北京师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二年级下学期期中练习英语试题

2023-2024学年北大附中高二年级练习 英 语 2024.04 书院 班级 姓名 考 1.本试卷共9页，共三个部分，44道小题。满分100分。考试时间90分钟。 生 2.在试卷和答题纸上准确填写书院名称、班级名称、姓名。 须 3. 答案一律填涂或书写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 知 4. 在答题纸上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其余题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5. 考试结束，请将答题纸交回。试卷自己留存。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，共30分) 第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选 出最佳选项。 I was a zombie,going to high school barely even awake.I played video games till midnight nearly every day.Luckily there came a new 1 who woke me up. On the first day of my senior year,I sat at my desk in a sleepy state.I yawned,not even 2 to cover my mouth.Ray Seabeck leapt to my desk and beat his hands on it. "Do you like Shakespeare?"he screamed at me. My mouth was stuck in mid-yawn,wide open."Well,do you?"he3 "Yes!"I lied.Actually I had no idea what Shakespeare was.But I was going to find out.What's more,this man tried to 4 my interest in literature. We read Hamlet,and bit by bit I found that I couldn't put it down.Why did Hamlet keep hesitating?Why?Suddenly I became 5 in Shakespeare,and then Hemingway,and then Fitzgerald,Wordsworth and Blake.I even dreamed of becoming an English teacher like Mr.Seabeck!But could I make it to 6 with only several months left? I stayed after school one day to 7 Mr.Seabeck about my future."You're Hamlet!"he said."Here are two paths laid open for you-to be or not to be.To8 your dream or to give up."I left school that day with college in my eyes and ears.Just thinking of that made me feel 9. Mr.Seabeck was right.I eventually got accepted at Plymouth State University.Now as an English teacher,I can still hear Mr.Seabeck screaming,"Do you like Shakespeare?" I might never have 10 that I,in fact,love Shakespeare but for the flame he lit in me. 1.A.janitor B.principal C.teacher D.librarian 2.A.affording B.bothering C.hesitating D.refusing 3.A.yelled B.replied C.investigated D.warned 4.A.kill B.affect C.shift D.fan 5.A.absorbed B.weak C.confident D.disappointed 1 6.A.society B.church C.college D.heaven 7.A.tell B.interview C.advise D.consult 8.A.apply for B.struggle for C.account for D.long for 9.A.thrilled B.depressed C.astonished D.exhausted 10.A.insisted B.known C.wondered D.overlooked 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个 恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A When I was 16,I formed my first band called "Frog".At the beginning,we depended 11playing instruments in the street to earn money.Then we wore false beards pretending to be famous musicians.In addition,we added humorous acts to our 12 (performance)and played jokes on one another.Soon,our "funny jazz" became famous and we were invited to perform everywhere.Afterwards,we made a record in a studio.Up to now one million copies 13(sell)and we become rich and popular. B Your financial IQ is the kind of intelligence 14 helps you comprehend how money works so you can manage it well.In other words,having financial intelligence15(enhance)your competence to handle money responsibly and wisely over the long term.It enables you 16(make)good financial decisions and to take advantage of money-making opportunities that present themselves.You can improve your financial IQ by educating 17(you),getting help from financially intelligent people around you and creating budgets. c Nowadays,many people have more than one job,or a slash career.For people encouraging slash careers,secondary jobs 18(become)enjoyable if they can include interests the primary job doesn't touch.On the other hand,a slash career can be dangerous for work-life balance.19(work)more than one job can fill up all of your time.One might give up necessary things like relaxation,exercise or time with one's family.People with slash careers need to think carefully about 20 they use their time. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The book"A Wrinkle in Time"was first published in 1962.Back then,stories about smart,young girls who liked science were hard to find.But author Madeline L'Engle was a visionary,and so was Meg Murry,the book's main character. 2 HowStuffWorks is a website about science and culture.Writers for the site talked to three women scientists.These women read"A Wrinkle in Time"when they were kids. Here is how Meg inspired them. The Neuropsychologist Dr.Amy Serin is a successful neuropsychologist.Dr.Serin said it was hard to find a good female hero.That is why she loved the book so much.She even wrote to Madeline L'Engle,and L'Engle wrote back.The author told Dr.Serin to follow her dreams of being a scientist."Her responses really encouraged me,"Dr.Serin said. Now,Dr.Serin started a company called Touchpoint Solution.The company makes a health device that people can wear to lower stress. The Doctor-Turned-Inventor After reading the book,Dr.Amy Baxter paid attention to Meg's mother,Mrs.Murry, who was a microbiologist.She studied living creatures that are too small to see,like germs."Mrs.Murry was a role model of how a woman could be both a mom and a scientist",Dr.Baxter said. The book helped Dr.Baxter go on to become a doctor.She also invented a new device in her garage to block the pain from needles. The Mathematician Dr.Abbe Herzig teaches about education at the University of Albany."A Wrinkle in Time"was one of the first books she read about time travel.It inspired her to learn more about science and time. Dr.Herzig likes to learn about different types of clocks.She also loves to learn about calendars from the past and looks at the math behind ideas about time. 21.What inspired Dr.Amy Serin to pursue a career in science? A.The adventures taken by Meg Murry. B.Mrs.Murry's role as a microbiologist in the book. C.L'Engle's encouragement in response to her letter. D.The challenges faced by female heroes in literature. 22.What influence does the book have on Dr.Baxter? A.Showing her the importance of family. B.Inspiring her to become a doctor and inventor. C.Introducing her to the world of science fiction. D.Encouraging her to pursue a career in microbiology. 23.What does the author intend to tell us? A.No role models,no success. B.Where there's a will,there's a way. C.Opportunities are reserved for visionary people. D.Literature can be inspiring in one's career pursuit. B Donald lay back on the grass of the recently mowed lawn of the Griffith Park Observatory.It was Saturday and a pleasant evening lay before him.First,a visit to the 3 early show at the planetarium (where he would see the highly praised Holorama show.Then an evening under the stars at the Greek Theater down the hill to listen to the Star Crushers,the latest sensation in popular music.And,to go with it all,a fascinating and beautiful,but slightly confusing,girl. The Sun had set and Donald's mind wandered up into the lightly star-sprinkled sky as it had been doing ever since he was a little child and he and his father would go out into the back yard in the evening to look at the stars.Occasionally they would both be rewarded by the quick slash of a meteor or the slow progression of a satellite.Donald knew that since those days,his life had been fixed.He wanted to go to the stars! Unfortunately,mankind's reach for the stars had faltered as Donald came of age, but his persistence had gained him one of the few jobs left in the field.Although it now looked as if he would never get off the Earth himself,he was out there represented by the spacecraft that he tended.Jacqueline took another sip of wine and watched Donald's eyes as they peered into the darkening skies.They were as vacant as the deep space they were contemplating. Jacqueline knew Donald well enough to realize where his mind was."Which one are you looking at?"she asked,knowing that he knew the position in the sky of every one of the six deep-space spacecraft that he was responsible for monitoring. "Not one of mine,"he replied,"but the first one to leave the Solar System-the Pioneer X.It went out between Taurus and Orion.It must be at 10,000AU(天文单位) by now.I was imagining that I was out there,no longer able to communicate with Earth, pushing on alone,buffeted by micrometeors (and the interstellar wind,getting more and more tired but pressing onward and outward..." Jacqueline's tinkling laugh brought him back to Earth.He rolled over and glared somewhat shamefacedly at her. "Don't be mad,"she said."You and I must be more alike than we realize,for I too sometimes dream that I am a spacecraft." 24.This part of the story is mainly set A.on a lawn B.in a theater C.in a restaurant D.on a spacecraft 25.Why did Donald choose to work in this field? A.His father encouraged him to select this job. B.He had been fascinated by space since childhood. C.The job would give him a chance to go to the stars. D.Space exploration was then a rapidly growing industry 26.How might we describe Donald's personality? A.Brave and careful. B.Kind and sensitive. C.Outgoing and enthusiastic. D.Imaginative and determined. 4 27.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A.Jacqueline found Donald's ideas ridiculous. B.Jacqueline shared a similar interest with Donald. C.Jacqueline was concerned about Donald's madness. D.Donald felt reluctant to reveal his desire to Jacqueline. C Scientists have built a bacterium that contains the minimal genetic ingredients needed for free living.This bacterium's entire set of genetic blueprints,its genome, consists of only 473 genes,including 149 whose precise biological function is unknown. The newly-created bacterium contains a minimalist version of the genome of Mycoplasma mycoides(丝状支原体). In 2010,researchers at the J.Craig Venter Institute in La Jolla,Calif,copied the entire genome of M.mycoides and popped it into a cell of a different species, Mycoplasma capricolum(山羊支原体)，creating the first synthetic organism.The new work strips (the M.mycoides genome down to its essential elements before transplanting it to the M.capricolum shell,producing a minimal bacterium named syn 3.0.Researchers hope syn 3.0's genome will teach them more about the basics of biology Such minimal genome bacteria also may be fundamental to build custom-made microbes for producing drugs or chemicals. J.Craig Venter,founder of the nonprofit institute,and a team of researchers there initially set out to design an organism based on a core set of about 300 genes that researchers guessed a microbe would need to survive on its own.But when the researchers tried to bring their computer creations to life,"every one of our designs failed,"Venter said.The failure was due to leaving genes of unknown function out of the mix.About 32 percent of the genetic ingredients,which were ultimately needed to cook up even a simple organism,were left out of the initial recipe because the researchers didn't know what the genes did and didn't understand their importance. Once those genes were mixed back,the bacteria sprung to life. "I think we're showing how complex life is in even the simplest of organisms," Venter said."These findings are very humbling"because they show that researchers still don't fully understand even the minimal requirements for life.The lack of knowledge is frustrating after so many years of molecular biology,but the newly built microbe may be a good platform for discovering what genes of unknown function do. While other researchers have attempted to make minimal genomes by stripping away one gene at a time,the Venter group built their lean microbe from the ground up, synthesizing pieces of DNA that would later be added into a complete genome.Drew Endy,a synthetic biologist at Stanford University,is among several scientists applauding the made-from-scratch approach."Only when you try to build something do you find out what's truly required.Too often in biology we end up with only data or a just-so story.When you actually try to build something,you can't hide from your ignorance." 28.According to the passage,syn 3.0 5 A.is seen as the basics of biology B.is produced from the M.mycoides C.is used to produce drugs and chemicals D.is the result of the first synthetic organism 29.According to Venter,all designs of the researchers failed because A.they excluded many genes essential to the organism B.they overestimated the function of each gene involved C.there was something wrong with the computer program D.there were changes in the DNA code during the experiment 30.Why does Drew Endy support Venter's approach? A.It offers insights into the true requirements for life. B.It provides a platform to discover new sets of genes. C.It highlights the limitations of gene-stripping approach D.It enables researchers to overcome their own ignorance. D In 1776 Thomas Paine,an Englishman living in the American colonies,published a 47-page pamphlet called "Common Sense".It argued that the colonies should seek independence from British rule and soon became a best-seller.Later that year they did exactly that. Appeals to common sense are widely used in politics,especially when a rebel wishes to distinguish himself from a supposedly out-of-touch elite.But in a paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,Mark Whiting and Duncan Watts,a pair of computational social scientists at the University of Pennsylvania, note that the idea has seldom been carefully studied. The two researchers set out to fix that.They started by noting that the standard concept of common sense has a somewhat circular definition:common sense is a set of claims that sensible people agree with,and sensible people are those who possess common sense. To get around such philosophical confusion,the researchers turned to Mechanical Turk,a website run by Amazon,a big tech firm,that allows people to post odd jobs. They recruited 2,046 human participants and asked them to rate 50 statements from a corpus of 4,407 claims that might plausibly be seen as commonsensical. As common sense might have predicted,the researchers found that plainly worded claims concerning facts about the real world were the most likely to be rated as demonstrating common sense ("triangles have three sides",for example,which is true by definition,or"avoid close contact with people who are ill").The more abstract the claims,the less likely participants were to agree that they were common sense ("all human beings are created equal";"perception is the only source of knowledge"). When they split the claims by subject,the researchers found that those concerning technology and science were the most likely to be rated as commonsensical,while matters of history and philosophy were the least likely.Moreover,a respondent's age, sex,income and personal politics had little effect on what they thought counted as 6 common sense,although psychological measures of social perceptiveness and the ability to reflect on one's opinions did. Having investigated individual opinions,the researchers looked at how common sense works across big groups.Here,they found much less agreement than might have been expected.Only around 44%of claims in the corpus were rated as commonsensical by at least 75%of respondents.A stricter definition of common sense,in which everyone has to agree with a claim for it to count,cut that number to just 6.6%.Where exactly a sensible cut-off lies is a matter for debate.But truly "common'sense,it seems,is an elusive thing. 31.The author writes the first two paragraphs mainly to A.introduce the history of common sense B.highlight the importance of common sense C.show the application of common sense in politics D.point out a need to examine common sense in detail 32.What can we learn from Whiting and Watts'study? A.Abstract claims were more likely to be rated as common sense. B.Personal politics significantly influenced what counted as common sense. C.Claims related to science had a better chance to be seen as common sense. D.A majority of claims were agreed upon by all participants as common sense. 33.What does the underlined word"elusive"in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A.Invisible. B.Impressive. C.Improbable. D.Indefinable 34.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A.Common Sense Leads to Confusion B.Common Sense Affects Individual Opinions C.Common Sense Is Not Actually Very Common D.Common Sense Works Differently Across Groups 第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在 答题纸上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。 In a social situation,eye contact can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way.But it can also mean differently such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate with a challenging look.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact. We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes,and she will look back.This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child.35 It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room,"Eye contact and smile"can signal availability and confidence. 36 Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded.This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms（自闭症谱系症状)，who may tend to avoid eye contact. Eye contact can also be aggressive.With the use of eye-tracking technology,Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can 7 signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation.Eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations.37"Whether you're a politician or a parent,it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,"said Minson. Eye fixations are brief.When we look at a face or a picture,our eyes pause on one spot at a time,often on the eyes or mouth.These pauses typically occur about three times per second,and the eyes then jump to another spot,until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots.38 And it is the subject of current research. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism(神经过敏症)，eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues.39 People who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them. A.Their brain reactions also differ from other people. B.Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated. C.How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery. D.For adults,looking at people pleasantly can be a friendly sign of attention E.Specific brain regions that respond are being explored using advanced methods F.Our findings indicate people do feel different when they are the centre of attention G. It's more likely to be related to dominance of threat in conflicting situations,though. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 In an era dominated by constant distractions and multitasking,genuine listening has become increasingly rare.Our attention is fragmented,pulled in a thousand different directions by the non-stop demands of work,relationships,and the global events.Amidst the noise and chaos,however,there remains hope.In quiet moments of reflection,and by being more mindful,we can reclaim(重新获得)the lost art of genuine listening. At the heart of active listening lies validation-a process that extends far beyond simply agreeing.Validation is about empathetically acknowledging someone's emotions and experiences.By making the effort to understand what others are trying to communicate,we lay the groundwork for deeper connections and richer relationships. Paraphrasing is a cornerstone of active listening-an insightful act of reflecting back what someone has said in your own words.But it's more than just repeating;it's about capturing the essence of their message,including tone,emotions,and nonverbal cues.Paraphrasing acts as a bridge between hearing words and understanding intentions. It takes a certain level of focus and energy to create this space for others. Boundaries serve as guides in conversations,ensuring that dialogue remains respectful and productive.Setting boundaries involves recognizing when to step back, especially in emotionally charged discussions. 8 Many of us feel pressure to always be available,even when we're not in the right headspace or are at capacity.We push ourselves to proceed with conversations out of a desire to please or fear of disappointing others.However,this behavior not only disrespects our own well-being but also undermines the quality of the conversation. Being mindful of when we are at capacity and recognizing when we need to reschedule conversations for a time when we can show up fully present and attentive is respectful not only to yourself but also to others. 40.What factors contribute to the decline of genuine listening? 41.Why is it harmful to engage in conversations when at capacity? 42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. Genuine listening can be reclaimed through acknowledging one's emotions and experiences,repeating what someone has said and recognizing when to step back. 43.What benefit(s)does genuine listening bring to people? 第二节(20分) 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信表示对中国文学很感兴趣，希望你 给他推荐一部相关作品。请你用英文回信，内容如下： 1.作品简介； 2.推荐理由。 注意： 1.词数100左右： 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Peter, Yours, LiHua 9 北大附中2023-2024学年高二年级英语练习答案及解析 2024.4 答案 广、 完形填空（每题1.5分，共15分） 1-5 CBADA 6-10 CDBAB 二、语法填空（每题1.5分，共15分） 11on 12 performances 13 have been sold 14 that/which 15 enhances 16 to make 17 yourself 18 will become 19 Working 20 how 三、阅读理解（每题2分，共38分） A篇21-23CBD B篇24-27ABDB C篇28-30BAA D篇31-34DCDC 信息还原35-39 DBGCA 四、阅读表达 40.Factors include constant distractions and multitasking./Factors include non- stop demands of work,relationships,and the global events.Factors include constant distractions,multitasking and non-stop demands of work,relationships,and the global events. 41.Because it disrespects one's own well-being and undermines the quality of the conversation. 42.Genuine listening can be reclaimed through acknowledging one's emotions and experiences,repeating what someone has said and recognizing when to step back. According to the passage,paraphrasing/reflecting back what someone has said helps with genuine listening. or According to the passage,capturing the essence of one's message helps with genuine listening. 43.Genuine listening is essential for resolving conflicts and builds stronger connections between individuals.When people feel heard and understood,they are more likely to feel valued and respected in the relationship.This fosters trust,empathy, and mutual respect,ultimately strengthening the bond between the parties involved. 五、作文 参考范文 Dear Peter, Knowing that you are interested in Chinese literature,I'm more than delighted to recommend The Space-Time Painter. The novelette is an award-winning sci-fi of Hai Ya,a Chinese winner of the Hugo Award,following Liu Cixin and Hao Jingfang.It describes the life experience of a painter during the Song Dynasty,who created our famous landscape masterpiece Oianli Jiangshan Tu.Hai Ya has woven the main character's life into a thriller that combines the elements of traditional Chinese culture and history with sci-fi and detective genres. About my recommendation reasons,first,the writer is so skilled at building suspense that most readers seldom put the book down until the end.Besides,the writer is inspiring.I never ever thought a 24-year-old financial worker could step into the literature world,receiving the most prestigious awards of science fictions. I really hope the above is helpful.Look forward to hearing more.(149 words) Yours Li Hua 参考范文② Dear Peter, I'm glad to know you are fascinated by Chinese literature.Let me recommend one of my favorite books to you. The masterpiece,A Dream of the Red Mansions,is written by Cao Xueqin,which has been regarded as a gem of Chinese classical novel.It depicts the rise and fall of a famous family,and bears a resemblance to the author's life.At the heart of the novel is a tragic love story.Instead of telling the love story superficially,the author tries to expose the decadence of feudalism. Although the book is a thick volume,it is a must-read.First,it exhibits various aspects of Chinese culture,ranging from clothing and food to architecture.Moreover, countless poems and couplets can be seen in this book,which provides an opportunity to experience the beauty of classic Chinese language. Hope you will find my advice helpful.Look forward for your feedback.(150 words) Yours Li Hua 解析 完形填空（每题1.5分，共15分) 体裁 记叙文 字数 286 主旨 本文讲述了作者曾如行尸走肉般在学校浑浑噩噩地过活，新来的 Ray Seabeck老师不仅激发了他对文学的兴趣，还坚定了他考大 学的信心。 考查点 情节、情感、词汇：动词及动词短语6、名词2、形容词2 1.【C】考查名词。幸运的是，来了一位新老师，他把我从浑浑噩噩中的状态中 叫醒。线索：故事背景-课堂、学习内容-文学、第六段“an English teacher like Mr.Seabeck”。 A.看门人 B.校长C.老师 D.图书馆管理员 2.【B】考查动词。我困得直打哈欠，甚至都懒得去捂嘴。 A.承担得起；提供B费心C.犹豫 D拒绝 3.【A】考查动词。“你喜不喜欢莎士比亚？”他大声喊道。 A.大喊 B.回复C.调查 D.警告 4.【D】考查动词。更重要的是，这个人试图激发我对文学的兴趣。 A扼杀 B.影响C.改变 D.激起，激发 5.【A】考查形容词。根据空前的I couldn't put it down”、“Why did Hamlet keep hesitating?Why?可知，我突然对莎士比亚及其作品产生了强烈的兴趣。 A极感兴趣的 B.不擅长的 C有信心的 D.失望的 6.【C】考查名词。但是，我能在离高考只剩下几个月的情况下考上大学吗？线 索：故事背景-my senior year in high school、.Para.7“I left school that day with college in my eyes and ears.",Para.8 "Mr.Seabeck was right.I eventually got accepted at Plymouth State University." A.社会 B.教堂 C.大学 D.天堂 7.【D】考查动词。有一天放学后，我留下来向西贝克先生咨询我的将来。 A.告诉 B.采访 C.建议 D.咨询(consult sb.about sth.) 8.【B】考查动词。你面前有两条路，生存或是毁灭，为梦想而奋斗或是放弃。 A.申请 B.奋斗 C解释 D.渴望 9.【A】考查形容词。我那天怀揣着大学梦信心满满地离开了学校，一想到这一 点，我就激动不己。 A.激动的B.绝望的C震惊的D.筋疲力尽的 l0.【B】考查动词。事实上，如果不是他Mr.Seabeck点燃了我内心的火焰（激 发了我对文学的兴趣)，我可能永远不会知道我喜欢莎士比亚。 A.坚持 B.知道 C.好奇 D.忽视 二、语法填空（每题1.5分，共15分） 体裁 A篇记叙文B篇说明文C篇议论文 字数 A篇84字；B篇80字；C篇86字 考点汇总时态语态3，非谓语2，连词2，介词1，代词1，名词1 ll.【on】考查介词短语depend on。 l2.【performances】考查名词复数。 l3.【have been sold】考查时态语态。根据时间状语up to now可知此处应用完 成时，唱片是被出售故用被动语态。 14.【that/which】考查连词。此处是定语从句，that/which的先行词为 intelligence。 l5.【enhances】考查时态。此处陈述一个事实，用一般现在时，主语having financial intelligence为一个抽象概念，故谓语用第三人称单数。 l6.【to make】考查非谓语中的不定式。enable sb.todo..使某人能够. 17.【yourself】考查反身代词。句意为“你可以通过自我教育来提高财商。” l8.【will become】考查时态。主句用一般将来时，后面f从句用一般现在时 l9.【Working】考查非谓语。此处为动名词作主语。 20.【how】考查连词。how引导介词后面的宾语从句，意思为斜杠职业者需 要考虑他们如何利用时间。” 三、阅读理解（每题2分，共38分） A篇 语篇类型 应用文 字数 304 主题语境 本文隶属于“人与社会”主题语境中的“文学、艺术与体育”子主 题。 文章主旨 这篇文章讲述了三位现代“梅格”受到角色勇敢、雄心和智慧的启 发，追求现实生活中的科学成功。 2l.【C】细节题。根据文章第3段Dr.Serin写信给书的作者甚至收到了回信， 该段最后一句话说：“Her responses really encouraged me'”。由此可见，Dr.Serin 是受到作者L'Engle的鼓励后追求科学事业的。 2l.【B】细节题。根据文章第6段第1句话，The book helped Dr.Baxter go on to become a doctor.She also invented a new device...'可知，这本书影响了Dr. Baxter,.使她成为了一名医生和发明家。 23.【D】主旨题。根据文章第2段最后一句，本文主要讲述“A Wrinkle in Time 一书对3位女性科学工作者的影响，故选D。 【文章结构】 第一部分：Para.l;介绍“A Wrinkle in Time'”的背景信息（发表年代、作者、主 人公)。 第二部分：Para.2;介绍下文3个书评的出处HowStuffWorks网站，总结下文内 容。 第三部分：Para.3-8;分别讲述了3个女读者是如何受到该书启发，追求科学事 业的故事。 【单词积累】 有远见卓识的人 visionary 设备，装置 device 细菌 germ 阻碍；挡住 block 神经心理学家 neuropsychologist 微生物学家 microbiologist B篇 体裁 小说 字数 418 主题语境 本文隶属于“人与社会”主题语境下的“文学、艺术与体育”子主 题。 文章主旨 文章摘自美国科幻小说《龙蛋》，主要描述了Donald在周六晚上 的活动，同时提到了他从小对宇宙的好奇和现实条件的限制如何 导致了他现在从事航天器监督员的职业。这天晚上，他与同行 Jacqueline饮酒交谈，二人的对话体现了他们对宇宙探索的共同 的热情与着迷。 24.【A】细节理解题。题目问本文发生的场景是在哪里。根据第一段Donald lay back on the grass of the recently mowed lawn of the Griffith Park Observatory." 知，Donald正躺在一个草坪上，且通读全文可知，他与Jacqueline在草坪上进 行交谈等活动，故选A项。B选项：从第一段可知，Donald计划去Greek Theater,但他现在并不在那里，故B选项错误。C选项：文中未提到两位角色 在餐馆用餐或进行其他活动，故C选项错误。D选项：文中虽提到了spacecraft (航天器)，但明确说明Donald本人没有进行航天，故D选项错误。 25.【B】细节理解题。题目问Donald为何选择了他当前的工作。根据第二段 "Donald knew that since those days,his life had been fixed.He wanted to go to the stars!"以及第三段his persistence had garnered him one of the few jobs left in the field''可知，Donald从小到大对宇宙的持续着迷是他选择当前工作的一项重要原 因，故选B项。A选项文中未提到，故A选项错误。C选项：因为该工作会给 他去到星星那里的机会，不符合第三段“it now looked as if he would never get off the Earth himself'的表述，故C选项错误。D选项：因为宇宙探索在当时是一个 快速增长的行业，与第三段该行业had faltered'的描述相悖。 26.【D】推理判断题。题目问Donald的性格如何描述。根据第五段Donald的 想象可知，Donald富于想象力。根据第三段persistence''可知，Donald坚持不 懈，有决心毅力。故选D项。A选项：文中未体现Donald的勇敢或细心，故 A选项作物。B选项：文中未体现Donald的善良或敏感，故B选项错误。C选 项：文中确实体现了Donald对宇宙的热情，可以将他描述为enthusiastic,但是 未体现他的外向，故C选项错误。 27.【B】推理判断题。题目问从最后两段能推断出什么。根据You and I must be more alike than we realize,for I too sometimes dream that I am a spacecraft." 知，Donald和Jacqueline拥有着类似的对宇宙和航天的热情，以至于会幻想自 己是航天器，故选B项。A选项：Jacqueline虽然在倒数第二段中发笑，但应 该更多是觉得Donald的想法有趣而非荒唐滑稽，且倒数第一段说明她可以理解 Donald的想法，故A选项错误。C选项：文中的mad意为生气，Jacqueline是 在让Donald不要生气，而非担心他的疯狂，故C选项错误。D选项：第五段 中，Donald自愿地向Jacqueline说出了自己的想法与想象，文中无法看出他不 情愿向Jacqueline透露自己的渴望，故D选项错误。 【文章结构】 第一部分：Para.l;介绍时间地点的背景信息，引入主要角色，并介绍Donald 当晚安排。 第二部分：Paras.2-3;Donald开始出神和幻想，作者借此回顾Donald的兴趣与 职业的背景。 第三部分：Paras.4-7;Jacqueline与Donald进行对话，Donald描述他的想法与 想象，Jacqueline对其做出回应。 【单词积累】 迷人的 fascinating 撒；用..点缀sprinkle 流星 meteor 衰弱；衰退 falter 端详；凝视 contemplate 监控；监视 monitor 继续前进 push on 连续猛击 buffet 发出清脆的声音 tinkle 面带愧色地 shamefacedly C篇 体裁 说明文 字数 448 主题语境 本文隶属于“人与社会”主题语境下的子主题。 文章主旨 该文章讨论了科学家们创建了一种极简细菌Syn3.0,它只包 含了自由生存所需的基本基因组成部分，其中一些基因的生物 学功能尚未可知。J.Craig Venter研究所的研究人员从零开始 建立细菌，揭露了即使最简单的生物也有其复杂性。 28.【B】细节理解题。根据syn3.0锁定第二段。由The new work strips(剥离) the M.mycoides genome down to its essential elements before transplanting it to the M.capricolum shell,producing a minimal bacterium named syn3.0.”新的版本是将 M.mycoides基因组剥离，剩下最基本的元素，然后移植到M.capricolum 中，产生了一种名为Syn3.0的极简细菌。可知syn3.0产生于M. mycoides”,,而不是first synthetic organism的结果，B正确，C错误。本段说 "Researchers hope syn 3.0's will teach them more about the basics of biology." 家们希望能够通过3.0，让他们更了解生物学的基础，而不是说syn3.0本身就 被看作生物学的基础。A错误。本段“Such minimal genome bacteria also may be fundamental to build custom-made microbes for producing drugs or chemicals." 在未来“may be'”会被用于药物制作，而非“is used''已经用于药物制作，D错误。 29.【A】细节理解题。根据题目“all designs of the researchers'failed”定位到第 三段“every one of our designs failed'。“The failure was due to leaving genes of unknown function out of the mix.'可知是因为他们排除掉了很多对有机体十分重 要的基因。A正确。 30.【A】细节理解题。根据“Drew Endy'”定位到最后一段引言“只有当你尝试去 构建一样东西时，你才会发现真正所需的是什么。在生物学中，我们经常只是 得到了数据或者一个既成故事。当你真正尝试去构建一样东西时，你无法掩饰 自己的无知。”他之所以支持从零开始的方式，是因为只有这样才能理解生命真 正所需要的，A正确。但是这个方法只是让科学家认识到自己的知识性不足， 而不能够帮助科学家“克服无知”，D错误。倒数第二段最后一句the newly built microbe may be a good platform for discovering what genes of unknown function do" 提供了发现未知功能的平台，而非新基因的平台。B错误。“While other researchers have attempted to make minimal genomes by stripping away one gene at a time说明剥离方法依旧有效，C过度引申，错误。 【文章结构】 第一部分：Para.1引入了文章说明对象。 第二部分：Paras.2-4研究的具体过程，包括前期研究的失败原因，新研究路径 及研究发现和启示。 第三部分：Para.5对该研究的评价。 【单词积累】 基因成分 genetic ingredients 简单生物体simple organism 基因蓝图 genetic blueprints 复杂生命 complex life 基因组genome 最小要求 minimal requirements 合成生物体synthetic organism 缺乏知识 lack of knowledge 细菌 bacterium 分子生物学molecular biology 定制微生物custom-made microbes DNA片段pieces of DNA 核心基因集core set of genes 从零开始的方法made-fom-scratch 基因功能 genetic function approach 基因成分 genetic ingredients D篇 体裁 议论文 字数 439字 主题语境 本文隶属于“人与社会”主题语境下的常识子主题。 文章主旨 诉诸常识是政治的主旋律，但是宾夕法尼亚大学的两位计算社会 科学家指出真正的“常”识是个说不清道不明的事情。 31.【D】写作目的题。 第一段通过介绍1776年《常识》的发表帮助美国赢得独立战争引出话题， 第二段进一步说明诉诸常识是政治的主旋律，特别是当一名叛乱者希望将自己 与那些被认为是高高在上、脱离群众的精英区分开来时。但是在《美国国家科 学院院刊》上发表的一篇论文中，宾夕法尼亚大学的两位计算社会科学家马 克·惠廷和邓肯·沃茨指出，常识这个概念很少得到严谨的研究。因此前两段主 要是为了说明有必要对常识做进一步的深入研究，D选项正确。 32.【C】细节理解题。 本题考查研究结果，定位到原文5-7段。由第五段The more abstract the claims,the less likely participants were to agree that they were common sense." 知，抽象概念不易被认为是常识，所以A选项错误。由第六段Moreover,.a respondent's age,sex,income and personal politics had little effect on what they thought counted as common sense.可知，个人政治观点对他们认为什么算作常识 没什么影响，所以B选项错误。由第六段When they split the claims by subject, the researchers found that those concerning technology and science were the most likely to be rated as commonsensical..”可知，科学相关的论述容易被看作常识，所 以C选项正a确。由第七段“A stricter definition of common sense,in which everyone has to agree with a claim for it to count,cut that number to just 6.6%." 知，所有人都一致同意认作常识的只占6.6%，所以D选项错误。 33.【D】词义猜测题。 由第七段可知，研究者发现人群对于什么算常识的一致认同度要比大家原 本可能以为的低得多。语料库中只有大约44%的说法被至少75%的受访者评为 符合常识。如果对常识做更严格的定义，即在每个人都同意的情况才能说一种 表述是常识，那么这一数字将降至6.6%。如何划分这条界限才合理是一个有待 讨论的问题。但看起来，真正的“常”识是个说不清道不明的事情。A选项表示 “不可见的”；B选项表示“令人印象深刻的”；C选项表示“不可能的”；D选项表 示“难以定义、模糊不清的”。因此D选项正确。 34.【C】主旨概括题。 由2-3段可知，常识这个概念之前很少得到严谨的研究，而且常识的标准概 念有几分循环定义的味道：常识是理智人群认同的一系列主张，而理智人群则 是那些有常识的人。由5-7段的研究结果可知，人们对常识的认同度并没有想 象中那么高，因此常识并不是普遍常见的，C选项正确。 【文章结构】 第一部分：Paras.1-2,通过《常识》引出话题，指出研究目的 第二部分：Paras..3-4,介绍研究方法 第三部分：Paras.5-7,说明研究结果 【单词积累】 pamphlet n.小册子 appeal to... 诉诸.. sensible a.理智的 odd job 零工 corpus n.语料库 plausibly adv.看似合理地 perceptiveness n.感知力，洞察力 elusive a.难以解释的 七选五 语篇类型 说明文 字数 361词 主题语境 本文隶属于“人与自然主题语境下“自然科学研究成果”子主题 文章主旨 文章介绍了关于眼神接触的一些研究发现。 35.【D】承上启下+指代。前句涉及了婴儿和母亲间相互的眼神接是母子/母 女间建立依恋(attachment)的重要组成部分，而空格后句又提到it能在拥挤的 房间中吸引某人的注意，并且眼神接触加上笑容就发出可用性和自信的信号， 这明显不再是套路母婴间的交流，因此空格句应当开启了新的话题/角度：由此 可以筛选出D选项正确，“For adults''开启成年人间眼神接触的新角度， “pleasantly”“friendly'”也与后句的讨论倾向吻合。 36.【B】主旨句提炼。根据本段后文大意，研究显示，在面试中，目光方向被 记录，催产素会增加男性受试者与面试官眼神接触的次数。同时也在有自闭症 谱系症状的高功能男性中发现，他们倾向于避免眼神交流。由此可知，本段的 主旨是介绍关于眼神接触背后的生物学影响因素(biological factors),如催产 素，又如其在患有自闭症的高功能男性身上的不同表现等。故选择B。 37.【G】转折关系。从首两句可知，本段要讨论眼神接触的不同效果，包含正 反两方面。同时根据上句，“在友好的情况下，目光接触可能是一种联系或信任 的标志”，可知本句与上文构成转折，是在说明导致冲突/敌意的情况。故G选 项“然而，在冲突的情况下，这（眼神接触）更可能被解读为占据优势的威胁意 味”符合语境。 38.【C】承上启下+指代。前文大意：眼睛的注视是短暂的。我们的眼睛一次停 留在一个地方，停顿通常以每秒三次的速度发生，然后眼睛就跳到另一个点， 直到图像中的几个重要点像一系列快照一样被记录下来，而后文提及“t”也是当 前研究的主题；由此可知，某一关于眼睛如何注视成像的现象还没有被解释清 楚，仍然需要进一步的研究。故C选项“整个图像接下来是如何被组合和和感 知的仍然是一个谜”符合语境。 39.【A】承上启下。根据首句可知，本段聚焦患有神经过敏症的人群对于眼神 接触的特别反应。对于他们，眼神接触会触发回避的动作表现。而后句则围绕 该类人群与人目光接触的时间更短，同时当其他人不与其眼神接触时，其内心 会感到更舒适安全。这就涉及到该类人群关于眼神接触的感受（大脑）反应， 对应A选项中的brain reactions also differ.. 【文章结构】 Para.l:引入话题，点明主旨(what science reveals about eye contact). Para.2:眼神接触在婴儿和成年人中的表现 Para.3:眼神接触背后的生物学影响因素 Para.4:眼神接触可能引发正反两方面的解读 Para.5:眼神成像的过程 Para.6:特殊人群对于眼神接触的特别反应 【词汇积累】 challenging adj.挑起争端 instinctively adv.本能地 的，不赞同的 mutual adj.共同的，互 attachment n.依恋，爱慕 相的 gaze into 看（注视）向 gaze n.注视，凝视 aggressive adj.挑衅的 backfire v.产生事与愿违 的不良后果 fixation n.固定，停留 register v.登记；留下印 象 snapshot n.快照 score high in a test 在.…得分高 trigger v触发，引发 avoidance n.抗拒，回避 assemble v.组装 perceive v.感知 阅读表达 语篇类型 说明文 字数 304词 主题语境 本文隶属于“人与社会”主题语境下“人际沟通”子主题。 文章主旨 这段文字主要强调了在现代社会中，真正的倾听变得越来越罕 见。作者认为通过反思和留心，我们可以重新学会真正倾听。 40.考查细节理解。题目问什么因素导致了真正的倾听变得越来越罕见，通过 关键词the decline of genuine listening定位到文章第一段。由第一段l-2句可 知，“在一个被不断干扰和多重任务支配的时代，真正的倾听变得越来越罕见。 我们的注意力被分散，被工作、人际关系和全球事件不断地拉向千万个不同的 方向。故答案为：Factors include constant distractions and multitasking./Factors include non-stop demands of work,relationships,and the global events./Factors include constant distractions,multitasking and non-stop demands of work, relationships,and the global events. 评分标准： (1)constant distractions and multitasking non-stop demands of work, relationships,and the global events答出任何一点，或两点都答出，得2分；作答 与提问方式不匹配扣0.5分；内容不相关或不达意0分。 (2)语言：大错（如谓语动词）一个扣0.5分，小错（如拼写、虚词、标点)两 个扣0.5分，语言错误扣分不超过1。 41.考查细节理解。题目问为何在满负荷时进行沟通是有害的？通过关键词t capacity定位到文章最后一段。第1-2句指出即使在我们的头脑状态不佳或已满 9 负荷时，因为想讨好或者害怕让别人失望，而强迫自己进行沟通。随后一句指 出了这么做的危害，即“这种行为不仅不尊重我们自己的健康，也削弱了对话的 质量。”故答案为：Because it disrespects one's own well-being and undermines the quality of the conversation. 评分标准： (I)答案共两个要点：(I)disrespects one's own well-being(2)undermines the quality of the conversation,各1分，顺序可调换；作答与提问方式不匹配扣0.5 分，内容不相关或不达意0分。抄写多余信息不扣分。 (2)语言：大错（如谓语动词)一个扣0.5分，小错（如拼写、虚词、标点）两 个扣0.5分，语言错误扣分不超过1。 42.考查分析判断。根据第2-4段可知，重新做到真正倾听的办法包括：（1)验 证—共情地承认某人的情绪和经历；(2)转述—通过用自己的话转述别人 的话进行深思，捕捉信息的本质；(3)界限一在激动的讨论中把握住何时退 后一步。故错误应划线部分为：repeating(what someone has said)。有两种改 法，一种是将repeating划出，改为paraphrasing/reflecting back,另一种是划出 repeating what someone has said,改为capturing the essence of one's message。故 是解释为：According to the passage,paraphrasing/reflecting back what someone has said helps with genuine listening.According to the passage,capturing the essence of one's message helps with genuine listening. 评分标准： (I)划线正确只划repeating或划出repeating what someone has said,得1分；多 划、错划、波浪线不得分。 (2)修改后符合原文意义，切合statement内在逻辑，得2分。 (3)语言：大错（如谓语动词）一个扣0.5分，小错（如拼写、虚词、标点）两 个扣0.5分，语言错误扣分不超过1。 43.考查迁移创新。题目要求回答真正倾听给人们带来的好处。作答采取总-分 结构，可以选择介绍两种好处，各简要解释；或只介绍一种好处，详细阐释。 作答的切入点列举：enhanced understanding,improved communication, strengthened relationships,conflict resolution,reduced stress,personal growth. Possible version:Genuine listening is essential for resolving conflicts and builds stronger connections between individuals.When people feel heard and understood, they are more likely to feel valued and respected in the relationship.This fosters trust, empathy,and mutual respect,ultimately strengthening the bond between the parties involved. 评分标准： 分档 具体描述 一档 紧扣主题完成任务。语言准确、连贯，仅有个别错误 5 (<3)。 二档 贴近主题，基本完成任务。基本连贯，有少量语言错 3-4.5 误(3-5)，不影响理解。 三档 和主题相关，未完成任务。语言上有大量错误，影响 1-2.5 理解。 四档 0-0.5 所表达内容和主题完全不相关。 o 1)3处以内小错（名词单复数、三单、虚词）可以给满分；大错（时态、语 态、实词)酌情减分；语言合计最高减1分。 2)字数明显少或多扣1分。 【文章结构】 Para.1真正的倾听变得罕见，但仍有希望重新学会真正倾听。 Para.2积极倾听的核心—验证。 Para.3积极倾听的基石—转述。 Para.4沟通中的界限。 Para.5状态不佳时改变沟通时间。 【词汇积累】 dominate v. 主导 mindful adj. 留心的 fragment v. (使)碎裂 validation n. 验证 amidst prep. 在.中 cornerstone n. 基石 chaos n. 混乱 insightful adj. 富有洞察力的 charged adj. 极度兴奋的 headspace n. 内心世界 at capacity 满负荷 reschedule v. 重新安排 作文评分标准 内容8分 语言8分 结构4分 维度1：要点齐全 维度1：准确性：语法、拼 维度1：合理分段 维度2：详略得当 写、大小写、标点、搭配.… 维度2：详略得当 维度3：与主题相 一档文语言错误不多于4处， 维度3：句与句之间，段与 关度（思维品质 满分不多于2处；重复性错误 段之间的逻辑关系。合理使 和逻辑性表达) 算1处。 用必要的连接词语。 维度2：词汇的选择，语用 维度4：有交际意识即可， 非正式文体，一档文体现语气 不局限于开头结尾。缺失扣 的得体性。 分。 11