精品解析：Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 语法Grammar 一般过去时的被动语态-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元练习（外研版）

Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 一般过去时的被动语态 （时间：40分钟，满分：100分） 一、单项选择(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 1. —Why didn’t you attend the New Year’s party yesterday? —Because it ________ due to the sudden heavy snow. A. cancel B. canceled C. was canceled D. is canceled 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你为什么没参加昨天的元旦晚会？——因为晚会由于突降大雪被取消了。 考查动词时态和语态。根据问句中的“yesterday”可知，晚会取消发生在过去；且晚会与“取消”之间是被动关系（晚会是被取消的），因此需用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 2. — Nobody answered my phone this morning. Where were you? — Well, I________ to take part in the volunteer work. A. ask B. asked C. am asked D. was asked 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：——今天早上没人接我电话。你在哪儿？——哦，我被要求去参加志愿者工作了。 考查动词时态和语态。ask请求，原形；asked请求，过去式；am asked被请求，一般现在时被动语态；was asked被请求，一般过去时被动语态。根据问句“Where were you?”可知，对话谈论的是过去的情况，且答语中主语“I”与动词ask之间是被动关系，因此需用一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词。故选D。 3. —You really did a good job! —Yes. Over 30 trees ________ by us. A. plant B. were planted C. are planting 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你真的做得很好！——是的。我们种了30多棵树。 考查被动语态。根据“Over 30 trees...by us.”可知，主语“Over 30 trees”和谓语“plant”之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，且种树这个动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语是复数，be动词用were。故选B。 4. I am not sure when the bridge ________, but it is still strong. A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：我不确定大桥什么时候被修建的，但是它仍然很坚固。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语是“the bridge”与动词build是动宾关系，所以是被动语态，由于建造桥这件事发生在过去，所以是一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 5. —Do you hear about the new AI, Sora? —Yes, it ________ by the company OpenAI. A. develops B. is developing C. was developed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你听说新的人工智能Sora了吗？——是的，它是由OpenAI公司开发的。 考查被动语态。根据“by the company OpenAI”可知，新的人工智能是被OpenAI公司开发的，应用被动语态结构：be done。故选C。 6. Bruce grew up in the countryside. Most of his childhood ________ there. A. spends B. has spent C. is spent D. was spent 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：布鲁斯在农村长大。他的童年大部分时间都在那里度过。 考查时态语态辨析。根据“Bruce grew up in the countryside.”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构：was/were+动词的过去分词，主语是childhood。故选D。 7. It’s reported that the zebrafish ________ to space by the Shenzhou XVIII crew. A. brings B. brought C. was brought 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：据报道，这条斑马鱼是由神舟十八号载人飞船带到太空的。 考查时态及语态。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句的主语与谓语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，此处表示过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时。故选C。 8. Thanks to the passengers last night, the man ________ by the doctors in time. A. will be saved B. is saved C. was saved 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：多亏了昨晚的乘客，医生们及时救了那个人。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last night”可知，句子为一般过去时。由“the man...by the doctors in time”可知，应是男人被医生们拯救了，故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were done的结构。故选C。 9. Football ________ to our school subjects last term. A. is added B. adds C. was added D. added 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：上学期我们学校的科目增加了足球。 考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，主语与谓语之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；根据空后的“last term”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以空处用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 10. The telephone ________ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A. is invented B. invented C. was invented D. was inventing 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：电话是由亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔于1876年发明的。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“in 1876”可知为一般过去时；主语The telephone与谓语invent是被动关系，应为一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + done，主语为单数，应用was。故选C。 11. The panda Fu Bao _________ back to China from South Korea on April 3rd, 2024. A. is brought B. was brought C. will be brought 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：大熊猫“福宝”于2024年4月3日从韩国被带回中国。 考查被动语态。根据“on April 3rd, 2024”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动，结构是was/were+过去分词，故选B。 12. —Rose, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. —I’m sorry, but I ________ when to meet. A. don’t tell B. didn’t tell C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：——苏珊，你为什么还在这里，他们准备出发了。——抱歉，但没有人告诉我什么时候集合。 考查时态与语态。根据“but I...when to meet”可知，句子表述的是过去的事情，谓语动词用一般过去时；主语I是动作tell的承受者，表示“被告知”，所以用被动语态，故选D。 13. The sci-fi novel The Space-Time Painter _________ by Hai Ya. It helps the Chinese writer win an international prize. A. was written B. will be written C. has written D. written 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：科幻小说《时空画师》是海漄写的。它帮助中国作家赢得了国际奖项。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，动词write和主语之间是被动关系，结合语境可知，小说已经写过了，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。 14. The 2024 Two Sessions (两会) ________ in early March. They attracted worldwide attention. A. have held B. are held C. were held 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：2024年的两会在3月初举行。它们引起了全世界的关注。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“attracted”可知，两会举行发生在过去；主语“Two Sessions”与谓语动词hold“举行”之间是被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动。故选C。 15. I am happy I ________ to be the monitor of our class by my classmates. A. choose B. chose C. was chosen D. chosen 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我很高兴我被同学们选为我们班的班长。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“by my classmates”可知是被同学选为班长，应为被动语态；宾语从句遵循主现从不限原则，从句中事情已经发生过，应为一般过去时。故选C。 16. —A nice guitar! —Yeah. It ________ as a gift from my grandma. A. buys B. is bought C. bought D. was bought 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：——一把漂亮的吉他! ——是的。它是我奶奶送的礼物。 考查时态和语态。buys是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式；is bought一般现在时的被动语态；bought一般过去时；was bought 一般过去时的被动语态。结合题干可知吉他是从过去到现在，所以与过去有关，所以与一般过去时有关，排除A和B项；“吉他”与“买”是被动关系，所以与被动语态有关，排除C项。故选D。 17. An English speech ________ to children last week. A. gave B. give C. is given D. was given 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：上星期给孩子们做了一次英语演讲。 考查时态和语态。主语An English speech和谓语give之间是被动关系，根据“last week”可知句子用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。 18. The beautiful scarf ________ by my mother, I really enjoy wearing it. A. makes B. made C. is making D. was made 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这条漂亮的围巾是我的妈妈制作的，我真的喜欢戴着它。 考查被动语态。由句中的by可知应用被动语态，其结构为be done。故选D。 19. The record of running _______ by the young girl. We were all excited. A. broke B. break C. was broken D. is broken 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：这位年轻女孩打破了赛跑纪录。我们都很兴奋。 考查动词形式。broke打破，过去式；break原形；was broken过去时的被动语态；is broken现在时的被动语态。根据“We were all excited.”可知时态为一般过去时；主语“The record of running”与“打破”之间存在被动关系，因此此空是过去时的被动语态，故选C。 20. The photos on the wall ________ by my mother four years ago. A. took B. is taken C. was taken D. were taken 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：墙上的照片是我妈妈四年前拍的。 考查动词时态及语态。主语The photos与动词take构成被动关系，需用被动语态“be done”；根据“four years ago”可知时态为一般过去时，且主语是复数，所以用“were taken”，故选D。 二、单词拼写(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 21. This company ________ (found) by two young men. 【答案】was founded 【解析】 【详解】句意：这家公司是由两位年轻人创办的。found“创办”，根据“This company”可知，此处指的是公司被创办，动作发生在过去，为一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语为单数，be动词填was，动词改为过去分词founded。故填was founded。 22. The sports meeting ________ (hold) last month. 【答案】was held 【解析】 【详解】句意：运动会是上个月举办的。根据时间状语“last month”，句子应使用一般过去时。主语“The sports meeting” 是单数，且是动作的承受者，因此助动词用was，动词hold的过去分词为held。故填was held。 23. The old house ________ (turn) into a museum last year. 【答案】was turned 【解析】 【详解】句意：这座老房子去年被改造成了一座博物馆。根据“last year”以及提示词可知，“turn into”意为“变成”，主语“The old house”与“turn”之间是被动关系；时间状语“last year”表明句子用一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语为单数，be动词用was，turn的过去分词是turned。故填was turned。 24. The baby ________ (watch) grow bit by bit by the window cleaner. 【答案】was watched to 【解析】 【详解】句意：窗户清洁工看着这个婴儿一点点地长大。根据语境可知，此处表示“婴儿”被“窗户清洁工”看着一点点长大，主语“The baby”和谓语动词“watch”之间是动宾关系，且此句描述的是已经发生的事实，时态应用一般过去时，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+done”形式；watch sb. do sth.“看见某人做了某事(全过程)”的被动形式为sb. be watched to do sth.“某人被看到做某事(全过程)”，且主语为第三人称单数，因此空处应填was watched to。故填was watched to。 25. Last week, when I ________ (ask) about English culture by my friend, I couldn’t answer it well. 【答案】was asked 【解析】 【详解】句意：上周，当我的朋友问我关于英国文化的问题时，我没能很好地回答。根据“by my friend”可知是被问及关于英国文化的问题，结合“Last week”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，I后用be动词was，其后用过去分词asked。故填was asked。 26. Everyone ________ (move) deeply after they watched the movie —The Volunteers: peace last. 【答案】was moved 【解析】 【详解】句意：每个人在观看了电影《志愿军：雄兵出击》之后都被深深打动了。根据“after they watched the movie —The Volunteers: peace last”可知，该句时态为一般过去时；又因为主语“Everyone”和动词“move”之间是被动关系，即“每个人被打动”，要用一般过去时的被动语态，结构是“was/were + 过去分词”。主语“Everyone”是不定代词，作主语时谓语动词用单数，be动词用was，move的过去分词是moved。故填was moved。 27. The lighter ________ (use) to light the candle yesterday. 【答案】was used 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个打火机是昨天用来点燃蜡烛的。主语The lighter和谓语动词之间是被动关系，时间状语是“yesterday”，因此此处用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语动词构成是was/were+过去分词，主语是The lighter，be动词用was。故填was used。 28. The little girl ________ (save) by her neighbor from the fire. 【答案】was saved 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个小女孩被她的邻居从火灾中救了出来。save“拯救”，主语The little girl与save之间是被动关系，且事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were + 过去分词，主语是单数，be动词用was，save的过去分词是saved。故填was saved。 29. Yesterday Dr. Lee ______________ (ask) to tell us his trip to Africa at first. 【答案】was asked 【解析】 【详解】句意：昨天李博士首先被要求介绍他去非洲的旅行。根据时间状语“Yesterday”可知，句子为过去时态，李博士是被要求的对象，用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was。故填was asked。 30. The stone bridge ________ (build) over 800 years ago. 【答案】was built 【解析】 【详解】句意：这座石桥建于800多年前。主语是“The stone bridge”，应该是“被建”，结合“over 800 years ago”可知，该句考查一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were done”，主语是单数，be动词填was。故填was built。 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分) 31. People laughed at his long hair. (改为被动语态) His long hair ________ ________ at by people. 【答案】 ①. was ②. laughed 【解析】 【详解】句意：他的长发被人们嘲笑。原句是一般过去时，改为被动语态时，结构为“was/were+过去分词”。主语“His long hair”是单数，所以be动词用was。动词“laugh”的过去分词是laughed，构成被动结构“was laughed at”。故填was；laughed。 32. 一份详细的饮食计划上周已经给到我。 A detailed diet plan ________ ________ to me last week. 【答案】 ①. was ②. given 【解析】 【详解】根据中英文对照可知缺少“给”，英文表达为give，主语“一份详细的饮食计划”与谓语动词“给”之间是被动关系，且由“last week”可知是一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语plan是三单，be动词用was，give的过去分词是given。故填was；given。 33. My dad took my phone away. (主动变被动) ________________________________________ 【答案】My phone was taken away by my dad. 【解析】 【详解】句意：我爸爸把我的手机拿走了。原句是一般过去时，改为被动语态，需将原宾语“my phone”变为主语，谓语动词变为“be动词+过去分词”，主语“my phone”是单数，因此be动词用过去式was，动词短语“take away”的过去分词是taken away，原主语“My dad”变为“by my dad”，表示执行者。故填My phone was taken away by my dad. 34. They invited us to the party. (主动变被动) ________________________________________ 【答案】We were invited to the party by them. 【解析】 【详解】句意：他们邀请我们参加聚会。原句是一般过去时，改为被动语态，需将原句中的宾语“us”改为主语“we”，谓语变为“were invited”；to the party作状语，原句中的主语用“by them”表示，故填We were invited to the party by them. 35. They built a new playground last year. (主动变被动) ________________________________________ 【答案】A new playground was built by them last year. 【解析】 【详解】句意：他们去年新建了一个操场。原句是一般过去时，改为被动语态，需将宾语“a new playground”改为主语，谓语改为“was built”，原句的主语改为“by them”，last year“去年”作时间状语。故填A new playground was built by them last year. 36. Tom gave me a pair of gloves. (变为被动句) A pair of gloves was ________ ________ me. 【答案】 ①. given ②. to 【解析】 【详解】句意：汤姆给了我一副手套。原句为主动句，谓语动词是gave，其原形为give，give的被动结构是“be given”，原句时态为一般过去时，被动句中be动词应用was；give sth. to sb.表示“把某物给某人”，在被动句中，原句的直接宾语“a pair of gloves”变为被动句的主语，原句的间接宾语“me”在被动句中由“to”引出。故填given；to。 37. 你知道茶是偶然间被发明的吗？ Do you know tea ________ ________ by accident? 【答案】 ①. was ②. invented 【解析】 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，英文句子缺少“被发明”，应用被动语态，且茶是过去被发明的，应用一般过去时，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是：was/were+过去分词，主语“tea”是不可数名词，所以应用be动词was，动词invent意为“发明”，此处应用invent的过去分词invented。故填was；invented。 38. 联合国是什么时候成立的？ _______ _______ the UN founded? 【答案】 ①. When ②. was 【解析】 【详解】根据中英文对照可知此处缺少“什么时候”，when意为“什么时候”，句首字母大写，成立与联合国之间存在被动关系，即联合国被成立，所以此处考查被动语态的特殊疑问句结构，其基本结构为“when+be+主语+过去分词”，主语the UN为第三人称单数，且成立这一动作发生在过去，be动词用was。故填When；was。 39. 他们昨天被邀请去分享他们的想法。 They ________ ________ to share their ideas yesterday. 【答案】 ①. were ②. invited 【解析】 【详解】根据中英文对比可知，此处缺少“被邀请”。 invite“邀请”，是谓语动词，由中文可知句子的时态为一般过去时，语态为被动语态，所以谓语结构为“was/were+done”，而主语they为复数，be动词应用were，故填were；invited。 40. He set up a new factory last year. (改为被动语态) A new factory ________ ________ up by him last year. 【答案】 ①. was ②. set 【解析】 【详解】句意：他去年建了一家新工厂。原句时态为一般过去时，改为被动语态，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“be done”；主语是A new factory，助动词用was，set的过去分词为set。此处应填写was；set。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 一般过去时的被动语态 （时间：40分钟，满分：100分） 一、单项选择(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 1. —Why didn’t you attend the New Year’s party yesterday? —Because it ________ due to the sudden heavy snow. A. cancel B. canceled C. was canceled D. is canceled 2. — Nobody answered my phone this morning. Where were you? — Well, I________ to take part in the volunteer work. A. ask B. asked C. am asked D. was asked 3. —You really did a good job! —Yes. Over 30 trees ________ by us. A. plant B. were planted C. are planting 4. I am not sure when the bridge ________, but it is still strong. A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built 5. —Do you hear about the new AI, Sora? —Yes, it ________ by the company OpenAI. A. develops B. is developing C. was developed 6. Bruce grew up in the countryside. Most of his childhood ________ there. A. spends B. has spent C. is spent D. was spent 7. It’s reported that the zebrafish ________ to space by the Shenzhou XVIII crew. A. brings B. brought C. was brought 8. Thanks to the passengers last night, the man ________ by the doctors in time. A. will be saved B. is saved C. was saved 9. Football ________ to our school subjects last term. A. is added B. adds C. was added D. added 10. The telephone ________ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A. is invented B. invented C. was invented D. was inventing 11. The panda Fu Bao _________ back to China from South Korea on April 3rd, 2024. A. is brought B. was brought C. will be brought 12. —Rose, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. —I’m sorry, but I ________ when to meet. A. don’t tell B. didn’t tell C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told 13. The sci-fi novel The Space-Time Painter _________ by Hai Ya. It helps the Chinese writer win an international prize. A. was written B. will be written C. has written D. written 14. The 2024 Two Sessions (两会) ________ in early March. They attracted worldwide attention. A. have held B. are held C. were held 15. I am happy I ________ to be the monitor of our class by my classmates. A. choose B. chose C. was chosen D. chosen 16. —A nice guitar! —Yeah. It ________ as a gift from my grandma. A. buys B. is bought C. bought D. was bought 17. An English speech ________ to children last week. A. gave B. give C. is given D. was given 18. The beautiful scarf ________ by my mother, I really enjoy wearing it. A. makes B. made C. is making D. was made 19. The record of running _______ by the young girl. We were all excited. A. broke B. break C. was broken D. is broken 20. The photos on the wall ________ by my mother four years ago. A. took B. is taken C. was taken D. were taken 二、单词拼写(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 21. This company ________ (found) by two young men. 22. The sports meeting ________ (hold) last month. 23. The old house ________ (turn) into a museum last year. 24. The baby ________ (watch) grow bit by bit by the window cleaner. 25. Last week, when I ________ (ask) about English culture by my friend, I couldn’t answer it well. 26. Everyone ________ (move) deeply after they watched the movie —The Volunteers: peace last. 27. The lighter ________ (use) to light the candle yesterday. 28. The little girl ________ (save) by her neighbor from the fire. 29. Yesterday Dr. Lee ______________ (ask) to tell us his trip to Africa at first. 30. The stone bridge ________ (build) over 800 years ago. 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分) 31. People laughed at his long hair. (改为被动语态) His long hair ________ ________ at by people. 32. 一份详细的饮食计划上周已经给到我。 A detailed diet plan ________ ________ to me last week. 33. My dad took my phone away. (主动变被动) ________________________________________ 34. They invited us to the party. (主动变被动) ________________________________________ 35. They built a new playground last year. (主动变被动) ________________________________________ 36. Tom gave me a pair of gloves. (变为被动句) A pair of gloves was ________ ________ me. 37. 你知道茶是偶然间被发明的吗？ Do you know tea ________ ________ by accident? 38. 联合国是什么时候成立的？ _______ _______ the UN founded? 39. 他们昨天被邀请去分享他们的想法。 They ________ ________ to share their ideas yesterday. 40. He set up a new factory last year. (改为被动语态) A new factory ________ ________ up by him last year. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $