Unit 8 Section B 知识清单 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语知识清单围绕“帮助他人产生影响”主题，系统梳理名词（如value、teamwork）、动词（如donate）、形容词（如practical）等词汇及短语（如in need、sign up），涵盖词性转换（value→valuable）和固定搭配（make an effort to do sth.），构建从词汇基础到短语运用的学习支架。 知识链路以主题整合词汇与语法，按“词汇梳理-短语搭配-考点辨析-综合应用”逻辑展开。亮点在于通过微语段练习和完形填空等题型提升语言能力，结合考点对比培养思维品质，设置分层练习发展学习能力，助力知识向实际运用转化。

Unit 8 Making a Difference Section B How does helping others make a difference? 一、名词 1.lady /ˈleɪdi/n. 女士；淑女 2.gentleman /ˈdʒentlmən/n. 先生；君子 →复数 gentlemen /ˈdʒentlmən 3.adult /ˈædʌlt; əˈdʌlt/n. 成年人 /adj. 成年的；成熟的 4.value /ˈvæljuː/n. 重要作用；价值 /v. 重视；珍视 →valuable adj. 有价值的；复数 values（价值观） 5.teamwork /ˈtiːmwɜːk/n. 团队合作 固定搭配 good teamwork（良好的团队合作） 6.audience /ˈɔːdiəns/n. 听众；观众 集合名词，强调整体时谓语用单数，强调个体时用复数；搭配 a large audience（大量观众）。 7.success /səkˈses/n. 成功 →successful adj. 成功的；successfully adv. 成功地；动词 succeed 8.pocket /ˈpɒkɪt/n. 口袋 固定搭配 pocket money（零花钱）；短语 in one's pocket（在某人的口袋里）。 9.effort /ˈefət/n. 努力；艰难的尝试 固定搭配 make an effort to do sth.（努力做某事）；spare no effort（不遗余力）。 10.talent /ˈtælənt/n. 才能；天赋；天才 →talented adj. 有天赋的 固定搭配 have a talent for sth.（有…… 的天赋），如 She has a talent for music. 11.madam /ˈmædəm/n.（正式、礼貌的称呼）女士；夫人 12.advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt; ˌædvəˈtaɪzmənt/n. (=ad /æd/) 广告；启事 缩写 ad，复数 advertisements/ads 2、 动词 1.bark /bɑːk/v.（狗）吠叫 /n. 狗叫声 v. 狗叫，如 The dog barked at the stranger.；n. 狗叫声，不可数。 2.donate /dəʊˈneɪt/v. 捐赠；赠送 → donation n. 捐赠；捐款；donor n. 捐赠者 固定搭配 donate sth. to sb./sth.（向…… 捐赠某物），如 donate books to the school。 三、形容词 1.missing /ˈmɪsɪŋ/adj. 失踪的；丢失的 →miss v. 错过；想念 用法：修饰名词，如 a missing child（失踪的孩子）；the missing key（丢失的钥匙）。 2.practical /ˈpræktɪkl/adj. 实用的；实际的 → practically adv. 实际地；几乎；名词 practice n. 实践 用法：形容物品 / 建议 “实用的”，如 practical skills（实用技能）；practical advice（实用建议）。 3.life-saving /ˈlaɪfˌseɪvɪŋ/adj. 救命的；救生的 固定搭配 life-saving skills（救生技能）；life-saving equipment（救生设备）。 4.successful /səkˈsesfl/adj. 成功的；有成就的 →success n. 成功；副词 successfully adv. 成功地；动词 succeed 固定搭配 be successful in doing sth.（成功做某事）。 5.voluntary /ˈvɒləntri/adj. 自愿的；无偿的 → voluntarily adv. 自愿地；名词 volunteer n. 志愿者 / v. 自愿做 搭配 voluntary work（志愿工作）；voluntary help（无偿帮助）。 6.ordinary /ˈɔːdnri/adj. 平凡的；普通的 → ordinarily adv. 通常；平常 7.worth /wɜːθ/adj. 值得；有价值 →worth n. 价值；形容词 worthy adj. 值得的 核心考点 be worth doing sth.（值得做某事），如 The book is worth reading. 8.willing /ˈwɪlɪŋ/adj. 乐意的；愿意的 → will n. 意愿；副词 willingly adv. 乐意地；反义词 unwilling 固定搭配 be willing to do sth.（愿意做某事） 9.elder /ˈeldə(r)/adj.（两人中）年纪较长的（尤指哥哥姐姐） 四、副词 1.completely /kəmˈpliːtli/adv. 完全地；彻底地 → complete adj. 完整的；动词 complete v. 完成 五、短语 1.ever since 自从；自…… 以后 用法：引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，如 He has lived here ever since he was born. 2.most of all 最主要的是 用法：强调重要性，写作中用于引出核心观点，如 I love many subjects, but most of all I like English. 3.on the go 在忙碌中 如 She is always on the go with work. 4.in need 需要帮助的；生活困难的 固定搭配 people in need（需要帮助的人）；help those in need（帮助有需要的人）。 5.familiar with 通晓；熟悉 固定搭配 be familiar with sth./sb.（熟悉……），如 She is familiar with this city. 6.etc. /etˈsetərə/ 等等；以及诸如此类 用法：缩写形式，用于列举结尾，口语 / 书面语通用，如 I like fruits: apples, bananas, etc. 7.sign up 报名 8.hand out 分发 同义短语 give out；代词放中间 hand them out（分发它们）。 课堂练习 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The key to __________ (solve) this problem is to stay calm and think carefully. 2. This exciting game is worth _________ (try) because it can help improve your reaction ability. 3. I don't know whether we can be _________ (success), but let's have a try. 4. This necklace is very ___________ (value) to my mother because it was a gift from my father. 5. I heard my neighbour _________ (sing) a beautiful song when I passed by her house last night. 6. The doctor has returned to his own country after two years' ______________ (volunteer) work. 2、 用所给短语的适当形式填空 方框短语： sign up on the go be willing to in need ever since hand out 1. He told his parents that he was __________ at the moment. 2. We are proud to help those ____________ through our charity work. 3. My sister _______________ help pick up the rubbish with me in the park. 4. He is the first person to _______________ for the course. 5. _______________ listening to the story of Yu Gong, I've believed that nothing is impossible if we keep trying. 6. These students could ________________ food at the food bank. 3、 考点辨析 微语段 练考点 Ⅰ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Tom always __________ his grandma who lives in another city. Last week, he planned to visit her but __________ the train. Now, he's worried about his grandma, especially since her favourite cat has been _________ for two days. (miss) 2. Our class wanted to clean the park. We worked together to get __________. With teamwork, we _________ picked up all the rubbish. In the end, we ________ in making the park tidy. It was a truly __________ activity for everyone. (success) 考点 1 worth 的用法 1. —My friend and I are coming to Yangzhou next week. Where shall we go? —China Grand Canal(大运河) Museum is well worth ______ (visit) because you can have a taste of its rich culture. 2. 去动物园的旅行值得花这个钱。 The trip to the zoo is ______ ______ ______. 考点 2辨析 familiar with 与 familiar to 1. 我是西安人,所以我对这座城市很熟悉。 I am from Xi'an, so I am ____________________ this city very much. 2. 那个镇对于我来说是熟悉的。我在那里住了十年。 That town was ________________ me. I lived there for ten years. 考点 3辨析 provide 与 offer 1. We students can _________ food and old clothes to the homeless, and the teachers can ______ learning skills for the poor children. A. provide; offer B. provide; provide C. offer; offer D. offer; provide 2. When Peter knew my son was interested in skiing, he offered ______ (teach) him. 3. The hotel provides good service for us. (改为同义句) The hotel ______ ______ ______ good service. 考点 4辨析 interviewer 与 interview 1. 到目前为止,我已经采访了十多名商人。 I ___________ more than ten businessmen so far. 2. 总统昨晚在电视上接受了采访。 The President gave an ___________ on television last night. 3. 面试官问了那名大学生一些问题。 The ________ asked that college student some questions. 考点 5 adult 的用法 1. 商店里的玩具模型不仅适合儿童,也适合成年人。 The toy models in the store are not only for children but also for ______. 2. 一头成年大象比一头幼象重好几倍。 An ______ elephant weighs many times more than a baby one. 4、 根据汉语意思,用单词或短语完成句子 1. 我们应该知道时间的价值,并充分利用每一分钟。 We should know the _________________ of time and make full use of every minute. 2. 学习游泳是值得的,因为它能在紧急情况下救你一命。 Learning to swim is _______________ because it can save your life in an emergency. 3. 在夏令营里,孩子们学到了很多实用的救生技能,比如如何进行心肺复苏。 At the summer camp, children learnt many ______________, such as how to perform CPR. 4. 他善良、勤奋,最重要的是,他总是愿意帮助身边有困难的人。 He is kind and hard-working, and ______________, he is always willing to help people in trouble around him. 5. 请尽可能仔细地完成这份试卷,不要粗心大意。 Please finish this test paper ________________ and don't be careless. 6. 今年5月,我们学校的学生们参加了各种各样的志愿活动。 The students in our school took part in _____________ volunteer activities in May this year. 7. 社区里,一些学生放学后照顾流浪猫。 In the community, some students ________________ the stray cats after school. 8. 在周末,八年级二班的同学们在兴庆公园捡烟蒂。 At the weekend, the students from Class 2, Grade 8 ________ the cigarette butts at Xingqing Park. 9. 通过此次志愿服务,同学们完全理解了志愿服务的含义。 Through this volunteer service, students completely understood the ____________ of volunteer service. 10. 这些志愿活动对于学生们的发展产生了巨大的影响。 These volunteer activities _________________ to the development of students. 