专题05 介词专题-2027年高考英语一轮复习语法冲刺宝典

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦介词专题，系统梳理时间、地点、方式等核心考点，按介词意义与用法构建知识体系，整合固定搭配与语境应用。通过课前检测诊断、考点分层讲解、真题训练巩固的教学流程，帮助学生突破介词用法繁杂的难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 资料以分层练习（基础、巩固、拔高）和语境化教学为特色，如对比时间介词in/on/at的用法差异，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。课前3分钟检测快速定位薄弱点，语篇型填空提升综合应用能力，确保有限时间内高效复习，助力学生精准应考，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰指导。

专题 05 介词专题--备战2027年高考英语一轮语法冲刺宝典 介词 prep. 介词虽然小，但是用法纷繁复杂。所以介词的学习 需要大量的记忆。简单来说介词的位置分为: 介词的宾语(用在介词后)，介词不能独立使用，在介词后须带有宾语。其宾语形式主要是名词，另外还有相当于名词的成分，比如代词、数词、动名词或动名词短语及名词性从句. 与介词搭配的词(用在介词前):与介词连用，置于介词前面的词主要有动词(depend on)、名词( pay attention to)和形容词( be kind to)。 根据介词的意义和用法，本章内容安排如下 【课前检测】（3mins) 1． spite of the heavy rain, thousands of fans still waited outside the stadium. 2．He was awarded a prize his outstanding performance in the research project. 3．For years, these volunteers have been fighting equal rights for women in society. 4．Many people admire him his courage and determination to overcome difficulties. 5．They are always arguing each other over small things, which makes others uncomfortable. 6．It was not easy for them to survive the freezing winter without enough food. 7．Most people are unfamiliar this new type of traditional art. 8．He stayed up late every day; a result, he fell ill suddenly. 9．His strong desire knowledge led him to the library every day. 10．I wasn’t a believer in this theory 2013, when I was fired and had a tough job search. 考点一：时间介询 1. in/on/at (1)in ①表示年、月、季节、世纪、上午、下午、晚上等 in 2011; in January; in summer; in the 21st century; in the morning/afternoon/evening ②“in十时间段”表示将来“......(时间)以后” I'll move to Beijing in two years. “after十时间段”也表示“......(时间)以后”，但常用于一般过去时中。 He got back from US after 2 weeks. ③固定短语中 in the future; in the end; in class; in the last...years; in a minute; in history;... (2)on 表示具体某日或某日的上午,下午、晚上 on Monday ;on May Day; on March 12th; on Sunday afternoon; on a cold morning (3)at ①表示具体时间点 at seven o'clock(7 : 00); at half past five(5:30) ②固定短语中 at noon; at night; at present; at the beginning(of): at the age of; at Christmas 2. since/for (1)since十时间点，表示从过去某时直至现在，主句常用现在完成时或过去完成时。 (2)for十时间段，表示动作的延续，主句常用现在完成时、过去完成时或一般过去时。 I have studied in the school for 2 years since l was 13 years old. 3. by/during/until (1)by 到......为止;by the time 到.....时为止; by the end of 到......末为止;by+将来时间点，主句 用一般将来时;by+过去时间点，主句用过去完成时，by+现在时间点，主句用现在完成时。 ①We'll have more robots by the end of 2025. ②I had rained for 2 hours by the time we arrived home. ③By now,we have learned 2000 English words. (2)during+时间段,在......期间，与延续性动词连用，表示某个期间的动作。 Some animals sleep during the day. until=till,直到......(时候)，后接时间点;否定句中 not until 直到......才......。 ① My teacher didn't tell us the answer until class was over. ③ 1 studied for the test until 12 : 00 last night. 考点二： 地点介话 1.方位介词in/on/to (1)in+较大地点;at+较小地点 When did you arrive in Shanghai? （2） be in the east/west/south/north of...(in 在境内）”在......的方位“ be on the east/west/south/north of...(on 接壤） Be to the east/west/south/north of...(to 不接壤） 2. “上下”介词 on/over/under/above/below (1)on在......上面，表示两者相接触 (2)over 在......正上方;反义词under在......正下方 (3)above在......上方(不一定垂直)，反义词 below在......下方(不一定垂直) ①The teacher put his book on the teacher's desk. ② We can build a bridge over the river.3My cat is lying under the chair. 考点三： 方式、手段、工具等介词 1.交通方式:by/in/on (1)by+交通工具单数形式; (2)on/in+限定词+交通工具单数形式 I go to school by bike. =I go to school on my bike. (提醒） on foot 步行; go to... on foot= walk to... 2.手段、工具:by/in/with/on (1)by+n.名词前无冠词:by heart/hand,on foot; (2)with/in+材料/语言名词前无冠词: Let's make some cards with paper. The book will come out in French. (3)with+具体工具:You can draw the pictures with a pencil. (提醒) with 可以表示“带有” Mr. Green has a big house with a garden. 译：中国是一个有悠久历史的国家。 __________________________________________________ 【过关检测】 1.Sleep might be one answer_______ the problem. 2.As we all know, Hangzhou, a beautiful city, won the bid_______September 16th 2015. 3.It's___ great importance to ask for help and let people know how you feel if you are worried or anxious. 4.On Sept.1, millions of parents watching the show disapproved of the “endless” ads delaying the show______12 minutes. 5.Walt Disney developed an early interest in drawing. He took art classes as a boy and got a job as a commercial designer _______the age of 18. 6.A total of 956 swimmers from 31 countries and regions________(include)the United States, Russia and Britain will take part in the enjoyable event. 【基础练习】 单句语法填空 1． Children should not be exposed too much online violence at an early age. 2． 2．Your coat is almost identical mine, but the colours are slightly different. 3． We should take action to bridge the generation gap parents and children. 4．We should show great respect the elderly and value their life experience. 5．Don’t judge a person only his appearance. 6．It took her a while to pick out the most suitable book all the books on the shelf. 7．The build-up waste gases leads to worse air pollution in big cities. 8．If it rains heavily, the river will overflow its banks in a short time. 9．He is never content what he has achieved and keeps pushing himself forward. 10．These works were intended to spread Buddhism and they are exceptional beauty and quality. 11．The story is based historical facts. 12．When you go tough times, you meet others facing similar challenges. 13．He explained why we should take the cultural differences account. 14． the freezing morning and the long road, the Guyuan No. 2 High School students firmly completed the 108-li journey to the heroes’ cemetery. 15．So come and experience Peru has to offer: everything from the ancient Inca culture and centuries-old Spanish villages deep rainforests, high mountains, and a beautiful coastline. 【巩固练习】 A单句填空 1．After Dolly, scientists have cloned more than 20 mammal species, (include) camels, cattle, deer, dogs, goats and mice. 2．Hard work and perseverance account his great success in his career. 3．Protecting the ecosystem is significance to the survival of human beings. 4．I will take advantage of this exam to reflect my learning methods. 5．I was so familiar his voice that I recognized him the moment I picked up the phone. 6．I am looking forward to a favorable reply your earliest convenience. 7．The Dragon Boat Festival, for example, is celebrated honor of Qu Yuan, a great poet living in the Warring States period of ancient China. 8．With over 20 team members working remotely, the manager finds it increasingly difficult to keep track everyone’s progress on the project. 9．The museum is located in a park which is surrounded many impressive buildings. 10．The ongoing overuse of smart devices has had a profound impact teenagers’ ability to think critically in academic settings. B完成句子 1．______ (多亏了) her assistance, we succeeded in starting the engine. (owe) 2．Martin speaks English fluently, which ________ him ________ ________ (使……与众不同) other students. 3．________ (从她的反应来看), she had known the news long before. 4．除了具备良好的品德，我们还应该对社会承担责任。 ________ good morals, we should also take responsibility for our society. 5．He managed to remain optimistic, ________ (尽管重重困难). 6．The city has changed ________ (让我难以辨认) since I left ten years ago. 7．由于下大雨，我们不得不取消了运动会。 ________________, we had to cancel the sports meeting. 8．我喜欢很多经典文学作品，比如《红楼梦》《百年孤独》《追风筝的人》，仅举几例。 I love many classic literary works, such as Dream of the Red Chamber, One Hundred Years of Solitude, The Kite Runner, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 9．我也根据我们制定的预算预订了住宿。 I’ve also booked ________ based ________ ________ ________ we made. 10．The monument was built ________ ________ ________ ________ (为了纪念那些(人)) who sacrificed their lives for the country. 【拔高练习】 A专项语篇型填空(介词和介词短语) As we know, water is very important_1_____man. However， when my classmates and I went to town together _ 2_ bike one Saturday , we found many car washes on both sides of the road. Now towns are badly short3 _______fresh water. We should save every drop of water4_______our daily life. Water, especially fresh water, is very important to us. We should be clear_5______ the fact and I hope the government can take measures to solve the problem as soon as possible. Do you agree 6______ me on this point? As students , we should do our part 7_______ protecting water. Firstly , we should get into a habit of saving water, electricity and paper. Moreover, recycle whatever we can,8 _____the water that has been used. Last but not least, don't forget to influence those9_______you to follow, and raise their awareness of saving water! If we don't act now to protect water, it will run out one day, which will be a threat 10______ the survival of us human beings. B语法填空 Passage 1 Nowadays when faced 1_____ health or nutrition (营养) questions, people probably turn2_____ the Interet _3_____ help. But they may get some wrong advice online, which is very dangerous!4 ______addition, search engines show clicking rates looking into5_______(popular)rather6______accuracy(准确).So useful advice cannot be easy to find. It is well worth checking whether the advice is helpful7______all, anyone can call themselves8______ diet expert, and even a doctor. But remember, only officially recognized doctors and dietitians(营养学家)have the right to give medical 9 _______(suggest).So if you are unsure , you'd better visit a doctor. Go10_______ the right place, and the real answers can be found. Passage2 Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting. In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake 1 (consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other 2 the cheeks. This is also common in France, 3 the act is called faire labise. However, this is not 4 universal rule. During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate, 5 (leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is for friends 6 (hug) each other – something I was not used to. Hugs always make me 7 (frighten) because I don’t really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing 8 (stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as well. Wouldn’t it be 9 (enjoy) to have a greeting code that is 10 (wide) acceptable? I’m not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding. Passage3 Fido, a little dog,was very anxious to get the favor on his master. He took care, however,  neither to be troublesome, 1 would he follow him into the living room unless he was asked. He also tried to make 2 (he) useful to his kind master. He would drive away strange pigs and other animals 3 came into the yard． Once when his master was sick, Fido 4 (lie) at the room door and did not leave, even to get his food．When his master was well enough, Fido 5 (admit) into the room, and showed so many signs of joy that his master was more fond 6 him than ever． Fido even had a chance of 7 (save) his master's life． His master was sleeping in a summerhouse with Fido at his side． Suddenly 8 dog saw the wall shake, and dirt fall from the ceiling． Fido knew that there was danger, and began barking 9 ( awake) his master． As this did not succeed, he jumped up, and 10 ( gentle) bit his finger． His master had just time to get out of the door when the whole building fell． Fido was hurt by some of the rubbish． And his master had him kindly taken care of till he got well． 参考答案 【课前检测】 1．In 【详解】句意：尽管下着大雨，仍有成千上万的球迷在体育场外等待着。前面表示在下大雨，天气恶劣，后面说粉丝仍等在体育馆外，前后为明显的转折关系，短语介词in spite of意为“尽管，虽然”，符合句意，注意句首字母大写。 2．for 【详解】句意：他因为在这个研究项目中表现出色而获奖。空后内容说明获奖的原因，介词for可以表示‌“因为、由于”。 3．for 【详解】句意：多年来，这些志愿者一直在为争取女性在社会中的平等权利而奋斗。fight for 是固定搭配，意为“为……而奋斗”。 4．for 【详解】句意：许多人钦佩他克服困难的勇气和决心。此处为固定搭配admire sb. for sth.，表示“因某事钦佩某人”，for用来引出钦佩的原因。 5．with 【详解】句意：他们总是为小事互相争吵，这让其他人感到很不舒服。固定搭配argue with sb.意为“与某人争吵”，空处需填介词with。 6．through 【详解】句意：没有充足的食物，他们很难熬过这个严寒的冬天。分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配：survive through“熬过、挺过（艰难时期 / 寒冬等）”，符合语境。 7．with 【详解】句意：大多数人不熟悉这种新式传统艺术。固定搭配be unfamiliar with意为“对…… 不熟悉、不了解”，空处需填介词with。 8．as 【详解】句意：他每天都熬夜，结果，他突然生病了。as a result是固定短语，意为“结果、因此”。 9．for 【详解】句意：他强烈的求知欲每天引领他去图书馆。空处后为名词knowledge，desire后常接介词for，构成固定搭配desire for...，意为“对……的渴望”。 10．until 【详解】句意：在此之前，我一直不相信这个理论。直到 2013 年，我被解雇了，并且经历了一段艰难的求职过程，那时我才开始相信这个理论。句型not...until...表示“直到……才”。 【基础练习】 1．to 【详解】句意：儿童在幼年时期不应接触过多的网络暴力。此处为固定搭配be exposed to，意为“接触、暴露于”，所以此处使用介词to。 2．to/with 【详解】句意：你的外套几乎和我的一模一样，只是颜色稍有不同。此处为固定搭配be identical to/with，意为“与……相同”符合句意，所以此处使用介词to/with。 3．between 【详解】句意：我们应该采取行动来弥合父母与孩子之间的代沟。between...and...是固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”。 4．for 【详解】句意：我们应当对老年人怀有极大的敬意，并珍视他们的生活阅历。show respect for“尊重，对……表示尊敬”是固定搭配。 5．by/from 【详解】句意：不要只凭外表来判断一个人。此处是固定搭配judge sb. by/from sth.，表示“根据或凭……来判断某人”。 6．from 【详解】句意：她花了一段时间才从书架上所有的书中挑选出最合适的一本。固定搭配pick out...from...，意为“从……中挑选出……”，因此填入介词from。 7．of 【详解】句意：废气在大城市中的积聚导致空气污染更加严重。此处是固定搭配the build-up of...，表示“……的积聚；积累”，of用来引出build-up的具体内容。 8．over 【详解】句意：如果雨下得很大，河流很快就会漫过河岸。此处表示“漫过”用overflow over。 9．with 【详解】句意：他从不满足于自己已取得的成就，并且不断鞭策自己继续前进。be content with“对……满足”是固定搭配，空处填介词with。 10．of 【详解】句意：这些作品原本是为了传播佛教而创作的，它们具备出众的美感与品质。‌“be of +抽象名词”是固定结构，用来描述人或事物的特征。 11．on 【详解】考查介词。句意：这个故事基于历史事实。固定搭配be based on 意为“以……为基础；基于……”。故填on。 12．through 【详解】句意：当你经历艰难时刻时，你会遇到面临相似困境的人。固定搭配go through，意为“经历；度过”。 13．into 【详解】句意：他解释了我们为什么要把文化差异考虑在内。此处为固定搭配take…into account，意为“把……考虑在内”，所以此处使用介词into。 14．Despite 【详解】句意：尽管清晨严寒、路途漫长，固原二中的学生们还是坚定走完了前往烈士陵园的108里路程。分析句子可知，前后存在让步转折关系，设空处后接名词短语，需填入表示“尽管”的介词，despite符合语境，句首单词首字母大写。 15． what to 【详解】句意：快来体验秘鲁所能带给你的一切：从古老的印加文化、百年西班牙古村落，到幽深雨林、巍峨群山与秀丽海岸线。分析句子可知，第一空experience后接宾语从句，从句Peru has to offer中 offer缺宾语，what在从句中作宾语，意为“…… 的事物”。第二空为固定搭配from...to...“从……到……”，是固定短语。 【巩固练习】 A单句填空 1．including 【详解】句意：多利羊之后，科学家已经克隆出20多种哺乳动物，包括骆驼、牛、鹿、狗、山羊和老鼠。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定用法including + 列举对象，用介词including，表“包括”，后接列举的名词，符合语境。 2．for 【详解】句意：努力工作和坚持不懈是他事业取得巨大成功的原因。固定短语account for表示“解释；说明（原因、理由等）”，本空用介词for。 3．of 【详解】句意：保护生态系统对人类的生存具有重要意义。be of significance“具有重要意义”，相当于be significant，本空应填介词of。 4．on 【详解】句意：我将利用这次考试来反思我的学习方法。reflect on“反思”是固定搭配，空处填介词on。 5．with 【详解】句意：我对他的声音非常熟悉，一接起电话就认出了他。be familiar with为固定搭配，意为“对……熟悉”，空处需填介词with。 6．at 【详解】句意：我期待着您能尽快给予满意的答复。短语at one’s earliest convenience表示“在方便的时候尽早地做某事”。 7．in 【详解】句意：例如，端午节就是为了纪念屈原而设立的。屈原是古代中国战国时期的一位杰出诗人。短语in honor of表示“为纪念”。 8．of 【详解】句意：由于20多名团队成员远程办公，经理发现越来越难跟进每个人的项目进度。keep track of“掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态，跟进……”是固定搭配。 9．by/with 【详解】句意：博物馆位于一个被大量令人印象深刻的建筑包围的公园内。be surrounded by/with表示“被……包围”，为固定短语。 10．on 【详解】句意：持续过度使用智能设备对青少年在学术环境中批判性思考的能力产生了深远的影响。表示“对……的影响”，用固定短语have an impact on，本空用介词on。 B完成句子 1．Owing to 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：由于她的帮助，我们成功地发动了发动机。根据提示词owe及汉语提示可知，用固定短语owing to“幸亏，由于，多亏”，句首单词，首字母大写。故填Owing to。 2． sets apart from 【详解】句意：Martin英语说得很流利，这让他与其他学生与众不同。根据汉语提示“使……与众不同”可知，空处用固定短语set… apart from，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，且为第三人称单数形式。 3．Judging by her reaction/Judging from her reaction 【详解】句意：从她的反应来看，她早就知道这个消息了。“从……来看”常用固定短语judging by/from…，这是一个独立成分，不受句子主语的人称和时态影响；“她的反应”作宾语，用名词短语her reaction。 4．Apart from 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“除了”，apart from表示“除……之外（还）”，符合语境，且位于句首，首字母需大写。 5．in spite of all the difficulties / despite all the difficulties 【详解】句意：尽管重重困难，他设法保持了乐观。空处作状语，表示“尽管”用介词（短语）despite/in spite of，其后接all the difficulties“重重困难”作宾语。 6．beyond my recognition 【详解】句意：自从我十年前离开这座城市以来，它已经变得让我难以辨认了。空处作状语，表示“让……难以辨认，面目全非”用介词短语beyond one’s recognition，表示“我的”用代词my。 7．As a result of the heavy rain 【详解】表示“由于……”用as a result of，“大雨”用heavy rain，作宾语，此处为特指，应用定冠词the修饰，句首单词首字母大写。 8． to name but a few 【详解】根据句意，此处表示“仅举几例”需用固定短语to name but a few。 9． accommodation on the budget 【详解】考查名词和固定短语。根据句意以及句子结构可知，该句第一空为名词accommodation“住宿”作宾语，第二处应为固定短语on the budget“按照预算”。故分别填accommodation；on；the；budget。 10． in memory of those 【详解】句意：这座纪念碑是为了纪念那些为国家献出生命的人民而建造的。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为固定短语in memory of 意为“为了纪念”，后接 those对应“那些”，满足句意要求。 【拔高练习】 Passage2 1．is considered 2．on 3．where 4．a 5．leaving 6．to hug 7．frightened 8．strangers 9．enjoyable 10．widely 【分析】本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历和例子讲述了不同的国家有非常不同的问候方式。 1．考查时态语态。句中主语a firm handshake和动词consider是被动关系，此处作谓语用被动语态。表示客观事实，与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填is considered。 2．考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊，在脸上用介词on。故填on。 3．考查定语从句。句中包含定语从句，先行词是France，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，故填where。 4．考查冠词。句中rule是可数名词单数形式，此处表示一种普遍的规律，universal开头是辅音因素，故填a。 5．考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词leave是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语，故填leaving。 6．考查动词不定式。句中What is common here是主语从句，此处强调具体的动作用不定式作表语。故填to hug。 7．考查形容词。句意：拥抱总是让我很害怕，因为我不喜欢拥抱。修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词，故填frightened。 8．考查名词。stranger是单数可数名词，此处表示泛指用复数形式，故填strangers。 9．考查形容词。句意：有一个被广泛接受的问候代码不是很令人愉快吗?此处表示“令人愉快的”用形容词作表语，故填enjoyable。 10．考查副词。修饰形容词acceptable用副词，指广泛接受的，故填widely。 Passage3 1．nor 2．himself 3．which/that 4．lay 5．was admitted 6．of 7．saving 8．the 9．to awake 10．gently 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了一条名叫Fido的狗，经过努力，赢得主人喜爱的故事。 1．考查固定搭配。句意：但是，他很小心，既不惹麻烦，也不会进入主人的房间—除非主人允许。该题考查neither…nor…固定搭配，意为“既不……也不……”。故填nor。 2．考查反身代词。句意：他努力使自己对主人来说有用。该空作make的宾语，且指主语本身，故应用反身代词。故填himself。 3．考查定语从句。句意：他会赶走来到院子里的奇怪的猪和其他动物。“　　3　　came into the yard”是定语从句，修饰strange pigs and other animals，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which/that引导该从句。故填which/that。 4．考查动词时态。句意：有一次，他的主人生病了，Fido躺在房门前，甚至不出去觅食。该空作谓语，且根据前面的时间状语可知，该空叙述的是发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时态。故填lay。 5．考查动词时态和语态。句意：Fido被允许进入房间。该空在句中作谓语，主语Fido和admit之间是被动关系，且根据该句时间状语，该句应用一般过去时态。故填was admitted。 6．考查介词。句意：他的主人比以前更加喜欢他。该题考查be fond of(喜欢)这个固定搭配。故填of。 7．考查动名词。句意：Fido甚至有机会挽救主人的生命。该空作介词of的宾语，应用动名词。故填saving。 8．考查冠词。句意：突然，这条狗看见墙在晃动。该处特指上文提到的Fido，表特指，用定冠词the。故填the。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：他开始狂吠，想要唤醒主人。“______9______( awake) his master”是目的状语，表目的，用动词不定式。故填to awake。 10．考查副词。句意：他跳起来，轻轻地咬他的手指。该空修饰bit，修饰动词用副词，故填gently。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $