命题大赛 新疆乌鲁木齐经开区高二英语2025-2026学年第二学期阶段测试（人教版选必三unit4）周测卷

**基本信息** 本卷为人教版选必三Unit4周测卷，150分/120分钟，以“勇气与逆境”为主题，融合原创阅读素材与基础题型，适配单元教学目标，有效检测语言能力与思维品质。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单词拼写和单句语法填空|30/30|Unit4核心词汇（如endure, qualify）、语法（时态、非谓语等）|基础巩固，注重词汇变形与语法应用| |阅读理解|20/50|细节理解、推理判断、主旨归纳|原创文本（如李华抗洪、居里夫人事迹），渗透文化意识与思维品质| |书面表达|1/25|主题表达、逻辑组织|以“The Light of Courage in Adversity”为题，提升语言综合运用能力|

Sheet1 新疆乌鲁木齐经开区高二英语2025-2026学年第二学期阶段测试（人教版选必三unit4）周测卷双向细目表 试卷基本信息：人教版选择性必修三Unit4 逆境与勇气主题周测卷、满分150分、考试时长120分钟、难度配比：简单4:中等3:难题 3、全卷除第一部分1-40基础题为组卷，其余为原创无题库收录 表头说明：题号、考查内容、核心素养、素养水平、情境类型、语篇类型、题型、认知层级、预估难度、分值、思维品质 题号 考查内容 核心素养 素养水平 情境类型 语篇类型 题型 认知层级 预估难度 分值 思维品质 1-30题目 Unit4核心词形转换、时态语态、非谓语、固定句型、主谓一致、语境词汇拼写、形容词副词转换 语言能力、文化意识 水平2 个人生活、学习情境 单句语段 语法填空/单词拼写 识记、理解、运用 易/中/难梯度分布 30 细节辨析、规则迁移、语境适配思维 31-40题 单元核心短语辨析、短语时态变形、固定搭配语境运用 语言能力、思维品质 水平2 生活、社会情境 单句语段 选词填空 理解、运用 易/中/难梯度分布 15 词义辨析、时态逻辑、语境推理思维 1-3（阅读A） 细节理解、推理判断、标题归纳；青年逆境救人励志事迹解读 语言能力、思维品质、文化意识 水平3 社会公益情境 记叙文 阅读理解 理解、推理、概括 易、中、中 7.5 信息筛选、逻辑推理、主旨概括思维 4-7（阅读B） 细节筛选、词义猜测、态度判断；居里夫人逆境科研成长历程 语言能力、思维品质、文化意识 水平3 科学人物情境 人物传记 阅读理解 理解、分析、推断 易、中、难、中 10 词义推演、态度研判、细节对比思维 8-11（阅读C） 主旨理解、细节辨析、词义猜测、正误判断；青少年勇气培养科研探究 语言能力、思维品质、学习能力 水平3 教育科研情境 科普说明文 阅读理解 分析、推理、辨析 中、易、难、中 10 科学思辨、信息比对、概念解读思维 12-15（阅读D） 细节理解、原因分析、观点辨析、主旨归纳；逆境对成长的辩证影响 语言能力、思维品质、学习能力 水平4 社会思辨情境 议论文 阅读理解 综合分析、论证推理 中、中、难、难 10 辩证思考、逻辑论证、主旨提炼思维 16-20（七选五） 段首主旨概括、段中语境衔接、段尾总结升华、转折递进逻辑关系 语言能力、思维品质 水平3 成长感悟情境 哲理说明文 七选五 概括、推理、运用 中、中、中、难、难 12.5 篇章逻辑、语义衔接、主旨归纳思维 21-35（完形填空） 语境词义辨析、固定搭配、情感逻辑、主旨适配；逆境成长个人经历叙事 语言能力、思维品质、文化意识 水平3 个人成长情境 记叙文 完形填空 理解、辨析、推理、运用 易:6 中:4 难:5 15 语境推演、情感逻辑、词义精准辨析思维 56-65（语法填空） 代词、非谓语、定语从句、冠词、比较级、强调句、连词、主谓一致、时态语态 语言能力、思维品质 水平2/3 人物成长情境 短篇记叙文 语法填空 识记、理解、综合运用 易:4 中:3 难:3 15 语法规则迁移、句式分析、时态逻辑思维 66（书面表达） 主题写作、篇章架构、高级句式运用、主题升华；逆境与勇气主题征文创作 语言能力、思维品质、文化意识、学习能力 水平4 校园征文、成长思辨情境 议论文短文 书面表达 综合应用、创造 中等 25 逻辑建构、语言输出、主题思辨、创新表达思维 整体命题参数汇总 1. 难度精准配比：简单题40%、中等题30%、难题30%，完全契合预设梯度，适配高二分层教学检测需求； 2. 核心素养全覆盖：全面考查英语四大核心素养（语言能力、思维品质、文化意识、学习能力），逐级提升素养水平； 3. 认知层级完整：涵盖识记、理解、辨析、推理、综合运用、创造全维度认知能力，贴合新课标评价要求； 4. 情境统一聚焦：全卷围绕“逆境与勇气、成长与坚持”单元主题，情境真实、语篇多样、思维考查层层递进。 $ 新疆乌鲁木齐经开区高二英语2025-2026学年第二学期阶段测试（人教版选必三unit4）周测卷问卷 考试时间：120分钟 卷面分值：150分 考试范围：OB3 Unit4 本试卷分第一部分(综合知识检测)和第二部分（基础知识检测)两部分。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分 基础知识检测 (共二节，满分45分) 一、 单词拼写和单句语法填空 (共30小题；每小题1分，满分30分) 按照要求填写出单词的正确形式，并在答题卡上写上正确答案。 1. He showed remarkable ______ (endure) throughout his illness. 2. Strictly speaking, he’s not ______ (qualify) for the job. 3. She is ______ (enthusiasm) about the new teaching method. 4. The ship struck against the rocks and ______ (sink). 5. The searching for the missing child ______ (abandon) after two weeks. 6. She lost all her ______ (belong) in the fire. 7. We all felt very ______ (misery) at the bad news. 8. We must have ______ (persevere) and confidence in ourselves. 9. We have passed a ______ (resolve) to build a new laboratory. 10. I will try to finish the work ______ (assign) to me ahead of time. 11. We have lots of ______ (furnish) in our house. 12. ______ (fortunate), the rain stopped before we started. 13. Independent ______ (candidate) won the majority of seats on the local council. 14. Under his father’s ______ (guide), he learned how to swim. 15. I would like to apply for the position which ______ (advertise) in yesterday’s newspaper. 16. We are ______ (loyalty) to our motherland. 17. He made a ______ (commit) to pay the rent on time. 18. Math is too difficult for me ______ (learn) well. 19. I am so tired ______ I want to sleep right now. 20. The sun gives ______ heat and light. 21.As the w______ were low, there were few people applying for the position. 22.I'm so proud that our mobile payment has become the e______ of other countries. 23. We must take concrete action to make progress in development, and use ______ (真正的) hard work to realize a bright future. 24. It is hard to see how the issue can ______ (resolve) to everyone's satisfaction. 25.With shaded paths and parks, the riverside areas have become an attractive destination of sightseeing and ______ (recreate). 26. No longer the ______ (自私的) teenager I used to be, I have begun to think more of other people and to develop a stronger sense of responsibility. 27 I ______ (prepare) for the coming exams recently, and I feel exhausted physically and mentally. 28 The manager ______ (tell) the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m. 29. She ______ (recite) the words all the evening. 30.They______ (widen) the road these days. 二、完成句子 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 选择方框内合适的短语完成句子，注意应用其适当的形式。turn sb down; be qualified for; good-tempered; make fire; give off; nursery rhyme; be made up of; dozens of; shave off; stressed out; 原创 31. My father is a ______ man, and he never gets angry even when things go wrong. 32. The new team ______ five experienced players and three new members. 33. When you feel ______ before an exam, taking a deep breath can help you calm down. 34. She applied for the volunteer position, but they ______ her ______ because she didn’t have enough experience. 35. The factory ______ a lot of harmful gases, which has caused serious pollution. 36. The teacher sang a classic ______ to help the young kids learn about numbers. 37. He ______ all his hair to prepare for the charity activity, which surprised everyone. 38. It took the campers an hour to ______ in the wild forest on a cold night. 39. There are ______ reasons why we should protect the environment, and every small action counts. 40. With his rich teaching experience and excellent communication skills, he ______ the job as a head teacher 第二部分 综合知识检测 (共两节，满分105 分) 一、阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分) 1. ：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上写上正确答案。(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 原创 A In 2018, a sudden flood hit a small village in southwest China, destroying dozens of houses and cutting off roads. Li Hua, a 22-year-old college student home for vacation, found himself trapped with his neighbors as the rain poured relentlessly. The water level rose rapidly, and many elderly residents, who were unable to move quickly, were stuck in their flooded homes. Frightened but determined, Li grabbed a thick rope from his house and swam through the rushing water to rescue them one by one. Each trip was fraught with danger—strong currents threatened to sweep him away, and sharp debris in the water scratched his arms and legs, leaving painful wounds. But he refused to pause for rest. “I was scared, but I knew I had to help those who couldn’t help themselves,” Li later recalled in an interview. For eight hours, he carried young children on his back and guided the elderly step by step to higher ground. By evening, when the floodwater finally stopped rising, he had rescued 17 people. Exhausted and shivering from the cold, he collapsed on the grass but broke into a smile when he saw everyone safe and sound. Local officials praised Li’s extraordinary courage, calling him a “young hero.” But Li humbly shrugged off the praise, saying, “Anyone would have done the same. Adversity doesn’t give you time to be afraid; it teaches you to act decisively.” His story spread widely online, inspiring many young people to step up and help others during crises. Li’s experience vividly shows that courage isn’t about being fearless—it’s about putting others’ safety above your own when disaster strikes. 1.Why did Li Hua stay in the village during the flood? A. He was sent to rescue villagers as a local official B. He was home for vacation and got trapped accidentally C. He worked as a professional rescuer in the village D. He traveled to the village and was caught in the flood 2.What can we infer about Li Hua’s rescue effort? A. He rescued 17 people within 10 hours with professional equipment B. He used a boat to reach trapped residents safely C. He suffered physical injuries while rescuing others D. He was forced to help by local officials and neighbors 3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. A Terrible Flood in Southwest China B. How to Survive a Sudden Flood C. A Young Hero: Courage in the Face of Flood D. The Dangers of Flood Rescue B Marie Curie, the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only person to win it twice in different sciences, faced countless obstacles in her extraordinary scientific career. Born in Warsaw, Poland in 1867, she dreamed of studying physics and chemistry, but women were barred from attending universities in her home country at that time. To pursue her academic aspirations, she moved to Paris alone at 24, living in extreme poverty and studying late into the night in cold garrets while working part-time jobs to cover her tuition and living expenses. After marrying Pierre Curie, a fellow scientist, the couple devoted themselves to researching radioactivity—a term Marie herself coined. They worked in a damp, unheated laboratory that was once a storage shed, handling toxic materials without any proper protective gear. For years, they endured harsh winters, limited funding, and frequent hunger, often sacrificing meals to buy necessary equipment. Tragedy struck in 1906 when Pierre died suddenly in a horse-drawn carriage accident. Devastated by the loss, Marie was tempted to abandon their research but ultimately chose to carry on their work. She later became the first female professor at the University of Paris and won two Nobel Prizes—in Physics (1903) and Chemistry (1911)—but faced fierce discrimination because of her gender. Critics argued that a woman was unfit to lead scientific research or hold such prestigious positions, but Marie ignored the malicious remarks and kept pushing forward. “Nothing in life is to be feared; it is only to be understood,” she once said. Her life story proves that courage means pursuing your goals relentlessly, even when society and cruel circumstances stand firmly in your way. 4.Why did Marie Curie move to Paris? A. To marry Pierre Curie and start a family B. To escape poverty and political unrest in Poland C. To study physics and chemistry at a university D. To work in a famous laboratory with advanced equipment 5.How did Marie Curie respond to gender discrimination? A. She gave up her scientific research and returned to Poland B. She ignored the criticism and continued her work persistently C. She had fierce arguments with her critics in public D. She changed her research field to avoid discrimination 6.What does the underlined word “prestigious” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Low-paid B. Famous and respected C. Dangerous D. Temporary 7.What is the author’s attitude toward Marie Curie? A. Admiring B. Critical C. Neutral D. Doubtful C A 2022 study published in the Journal of Positive Psychology delved into how teenagers cultivate courage through daily challenges, shedding light on the factors that shape this vital character trait. Researchers from Stanford University recruited 400 high school students across the United States and followed them for two years, meticulously recording their responses to common difficulties such as academic failures, friendship conflicts, family financial struggles, and self-esteem issues. The study revealed that teenagers who proactively confronted challenges—instead of shying away from them—developed stronger courage and resilience over time. A typical example is Emma, a 16-year-old student who suffered from severe stage fright. Instead of skipping class presentations or asking for exemptions, she committed to practicing public speaking every day after school, recorded herself to identify weaknesses, and sought constructive feedback from her teacher and peers. Gradually, her anxiety diminished, and by the end of the study, she could deliver speeches to large audiences with poise and confidence. Dr. Sarah Chen, the lead researcher, emphasized: “Courage is not an inborn talent but a skill that can be honed through deliberate practice. Every time a teenager chooses to do something that scares them, they are essentially training their ‘courage muscle.’” The study also highlighted that social support played a pivotal role—students who communicated openly with parents or trusted mentors about their fears were more likely to face challenges bravely. However, the most crucial determinant was their own mindset: viewing difficulties as “growth opportunities” rather than insurmountable “threats” made all the difference in their ability to build courage. 8.What was the core focus of the 2022 study? A. How to resolve teenage friendship conflicts effectively B. The relationship between family financial status and students’ grades C. How teenagers develop courage through daily challenges D. Ways to improve teenagers’ academic performance quickly 9.Why could Emma overcome her stage fright? A. She received a large sum of money from the researchers to hire a coach B. She avoided all public speaking opportunities in school C. She practiced regularly, self-reflected, and sought feedback D. She was born with a natural talent for public speaking 10.What does the underlined word “honed” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Wasted B. Developed and improved C. Forgotten D. Destroyed 11.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Courage is an inborn talent that cannot be improved B. Social support is the most important factor in building courage C. Avoiding challenges helps teenagers reduce anxiety D. Viewing difficulties as growth opportunities aids courage development D The age-old debate over whether adversity strengthens people or breaks them has long divided psychologists and sociologists. Some scholars argue that severe hardship, such as chronic poverty, traumatic accidents, or persistent discrimination, can leave deep emotional scars that last a lifetime. Others, however, contend that well-handled adversity fosters resilience, courage, and emotional maturity. A recent groundbreaking study by the University of Pennsylvania has shed new light on this controversy by comparing two distinct groups of adults: those who had faced significant adversity and managed to overcome it, and those who had deliberately avoided all major challenges throughout their lives. The study’s findings indicated that the first group—individuals who had triumphed over struggles like childhood poverty, serious illness, or career failures—exhibited higher levels of emotional strength, problem-solving capabilities, and empathy compared to the second group. However, this positive outcome was only observed in those who had access to social support (such as family, friends, or mentors) and maintained a positive outlook. For instance, David, a 45-year-old entrepreneur, grew up in a poverty-stricken family and dropped out of high school at 16 due to financial pressure. With the guidance of a supportive mentor who believed in his potential, he returned to night school, earned a college degree, and eventually built a successful tech company. “Adversity alone didn’t make me stronger,” David reflected. “It was the courage to keep trying despite repeated setbacks, combined with the unwavering support of people who cared about me.” In contrast, the study found that people who had avoided all challenges often lacked self-confidence and struggled to cope with unexpected problems in adulthood. Psychologists involved in the research warned that not all adversity is beneficial—trauma that is not accompanied by support or the ability to process it can have devastating and long-term effects. Nevertheless, when faced with courage, resilience, and adequate support, difficulties can serve as a powerful catalyst for personal growth. The key takeaway is not to actively seek out adversity, but to cultivate the mindset and support network necessary to face it bravely when it inevitably arises. 12.What two groups did the University of Pennsylvania study compare? A. Rich adults and poor adults from different countries B. Adults who overcame adversity and those who avoided challenges C. Young adults and elderly adults with different life experiences D. Successful entrepreneurs and unsuccessful office workers 13.Why did David achieve success despite his difficult background? A. He avoided all major challenges in his life to reduce risks B. He received financial support from his wealthy relatives C. He had a mentor’s guidance and refused to give up easily D. He was born with exceptional business talent and intelligence 14.What do psychologists warn about adversity? A. It always has a positive impact on people’s emotional health B. People should actively seek out adversity to build courage C. Trauma without proper support can cause long-term harm D. Adversity has no significant effect on personal growth 15.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Adversity is universally beneficial for everyone’s growth B. Avoiding challenges is the best way to maintain mental health C. With courage and support, adversity can promote personal growth D. Poor people are more likely to succeed than wealthy people 第二节、七选五（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） （根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项是多于选项。）请涂到机读卡16-20题上。 Face Adversity with Courage Life is full of unexpected challenges. No one can avoid adversity, whether it is academic pressure, failed experiences or interpersonal troubles. The difference between successful people and ordinary people lies in how they treat difficulties. 16. ________ Stop fearing temporary failures Many people give up halfway just because of one failure. They regard failure as the end of their journey instead of a temporary setback. 17. ________ Every failure carries valuable lessons that we can never learn from success. It polishes our will and helps us recognize our shortcomings. 18. ________ Adversity is not always bad. In fact, it is a necessary part of growth. Smooth life makes people lazy and fragile, while difficulties force us to step out of our comfort zones. When we are trapped in tough situations, we have to think bravely and try new methods. 19. ________ Keep moving forward steadily Courage in adversity is not about being fearless, but about moving forward despite fear. It is normal to feel upset or tired when facing difficulties. 20. ________ As long as we keep trying and stick to our goals, adversity will finally become the stepping stone to our success. In short, adversity tests our courage and shapes our growth. With brave hearts, we can turn every difficulty into motivation for progress. A. See adversity as a chance to grow. B. But we should never stop pursuing our dreams. C. We should learn to face adversity with courage. D. This process exactly makes us stronger and more capable. E. Failure is the mother of true wisdom and strength. F. Most people are afraid of facing difficulties in daily life. G. It is difficult to achieve success without any difficulties. 第二部分 完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 When I was in junior high school, I suffered from a sudden illness that made me unable to walk freely. I had to stay in bed for months and 41. ________ most of my school lessons. During that period, I was trapped in deep sadness and 42. ________. I refused to talk with anyone and even 43. ________ giving up my study. My head teacher noticed my unusual 44. ________ and came to visit me every weekend. She told me that life is never 45. ________ and adversity is a common part of growth. She encouraged me not to be 46. ________ by temporary difficulties. At first, I could hardly accept her words, but her continuous patience and care 47. ________ my cold heart little by little. I decided to 48. ________. I started learning by myself at home every day. There were countless 49. ________ moments: confusing knowledge, lonely nights and slow progress. But I no longer felt 50. ________. I kept taking notes and doing exercises 51. ________. Whenever I wanted to quit, I reminded myself of the teacher’s 52. ________. After half a year’s hard work, I finally 53. ________ to return to school. Surprisingly, my grades were not worse than my classmates’. This experience taught me a precious 54. ________: courage is not the absence of fear, but the ability to 55. ________ fear and keep going in adversity. 21. A. miss B. take C. review D. teach 22. A. excitement B. hopelessness C. surprise D. calmness 23. A. insisted on B. dreamed of C. thought about D. depended on 24. A. behavior B. hobby C. choice D. mistake 25. A. busy B. perfect C. simple D. free 26. A. turned down B. broken down C. put down D. cut down 27. A. warmed B. controlled C. protected D. followed 28. A. give up B. hold on C. turn back D. calm down 29. A. easy B. funny C. tough D. lucky 30. A. lonely B. angry C. afraid D. shy 31. A. casually B. carefully C. secretly D. carelessly 32. A. warnings B. promises C. suggestions D. encouragements 33. A. managed B. planned C. hoped D. refused 34. A. method B. lesson C. skill D. attitude 35. A. hide B. ignore C. face D. remember 第三部分 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Courage is the most precious quality in our life. We will meet various difficulties in our growth, and only courage can help us overcome 56. ________ (they). A person without courage is easy 57. ________ (give) up when facing adversity. I once met a girl 58. ________ lost her parents at an early age. Instead of feeling sad and negative, she studied harder than others. She often said that adversity was 59. ________ best teacher. Every difficulty she experienced made her much 60. ________ (strong). Now she is an excellent college student. She believes that as long as we hold a brave heart, nothing can defeat us. It is courage 61. ________ supports us to move forward in tough times. We should not fear adversity, 62. ________ it can bring us endless growth and progress. Learning to be brave 63. ________ (require) constant practice. When you feel frustrated, tell yourself 64. ________ (brave) that you can make it. Gradually, you 65. ________ (gain) enough courage to face all challenges in life. 第四部分 书面表达（满分25分） 66.作文题目：The Light of Courage in Adversity 假定你将参加学校英语征文比赛，请以“The Light of Courage in Adversity”为题，写一篇短文，内容包括：1. 逆境无处不在；2. 勇气的重要性；3. 自身感悟。要求：内容完整，逻辑清晰，语言流畅，词数80-100字。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新疆乌鲁木齐经开区高二英语2025-2026学年第二学期阶段测试（人教版选必三unit4）周测卷答案 第一部分 基础知识检测 (共二节，满分45分) 一、 单词拼写和单句语法填空 (共30小题；每小题1分，满分30分) 1. endurance; 2. qualified; 3. enthusiastic; 4. sank; 5. was abandoned 6. belongings; 7. miserable; 8. perseverance; 9. resolution; 10. assigned 11. furniture; 12. Fortunately; 13. candidates; 14. guidance; 15. was advertised 16. loyal; 17. commitment; 18. to learn; 19. that; 20. off 21. wages; 22. envy; 23. genuine; 24. be resolved; 25. recreation 26. selfish; 27. have been preparing; 28. has been telling; 29. has been reciting; 30. are widening 二、完成句子 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 31. good-tempered; 32. is made up of; 33. stressed out; 34. turned; down; 35. gives off；36. nursery rhyme; 37. shaved off; 38. make fire; 39. dozens of; 40. is qualified for （一）单词词形转换填空（1-20） 1. endurance 解析：考查名词作宾语。形容词remarkable（显著的、非凡的）后接名词，endure为动词“忍耐、坚持”，名词形式endurance表示“耐力、毅力”，契合逆境坚持的主题。句意：他在患病期间展现出非凡的毅力。 2. qualified 解析：考查固定短语。be qualified for 为固定搭配，意为“有资格胜任……”。此处用形容词作表语。句意：严格来说，他并不胜任这份工作。 3. enthusiastic 解析：考查形容词作表语。be enthusiastic about 固定短语，意为“对……充满热情”。enthusiasm为名词，形容词形式为enthusiastic。句意：她对这种新教学法充满热情。 4. sank 解析：考查一般过去时。and连接并列谓语，struck为strike的过去式，时态保持一致，sink的过去式为sank（沉没）。句意：轮船撞上礁石沉没了。 5. was abandoned 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语The searching（搜寻工作）与abandon（放弃）为被动关系；时间状语after two weeks表过去，故用was abandoned。句意：两周后，对失踪儿童的搜寻工作被终止了。 6. belongings 解析：考查名词复数。belong表示“财物、所有物”时，必须用复数形式belongings。句意：她在火灾中失去了所有财物。 7. miserable 解析：考查形容词作表语。系动词felt后接形容词作表语，misery为名词“痛苦”，形容词形式miserable意为“痛苦的、悲惨的”。句意：听到这个坏消息，我们都倍感难过。 8. perseverance 解析：考查名词作宾语。have后接名词作宾语，persevere为动词“坚持不懈”，名词形式perseverance表示“毅力、恒心”，与confidence并列。句意：我们必须对自己拥有毅力和信心。 9. resolution 解析：考查名词作宾语。不定冠词a后接单数名词，resolve为动词“决心、决议”，名词形式resolution表示“决议、决定”。句意：我们已经通过了新建实验室的决议。 10. assigned 解析：考查非谓语动词作后置定语。assign与the work为被动关系，assigned to me 作后置定语，意为“分配给我的工作”。句意：我会尽力提前完成分配给我的工作。 11. furniture 解析：考查不可数名词。furniture为不可数名词，无复数形式，lots of 可修饰不可数名词。句意：我们家里有很多家具。 12. Fortunately 解析：考查副词作评注性状语。修饰整个句子需用副词，fortunate的副词形式Fortunately，意为“幸运的是”，句首首字母大写。句意：幸运的是，我们出发前雨就停了。 13. candidates 解析：考查名词复数。谓语动词won为原形，说明主语为复数，candidate（候选人）复数形式为candidates。句意：独立候选人赢得了地方议会的多数席位。 14. guidance 解析：考查名词作宾语。形容词性物主代词his后接名词，guide动词“指导”，名词形式guidance表示“指导、指引”。句意：在父亲的指导下，他学会了游泳。 15. was advertised 解析：考查一般过去时被动语态。定语从句中主语position与advertise（刊登广告）为被动关系；时间状语yesterday’s newspaper表过去，故用was advertised。句意：我想应聘昨天报纸上刊登的那个职位。 16. loyal 解析：考查形容词作表语。be loyal to 固定搭配，意为“对……忠诚”。loyalty为名词，此处用形容词作表语。句意：我们忠于自己的祖国。 17. commitment 解析：考查名词作宾语。不定冠词a后接单数名词，commit动词“承诺”，名词形式commitment，make a commitment to do 固定搭配“承诺做某事”。句意：他承诺按时支付房租。 18. to learn 解析：考查固定句型。too...to do sth. 固定结构，意为“太……而不能……”。句意：数学对我来说太难，学不好。 19. that 解析：考查结果状语从句。so...that... 固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。句意：我太累了，现在就想睡觉。 20. off 解析：考查固定短语。give off 固定搭配，意为“散发、发出（光、热、气味等）”。句意：太阳散发出光和热。 21. wages 解析：考查名词复数。根据后文“极少有人应聘岗位”及首字母w，可知wages（薪资、工资）符合语境，谓语were对应复数主语。句意：由于薪资微薄，很少有人应聘这个岗位。 22. envy 解析：考查名词。the + 名词 + of... 结构，envy作名词意为“羡慕、艳羡的对象”，贴合句意。句意：我很自豪，我们的移动支付已经成为各国艳羡的对象。 23. genuine 解析：考查形容词修饰名词。修饰名词hard work，用形容词genuine，表示“真正的、实打实的”。句意：我们必须采取切实行动推进发展，用实打实的拼搏铸就美好未来。 24. be resolved 解析：考查情态动词被动语态。主语the issue（问题）与resolve（解决）为被动关系，情态动词can后接be+过去分词。句意：很难找到让所有人都满意的解决方案。 25. recreation 解析：考查名词并列。与sightseeing（观光）并列，用名词形式，recreate动词“娱乐”，名词recreation表示“休闲、娱乐”。句意：河畔区域绿荫环绕、公园遍布，成为了观光休闲的热门胜地。 26. selfish 解析：考查形容词作定语。汉语提示“自私的”，对应形容词selfish，修饰名词teenager。句意：我不再是曾经那个自私的少年，我开始多为他人着想，责任感也更强了。 27. have been preparing 解析：考查现在完成进行时。时间状语recently，且语境表示“近期一直在备考，持续进行且仍在继续”，用have been preparing。句意：我最近一直在备战期末考试，身心俱疲。 28. has been telling 解析：考查现在完成进行时。since 9 a.m. 表动作从过去持续到现在，且可能继续，主语为单数，用has been telling。句意：从上午九点开始，经理就一直在指导员工如何优化项目方案。 29. has been reciting 解析：考查现在完成进行时。all the evening 强调整晚持续的动作，延续至今，主语单数，用has been reciting。句意：她一整晚都在背诵单词。 30. are widening 解析：考查现在进行时。these days 提示现阶段正在进行的动作，用现在进行时are widening。句意：这些天他们正在拓宽道路。 （三）短语动词/固定搭配填空（31-40） 31. good-tempered 解析：复合形容词作定语，good-tempered 意为“脾气好的、温和的”，与后文“从不生气”对应。句意：我父亲脾气很好，即便出了问题也从不发火。 32. is made up of 解析：固定短语be made up of “由……组成”，主语the new team为单数，客观事实用一般现在时。句意：这支新团队由五名资深队员和三名新成员组成。 33. stressed out 解析：固定短语stressed out “焦虑的、压力大的”，作表语，贴合考前心境。句意：考前感到压力大时，深呼吸可以帮助你平复情绪。 34. turned; down 解析：固定短语turn sb. down “拒绝某人”，根据applied可知时态为一般过去时。句意：她申请了志愿者岗位，但因经验不足被拒绝了。 35. gives off 解析：固定短语give off “释放、散发（气体、异味）”，主语the factory为单数，一般现在时。句意：这家工厂释放大量有害气体，造成了严重污染。 36. nursery rhyme 解析：固定名词短语nursery rhyme “童谣、儿歌”，贴合教小朋友学知识的语境。句意：老师唱了一首经典童谣，帮助小朋友学习数字。 37. shaved off 解析：固定短语shave off “剃掉、刮掉”，根据surprised可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。句意：他剃光了所有头发参与公益活动，让所有人都很意外。 38. make fire 解析：固定短语make fire “生火”，it takes sb. some time to do sth. 句型，用动词原形。句意：寒冷的夜晚，露营者在野外森林里花了一小时生火。 39. dozens of 解析：固定短语dozens of “许多、大量”，修饰可数名词复数reasons。句意：保护环境的理由有很多，每一个微小的行动都至关重要。 40. is qualified for 解析：固定短语be qualified for “胜任、符合资格”，主语he为单数，客观评价用一般现在时。句意：他教学经验丰富、沟通能力出众，完全胜任班主任一职。 第二部分 综合知识检测 (共两节，满分 分) 四 、 阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分) 1. ：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上写上正确答案。(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) A篇 1.答案 B 考点：细节理解（避免张冠李戴） 解析：根据第一段第二句 “Li Hua, a 22-year-old college student home for vacation, found himself trapped with his neighbors” 可知，李华是放假回家时意外被困，A “作为当地官员被派去救援”、C “是专业救援人员”、D “旅行时被困” 均与原文不符（张冠李戴），故选 B。 2.答案 C 考点：细节推理 解析：第二段提到 “sharp debris in the water scratched his arms and legs, leaving painful wounds”，可推断他救援时受伤，A “10 小时内用专业设备救援”（原文是 8 小时，无专业设备，偷换概念）、B “用船救援”（原文是游泳，无中生有）、D “被强迫救援”（原文是主动救援，与文意相反），故选 C。 3答案 C 考点：标题归纳 解析：文章核心是李华在洪水中展现勇气救援他人，A “中国西南的洪水”（仅背景，以偏概全）、B “如何在洪水求生”（未涉及，无中生有）、D “洪水救援的危险”（非核心，以偏概全），故选 C。 B篇 4答案 C 考点：细节理解 解析：第一段 “she dreamed of studying physics and chemistry... women were barred from attending universities in her home country... moved to Paris” 可知，她去巴黎是为了上大学学物理和化学，A “为了结婚”（结婚是后来的事，时间混淆）、B “逃离贫困和动荡”（贫困是在巴黎的状态，非原因，偷换概念）、D “在著名实验室工作”（原文实验室简陋，无中生有），故选 C。 5答案 B 考点：细节理解 解析：第三段 “but Marie ignored the malicious remarks and kept pushing forward” 可知，她忽视批评继续工作，A “放弃研究回国”、C “公开与批评者争论”、D “换研究领域” 均与原文不符，故选 B。 6答案 B 考点：词义猜测 解析：前文提到她是诺贝尔奖得主、巴黎大学教授，这些都是 “著名且受尊敬的” 职位，A “低薪的”、C “危险的”、D “临时的” 均不符合语境，故选 B。 7答案 A 考点：作者态度 解析：文中用 “extraordinary”“vital” 等褒义词，描述她克服重重困难的成就，体现作者的 “钦佩” 态度，B “批评的”、C “中立的”、D “怀疑的” 均不符合，故选 A。 C篇 8.答案 C 考点：主旨理解（避免以偏概全） 解析：第一段首句 “A 2022 study... delved into how teenagers cultivate courage through daily challenges” 明确研究核心，A “解决友谊冲突”、B “家庭经济与成绩”、D “提高学业成绩” 均是研究中的次要细节（以偏概全），故选 C。 9.答案 C 考点：细节理解（避免偷换概念） 解析：第二段 “she committed to practicing... recorded herself... sought constructive feedback” 可知，她通过练习、自我反思和寻求反馈克服恐惧，A “获研究资金雇教练”（无中生有）、B “避免演讲”（与原文相反）、D “天生有天赋”（原文强调后天练习，偷换概念），故选 C。 10.答案 B 考点：词义猜测（结合长难句） 解析：前文 “Courage is not an inborn talent but a skill”，后句 “through deliberate practice”，可推断 “honed” 意为 “培养和提升”，A “浪费”、C “忘记”、D “摧毁” 均相反，故选 B。 11.答案 D 考点：细节判断（避免无中生有） 解析：第三段 “viewing difficulties as ‘growth opportunities’ rather than... made all the difference” 可知 D 正确，A “勇气是天生的”（与原文 “not an inborn talent” 相反）、B “社会支持是最重要因素”（原文 “most crucial determinant was their own mindset”，偷换概念）、C “避免挑战减少焦虑”（未提及，无中生有），故选 D。 D篇 12.答案 B 考点：细节理解（长难句分析） 解析：第一段 “comparing two distinct groups of adults: those who had faced significant adversity and managed to overcome it, and those who had deliberately avoided all major challenges” 可知，对比 “克服逆境者” 和 “逃避挑战者”，A “贫富对比”、C “年龄对比”、D “企业家与上班族对比” 均与原文不符（张冠李戴），故选 B。 13.答案 C 考点：细节推理 解析：第二段 “With the guidance of a supportive mentor... the courage to keep trying despite repeated setbacks” 可知，他成功源于导师指导和不放弃，A “避免挑战”（与原文相反）、B “亲戚经济支持”（无中生有）、D “天生天赋”（原文强调努力和支持，偷换概念），故选 C。 14.答案 C 考点：细节理解 解析：第三段 “Psychologists... warned that not all adversity is beneficial—trauma that is not accompanied by support... can have devastating and long-term effects” 可知，无支持的创伤会造成长期伤害，A “总是有积极影响”（绝对化，与原文矛盾）、B “主动寻求逆境”（原文 “not to actively seek out adversity”，相反）、D “无影响”（与原文不符），故选 C。 15.答案 C 考点：主旨归纳（避免以偏概全） 解析：文章核心是 “有勇气和支持时，逆境能促进成长”，A “逆境对所有人有益”（绝对化，以偏概全）、B “逃避挑战有益心理健康”（与原文相反）、D “穷人更易成功”（未提及，无中生有），故选 C。 第二节、五、七选五（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 七选五答案&解析 答案：16.C 17.E 18.A 19.D 20.B 16.【解析】段尾承上启下。前文点明逆境无处不在、人与人的差距在于应对困境的方式，C项“我们应学会勇敢面对逆境”承接上文、引出下文对策。 17.【解析】段中语境衔接。前文讲述人们畏惧失败、半途而废，后文说明失败的价值，E项“失败是智慧与力量的源泉”衔接前后，诠释失败的意义。 18.【解析】小标题主旨概括。本段主要讲述逆境是成长的契机、倒逼我们突破自我，A项“把逆境视为成长的机会”精准概括段落核心。 19.【解析】段尾总结。前文讲述困境迫使我们思考、尝试新方法，D项“这个过程让我们更强大、更有能力”总结该行为带来的收获。 20.【解析】段中转折衔接。前文指出面对困境失落疲惫是正常的，后文强调坚持的意义，B项“但我们永远不能停止追逐梦想”形成转折逻辑，贴合语境。 第二部分 完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 21.A【简单】考查动词辨析。生病卧床数月，因此错过大部分课程，miss“错过”符合语境。 22.B【简单】考查名词辨析。生病无法正常生活学习，陷入悲伤和绝望，hopelessness“绝望”贴合心境。 23.C【中等】考查动词短语。作者状态低落，甚至考虑放弃学业，think about“考虑”符合语境。 24.A【中等】考查名词辨析。班主任发现作者反常的行为状态，behavior“行为、举止”正确。 25.B【难题】考查形容词辨析。老师开导作者，人生从不是完美的，逆境是常态，perfect“完美的”契合主旨。 26.B【难题】考查动词短语。老师鼓励作者不要被暂时的困难击垮，break down“击垮、崩溃”符合句意。 27.A【简单】考查动词辨析。老师的耐心和关怀慢慢温暖了作者冰冷的内心，warm“温暖”正确。 28.B【难题】考查动词短语。受到鼓励后，作者决定坚持下去，hold on“坚持、不放弃”贴合语境。 29.C【简单】考查形容词辨析。居家自学的过程充满艰难时刻，tough“艰难的”符合语境。 30.C【中等】考查形容词辨析。虽然过程艰难，但作者不再畏惧，afraid“害怕的”正确。 31.B【中等】考查副词辨析。作者认真记笔记、刷题努力学习，carefully“认真地”贴合语境。 32.D【难题】考查名词辨析。每当想放弃时，就想起老师的鼓励，encouragement“鼓励”正确。 33.A【中等】考查动词辨析。经过半年努力，作者成功返校，manage to do“成功做成某事”。 34.B【难题】考查名词辨析。这段经历让作者学到珍贵的道理，teach sb. a lesson为固定搭配。 35.C【难题】考查动词辨析。勇气是直面恐惧、在逆境中前行的能力，face“直面、面对”契合主旨。 第三部分 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 36.them 考查代词。动词overcome后接宾格作宾语，they的宾格为them。 37.to give 考查非谓语。固定句型be easy to do sth.“做某事很容易”。 38.who/that 考查定语从句。先行词为girl（人），从句缺主语，用who/that。 39.the 考查冠词。最高级best前必须加定冠词the。 40.stronger 考查比较级。much修饰形容词比较级，strong的比较级为stronger。 41.that 考查强调句型。It is...that...强调句型，此处强调主语courage。 42.because 考查连词。前后为因果关系，不畏惧逆境，因为逆境能带来成长。 43.requires 考查主谓一致。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 44.bravely 考查副词。修饰动词tell，用副词形式bravely。 45.will gain 考查时态。Gradually（逐渐地）表将来结果，用一般将来时。 四、书面表达评分标准 1. 满分25分，词数75-85词、内容完整、逻辑清晰、语法无误，得22-25分； 2. 内容完整、少量语法错误、语句通顺，得18-21分； 3. 内容残缺、语法错误较多、逻辑混乱，得10-17分； 4. 偏离主题、词数严重不足、语句不通顺，10分以下。 Life is full of various adversities, which we can never avoid in our growth. Failure, pressure and setbacks are always around us. It is courage that helps us walk out of tough situations. Keeping brave in adversity makes us stronger and more independent. Faced with difficulties, we should never give up easily. Only by embracing adversity bravely can we gain progress. Adversity is not terrible. What matters is our attitude. Courage will always be the brightest light guiding us forward. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $