暑假衔接第10讲第10讲 Unit 4 Time to celebrate — 一般过去时与频率副词 （讲义）-2025-2026学年外研版英语七年级上册

新七年级英语暑假衔接讲义 （外研2024版） ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 第10讲 Unit 4 Time to celebrate — 一般过去时与频率副词 适用年级：新七年级（小升初） 教材版本：外研2024版 内容说明：学习一般过去时的肯定否定疑问句式、规则与不规则动词变化及频率副词的用法 Part 1 知识讲解 一、一般过去时 一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。当我们谈论已经发生的事情时，就要使用一般过去时。 1. be动词的过去式 be动词（am/is/are）的过去式形式：am/is → was，are → were。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 其他 I was at home yesterday. 否定句 主语 + wasn't/weren't + 其他 She wasn't late for school. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ Were you busy last night? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他？ Where were you just now? 2. 实义动词的过去式 实义动词的过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化。 （1）规则动词过去式的变化规则 变化规则 动词原形 动词过去式 直接加-ed work / play / visit worked / played / visited 以不发音e结尾，直接加-d live / like / dance lived / liked / danced 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-ed study / carry / try studied / carried / tried 重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该字母加-ed stop / plan / drop stopped / planned / dropped -ed的发音规则：清辅音后读/t/（worked），浊辅音和元音后读/d/（played），t/d结尾读/Id/（visited）。 （2）常用不规则动词过去式 以下是一些常见的不规则动词过去式，需要同学们重点记忆： 动词原形 动词过去式 go went have had do did eat ate see saw buy bought 动词原形 动词过去式 make made say said get got 3. 实义动词一般过去时的句式结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 I visited my grandpa yesterday. 否定句 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 He didn't go to school. 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Did you see the film? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ What did you do last night? 注意：在否定句和疑问句中，动词要恢复原形，因为did/didn't已经体现了过去时态。 二、常见过去时间标志词 一般过去时常常与表示过去的时间状语连用。以下是一些常见的时间标志词： 时间标志词 中文含义 yesterday 昨天 last night 昨晚 last week 上周 last year 去年 ... ago（如two days ago） ……以前（如两天前） just now 刚才 in 2023 在2023年 the day before yesterday 前天 例如： I saw a movie yesterday.（我昨天看了一部电影。） She visited her grandparents last week.（她上周去看望了祖父母。） They were very happy just now.（他们刚才很开心。） 三、频率副词 频率副词（Adverbs of Frequency）用来表示动作发生的频率。它们通常放在行为动词之前、be动词之后。 常见频率副词及其含义 频率副词 频率 中文含义 always 100% 总是 usually 90% 通常 often 70% 经常 sometimes 50% 有时 seldom 30% 很少 never 0% 从不 频率副词在句中的位置 （1）放在be动词之后： He is always happy.（他总是很开心。） They are often late for class.（他们经常上课迟到。） （2）放在行为动词之前： I usually get up at six.（我通常六点起床。） She never eats meat.（她从不吃肉。） （3）sometimes也可以放在句首或句末： Sometimes I go to the park on Sundays. / I go to the park on Sundays sometimes. 四、连词 and / but / or 连词（Conjunctions）用来连接单词、短语或句子。本单元我们学习三个常用的并列连词。 连词 含义与用法 例句 and 表示并列或顺承关系，意为'和、并且、然后' I like apples and oranges. but 表示转折关系，意为'但是' She is young but very smart. or 表示选择关系，意为'或者'；否定句中表示'和、也不' Is it a pen or a pencil? I don't like tea or coffee. 注意：在否定句中，并列成分之间用or连接，不用and。例如： I don't have brothers or sisters.（我没有兄弟姐妹。）（×and） Part 2 典型例题 1. — What ______ you do last night? — I ______ a wonderful movie. A. did; see B. do; saw C. did; saw D. do; see 【答案】C 【解析】问句中有last night（昨晚），用一般过去时。疑问句用Did + 主语 + 动词原形，答句用动词过去式saw。选项C正确。 2. My mother ______ very busy yesterday. A. is B. was C. are D. were 【答案】B 【解析】yesterday（昨天）是过去时间，be动词用过去式。My mother是第三人称单数，用was。选项B正确。 3. Tom is always kind to others. 划线部分always的意思是：______ A. 从来不 B. 有时候 C. 总是 D. 很少 【答案】C 【解析】always表示100%的频率，意为'总是'。选项C正确。 4. — Would you like some tea ______ juice? — Juice, please. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】C 【解析】在疑问句中，表示选择关系用or。Would you like...or...？你想要……还是……？选项C正确。 5. They ______ basketball yesterday afternoon. A. play B. plays C. played D. playing 【答案】C 【解析】yesterday afternoon（昨天下午）是过去时间，动词用过去式。play的过去式是played。选项C正确。 Part 3 基础练习 一、写出下列动词的过去式。 1. work → ______ 2. study → ______ 3. stop → ______ 4. go → ______ 5. have → ______ 二、用所给动词的适当时态填空。 1. I ______（visit）my grandparents last Sunday. 2. She ______（not go）to school yesterday because she was ill. 3. ______ you ______（see）the film last night? 4. They ______（be）very happy at the party last week. 5. He ______（eat）a big breakfast this morning. 三、单项选择。 1. — ______ you at home last night? — Yes, I ______. A. Were; was B. Was; were C. Did; did D. Are; am 2. I ______ go to bed ______ 10 o'clock last night. A. /; at B. didn't; until C. don't; on D. wasn't; in 3. My father often ______ newspapers after dinner. A. read B. reads C. reading D. is reading 4. We ______ a good time at the party yesterday. A. have B. has C. had D. having 5. She never ______ late for school. She is a good student. A. is B. are C. was D. be 四、按要求改写句子。 1. I went to the zoo last Sunday.（改为否定句） _________________________________________________ 2. She did her homework yesterday evening.（改为一般疑问句） _________________________________________________ 3. They were in the library just now.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） _________________________________________________ 4. He visited the museum last week.（对划线部分提问） _________________________________________________ 5. I bought a gift for my mother.（改为否定句） _________________________________________________ Part 4 提高练习 一、对话排序。将下列句子重新排列成一段通顺的对话。 A. We watched the dragon boat races. They were exciting! B. I visited my grandparents with my parents. C. What did you eat for the festival? D. Hi, Li Ming. What did you do last Dragon Boat Festival? E. We ate zongzi. My grandma made them. They were delicious! 正确顺序：______ → ______ → ______ → ______ → ______ 二、补全对话。根据对话内容，在空白处填入合适的单词或句子。 A: Hi, Mike! How was your (1) ________________? B: It was great! I (2) ________________ a wonderful weekend. A: Really? What (3) ________________ you do? B: I (4) ________________ a birthday party with my friends on Saturday. A: Sounds fun! Did you (5) ________________ any gifts? B: Yes, I (6) ________________ a new football from my father. I like it very much. A: Did you (7) ________________ any games at the party? B: Yes, we (8) ________________ hide-and-seek. It was so fun! A: (9) ________________ did you do on Sunday? B: I (10) ________________ a book at home. What about you? A: I went to the park with my parents. We (11) ________________ a good time! B: Great! Let's (12) ________________ together next time! A: OK! See you! 三、阅读短文，判断正（T）误（F）。 Last week, our school had a big festival — the Mid-Autumn Festival. We celebrated it on the playground. All the teachers and students came. We ate mooncakes and watched the moon. Some students sang and danced. My classmate Li Hua told a story about Chang'e. It was very interesting. I also made a lantern with my friend Tom. We had a wonderful time together. I love the Mid-Autumn Festival because it is a time for family and friends. （ ）1. The festival was last weekend. （ ）2. They celebrated the Mid-Autumn Festival on the playground. （ ）3. Only teachers came to the festival. （ ）4. Li Hua told a story about Chang'e. （ ）5. The writer loves the Mid-Autumn Festival because of the food. 四、写作。 Last Spring Festival / My Birthday Party 要求：以"Last Spring Festival"或"My Birthday Party"为题，写至少 6 句话，用一般过去时描述你过去的一次庆祝活动。 参考词汇：celebrate, have a party, eat, play, sing, dance, happy, wonderful 参考句型：I had... / We ate... / We played... / It was... _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Part 5 本讲总结 一、一般过去时 • 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态 • be动词过去式：was（am/is的过去式），were（are的过去式） • 规则动词过去式变化规则：直接加-ed（work→worked），加-d（live→lived），变y为i加-ed（study→studied），双写加-ed（stop→stopped） • 否定句：didn't + 动词原形 / wasn't / weren't • 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形？/ Was/Were + 主语 + ...？ 二、过去时间标志词 • yesterday（昨天），last night（昨晚），last week（上周），last year（去年） • ... ago（……以前），just now（刚才），in 2023（在2023年），the day before yesterday（前天） 三、频率副词 • always（100%）总是，usually（90%）通常，often（70%）经常 • sometimes（50%）有时，seldom（30%）很少，never（0%）从不 • 位置：行为动词之前，be动词之后 四、连词 and / but / or • and：表示并列或顺承关系，意为'和、并且' • but：表示转折关系，意为'但是' • or：表示选择关系，意为'或者'；在否定句中表示'和、也不' 参考答案 Part 3 基础练习 一. 1. worked 2. studied 3. stopped 4. went 5. had 二. 1. visited（last Sunday是过去时间，用visited） 2. didn't go（yesterday是过去时间，否定句用didn't + 动词原形） 3. Did; see（last night是过去时间，一般疑问句用Did + 主语 + 动词原形） 4. were（last week是过去时间，主语They是复数，用were） 5. ate（this morning已经过去，用过去式ate） 三. 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 四. 1. I didn't go to the zoo last Sunday. 2. Did she do her homework yesterday evening? 3. Were they in the library just now? Yes, they were. 4. What did he do last week? 5. I didn't buy a gift for my mother. Part 4 提高练习 一. D → B → A → C → E 二. 1. weekend 2. had 3. did 4. had 5. get 6. got 7. play 8. played 9. What 10. read 11. had 12. go 三. 1. F（是last week，不是last weekend） 2. T 3. F（所有老师 and 学生都来了，不只是老师） 4. T 5. F（作者喜欢中秋节是因为这是一个家人朋友团聚的时刻，不是因为食物） 四. 略。参考范文： Last Spring Festival was great. I had a wonderful time with my family. We ate delicious dumplings together. My parents gave me red packets. I visited my grandparents and said happy new year to them. We watched the Spring Festival Gala on TV. At night, we set off fireworks. It was beautiful. I love the Spring Festival because everyone gets together! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $