2026届高考英语三轮押题08：阅读理解之议论文（新高考通用）练习

2026年高考英语三轮押题08：阅读理解之议论文 押题依据 年份 试卷类型 体裁 主题 话题 考点分布 押题依据 2025 新高考Ⅰ卷 议论文 人与社会 城市建设人文反思、宜居社会发展思辨 细节定位、逻辑推理、段落主旨概括、作者观点分析、写作目的判断 聚焦社会发展与民生热点，贴合新高考思辨育人导向，侧重现象剖析与观点升华，是议论文高频命题结构 2025 新高考Ⅱ卷 议论文 人与自我 人生价值认知、美好生活的多元定义 细节辨析、深层推理、作者态度判断、全文主旨归纳、语境词义猜测 紧扣青年成长与价值塑造核心主题，破除固有认知、传递正向三观，是新高考议论文常年稳定选材方向 2024 新高考Ⅰ卷 议论文 人与自我 新旧学习方式对比、高效学习模式思辨 细节筛选、信息比对、利弊推理、写作目的分析、观点倾向判断 贴近学生日常学习生活，以辩证对比为核心命题逻辑，重点考查思辨能力，题型经典、考频极高 2024 新高考Ⅱ卷 议论文 人与社会 社会认知误区纠正、公共行为理性思考 事实细节定位、逻辑关系推理、段落论点总结、论证逻辑分析、正误信息判断 采用“破误区、立新知”经典议论文结构，契合新高考思辨考查要求，命题模式固定，重复考查率高 2023 新高考Ⅰ卷 议论文 人与自我 心态调节、困境中接纳与抗争的辩证思考 细节正误辨析、心理逻辑推理、核心观点提炼、作者立场判断、熟词生义猜测 聚焦青年心理健康与挫折成长，贴合高考立德树人育人目标，选材稳定，设问基础且贴合考场考情 2023 新高考Ⅱ卷 议论文 人与人文 史料价值探究、历史人文认知思辨 论据细节定位、观点推理判断、全文主旨归纳、例证作用分析、文本结论总结 融合人文素养与思辨思维，侧重考查议论文论证手法与文本逻辑，属于高考议论文拔高题型，备考优先级高 押题预测 核心题型及具体解决方法 题型一、人与自我-情感与情绪 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 340-400 情绪认可与自我价值的思辨 人文议论文 locate细节定位、infer因果推理、identify指代内容、summarize核心观点、distinguish概念差异、judge内在逻辑 贴合新高考青年心理、自我成长高频话题，采用“推翻旧认知、建立新观点”经典议论文结构，侧重概念辨析与逻辑思辨，设问全面，是新高考核心命题模板。 “I just need you to validate (认可) my feelings.” It’s a phrase constantly heard — and it reveals something fascinating about our cultural moment. Validation has become the currency of care, the thing we believe we need most from others. But what if the deepest human need is to know we matter — regardless of whether others see things our way? Validation came into psychology as a corrective tool. In the mid-20th century, Carl Rogers advocated empathetic listening and unconditional positive regard, reacting against then mainstream practice, which often interpreted, corrected, or reframed clients’ experiences. To him, validation meant: your feelings exist, they make sense within your internal world, and they deserve to be heard. However, as psychological language migrated into (融入) popular culture, validation gradually detached from its clinical roots. It changed into a broader moral expectation: if I feel something, others should validate it. This shift has had profound consequences and validation becomes an exhausting test, a relational chore, a skill to perform. In fact, what most of us are really looking for when we fish for validation is being valued. Being valued does not depend on moment-to-moment agreement, nor does it require constant confirmation. Being valued means being seen as a whole person and accepted regardless of the experience one is having. When someone is valued, they can be corrected without being devalued; they can be disagreed with without feeling rejected. A parent who values their child can say, “I love you, and I’m not buying you that toy.” Validation may ease an emotional state, but being valued shapes the self. Validation can be spoken; value is felt. The exit from endless validation-seeking is clear: learn to distinguish between having emotions and being defined. A mature sense of worth comes from internalized experiences of being valued: by others first, and eventually by yourself. It grows when you can reflect on your emotions, differentiate past from present, and remain solid even when your perceptions are challenged. This is what allows both connection and growth. 1．Why did Carl Rogers stand for validation? A．To follow mainstream opinion. B．To correct patients’ conclusions. C．To make validation a destination. D．To value clients’ inner experience. 2．What does the underlined “this shift” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The unwillingness to reflect. B．The fear of moral expectation. C．The enthusiasm for popular culture. D．The strong desire for full agreement. 3．What does the author agree with about being valued? A．It helps construct self-concept. B．It provides constant agreement. C．It offers psychological security. D．It avoids various forms of correction. 4．What enables people’s connection and growth? A．The constant challenge of validation. B．The pursuit of a realistic sense of self. C．A rejection of internalized experiences. D．A changeable and questioning mindset. 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 330-390 盲目宽恕的危害与理性自我和解 社会思辨议论文 guess词义猜测、locate事实细节、infer利弊推理、summarize段落主旨、analyze作者建议、judge隐含态度 聚焦人际关系、心理治愈思辨热点，以科研论据支撑观点，契合新高考思辨育人导向，词义猜测、细节推理、观点提炼为常年必考题型。 The message is repeatedly told to us from childhood: forgive people who’ve wronged you because it’s the only way to heal. Forgiving someone can indeed be beautiful, but if the relationship isn’t healthy, trying to “fix” things can do more harm than good. Most agree forgiving a wrongdoer means letting go of negative feelings like anger and hatred towards them, expecting to put it all behind us as if nothing happened. Yet this pressure to “move on” can make us feel our experiences don’t matter, or, at least, that they matter less than the situation being smoothed over. This isn’t helpful. While it’s not a good idea to focus on negative thoughts, recognizing and processing all of that pain is an important part of the healing journey. Forgiving those who don’t make us feel safe chips away at our dignity. A 2010 study called this the “doormat effect”: forgiving partners who don’t value us reduces self-respect, along with a decreased sense of self. The same applies to forgiving those who refuse to make changes, probably because the victims feel they fail to stand up for themselves, like they’ve let themselves be walked over, as the author puts it. Things can get worse if we keep on forgiving someone who’s done wrong. A 2011 study looked at how 72 newlywed couples expressed forgiveness towards acts of offence(冒犯), and whether this caused any changes in the offenders’ behaviour. It turned out that when a partner forgave those acts, the offender was more likely to keep doing them probably because facing the consequences of their actions is what motivates people to change their ways, and being forgiven can be a kind of pass to avoid making changes. This reveals the tension in always forgiving: it burdens victims to resolve issues, not offenders. What if, instead of looking to forgiveness like a cure-all, we accept a situation for what it is without any sense of obligation towards our offender? This way, healing will still be a process, but it’s one centred around us and our own needs. 5．What do most people believe about forgiveness? A．It offers a quick solution to all emotional conflicts. B．It always strengthens the relationship between people. C．It means forgetting unpleasant things happening in the past. D．It depends on the wrongdoer making meaningful changes first. 6．What does the underline phrase “chips away at” in the paragraph 3 mean? A．gradually weakens B．accidentally destroys C．carefully repairs D．intentionally ignores 7．What does the “doormat effect” in paragraph 3 explain? A．Victims forgiving a wrongdoer increases their motivation to change. B．Forgiveness plays a major role in healthy communication. C．Forgiveness reflects the offender’s failure to insist on their boundaries. D．Unconditional forgiveness may have a negative impact on the victim. 8．What alternative approach does the author suggest for healing? A．Cutting off all contact with offenders. B．Pretending the offense never occurred. C．Forcing offenders to admit their mistakes. D．Prioritizing one’s own needs and well-being. 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 310-370 接纳自我不完美、包容自身短板 人文成长议论文 infer段落作用、guess词义替换、locate细节依据、summarize文章主旨、select最佳标题、infer写作意图 紧扣青年成长、挫折接纳育人主题，价值观正向，文本逻辑清晰稳定，主打标题归纳、段落功能判断、词义猜测等基础高频考题，适配高考基础题型考查。 Clumsiness (笨拙), is among the most shameful things. On returning a carton to the fridge, we trip and spill orange juice all over our clothes and even into our shoes. It takes several towels and a long time to clean everything up. We feel like a little child and wonder when we will grow up into the adults we supposedly are. Unfortunately clumsiness stalks us everywhere. A month ago we struck our knee against a door, then we spilled blueberries over the kitchen floor, and recently we went around for a whole day not noticing there was a piece of lettuce coating one of our teeth. We’re angry about, and ashamed of ourselves. Our clumsiness goes against our self-image as competent grown-ups. There is a word for the clumsy person in Yiddish: “klutz.” It’s the inner klutz who makes us drop plates and walk into doors. Most people do not like to admit that they have this “inner klutz.” Instead, they try to ignore it and hope that they have already grown out of it. But the truth is that it never completely disappears. But there would be another option: to make friends with our inner klutz instead of denying its existence. We should accept without anger that we are klutzes who knock things over, spill drinks and make fools of ourselves, which is humiliating only if we insist that the only way to be acceptable is to show constant competence. We wouldn’t mind being clumsy if everyone were clumsy, too. In comedy shows people fall off their bikes or walk into lampposts, and we feel relieved that clumsiness is not ours alone. It may look as if we’re laughing at them but really we’re delighted to have found people as absurd as we are. The next time we spill something down our front, we shouldn’t feel angry. We should greet our inner klutz like an old familiar friend with a warm smile of recognition. 9．What is the main purpose of paragraph 1? A．To introduce clumsiness. B．To describe daily accidents. C．To stress adults are capable. D．To show children are clumsy. 10．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “stalks” in paragraph 2? A．Threatens. B．Reminds. C．Follows. D．Avoids. 11．Why do people feel relieved seeing clumsiness in comedy shows? A．Because clumsiness happens to others too. B．Because comedy shows reduce their pressure. C．Because they take pleasure in laughing at others. D．Because clumsiness in shows is particularly delightful. 12．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Secret of Clumsiness B．Making Friends with Your Inner Klutz C．Your Inner Klutz Ruins Your Self-image D．Why People Feel Ashamed of Clumsiness 题型二、人与社会 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 350-410 AI侵权风险与人类原创版权保护 科技社会议论文 locate目的细节、identify指代对象、summarize段落大意、infer观点态度、judge逻辑关系、analyze事件本质 紧跟AI科技时政热点，融合科技发展与人文版权思辨，贴合新高考科技+人文命题趋势，设问灵活，押题优先级极高。 Books were stamped with “Human Authored” logos (标识) at this week’s London Book Fair. The Society of Authors described its labelling as “an important logo to protect and promote human creativity instead of AI labelled content in the marketplace.” Visitors to the fair were also given copies of Don’t Steal This Book, a collection of 10,000writers including Nobel winner Kazuo Ishiguro and Richard Osman, in which the pages are completely blank. The back cover states: “The UK government must not legalize book theft to benefit AI companies.” The empty book is a protest against AI companies using copyrighted works without permission or payment to train their models — and against UK government proposals that could legalize this practice. Organized by Ed Newton-Rex, a composer and copyright campaigner, the project has drawn vast support from the literary world. The AI industry is “built on stolen work” “This is a crime that has victims,” he added, “Generative AI competes with the creators of the works it trains on, taking away their livelihoods.” The protest comes just a week before the UK government is due to publish an economic impact assessment of proposed changes to copyright law. The government initially proposed a system, under which AI firms could use copyrighted material unless rights holders refused permission — an exact opposite of copyright law’s core principle. Only 3% of people surveyed backed the plan. The government dropped it but is now considering a “commercial research exception” that would still allow AI companies to use works without approval for commercial training. For the authors behind Don’t Steal This Book, the blank pages are a powerful symbol: they represent the future of writing if AI companies continue to use creative work without payment — a world where authors are left with nothing. As the Society of Authors put it, the empty book is “a stopgap measure” — but the real solution is a copyright system that protects human creativity, not commercial greed. 13．Why were the books stamped with “Human Authored” logos? A．To show public sympathy for authors. B．To fight AI’s stealing copyrighted works. C．To promote newly-published works. D．To introduce promising authors. 14．What does the underlined word “victims” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Ordinary readers. B．Literary promotion campaigns. C．Human writers. D．Generative AI models. 15．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The protest weakening UK’s economy. B．Copyright law enjoying public support. C．AI firms prioritizing commercial profits. D．The UK government favoring AI companies. 16．How does the Society of Authors view the empty book? A．It is a band-aid fix B．It stands the test of time. C．It is a game changer. D．It works once and for all. 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 320-380 慢生活理念、摒弃过度内卷焦虑 生活思辨议论文 locate细节信息、infer深层含义、summarize核心论点、judge作者态度、compare信息差异 聚焦青年内卷、焦虑缓解、慢生活价值热点，贴合当下社会心态，思辨性强，常考态度判断与主旨概括，为新高考热门选材。 When I asked my 15-year-old cousin about her ideal occupation, she gave me an unusual answer, saying that she dreams of becoming an online celebrity, which reminded me of a new girl band called “Sunshine”. These teens have quickly got an ill fame across China because of their “unattractive” and “fat” appearance and laughably bad singing skills. But rather than wither at the offence coming from their 430,000 followers on Weibo, they seem to bloom on the criticism. And following Sunshine’s explosion, numerous new bands like “Power Girls” and “Love-wings” starring average-looking adolescent girls started popping up on people’s mobiles. Lots of ordinary, disadvantaged Chinese teens with no skills but big dreams have looked to unlikely role models such as the Sunshine girls as proof that all it takes is a little self-confidence to get your name in the headlines. It’s incredible to witness so many young Chinese girls make spectacles of themselves online in a desperate attempt to stand out from thousands of potential stars. This kind of grassroots self-promotion is fantastic for Chinese youth who may not otherwise have any opportunities or privileges to be outstanding in China’s competitive society, but for those well-educated kids, there is a rising concern among parents that social networking is distracting them from academics. Sadly, these so-called stars quickly disappear from people’s attention once a new band pops up. Besides, they are likely to leave behind the online record of their ridiculous behavior. Prospective (将来的) employers and even potential husbands or wives will eventually see these photos and videos, which could affect their futures. The good news is that, in today’s Internet age, fame and fortune are easily attainable for otherwise unqualified kids, but the bad news is that their narcissistic (自恋的) addictions to social media will interfere with learning knowledge and real-life skills, leaving an entire generation of wired youth with absolutely no other alternative once their online followers forget about them. 17．What does the underlined word “wither” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Become weak. B．Become strong. C．Become happy. D．Become excited. 18．What does the author imply about teenagers who seek fame through social media? A．They are likely to become more confident and successful. B．They may face negative consequences in the long run. C．They will be remembered as pioneers of the Internet age. D．They are often distracted from their academic studies. 19．What is the author’s attitude towards the trend of young girls seeking online fame? A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 20．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce a new music trend in China. B．To criticize the entertainment industry. C．To discuss the phenomenon of seeking online fame among teens. D．To encourage young people to become online celebrities. 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 330-390 独处的价值、独处与孤独的概念区分 人文心理议论文 distinguish概念辨析、locate细节正误、infer逻辑推理、guess语境生词、summarize写作目的 以大众认知误区为切入点，辨析易混淆概念，是新高考议论文标志性考法，侧重思辨能力与文本细节甄别能力考查，命题稳定。 Dear boss — You have always tried to attract young consumers, and our consultants have always come up with new ways to label them. The trouble is that coming up with rules to define a group of humanity is more art than science. It is likely to become an exercise in applying stereotypes (刻板印象); not every youngster is drinking kombucha in a Brooklyn storehouse. Luckily you have me, and I’m here to tell you that much of what is written about marketing to today’s most prized consumers is a myth. Start with the idea that, glued to smartphones, youngsters barely notice the physical world and passively follow the latest hit from Instagram or TikTok. It’s true that the days of marketing chiefly through television, newspapers and magazines are long gone. However, social media has not just changed the ways people discover brands; it has weakened the power of marketing as a whole. Online, talk is cheap and prices are readily Googled. Digital natives, therefore, can easily fact-check our suspicious marketing claims and ads. Surveys suggest that young Americans are among the most price-sensitive food shoppers. It doesn’t help that they have accumulated less wealth than earlier generations had by the same age. There is a similar urge to think that physical shops no longer matter. Young consumers love their Amazon deliveries. It makes sense for our company to make sales via social media and ship directly to customers’ homes. But what works best is the close integration of the digital and physical worlds. Remember those online-only beauty brands like Glossier, which took the world by storm during the pandemic. It turns out that they struggle to get repeat business and have had to pair up with physical shops. What really matters is avoiding insincerity. Dishonesty is easily exposed online, where everyone loves a takedown. Remember the strong resistance to Boohoo, a fast-fashion firm, when it appointed Kourtney Kardashian, a celebrity leading a luxurious life, as a “sustainability ambassador”? And commit only to causes you can tangibly support and be frank when you are putting profits first. Anyway, nobody is perfect. To pretend otherwise is so 2013. We are people just as our customers are and people contain multitudes (群众). 21．What is the problem with finding rules to define a group of people? A．It is strongly refused by young people. B．It tends to apply fixed labels to everyone. C．It requires scientific methods rather than artistic ones. D．It fails to include the Brooklyn storehouse culture. 22．Why are the surveys about young Americans mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To reveal their incompetence in saving money. B．To illustrate they are sensitive to the prices of food online. C．To prove they are not passive receivers of online marketing tricks. D．To demonstrate marketing has a great impact on their spending habits. 23．Which of the following statements may the author agree with? A．Celebrities work as reliable ambassadors. B．Young customers don’t visit physical shops. C．Dishonesty in marketing was not rare in 2013. D．Traditional media still play a major role in marketing. 24．What is a suitable title for the text? A．How to Sell to the Young: From Myth to Truth B．How to Attract the Young: Honesty and Profits C．How to Expand Youth Market: From Ideas to Practice D．How to Increase Sales Online: Labeling and Marketing 题型三、人与自然 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 340-400 碎片化阅读的弊端与深度阅读的重要性 学习思辨议论文 compare信息对比、infer利弊推理、summarize段落主旨、judge观点倾向、analyze论证手法 贴合学生日常学习场景，新旧学习方式对比为三年高频考点，侧重辩证思维考查，适配新高考立德树人、思辨能力考查要求。 Pictures and videos of all sorts of animals regularly go viral these days because people connect with the apparent joy, friendship and playfulness of these animals. Unfortunately, the initial enthusiasm of these posts is often squashed by someone rightly noting that the animal’s reaction is not joy or pleasure, but fear, anger or pain. The reason we often get cases like this wrong is that we interpret the emotional content of many behaviors automatically and unconsciously. This is a version of anthropomorphism: interpreting animals as we would interpret another human. The standard view has been that anthropomorphism is primarily an error of overestimating the intelligence of animals. In recent decades, many authors have pushed back against this attitude towards anthropomorphism, arguing animals are a lot like us and that many “anthropomorphic” claims about animals are actually true. Instead of getting caught in a black-and-white debate, however, I want a more complicated, informed discussion of competing ideas. Once we agree that animals do in fact, have emotions, we can acknowledge that the anthropomorphic mistake is not seeing emotion where there is none — it is seeing the wrong emotion. Each of us has a set of perceptual, emotional and cognitive capacities that allow us to engage and understand one another socially. These capacities help guide and structure all sorts of interactions, and we are generally not even aware we are using them. They are generally, but not perfectly, tuned for human interaction. Things can get messy, though, when we use them to interpret animals. Perhaps the best-studied version of this is the primate “grin” (灵长类动物的咧嘴笑). The animal is not happy, it turns out. The exact signaling function varies by species, but it usually signals something more like fear or anxiety, often by a submissive individual in a tense social situation. This is, in fact, anthropomorphism, because you are interpreting an animal’s behavior in the same way we would interpret human behavior. This kind of anthropomorphism is a form of cognitive bias (偏见) resulting from shortcuts taken by our reasoning processes, usually without our awareness. We should approach the topic of anthropomorphism from the angle of bias. Traditionally, assumptions about how and when people anthropomorphise have been so fixed that the psychology did not seem worth investigating. Slightly different attitudes can be found. For example, even though they advocate for anthropomorphic views of animals, the zoologists Jesus Rivas and Gordon Burghardt memorably note that it can be tricky: “Anthropomorphism comes in many forms and can catch you off guard!” While the recognition of “many forms” is progress, it makes the need for evidence-based research only more pressing. By focusing on implicit (隐性的) anthropomorphism, we shift attention from debating specific “humanlike” features to examining the deeper psychological mechanisms that make anthropomorphism so slippery. This, I believe, is the most challenging and most significant dimension of the problem. 25．What does the word “squashed” underlined in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Awakened. B．Dampened. C．Misguided. D．Underestimated. 26．What can we learn about anthropomorphism? A．It turns animals’ negative emotions into positive ones B．It underrates the emotional capacities of animal species. C．It contributes to the shortcuts of our reasoning processes. D．It reflects the projection of human qualities onto animals 27．The author quotes Jesus and Gordon to ________. A．confirm the value of anthropomorphism B．highlight the complexity of anthropomorphism C．warn us of the limitations of anthropomorphism D．remind us to view anthropomorphism positively 28．What does the author intend to do by writing this passage? A．Propose a fresh perspective. B．Analyze a worrying tendency. C．Evaluate the credibility of a theory. D．Explore the origin of a phenomenon. 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 300-360 善意的边界、理性行善避免道德绑架 社会公德议论文 locate事实细节、infer因果逻辑、summarize核心观点、judge文本态度、guess熟词生义 聚焦社会公德、理性行善热点，破除大众片面认知，思辨性强，设问常规且贴合高考题型分布，属于高频备考题材。 Young people’s engagement with social media platforms like TikTok and Instagram is shaping how they understand and interact with the natural world, offering opportunities to connect their online experiences with meaningful encounters with nature, a new study reveals. The research, published in People and Nature, found that teenagers often encounter nature through their time online, which influences their perceptions and behaviors when visiting the countryside. These digital baselines provide educators, policymakers and outdoor leaders with a unique starting point for building deeper connections with nature. Dr. Jack Reed, from the University of Exeter, who led the study, said, “Young people are not separating their online and offline worlds the way previous generations might have. Their experiences of nature can begin online, and this influences how they engage with the outdoors in person. Rather than resisting this change, we can adopt it and use it as a tool to inspire stronger connections with the natural world.” The study emphasizes that “screen based nature” content, from outdoor challenges to virtual environments, is shaping how young people come to know nature. Social media platforms offer round-the-clock access to natural imagery and ideas, inspiring trends like nature-inspired art and outdoor adventures. While these digital interactions lack the sensory richness of being outdoors, they present exciting opportunities to introduce young people to real-life experiences in nature. Dr. Reed said, “It’s clear that young people are learning about nature in new and innovative ways. By recognizing and building on this, we can create educational programs that meet them where they are at and inspire real-world exploration. This approach allows us to connect young people’s online inspirations to the practical benefits of being outdoors.” “There’s no value in trying to deny young people’s use of technology — it’s part of their world,” Dr. Reed said. “Instead, we can celebrate and channel their digital experiences to build meaningful, real-world connections to nature.” 29．What does the underlined part “this change” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Young people’s engaging with social media platforms. B．Young people’s beginning exploring the natural world. C．Young people’s separating their online and offline worlds. D．Young people’s integrating their online and offline worlds. 30．Which of the following is mentioned as a positive effect of “screen-based nature” content? A．It motivates real-world interests. B．It provides a sensory-rich experience. C．It avoids dangerous outdoor adventures. D．It reduces the need for experiences in nature. 31．How does Dr. Reed view young people’s use of social media platforms? A．It’s useless. B．It’s necessary. C．It’s fashionable. D．It’s unbelievable. 32．What does Dr. Reed emphasize about educating young people? A．Limiting technology use to prioritize outdoor activities. B．Replacing digital experiences with traditional education. C．Using online experiences to inspire real-world exploration. D．Encouraging young people to get more digital experiences. 题型四、人与自我-道德与品行 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 320-380 挫折磨砺价值、逆境成长的正向意义 成长励志议论文 infer细节推理、locate论据细节、summarize全文主旨、judge作者立场、select文章标题 属于新高考经典育人题材，贴合青年成长、挫折教育核心导向，题型基础稳定，主旨题、推理题搭配固定，必考概率大。 Character traits lead us to think, feel, and act in certain ways. When seeing children or animals suffering, a cold-hearted person might think they deserve what they’re getting and neglect their situation day after day. A compassionate person, however, might feel motivated to take action and provide support. Some character traits have to do with being a morally good or bad person, while others do not. Clearly, honesty contributes to being a good person, while creativity could be used in either a good or bad way. The morally relevant traits come in two varieties — the moral virtues like honesty and the moral vices like dishonesty. The moral virtues are positive qualities we should develop. However, being a virtuous person is more complicated than it seems. For example, consider Samantha, who holds a high-level position at work. As she was leaving the office last night, she had a chance to take home some office supplies for personal use, but she did not. Is that enough for us to conclude she’s honest? The answer is no, for we don’t know whether she takes home supplies on other nights. So let’s change the example. Suppose she never takes home any office supplies, and does that do the trick? The answer is again no, for we don’t know whether she’s dishonest in other areas of her work life. She might misreport the company’s taxes to the government. Now suppose that Samantha never steals supplies from the company, never falsifies (篡改) the company’s tax reporting, and consistently avoids such misconduct. How does that sound? It’s still not good enough. A virtue like honesty should extend to all areas of one’s life — home, work, school, and all the rest. Anyhow, being a good person is never simple. The truth, however, is that character is malleable. Through everyday choices, we can gradually shape who we are. Each step toward honesty, kindness, and courage matters. Every time we choose integrity over deceit, compassion over indifference, and generosity over selfishness, we refine our character. It is this ongoing pursuit that gives depth and meaning to a life. 33．What does the contrast in paragraph 1 show? A．Inborn traits define our capacity for virtues. B．Personality shapes how one responds to situations. C．Most people tend to offer support to those in need. D．Moral judgment influences our reactions to suffering. 34．Why does the author give several versions of Samantha’s story? A．To prove small actions determine honesty. B．To explain virtues require broad consistency. C．To show virtues bring professional reputation. D．To reveal virtues affect one’s decision-making. 35．What is the author’s attitude towards developing character? A．Skeptical. B．Unconcerned. C．Hopeful. D．Cautious. 36．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．How to Develop Moral Virtues B．Samantha: A Model of Honesty? C．Character Traits: Born or Made? D．The Complexity of Being Virtuous 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 350-410 城市人文建设、以人为本的城市发展思辨 社会发展议论文 locate细节依据、infer深层推断、analyze例证作用、summarize段落论点、judge价值倾向 紧扣城市发展、民生宜居时政热点，贴合新高考人与社会主题范畴，侧重论证逻辑与观点升华考查，适配新高考压轴阅读命题风格。 The virtue of intellectual humility (谦逊) is getting much attention. While researchers define it differently, the core of the idea is “recognizing that one’s beliefs and opinions might be incorrect.” But achieving intellectual humility is hard. Overconfidence is a long-lasting problem, faced by many, and does not appear to be improved by education or expertise. Even scientific pioneers can sometimes lack this valuable quality. A．A．Michelson, the first American to win a Nobel Prize in science, expressed a striking view about the fundamental laws of physics, “It seems probable that most of the grand basic principles have now been firmly established.” Over the next few decades, fundamental physical theory witnessed its most dramatic changes. Scientists can be mistaken about the accuracy of their own positions. Even so, there is reason to believe such mistakes will go public. But sometimes it takes a long time. Is there a way to encourage the pursuit of new, possibly unpopular scientific ideas, while acknowledging the great value and power of the scientific enterprise as it now stands? Here is where intellectual humility can play a positive role in science. Intellectual humility is not skepticism. It does not imply doubt. An intellectually humble person may have strong commitments to various beliefs and may pursue those commitments with enthusiasm. Their intellectual humility lies in their openness to the possibility that nobody is in possession of the full truth, and that others, too, may have insights, ideas and evidence that should be taken into account when forming their own best judgments. This openness to inquiry does not, of course, imply that scientists are bound to accept theories they take to be wrong. What we ought to accept is that we too might be wrong, that something good might come of the pursuit of those other ideas and theories, and that tolerating rather than accusing those who pursue such things just might be the best way forward for science and for society. 37．What is the core idea of intellectual humility? A．Questioning everything. B．Avoiding firm beliefs. C．Agreeing with all others. D．Accepting one’s possible errors. 38．Which of the following words is closest to the underlined word “expertise” in paragraph 1? A．experience. B．speciality. C．authority. D．qualification. 39．What does the example of Michelson suggest about scientists? A．They keep trying different ideas. B．They misjudge their own knowledge. C．They often question the existing ideas. D．They dislike predicting what will happen. 40．What makes intellectual humility positive in science? A．It rejects unpopular research. B．It tends to avoid firm commitments. C．It leads to openness to others’ insights. D．It encourages doubts about all old ideas. 2 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年高考英语三轮押题08：阅读理解之议论文 押题依据 年份 试卷类型 体裁 主题 话题 考点分布 押题依据 2025 新高考Ⅰ卷 议论文 人与社会 城市建设人文反思、宜居社会发展思辨 细节定位、逻辑推理、段落主旨概括、作者观点分析、写作目的判断 聚焦社会发展与民生热点，贴合新高考思辨育人导向，侧重现象剖析与观点升华，是议论文高频命题结构 2025 新高考Ⅱ卷 议论文 人与自我 人生价值认知、美好生活的多元定义 细节辨析、深层推理、作者态度判断、全文主旨归纳、语境词义猜测 紧扣青年成长与价值塑造核心主题，破除固有认知、传递正向三观，是新高考议论文常年稳定选材方向 2024 新高考Ⅰ卷 议论文 人与自我 新旧学习方式对比、高效学习模式思辨 细节筛选、信息比对、利弊推理、写作目的分析、观点倾向判断 贴近学生日常学习生活，以辩证对比为核心命题逻辑，重点考查思辨能力，题型经典、考频极高 2024 新高考Ⅱ卷 议论文 人与社会 社会认知误区纠正、公共行为理性思考 事实细节定位、逻辑关系推理、段落论点总结、论证逻辑分析、正误信息判断 采用“破误区、立新知”经典议论文结构，契合新高考思辨考查要求，命题模式固定，重复考查率高 2023 新高考Ⅰ卷 议论文 人与自我 心态调节、困境中接纳与抗争的辩证思考 细节正误辨析、心理逻辑推理、核心观点提炼、作者立场判断、熟词生义猜测 聚焦青年心理健康与挫折成长，贴合高考立德树人育人目标，选材稳定，设问基础且贴合考场考情 2023 新高考Ⅱ卷 议论文 人与人文 史料价值探究、历史人文认知思辨 论据细节定位、观点推理判断、全文主旨归纳、例证作用分析、文本结论总结 融合人文素养与思辨思维，侧重考查议论文论证手法与文本逻辑，属于高考议论文拔高题型，备考优先级高 押题预测 核心题型及具体解决方法 题型一、人与自我-情感与情绪 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 340-400 情绪认可与自我价值的思辨 人文议论文 locate细节定位、infer因果推理、identify指代内容、summarize核心观点、distinguish概念差异、judge内在逻辑 贴合新高考青年心理、自我成长高频话题，采用“推翻旧认知、建立新观点”经典议论文结构，侧重概念辨析与逻辑思辨，设问全面，是新高考核心命题模板。 “I just need you to validate (认可) my feelings.” It’s a phrase constantly heard — and it reveals something fascinating about our cultural moment. Validation has become the currency of care, the thing we believe we need most from others. But what if the deepest human need is to know we matter — regardless of whether others see things our way? Validation came into psychology as a corrective tool. In the mid-20th century, Carl Rogers advocated empathetic listening and unconditional positive regard, reacting against then mainstream practice, which often interpreted, corrected, or reframed clients’ experiences. To him, validation meant: your feelings exist, they make sense within your internal world, and they deserve to be heard. However, as psychological language migrated into (融入) popular culture, validation gradually detached from its clinical roots. It changed into a broader moral expectation: if I feel something, others should validate it. This shift has had profound consequences and validation becomes an exhausting test, a relational chore, a skill to perform. In fact, what most of us are really looking for when we fish for validation is being valued. Being valued does not depend on moment-to-moment agreement, nor does it require constant confirmation. Being valued means being seen as a whole person and accepted regardless of the experience one is having. When someone is valued, they can be corrected without being devalued; they can be disagreed with without feeling rejected. A parent who values their child can say, “I love you, and I’m not buying you that toy.” Validation may ease an emotional state, but being valued shapes the self. Validation can be spoken; value is felt. The exit from endless validation-seeking is clear: learn to distinguish between having emotions and being defined. A mature sense of worth comes from internalized experiences of being valued: by others first, and eventually by yourself. It grows when you can reflect on your emotions, differentiate past from present, and remain solid even when your perceptions are challenged. This is what allows both connection and growth. 1．Why did Carl Rogers stand for validation? A．To follow mainstream opinion. B．To correct patients’ conclusions. C．To make validation a destination. D．To value clients’ inner experience. 2．What does the underlined “this shift” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The unwillingness to reflect. B．The fear of moral expectation. C．The enthusiasm for popular culture. D．The strong desire for full agreement. 3．What does the author agree with about being valued? A．It helps construct self-concept. B．It provides constant agreement. C．It offers psychological security. D．It avoids various forms of correction. 4．What enables people’s connection and growth? A．The constant challenge of validation. B．The pursuit of a realistic sense of self. C．A rejection of internalized experiences. D．A changeable and questioning mindset. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】这篇文章主要指出“情感认可”从心理学本义异化为强求他人认同。作者认为人真正渴望的是被珍视，它能塑造自我；人们应摒弃一味求认可，建立成熟稳固的自我价值感。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“To him, validation meant: your feelings exist, they make sense within your internal world, and they deserve to be heard.( 对他而言，认可意味着：你的感受是存在的，它们在你的内心世界中是有意义的，而且它们值得被倾听。)”可知，他提出认可正是为了对抗当时主流心理学忽视来访者内心体验的做法。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“It changed into a broader moral expectation: if I feel something, others should validate it.( 它转变成了一个更广泛的道德期望：如果我有某种感受，他人就应该认可它。)”可知，这种转变本质上是从“尊重内心体验”变成了“要求他人完全认同自己的感受”。由此可知，第三段中划线的“这种转变”指的是对完全一致的强烈渴望。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“A parent who values their child can say, “I love you, and I’m not buying you that toy.” Validation may ease an emotional state, but being valued shapes the self. Validation can be spoken; value is felt.( 一位重视自己孩子的家长可以说：“我爱你们，但我不会给你们买那个玩具。”认可能够缓解情绪状态，但被重视却能塑造自我。认可可以以言语表达出来；重视则是内心的感受。)”可推知，作者对于“被重视”这一话题的观点是它有助于构建自我认知。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It grows when you can reflect on your emotions, differentiate past from present, and remain solid even when your perceptions are challenged. This is what allows both connection and growth.( 当你可以反思自己的情绪、区分过去和现在，并在自己的认知受到挑战时仍能保持坚定时，这种价值感就会增强。这既有助于建立联系，也有助于实现成长。)”可知，对现实自我认知的追求让人们建立起联系并实现成长。 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 330-390 盲目宽恕的危害与理性自我和解 社会思辨议论文 guess词义猜测、locate事实细节、infer利弊推理、summarize段落主旨、analyze作者建议、judge隐含态度 聚焦人际关系、心理治愈思辨热点，以科研论据支撑观点，契合新高考思辨育人导向，词义猜测、细节推理、观点提炼为常年必考题型。 The message is repeatedly told to us from childhood: forgive people who’ve wronged you because it’s the only way to heal. Forgiving someone can indeed be beautiful, but if the relationship isn’t healthy, trying to “fix” things can do more harm than good. Most agree forgiving a wrongdoer means letting go of negative feelings like anger and hatred towards them, expecting to put it all behind us as if nothing happened. Yet this pressure to “move on” can make us feel our experiences don’t matter, or, at least, that they matter less than the situation being smoothed over. This isn’t helpful. While it’s not a good idea to focus on negative thoughts, recognizing and processing all of that pain is an important part of the healing journey. Forgiving those who don’t make us feel safe chips away at our dignity. A 2010 study called this the “doormat effect”: forgiving partners who don’t value us reduces self-respect, along with a decreased sense of self. The same applies to forgiving those who refuse to make changes, probably because the victims feel they fail to stand up for themselves, like they’ve let themselves be walked over, as the author puts it. Things can get worse if we keep on forgiving someone who’s done wrong. A 2011 study looked at how 72 newlywed couples expressed forgiveness towards acts of offence(冒犯), and whether this caused any changes in the offenders’ behaviour. It turned out that when a partner forgave those acts, the offender was more likely to keep doing them probably because facing the consequences of their actions is what motivates people to change their ways, and being forgiven can be a kind of pass to avoid making changes. This reveals the tension in always forgiving: it burdens victims to resolve issues, not offenders. What if, instead of looking to forgiveness like a cure-all, we accept a situation for what it is without any sense of obligation towards our offender? This way, healing will still be a process, but it’s one centred around us and our own needs. 5．What do most people believe about forgiveness? A．It offers a quick solution to all emotional conflicts. B．It always strengthens the relationship between people. C．It means forgetting unpleasant things happening in the past. D．It depends on the wrongdoer making meaningful changes first. 6．What does the underline phrase “chips away at” in the paragraph 3 mean? A．gradually weakens B．accidentally destroys C．carefully repairs D．intentionally ignores 7．What does the “doormat effect” in paragraph 3 explain? A．Victims forgiving a wrongdoer increases their motivation to change. B．Forgiveness plays a major role in healthy communication. C．Forgiveness reflects the offender’s failure to insist on their boundaries. D．Unconditional forgiveness may have a negative impact on the victim. 8．What alternative approach does the author suggest for healing? A．Cutting off all contact with offenders. B．Pretending the offense never occurred. C．Forcing offenders to admit their mistakes. D．Prioritizing one’s own needs and well-being. 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．D 8．D 【导语】文章论证了无条件宽恕的危害，并提出以自我需求为中心的替代疗愈方式。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Most agree forgiving a wrongdoer means letting go of negative feelings like anger and hatred towards them, expecting to put it all behind us as if nothing happened. (多数人认为，原谅犯错者意味着放下愤怒、怨恨等负面情绪，当作一切从未发生，将过往抛之脑后。)”可知，多数人认为原谅意味着淡忘过往不愉快的事。 6．词句猜测题。根据下文“A 2010 study called this the “doormat effect”: forgiving partners who don’t value us reduces self-respect, along with a decreased sense of self.(2010年一项研究将此称作“门垫效应”：原谅不珍惜自己的伴侣，会不断消磨自尊、削弱自我认同感。)”可知，原谅无法带来安全感的人，会渐渐损耗我们的尊严。由此可知，chips away at意为“逐渐削弱”。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段“A 2010 study called this the “doormat effect”: forgiving partners who don’t value us reduces self-respect, along with a decreased sense of self.( 2010年一项研究将此称作“门垫效应”：原谅不珍惜自己的伴侣，会不断消磨自尊、削弱自我认同感。)”可知，该效应解释了无条件原谅会对受害者产生消极影响。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“This way, healing will still be a process, but it’s one centred around us and our own needs.(治愈依旧会循序渐进，但这份治愈将以自身需求与感受为核心。)”可知，作者建议采用先顾及自身需求与身心健康的替代性方式来抚平伤痛。 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 310-370 接纳自我不完美、包容自身短板 人文成长议论文 infer段落作用、guess词义替换、locate细节依据、summarize文章主旨、select最佳标题、infer写作意图 紧扣青年成长、挫折接纳育人主题，价值观正向，文本逻辑清晰稳定，主打标题归纳、段落功能判断、词义猜测等基础高频考题，适配高考基础题型考查。 Clumsiness (笨拙), is among the most shameful things. On returning a carton to the fridge, we trip and spill orange juice all over our clothes and even into our shoes. It takes several towels and a long time to clean everything up. We feel like a little child and wonder when we will grow up into the adults we supposedly are. Unfortunately clumsiness stalks us everywhere. A month ago we struck our knee against a door, then we spilled blueberries over the kitchen floor, and recently we went around for a whole day not noticing there was a piece of lettuce coating one of our teeth. We’re angry about, and ashamed of ourselves. Our clumsiness goes against our self-image as competent grown-ups. There is a word for the clumsy person in Yiddish: “klutz.” It’s the inner klutz who makes us drop plates and walk into doors. Most people do not like to admit that they have this “inner klutz.” Instead, they try to ignore it and hope that they have already grown out of it. But the truth is that it never completely disappears. But there would be another option: to make friends with our inner klutz instead of denying its existence. We should accept without anger that we are klutzes who knock things over, spill drinks and make fools of ourselves, which is humiliating only if we insist that the only way to be acceptable is to show constant competence. We wouldn’t mind being clumsy if everyone were clumsy, too. In comedy shows people fall off their bikes or walk into lampposts, and we feel relieved that clumsiness is not ours alone. It may look as if we’re laughing at them but really we’re delighted to have found people as absurd as we are. The next time we spill something down our front, we shouldn’t feel angry. We should greet our inner klutz like an old familiar friend with a warm smile of recognition. 9．What is the main purpose of paragraph 1? A．To introduce clumsiness. B．To describe daily accidents. C．To stress adults are capable. D．To show children are clumsy. 10．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “stalks” in paragraph 2? A．Threatens. B．Reminds. C．Follows. D．Avoids. 11．Why do people feel relieved seeing clumsiness in comedy shows? A．Because clumsiness happens to others too. B．Because comedy shows reduce their pressure. C．Because they take pleasure in laughing at others. D．Because clumsiness in shows is particularly delightful. 12．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Secret of Clumsiness B．Making Friends with Your Inner Klutz C．Your Inner Klutz Ruins Your Self-image D．Why People Feel Ashamed of Clumsiness 【答案】9．A 10．C 11．A 12．B 【导语】主要讲述人人都有笨拙的一面，不必为此羞愧，应接纳自身的笨拙并与内心的笨拙自我坦然相处。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Clumsiness (笨拙), is among the most shameful things. On returning a carton to the fridge, we trip and spill orange juice all over-our clothes and even into our shoes.(笨拙是最令人难堪的事情之一，把盒装饮品放回冰箱时，我们会绊倒并把橙汁洒到衣服甚至鞋子上。)”可知，第一段通过生活中的尴尬事例引出笨拙这一话题。 10．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Unfortunately clumsiness stalks us everywhere. A month ago we struck our knee against a door, then we spilled blueberries over the kitchen floor, and recently we went around for a whole day not noticing there was a piece of lettuce coating one of our teeth.(遗憾的是，笨拙感stalks我们的方方面面。一个月前我们膝盖撞到了门上，接着又把蓝莓撒得厨房满地都是，最近还一整天四处走动，都没察觉到有一片生菜叶包裹住自己的一颗牙齿上。)”可知，后文列举多处生活中随处可见的笨拙时刻，说明笨拙一直伴随在人们身边，因此，画线单词stalks含义与“跟随”相近，C选项符合语境。 11．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“In comedy shows people fall off their bikes or walk into lampposts, and we feel relieved that clumsiness is not ours alone.(喜剧节目里有人从自行车上摔下或撞到路灯，我们会感到释怀，意识到笨拙并非只发生在自己身上。)”可知，人们看到喜剧里的笨拙场面感到释怀，是因为明白笨拙也会发生在其他人身上。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中的“But there would be another option: to make friends with our inner klutz instead of denying its existence.(但我们可以换一种选择：与内心的笨拙自我和解相处，而非否认它的存在。)”可知，文章围绕不必因自身笨拙而羞愧，要接纳并坦然面对内心笨拙的自己展开论述，所以“Making Friends with Your Inner Klutz(与内心笨拙的自己和解交友)”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。 题型二、人与社会 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 350-410 AI侵权风险与人类原创版权保护 科技社会议论文 locate目的细节、identify指代对象、summarize段落大意、infer观点态度、judge逻辑关系、analyze事件本质 紧跟AI科技时政热点，融合科技发展与人文版权思辨，贴合新高考科技+人文命题趋势，设问灵活，押题优先级极高。 Books were stamped with “Human Authored” logos (标识) at this week’s London Book Fair. The Society of Authors described its labelling as “an important logo to protect and promote human creativity instead of AI labelled content in the marketplace.” Visitors to the fair were also given copies of Don’t Steal This Book, a collection of 10,000writers including Nobel winner Kazuo Ishiguro and Richard Osman, in which the pages are completely blank. The back cover states: “The UK government must not legalize book theft to benefit AI companies.” The empty book is a protest against AI companies using copyrighted works without permission or payment to train their models — and against UK government proposals that could legalize this practice. Organized by Ed Newton-Rex, a composer and copyright campaigner, the project has drawn vast support from the literary world. The AI industry is “built on stolen work” “This is a crime that has victims,” he added, “Generative AI competes with the creators of the works it trains on, taking away their livelihoods.” The protest comes just a week before the UK government is due to publish an economic impact assessment of proposed changes to copyright law. The government initially proposed a system, under which AI firms could use copyrighted material unless rights holders refused permission — an exact opposite of copyright law’s core principle. Only 3% of people surveyed backed the plan. The government dropped it but is now considering a “commercial research exception” that would still allow AI companies to use works without approval for commercial training. For the authors behind Don’t Steal This Book, the blank pages are a powerful symbol: they represent the future of writing if AI companies continue to use creative work without payment — a world where authors are left with nothing. As the Society of Authors put it, the empty book is “a stopgap measure” — but the real solution is a copyright system that protects human creativity, not commercial greed. 13．Why were the books stamped with “Human Authored” logos? A．To show public sympathy for authors. B．To fight AI’s stealing copyrighted works. C．To promote newly-published works. D．To introduce promising authors. 14．What does the underlined word “victims” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Ordinary readers. B．Literary promotion campaigns. C．Human writers. D．Generative AI models. 15．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The protest weakening UK’s economy. B．Copyright law enjoying public support. C．AI firms prioritizing commercial profits. D．The UK government favoring AI companies. 16．How does the Society of Authors view the empty book? A．It is a band-aid fix B．It stands the test of time. C．It is a game changer. D．It works once and for all. 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．D 16．A 【导语】主要介绍伦敦书展推出人类原创标识与空白抗议书籍，反对AI未经授权盗用作品，以及英国政府相关版权政策的争议。 【详解】13．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Society of Authors described its labelling as “an important logo to protect and promote human creativity instead of AI labelled content in the marketplace.”(英国作家协会将该标识描述为保护和弘扬人类创作力、抵制市场中AI标注内容的重要标识。)”可知，加盖“Human Authored”标识是为了抵制AI盗用受版权保护的作品。 14．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The AI industry is “built on stolen work” “This is a crime that has victims,” he added, “Generative AI competes with the creators of the works it trains on, taking away their livelihoods.”(人工智能行业建立在被盗用的作品之上，这一行为存在受害者；生成式AI与被训练作品的创作者竞争，夺走了他们的生计。)”可知，AI盗用创作作品损害了人类作家的权益，因此，画线单词指代“人类作家”。 15．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“The government initially proposed a system, under which AI firms could use copyrighted material unless rights holders refused permission — an exact opposite of copyright law’s core principle. (英国政府最初提出一项制度，除非版权所有者拒绝，否则AI公司可使用版权作品，这与版权法核心原则完全相悖。)”可知，第四段主要讲述英国政府出台相关政策倾向于偏袒AI公司。 16．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“As the Society of Authors put it, the empty book is “a stopgap measure” — but the real solution is a copyright system that protects human creativity, not commercial greed.(英国作家协会表示，这本空白书籍只是一项临时补救措施，真正的解决办法是建立保护人类创作力而非商业贪欲的版权制度。)”可知，在协会看来这本空白书籍只是权宜之计、临时补救办法，与A选项权宜之计含义相符。 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 320-380 慢生活理念、摒弃过度内卷焦虑 生活思辨议论文 locate细节信息、infer深层含义、summarize核心论点、judge作者态度、compare信息差异 聚焦青年内卷、焦虑缓解、慢生活价值热点，贴合当下社会心态，思辨性强，常考态度判断与主旨概括，为新高考热门选材。 When I asked my 15-year-old cousin about her ideal occupation, she gave me an unusual answer, saying that she dreams of becoming an online celebrity, which reminded me of a new girl band called “Sunshine”. These teens have quickly got an ill fame across China because of their “unattractive” and “fat” appearance and laughably bad singing skills. But rather than wither at the offence coming from their 430,000 followers on Weibo, they seem to bloom on the criticism. And following Sunshine’s explosion, numerous new bands like “Power Girls” and “Love-wings” starring average-looking adolescent girls started popping up on people’s mobiles. Lots of ordinary, disadvantaged Chinese teens with no skills but big dreams have looked to unlikely role models such as the Sunshine girls as proof that all it takes is a little self-confidence to get your name in the headlines. It’s incredible to witness so many young Chinese girls make spectacles of themselves online in a desperate attempt to stand out from thousands of potential stars. This kind of grassroots self-promotion is fantastic for Chinese youth who may not otherwise have any opportunities or privileges to be outstanding in China’s competitive society, but for those well-educated kids, there is a rising concern among parents that social networking is distracting them from academics. Sadly, these so-called stars quickly disappear from people’s attention once a new band pops up. Besides, they are likely to leave behind the online record of their ridiculous behavior. Prospective (将来的) employers and even potential husbands or wives will eventually see these photos and videos, which could affect their futures. The good news is that, in today’s Internet age, fame and fortune are easily attainable for otherwise unqualified kids, but the bad news is that their narcissistic (自恋的) addictions to social media will interfere with learning knowledge and real-life skills, leaving an entire generation of wired youth with absolutely no other alternative once their online followers forget about them. 17．What does the underlined word “wither” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Become weak. B．Become strong. C．Become happy. D．Become excited. 18．What does the author imply about teenagers who seek fame through social media? A．They are likely to become more confident and successful. B．They may face negative consequences in the long run. C．They will be remembered as pioneers of the Internet age. D．They are often distracted from their academic studies. 19．What is the author’s attitude towards the trend of young girls seeking online fame? A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 20．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce a new music trend in China. B．To criticize the entertainment industry. C．To discuss the phenomenon of seeking online fame among teens. D．To encourage young people to become online celebrities. 【答案】17．A 18．B 19．C 20．C 【导语】文章主要围绕青少年追捧网红、借助网络博取名气的现象展开，分析该现象出现的原因、带来的利弊以及潜藏的长远隐患。 【详解】17．词句猜测题。根据原文第一段“But rather than wither at the offence coming from their 430,000 followers on Weibo, they seem to bloom on the criticism. (面对微博四十三万网友的非议，她们并未wither，反倒在指责声中愈发活跃。)”可知，面对众多网友的非议，她们在指责声中愈发活跃，说明他们并未消沉，故wither此处含义为变得消沉、衰弱。 18．推理判断题。根据原文第四段“Prospective employers and even potential husbands or wives will eventually see these photos and videos, which could affect their futures. (未来的雇主乃至婚恋对象终究会看到这些影像资料，这可能会对她们的人生造成影响。)”可知，依靠网络博取名气的青少年长远来看可能会承受负面后果。 19．推理判断题。根据原文第三段“This kind of grassroots self-promotion is fantastic for Chinese youth who may not otherwise have any opportunities or privileges to be outstanding in China’s competitive society, but for those well-educated kids, there is a rising concern among parents that social networking is distracting them from academics. (这种草根式自我展示，给原本难以在竞争激烈的社会中脱颖而出的年轻人提供了机会。但对于受过良好教育的孩子，家长们愈发担心社交网络会耽误他们的课业学习。)”可知，作者客观看待这一现象，兼具肯定与担忧。 20．推理判断题。根据原文第二段“And following Sunshine’s explosion, numerous new bands like “Power Girls” and “Love-wings” starring average-looking adolescent girls started popping up on people’s mobiles. (随着阳光少女组合爆红，诸多由相貌普通的少女组成的新晋女团，如活力女孩、爱翼少女等，开始频频出现在大众手机视野中。)”及第三段“This kind of grassroots self-promotion is fantastic for Chinese youth who may not otherwise have any opportunities or privileges to be outstanding in China’s competitive society, but for those well-educated kids, there is a rising concern among parents that social networking is distracting them from academics. 这种草根式自我展示，给原本难以在竞争激烈的社会中脱颖而出的年轻人提供了机会。但对于受过良好教育的孩子，家长们愈发担心社交网络会耽误他们的课业学习。)”等可知，全文围绕少女组团走红网络、青少年热衷网络成名的现象展开探讨，分析现象成因、利弊与隐患，可知作者写作目的是探讨青少年追捧网络名气这一社会现象。 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 330-390 独处的价值、独处与孤独的概念区分 人文心理议论文 distinguish概念辨析、locate细节正误、infer逻辑推理、guess语境生词、summarize写作目的 以大众认知误区为切入点，辨析易混淆概念，是新高考议论文标志性考法，侧重思辨能力与文本细节甄别能力考查，命题稳定。 Dear boss — You have always tried to attract young consumers, and our consultants have always come up with new ways to label them. The trouble is that coming up with rules to define a group of humanity is more art than science. It is likely to become an exercise in applying stereotypes (刻板印象); not every youngster is drinking kombucha in a Brooklyn storehouse. Luckily you have me, and I’m here to tell you that much of what is written about marketing to today’s most prized consumers is a myth. Start with the idea that, glued to smartphones, youngsters barely notice the physical world and passively follow the latest hit from Instagram or TikTok. It’s true that the days of marketing chiefly through television, newspapers and magazines are long gone. However, social media has not just changed the ways people discover brands; it has weakened the power of marketing as a whole. Online, talk is cheap and prices are readily Googled. Digital natives, therefore, can easily fact-check our suspicious marketing claims and ads. Surveys suggest that young Americans are among the most price-sensitive food shoppers. It doesn’t help that they have accumulated less wealth than earlier generations had by the same age. There is a similar urge to think that physical shops no longer matter. Young consumers love their Amazon deliveries. It makes sense for our company to make sales via social media and ship directly to customers’ homes. But what works best is the close integration of the digital and physical worlds. Remember those online-only beauty brands like Glossier, which took the world by storm during the pandemic. It turns out that they struggle to get repeat business and have had to pair up with physical shops. What really matters is avoiding insincerity. Dishonesty is easily exposed online, where everyone loves a takedown. Remember the strong resistance to Boohoo, a fast-fashion firm, when it appointed Kourtney Kardashian, a celebrity leading a luxurious life, as a “sustainability ambassador”? And commit only to causes you can tangibly support and be frank when you are putting profits first. Anyway, nobody is perfect. To pretend otherwise is so 2013. We are people just as our customers are and people contain multitudes (群众). 21．What is the problem with finding rules to define a group of people? A．It is strongly refused by young people. B．It tends to apply fixed labels to everyone. C．It requires scientific methods rather than artistic ones. D．It fails to include the Brooklyn storehouse culture. 22．Why are the surveys about young Americans mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To reveal their incompetence in saving money. B．To illustrate they are sensitive to the prices of food online. C．To prove they are not passive receivers of online marketing tricks. D．To demonstrate marketing has a great impact on their spending habits. 23．Which of the following statements may the author agree with? A．Celebrities work as reliable ambassadors. B．Young customers don’t visit physical shops. C．Dishonesty in marketing was not rare in 2013. D．Traditional media still play a major role in marketing. 24．What is a suitable title for the text? A．How to Sell to the Young: From Myth to Truth B．How to Attract the Young: Honesty and Profits C．How to Expand Youth Market: From Ideas to Practice D．How to Increase Sales Online: Labeling and Marketing 【答案】21．B 22．C 23．C 24．A 【导语】文章是一封写给老板的一份打破常规的备忘录——想打开年轻人的市场，就要对消费者坦诚相待。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Dear boss — You have always tried to attract young consumers, and our consultants have always come up with new ways to label them. The trouble is that coming up with rules to define a group of humanity is more art than science. It is likely to become an exercise in applying stereotypes (刻板印象); not every youngster is drinking kombucha in a Brooklyn storehouse.(尊敬的老板——您一直致力于吸引年轻消费者，而我们的顾问们也总是想出各种新方法来为他们贴上标签。但问题在于，制定定义一个人群的规则更像是艺术而非科学。这很可能会变成一种运用刻板印象的活动；并非每个年轻人都在布鲁克林的仓库里喝康普茶)”可知，对于确定一群人所属的规则设定这一问题，其具体原因是它往往会将所有人一概而论地贴上固定的标签。 22．推理判断题。根据第二段“Online, talk is cheap and prices are readily Googled. Digital natives, therefore, can easily fact-check our suspicious marketing claims and ads. Surveys suggest that young Americans are among the most price-sensitive food shoppers. It doesn’t help that they have accumulated less wealth than earlier generations had by the same age.(在网络世界里，言语轻而易取，价格也容易在网上查到。因此，数字原生代能够轻松地核实我们那些可疑的营销宣传和广告内容。调查表明，年轻的美国人是价格最为敏感的食品购买者之一。而且，与前几代人相比，他们到相同年龄时积累的财富要少得多)”可推知，第二段中提到关于美国年轻人的调查的目的是为了证明他们不是网络营销伎俩的被动接受者。 23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“And commit only to causes you can tangibly support and be frank when you are putting profits first. Anyway, nobody is perfect. To pretend otherwise is so 2013.(只致力于你能切实支持的事业，当你把利益放在第一位时，要坦率。无论如何，人无完人。假装完美，那是2013年的事了)”可推知，也许作者认为在2013年不诚实的营销并不罕见。 24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Dear boss — You have always tried to attract young consumers, and our consultants have always come up with new ways to label them. The trouble is that coming up with rules to define a group of humanity is more art than science.(亲爱的老板——您一直试图吸引年轻消费者，而我们的顾问也总是想出新的方法来给他们贴上标签。问题在于，制定规则来定义一群人，与其说是科学，不如说是艺术)”及最后一段中的“And commit only to causes you can tangibly support and be frank when you are putting profits first. Anyway, nobody is perfect. To pretend otherwise is so 2013.(只致力于你能切实支持的事业，当你把利益放在第一位时，要坦率。无论如何，人无完人。假装不完美，那是2013年的事了)”可知，文章是一封写给老板的一份打破常规的备忘录——想打开年轻人的市场，要对消费者坦诚相待。由此可知，A选项“如何向年轻人推销：从神话到事实”适合作本文最佳标题。 题型三、人与自然 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 340-400 碎片化阅读的弊端与深度阅读的重要性 学习思辨议论文 compare信息对比、infer利弊推理、summarize段落主旨、judge观点倾向、analyze论证手法 贴合学生日常学习场景，新旧学习方式对比为三年高频考点，侧重辩证思维考查，适配新高考立德树人、思辨能力考查要求。 Pictures and videos of all sorts of animals regularly go viral these days because people connect with the apparent joy, friendship and playfulness of these animals. Unfortunately, the initial enthusiasm of these posts is often squashed by someone rightly noting that the animal’s reaction is not joy or pleasure, but fear, anger or pain. The reason we often get cases like this wrong is that we interpret the emotional content of many behaviors automatically and unconsciously. This is a version of anthropomorphism: interpreting animals as we would interpret another human. The standard view has been that anthropomorphism is primarily an error of overestimating the intelligence of animals. In recent decades, many authors have pushed back against this attitude towards anthropomorphism, arguing animals are a lot like us and that many “anthropomorphic” claims about animals are actually true. Instead of getting caught in a black-and-white debate, however, I want a more complicated, informed discussion of competing ideas. Once we agree that animals do in fact, have emotions, we can acknowledge that the anthropomorphic mistake is not seeing emotion where there is none — it is seeing the wrong emotion. Each of us has a set of perceptual, emotional and cognitive capacities that allow us to engage and understand one another socially. These capacities help guide and structure all sorts of interactions, and we are generally not even aware we are using them. They are generally, but not perfectly, tuned for human interaction. Things can get messy, though, when we use them to interpret animals. Perhaps the best-studied version of this is the primate “grin” (灵长类动物的咧嘴笑). The animal is not happy, it turns out. The exact signaling function varies by species, but it usually signals something more like fear or anxiety, often by a submissive individual in a tense social situation. This is, in fact, anthropomorphism, because you are interpreting an animal’s behavior in the same way we would interpret human behavior. This kind of anthropomorphism is a form of cognitive bias (偏见) resulting from shortcuts taken by our reasoning processes, usually without our awareness. We should approach the topic of anthropomorphism from the angle of bias. Traditionally, assumptions about how and when people anthropomorphise have been so fixed that the psychology did not seem worth investigating. Slightly different attitudes can be found. For example, even though they advocate for anthropomorphic views of animals, the zoologists Jesus Rivas and Gordon Burghardt memorably note that it can be tricky: “Anthropomorphism comes in many forms and can catch you off guard!” While the recognition of “many forms” is progress, it makes the need for evidence-based research only more pressing. By focusing on implicit (隐性的) anthropomorphism, we shift attention from debating specific “humanlike” features to examining the deeper psychological mechanisms that make anthropomorphism so slippery. This, I believe, is the most challenging and most significant dimension of the problem. 25．What does the word “squashed” underlined in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Awakened. B．Dampened. C．Misguided. D．Underestimated. 26．What can we learn about anthropomorphism? A．It turns animals’ negative emotions into positive ones B．It underrates the emotional capacities of animal species. C．It contributes to the shortcuts of our reasoning processes. D．It reflects the projection of human qualities onto animals 27．The author quotes Jesus and Gordon to ________. A．confirm the value of anthropomorphism B．highlight the complexity of anthropomorphism C．warn us of the limitations of anthropomorphism D．remind us to view anthropomorphism positively 28．What does the author intend to do by writing this passage? A．Propose a fresh perspective. B．Analyze a worrying tendency. C．Evaluate the credibility of a theory. D．Explore the origin of a phenomenon. 【答案】25．B 26．D 27．B 28．A 【导语】文章主要探讨了人类对动物行为的拟人化解释现象，指出这往往源于认知偏差，并呼吁从偏见角度深入研究这一复杂问题。 【详解】25．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Pictures and videos of all sorts of animals regularly go viral these days because people connect with the apparent joy, friendship and playfulness of these animals. Unfortunately, the initial enthusiasm of these posts is often squashed by someone rightly noting that the animal’s reaction is not joy or pleasure, but fear, anger or pain.(如今，各类动物的图片和视频时常在网上疯传，因为人们会被这些动物流露出的喜悦、友谊和嬉戏感所打动。不幸的是，这些帖子的最初热情常常被一些人_____，他们有理有据地指出，动物的反应不是喜悦或快乐，而是恐惧、愤怒或痛苦)”可知，动物的反应是恐惧、愤怒或痛苦，而不是人们所以为的喜悦或快乐，因此人们对这些帖子的热情会减弱，故划线词squashed意为“减弱，受到抑制”，与“Dampened”意思相近。 26．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This is a version of anthropomorphism: interpreting animals as we would interpret another human. (这是一种拟人化：像解读另一个人一样解读动物)”可知，拟人化用解读人的方式来解读动物，反映了将人类特质投射到动物身上的现象。 27．推理判断题。根据第五段中“For example,even though they advocate for anthropomorphic views of animals, the zoologists Jesus Rivas and Gordon Burghardt memorably note that it can be tricky: “Anthropomorphism comes in many forms and can catch you off guard!” (例如，动物学家Jesus Rivas和Gordon Burghardt虽然主张对动物采取拟人化的看法，但他们特别指出，这可能会很棘手：“拟人化有多种形式，可能会让你措手不及！”)”可知，作者引用Jesus和Gordon的话是为了说明拟人化并非简单的问题，它形式多样，容易让人在不经意间犯错，从而强调了拟人化这一现象的复杂性。 28．推理判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段中“We should approach the topic of anthropomorphism from the angle of bias. Traditionally, assumptions about how and when people anthropomorphise have been so fixed that the psychology did not seem worth investigating...By focusing on implicit (隐性的) anthropomorphism, we shift attention from debating specific “humanlike” features to examining the deeper psychological mechanisms that make anthropomorphism so slippery. This, I believe, is the most challenging and most significant dimension of the problem. (我们应该从偏见的角度来探讨拟人化这一话题。传统上，关于人们如何以及何时进行拟人化的假设太过固定，以至于其背后的心理机制似乎不值得研究。……通过关注隐性拟人化，我们将注意力从争论具体的“类人”特征转移到审视使拟人化如此难以捉摸的更深层次的心理机制上。我相信，这是这个问题最具挑战性也最有意义的维度)”可知，作者分析了拟人化的现象、问题及成因，并指出传统研究的不足，进而提出从“偏见”和“心理机制”角度研究拟人化的新方向。因此，作者通过写这篇文章旨在提出一个新的研究视角。 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 300-360 善意的边界、理性行善避免道德绑架 社会公德议论文 locate事实细节、infer因果逻辑、summarize核心观点、judge文本态度、guess熟词生义 聚焦社会公德、理性行善热点，破除大众片面认知，思辨性强，设问常规且贴合高考题型分布，属于高频备考题材。 Young people’s engagement with social media platforms like TikTok and Instagram is shaping how they understand and interact with the natural world, offering opportunities to connect their online experiences with meaningful encounters with nature, a new study reveals. The research, published in People and Nature, found that teenagers often encounter nature through their time online, which influences their perceptions and behaviors when visiting the countryside. These digital baselines provide educators, policymakers and outdoor leaders with a unique starting point for building deeper connections with nature. Dr. Jack Reed, from the University of Exeter, who led the study, said, “Young people are not separating their online and offline worlds the way previous generations might have. Their experiences of nature can begin online, and this influences how they engage with the outdoors in person. Rather than resisting this change, we can adopt it and use it as a tool to inspire stronger connections with the natural world.” The study emphasizes that “screen based nature” content, from outdoor challenges to virtual environments, is shaping how young people come to know nature. Social media platforms offer round-the-clock access to natural imagery and ideas, inspiring trends like nature-inspired art and outdoor adventures. While these digital interactions lack the sensory richness of being outdoors, they present exciting opportunities to introduce young people to real-life experiences in nature. Dr. Reed said, “It’s clear that young people are learning about nature in new and innovative ways. By recognizing and building on this, we can create educational programs that meet them where they are at and inspire real-world exploration. This approach allows us to connect young people’s online inspirations to the practical benefits of being outdoors.” “There’s no value in trying to deny young people’s use of technology — it’s part of their world,” Dr. Reed said. “Instead, we can celebrate and channel their digital experiences to build meaningful, real-world connections to nature.” 29．What does the underlined part “this change” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Young people’s engaging with social media platforms. B．Young people’s beginning exploring the natural world. C．Young people’s separating their online and offline worlds. D．Young people’s integrating their online and offline worlds. 30．Which of the following is mentioned as a positive effect of “screen-based nature” content? A．It motivates real-world interests. B．It provides a sensory-rich experience. C．It avoids dangerous outdoor adventures. D．It reduces the need for experiences in nature. 31．How does Dr. Reed view young people’s use of social media platforms? A．It’s useless. B．It’s necessary. C．It’s fashionable. D．It’s unbelievable. 32．What does Dr. Reed emphasize about educating young people? A．Limiting technology use to prioritize outdoor activities. B．Replacing digital experiences with traditional education. C．Using online experiences to inspire real-world exploration. D．Encouraging young people to get more digital experiences. 【答案】29．D 30．A 31．B 32．C 【导语】文章主要讨论了社交媒体不是自然教育的敌人，而是连接年轻人与真实自然世界的桥梁。 29．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Young people are not separating their online and offline worlds the way previous generations might have. Their experiences of nature can begin online, and this influences how they engage with the outdoors in person. Rather than resisting this change...( 年轻人不像前几代人那样把网络生活和现实生活割裂开来。他们对自然的认知体验可以从线上开始，而这又会影响他们线下亲身接触户外自然的方式。与其抗拒这种变化……)”可知，我们不必抗拒年轻人融合线上线下生活这种变化，由此可知，this change指代“年轻人融合线上线下生活”。 30．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“While these digital interactions lack the sensory richness of being outdoors, they present exciting opportunities to introduce young people to real-life experiences in nature.(虽然这类线上自然内容缺少户外实景丰富的感官体验，但它为引导年轻人参与现实中的自然体验提供了绝佳机会。)”可知，屏幕类自然内容的积极作用是激发现实自然兴趣。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There’s no value in trying to deny young people’s use of technology — it’s part of their world.(试图否定年轻人使用科技是毫无意义的——科技本就是他们生活的一部分。)”可知，Reed博士认为年轻人使用社交媒体是生活常态、有其必要性。 32．推理判断题。根据第五段“By recognizing and building on this, we can create educational programs that meet them where they are at and inspire real-world exploration. This approach allows us to connect young people’s online inspirations to the practical benefits of being outdoors.(通过认可并依托这一点，我们可以打造贴合年轻人现状的教育项目，激发他们走进现实、探索自然。这种方式能把年轻人从线上获得的兴趣启发，和置身户外带来的实际益处结合起来。)”可知，Reed博士强调要借线上经历启发现实现实世界探索。 题型四、人与自我-道德与品行 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 320-380 挫折磨砺价值、逆境成长的正向意义 成长励志议论文 infer细节推理、locate论据细节、summarize全文主旨、judge作者立场、select文章标题 属于新高考经典育人题材，贴合青年成长、挫折教育核心导向，题型基础稳定，主旨题、推理题搭配固定，必考概率大。 Character traits lead us to think, feel, and act in certain ways. When seeing children or animals suffering, a cold-hearted person might think they deserve what they’re getting and neglect their situation day after day. A compassionate person, however, might feel motivated to take action and provide support. Some character traits have to do with being a morally good or bad person, while others do not. Clearly, honesty contributes to being a good person, while creativity could be used in either a good or bad way. The morally relevant traits come in two varieties — the moral virtues like honesty and the moral vices like dishonesty. The moral virtues are positive qualities we should develop. However, being a virtuous person is more complicated than it seems. For example, consider Samantha, who holds a high-level position at work. As she was leaving the office last night, she had a chance to take home some office supplies for personal use, but she did not. Is that enough for us to conclude she’s honest? The answer is no, for we don’t know whether she takes home supplies on other nights. So let’s change the example. Suppose she never takes home any office supplies, and does that do the trick? The answer is again no, for we don’t know whether she’s dishonest in other areas of her work life. She might misreport the company’s taxes to the government. Now suppose that Samantha never steals supplies from the company, never falsifies (篡改) the company’s tax reporting, and consistently avoids such misconduct. How does that sound? It’s still not good enough. A virtue like honesty should extend to all areas of one’s life — home, work, school, and all the rest. Anyhow, being a good person is never simple. The truth, however, is that character is malleable. Through everyday choices, we can gradually shape who we are. Each step toward honesty, kindness, and courage matters. Every time we choose integrity over deceit, compassion over indifference, and generosity over selfishness, we refine our character. It is this ongoing pursuit that gives depth and meaning to a life. 33．What does the contrast in paragraph 1 show? A．Inborn traits define our capacity for virtues. B．Personality shapes how one responds to situations. C．Most people tend to offer support to those in need. D．Moral judgment influences our reactions to suffering. 34．Why does the author give several versions of Samantha’s story? A．To prove small actions determine honesty. B．To explain virtues require broad consistency. C．To show virtues bring professional reputation. D．To reveal virtues affect one’s decision-making. 35．What is the author’s attitude towards developing character? A．Skeptical. B．Unconcerned. C．Hopeful. D．Cautious. 36．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．How to Develop Moral Virtues B．Samantha: A Model of Honesty? C．Character Traits: Born or Made? D．The Complexity of Being Virtuous 【答案】33．B 34．B 35．C 36．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了性格特质会影响人的思考与行为方式，拥有道德美德并非简单的单一行为，而是需要在生活各方面保持一致，同时指出性格是可以塑造的，通过日常选择能不断完善自身品德。 33．推理判断题。根据原文第一段“Character traits lead us to think, feel, and act in certain ways. (性格特质会引导我们以特定的方式思考、感受和行动。)”及“When seeing children or animals suffering, a cold-hearted person might think they deserve what they’re getting and neglect their situation day after day. A compassionate person, however, might feel motivated to take action and provide support. (看到孩子或动物受苦时，冷酷无情的人可能会觉得他们罪有应得，日复一日地对他们的处境视而不见。而富有同情心的人，则可能会心生触动、主动采取行动，为他们提供帮助与支持。)” 可知，第一段中的对比表明性格会塑造一个人对不同情况的反应方式，故选B。 34．推理判断题。根据原文第三段“For example, consider Samantha, who holds a high-level position at work. As she was leaving the office last night, she had a chance to take home some office supplies for personal use, but she did not. Is that enough for us to conclude she’s honest? The answer is no, for we don’t know whether she takes home supplies on other nights.(例如，以在公司担任高层职位的Samantha为例。昨晚她下班时，本有机会把一些办公用品带回家私用，但她没有这么做。这是否足以让我们断定她为人诚实？答案是否定的，因为我们不知道她在其他晚上是否会把办公用品带回家。)”及第四段“Suppose she never takes home any office supplies, and does that do the trick? The answer is again no, for we don’t know whether she’s dishonest in other areas of her work life. She might misreport the company’s taxes to the government.(假设她从不把任何办公用品带回家，这就足以说明问题了吗？答案依然是否定的，因为我们不知道她在工作的其他方面是否不诚实。她可能会向政府虚报公司税务。)”和第五段“A virtue like honesty should extend to all areas of one’s life — home, work, school, and all the rest. (像诚实这样的美德应该延伸到一个人生活的方方面面 —— 家庭、工作、学校以及其他所有方面。)” 可知，作者讲述Samantha的几个故事版本是为了说明美德需要广泛的一致性，故选B。 35．推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Through everyday choices, we can gradually shape who we are. Each step toward honesty, kindness, and courage matters. (通过日常的选择，我们可以逐渐塑造自己。迈向诚实、善良和勇敢的每一步都很重要。)” 可知，作者对于性格培养的态度是充满希望的，故选C。 36．主旨大意题。根据原文第三段“However, being a virtuous person is more complicated than it seems.(然而，成为一个有美德的人比看起来要复杂得多。)” 以及第五段“A virtue like honesty should extend to all areas of one’s life — home, work, school, and all the rest. (像诚实这样的美德应该延伸到一个人生活的方方面面 —— 家庭、工作、学校以及其他所有方面。)” 及最后一段“Anyhow, being a good person is never simple. (总之，做一个好人从来都不是一件容易的事。)”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要论述了拥有道德美德并非简单的单一行为，即拥有美德的复杂性。因此D项“拥有美德的复杂性”能概括本文主要内容，适合作标题。故选D。 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 350-410 城市人文建设、以人为本的城市发展思辨 社会发展议论文 locate细节依据、infer深层推断、analyze例证作用、summarize段落论点、judge价值倾向 紧扣城市发展、民生宜居时政热点，贴合新高考人与社会主题范畴，侧重论证逻辑与观点升华考查，适配新高考压轴阅读命题风格。 The virtue of intellectual humility (谦逊) is getting much attention. While researchers define it differently, the core of the idea is “recognizing that one’s beliefs and opinions might be incorrect.” But achieving intellectual humility is hard. Overconfidence is a long-lasting problem, faced by many, and does not appear to be improved by education or expertise. Even scientific pioneers can sometimes lack this valuable quality. A．A．Michelson, the first American to win a Nobel Prize in science, expressed a striking view about the fundamental laws of physics, “It seems probable that most of the grand basic principles have now been firmly established.” Over the next few decades, fundamental physical theory witnessed its most dramatic changes. Scientists can be mistaken about the accuracy of their own positions. Even so, there is reason to believe such mistakes will go public. But sometimes it takes a long time. Is there a way to encourage the pursuit of new, possibly unpopular scientific ideas, while acknowledging the great value and power of the scientific enterprise as it now stands? Here is where intellectual humility can play a positive role in science. Intellectual humility is not skepticism. It does not imply doubt. An intellectually humble person may have strong commitments to various beliefs and may pursue those commitments with enthusiasm. Their intellectual humility lies in their openness to the possibility that nobody is in possession of the full truth, and that others, too, may have insights, ideas and evidence that should be taken into account when forming their own best judgments. This openness to inquiry does not, of course, imply that scientists are bound to accept theories they take to be wrong. What we ought to accept is that we too might be wrong, that something good might come of the pursuit of those other ideas and theories, and that tolerating rather than accusing those who pursue such things just might be the best way forward for science and for society. 37．What is the core idea of intellectual humility? A．Questioning everything. B．Avoiding firm beliefs. C．Agreeing with all others. D．Accepting one’s possible errors. 38．Which of the following words is closest to the underlined word “expertise” in paragraph 1? A．experience. B．speciality. C．authority. D．qualification. 39．What does the example of Michelson suggest about scientists? A．They keep trying different ideas. B．They misjudge their own knowledge. C．They often question the existing ideas. D．They dislike predicting what will happen. 40．What makes intellectual humility positive in science? A．It rejects unpopular research. B．It tends to avoid firm commitments. C．It leads to openness to others’ insights. D．It encourages doubts about all old ideas. 【答案】37．D 38．B 39．B 40．C 【导语】文章围绕理智谦逊展开，阐释了它的核心内涵、人们普遍过度自信的现状，借科学家事例说明人易认知出错，并论述了理智谦逊在科学研究中的积极意义与价值。 37．细节理解题。根据第一段“The virtue of intellectual humility (谦逊) is getting much attention. While researchers define it differently, the core of the idea is “recognizing that one’s beliefs and opinions might be incorrect.”(理智谦逊的美德正受到越来越多的关注。尽管研究人员对其定义不同，但这一想法的核心是‘认识到自己的信仰和观点可能是错误的’)”可知，理智谦逊的核心思想是认识到自己的信仰和观点可能是错误的，即接受自己可能存在的错误。 38．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Overconfidence is a long-lasting problem, faced by many, and does not appear to be improved by education or expertise.(过度自信是长期普遍存在的问题，许多人都会遇到，而且似乎不会因教育或expertise而改善)”可知，education(教育)和划线词expertise为并列同类名词，结合后文“Even scientific pioneers can sometimes lack this valuable quality.(即使是科学先驱有时也会缺乏这种宝贵的品质。)”可知，即使是具有专业知识的科学先驱也会过度自信，speciality指代后天习得的学识、专业本领。B选项speciality意为“专业；专长”，与语境高度贴合。 39．推理判断题。根据第二段“A. A. Michelson, the first American to win a Nobel Prize in science, expressed a striking view about the fundamental laws of physics, “It seems probable that most of the grand basic principles have now been firmly established.” Over the next few decades, fundamental physical theory witnessed its most dramatic changes.(第一个获得诺贝尔科学奖的美国人A. A. 密歇尔森对物理学基本定律发表了惊人的观点，‘大多数重要的基本原理似乎都已经牢固确立了。’在接下来的几十年里，基础物理理论经历了最剧烈的变化)”可知，密歇尔森认为重要的基本原理已经牢固确立，但之后基础物理理论却发生了巨大的变化，这说明科学家可能会误判自己的知识。 40．推理判断题。根据第四段“Their intellectual humility lies in their openness to the possibility that nobody is in possession of the full truth, and that others, too, may have insights, ideas and evidence that should be taken into account when forming their own best judgments.(他们的理智谦逊在于，他们愿意接受这样一种可能性：没有人掌握全部真理，其他人在形成自己最佳判断时，也可能有应该考虑到的见解、想法和证据)”可知，理智谦逊使科学家对别人的见解持开放态度，这是理智谦逊在科学领域的积极作用。 2 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $