Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 主题专练-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

**基本信息** 高一下B3U4主题专练（72.5分/50分钟），聚焦太空探索、AI语言影响等时代主题，融合中国咖啡复兴等文化素材，适配单元复习，兼顾语言能力提升与思维品质培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|17题/42.5分|细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测|以嫦娥四号探月、AI词汇偏好为情境，考查信息提取与逻辑分析，体现科技前沿与文化传承| |语言运用|25题/30分|词汇辨析、语法应用（时态/非谓语等）|完形填空模拟火星生存任务，语法填空聚焦中国空间站建设，强化语境中语言运用与学习能力|

B3U4专练 参考答案 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. D 七选五 13. G 14. A 15. E 16. B 17. F 完形填空 18. B 19. D 20. C 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. A 31. B 32. C 语法填空 33. called 34. which 35. experiments 36. to receive 37. has sent 38. third 39. growing 40. carefully 41. a 42. To 第一节阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】主要讲述四川省咖啡店老板丁志在2009年因顾客询问中国是否产咖啡，前往云南探寻，发现云南高黎贡山咖啡豆曾获国际大奖却被公众遗忘。此后17年，他致力于复兴云南咖啡豆，打造 “有东方灵魂的咖啡馆”。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In 2009, when Ding was traveling along remote mountain roads, a customer casually asked whether China produced coffee. Realizing he couldn’t answer it, he went to Yunnan to find out.(2009年，丁志在偏远山区道路上旅行时，一位顾客不经意间问中国是否生产咖啡。意识到自己无法回答这个问题，他前往云南去弄清楚)”可知，丁志2009年首次前往云南是为了弄清楚中国是否生产咖啡。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“What he discovered changed his life: acres of Typica coffee trees, whose flavorful (有风味的) beans had earned the Eureka Gold Medal at an international expo in Brussels 16 years earlier. Yet that achievement had faded from public memory, buried by the rise of Western coffee culture in China.(他的发现彻底改变了自己的人生：大片的蒂皮卡（Typica）咖啡树，其风味浓郁的咖啡豆，早在 16 年前就于布鲁塞尔的一场国际博览会上斩获了尤里卡金奖。然而，随着西方咖啡文化在中国兴起，这份成就渐渐淡出了公众的记忆，被湮没在时代浪潮中）可知，西方咖啡文化的兴起使人们忘记了云南咖啡的成就。 【3题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第四段“He left grass growing under the trees to preserve soil health and used clay pottery for fermentation (发酵) instead of industrial methods, developing distinctive flavors through a process others considered impractical. “They called me crazy” Ding said.”(他让树下的草生长以保持土壤健康，并使用陶罐进行发酵，而不是采用工业方法，通过一个其他人认为不切实际的过程开发出独特的风味。丁志说：“他们说我疯了。”)”可知，当地人认为他的做法不切实际，嘲笑他，“mockery”意思可能是“Laughter.”（嘲笑）。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。主要讲述四川省咖啡店老板丁志在 2009 年因顾客询问中国是否产咖啡，前往云南探寻，发现云南高黎贡山咖啡豆曾获国际大奖却被公众遗忘。此后 17 年，他致力于复兴云南咖啡豆，打造 “有东方灵魂的咖啡馆”。他采用独特方法种植咖啡豆，虽遭嘲笑仍坚持，还开启重走南方丝绸之路推广云南咖啡的项目，其坚持获得认可，旨在表明个人努力可复兴被遗忘的瑰宝，所以D选项“One person’s effort can help to revive a forgotten treasure.(一个人的努力可以帮助复兴一件被遗忘的瑰宝)最能传达文章信息。 【答案】5. D 6. A 7. A 8. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要说明了研究发现AI偏爱小众书面词汇，源于外包测评人员的用语习惯。语言本不断发展，作者客观认为AI大概率会逐步影响人类词汇使用与语言发展。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, these words are becoming more common in some written content, as a study in 2024 found that five percent of all articles published on a research site used the word “delve”.(然而，这些词汇在一些书面内容中变得越来越常见。2024年的一项研究发现，在一个研究网站上发布的所有文章中，有5%使用了“delve”这个词)”可知，“delve”这个词在书面语中的使用频率有所增加。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The process of rating AI responses, as part of training the software, is called “reinforcement (强化) learning from human feedback (反馈)”, and this provides the first clue about why ChatGPT favors certain words.(在对人工智能的回应进行评级的过程中（这是软件训练的一部分），这一过程被称为“基于人类反馈的强化学习”，这为了解ChatGPT偏爱某些特定词汇提供了第一个线索)”可知，Chat GPT会倾向于使用某些特定的词汇是因为它是根据人类的反馈进行训练的。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In some ways, AI has already left its mark. Of course, language is a living thing, often affected by current events and by new technology. The point is that language is always updating itself, and how we use language is affected by the people we talk to and by the media we consume. As AI-generated media spreads, it is possible, even likely that AI will affect the development of our own vocabulary.(在某些方面，人工智能已经留下了其印记。当然，语言是一种鲜活的事物，往往会受到当前事件和新技术的影响。关键在于语言总是在不断更新，而我们使用语言的方式也会受到与我们交流的人以及我们所消费的媒体的影响。随着由人工智能生成的媒体的传播，有可能（甚至很可能会）人工智能会影响我们自身的词汇发展)”可知，作者对于人工智能对语言的影响持客观态度。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Since ChatGPT was released to the public in November 2022, we’ve seen that artificial intelligence (AI) favors certain words. Why does ChatGPT prefer these words? The answer is actually very human. While ChatGPT seems to think for itself, what it really does is analyze a very large amount of human-generated (生成) information, and use the data to spit out answers to our enquiry (询问). It doesn’t actually understand what it’s telling us.(自2022年11月ChatGPT向公众发布以来，我们发现人工智能（AI）倾向于使用某些特定的词汇。那么，ChatGPT为何会偏爱这些词汇呢？其实答案与人类非常相似。虽然ChatGPT似乎能独立思考，但其实它所做的只是分析大量人类生成的信息，并利用这些数据来为我们解答问题。它实际上并不真正理解它所告诉我们的内容)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现AI偏爱小众书面词汇，源于外包测评人员的用语习惯。语言本不断发展，作者客观认为AI大概率会逐步影响人类词汇使用与语言发展。可知，B选项“人工智能正在重塑人类的语言使用方式”最符合文章标题。 【答案】9. D 10. B 11. C 12. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，中国“嫦娥四号”实现人类首次在月球背面软着陆，文章主要介绍了其意义及中国工程师是如何解决主要的通信问题的。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result of extensive preparation and planning, the Shenzhou crewed program began in 1992, and the first Chinese astronaut, Yang Liwei, went into space in 2003. Chang’e-1, a lunar orbiter was launched in 2007, while Tiangong-1, an experimental crewed space station was launched in 2011.(经过广泛的准备和规划，神舟载人计划于1992年开始，第一位中国宇航员杨利伟于2003年进入太空。2007年，中国发射了月球轨道飞行器‘嫦娥一号’，2011年发射了实验载人空间站‘天宫一号’)”可知，在准备和规划中，中国的太空计划一直在进步。故选D。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2019, Chang’e-4 made a soft landing on the far side of the moon.(2019年，嫦娥四号在月球背面实现软着陆)”及“To understand why Chang’e-4’s soft landing was such an achievement, consider the difficulty of any space mission, especially one to the far side of the moon.(要理解为什么嫦娥四号的软着陆是一个如此大的成就，考虑一下任何太空任务的难度，尤其是前往月球背面的任务)”可知，嫦娥四号在月球着陆是一个很大的成就，这是因为前往月球背面的任务难度极大，而嫦娥四号在月球背面实现了软着陆。故选B。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“This experiment worked for nine days, but it had to be stopped when the temperatures dropped below -52°C.(这个实验持续了9天，但当温度降到-52°C以下时，它不得不停止)”可知，嫦娥四号停止生态实验是因为温度太低，无法继续。故选C。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“In 2019, Chang’e-4 made a soft landing on the far side of the moon. It was mankind’s first successful soft landing on the far side of the moon.(2019年，嫦娥四号在月球背面实现软着陆。这是人类首次在月球背面成功软着陆)”可知，文章主要介绍了嫦娥四号在月球背面实现软着陆的意义及中国工程师是如何解决主要的通信问题的。由此推知，本文可能出自一本杂志。故选D。 七选五【答案】13. G 14. A 15. E 16. B 17. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火星的自然环境以及火星任务的实施难度。 13题详解】 根据上文“Mars is truly a fascinating planet for those of us here on Earth.(对于我们地球上的人来说，火星确实是一个迷人的星球)”以及后文“It is about half as big as Earth and is often referred to as the Red Planet because of its red surface.(它大约有地球的一半大，经常被称为红色星球，因为它的表面是红色的)”可知，本句与后文并列，都是在介绍火星，G选项中it指代Mars。故G选项“它是少数几个我们能用肉眼看到的行星之一”符合语境，故选G。 【14题详解】 根据上文“The Red Planet has the largest volcano in the solar system-Olympus Mons.(这颗红色星球上有太阳系中最大的火山——奥林匹斯山)”以及后文“That’s about three times the height of Mount Qomolangma.(这大约是珠穆朗玛峰高度的三倍)”可知，本句是在说明奥林匹斯山的高度。故A选项“大约27千米高”符合语境，故选A。 【15题详解】 根据上文“Mars also has an atmosphere, but it is very thin and made up mostly of carbon dioxide. Because of its thin atmosphere and greater distance from the Sun, Mars is much colder than Earth.(火星也有大气层，但大气层很薄，主要由二氧化碳组成。由于火星大气层稀薄，距离太阳更远，所以它比地球冷得多)”以及后文“The dust storms of Mars can grow so big that sometimes they blanket the entire planet and last for months. The poles on Mars are a lot like Antarctica, capped by ice, but much of Mars’s ice is made from carbon dioxide, not water.(火星上的沙尘暴会变得非常大，有时会覆盖整个星球，持续数月之久火星的两极很像南极洲，被冰覆盖，但火星的大部分冰是由二氧化碳而不是水构成的)”可知，本句是在说明火星上的气候，后文提到了沙尘暴，可见火星上有风，故E选项“然而，火星确实有天气，有云和风”符合语境，故选E。 【16题详解】 根据后文“Since 1960, more than half of all attempted Mars missions have failed.(自1960年以来，超过一半的火星任务都失败了)”可知，后文提到很多火星任务都失败了，可见火星任务并不容易实施。故B选项“火星任务从来都不容易”符合语境，故选B。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Chinese experts are confident about their plan to explore Mars, in spite of the many challenges. The first Mars unmanned spacecraft was launched from Wenchang around 2020. But it is only the beginning of deep voyages into outer space.(尽管面临诸多挑战，中国专家对他们的火星探测计划充满信心。第一艘火星无人飞船于2020年前后在文昌发射升空。但这只是外太空深度航行的开始)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明中国对宇宙的探索方向，故F选项“中国将继续探索宇宙的奥秘”符合语境，故选F。 完形填空【答案】18. B 19. D 20. C 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. A 31. B 32. C 【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项实验，六名成员经过长达近一年与世隔绝的“火星生活”体验，总结了人类移居火星前应该具备的四种能力。 【18题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们是模拟火星任务成员，在这座建筑物里生活了将近一年，与世界其他地方隔绝。A. captains队长；B. members成员；C. astronauts宇航员；D. directors导演。根据上文的“six people”和文章第四段中的“group members”可知，句中的“They”代指的是上文提到的从建筑物中出来的六个人，他们是这次任务的小组成员。故选B项。 【19题详解】 考查动词/动词短语词义辨析。句意：他们是模拟火星任务的成员，在这座建筑物里生活了将近一年，与世界其他地方隔绝。A. pulled拉；B. kept free保持自由；C. protected保护；D. cut off隔离，阻断。根据句中“a simulated (模拟的) mission to Mars”可知，他们在进行一个模拟火星的任务，由此可知，他们模拟在火星上的生活，待在建筑物里不出来，与世界其他地方隔绝了，“cut off from…”意为“与……隔绝”。故选D项。 【20题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次火星任务是一项正在进行的实验的一部分，旨在探索人类如何应对生活在另一个星球上的挑战。A. explanation解释；B. holiday假期；C. experiment实验；D. game游戏。根据下文“Based on the _____ of the experiment so far”中的“experiment”可知，句中的火星任务是一项正在进行的实验的一部分。故选C项。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据目前为止的实验结果，以下是你在火星上生存所需的四种能力。A. results结果；B. origins起源；C. wishes愿望；D. requirements要求。根据句中“here are four abilities you would need to _____ on Mars”可知，下文介绍了在火星上生存所需的四种能力，这四种能力应该是通过实验结果总结出来的，由此可知，句中指根据目前为止的实验结果。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据目前为止的实验结果，以下是你在火星上生存所需的四种能力。A. refuse拒绝；B. copy复制；C. argue争论；D. survive生存。根据上文“how people would deal with the challenges of living on another planet”可知，这次实验旨在探索人类如何生活在另一个星球上，由此可知，实验结果展示的是在另一个星球上生存所需的能力。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当供水系统中断时，该小组有两个选择。A. tasks任务；B. choices选择；C. dreams梦想；D. conditions条件。根据下文“They could figure out how to fix it or they could _____ months for supplies to be delivered from “Earth””可知，当供水系统中断时，他们可以想办法解决问题，也可以等从“地球”运送来的物资，由此可知，这是该小组面临的两个选择。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们可以想办法修理它，也可以等几个月再从“地球”运来物资——到那时他们就死定了。所以他们自己修好了。A. spread传播；B. prepare准备；C. wait等待；D. leave离开。根据句中“by which point they would be dead”可知，等从“地球”运来物资时，他们就死定了，由此可知，要想获得从地球运送来的物资，需要等待几个月。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他们自己修好了。A. fixed修理；B. watered给……浇水；C. called呼叫；D. planted种植。根据上文“They could figure out how to fix it”中的“fix”可知，他们可以选择想办法修理它，由此可知，他们没有等待“地球”运来的物资，而是自己修好了供水系统。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：小组成员表示，无聊是一个重大挑战。A. desire渴望；B. habit习惯；C. ability能力；D. challenge挑战。根据下文“On Mars, you wouldn’t have Netflix or Xbox”可知，在火星上，你不会有Netflix或Xbox等娱乐活动，你会感到无聊，由此可知，无聊对小组成员来说是一个重大挑战。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在火星上，你不会有Netflix或Xbox，所以你必须找到其他形式的娱乐活动。A. limit限制；B. forget忘记；C. find找到；D. leap跳跃。根据句中“On Mars, you wouldn’t have Netflix or Xbox”可知，在火星上，你不会有Netflix或Xbox等娱乐活动，由此可知，你必须找到其他形式的娱乐活动。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你很容易被人惹恼，火星上的生活可能不适合你。A. hardly几乎不；B. easily容易地；C. secretly秘密地；D. suddenly突然。根据上文“The third is Tolerance (宽容).”可知，在火星上生活，宽容很重要，由此可知，如果你很容易被人惹恼，那么你不适合在火星上生活。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论是吃饭、工作、锻炼还是放松，你都几乎不会独自一人。A. alone单独的；B. polite礼貌的；C. successful成功的；D. normal正常的。根据上文“The building is only a quarter of the size of a basketball court.”可知，这座建筑只有篮球场的四分之一，空间很小，由此可知，你几乎不会单独吃饭、工作、锻炼或是放松。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在执行任务期间，小组与“地球”上的任何人之间没有实时通信。A. communication通信，交流；B. system系统；C. teaching教学；D. meeting会议。根据下文“They have email, ____ messages are on a 20-minute delay (延迟)”可知，小组成员与“地球”之间的信息交流会延迟20分钟，由此可知，小组与“地球”上的任何人之间没有实时通信。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：他们有电子邮件，但信息延迟20分钟，模拟信息在地球和火星之间传播所需的时间。A. so所以；B. but但是；C. if如果；D. unless除非。根据空格前“They have email”和空格后“messages are on a 20-minute delay”可知，空格前后为转折关系，虽然他们有电子邮件，但信息延迟20分钟，“but”意为“但是”，符合语境。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们有电子邮件，但信息延迟20分钟，模拟信息在地球和火星之间传播所需的时间。A. escape逃脱；B. walk步行；C. travel传播，转送；D. change改变。根据空格前“messages are on a 20-minute delay”和空格后“between Earth and Mars”可知，信息延迟20分钟是为了模拟信息在地球和火星之间传播所需的时间，“travel”意为“传播，转送”，符合语境。故选C项。 语法填空【答案】33. called 34. which 35. experiments 36. to receive 37. has sent 38. third 39. growing 40. carefully 41. a 42. to 【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国建立新空间站的重要意义。 【33题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：三名宇航员在空间站的主要居住空间“太空舱”里呆了三个月。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词space，call和space为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填called。 【34题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这个太空舱被命名为“天和”，在中文中意为“天合”。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Tian he，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：宇航员们进行了科学实验，还完成了太空行走，为空间站明年接收另外两个模块做准备。空处和“walks”并列，需填名词作宾语，experiment为可数名词，此处需用复数形式。故填experiments。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据“next year”可知，此处用动词不定式表将来。故填to recieve。 【37题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：自2003年首次发射以来，中国已将十多名宇航员送入太空。根据时间状语“since its first launch in 2003”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为China，助动词用has。故填has sent。 【38题详解】 考查序数词。句意：这是继前苏联和美国之后第三个这样做的国家。定冠词the修饰序数词，此处表示“第三个”应用序数词third，故填third。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：20世纪90年代，随着经济的增长，中国制定了太空探索计划。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，economy和grow为逻辑主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填growing。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：从那以后，它一直在认真地执行这一计划。修饰动词短语carry out需用副词carefully作状语。故填carefully。 【41题详解】 考查冠词。句意：然而，中国很可能无论如何都会建造自己的空间站，因为它的目标是成为一个主要的太空大国。space power为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且major发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：它代表着这个国家在过去40年里从一个贫穷的国家崛起为世界第二大经济体。from…to…为固定短语，意为“从……到……”。故填to。 第9页/共9页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025–2026高一下B3U4主题专练 （卷面分值: 72.5分 考试时间: 50分钟） 第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分42.5分） 第一节（共12小题；每小题2.5分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Coffee beans grown in the misty Gaoligong Mountains of Yunnan province had already been named among the world’s best — winning gold at an international competition in Belgium. But Ding Zhi, a coffee shop owner in Sichuan province, didn’t know it yet. In 2009, when Ding was traveling along remote mountain roads, a customer casually asked whether China produced coffee. Realizing he couldn’t answer it, he went to Yunnan to find out. What he discovered changed his life: acres of Typica coffee trees, whose flavorful (有风味的) beans had earned the Eureka Gold Medal at an international expo in Brussels 16 years earlier. Yet that achievement had faded from public memory, buried by the rise of Western coffee culture in China. His discovery launched Ding on a 17-year task to revive (复兴) forgotten beans and build what he calls “a cafe with Eastern soul”. He is committed to selling only Yunnan coffee and eventually to controlling its quality from source to cup. In 2021, he established his own estate (庄园) in Baoshan, adopting methods that drew mockery from locals. He left grass growing under the trees to preserve soil health and used clay pottery for fermentation (发酵) instead of industrial methods, developing distinctive flavors through a process others considered impractical. “They called me crazy,” Ding said. “But if you want to revive something forgotten, you have to be willing to look foolish.” In May 2025, Ding started his most unusual project yet: retracing (追溯) the 2,400 - year - old Southern Silk Road. For 33 days, he traveled from Sanxingdui in Sichuan to Tengchong in Yunnan — often alone on horseback — brewing Yunnan coffee for villagers along the ancient route and sharing the story of Yunnan’s gold medal beans wherever he went. Ding’s persistence is gaining recognition. His Yunnan coffee was named an official supplier for the FISU World University Games in 2023, providing 200,000 cups during the Chengdu event. “Sichuan cuisine is everywhere in the world now, loved by foreigners. I believe Chinese coffee will be just as welcomed,” he said. 1. Why did Ding Zhi first travel to Yunnan in 2009? A. To see the coffee trees by himself. B. To find the source of coffee beans. C. To find out if China produces coffee. D. To buy Typica coffee trees for his shop. 2. What can we infer about Western coffee culture in China from the passage? A. It was less popular than Sichuan cuisine. B. It had little influence on Chinese drinkers. C. It helped Yunnan coffee win international awards. D. It made people forget Yunnan coffee’s achievements. 3. What does the underlined phrase “mockery” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Praise. B. Laughter. C. Support. D. Blood. 4. What message does the passage mainly convey? A. Chinese coffee can win against the world’s best. B. Starting a coffee business requires great courage. C. Chinese coffee will be as popular as Sichuan cuisine. D. One person’s effort can help to revive a forgotten treasure. B Do you often use the words “tapestry”, “delve” or “testament” in English? Many of us would say no. These words aren’t among the “Top 500 spoken words” — a list of the most common English words. However, these words are becoming more common in some written content, as a study in 2024 found that five percent of all articles published on a research site used the word “delve”. In 2022, it was less than one percent. Since ChatGPT was released to the public in November 2022, we’ve seen that artificial intelligence (AI) favors certain words. Why does ChatGPT prefer these words? The answer is actually very human. While ChatGPT seems to think for itself, what it really does is analyze a very large amount of human-generated (生成) information, and use the data to spit out answers to our enquiry (询问). It doesn’t actually understand what it’s telling us. The process of rating AI responses, as part of training the software, is called “reinforcement (强化) learning from human feedback (反馈)”, and this provides the first clue about why ChatGPT favors certain words. It’s not cheap to employ a lot of testers to rate thousands of responses from AI. So, big companies outsource (外包) these jobs to lower-income countries, often places where English is not the first language. One such country that offers cheap labor is Nigeria, and in Nigerian English, “delve” is a common word in professional settings. So, when Nigerian testers tell AI which responses sound natural, their own language use preferences come through. As AI-generated content becomes more common, will it also affect the way we speak to each other? In some ways, AI has already left its mark. Of course, language is a living thing, often affected by current events and by new technology. The point is that language is always updating itself, and how we use language is affected by the people we talk to and by the media we consume. As AI-generated media spreads, it is possible, even likely that AI will affect the development of our own vocabulary. 5. What can we know about the word “delve”? A. It is created and popularized by AI users. B. It is widely used in daily spoken English. C. It is listed in the “Top 500 spoken words”. D. It has become more popular in written content. 6. Why does Chat GPT prefer certain words? A. It is trained based on human feedback. B. It understands the real meaning of the words. C. It is designed to use difficult words on purpose. D. It learns these words mainly from native English speakers. 7. What is the author’s attitude towards AI’s influence on language? A. Objective B. Doubtful C. Uncaring D. Critical 8. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Development of AI Technology B. AI Is Reshaping Human Language Use C. The Popularity of Spoken English Words D. AI Training Affects Reinforcement Learning C The development of China’s space program was first suggested in 1956 by the father of Chinese rocket science, Qian Xuesen (1911-2009). As a result of extensive preparation and planning, the Shenzhou crewed program began in 1992, and the first Chinese astronaut, Yang Liwei, went into space in 2003. Chang’e-1, a lunar orbiter was launched in 2007, while Tiangong-1, an experimental crewed space station was launched in 2011. In 2019, Chang’e-4 made a soft landing on the far side of the moon. It was mankind’s first successful soft landing on the far side of the moon. A “soft” landing is one where the spacecraft lands in a controlled way, and gets no damage. Twelve hours later, the small Yutu-2 rover12 was released. To understand why Chang’e-4’s soft landing was such an achievement, consider the difficulty of any space mission, especially one to the far side of the moon. While the far side of the moon is often called the dark side of the moon, it is not really dark. The main problem with landing on the far side of the moon is communication. There is no clear line of sight between the far side of the moon and the Earth. This normally makes radio communication with spacecraft on the far side of the moon impossible. Chinese engineers came up with a unique solution. Before Chang’e-4’s mission (任务), they sent the Queqiao communications satellite into space. When engineers needed to communicate with Chang’e-4 and Yutu-2, they could send radio messages to Queqiao. The messages would then be sent from the satellite down to the Lander and rover. This allowed for contact between Earth and the far side of the moon. One of the experiments of Chang’e-4’s mission was designed to test a closed ecological (生态的) system that could be extremely important for long-term space missions: The plants produce food and oxygen for the fruit flies, while the fruit flies produce carbon dioxide for the plants. This experiment worked for nine days, but it had to be stopped when the temperatures dropped below -52°C. 9. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. The first Chinese astronaut, Yang Liwei, went into space in 2007. B. Qian Xuesen is considered the father of the Chinese space program. C. The development of space program in China started in ancient times. D. The Chinese space program has been advancing with preparation and planning. 10. Why was Chang’e-4’s landing on the moon such an achievement? A. Because Chang’e-4 landed on the moon successfully. B. Because Chang’e-4 made a soft landing on the dark side of the moon. C. Because man had never landed on the moon with the difficulty of space mission. D. Because it was the first time that humans had landed on the moon without any damage. 11. Why was the ecological experiment on Chang’e-4 stopped? A. It got too dark to continue. B. The Lander no longer had power. C. It got too cold for the experiment to work. D. There was not enough oxygen on the moon. 12. Where is this passage probably from? A. A story book B. A textbook C. A science fiction D. A magazine 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Mars is truly a fascinating planet for those of us here on Earth. ____13____ It is about half as big as Earth and is often referred to as the Red Planet because of its red surface. The Red Planet has the largest volcano in the solar system-Olympus Mons. ____14____ That’s about three times the height of Mount Qomolangma. Mars also has an atmosphere, but it is very thin and made up mostly of carbon dioxide. Because of its thin atmosphere and greater distance from the Sun, Mars is much colder than Earth. ____15____ The dust storms of Mars can grow so big that sometimes they blanket the entire planet and last for months. The poles on Mars are a lot like Antarctica, capped by ice, but much of Mars’s ice is made from carbon dioxide, not water. Scientists believe that studying Mars can help answer some of the key questions about our planet Earth, or even the universe. ____16____ Since 1960, more than half of all attempted Mars missions have failed. The USA, Russia, the European Space Agency, and several other countries have lost many spacecraft in their quest to explore the Red Planet. Nevertheless, they will still continue their explorations. Chinese experts are confident about their plan to explore Mars, in spite of the many challenges. The first Mars unmanned spacecraft was launched from Wenchang around 2020. But it is only the beginning of deep voyages into outer space. ____17____ A. It is roughly 27 kilometres high. B. Missions to Mars have never been easy. C. Mars, however, today has no active volcanoes. D. The temperature at the planet’s surface varies widely. E. However, Mars does have weather, with clouds and winds. F. China will continue to explore the mysteries of the universe. G. It is one of the few planets that we can see with our own eyes. 第二部分：语言运用（共二节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） In September 2016, six people came out from a small solar-powered building on the side of a volcano in Hawaii. They were ____18___ of a simulated (模拟的) mission to Mars, and they had been living in the building for nearly one year, ____19___ from the rest of the world. This mission to Mars was part of an ongoing ____20____ to see how people would deal with the challenges of living on another planet. Based on the ____21____ of the experiment so far, here are four abilities you would need to ____22___ on Mars. The first is Resourcefulness (足智多谋). When the water system broke, the group had two ____23____. They could figure out how to fix it or they could ____24____ months for supplies to be delivered from “Earth”—by which point they would be dead. So they ____25____ it themselves. The second is Imagination. The group members have said boredom was a major ____26___. On Mars, you wouldn’t have Netflix or Xbox, so you’d have to _____27_____ other forms of entertainment (娱乐活动). The third is Tolerance (宽容). The building is only a quarter of the size of a basketball court. If you’re _____28_____ annoyed by people, life on Mars might not be for you. Whether eating, working, exercising, or relaxing, you would hardly be _____29_____. The last is Independence. During a mission, there is no real-time _____30_____ between the group and anyone on “Earth.” They have email, _____31_____ messages are on a 20-minute delay (延迟), simulating how long it would take messages to _____32_____ between Earth and Mars. So you would be removed from the lives of your loved ones back on Earth. 18. A. captains B. members C. astronauts D. directors 19. A. pulled B. kept free C. protected D. cut off 20. A. explanation B. holiday C. experiment D. game 21. A. results B. origins C. wishes D. requirements 22. A. refuse B. copy C. argue D. survive 23. A. tasks B. choices C. dreams D. conditions 24. A. spread B. prepare C. wait D. leave 25. A. fixed B. watered C. called D. planted 26. A. desire B. habit C. ability D. challenge 27. A. limit B. forget C. find D. leap 28. A. hardly B. easily C. secretly D. suddenly 29. A. alone B. polite C. successful D. normal 30. A. communication B. system C. teaching D. meeting 31. A. so B. but C. if D. unless 32. A. escape B. walk C. travel D. change 第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分15分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Three Chinese recently arrived at the country’s new space station in another step forward for the growing space power. The three-member crew stayed for three months in the station’s main living space ___33___ (call) a module. The module is named Tianhe, ___34___ means “Harmony of the Heavens” in Chinese. The astronauts carried out science ___35___ (experiment) and also completed space walks, preparing the station ___36___ (receive) two other modules next year. China ___37___ (send) over ten astronauts into space since its first launch in 2003. It is the ___38___ (three) country after the former Soviet Union and the United States to do so. With its economy ___39___(grow) in the 1990s, China made a plan for space exploration. Since then, it has been trying to carry out this plan ___40___ (careful). However, it’s likely that China would have built its own station anyway because of its goal to become ___41___ major space power. It represents the country’s rise from a poor nation ____42____ the world’s second largest economy in the last 40 years. 附：写作 假设你是李华，你校英文报正在征稿，拟给中国太空站（Tiangong Space Station）宇航员们写一封信。你准备向学校英文报投稿，要点如下： 1. 对他们为航天事业取得的成就感到骄傲； 2. 询问有关太空站上的生活和工作的情况； 3. 表达关心和祝福。 Dear astronauts, I’m writing with great excitement to tell you how proud I am for your remarkable achievements in China’s space science and technology. I’m much curious about your life and work in Tiangong Space Station. Have you adapted to the weightless environment? If you miss your families, is it possible for you to make video calls on a regular basis? Additionally, impressed by your interaction with us students in “Tiangong Class”, I cannot help admiring your pioneering work, wondering what it takes to be a qualified astronaut. Wish you a successful mission and a comfortable journey! Yours faithfully, Li Hua 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $