroom. For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges. At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot. Throughout these programs, teamwork is emphasized as the most important skill. Trainees learn to solve problems and complete tasks in teams, supporting each other during simulated emergencies. （ ）1. Why do people come to SAC? A. To experience adventures. B. To look for jobs in aviation. C. To get a degree in engineering. D. To learn more about medicine. （ ）2. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to ______. A. fly to space B. get an Aviation badge first C. study the principles of flight D. build and fire model rockets （ ）3. What is the most important for trainees? A. Leadership. B. Team spirit. C. Task planning. D. Survival skills. B （原创） There is no doubt that space exploration is one of humankind’s greatest achievements. Ever since Yuri Gagarin became the first person to travel into space in 1961, scientists have been pushing the boundaries to discover the unknown. However, this exploration has been largely dominated by men. That does not mean women have been excluded. Behind the scenes, women worked as seamstresses, stitching vital spacecraft components. A group of black female mathematicians, recently depicted in the movie Hidden Figures, helped NASA launch an American into space. In 1963, Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman to blast off into space. Yet after that, space programmes were slow to include women. NASA did not accept female astronaut applications until 1978. By then, Moon missions had ended, so Neil Armstrong’s famous step in 1969 remained a “giant step for mankind” – and for a man only. Now attitudes have changed. Leading NASA engineers say the first person to set foot on Mars should be a woman. The agency aims for a gender-balanced workforce. Allison McIntryre, Chief of the NASA Space Vehicle Mock‑up Facility, told the BBC: “My director is a woman, my former division chief is a woman. We have female astronauts. We haven’t put a woman on the Moon yet. I think the first person to step on Mars should be a woman.” A woman landing on Mars would be an incredible achievement. It would inspire a younger female generation by showing what is possible. For them, the idea that other planets are a men‑only destination would be an alien concept. （ ）1. What can we learn about women’s roles in space exploration from the passage? A. Women have never been allowed to work in space projects. B. Women were only involved as astronauts after 1963. C. Women contributed to space exploration both behind the scenes and in space. D. The first woman in space was from the United States. （ ）2. Why does the author mention Neil Armstrong’s step as “for a man only”? A. To show that men are better at space exploration. B. To explain why NASA refused female astronauts. C. To emphasize that women had no chance to go to the Moon by then. D. To prove that the Moon landing was not a real achievement. （ ）3. What does the underlined word “alien” in the last paragraph most likely mean? A. Strange and unfamiliar. B. Friendly and helpful. C. Dangerous and terrible. D. Exciting and wonderful. （ ）4. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To argue that men should continue to lead space exploration. B. To describe the history of space exploration in detail. C. To show that women have played and will play an important role in space. D. To encourage young women to become mathematicians. C （原创） At present, only about ten people are living in space at any given time – seven on the International Space Station and three on China’s Tiangong. However, some famous businessmen believe that in the coming decades the number will increase dramatically, perhaps to a million or so. They even suggest that humans could soon settle on Mars. To make this dream come true, reusable rockets like Starship and New Glenn have been developed. These are great achievements of physical science. But if a large number of people are to carry on living in space, they need more than just a way to get there. They also need a way to be sustained once they arrive. This means they must have food, water, oxygen, and a way to recycle waste. On the current space stations, these things are not a big problem because there are only ten people. Food and oxygen can be sent from Earth, and waste can be thrown away. However, if humans want to travel farther and stay longer in space, they will need to live as part of a limited ecosystem that can independently provide for their basic needs. After all, the resources on Earth are not unlimited, and sending supplies into space is extremely expensive. The problem is that our knowledge of such ecosystems lacks behind our progress in rocketry. The current situation is that we can send rockets into space easily, but we cannot create a closed ecosystem that can support humans for a long time. Scientists who study “applied astrobiology” are determined to solve this problem. They dream of using resources on the Moon, Mars, or asteroids to build ecosystems where life can grow and expand. Their desire is to make space a second home for humanity. For now, the dream of exploring space is strong, but without better biology, a long-term human presence in space will remain impossible. As one scientist put it, “The future of space exploration depends on better biology.” （ ）1. What can be learned about the ten people currently in space? A. They have to recycle all their waste by themselves. B. They receive food and oxygen from Earth without great difficulty. C. They are building a closed ecosystem on the space station. D. They will soon run out of resources and have to return. （ ）2. What can we infer from the second paragraph? A. Reusable rockets are less important than ecosystems for long-term space living. B. The space station already has a perfect ecosystem that works independently. C. Sending food from Earth will always be the cheapest way to support astronauts. D. The number of people in space will remain ten for the coming decades. （ ）3.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Reusable rockets are the key to humans settling on Mars. B. S pace exploration depends more on biology than on physics. C. Without better ecosystems, humans cannot live in space for a long time. D. The International Space Station and Tiangong are both successful examples. （ ）4. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of long-term space living? A. Hopeful but realistic B. Doubtful C. Excited D. Unconcerned D （原创） The scale of China's shift to renewable(可再生的) energy is almost beyond comprehension. By the end of last year, the country had installed 887 gigawatts(太瓦时) of solar-power capacity—close to double the combined total of Europe and America. The 22 million tonnes of steel used for new wind turbines and solar panels in 2024 would have been enough to build a Golden Gate Bridge every single working day. China generated 1,826 terawatt-hours of wind and solar electricity in 2024. This combination of massive manufacturing power and a huge need for cheap, domestically produced electricity has made China a new kind of superpower, one that uses clean energy on a global scale. As a result, China is reshaping the world's energy outlook, its geopolitics, and its ability to fight climate change. The main reason countries have not decarbonized (脱碳) their economies is a lack of effective means. China is addressing this by providing ever-greater amounts of clean-energy capacity to the world at prices cheaper than fossil fuels. China can produce nearly a terawatt of new renewable capacity each year, equal to the output of over 300 large nuclear plants. A virtuous cycle is in motion: huge demand drives more efficient production, leading to cheaper costs, which in turn stimulates even more demand, making it less necessary for the government to provide financial support at first. Thanks to this capacity, China has exceeded or is on track to exceed most of its climate promises under the Paris Agreement. Its latest commitments，to be discussed at the upcoming the 30th UNFCCC’s COP summit, include more than doubling its renewable capacity and making a quantified cut in emissions by 2035—targets it will likely surpass. Crucially, China is exporting this revolution, particularly to developing nations where the climate battle will be decisive. Its earnings from exporting green technology now surpass America's earnings from fossil fuel exports, a trend sustained by the low cost of renewables. China's domestic progress—on cheaper renewables, better energy storage, improved grid (电网) infrastructure , and related knowledge—is becoming increasingly relevant and sellable abroad. This system for cutting emissions is powered by self-interest: more global adoption of clean tech reduces China's own climate risks and brings it economic benefits. This combination of economic and benefits between the world's biggest manufacturer and its export markets helps address the longstanding "free-rider" problem in international climate efforts. Nevertheless, a low-carbon future reliant on China's industrial capacity brings concerns, including its continued use of coal. A more determined shift, supported by grid reforms and carbon pricing, could see renewables replace coal entirely. China can ease worries by transferring more manufacturing and technology to its overseas investments. Unlike fossil fuels, once installed, renewable technologies like solar panels produce power independently. The benefits are great: renewables offer the best hope for limiting global temperature rises and promise cheap, abundant clean energy to improve billions of lives. The world needs what China has to offer. （ ）1. What is mentioned about the steel used for China's renewables in 2024? A. It exceeded the combined steel consumption of Europe and America. B. It could build a Golden Gate Bridge daily that year. C. It was mainly used for solar panel production alone. D. It has made China a new kind of superpower. （ ）2. What does the term "virtuous cycle" in paragraph 2 imply about China's renewables? A. Government policies are the primary driving force. B. Market dynamics are making renewables increasingly competitive. C. Technological breakthroughs have solved all cost problems. D. International cooperation is essential for continuous development. （ ）3. Why is China actively promoting clean energy globally? A. A strategic foresight that aligns national interest with global benefits. B. The primary motivation is to resolve the "free-rider" problem in climate efforts. C. The fundamental obligation to fulfill its commitments under the Paris Agreement. D. A moral responsibility to spearhead the global fight against climate change. （ ）4. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? A. The Challenges of China's Coal Dependency B. America's Struggle in the Green Energy Race C. China's Rising Role in the Global Green Revolution D. How Solar Panels Are Changing Developing Nations 第二节 七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Junk can be an annoying thing. But dealing with the junk in your room is quite easy — just remove it. 1 ______ NASA is considering using lasers（激光）to move space junk around the Earth. Scientists suggest that the energy contained in the laser could change the junk’s course by 650 feet (about 198m) a day. While that won’t be enough to knock it out of orbit, it could avoid a collision with a space station or satellite. Where does space junk come from and why should scientists want to move it? 2 ______ One is exploded rockets. The largest amount of junk was caused by a rocket sent up into space in 1994. Its explosion in 1996 created a cloud of some 300,000 fragments（碎片）, each at least 4 mm in size. Another source is astronaut error. Suppose an astronaut is doing a repair in space, he or she drops the wrench（扳手）and it’s gone forever.3 ______ Space junk is a huge threat to the lives of astronauts in space shuttles and on the International Space Station. A tiny speck（微粒）of paint from a satellite once dug a hole in a space shuttle window nearly half a centimeter wide. Scientists are fully aware of this problem. They monitor the paths of space fragments and immediately report any threat of an orbital impact. Some 20,000 pieces of rubbish are currently being monitored in low-Earth orbit. 4 ______ Is there any danger of us on Earth getting hit by space junk? Probably not. Scientists say most space objects that re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere burn up or re-enter over water. So relax!5 ______ A. How about the junk in space? B. There are two main sources of space junk. C. The problem of space junk is very challenging. D. So far no effective ways have been found to avoid space junk. E. The chance of getting hit by a falling astronaut’s glove is small. F. There are millions of smaller pieces of space junk that we can’t see. G. It spins into orbit, probably at a speed of around 6 miles (1.6km) a second. 五、完形填空，每题1分，共15分 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The International Space Station (ISS) is a huge space station. It is being ___1___ by thousands of people from 16 countries. All these people are trying to find out if humans can one day build ____2____ in space. Floating 230 miles above Earth, the ISS currently ___3____ a huge building-block project. US space shuttles and Russian rockets have been ___4____ tools and pieces of the station into space to help finish building it. From the beginning of its construction in 1998 to its ___5___, more than 100 major pieces will be put together. When ____6____, it will be the largest structure ever to fly above Earth. The ISS will be larger than a football field and will weigh about one million pounds. In addition to helping build the space station, ____7___ are trying to answer important questions. How does space travel affect germs? Does the human body break down food ____8___ in space? Someday, the station may serve as a launchpad for trips to other ____9____ such as Mars. Because of its ___10___ size, the ISS needs a lot of power. Like other man‑made bodies in space, its power comes from the ___11___. Large panels are lined with special materials that ___12____ the sun’s energy and change it into electricity. So what does it cost to build such a ___13____? It costs over $60 billion dollars. ____14_____ this may seem astronomical, it may be a small price to pay for a project that enables scientists to work together, exploring space for the world’s ____15_____. （ ）1. A. discussed B. used C. driven D. constructed （ ）2. A. schools B. shops C. homes D. factories （ ）3. A. looks like B. comes from C. turns into D. belongs to （ ）4. A. changing B. transporting C. breaking D. dividing （ ）5. A. design B. progress C. popularity D. completion （ ）6. A. applied B. closed C. entered D. finished （ ）7. A. scientists B. professors C. architects D. workers （ ）8. A. differently B. actively C. instantly D. wholly （ ）9. A. surfaces B. planets C. locations D. lands （ ）10. A. limited B. standard C. middle D. impressive （ ）11. A. wind B. air C. sun D. water （ ）12. A. collect B. produce C. provide D. consume （ ）13. A. house B. structure C. mode D. system （ ）14. A. Since B. If C. When D. Although （ ）15. A. existence B. future C. peace D. dream 六、语法填空，每题1.5分，共15分 阅读下面短文，在空格内填入一个单词或所给单词的适当形式 China is becoming a force in space exploration and will carry out more deep space exploration missions in the next 10 to 15 years. Wu Weiren, chief designer of China’s lunar exploration program, __1__ (give) an account of the next steps of China’s lunar exploration program in an interview some time ago. China has planned the ___2__ (four) stage of its lunar exploration program, including Chang’e 6, Chang’e 7, and Chang’e 8. Among them, Chang’e 6 ___3__ (set) to collect more samples from the moon’s far side ___4___ Chang’e 5. Chang’e 7 is going to land on the moon’s South Pole and have a flight over the moon ___5___ (search) for water in the caves there. Chang’e 8, ___6___ (schedule) to be launched around 2028, will form the basis of a scientific research station at the moon’s South Pole with Chang’e 7. Building an international lunar scientific research station by 2035, ___7____ we will realize joint surveys, scientific data sharing and joint management of the station, needs ___8____ (effect) cooperation with other countries, said Wu. ____9____ is reported that China plans to find and bring back samples from Mars. Exploration of the sun and visits to the outer reaches of the solar system are also under ___10____ (consider). 七、写作，15分 假定英语老师要求每位同学用英语作值日报告（duty report）。请你以“火星生活”为话题，发表一个值日报告。内容包括以下要点： 1.人类对火星生活的向往； 2.人类在火星上生存的条件及其必要性； 3.你是否愿意到火星上去生活？为什么？ 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 第 1 页 共 9 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ B3U4 Space Exploration 单元综合检测卷 答案解析 卷I 基础部分 一、单句语法填空 【语篇导读】本大题考查本单元核心词汇在语境中的正确形式，涵盖动词时态、非谓语动词、词性转换、从句引导词等语法点，帮助学生在语篇中巩固语言知识。 1.launched；marking 解析：第一空考查一般过去时，时间状语 in 1957 提示用 launched；第二空考查现在分词作结果状语，marking 表示“标志着”。 2.to go；mentally 解析：第一空考查不定式作后置定语，the first Chinese astronaut to go into space“第一个进入太空的中国宇航员”；第二空考查副词修饰形容词 prepared，mentally prepared“心理上准备好的”。 3.determined；efforts 解析：第一空考查形容词作表语，be determined to do“下定决心做”；第二空考查固定搭配 make great efforts“付出巨大努力”。 4.Desiring；to orbit 解析：第一空考查现在分词短语作状语，Desiring to...“渴望……”，主语 many countries 与 desire 为主动关系；第二空考查不定式作宾语补足语，send probes to orbit Mars“发射探测器环绕火星”。 5.disappointed；launch 解析：第一空考查形容词作表语，disappointed“失望的”；第二空考查名词，after launch“发射之后”。 6.argument；carrying 解析：第一空考查名词，heated argument“激烈的争论”；第二空考查固定搭配 carry on with sth.，continue 后接动名词 carrying。 7.to depend；to recycle 解析：第一空考查不定式作定语，no friends to depend on“没有可依靠的朋友”；第二空考查不定式作宾语，learned to recycle“学会回收利用”。 8.why；a 解析：第一空考查定语从句关系副词，reason why...“……的原因”；第二空考查冠词，a lack of“缺乏”。 9.limited；to attach 解析：第一空考查形容词作定语，limited resources“有限的资源”；第二空考查不定式作宾语补足语，require sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。 10.to find；transmitted 解析：第一空考查不定式作原因状语，be disappointed to find“失望地发现”；第二空考查过去分词作定语，the signal transmitted“被传输的信号”。 二、选词填空 【语篇导读】本大题考查本单元重点词组在具体语境中的意义和用法，涵盖太空探索与日常生活的场景，要求学生根据句意选择恰当的词组并正确变形。 1.carry on 解析：句意“氧气罐爆炸后，宇航员仍决定继续执行任务”，carry on“继续”。 2.argue with；about 解析：句意“双胞胎经常为看哪个电视节目争吵”，argue with sb. about sth.“与某人争论某事”。 3.Lack of 解析：句意“缺乏淡水和食物，宇航员不得不使用新的生命支持系统”，lack of“缺乏”。 4.make an effort 解析：句意“如果你想提高英语口语，应该努力每天练习”，make an effort to do“努力做”。 5.run out 解析：句意“他们在沙漠里开了几个小时车，意识到燃料即将耗尽”，run out“用完，耗尽”。 6.so as to 解析：句意“他起得很早以便赶上第一班校车”，so as to“为了”。 7.go wrong 解析：句意“当航天器出现问题时，宇航员必须保持冷静”，go wrong“出故障，出错”。 8.As a result 解析：句意“汤姆忘记给手机充电，结果重要通话时手机没电了”，as a result“结果”。 9.on board 解析：句意“所有在航天器上的宇航员都必须遵守定期的安全检查”，on board“在（航天器/船/飞机）上”。 10.be independent of 解析：句意“18岁后，他决定不依赖父母，自己管理财务”，be independent of“独立于，不依赖”。 三、补全句子翻译 【语篇导读】本大题考查本单元重点句型的应用，包括不定式作后置定语、because引导表语从句、动词-ing形式作主语、be+adj.+to do结构、不定式作目的状语，要求学生在语境中准确填写每空一词。 1.to go into space 解析：考查不定式作后置定语，“第一个做某事的人”用 the first person to do sth.，进入太空“go into space”。 2.because of；is determined to carry；limited 解析：“这是因为……”用 This is because...；“决心继续做”用 be determined to carry on；“有限的资源” limited resources。 3.Recycling everyday items；makes a great difference 解析：动词-ing短语作主语，谓语动词用单三；“对……有很大影响”用 make a great difference to。 4.are easy to operate 解析：考查 be+adj.+to do 结构，“容易操作” be easy to operate，主语 devices 是复数，故用 are。 5.In order to transmit/So as to transmit/ To transmit 解析：考查不定式作目的状语，“为了传递信号”。 卷II 综合部分 四、阅读理解 第一节 A篇 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了太空航空中心（SAC）提供的各类训练项目，包括如何获得太空探索徽章、航空徽章和野外生存徽章，并强调团队合作是最重要的技能，旨在吸引人们参与这些充满挑战和趣味的活动。 1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be.”可知，人们来SAC是为了体验冒险。A项正确。 2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets”可知，获得太空探索徽章需要建造和发射火箭模型。D项正确。 3.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Throughout these programs, teamwork is emphasized as the most important skill.”可知，对学员来说最重要的是团队合作精神。B项正确。 B篇 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了女性在太空探索中的贡献：从幕后的缝纫工、数学家，到第一位女宇航员，再到如今NASA工程师呼吁第一位登上火星的应为女性。作者通过展示女性过去和未来的角色，呼吁打破太空领域男性主导的局面。 1.C 细节理解题。文章第二段提到女性在幕后工作（seamstresses, mathematicians），第三段提到第一位女宇航员进入太空，说明女性既在幕后也在太空中做出了贡献。C项正确。 2.C 推理判断题。第三段指出NASA直到1978年才接受女性宇航员申请，那时登月任务已经结束，因此阿姆斯特朗的登月只能是“男人的一步”，强调当时女性没有机会登月。C项正确。 3.A 词义猜测题。最后一段说“对于年轻一代女性而言，认为其他星球是男性专属目的地的想法将是 an alien concept”，结合语境，alien意为“陌生的，不熟悉的”。A项正确。 4.C 主旨大意题。全文从女性历史贡献写到未来女性登陆火星的可能性，旨在展示女性在太空探索中扮演着并将继续扮演重要角色。C项正确。 C篇 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出目前只有十人在太空生活，但未来人数可能激增。然而，长期太空居住不仅需要火箭技术，更需要能够自我维持的生态系统。作者认为生物学进展滞后于火箭技术，如果没有更好的生态系统，人类无法在太空长期生存。 1.B 细节理解题。第二段明确提到“Food and oxygen can be sent from Earth, and waste can be thrown away”，说明目前十个人获得补给并不困难。B项正确。 2.A 推理判断题。第二段指出可重复火箭是“great achievements”，但长期太空生活更需要生态系统（“need more than just a way to get there... need to be sustained”），可推断作者认为生态系统更重要。A项正确。 3.C 主旨大意题。全文围绕“没有更好的生态系统，人类无法在太空长期生存”展开，最后一段总结“without better biology, a long-term human presence in space will remain impossible”。C项正确。 4.A 观点态度题。作者既承认当前生态学知识落后，又相信科学家决心解决问题，态度是“有希望但现实”。A项符合。 D篇 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国在可再生能源领域的巨大成就：太阳能和风能装机容量、设备制造能力、对全球绿色转型的推动作用，以及由此带来的经济与环境双重效益。同时指出对煤炭依赖等挑战，但总体肯定中国在全球绿色革命中的领导地位。 1.B 细节理解题。第一段提到“The 22 million tonnes of steel... would have been enough to build a Golden Gate Bridge every single working day.”即2024年用于可再生能源的钢材足够每个工作日建一座金门大桥。B项正确。 2.B 推理判断题。第二段解释“virtuous cycle”：大量需求驱动高效生产→成本降低→刺激更多需求。说明市场机制使可再生能源更具竞争力。B项正确。 3.A 推理判断题。最后一段指出“This system for cutting emissions is powered by self-interest: more global adoption of clean tech reduces China's own climate risks and brings it economic benefits.”说明中国的全球推广兼顾自身利益与全球利益。A项正确。 4.C 主旨大意题。全文围绕中国在全球绿色革命中日益重要的角色展开，从国内产能到国际出口、气候承诺履行等。C项“China's Rising Role in the Global Green Revolution”最准确。 七选五 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空垃圾的问题：来源（爆炸火箭、宇航员失误）、对宇航员的威胁、以及科学家监测垃圾的努力。最后安慰读者地球上的人被太空垃圾砸中的概率很小。 1.A 前文说房间垃圾容易处理，后文说NASA考虑用激光处理太空垃圾，A项“太空中的垃圾呢？”自然过渡。 2.B 后文提到“One is... Another source is...”，说明是在介绍太空垃圾的两个主要来源。B项正确。 3.C 前文介绍了来源，后文举例说明太空垃圾对宇航员的巨大威胁，C项“太空垃圾问题非常有挑战性”承上启下。 4.F 前文说科学家监测了约2万块垃圾，后文问地球人是否会受威胁，F项“还有数百万看不见的小碎片”补充说明，引发进一步讨论。 5.E 前文说“放松”，E项“被掉落的宇航员手套砸中的几率很小”进一步安慰读者，符合文意。 五、完形填空 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际空间站（ISS）的建设情况、规模、能源来源以及高昂的造价，并强调这一项目让世界顶尖科学家合作探索太空，为人类未来付出代价是值得的。 1.D constructed。ISS由16个国家成千上万的人“建造”。constructed符合。 2.C homes。人们想知道是否有一天能在太空“建造家园”。homes符合。 3.A looks like。ISS目前“看起来像”一个巨大的积木项目。looks like正确。 4.B transporting。美国航天飞机和俄罗斯火箭一直在“运输”工具和部件。transporting正确。 5.A station。运输的是空间站的工具和部件，station正确。 6.D completion。从1998年建造开始到“完工”，completion正确。 7.C amazing。100多个主要部件拼在一起创造出“令人惊叹的”空间站。amazing正确。 8.D finished。当“完工”时，它将是最大结构。finished正确。 9.B larger。比足球场“更大”，larger正确。 10.D impressive。因其“令人印象深刻的”尺寸，需要大量能源。impressive正确。 11.C sun。能源来自“太阳”，sun正确。 12.A collect。特殊材料“收集”太阳能转化为电能。collect正确。 13.B structure。建造这样一个“结构”花费多少？structure正确。 14.D Although。“虽然”看似天文数字，但可能只是小代价。Although正确。 15.B future。探索太空是为世界的“未来”。future正确。 六、语法填空 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国探月工程总设计师吴伟仁公布的未来月球探测计划，包括嫦娥六号、七号、八号的任务，以及建设国际月球科研站和火星探测的规划。 1.gave 考查时态，一般过去时，some time ago 提示过去动作。 2.fourth 考查序数词，“第四阶段”。 3.is 考查时态和短语set be set to do sth.“计划/设定做某事”，主语单三，用 is set。 4.than 考查比较级，more samples than“比……更多样本”。 5.to search 考查非谓语动词，不定式作目的状语，“为了寻找水”。 6.scheduled 考查非谓语动词，过去分词作定语，be scheduled to“被计划”。 7.where 考查定语从句，先行词 an international lunar scientific research station，关系副词 where 在从句中作地点状语。 8.effective 考查形容词修饰 cooperation，“有效的合作”。 9.It 考查It is reported that... 固定句型，It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。 10.consideration 考查短语under consideration“在考虑中”。 七、写作 【命题立意】 本题以“火星生活”为话题，要求学生用英语作值日报告。旨在考查学生运用本单元词汇（如 desire, carry on, independent, resource 等）和句型进行书面表达的能力，同时引导学生关注太空探索与人类未来的关系，激发想象力和思辨能力。 【写作指导】 第一段：简述人类对火星生活的向往（population growth, find another planet）。 第二段：介绍火星生存的条件（water, climate similar to Earth）及必要性（explore unknown, prepare for future）。 第三段：表达个人意愿并说明理由（willing/unwilling, exciting/adventurous, challenging）。 【参考范文】 With the increasing population on Earth, human beings have been trying to find another planet in space to live on. It is reported that liquid water has been found on Mars, which provides necessary conditions for all living things. To some extent, the climate on Mars is quite similar to that on Earth, which makes it possible for humans to live on. Therefore, it is quite probable that humans will live on Mars one day. As far as I am concerned, I would be willing to live on Mars if I got the chance in the future. Since it is a completely new place, I think it will be magical. 一、评分原则 本题总分为15分，按5个档次给分。 评分时，先根据文章的内容、语言、结构初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。词数少于60或多于100的，酌情扣1-2分。评分时应注意的主要内容：内容要点是否完整、语法和词汇是否准确、上下文是否连贯、书写是否规范。若书写较差以至影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。 二、内容要点 人类对火星生活的向往（要点1）； 人类在火星上生存的条件及其必要性（要点2）； 你是否愿意到火星上去生活及原因（要点3）。 三、各档次的给分范围和要求 档次 分数范围 要求 第五档（优秀） 13-15分 完全完成了试题规定的任务。覆盖所有内容要点；应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构和词汇方面有少量错误，但为尽量使用较复杂表达所致；具备较强的语言运用能力；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。完全达到了预期的写作目的。 第四档（良好） 10-12分 完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉一两个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容；应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求；语法结构和词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂表达所致；使用了简单的语句间连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。达到了预期的写作目的。 第三档（中等） 7-9分 基本完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖大部分主要内容；应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的基本要求；有一些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解；使用了简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。基本达到了预期的写作目的。 第二档（较差） 4-6分 未恰当完成试题规定的任务。漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容；语法结构单调，词汇项目有限；有一些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解；较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。信息未能清楚地传达给读者。 第一档（差） 1-3分 未完成试题规定的任务。明显遗漏主要内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求；语法结构单调，词汇项目少；较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解；缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。信息未能传达给读者。 0分 未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $