Unit 8 Section B 知识清单 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 8 Making a Difference

Section B How does helping others make a difference?

一、名词

1.lady /ˈleɪdi/n. 女士；淑女

2.gentleman /ˈdʒentlmən/n. 先生；君子

→复数 gentlemen /ˈdʒentlmən

3.adult /ˈædʌlt; əˈdʌlt/n. 成年人 /adj. 成年的；成熟的

4.value /ˈvæljuː/n. 重要作用；价值 /v. 重视；珍视

→valuable adj. 有价值的；复数 values（价值观）

5.teamwork /ˈtiːmwɜːk/n. 团队合作

固定搭配 good teamwork（良好的团队合作）

6.audience /ˈɔːdiəns/n. 听众；观众

集合名词，强调整体时谓语用单数，强调个体时用复数；搭配 a large audience（大量观众）。

7.success /səkˈses/n. 成功

→successful adj. 成功的；successfully adv. 成功地；动词 succeed

8.pocket /ˈpɒkɪt/n. 口袋

固定搭配 pocket money（零花钱）；短语 in one's pocket（在某人的口袋里）。

9.effort /ˈefət/n. 努力；艰难的尝试

固定搭配 make an effort to do sth.（努力做某事）；spare no effort（不遗余力）。

10.talent /ˈtælənt/n. 才能；天赋；天才

→talented adj. 有天赋的

固定搭配 have a talent for sth.（有…… 的天赋），如 She has a talent for music.

11.madam /ˈmædəm/n.（正式、礼貌的称呼）女士；夫人

12.advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt; ˌædvəˈtaɪzmənt/n. (=ad /æd/) 广告；启事

缩写 ad，复数 advertisements/ads

二、动词

1.bark /bɑːk/v.（狗）吠叫 /n. 狗叫声

v. 狗叫，如 The dog barked at the stranger.；n. 狗叫声，不可数。

2.donate /dəʊˈneɪt/v. 捐赠；赠送

→ donation n. 捐赠；捐款；donor n. 捐赠者

固定搭配 donate sth. to sb./sth.（向…… 捐赠某物），如 donate books to the school。

三、形容词

1.missing /ˈmɪsɪŋ/adj. 失踪的；丢失的

→miss v. 错过；想念

用法：修饰名词，如 a missing child（失踪的孩子）；the missing key（丢失的钥匙）。

2.practical /ˈpræktɪkl/adj. 实用的；实际的

→ practically adv. 实际地；几乎；名词 practice n. 实践

用法：形容物品 / 建议 “实用的”，如 practical skills（实用技能）；practical advice（实用建议）。

3.life-saving /ˈlaɪfˌseɪvɪŋ/adj. 救命的；救生的

固定搭配 life-saving skills（救生技能）；life-saving equipment（救生设备）。

4.successful /səkˈsesfl/adj. 成功的；有成就的

→success n. 成功；副词 successfully adv. 成功地；动词 succeed

固定搭配 be successful in doing sth.（成功做某事）。

5.voluntary /ˈvɒləntri/adj. 自愿的；无偿的

→ voluntarily adv. 自愿地；名词 volunteer n. 志愿者 / v. 自愿做

搭配 voluntary work（志愿工作）；voluntary help（无偿帮助）。

6.ordinary /ˈɔːdnri/adj. 平凡的；普通的

→ ordinarily adv. 通常；平常

7.worth /wɜːθ/adj. 值得；有价值

→worth n. 价值；形容词 worthy adj. 值得的

核心考点 be worth doing sth.（值得做某事），如 The book is worth reading.

8.willing /ˈwɪlɪŋ/adj. 乐意的；愿意的

→ will n. 意愿；副词 willingly adv. 乐意地；反义词 unwilling

固定搭配 be willing to do sth.（愿意做某事）

9.elder /ˈeldə(r)/adj.（两人中）年纪较长的（尤指哥哥姐姐）

四、副词

1.completely /kəmˈpliːtli/adv. 完全地；彻底地

→ complete adj. 完整的；动词 complete v. 完成

五、短语

1.ever since 自从；自…… 以后

用法：引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，如 He has lived here ever since he was born.

2.most of all 最主要的是

用法：强调重要性，写作中用于引出核心观点，如 I love many subjects, but most of all I like English.

3.on the go 在忙碌中

如 She is always on the go with work.

4.in need 需要帮助的；生活困难的

固定搭配 people in need（需要帮助的人）；help those in need（帮助有需要的人）。

5.familiar with 通晓；熟悉

固定搭配 be familiar with sth./sb.（熟悉……），如 She is familiar with this city.

6.etc. /etˈsetərə/ 等等；以及诸如此类

用法：缩写形式，用于列举结尾，口语 / 书面语通用，如 I like fruits: apples, bananas, etc.

7.sign up 报名

8.hand out 分发

同义短语 give out；代词放中间 hand them out（分发它们）。

 

课堂练习

一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空

1. The key to __________ (solve) this problem is to stay calm and think carefully.
2. This exciting game is worth _________ (try) because it can help improve your reaction ability.
3. I don't know whether we can be _________ (success), but let's have a try.
4. This necklace is very ___________ (value) to my mother because it was a gift from my father.
5. I heard my neighbour _________ (sing) a beautiful song when I passed by her house last night.
6. The doctor has returned to his own country after two years' ______________ (volunteer) work.

二、用所给短语的适当形式填空

方框短语： sign up  on the go  be willing to  in need  ever since  hand out

1. He told his parents that he was __________ at the moment.
2. We are proud to help those ____________ through our charity work.
3. My sister _______________ help pick up the rubbish with me in the park.
4. He is the first person to _______________ for the course.
5. _______________ listening to the story of Yu Gong, I've believed that nothing is impossible if we keep trying.
6. These students could ________________ food at the food bank.

三、考点辨析

微语段 练考点

Ⅰ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空

1. Tom always __________ his grandma who lives in another city. Last week, he planned to visit her but __________ the train. Now, he's worried about his grandma, especially since her favourite cat has been _________ for two days. (miss)
2. Our class wanted to clean the park. We worked together to get __________. With teamwork, we _________ picked up all the rubbish. In the end, we ________ in making the park tidy. It was a truly __________ activity for everyone. (success)

考点 1 worth 的用法

1. —My friend and I are coming to Yangzhou next week. Where shall we go?