5、 完形填空 Waste sorting (grouping) began on 1 July, 2019. Here, I'd like to talk about our 1______about waste sorting. In October 2016, the government picked our neighbourhood to test waste sorting first. To help the programme run well, we 2______a volunteer team. Several of us were not sure 3_________ we could lead people in the neighbourhood to change their habits or not. We began with the usual ways. We posted notices around the neighbourhood. We also went door to door, 4_________ information about it. But they still made lots of mistakes. For example, many didn't know wet waste meant food waste. 5________, they thought it meant waste that was wet. Some even refused to sort their waste. We went around explaining the rules. We also let them know we had grouped their waste for 6_______ . It was a matter of time and patience. We believed they would finally change their 7_______ . Six months later, we finally made it. People in my building had begun sorting their waste. Some even 8________ us to sort waste that was sorted improperly. I think face-to-face talks played an important 9_______ . Sometimes, these talks caused arguments, 10_________ they worked much better than just leaving messages or handing out papers. It was interesting to see the results. I hope everyone understands that sorting waste is good for all of us. ( )1. A. problems B. experiences C. ideas D. plans ( )2. A. set up B. cut up C. gave up D. stayed up ( )3. A. when B. how C. whether D. that ( )4. A. writing B. sharing C. hiding D. forgetting ( )5. A. Yet B. Also C. Finally D. Instead ( )6. A. me B. us C. him D. them ( )7. A. grades B. minds C. clothes D. rules ( )8. A. caused B. joined C. encouraged D. wanted ( )9. A. game B. task C. role D. lesson ( )10. A. because B. unless C. but D. or 6、 短文填空: 用所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文完整正确。 spend, continue, able, use, provide, two, trouble, volunteer, about, teach Nancy is a very kind girl. She is always ready to help people who are in 1. ________. Now she is studying in the University of Texas. At the same time she volunteers to 2. ________ at Heart House in her free time. Heart House is a local after-school programme for children. It 3. ________ some more education for those children who are not doing well in their studies. Nancy goes to Heart House to teach the children 4. ________ a week. She has also made a website for Heart House. In this way, more people have more chances to learn 5. ________ Heart House and help the children there. Because of Nancy's website, every week 125 volunteers 6. ________ about four hours helping the children at Heart House now. “Without Nancy's website, Heart House would never be 7. ________ to have enough volunteers. Her help is very 8. ________,” Mr Dervish says. He runs the programme and speaks highly of Nancy. “I feel happy to teach those kids how to study. The happiest thing is that I can also learn a lot from them. I won't give up 9. ________ after graduation and I hope to 10. ________ teaching kids who need help,” Nancy says. 7、 补全对话 A: Would you like to go to the movies with me this Saturday, Cathy? B: 1. ______________________________. I'm busy. A: 2. ______________________________? B: I'm going to do some volunteer work. A: 3. ______________________________. What kind of volunteer work will you do? B: I'll help kids learn to read in an after-school reading centre. A: I love reading and I'm good with children. 4. ______________________________? B: Of course. I'm glad that you will do it together with me. A: 5. ______________________________? B: Let's meet at the bus stop at 8:00 on Saturday morning. A: OK. See you then. 第 1 页 共 5 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $