2026届最新高考英语模拟三轮冲刺之阅读理解15篇（说明文）（广东专用）

2026届最新高考模拟三轮冲刺卷（广东专用） 阅读理解15篇（说明文） Passage 1 Ever notice how some days feel like you’re walking through life surrounded by an invisible force field? There may be random smiles exchanged with strangers, the brief chat with your local barista (咖啡师) who remembers your order, the knowing glance shared with another traveller when something amusing happens on the train. These microconnections might seem insignificant, but they’re actually the building blocks of our social universe. Microconnections refer to short, shared moments with strangers or acquaintances,ranging from a smile or a wave to a casual conversation. They happen everywhere. A coffee order, a bus wait, or a door hold — all count. Ever notice how one positive interaction in the morning can set off a chain reaction of pleasant encounters throughout your day? That’s what we call “social momentum”, and it’s about to get even more interesting. Such interactions matter greatly in modern society. Although social media keeps us digitally connected, loneliness is on the rise. People now have fewer chances to communicate face-to-face, as many daily tasks can be completed online. Worse still, deep social divisions reduce trust between individuals. Microconnections offer a simple way to fight the state of being separate. Microconnections contribute to the overall health and vitality (活力) of our social ecosystem. These small acts of kindness create a two-way benefit, making both speakers and listeners feel seen and valued. In a world that often feels increasingly disconnected, these small moments of genuine human connection aren’t just nice-they’re necessary. What’s more, talking with strangers exposes us to different ideas and perspectives. Unlike close friends, strangers often hold different opinions, allowing us to learn new things and become more open-minded. Over time, frequent microconnections improve trust and strengthen the sense of community. The good news is that anyone can practise microconnections. Like any language, the more you practice, the more natural you become in creating social situations. Your brain starts to recognize patterns, anticipate responses, and generate real connections with the ease of a native speaker. 1．What does the author try to illustrate about microconnections by mentioning “social momentum”? A．It goes with little notice. B．It is all-too-common. C．It is usually insignificant. D．It has positive returns. 2．Why are people suffering more from loneliness nowadays? A．They lack real-life contact. B．They are considered untrustworthy. C．They share too much online. D．They ignore community connections. 3．What is the benefit of microconnections according to paragraph 5? A．Bridging cultural differences. B．Forming a new community. C．Helping avoid limited viewpoints. D．Strengthening the independence. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How Microconnections Change Friendship B．Microconnections: Power in Social Life C．Microconnections: Product of the Digital Age D．Ways to Improve Communication Skills Passage 2 What if we could fight farm weeds with a precise strike instead of blanket chemicals? This vision is now becoming a reality in the farmlands of China. The HG LaserWeederr, a new machine developed by Huagong Tech, marks a major breakthrough in precision agriculture by making targeted weed control a practical reality. This advancement responds directly to the persistent problems associated with traditional farming. Decades of heavy reliance on chemical herbicides (除草剂) have caused significant environmental harm, including soil degradation and water pollution. For China, a nation with vast agricultural lands, finding a sustainable solution is a matter of particular urgency. So, how does this “robot farmer” work? At its core, it combines artificial intelligence with advanced light technology. Its AI-powered visual system, trained on a vast database of plant images, acts as a smart “eye” that can distinguish weeds from crops in milliseconds. Once a weed is spotted, the robot delivers a precise laser beam (激光束) to each weed’s growth center, destroying key cells and causing the plant to die naturally, all without harming the surrounding crops or the soil. The advantages of this approach are substantial. In terms of efficiency, an advanced model equipped with 32 laser heads can destroy up to 320,000 weeds per hour, which is four to eight times more efficient than traditional methods. Through continuous operation, it achieves a weed control rate of over 95%, far outperforming hand weeding and obviating the need for this back-breaking task. Ecologically, it significantly reduces the use of chemicals, thereby cutting off a primary source of agricultural pollution. The introduction of this technology is part of a broader shift toward automated and sustainable agriculture in China and abroad. As farms worldwide seek to enhance efficiency while minimizing environmental impact, robotic solutions like the Hg LaserWeeder are likely to become increasingly common. This technology signals a move toward precision agriculture, where data-driven tools enable farmers to manage their crops with greater accuracy and less dependence on chemicals, pointing the way for a cleaner, more efficient future for farming. 1．What is the main factor behind the development of the Hg LaserWeeder? A．The shortage of clean water. B．The vast farmlands in China. C．The pollution from chemicals. D．The failing power of herbicides. 2．What is the main role of the visual system in the Hg LaserWeeder? A．To deliver laser beams. B．To protect nearby crops. C．To capture plant images. D．To identify target weeds. 3．What does the underlined word “obviating” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Facing. B．Removing. C．Sharing. D．Delaying. 4．What can we infer about future agriculture from the last paragraph? A．It will rely more on smart robotic tools. B．It will witness more global cooperation. C．It will prioritize environment over yields. D．It will improve the social status of farmers. Passage 3 Many people believe that confidence comes from ability. In other words, if someone speaks with certainty, they must know what they are talking about. However, psychological research suggests that the opposite can also be true: individuals with limited ability may display surprisingly high levels of confidence while remaining largely unaware of their limitations. This phenomenon is known as the Dunning-Kruger effect. People with this cognitive (认知的) bias tend to believe they are far more capable than they really are. Because they know little about a subject, they often mistake their limited understanding for real competence and remain unaware of how much they do not know. This idea was first examined by psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger. In a series of experiments, participants were asked to complete tests involving grammar, logical reasoning, and humor. After finishing the tasks, they were asked to estimate how well they had performed. To the researchers’ surprise, participants who scored in the lowest group consistently rated their performance much higher than it actually was. For example, those in the bottom 12% often believed they had performed above average. In contrast, participants who achieved high scores tended to underestimate their performance. According to researchers, this pattern can be explained by a “dual burden.” The skills needed to perform a task well are also required to judge one’s own performance. When people lack these skills, they not only make more mistakes but also fail to assess their performance accurately. The Dunning-Kruger effect has important real-world consequences, as it discourages individuals from seeking feedback or further study. To overcome this, one must understand that true confidence is built on accurate self-awareness. It is developed through continuous learning, actively seeking constructive criticism, and, most crucially, by grounding self-assessment in measurable standards, such as test scores, recorded progress, or expert feedback, rather than merely relying on subjective feelings. This practice not only clarifies what one knows but also sharpens one’s ability to judge that knowledge. 1．According to paragraph 3, participants who scored lowest on the tests ________. A．overestimated their performance B．took more time to finish the tests C．doubted the reliability of the results D．focused more on others’ performance 2．Why does the author mention the term “dual burden”? A．To explain the underlying cause of overconfidence. B．To introduce a new method for psychological testing. C．To contrast the different burdens faced by participants. D．To emphasize the difficulty of performing complex tasks. 3．What does developing true confidence involve? A．Intense competition and high ambition. B．Powerful inspiration and active learning. C．Critical thinking and self-encouragement. D．Objective evaluation and honest reflection. 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．When Cognitive Bias Clouds Thinking B．Why Self-Awareness Can Shape Ability C．When Confidence Outruns Competence D．Why Overconfidence Can Be a Good Thing Passage 4 In the early hours of March 13,1964,Kitty Genovese was attacked violently near her New York apartment despite neighbors hearing her screams. The case made headlines in The New York Times, which reported that 38 witnesses heard the attack but took no action. To figure out the reason, social psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latané conducted two classic experiments. Their first experiment showed that the more bystanders there were, the more an individual’s sense of responsibility diffused — 85% of participants helped in a one-on-one situation, while only 31%did so in a group of six. In their second smoke experiment, 75% of people alone sought help when smoke filled the room, but just 10% did so with passive bystanders around. They pointed out that the bystander effect mainly springs from people’s failure to interpret a situation as an emergency due to others’ inaction. The second reason for the bystander effect is that when multiple bystanders are present, each person feels less personal commitment to act, as they assume others (especially those with professional skills like doctors or police) will intervene.This phenomenon is more common in urban areas with many strangers, unlike in small communities where people feel a clear sense of responsibility to help others they know. Recent research has cast doubt on the universality of Darley and Latané’s classic bystander effect theory. Using real-world CCTV footage from three pairs of culturally diverse cities — Lancaster, Amsterdam, and Cape Town — Dr, Richard Philpot of Lancaster University and his team analyzed 212 violent incidents. Their findings showed that bystanders intervened in 91% of cases, and in direct contradiction to the original theory, the presence of more bystanders actually increased the likelihood of intervention, with multiple people often stepping in together. The consistent types of intervention across different cities suggest we are born with the wish to help others, driven by social conventions and a desire to understand, protect, and assist others. 1．What does the underlined word “diffused” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Weakened. B．Shifted. C．Continued. D．Increased. 2．The bystander effect occurs primarily because people _________. A．are unwilling to help strangers B．are influenced by urbanization C．are discouraged by professionals D．are unable to recognize an emergency 3．Which statement does Philpot probably agree with? A．Protecting others should be advocated. B．Bystander responses rely on intervention types. C．The tendency to help is rooted in human nature. D．Cultural differences lead to the bystander effect. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Cold Shoulder B．The Blind Eye C．A Willing Heart D．A Still Tongue Passage 5 It’s been three decades since The Color Purple brought Alice Walker’s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel to life. The 1985 film earned 11 Academy Award nominations with its heart-breaking yet inspiring story of a young Black woman navigating the hardships of rural Georgia in the early 1900s. Since then, it’s generated two Broadway productions — and now, a brand-new movie. As a Black woman who saw the original film as a teenager, I feel a special connection with the story and how it shows Black women’s struggles, and critics say this new version adds another rich layer. It is more than simply a celebration to the original. It’s a musical adaptation with a different style, though according to award-winning filmmaker Dawn Porter, it’s still “a timeless story of love, friendship and power.” And it’s shaping up to be the next cultural phenomenon, with moviegoers heading to the theaters in big groups while dressed up in purple. But beyond pure marketing, purple holds a greater meaning here. It’s a symbol of power, ambition as well as creativity, independence and peace — things the movie’s main character, Celie, does not have due to years of abuse, family violence and racism. As Celie comes into her own, she starts to get the color’s meaning by “noticing” her worth, learning to love herself and gaining the strength to stand up to those who mistreat her. All that plays into people wearing purple to support the movie and embrace this theme of strength. And it’s very much a cultural moment, just like wearing pink to see Barbie (and black to see Oppenheimer, for that matter). It’s something a group can do together to have fun and also bond. However, while Barbie explores what it means to be a woman — and an individual, The Color Purple focuses on identity, independence and sisterhood. 1．What can we learn about the two versions of the movie? A．They basically share the same core. B．They are both musicals themed love. C．They generated many new creations. D．They are Pulitzer Prize awarded masterpieces. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．A popular cultural phenomenon. B．A market strategy the film applies. C．The symbolism of purple in Celie’s journey. D．The importance of the color purple in marketing the film. 3．Why does the author mention Barbie in the last paragraph? A．Barbie and The Color Purple are series movies. B．Barbie shares the same focus with Oppenheimer. C．The Color Purple explores things that Barbie doesn’t. D．Wearing pink to see Barbie is a similar cultural expression. 4．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To stress Black women’s identity. B．To introduce the prize-winning book. C．To promote the new version of the movie. D．To explore the deeper meaning of the color purple. Passage 6 Autonomous vehicles face many risks as they set out on the road, and even the best robots struggled to make sense of complex environments as quickly as humans. Recently, researchers have taken inspiration from the human eye to develop a new artificial-vision system that is four times faster than current technology. Many robots use cameras and optical flow (光流) to perceive motion. Optical-flow algorithms (算法) use brightness changes between images to work out the robot’s motion and that of nearby objects. Optical-flow methods need, however, much calculation. Distinguishing different objects in a single image can take over 0.6 seconds. This can be costly. For an autonomous vehicle driving at motorway speeds, every half-second delay leads to around 12 metres of travel with outdated information. The efficiency of human vision benefits from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) (外侧膝状体) in the brain. The LGN receives and passes visual information, guiding the processing power to prioritize areas with significant changes in space or time, such as moving objects. Researchers sought to introduce an LGN-like layer into artificial vision systems. Traditional computer chips struggle to achieve high-speed processing due to the separation of processing and storage. Thus, they turned to so-called neuromorphic (神经形态的) hardware to solve that problem, and developed a novel piece of neuromorphic kit to imitate the LGN, which can quickly identify moving areas and guide optical-flow algorithms to focus on them. Tested in a variety of contexts, the new system operated at approximately four times the speed of existing optical-flow methods while maintaining or improving accuracy. Performance increases were particularly notable for autonomous driving, where the accuracy doubled. Yet the system still relies on conventional algorithms. Although it does well in prioritizing images, it can never avoid accuracy decrease for scenes with complex motion — a familiar impediment for optical flow. The researchers hope that their system will increase the variety and complexity of settings in which robotics can be applied and interactions between humans and life-like robots may soon occur in millions of homes. 1．What is the limitation of optical-flow algorithms according to paragraph 2? A．High expense in practical operation. B．Insufficient efficiency in real-life use. C．Occasional mistakes in complex calculation. D．Less flexibility in changing environments. 2．How did researchers improve the existing system? A．By adding visual information. B．By upgrading optical-flow algorithms. C．By separating processing from storage. D．By employing a new neuromorphic device. 3．How is the performance of the new system in tests? A．It shines in both speed and accuracy. B．It works poorly in autonomous driving. C．It fully covers human-robot interactions. D．It totally abandons traditional algorithms. 4．What does the underlined word “impediment ” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Risk. B．Strength. C．Barrier. D．Purpose. Passage 7 If those crucial nineteen minutes of “system maintenance” is taken from the brain every night, it may fail to complete its repair work. Over time, white noise, once considered a helpful sleep aid, may in fact damage the brain. The debate over “noise-assisted sleep” has lasted for years. Researchers at the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research once pointed out that even when we are asleep, our ears never stop working. Joëlle Adrien explained that all sounds are captured by the auditory nerve and sent to the brain. A meaningless background noise may not wake you, yet a baby's cry can instantly awaken a mother. This shows that the brain continues to filter information and consume energy during sleep. For a long time, white noise was seen as a practical solution. Compared to “white light,” it contains a wide range of sound frequencies and is believed to mask sudden noises such as traffic or slamming doors. Under this logic, white noise was regarded as a lesser problem used to fight a greater one. Some studies even suggested that gentle sounds could reduce anxiety and slow the heart rate, which led to the growing popularity of sleep-aid apps. However, more experts are now questioning this idea. Pierre Philip from Bordeaux University Hospital argues that using one noise to cover another is only a false solution. Across Europe, millions of people are exposed to nighttime noise levels that exceed the limit recommended by the World Health Organization. Long-term exposure not only disrupts sleep but also increases the risk of high blood pressure and heart disease. In fact, human evolution has never equipped us with the ability to block out continuous background noise. This approach may help people fall asleep in the short term, but at a deeper level of sleep structure, it may break the most valuable time for the brain’s self-repair. 1．What did the researchers point out about the brain while sleeping? A．It ignores all meaningless noises. B．It continues to process sounds. C．It only reacts to sudden noises. D．It stops working until wake-up. 2．Why was white noise once regarded as beneficial? A．It covers abrupt noise with steady sound. B．It removes environmental noise entirely. C．It enhances auditory sensitivity at night. D．It creates a perfectly silent setting. 3．What can be inferred from Pierre Philip’s statement? A．White noise is a reliable long-term solution. B．Noise pollution is no longer a health concern. C．Masking noise does not solve the key problem. D．The brain can easily adapt to continuous sound. 4．What is a consequence of using noise to assist sleep according to the last paragraph? A．It helps the brain adjust better to environmental noise. B．It may interfere with the brain's essential self-repair. C．It eliminates the need for natural sleep cycles. D．It significantly improves sleep efficiency. Passage 8 In an episode of Friends, actor Joey is asked to host a charity show. “A little good deed... plus some TV exposure, now that’s the kind of math Joey likes to do!” he exclaims, while his friend Phoebe calls it “totally selfish”. This scene captures a common human tendency: our suspicion of do-gooders, especially when they might benefit from their actions. This instinct is explored in a recent paper on “do-gooder derogation (行善者贬损)”. Research shows that we often look for someone’s hidden motive, and once found, we may judge them even more harshly than those who act with obvious self-interest. For instance, in a classic experiment called the public goods game, participants who contributed the most money to a shared pool were often criticized just as badly by other players as those who contributed nothing at all. Psychologist Nichola argues that we are all playing a “status game”, suspicious of anyone who might be faking virtue to boost their own standing. Studies confirm this, revealing a phenomenon known as the “tainted altruism effect” (被玷污的利他效应). Imagine your friend Andy volunteers at a homeless shelter. You later discover he is only doing so to get a date with the manager. Studies suggest we view Andy more negatively than someone who took a job at a coffee shop for the same romantic motive. We are more judgemental of the person hiding self-interest behind a charitable act. Hafenbrädl, a researcher at the University of Navarra, suggests this judgment stems from a calculation weighing the social rewards someone gets against the cost of their deed. In one experiment, a resort owner who spent $100,000 cleaning local beaches was considered less moral when he used the act to advertise his business than when he kept it quiet. Interestingly, Hafenbrädl found that people who donated blood or gave to charity for their own sense of self-satisfaction were considered more moral than those seeking to enhance their reputation. Perhaps Joey is right: pure altruism may not exist. But personally, I am happy to forgive the “warm glow” that comes from helping others, if it means there is a little more kindness in the world. 1．What does the “tainted altruism effect” refer to? A．Judging generous people positively. B．Valuing ordinary jobs over volunteering. C．Rewarding those who seek social recognition. D．Criticizing charitable acts with hidden motives. 2．What can be learned from Hafenbrädl’s experiment? A．Publicity lowers moral credit. B．Cost alone decides moral worth. C．Actions matter more than motives. D．People undervalue environmental acts. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the “warm glow” of helping others? A．Tolerant. B．Skeptical. C．Indifferent. D．Critical. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Disappearance of Pure Altruism B．The Hidden Cost of Being Kind to Others C．Why Are We Suspicious of Do-gooders? D．How to Perform Truly Selfless Good Deeds? Passage 9 When it comes to wildlife protection, humans have found an unlikely but powerful helper: sniffer dogs. These four-legged helpers are using their extraordinary sense of smell to track endangered species, detect illegal wildlife products and stop illegal hunters in their tracks. A sniffer dog’s nose is its greatest tool. While humans have about 5 million smell receptors, dogs have up to 300 million, making them capable of detecting scents at concentrations as low as one part per trillion. For wildlife protection, this means they can pick up the smell of animal droppings, known as scat, from miles away. By analyzing these samples, scientists can learn about the species’ population, health and movement patterns without disturbing the animals themselves. One of the most famous examples is the work of conservation dogs in Africa. In countries like Kenya, dogs are trained to find the scat of endangered animals such as African wild dogs and cheetahs. This information helps conservationists map the animals’ habitats and create effective protection plans. Beyond tracking scat, dogs are also trained to sniff out illegal wildlife products like ivory, rhino horn, and wild animal meat at borders and checkpoints. In some cases, they have even been able to find hidden hunting tools before illegal hunters can carry out their harmful activities. However, training a conservation dog is not an easy task. It takes months of careful training to teach a dog to focus on specific scents and ignore distractions like other animals or food. Trainers use positive reinforcement, rewarding dogs with treats and praise when they make a correct identification. Once trained, these dogs can work for up to 8 years, providing reliable service to wildlife protection efforts. These dogs are more than just tools — they are heroes of the wild. With their help, we are one step closer to preserving the planet’s biodiversity and ensuring that endangered species survive for generations to come. 1．What is the main advantage of sniffer dogs in wildlife protection? A．Their long service life. B．Their obvious trainability. C．Their exceptional sense of smell. D．Their ability to work independently in complex environments. 2．Why do conservationists collect animal scat? A．To make a profit from it. B．To study the species’ condition. C．To distract illegal hunters. D．To train sniffer dogs. 3．What does the underlined word “reinforcement” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Support. B．Control. C．Observation. D．Competition. 4．What can we infer from the passage about conservation dogs? A．They can work independently without trainers. B．Their training relies on positive reinforcement. C．They are only used in African countries. D．They can detect what humans are unable to perceive. Passage 10 Ever feel like there’s never enough time these days? Chased by deadlines and bombarded with social media content, we feel that each day is packed. However, when we stop to think about our day before going to bed, we can’t quite explain what we actually did, and might even feel a bit empty. The idea of “time poverty” is not new. First introduced in 1977, it has attracted much attention over the decades, according to Forbes. Cassie Holmes, a US social psychologist, tracked the time data of tens of thousands of people and found that when people have less than two hours of free time each day, their life satisfaction drops. They may even start to experience feelings such as anxiety and burnout. We live in a world that values productivity. People are expected to be efficient, take on different roles and deal with many tasks. This can lead to a lack of personal time. Not only does this hurt people’s well-being, but it can also lead to a crisis in social relationships. A University of Chicago study found that over the past decade, people’s participation in community activities had dropped by 58 percent, and the chance of neighbors knowing each other had fallen from 75 percent in the 1980s to only 22 percent in 2022. Despite these facts, it is worth noting that more free time does not necessarily mean greater happiness. Holmes pointed out that when people have over five hours of free time a day, they may start to feel a loss of purpose and achievement. Those who have two to five hours of free time each day report the highest levels of happiness and satisfaction. Time is a resource that is equally shared among all people. The key lies not in how much time we have, but in how we use it. If you ever feel short on time, try making small changes to find some “me time”. Exercising or volunteering can help you make the most of your time and give you a sense of achievement. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By sharing a personal story. B．By explaining the meaning of a term. C．By showing how people waste their time. D．By describing a common daily experience. 2．Why does the author mention the University of Chicago study in Paragraph 3? A．To illustrate the serious social consequences of time poverty. B．To prove the positive impact of community activities on time management. C．To criticize the decline in neighborly relationships in modern society. D．To support the idea that people today have less free time than before. 3．What does Cassie Holmes’ research say about free time and happiness? A．Five hours of free time results in burnout. B．More free time always leads to greater happiness. C．Two to five hours of free time brings the best results. D．Less than two hours of free time leads to aimlessness. 4．What does the author advise people to do in the last paragraph? A．To center on improving efficiency. B．To spend free time in a more meaningful way. C．To follow a tight schedule without making changes. D．To strategically reduce workload and social engagements. Passage 11 We live in a time of growing anxiety and fear. As AI becomes more capable and widespread in daily routines, anxieties surrounding it are likely to intensify. As with any form of anxiety, it’s important to acknowledge your feelings and take steps to avoid becoming overwhelmed. Psychologists suggest several specific strategies for managing anxiety about generative AI. These include trying out AI tools to figure out how and where they can be useful, taking breaks from technology to restore and recharge, building new skills, and pursuing activities that activate human creativity and imagination. I would like to expand on the third strategy — building new skills. In a recent research study, my colleagues and I investigated the skills that are required to succeed in the future of work. We reviewed six research studies from around the world and created a skill list of the future work skills. We identified skills that were most frequently identified as key for the future of work: collaboration, communication, creativity and innovation, critical thinking, cross-cultural ability, decision-making and judgment, learning / willingness to learn, problem-solving and social intelligence / perceptiveness. Importantly, all these skills are “human” skills, meaning not digital or technological. In this context, perhaps one of the most effective responses to anxiety about AI is focusing on developing our own human capacities. Researchers argue that the disruptive potential of AI in the workplace involves one of three channels: replacing aspects of human work; complementing (补充) or enhancing human workers and their skills; and creating new tasks for workers. Of these, the second — complementing or enhancing human workers — might be the best path forward. Rather than being viewed only as a threat, generative AI can be seen as a tool that enhances human abilities. Exploring how our own cognitive (认知的) and creative capacities could be enhanced through “collaborative intelligence” with generative AI, might be a useful antidote to being anxious about it. Such cooperation can also help us rethink our relationship with work and find a stronger sense of purpose in a fast-changing world. 1．What did the author’s recent research focus on? A．AI’s future development. B．Practical workplace skills. C．AI’s negative effects on humans. D．Proper ways to apply AI. 2．What is the second channel mainly about according to paragraph 6? A．Creating new job opportunities. B．Ensuring the safety of working conditions. C．Preventing human jobs from being taken over by AI. D．Improving humans themselves by making use of AI. 3．What does the underlined word “antidote” in the last paragraph mean? A．Solution. B．Consequence. C．Principle. D．Reference. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To analyze AI’s rapid development. B．To illustrate people’s anxiety over AI. C．To offer people advice to meet AI challenges. D．To inform people of the threats presented by AI. Passage 12 For decades, scientists have monitored only a narrow range of chemical pollutants in the environment. Yet the modern world contains thousands of industrial compounds, from industrial coatings to household cleaners, and most have never been systematically tested for safety. To discover what else might be hidden in nature, researchers are turning to some unexpected assistants: sea lions, condors (加州秃鹰), alligators (短吻鳄) and other animals. These creatures act as “sentinel species,” meaning they can offer insight into the invisible chemistry of their surroundings. Because they live long lives and occupy the top of food webs, pollutants tend to build up in their tissues. By studying their blood, feathers, or organs, scientists can detect not only familiar pollutants such as PCBs and flame retardants but also entirely new chemical families that had previously gone unnoticed. A technique known as non-targeted analysis allows researchers to search for all chemical compounds within an animal sample rather than searching for one pollutant at a time. Using this open-ended method, teams have identified hundreds of chemicals in wild animals — many came from industrial products, plastics, and household cleaners. Each finding helps map how modern pollutants travel through air, water, and food chains. In California, condors that feed on marine carcasses carry signs of chemicals transported from the ocean. Alligators in Florida reveal pollutants leaking from factories and wastewater systems. These results serve as a warning: pollution is not limited to cities or industrial zones but spreads across ecosystems and species, including humans. Scientists argue that this broader approach could reshape how environmental monitoring is done. Rather than reacting to one chemical crisis after another, researchers can now build a comprehensive picture of ecological health. As one biologist said, “When wildlife tells us something is wrong, it’s not just about them — it’s about the planet we share.” The message is both scientific and moral: protecting nature’s warning species means protecting ourselves. 1．What does the underlined phrase “sentinel species” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Pollutant indicators. B．Waste collectors. C．Chemical producers. D．Household cleaners. 2．Why does the author mention condors and alligators in paragraph 4? A．To compare their dietary patterns in the wild. B．To prove harmful substances differ in various regions. C．To explain the link between diet and chemical exposure. D．To emphasize pollutants can travel through varied habitats. 3．What can be inferred about the broader approach in the last paragraph? A．It helps resolve environmental crises effectively. B．It replaces the existing pollution monitoring methods. C．It provides an integrated view of environmental problems. D．It judges wildlife’s living conditions through human behavior. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How Humans Protect the Warning Species B．How Animals Accumulate Industrial Pollutants C．How Humans Benefit from Wildlife Monitoring D．How Animals Help Scientists Track Down Pollutants Passage 13 To achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality (碳达峰与碳中和), scientists worldwide are seeking efficient ways to turn carbon dioxide (CO₂) into useful resources. In November 2025, a research team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences released a breakthrough: an artificial photosynthesis (光合作用) system that can fix CO₂ with record-high efficiency, bringing new possibilities for low-carbon development. Traditional industrial carbon capture technologies usually have high energy consumption and low conversion rates, and most can only store CO₂ underground without reusing it. The new system, however, imitates the natural photosynthesis of green plants. It uses a low-cost catalyst (催化剂) to turn CO₂ and water into organic matter and oxygen under sunlight, with almost no extra energy input. Lab tests showed that its CO₂ conversion efficiency is 8 times higher than that of natural plant photosynthesis, setting a new global record. Different from previous lab-level technologies that can only work in strict experimental environments, this new system is highly adaptable. It can work normally under normal temperature and pressure, and even perform well in weak sunlight on cloudy days. The research leader, Professor Wang Wei, said the system is also highly scalable: it can be made into small devices for office buildings, or expanded into large-scale systems for factories to process exhaust gas. At present, the team has signed cooperation agreements with 3 domestic new energy enterprises to promote the industrialization of the technology. “This technology is not just a lab achievement. It can directly serve China’s dual carbon goals, and help more industries realize low-carbon transformation,” Professor Wang said in an interview. “We hope this system can become a practical tool to turn ‘carbon emission’ into ‘carbon resource’ in the near future.” 1．What is the core advantage of the new system? A．It has a much lower cost B．It needs no extra energy input C．It sets a new global safety record D．It has far higher CO₂ conversion efficiency 2．What does the underlined word “scalable” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Safe to use B．Easy to expand C．Simple to produce D．Quick to promote 3．What can we learn about the new system? A．It only works in strong sunlight B．It has been put into mass production C．It imitates natural plant photosynthesis D．It can only work in strict experimental environments 4．What can we infer from Professor Wang’s words? A．The technology will face many unknown challenges B．The system will help promote low-carbon development C．The team will cooperate with foreign enterprises soon D．The technology will replace all traditional carbon capture methods Passage 14 Almost one in five adults in the US lives with a mental illness. A number of scientific studies have shown that nature experiences may benefit people’s psychological well-being and cognitive (认知的) function. Experts are starting to recognize interacting with nature as one way to improve mental health. But it has been difficult to find ways to quantify these benefits in a useful manner for cities or organizations that want to integrate nature to improve mental health. “Thinking about the direct mental health benefits that nature contact provides is important to take into account when planning how to conserve nature and integrate it into our cities,” says Greg Bratman, an assistant professor at the University of Washington, offers a conceptual model for this in his study. The study outlines how city planners, landscape architects, developers, and others could eventually anticipate the mental health impacts of decisions related to the environment. Many governments already consider this with regard to other aspects of human health. For example, trees planted in cities improve air quality or reduce urban heat island effects, and parks built in specific neighborhoods encourage physical activity. But these actions don’t usually directly factor in the mental health benefits that trees or a restored park might provide. Then researchers built a model to help make meaningful, informed decisions about environmental projects and how they may impact mental health. It includes four steps for planners to consider: elements of nature included in a project, say at a school or across the whole city; amount of contact people will have with nature; how people interact with nature; and how people may benefit from those interactions, based on the latest scientific evidence. “If the evidence shows that nature contact helps to buffer (缓冲) against negative impacts from other environmental predictors of health, then access to these landscapes can be considered a matter of environmental justice. We hope this framework will contribute to this discussion,” Bratman says. “Eventually, it could be developed and potentially used to help address health disparities in underserved communities.” 1．What challenges planners in using nature to improve mental health? A．The high cost of green space projects. B．The difficulty in measuring the benefits. C．The lack of scientific studies on nature. D．The low awareness of mental illnesses. 2．What is the purpose of Bratman’s conceptual model? A．To help decide on environmental issues. B．To show benefits of nature for mental health. C．To seek medical treatment for mental illnesses. D．To replace traditional urban planning methods. 3．What should the government consider in environmental projects according to the model? A．Increasing the number of urban communities. B．Simplifying natural elements in the community. C．Giving people advice on how to interact with nature. D．Calculating the frequency of people’s nature contact. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Mental Health Crisis: More Green Spaces Needed B．Mental Illness Treatment: A Global Challenge C．Happiness Measurement: Studies in Urban Parks D．Nature and Well-being: A New Tool for City Planners Passage 15 For people with Alzheimer’s or other forms of dementia (痴呆症), home can become a dangerous place. Simple acts like cooking can lead to fires, and the risk of falls increases significantly. As the number of dementia patients in the U.S. is projected to double by 2060, researchers are asking: What if homes were “smarter” and less deadly? Increasingly, AI is being used to improve safety for patients and reduce the crushing burden on caregivers. George Demiris, a researcher at the University of Pennsylvania, is leading projects like “Sense4Safety.” Unlike traditional cameras that might invade privacy, this system uses depth sensors to extract human shapes. It analyzes a person’s gait (步态) — measuring step length and speed — to predict fall risks. “Current care systems are unfortunately reactive; we wait for a fall to happen,” Demiris explains. “AI allows us to be proactive, intervening when it detects subtle changes in daily routines or movement patterns before an accident occurs.” While the technology shows tremendous promise, it also raises complex ethical concerns. Tiffani Bright, an expert in AI fairness, warns about data bias. If an AI model is trained on data that doesn’t reflect the diversity of the patient population, it could provide inaccurate advice for certain groups. Furthermore, there is the issue of access. “Research goes where the dollars go,” Bright notes. Ironically, those who need this technology the most-often in rural or lower-income areas — might be the last to access it, exacerbating the digital divide in healthcare. Moreover, experts emphasize that technology has limits. Regina Shih, an epidemiologist, argues that one cannot “app their way” out of hands-on care. “There is no way to replace the human interaction and empathy required in family caregiving,” she says. AI can monitor safety and provide peace of mind, but it cannot replace the human touch needed to help someone eat, bathe, or dress. Ultimately, smart homes represent a powerful tool, not a replacement. The challenge lies not just in developing the technology, but in ensuring it is used responsibly, justly as a complement to human compassion. 1．How does Sense4Safety improve safety according to the text? A．By offering medical help after accidents. B．By predicting possible dangers in advance. C．By controlling patients’ daily movements. D．By recording real-time behaviors with cameras. 2．What does the underlined word “exacerbating” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Bridging. B．Worsening. C．Identifying. D．Ignoring. 3．Why is AI unable to replace human care? A．It lacks necessary human warmth. B．It fails to ensure the safety of the elderly. C．It is far too expensive for most families. D．It causes potential risks to personal information. 4．Which of the following would the author probably agree with? A．AI benefits patients equally across the areas. B．AI should be used appropriately in care giving. C．AI is the final solution to health care problems. D．AI can independently deal with health care issues. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026届最新高考模拟三轮冲刺卷（广东专用） 阅读理解15篇（说明文） Passage 1 Ever notice how some days feel like you’re walking through life surrounded by an invisible force field? There may be random smiles exchanged with strangers, the brief chat with your local barista (咖啡师) who remembers your order, the knowing glance shared with another traveller when something amusing happens on the train. These microconnections might seem insignificant, but they’re actually the building blocks of our social universe. Microconnections refer to short, shared moments with strangers or acquaintances,ranging from a smile or a wave to a casual conversation. They happen everywhere. A coffee order, a bus wait, or a door hold — all count. Ever notice how one positive interaction in the morning can set off a chain reaction of pleasant encounters throughout your day? That’s what we call “social momentum”, and it’s about to get even more interesting. Such interactions matter greatly in modern society. Although social media keeps us digitally connected, loneliness is on the rise. People now have fewer chances to communicate face-to-face, as many daily tasks can be completed online. Worse still, deep social divisions reduce trust between individuals. Microconnections offer a simple way to fight the state of being separate. Microconnections contribute to the overall health and vitality (活力) of our social ecosystem. These small acts of kindness create a two-way benefit, making both speakers and listeners feel seen and valued. In a world that often feels increasingly disconnected, these small moments of genuine human connection aren’t just nice-they’re necessary. What’s more, talking with strangers exposes us to different ideas and perspectives. Unlike close friends, strangers often hold different opinions, allowing us to learn new things and become more open-minded. Over time, frequent microconnections improve trust and strengthen the sense of community. The good news is that anyone can practise microconnections. Like any language, the more you practice, the more natural you become in creating social situations. Your brain starts to recognize patterns, anticipate responses, and generate real connections with the ease of a native speaker. 1．What does the author try to illustrate about microconnections by mentioning “social momentum”? A．It goes with little notice. B．It is all-too-common. C．It is usually insignificant. D．It has positive returns. 2．Why are people suffering more from loneliness nowadays? A．They lack real-life contact. B．They are considered untrustworthy. C．They share too much online. D．They ignore community connections. 3．What is the benefit of microconnections according to paragraph 5? A．Bridging cultural differences. B．Forming a new community. C．Helping avoid limited viewpoints. D．Strengthening the independence. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How Microconnections Change Friendship B．Microconnections: Power in Social Life C．Microconnections: Product of the Digital Age D．Ways to Improve Communication Skills 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“微连接”这一概念，阐述了其在现代社会中对抗孤独、促进社会健康、拓宽视野等方面的重要价值。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Microconnections refer to short, shared moments with strangers or acquaintances, ranging from a smile or a wave to a casual conversation. They happen everywhere. A coffee order, a bus wait, or a door hold — all count. Ever notice how one positive interaction in the morning can set off a chain reaction of pleasant encounters throughout your day? That’s what we call “social momentum” (微连接指的是与陌生人或熟人分享的短暂时刻，从一个微笑、一个挥手到一次随意的交谈。这种事到处都有。点咖啡，等公共汽车，或者为他人开门。你是否注意到，早晨的一次积极互动如何能引发一整天的愉快邂逅的连锁反应?这就是我们所说的“社会动量”)”可知，作者通过提及“社会动量”来说明微连接会产生积极回报。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Although social media keeps us digitally connected, loneliness is on the rise. People now have fewer chances to communicate face-to-face, as many daily tasks can be completed online. (虽然社交媒体让我们在数字上保持联系，但孤独感却在上升。由于许多日常事务可以在网上完成，人们现在面对面交流的机会更少了)”可知，如今人们更孤独是因为他们缺乏现实生活中的接触。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“What’s more, talking with strangers exposes us to different ideas and perspectives. Unlike close friends, strangers often hold different opinions, allowing us to learn new things and become more open-minded. (更重要的是，与陌生人交谈让我们接触到不同的想法和视角。与亲密朋友不同，陌生人往往持有不同的观点，让我们学到新东西，变得更加开放)”可知，微连接的好处之一是让我们学到新东西，变得更加开放，帮助避免观点局限。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“These microconnections might seem insignificant, but they’re actually the building blocks of our social universe. (这些微连接看似微不足道，但它们实际上是我们社交世界的基石)”以及后文对微连接重要性、益处和可实践性的阐述可知，本文主要说明了微连接在社交生活中的力量。故B项“Microconnections: Power in Social Life (微连接：社交生活中的力量)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 2 What if we could fight farm weeds with a precise strike instead of blanket chemicals? This vision is now becoming a reality in the farmlands of China. The HG LaserWeederr, a new machine developed by Huagong Tech, marks a major breakthrough in precision agriculture by making targeted weed control a practical reality. This advancement responds directly to the persistent problems associated with traditional farming. Decades of heavy reliance on chemical herbicides (除草剂) have caused significant environmental harm, including soil degradation and water pollution. For China, a nation with vast agricultural lands, finding a sustainable solution is a matter of particular urgency. So, how does this “robot farmer” work? At its core, it combines artificial intelligence with advanced light technology. Its AI-powered visual system, trained on a vast database of plant images, acts as a smart “eye” that can distinguish weeds from crops in milliseconds. Once a weed is spotted, the robot delivers a precise laser beam (激光束) to each weed’s growth center, destroying key cells and causing the plant to die naturally, all without harming the surrounding crops or the soil. The advantages of this approach are substantial. In terms of efficiency, an advanced model equipped with 32 laser heads can destroy up to 320,000 weeds per hour, which is four to eight times more efficient than traditional methods. Through continuous operation, it achieves a weed control rate of over 95%, far outperforming hand weeding and obviating the need for this back-breaking task. Ecologically, it significantly reduces the use of chemicals, thereby cutting off a primary source of agricultural pollution. The introduction of this technology is part of a broader shift toward automated and sustainable agriculture in China and abroad. As farms worldwide seek to enhance efficiency while minimizing environmental impact, robotic solutions like the Hg LaserWeeder are likely to become increasingly common. This technology signals a move toward precision agriculture, where data-driven tools enable farmers to manage their crops with greater accuracy and less dependence on chemicals, pointing the way for a cleaner, more efficient future for farming. 1．What is the main factor behind the development of the Hg LaserWeeder? A．The shortage of clean water. B．The vast farmlands in China. C．The pollution from chemicals. D．The failing power of herbicides. 2．What is the main role of the visual system in the Hg LaserWeeder? A．To deliver laser beams. B．To protect nearby crops. C．To capture plant images. D．To identify target weeds. 3．What does the underlined word “obviating” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Facing. B．Removing. C．Sharing. D．Delaying. 4．What can we infer about future agriculture from the last paragraph? A．It will rely more on smart robotic tools. B．It will witness more global cooperation. C．It will prioritize environment over yields. D．It will improve the social status of farmers. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了华工科技研发的新型机器HG LaserWeeder，介绍了其研发背景、工作原理、优势以及该技术对国内外精准可持续农业发展的意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Decades of heavy reliance on chemical herbicides (除草剂) have caused significant environmental harm, including soil degradation and water pollution. For China, a nation with vast agricultural lands, finding a sustainable solution is a matter of particular urgency.(几十年来，对化学除草剂的严重依赖已经对环境造成了重大危害，包括土壤退化和水污染。对于中国这个农业大国来说，找到一个可持续的解决方案尤为紧迫。)”可知，HG LaserWeeder研发的主要因素是化学物质造成的污染。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Its AI-powered visual system, trained on a vast database of plant images, acts as a smart “eye” that can distinguish weeds from crops in milliseconds.(其人工智能视觉系统基于庞大的植物图像数据库进行训练，就像一只智能“眼睛”，能在毫秒内区分杂草和作物。)”可知，HG LaserWeeder视觉系统的主要作用是识别目标杂草。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Through continuous operation, it achieves a weed control rate of over 95%, far outperforming hand weeding and obviating the need for this back-breaking task.(经持续作业，其除草率超95%，效果远超人工除草，并且obviating了这项繁重劳作的需求。)” 可知，激光除草效率极高，不再需要人工除草，由此推断obviating 表示“消除、免去”，与Removing含义相近。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As farms worldwide seek to enhance efficiency while minimizing environmental impact, robotic solutions like the Hg LaserWeeder are likely to become increasingly common. This technology signals a move toward precision agriculture, where data-driven tools enable farmers to manage their crops with greater accuracy and less dependence on chemicals, pointing the way for a cleaner, more efficient future for farming.(随着全球农场寻求在提高效率的同时尽量减少对环境的影响，像Hg LaserWeeder这样的机器人解决方案可能会越来越普遍。这项技术标志着向精准农业的转变，数据驱动的工具使农民能够更精确地管理作物，减少对化学物质的依赖，为更清洁、更高效的农业未来指明了方向。)”可推知，未来的农业将更多地依赖智能机器人工具。 Passage 3 Many people believe that confidence comes from ability. In other words, if someone speaks with certainty, they must know what they are talking about. However, psychological research suggests that the opposite can also be true: individuals with limited ability may display surprisingly high levels of confidence while remaining largely unaware of their limitations. This phenomenon is known as the Dunning-Kruger effect. People with this cognitive (认知的) bias tend to believe they are far more capable than they really are. Because they know little about a subject, they often mistake their limited understanding for real competence and remain unaware of how much they do not know. This idea was first examined by psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger. In a series of experiments, participants were asked to complete tests involving grammar, logical reasoning, and humor. After finishing the tasks, they were asked to estimate how well they had performed. To the researchers’ surprise, participants who scored in the lowest group consistently rated their performance much higher than it actually was. For example, those in the bottom 12% often believed they had performed above average. In contrast, participants who achieved high scores tended to underestimate their performance. According to researchers, this pattern can be explained by a “dual burden.” The skills needed to perform a task well are also required to judge one’s own performance. When people lack these skills, they not only make more mistakes but also fail to assess their performance accurately. The Dunning-Kruger effect has important real-world consequences, as it discourages individuals from seeking feedback or further study. To overcome this, one must understand that true confidence is built on accurate self-awareness. It is developed through continuous learning, actively seeking constructive criticism, and, most crucially, by grounding self-assessment in measurable standards, such as test scores, recorded progress, or expert feedback, rather than merely relying on subjective feelings. This practice not only clarifies what one knows but also sharpens one’s ability to judge that knowledge. 1．According to paragraph 3, participants who scored lowest on the tests ________. A．overestimated their performance B．took more time to finish the tests C．doubted the reliability of the results D．focused more on others’ performance 2．Why does the author mention the term “dual burden”? A．To explain the underlying cause of overconfidence. B．To introduce a new method for psychological testing. C．To contrast the different burdens faced by participants. D．To emphasize the difficulty of performing complex tasks. 3．What does developing true confidence involve? A．Intense competition and high ambition. B．Powerful inspiration and active learning. C．Critical thinking and self-encouragement. D．Objective evaluation and honest reflection. 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．When Cognitive Bias Clouds Thinking B．Why Self-Awareness Can Shape Ability C．When Confidence Outruns Competence D．Why Overconfidence Can Be a Good Thing 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了邓宁-克鲁格效应，阐释能力不足者往往盲目高估自己、能力强者易低估自己的现象，分析其成因、现实影响，并说明培养真正自信的途径。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To the researchers’ surprise, participants who scored in the lowest group consistently rated their performance much higher than it actually was.(令研究人员惊讶的是，得分最低的参与者总是高估自己的实际表现。)”可知，测试得分最低的参与者会高估自身表现。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“According to researchers, this pattern can be explained by a “dual burden.” The skills needed to perform a task well are also required to judge one’s own performance. When people lack these skills, they not only make more mistakes but also fail to assess their performance accurately.(研究人员称，这种模式（能力不足者高估自身表现的）可以用“双重负担”来解释。)”可知，作者提到“双重负担”是为了解释过度自信的潜在原因。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“To overcome this, one must understand that true confidence is built on accurate self-awareness. It is developed through continuous learning, actively seeking constructive criticism, and, most crucially, by grounding self-assessment in measurable standards, such as test scores, recorded progress, or expert feedback, rather than merely relying on subjective feelings.(为了克服这一点，人们必须明白真正的自信是建立在准确的自我认知之上的。它是通过不断学习、积极寻求建设性批评，最重要的是，通过将自我评估建立在可衡量的标准上，如考试成绩、记录的进步或专家反馈，而不是仅仅依赖主观感受而发展起来的。)”可知，培养真正的自信需要客观评判与如实反思。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Many people believe that confidence comes from ability. In other words, if someone speaks with certainty, they must know what they are talking about. However, psychological research suggests that the opposite can also be true: individuals with limited ability may display surprisingly high levels of confidence while remaining largely unaware of their limitations. This phenomenon is known as the Dunning-Kruger effect.(许多人认为自信源于能力。换句话说，如果一个人说话很肯定，那么他们一定知道自己在说什么。然而，心理学研究表明，情况也可能恰恰相反：能力有限的人可能表现出惊人的自信，同时却未意识到自身局限。这种现象被称为邓宁-克鲁格效应。)”以及结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了邓宁-克鲁格效应，即能力有限的人可能表现出极高的自信，同时却未意识到自身局限，C项“当自信超过能力时”符合文章主旨，可以作为最佳标题。 Passage 4 In the early hours of March 13,1964,Kitty Genovese was attacked violently near her New York apartment despite neighbors hearing her screams. The case made headlines in The New York Times, which reported that 38 witnesses heard the attack but took no action. To figure out the reason, social psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latané conducted two classic experiments. Their first experiment showed that the more bystanders there were, the more an individual’s sense of responsibility diffused — 85% of participants helped in a one-on-one situation, while only 31%did so in a group of six. In their second smoke experiment, 75% of people alone sought help when smoke filled the room, but just 10% did so with passive bystanders around. They pointed out that the bystander effect mainly springs from people’s failure to interpret a situation as an emergency due to others’ inaction. The second reason for the bystander effect is that when multiple bystanders are present, each person feels less personal commitment to act, as they assume others (especially those with professional skills like doctors or police) will intervene.This phenomenon is more common in urban areas with many strangers, unlike in small communities where people feel a clear sense of responsibility to help others they know. Recent research has cast doubt on the universality of Darley and Latané’s classic bystander effect theory. Using real-world CCTV footage from three pairs of culturally diverse cities — Lancaster, Amsterdam, and Cape Town — Dr, Richard Philpot of Lancaster University and his team analyzed 212 violent incidents. Their findings showed that bystanders intervened in 91% of cases, and in direct contradiction to the original theory, the presence of more bystanders actually increased the likelihood of intervention, with multiple people often stepping in together. The consistent types of intervention across different cities suggest we are born with the wish to help others, driven by social conventions and a desire to understand, protect, and assist others. 1．What does the underlined word “diffused” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Weakened. B．Shifted. C．Continued. D．Increased. 2．The bystander effect occurs primarily because people _________. A．are unwilling to help strangers B．are influenced by urbanization C．are discouraged by professionals D．are unable to recognize an emergency 3．Which statement does Philpot probably agree with? A．Protecting others should be advocated. B．Bystander responses rely on intervention types. C．The tendency to help is rooted in human nature. D．Cultural differences lead to the bystander effect. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Cold Shoulder B．The Blind Eye C．A Willing Heart D．A Still Tongue 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍旁观者效应的经典理论与实验，以及最新研究对该理论的反驳，探讨人们面对突发事件时的旁观现象。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Their first experiment showed that the more bystanders there were, the more an individual’s sense of responsibility diffused — 85% of participants helped in a one-on-one situation, while only 31%did so in a group of six.(他们的第一个实验表明，旁观者越多，个人的责任感就越分散diffused——一对一情境下有85%的参与者会提供帮助，而六人小组中仅有31%的人会这样做。)”可知，旁观者数量增加，个人责任感随之降低，因此diffused意为“减弱、削弱”，与A项“Weakened”意思一致。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They pointed out that the bystander effect mainly springs from people’s failure to interpret a situation as an emergency due to others’ inaction.(他们指出，旁观者效应主要源于人们因他人的不作为而无法将当下情况判定为紧急事件。)”可知，旁观者效应出现的主要原因是人们无法识别出紧急情况。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The consistent types of intervention across different cities suggest we are born with the wish to help others, driven by social conventions and a desire to understand, protect, and assist others.(不同城市中一致的干预行为表明，我们天生就拥有帮助他人的意愿，这受社会习俗以及理解、保护和帮助他人的渴望所驱动。)”可知，菲尔波特认同帮助他人的倾向根植于人性之中。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Kitty Genovese was attacked violently near her New York apartment despite neighbors hearing her screams. The case made headlines in The New York Times, which reported that 38 witnesses heard the attack but took no action.(基蒂·吉诺维斯在纽约公寓附近遭到暴力袭击，尽管邻居们听到了她的尖叫。这起案件登上了《纽约时报》头条，报道称有38名目击者听到了袭击却没有采取任何行动。)”以及后文对旁观者效应的阐释，文章核心围绕人们面对紧急事件视而不见、不予干预的现象展开，因此“The Blind Eye(视而不见)”最适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 5 It’s been three decades since The Color Purple brought Alice Walker’s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel to life. The 1985 film earned 11 Academy Award nominations with its heart-breaking yet inspiring story of a young Black woman navigating the hardships of rural Georgia in the early 1900s. Since then, it’s generated two Broadway productions — and now, a brand-new movie. As a Black woman who saw the original film as a teenager, I feel a special connection with the story and how it shows Black women’s struggles, and critics say this new version adds another rich layer. It is more than simply a celebration to the original. It’s a musical adaptation with a different style, though according to award-winning filmmaker Dawn Porter, it’s still “a timeless story of love, friendship and power.” And it’s shaping up to be the next cultural phenomenon, with moviegoers heading to the theaters in big groups while dressed up in purple. But beyond pure marketing, purple holds a greater meaning here. It’s a symbol of power, ambition as well as creativity, independence and peace — things the movie’s main character, Celie, does not have due to years of abuse, family violence and racism. As Celie comes into her own, she starts to get the color’s meaning by “noticing” her worth, learning to love herself and gaining the strength to stand up to those who mistreat her. All that plays into people wearing purple to support the movie and embrace this theme of strength. And it’s very much a cultural moment, just like wearing pink to see Barbie (and black to see Oppenheimer, for that matter). It’s something a group can do together to have fun and also bond. However, while Barbie explores what it means to be a woman — and an individual, The Color Purple focuses on identity, independence and sisterhood. 1．What can we learn about the two versions of the movie? A．They basically share the same core. B．They are both musicals themed love. C．They generated many new creations. D．They are Pulitzer Prize awarded masterpieces. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．A popular cultural phenomenon. B．A market strategy the film applies. C．The symbolism of purple in Celie’s journey. D．The importance of the color purple in marketing the film. 3．Why does the author mention Barbie in the last paragraph? A．Barbie and The Color Purple are series movies. B．Barbie shares the same focus with Oppenheimer. C．The Color Purple explores things that Barbie doesn’t. D．Wearing pink to see Barbie is a similar cultural expression. 4．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To stress Black women’s identity. B．To introduce the prize-winning book. C．To promote the new version of the movie. D．To explore the deeper meaning of the color purple. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了电影《紫色》新旧版本的相关信息，包括其核心内容、紫色在电影中的象征意义以及与电影《芭比》的对比等。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’s a musical adaptation with a different style, though according to award-winning filmmaker Dawn Porter, it’s still “a timeless story of love, friendship and power.” (它不仅仅是对原作的致敬。这是一部风格不同的音乐改编作品，不过据获奖电影制作人道恩·波特说，它仍然是“一个关于爱、友谊和力量的永恒故事”。)”可知，两部电影基本有相同的内核。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“But beyond pure marketing, purple holds a greater meaning here. It’s a symbol of power, ambition as well as creativity, independence and peace — things the movie’s main character, Celie, does not have due to years of abuse, family violence and racism. As Celie comes into her own, she starts to get the color’s meaning by “noticing” her worth, learning to love herself and gaining the strength to stand up to those who mistreat her.(但除了纯粹的营销之外，紫色在这里还有更深的意义。它是力量、野心、创造力、独立和和平的象征——由于多年的虐待、家庭暴力和种族主义，电影的主角塞莉并不具备这些品质。当塞莉找回自我时，她开始通过“注意”自己的价值、学会爱自己、获得站起来对抗那些虐待她的人的力量，来理解这种颜色的含义。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了紫色在塞莉成长过程中的象征意义。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“All that plays into people wearing purple to support the movie and embrace this theme of strength. And it’s very much a cultural moment, just like wearing pink to see Barbie (and black to see Oppenheimer, for that matter). It’s something a group can do together to have fun and also bond.(这一切也让人们身着紫色服饰来支持这部影片，拥抱这份关于力量的主题。这俨然成为了一个文化时刻，就像人们穿粉色去看《芭比》、穿黑色去看《奥本海默》一样。这是一群人可以共同参与的趣事，也能拉近彼此的距离。)”可知，作者提到《芭比》是因为穿紫色看《紫色》和穿粉色看《芭比》是类似的文化表达。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中“And it’s shaping up to be the next cultural phenomenon, with moviegoers heading to the theaters in big groups while dressed up in purple.(它正在成为下一个文化现象，影迷们成群结队地穿着紫色衣服前往电影院。)”可知，文章主要介绍了电影《紫色》的新版本，包括其与旧版本的联系、紫色在电影中的象征意义以及与电影《芭比》的对比等，目的是为了推广这部新电影。故选C。 Passage 6 Autonomous vehicles face many risks as they set out on the road, and even the best robots struggled to make sense of complex environments as quickly as humans. Recently, researchers have taken inspiration from the human eye to develop a new artificial-vision system that is four times faster than current technology. Many robots use cameras and optical flow (光流) to perceive motion. Optical-flow algorithms (算法) use brightness changes between images to work out the robot’s motion and that of nearby objects. Optical-flow methods need, however, much calculation. Distinguishing different objects in a single image can take over 0.6 seconds. This can be costly. For an autonomous vehicle driving at motorway speeds, every half-second delay leads to around 12 metres of travel with outdated information. The efficiency of human vision benefits from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) (外侧膝状体) in the brain. The LGN receives and passes visual information, guiding the processing power to prioritize areas with significant changes in space or time, such as moving objects. Researchers sought to introduce an LGN-like layer into artificial vision systems. Traditional computer chips struggle to achieve high-speed processing due to the separation of processing and storage. Thus, they turned to so-called neuromorphic (神经形态的) hardware to solve that problem, and developed a novel piece of neuromorphic kit to imitate the LGN, which can quickly identify moving areas and guide optical-flow algorithms to focus on them. Tested in a variety of contexts, the new system operated at approximately four times the speed of existing optical-flow methods while maintaining or improving accuracy. Performance increases were particularly notable for autonomous driving, where the accuracy doubled. Yet the system still relies on conventional algorithms. Although it does well in prioritizing images, it can never avoid accuracy decrease for scenes with complex motion — a familiar impediment for optical flow. The researchers hope that their system will increase the variety and complexity of settings in which robotics can be applied and interactions between humans and life-like robots may soon occur in millions of homes. 1．What is the limitation of optical-flow algorithms according to paragraph 2? A．High expense in practical operation. B．Insufficient efficiency in real-life use. C．Occasional mistakes in complex calculation. D．Less flexibility in changing environments. 2．How did researchers improve the existing system? A．By adding visual information. B．By upgrading optical-flow algorithms. C．By separating processing from storage. D．By employing a new neuromorphic device. 3．How is the performance of the new system in tests? A．It shines in both speed and accuracy. B．It works poorly in autonomous driving. C．It fully covers human-robot interactions. D．It totally abandons traditional algorithms. 4．What does the underlined word “impediment ” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Risk. B．Strength. C．Barrier. D．Purpose. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】文章主要讲述了研究人员受人类眼睛启发开发出更高效的人工视觉系统。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Optical-flow methods need, however, much calculation. Distinguishing different objects in a single image can take over 0.6 seconds. This can be costly. For an autonomous vehicle driving at motorway speeds, every half-second delay leads to around 12 metres of travel with outdated information.(然而，光流方法需要大量的计算。在单个图像中区分不同的物体可能需要0.6秒以上。这可能会付出高昂的代价。对于以高速公路速度行驶的自动驾驶汽车来说，每半秒的延迟都会导致以过时信息行驶约12米。)”可知，光流算法在实际应用中的效率不足。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thus, they turned to so-called neuromorphic (神经形态的) hardware to solve that problem, and developed a novel piece of neuromorphic kit to imitate the LGN, which can quickly identify moving areas and guide optical-flow algorithms to focus on them.(因此，他们求助于所谓的神经形态硬件来解决这个问题，并开发了一种新型的神经形态工具包来模拟LGN，它可以快速识别移动区域并引导光流算法聚焦于这些区域。)”可知，研究人员通过采用一种新的神经形态设备来改进现有系统。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Tested in a variety of contexts, the new system operated at approximately four times the speed of existing optical-flow methods while maintaining or improving accuracy. Performance increases were particularly notable for autonomous driving, where the accuracy doubled.(在各种环境下进行测试，新系统的运行速度大约是现有光流方法的四倍，同时保持或提高了准确性。对于自动驾驶来说，性能提升尤为显著，准确率提高了一倍。)”可知，新系统在测试中在速度和准确性方面表现出色。 4．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Yet the system still relies on conventional algorithms. Although it does well in prioritizing images, it can never avoid accuracy decrease for scenes with complex motion — a familiar impediment for optical flow.(然而，该系统仍然依赖于传统算法。尽管它在图像优先级排序方面做得很好，但对于具有复杂运动的场景，它永远无法避免准确性的下降——这是光流的一个熟悉的____。)”可知，该系统仍然依赖于传统算法，对于具有复杂运动的场景，它永远无法避免准确性的下降，这是光流的一个熟悉的“障碍”。所以impediment意为“障碍”，与barrier意思相近。 Passage 7 If those crucial nineteen minutes of “system maintenance” is taken from the brain every night, it may fail to complete its repair work. Over time, white noise, once considered a helpful sleep aid, may in fact damage the brain. The debate over “noise-assisted sleep” has lasted for years. Researchers at the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research once pointed out that even when we are asleep, our ears never stop working. Joëlle Adrien explained that all sounds are captured by the auditory nerve and sent to the brain. A meaningless background noise may not wake you, yet a baby's cry can instantly awaken a mother. This shows that the brain continues to filter information and consume energy during sleep. For a long time, white noise was seen as a practical solution. Compared to “white light,” it contains a wide range of sound frequencies and is believed to mask sudden noises such as traffic or slamming doors. Under this logic, white noise was regarded as a lesser problem used to fight a greater one. Some studies even suggested that gentle sounds could reduce anxiety and slow the heart rate, which led to the growing popularity of sleep-aid apps. However, more experts are now questioning this idea. Pierre Philip from Bordeaux University Hospital argues that using one noise to cover another is only a false solution. Across Europe, millions of people are exposed to nighttime noise levels that exceed the limit recommended by the World Health Organization. Long-term exposure not only disrupts sleep but also increases the risk of high blood pressure and heart disease. In fact, human evolution has never equipped us with the ability to block out continuous background noise. This approach may help people fall asleep in the short term, but at a deeper level of sleep structure, it may break the most valuable time for the brain’s self-repair. 1．What did the researchers point out about the brain while sleeping? A．It ignores all meaningless noises. B．It continues to process sounds. C．It only reacts to sudden noises. D．It stops working until wake-up. 2．Why was white noise once regarded as beneficial? A．It covers abrupt noise with steady sound. B．It removes environmental noise entirely. C．It enhances auditory sensitivity at night. D．It creates a perfectly silent setting. 3．What can be inferred from Pierre Philip’s statement? A．White noise is a reliable long-term solution. B．Noise pollution is no longer a health concern. C．Masking noise does not solve the key problem. D．The brain can easily adapt to continuous sound. 4．What is a consequence of using noise to assist sleep according to the last paragraph? A．It helps the brain adjust better to environmental noise. B．It may interfere with the brain's essential self-repair. C．It eliminates the need for natural sleep cycles. D．It significantly improves sleep efficiency. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文介绍白噪音曾被认为有助睡眠，但最新研究表明，长期使用白噪音助眠会让大脑在睡眠中持续处理声音、消耗能量，进而干扰大脑关键的自我修复过程，危害健康。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Joëlle Adrien explained that all sounds are captured by the auditory nerve and sent to the brain. This shows that the brain continues to filter information and consume energy during sleep.(Joëlle Adrien解释说，所有声音都被听觉神经捕捉并传送到大脑。这表明大脑在睡眠期间继续过滤信息并消耗能量)”可知，研究人员指出大脑在睡眠时继续处理声音。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Compared to “white light,” it contains a wide range of sound frequencies and is believed to mask sudden noises such as traffic or slamming doors.(与“白光”相比，它包含广泛的声音频率，被认为可以掩盖交通或砰砰关门等突然的噪音)”可知，白噪音曾被认为有益是因为它用稳定的声音掩盖了突发的噪音。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Pierre Philip from Bordeaux University Hospital argues that using one noise to cover another is only a false solution.(波尔多大学医院的Pierre Philip认为，用一个噪音掩盖另一个噪音只是一个错误的解决方案)”可知，Pierre Philip认为掩盖噪音并不能解决关键问题。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This approach may help people fall asleep in the short term, but at a deeper level of sleep structure, it may break the most valuable time for the brain’s self-repair.(这种方法可能在短期内帮助人们入睡，但在更深层次的睡眠结构中，它可能会破坏大脑自我修复的最宝贵时间)”可知，使用噪音助眠可能会干扰大脑必要的自我修复。 Passage 8 In an episode of Friends, actor Joey is asked to host a charity show. “A little good deed... plus some TV exposure, now that’s the kind of math Joey likes to do!” he exclaims, while his friend Phoebe calls it “totally selfish”. This scene captures a common human tendency: our suspicion of do-gooders, especially when they might benefit from their actions. This instinct is explored in a recent paper on “do-gooder derogation (行善者贬损)”. Research shows that we often look for someone’s hidden motive, and once found, we may judge them even more harshly than those who act with obvious self-interest. For instance, in a classic experiment called the public goods game, participants who contributed the most money to a shared pool were often criticized just as badly by other players as those who contributed nothing at all. Psychologist Nichola argues that we are all playing a “status game”, suspicious of anyone who might be faking virtue to boost their own standing. Studies confirm this, revealing a phenomenon known as the “tainted altruism effect” (被玷污的利他效应). Imagine your friend Andy volunteers at a homeless shelter. You later discover he is only doing so to get a date with the manager. Studies suggest we view Andy more negatively than someone who took a job at a coffee shop for the same romantic motive. We are more judgemental of the person hiding self-interest behind a charitable act. Hafenbrädl, a researcher at the University of Navarra, suggests this judgment stems from a calculation weighing the social rewards someone gets against the cost of their deed. In one experiment, a resort owner who spent $100,000 cleaning local beaches was considered less moral when he used the act to advertise his business than when he kept it quiet. Interestingly, Hafenbrädl found that people who donated blood or gave to charity for their own sense of self-satisfaction were considered more moral than those seeking to enhance their reputation. Perhaps Joey is right: pure altruism may not exist. But personally, I am happy to forgive the “warm glow” that comes from helping others, if it means there is a little more kindness in the world. 1．What does the “tainted altruism effect” refer to? A．Judging generous people positively. B．Valuing ordinary jobs over volunteering. C．Rewarding those who seek social recognition. D．Criticizing charitable acts with hidden motives. 2．What can be learned from Hafenbrädl’s experiment? A．Publicity lowers moral credit. B．Cost alone decides moral worth. C．Actions matter more than motives. D．People undervalue environmental acts. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the “warm glow” of helping others? A．Tolerant. B．Skeptical. C．Indifferent. D．Critical. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Disappearance of Pure Altruism B．The Hidden Cost of Being Kind to Others C．Why Are We Suspicious of Do-gooders? D．How to Perform Truly Selfless Good Deeds? 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】这篇文章主要探讨了人们对行善者的怀疑态度，即“行善者贬损”现象，分析了这一现象产生的原因，并通过相关实验进行验证，最后作者表达了自己对帮助他人所带来的“温暖光芒”的宽容态度。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Studies confirm this, revealing a phenomenon known as the “tainted altruism effect” (被玷污的利他效应). Imagine your friend Andy volunteers at a homeless shelter. You later discover he is only doing so to get a date with the manager. Studies suggest we view Andy more negatively than someone who took a job at a coffee shop for the same romantic motive. We are more judgmental of the person hiding self-interest behind a charitable act(研究证实了这一点，揭示了一种被称为“被玷污的利他效应”的现象。想象一下，你的朋友安迪在一家无家可归者收容所做志愿者。你后来发现他这样做只是为了和管理人员约会。研究表明，与出于同样浪漫动机在咖啡店工作的人相比，我们对安迪的看法更消极。我们对在慈善行为背后隐藏私利的人更严厉地批评)”可知，“被玷污的利他效应”指的是批评有隐藏动机的慈善行为。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“In one experiment, a resort owner who spent $100,000 cleaning local beaches was considered less moral when he used the act to advertise his business than when he kept it quiet.(在一项实验中，一位花费10万美元清理当地海滩的度假村老板，当他用这一行为来宣传自己的生意时，比他不声张时被认为更不道德)”可知，度假村老板宣传自己的生意，导致被认为不道德，可推理出从Hafenbrädl的实验中可以得知宣传会降低道德信誉。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But personally, I am happy to forgive the “warm glow” that comes from helping others, if it means there is a little more kindness in the world(但就我个人而言，如果这意味着世界上多一点善良，我很乐意原谅帮助他人所带来的“温暖光芒”)”可知，作者乐意原谅帮助他人所带来的“温暖光芒”，可推理出作者对帮助他人所带来的“温暖光芒”持宽容态度。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“This scene captures a common human tendency: our suspicion of do-gooders, especially when they might benefit from their actions.(这一场景捕捉到了人类的一种常见倾向：我们对行善者的怀疑，尤其是当他们可能从自己的行为中受益时)”、第三段“Studies confirm this, revealing a phenomenon known as the “tainted altruism effect” (被玷污的利他效应). Imagine your friend Andy volunteers at a homeless shelter. You later discover he is only doing so to get a date with the manager. Studies suggest we view Andy more negatively than someone who took a job at a coffee shop for the same romantic motive. We are more judgmental of the person hiding self-interest behind a charitable act(研究证实了这一点，揭示了一种被称为“被玷污的利他效应”的现象。想象一下，你的朋友安迪在一家无家可归者收容所做志愿者。你后来发现他这样做只是为了和管理人员约会。研究表明，与出于同样浪漫动机在咖啡店工作的人相比，我们对安迪的看法更消极。我们对在慈善行为背后隐藏私利的人有更为苛刻的评价)”以及最后一段“But personally, I am happy to forgive the “warm glow” that comes from helping others, if it means there is a little more kindness in the world(但就我个人而言，如果这意味着世界上多一点善良，我很乐意原谅帮助他人所带来的“温暖光芒”)”可知，文章主要探讨了人们对行善者的怀疑态度，即“行善者贬损”现象，分析了这一现象产生的原因，并通过相关实验进行验证。所以C项“Why Are We Suspicious of Do-gooders?(为什么我们对行善者持怀疑态度？)”是本文最佳标题。 Passage 9 When it comes to wildlife protection, humans have found an unlikely but powerful helper: sniffer dogs. These four-legged helpers are using their extraordinary sense of smell to track endangered species, detect illegal wildlife products and stop illegal hunters in their tracks. A sniffer dog’s nose is its greatest tool. While humans have about 5 million smell receptors, dogs have up to 300 million, making them capable of detecting scents at concentrations as low as one part per trillion. For wildlife protection, this means they can pick up the smell of animal droppings, known as scat, from miles away. By analyzing these samples, scientists can learn about the species’ population, health and movement patterns without disturbing the animals themselves. One of the most famous examples is the work of conservation dogs in Africa. In countries like Kenya, dogs are trained to find the scat of endangered animals such as African wild dogs and cheetahs. This information helps conservationists map the animals’ habitats and create effective protection plans. Beyond tracking scat, dogs are also trained to sniff out illegal wildlife products like ivory, rhino horn, and wild animal meat at borders and checkpoints. In some cases, they have even been able to find hidden hunting tools before illegal hunters can carry out their harmful activities. However, training a conservation dog is not an easy task. It takes months of careful training to teach a dog to focus on specific scents and ignore distractions like other animals or food. Trainers use positive reinforcement, rewarding dogs with treats and praise when they make a correct identification. Once trained, these dogs can work for up to 8 years, providing reliable service to wildlife protection efforts. These dogs are more than just tools — they are heroes of the wild. With their help, we are one step closer to preserving the planet’s biodiversity and ensuring that endangered species survive for generations to come. 1．What is the main advantage of sniffer dogs in wildlife protection? A．Their long service life. B．Their obvious trainability. C．Their exceptional sense of smell. D．Their ability to work independently in complex environments. 2．Why do conservationists collect animal scat? A．To make a profit from it. B．To study the species’ condition. C．To distract illegal hunters. D．To train sniffer dogs. 3．What does the underlined word “reinforcement” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Support. B．Control. C．Observation. D．Competition. 4．What can we infer from the passage about conservation dogs? A．They can work independently without trainers. B．Their training relies on positive reinforcement. C．They are only used in African countries. D．They can detect what humans are unable to perceive. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍嗅探犬凭借敏锐的嗅觉成为野生动物保护的得力助手，阐述其工作内容、训练方式及保护意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“These four-legged helpers are using their extraordinary sense of smell to track endangered species, detect illegal wildlife products and stop illegal hunters in their tracks.(这些四条腿的助手正利用它们非凡的嗅觉追踪濒危物种、查获非法野生动物制品，并当场阻止非法猎人。)”可知，嗅探犬在野生动物保护中的主要优势是它们出众的嗅觉。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“By analyzing these samples, scientists can learn about the species’ population, health and movement patterns without disturbing the animals themselves.(通过分析这些样本，科学家可以了解该物种的数量、健康状况和活动模式，而不会惊扰动物本身。)”可知，自然环境保护者收集动物粪便是为了研究物种的生存状况。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Trainers use positive reinforcement, rewarding dogs with treats and praise when they make a correct identification.(训练者使用积极的reinforcement，当狗狗做出正确识别时，用零食和表扬奖励它们。)”可知，用零食和表扬奖励做出正确识别的狗狗，是一种正向的支持与激励手段，因此画线词“reinforcement”意为“支持、强化”。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“While humans have about 5 million smell receptors, dogs have up to 300 million, making them capable of detecting scents at concentrations as low as one part per trillion.(人类大约有500万个嗅觉感受器，而狗有多达3亿个，这使它们能够探测到低至万亿分之一浓度的气味。)”可知，嗅探犬能感知到人类无法察觉的气味，由此可推出它们能发现人类无法察觉的事物。故选D项。 Passage 10 Ever feel like there’s never enough time these days? Chased by deadlines and bombarded with social media content, we feel that each day is packed. However, when we stop to think about our day before going to bed, we can’t quite explain what we actually did, and might even feel a bit empty. The idea of “time poverty” is not new. First introduced in 1977, it has attracted much attention over the decades, according to Forbes. Cassie Holmes, a US social psychologist, tracked the time data of tens of thousands of people and found that when people have less than two hours of free time each day, their life satisfaction drops. They may even start to experience feelings such as anxiety and burnout. We live in a world that values productivity. People are expected to be efficient, take on different roles and deal with many tasks. This can lead to a lack of personal time. Not only does this hurt people’s well-being, but it can also lead to a crisis in social relationships. A University of Chicago study found that over the past decade, people’s participation in community activities had dropped by 58 percent, and the chance of neighbors knowing each other had fallen from 75 percent in the 1980s to only 22 percent in 2022. Despite these facts, it is worth noting that more free time does not necessarily mean greater happiness. Holmes pointed out that when people have over five hours of free time a day, they may start to feel a loss of purpose and achievement. Those who have two to five hours of free time each day report the highest levels of happiness and satisfaction. Time is a resource that is equally shared among all people. The key lies not in how much time we have, but in how we use it. If you ever feel short on time, try making small changes to find some “me time”. Exercising or volunteering can help you make the most of your time and give you a sense of achievement. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By sharing a personal story. B．By explaining the meaning of a term. C．By showing how people waste their time. D．By describing a common daily experience. 2．Why does the author mention the University of Chicago study in Paragraph 3? A．To illustrate the serious social consequences of time poverty. B．To prove the positive impact of community activities on time management. C．To criticize the decline in neighborly relationships in modern society. D．To support the idea that people today have less free time than before. 3．What does Cassie Holmes’ research say about free time and happiness? A．Five hours of free time results in burnout. B．More free time always leads to greater happiness. C．Two to five hours of free time brings the best results. D．Less than two hours of free time leads to aimlessness. 4．What does the author advise people to do in the last paragraph? A．To center on improving efficiency. B．To spend free time in a more meaningful way. C．To follow a tight schedule without making changes. D．To strategically reduce workload and social engagements. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了时间匮乏现象、影响及合理利用空闲时间的建议。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ever feel like there’s never enough time these days? Chased by deadlines and bombarded with social media content, we feel that each day is packed. However, when we stop to think about our day before going to bed, we can’t quite explain what we actually did, and might even feel a bit empty. (有没有觉得现在的时间总是不够用？被截止日期追赶，被社交媒体内容轰炸，我们觉得每一天都很充实。然而，当我们在睡觉前停下来思考我们的一天时，我们无法确切解释我们到底做了什么，甚至可能会感到有点空虚。)”可知，作者通过描述一种常见的日常经历来引入文本主题。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“This can lead to a lack of personal time. Not only does this hurt people’s well-being, but it can also lead to a crisis in social relationships. A University of Chicago study found that over the past decade, people’s participation in community activities had dropped by 58 percent, and the chance of neighbors knowing each other had fallen from 75 percent in the 1980s to only 22 percent in 2022. (这会导致个人时间匮乏。这不仅损害人们的身心健康，还会引发社交关系危机。芝加哥大学的一项研究发现，在过去的十年里，人们参与社区活动的比例下降了58%，邻居之间相识的机会从20世纪80年代的75%下降到2022年的22%。)”可知，作者提到芝加哥大学的研究是为了说明时间匮乏的严重社会后果。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Holmes pointed out that when people have over five hours of free time a day, they may start to feel a loss of purpose and achievement. Those who have two to five hours of free time each day report the highest levels of happiness and satisfaction. (霍姆斯指出，当人们每天有超过5个小时的空闲时间时，他们可能会开始感到失去目标和成就感。那些每天有2到5个小时空闲时间的人报告的幸福感和满意度最高。)”可知，卡西·霍姆斯的研究表明，两到五个小时的空闲时间能带来最好的结果。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The key lies not in how much time we have, but in how we use it. If you ever feel short on time, try making small changes to find some “me time”. Exercising or volunteering can help you make the most of your time and give you a sense of achievement. (关键不在于我们有多少时间，而在于我们如何利用它。如果你总觉得时间不够用，试着做些小改变，找点属于自己的时间。锻炼或做志愿者可以帮助你充分利用时间，给你成就感。)”可知，作者建议人们以更有意义的方式度过空闲时间。故选B。 Passage 11 We live in a time of growing anxiety and fear. As AI becomes more capable and widespread in daily routines, anxieties surrounding it are likely to intensify. As with any form of anxiety, it’s important to acknowledge your feelings and take steps to avoid becoming overwhelmed. Psychologists suggest several specific strategies for managing anxiety about generative AI. These include trying out AI tools to figure out how and where they can be useful, taking breaks from technology to restore and recharge, building new skills, and pursuing activities that activate human creativity and imagination. I would like to expand on the third strategy — building new skills. In a recent research study, my colleagues and I investigated the skills that are required to succeed in the future of work. We reviewed six research studies from around the world and created a skill list of the future work skills. We identified skills that were most frequently identified as key for the future of work: collaboration, communication, creativity and innovation, critical thinking, cross-cultural ability, decision-making and judgment, learning / willingness to learn, problem-solving and social intelligence / perceptiveness. Importantly, all these skills are “human” skills, meaning not digital or technological. In this context, perhaps one of the most effective responses to anxiety about AI is focusing on developing our own human capacities. Researchers argue that the disruptive potential of AI in the workplace involves one of three channels: replacing aspects of human work; complementing (补充) or enhancing human workers and their skills; and creating new tasks for workers. Of these, the second — complementing or enhancing human workers — might be the best path forward. Rather than being viewed only as a threat, generative AI can be seen as a tool that enhances human abilities. Exploring how our own cognitive (认知的) and creative capacities could be enhanced through “collaborative intelligence” with generative AI, might be a useful antidote to being anxious about it. Such cooperation can also help us rethink our relationship with work and find a stronger sense of purpose in a fast-changing world. 1．What did the author’s recent research focus on? A．AI’s future development. B．Practical workplace skills. C．AI’s negative effects on humans. D．Proper ways to apply AI. 2．What is the second channel mainly about according to paragraph 6? A．Creating new job opportunities. B．Ensuring the safety of working conditions. C．Preventing human jobs from being taken over by AI. D．Improving humans themselves by making use of AI. 3．What does the underlined word “antidote” in the last paragraph mean? A．Solution. B．Consequence. C．Principle. D．Reference. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To analyze AI’s rapid development. B．To illustrate people’s anxiety over AI. C．To offer people advice to meet AI challenges. D．To inform people of the threats presented by AI. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章围绕如何应对人工智能引发的焦虑展开，重点介绍了培养未来职场所需的人类核心技能，并提出可借助人工智能赋能自身能力、开展人机协作，以此从容应对人工智能带来的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In a recent research study, my colleagues and I investigated the skills that are required to succeed in the future of work.(在最近的一项研究中，我和同事们研究了未来职场取得成功所需的技能)”可知，作者近期的研究聚焦于实用的职场技能。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Of these, the second — complementing or enhancing human workers — might be the best path forward. Rather than being viewed only as a threat, generative AI can be seen as a tool that enhances human abilities (在这些途径中，第二种——即补充或增强人类工作者——或许是最佳的前进方向。生成式人工智能不应仅被视作一种威胁，更可以被视为一种提升人类能力的工具)”可知，人工智能影响职场的第二种途径是利用人工智能提升人类自身能力。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Exploring how our own cognitive (认知的) and creative capacities could be enhanced through “collaborative intelligence” with generative AI(探索我们如何借助与生成式人工智能的“协作智能”，来提升自身的认知与创造能力)”以及下文“Such cooperation can also help us rethink our relationship with work and find a stronger sense of purpose in a fast-changing world(这种合作还能帮助我们重新审视自身与工作的关系，并在瞬息万变的世界中寻得更强烈的使命感)”可知，此处说的是人类应对人工智能带来的挑战的解决办法，可推知，antidote 在此处表示“解决办法”，与solution含义一致。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“We live in a time of growing anxiety and fear. As AI becomes more capable and widespread in daily routines, anxieties surrounding it are likely to intensify. As with any form of anxiety, it’s important to acknowledge your feelings and take steps to avoid becoming overwhelmed(我们身处一个焦虑与恐惧日益加剧的时代。随着人工智能在日常生活中愈发智能且普及，围绕它产生的焦虑很可能会持续加剧。正如应对所有形式的焦虑一样，正视自己的感受，并采取措施避免被其彻底裹挟，至关重要)”、倒数第二段“Of these, the second — complementing or enhancing human workers — might be the best path forward. Rather than being viewed only as a threat, generative AI can be seen as a tool that enhances human abilities (在这些途径中，第二种——即补充或增强人类工作者——或许是最佳的前进方向。生成式人工智能不应仅被视作一种威胁，更可以被视为一种提升人类能力的工具)”以及最后一段“Such cooperation can also help us rethink our relationship with work and find a stronger sense of purpose in a fast-changing world(这种合作还能帮助我们重新审视自身与工作的关系，并在瞬息万变的世界中寻得更强烈的使命感)”可知，文章开篇提出人们普遍存在人工智能焦虑，接着介绍了缓解焦虑的多种方法，重点阐述培养人类核心技能、借助人机协作发挥人工智能的辅助作用等方式，由此可知，作者写作本文的目的是为人们提供建议，帮助大家应对人工智能带来的挑战。故选C项。 Passage 12 For decades, scientists have monitored only a narrow range of chemical pollutants in the environment. Yet the modern world contains thousands of industrial compounds, from industrial coatings to household cleaners, and most have never been systematically tested for safety. To discover what else might be hidden in nature, researchers are turning to some unexpected assistants: sea lions, condors (加州秃鹰), alligators (短吻鳄) and other animals. These creatures act as “sentinel species,” meaning they can offer insight into the invisible chemistry of their surroundings. Because they live long lives and occupy the top of food webs, pollutants tend to build up in their tissues. By studying their blood, feathers, or organs, scientists can detect not only familiar pollutants such as PCBs and flame retardants but also entirely new chemical families that had previously gone unnoticed. A technique known as non-targeted analysis allows researchers to search for all chemical compounds within an animal sample rather than searching for one pollutant at a time. Using this open-ended method, teams have identified hundreds of chemicals in wild animals — many came from industrial products, plastics, and household cleaners. Each finding helps map how modern pollutants travel through air, water, and food chains. In California, condors that feed on marine carcasses carry signs of chemicals transported from the ocean. Alligators in Florida reveal pollutants leaking from factories and wastewater systems. These results serve as a warning: pollution is not limited to cities or industrial zones but spreads across ecosystems and species, including humans. Scientists argue that this broader approach could reshape how environmental monitoring is done. Rather than reacting to one chemical crisis after another, researchers can now build a comprehensive picture of ecological health. As one biologist said, “When wildlife tells us something is wrong, it’s not just about them — it’s about the planet we share.” The message is both scientific and moral: protecting nature’s warning species means protecting ourselves. 1．What does the underlined phrase “sentinel species” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Pollutant indicators. B．Waste collectors. C．Chemical producers. D．Household cleaners. 2．Why does the author mention condors and alligators in paragraph 4? A．To compare their dietary patterns in the wild. B．To prove harmful substances differ in various regions. C．To explain the link between diet and chemical exposure. D．To emphasize pollutants can travel through varied habitats. 3．What can be inferred about the broader approach in the last paragraph? A．It helps resolve environmental crises effectively. B．It replaces the existing pollution monitoring methods. C．It provides an integrated view of environmental problems. D．It judges wildlife’s living conditions through human behavior. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How Humans Protect the Warning Species B．How Animals Accumulate Industrial Pollutants C．How Humans Benefit from Wildlife Monitoring D．How Animals Help Scientists Track Down Pollutants 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了动物如何帮助科学家追踪污染物及相关情况。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“These creatures act as “sentinel species,” meaning they can offer insight into the invisible chemistry of their surroundings. Because they live long lives and occupy the top of food webs, pollutants tend to build up in their tissues. By studying their blood, feathers, or organs, scientists can detect not only familiar pollutants such as PCBs and flame retardants but also entirely new chemical families that had previously gone unnoticed.(这些生物充当“sentinel species”，它们能帮助人类了解周遭环境中肉眼无法察觉的化学物质状况。由于这类生物寿命较长，且处于食物链顶端，污染物容易在它们的体内组织中不断累积。通过研究它们的血液、羽毛或器官，科学家不仅能检测出多氯联苯、阻燃剂等常见污染物，还能发现以往从未被留意到的全新化学物质类别。)”可知，这些生物能指示污染物，sentinel species指的是“能指示污染物的物种”，即“污染物指示者”。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“In California, condors that feed on marine carcasses carry signs of chemicals transported from the ocean. Alligators in Florida reveal pollutants leaking from factories and wastewater systems.(在加利福尼亚州，以海洋动物尸体为食的加州秃鹰携带着从海洋中运输过来的化学物质的迹象。佛罗里达州的短吻鳄揭示了工厂和废水系统泄漏的污染物。)”可知，作者提到加州秃鹰和短吻鳄是为了强调污染物可以通过不同的栖息地传播。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Scientists argue that this broader approach could reshape how environmental monitoring is done. Rather than reacting to one chemical crisis after another, researchers can now build a comprehensive picture of ecological health.(科学家们认为，这种更广泛的方法可能会重塑环境监测的方式。研究人员现在可以构建一个全面的生态健康图景，而不是对一个又一个的化学危机做出反应。)”可推知，这种更广泛的方法为环境问题提供了一个综合的视角。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“To discover what else might be hidden in nature, researchers are turning to some unexpected assistants: sea lions, condors (加州秃鹰), alligators (短吻鳄) and other animals.(为了发现自然界中还隐藏着什么，研究人员求助于一些意想不到的助手：海狮、加州秃鹰、短吻鳄和其他动物。)”可知，本文主要讲述了动物如何帮助科学家追踪污染物，所以D项“How Animals Help Scientists Track Down Pollutants(动物如何帮助科学家追踪污染物)”适合作为本文标题。故选D。 Passage 13 To achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality (碳达峰与碳中和), scientists worldwide are seeking efficient ways to turn carbon dioxide (CO₂) into useful resources. In November 2025, a research team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences released a breakthrough: an artificial photosynthesis (光合作用) system that can fix CO₂ with record-high efficiency, bringing new possibilities for low-carbon development. Traditional industrial carbon capture technologies usually have high energy consumption and low conversion rates, and most can only store CO₂ underground without reusing it. The new system, however, imitates the natural photosynthesis of green plants. It uses a low-cost catalyst (催化剂) to turn CO₂ and water into organic matter and oxygen under sunlight, with almost no extra energy input. Lab tests showed that its CO₂ conversion efficiency is 8 times higher than that of natural plant photosynthesis, setting a new global record. Different from previous lab-level technologies that can only work in strict experimental environments, this new system is highly adaptable. It can work normally under normal temperature and pressure, and even perform well in weak sunlight on cloudy days. The research leader, Professor Wang Wei, said the system is also highly scalable: it can be made into small devices for office buildings, or expanded into large-scale systems for factories to process exhaust gas. At present, the team has signed cooperation agreements with 3 domestic new energy enterprises to promote the industrialization of the technology. “This technology is not just a lab achievement. It can directly serve China’s dual carbon goals, and help more industries realize low-carbon transformation,” Professor Wang said in an interview. “We hope this system can become a practical tool to turn ‘carbon emission’ into ‘carbon resource’ in the near future.” 1．What is the core advantage of the new system? A．It has a much lower cost B．It needs no extra energy input C．It sets a new global safety record D．It has far higher CO₂ conversion efficiency 2．What does the underlined word “scalable” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Safe to use B．Easy to expand C．Simple to produce D．Quick to promote 3．What can we learn about the new system? A．It only works in strong sunlight B．It has been put into mass production C．It imitates natural plant photosynthesis D．It can only work in strict experimental environments 4．What can we infer from Professor Wang’s words? A．The technology will face many unknown challenges B．The system will help promote low-carbon development C．The team will cooperate with foreign enterprises soon D．The technology will replace all traditional carbon capture methods 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了中科院团队研发的新型人工光合作用系统。该系统模仿植物光合作用，利用低成本催化剂将二氧化碳转化为资源，不仅转化效率创世界纪录，还适应常温常压等复杂环境，具有巨大的工业应用前景，服务于国家双碳目标。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Lab tests showed that its CO₂ conversion efficiency is 8 times higher than that of natural plant photosynthesis, setting a new global record.( 实验室测试表明，其二氧化碳转化效率是自然植物光合作用的 8 倍，创下了新的全球纪录。)”可知，新系统的核心优势是它的二氧化碳转化效率要高得多。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文的完整解释句“it can be made into small devices for office buildings, or expanded into large-scale systems for factories to process exhaust gas(它可以被制成小型设备用于办公楼，或者扩展成大规模系统用于工厂来处理废气。)”可知，该系统可根据使用场景灵活调整规模，既可以小型化，也可以大型化，因此“scalable”的核心含义为“可扩展的、易扩容的”，B选项“Easy to expand(易于扩展)”为原文释义的同义替换。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The new system, however, imitates the natural photosynthesis of green plants. It uses a low-cost catalyst (催化剂) to turn CO₂ and water into organic matter and oxygen under sunlight, with almost no extra energy input.( 然而，这种新系统模仿了绿色植物的自然光合作用。它利用一种低成本的催化剂，在阳光下将二氧化碳和水转化为有机物和氧气，几乎不需要额外的能量输入。)”可知，关于这个新系统，我们可以了解到它模仿了自然植物的光合作用。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It can directly serve China’s dual carbon goals, and help more industries realize low-carbon transformation,” Professor Wang said in an interview. “We hope this system can become a practical tool to turn ‘carbon emission’ into ‘carbon resource’ in the near future.”(它可以直接服务于中国的双碳目标，并帮助更多行业实现低碳转型，”王教授在一次采访中说道。“我们希望在未来不久，这个系统能够成为将‘碳排放’转化为‘碳资源’的实用工具。”)”可知，从王教授的话中我们可以推断出这个系统将有助于推动低碳发展。故选B项。 Passage 14 Almost one in five adults in the US lives with a mental illness. A number of scientific studies have shown that nature experiences may benefit people’s psychological well-being and cognitive (认知的) function. Experts are starting to recognize interacting with nature as one way to improve mental health. But it has been difficult to find ways to quantify these benefits in a useful manner for cities or organizations that want to integrate nature to improve mental health. “Thinking about the direct mental health benefits that nature contact provides is important to take into account when planning how to conserve nature and integrate it into our cities,” says Greg Bratman, an assistant professor at the University of Washington, offers a conceptual model for this in his study. The study outlines how city planners, landscape architects, developers, and others could eventually anticipate the mental health impacts of decisions related to the environment. Many governments already consider this with regard to other aspects of human health. For example, trees planted in cities improve air quality or reduce urban heat island effects, and parks built in specific neighborhoods encourage physical activity. But these actions don’t usually directly factor in the mental health benefits that trees or a restored park might provide. Then researchers built a model to help make meaningful, informed decisions about environmental projects and how they may impact mental health. It includes four steps for planners to consider: elements of nature included in a project, say at a school or across the whole city; amount of contact people will have with nature; how people interact with nature; and how people may benefit from those interactions, based on the latest scientific evidence. “If the evidence shows that nature contact helps to buffer (缓冲) against negative impacts from other environmental predictors of health, then access to these landscapes can be considered a matter of environmental justice. We hope this framework will contribute to this discussion,” Bratman says. “Eventually, it could be developed and potentially used to help address health disparities in underserved communities.” 1．What challenges planners in using nature to improve mental health? A．The high cost of green space projects. B．The difficulty in measuring the benefits. C．The lack of scientific studies on nature. D．The low awareness of mental illnesses. 2．What is the purpose of Bratman’s conceptual model? A．To help decide on environmental issues. B．To show benefits of nature for mental health. C．To seek medical treatment for mental illnesses. D．To replace traditional urban planning methods. 3．What should the government consider in environmental projects according to the model? A．Increasing the number of urban communities. B．Simplifying natural elements in the community. C．Giving people advice on how to interact with nature. D．Calculating the frequency of people’s nature contact. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Mental Health Crisis: More Green Spaces Needed B．Mental Illness Treatment: A Global Challenge C．Happiness Measurement: Studies in Urban Parks D．Nature and Well-being: A New Tool for City Planners 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究证实自然有益心理健康，并提出相关模型供城市规划使用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But it has been difficult to find ways to quantify these benefits in a useful manner for cities or organizations that want to integrate nature to improve mental health. (但是，对于那些希望融入自然以改善心理健康的城市或机构而言，一直难以找到有效的方法来量化这些益处。)”可知，规划者在使用自然改善心理健康方面面临的挑战是难以量化其益处。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The study outlines how city planners, landscape architects, developers, and others could eventually anticipate the mental health impacts of decisions related to the environment. (这项研究概述了城市规划者、景观设计师、开发商及其他人员，最终如何预测环境相关决策对心理健康的影响。)”以及第四段中“Then researchers built a model to help make meaningful, informed decisions about environmental projects and how they may impact mental health. (随后，研究人员建立了一个模型，以帮助针对环境项目及其对心理健康的潜在影响，做出有意义、有依据的决策。)”可知，该模型的目的是帮助就环境问题做出决定。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“It includes four steps for planners to consider: elements of nature included in a project, say at a school or across the whole city; amount of contact people will have with nature; how people interact with nature; and how people may benefit from those interactions, based on the latest scientific evidence. (该模型包括供规划者考虑的四个步骤：基于最新的科学证据，考虑项目中包含的自然元素（例如在一所学校或整个城市范围内）；人们与自然接触的频率；人们如何与自然互动；以及人们可能从这些互动中获得的益处。)”可知，根据这个模型，政府在环境项目中应该考虑人们与自然接触的频率。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“A number of scientific studies have shown that nature experiences may benefit people’s psychological well-being and cognitive (认知的) function. Experts are starting to recognize interacting with nature as one way to improve mental health. But it has been difficult to find ways to quantify these benefits in a useful manner for cities or organizations that want to integrate nature to improve mental health. (多项科学研究表明，体验自然有益于人们的心理健康和认知功能。专家们开始认可与自然互动是改善心理健康的一种方式。但是，对于那些希望融入自然以改善心理健康的城市或机构而言，一直难以找到有效的方法来量化这些益处。)”可知，全文围绕“如何量化自然对心理健康的益处”这一难题展开，介绍了研究人员为此构建的一个帮助城市规划者进行环境决策的模型，强调自然与幸福感之间的联系以及为规划者提供的新工具。D选项“自然与健康：城市规划者的新工具”符合文章主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 15 For people with Alzheimer’s or other forms of dementia (痴呆症), home can become a dangerous place. Simple acts like cooking can lead to fires, and the risk of falls increases significantly. As the number of dementia patients in the U.S. is projected to double by 2060, researchers are asking: What if homes were “smarter” and less deadly? Increasingly, AI is being used to improve safety for patients and reduce the crushing burden on caregivers. George Demiris, a researcher at the University of Pennsylvania, is leading projects like “Sense4Safety.” Unlike traditional cameras that might invade privacy, this system uses depth sensors to extract human shapes. It analyzes a person’s gait (步态) — measuring step length and speed — to predict fall risks. “Current care systems are unfortunately reactive; we wait for a fall to happen,” Demiris explains. “AI allows us to be proactive, intervening when it detects subtle changes in daily routines or movement patterns before an accident occurs.” While the technology shows tremendous promise, it also raises complex ethical concerns. Tiffani Bright, an expert in AI fairness, warns about data bias. If an AI model is trained on data that doesn’t reflect the diversity of the patient population, it could provide inaccurate advice for certain groups. Furthermore, there is the issue of access. “Research goes where the dollars go,” Bright notes. Ironically, those who need this technology the most-often in rural or lower-income areas — might be the last to access it, exacerbating the digital divide in healthcare. Moreover, experts emphasize that technology has limits. Regina Shih, an epidemiologist, argues that one cannot “app their way” out of hands-on care. “There is no way to replace the human interaction and empathy required in family caregiving,” she says. AI can monitor safety and provide peace of mind, but it cannot replace the human touch needed to help someone eat, bathe, or dress. Ultimately, smart homes represent a powerful tool, not a replacement. The challenge lies not just in developing the technology, but in ensuring it is used responsibly, justly as a complement to human compassion. 1．How does Sense4Safety improve safety according to the text? A．By offering medical help after accidents. B．By predicting possible dangers in advance. C．By controlling patients’ daily movements. D．By recording real-time behaviors with cameras. 2．What does the underlined word “exacerbating” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Bridging. B．Worsening. C．Identifying. D．Ignoring. 3．Why is AI unable to replace human care? A．It lacks necessary human warmth. B．It fails to ensure the safety of the elderly. C．It is far too expensive for most families. D．It causes potential risks to personal information. 4．Which of the following would the author probably agree with? A．AI benefits patients equally across the areas. B．AI should be used appropriately in care giving. C．AI is the final solution to health care problems. D．AI can independently deal with health care issues. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要阐述随着美国痴呆症患者数量预计在2060年翻倍，研究人员探索利用AI打造“更智能”住宅以提升患者安全并减轻护理人员负担，介绍相关技术原理，同时探讨其面临的伦理问题与局限性，强调合理使用AI辅助人类关怀。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“George Demiris, a researcher at the University of Pennsylvania, is leading projects like “Sense4Safety.” Unlike traditional cameras that might invade privacy, this system uses depth sensors to extract human shapes. It analyzes a person’s gait (步态) — measuring step length and speed — to predict fall risks. “Current care systems are unfortunately reactive; we wait for a fall to happen,” Demiris explains. “AI allows us to be proactive, intervening when it detects subtle changes in daily routines or movement patterns before an accident occurs.”(宾夕法尼亚大学研究员乔治・德米里斯，正主导开展 Sense4Safety这类研究项目。与可能会侵犯隐私的传统摄像头不同，该系统利用深度传感器来提取人体轮廓。 它分析人的步态 —— 测量步长与行走速度 —— 以此预判跌倒风险。 德米里斯解释道：“遗憾的是，现有的看护系统都属于事后应对模式；我们总是等到跌倒事故发生后才采取行动。而人工智能让我们能够做到主动预防，在监测到日常行为、运动模式出现细微变化时就及时介入，在意外发生之前规避危险。”)”可知，“Sense4Safety”通过提前预测可能的危险来提高安全性。故选B项。 2．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Research goes where the dollars go,” Bright notes. Ironically, those who need this technology the most-often in rural or lower-income areas — might be the last to access it, exacerbating the digital divide in healthcare.(“资金流向哪里，研究就走向哪里，” 布赖特指出。具有讽刺意味的是，那些最需要这项技术的人——通常在农村或低收入地区——可能是最后一批获得它的人，这exacerbating了医疗保健领域的数字鸿沟)”可知，农村或低收入地区最需要技术却最后获得，这会使数字鸿沟的情况更严重，所以“exacerbating”意思是“使恶化”。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““There is no way to replace the human interaction and empathy required in family caregiving,” she says. AI can monitor safety and provide peace of mind, but it cannot replace the human touch needed to help someone eat, bathe, or dress.(她说：家庭照护中所必需的人际交流与共情关怀，是无法被替代的。 人工智能可以监测安全状况、让人安心，却无法替代那些贴身照料：帮助他人进食、洗漱、穿衣等人情化的陪护)”可知，AI无法取代人类护理是因为它缺乏必要的人类温情。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The challenge lies not just in developing the technology, but in ensuring it is used responsibly, justly as a complement to human compassion.(挑战不仅在于开发这项技术，还在于确保它被负责任、公正地使用，作为人类同情心的补充)”可知，作者认为AI应在护理中得到恰当使用。故选B项。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $