专题05 阅读理解之说明文与议论文（期末真题汇编，天津专用）八年级英语下学期

**基本信息** 该试卷为八年级下期末阅读理解专题汇编，精选天津各区期末真题，包含7篇说明文与议论文，涵盖科技（机器人舞蹈）、自然科学（月球起源）、文化（珍珠奶茶、侗族大歌）等主题，通过真实情境提升语言理解与文化感知能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|35题（每篇5题）|细节理解（如机器人功能）、词义猜测（如“flavours”）、主旨大意（如科技与文化融合）、推理判断（如情绪处理方法）|情境具时代性，如AI机器人舞蹈、非遗侗族大歌；问题设计有梯度，从基础信息提取到深层文化理解，适配八年级期末考要求，汇编自天津滨海新区、河东区等多区真题，真实性强。|

专题05 阅读理解之说明文与议论文 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·天津滨海新区·期末） During the Spring Festival Gala (盛会) of the Year of the Snake, robots put on a Yangge-folk dance. The show was very creative because it mixed traditional Chinese culture with modern technology (科技). Many people loved it and thought highly of the show. The famous Chinese director Zhang Yimou directed the show. There were 16 robots made by a Chinese company called Unitree. The robots wore colorful jackets in the style of northeastern China. They danced with human dancers from the Xinjiang Art Institute. The robots looked like humans and could do more than just move. They twisted (扭动) their waists (腰), kicked their legs, and even spun (旋转) handkerchiefs in their hands. Their moves were fast and smooth, and everyone was surprised. These robots are called Unitree H1. They are special robots made by Unitree. The company said the robots use AI technology to control their bodies. They are very strong and can use a lot of power to move their joints. With special technology, they can see anything around them and know where they are. They can also “understand” music using AI. This means they can change their dance moves to match the music perfectly. Unitree named the robots “Fuxi”. This name sounds like a mythical (神话的) ancestor (祖先) in Chinese culture. It shows how technology can bring good things to our lives. Everyone who watched the show was surprised at how technology and tradition could work together in such a beautiful way. 1．Who directed the robot Yangge-folk dance during the Gala? A．Zhang Ziyi. B．Zhang Yimou. C．Ang Lee. D．Steven Spielberg. 2．Which company made the robots? A．Unitree. B．Hanson Robotics. C．Boston Dynamics. D．UBTECH. 3．What can the Unitree H1 robots do according to the passage? A．They can talk like humans. B．They can only move their arms. C．They can twist, kick, and spin handkerchiefs. D．They can fly high like a bird in the open air. 4．Why did Unitree name the robots “Fuxi”? A．Because Fuxi is a popular hero in modern novels. B．Because Fuxi is the name of the technology company. C．Because Fuxi is a mythical ancestor in Chinese culture. D．Because Fuxi is a famous scientist in Ancient China. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To describe the way to make the Unitree H1 robots. B．To see who is better at dancing-robots or humans. C．To introduce the famous Chinese director Zhang Yimou. D．To show how technology and culture mix in robot Yangge. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·天津部分区·期末） We have always been interested in the moon. 2000 years ago, people already knew that the moon moves around the earth. At that time, people watched the moon carefully in the sky, but they didn’t know where it was from. When scientists could use telescopes (望远镜) to study the moon more carefully, their ideas began to change. They could see the rocks on the moon. Most scientists thought moon rocks would be different from those on the earth. This was because they believed the moon had once been a planet, then the earth’s gravity caught the moon millions of years ago. In 1969, people brought moon rocks to the earth and studied. Much to their surprise, scientists found that, except for water, the same things made the moon and the earth. Once again people need new ideas for this new information. After years of study, most scientists now think that the moon was once part of the earth. They believe very early in its history, maybe 4 billion years ago, something about the size of Mars hit the earth. This sent billions of rocks into space around our planet. These rocks slowly joined together and after many years became the moon. In the future, maybe our ideas about the moon may change again, but we will still be interested in it. 1．What did people know 2000 years ago? A．Mars hit the earth. B．The moon was made of rocks. C．The earth moved around the moon. D．The moon moves around the earth. 2．What does the word “gravity” mean in Paragraph 2? A．引力 B．时尚 C．鼓舞 D．华丽 3．Why did scientists changed their ideas after 1969? A．Because they used telescopes. B．Because they went to the moon. C．Because no one could bring moon rocks. D．Because they studied the rocks from the moon. 4．Most scientists now think that the moon was once part of ________. A．Mars B．a rock C．the earth D．a telescope 5．What do you know from the passage? A．Mars moves around the earth. B．The earth doesn’t have gravity. C．The ideas about the moon are changing. D．The different things make the moon and the earth. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·天津55中·期末） Bubble tea is from Taiwan, China. It’s like a drink and a snack (小吃) in one cup. It’s winning fans around the world. To enjoy bubble tea, you will likely need a wide straw (吸管). Why? To get a fun surprise! Bubble tea is made with tea, of course. It also has milk, and often ice. But here’s what makes bubble tea really special. There are chewy (耐嚼的) things in it. They’re usually at the bottom of the cup. Most often, they are sweet balls made of tapioca (木薯淀粉). Some people think the balls look like bubbles (泡泡). That’s how the drink got its name. Others say it’s called bubble tea because of the bubbles on top of the drink. They appear when the drink is shaken. Bubble tea was invented in Taiwan in the 1980s. People loved it. Soon it became popular in other places in Asia. In the 1990s, bubble tea shops started appearing in the US. Now, these shops are on the rise all over the world. Thinking of trying a bubble tea? Get ready to face a lot of hard but tasty decisions. Some shops offer over a hundred flavours. Would you like strawberry or banana? Or maybe you’re up for chocolate? You could go for the classic milk tea, of course. And there are lots of other things you can choose to put in too, like red beans. You might need a break after making all those decisions. Guess what? A bubble tea shop can be a great place to relax. Some young people go to these shops with friends to play games or study. So in more ways than one, bubble tea can be a sweet part of life. 1．Which of the following makes bubble tea special? A．The ice. B．The milk. C．The wide straw. D．The chewy things. 2．What happened in the 1990s? A．Bubble tea shops appeared in the US. B．People in Taiwan invented bubble tea. C．People in Asia began to like bubble tea. D．Bubble tea shops were found around the world. 3．The word “flavours” Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．how the drink tastes B．where people can buy the drink C．how much the drink costs D．who sells the drink to customers 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Bubble tea is too sweet for some people. B．People can relax themselves in a bubble tea shop. C．A bubble tea shop can help people make new plans. D．People of all ages would like to go to bubble tea shops. 5．Why did the writer write this passage? A．To introduce a popular drink. B．To give advice on making drinks. C．To tell a story behind a special drink. D．To make a report on people’s favourite drinks. Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·河东区·期末） Yellowstone National Park is in the northwest of the United States. It is the first national park in the world and one of the largest. The park is famous for its natural beauty, including mountains, forests and hot springs (温泉). Many visitors enjoy hiking, camping, and watching wildlife. Yellowstone is home to many animals, such as bears, wolves and bison (野牛). The weather in Yellowstone can change quickly, so visitors need to be prepared for all kinds of conditions. Yellowstone is not just beautiful—it is also special (特别). Over half of the world’s active geysers (间歇泉) are found here. In winter, Yellowstone becomes a snowy land, and visitors can go skiing or watch steam rise from the hot springs into the cold air. The park’s rivers, valleys and waterfalls attract (吸引) millions of people every year. Photographers and nature lovers come to visit it, and scientists study its nature. Yellowstone reminds (提醒) us why protecting nature is so important. 1．Which of the following is right about Yellowstone National Park? A．It’s in the northeast of the United States. B．It’s in the northwest of the United States. C．It’s the smallest park in the world. D．It’s the first national park in China. 2．What is the weather like in Yellowstone? A．It changes quickly. B．It’s cold all the year. C．It often rains. D．It is always spring. 3．What makes Yellowstone special? A．Tall trees. B．Mountains. C．Active geysers. D．Wildlife. 4．Which activity can visitors do in Yellowstone during winter? A．Surfing. B．Skiing. C．Swimming. D．Shopping. 5．Why does the author write this passage? A．To explain how many visitors are here. B．To discuss the history of the park. C．To compare Yellowstone with other national parks. D．To introduce Yellowstone. Passage 5 （24-25八年级下·西青区·期末） Last summer, I joined a summer program in my university. I travelled to Oxford, England to take a Shakespeare course at Oxford University. Oxford is a small town with beautiful old buildings. It was such an amazing experience to meet a new culture and I often found myself falling into deep thinking about everything new around me. Even though I was abroad, I wasn’t on vacation. There was a lot of work to do, such as writing and exams. But studying abroad allowed me to experience a new way of learning. I got to see plays at Shakespeare’s Globe in London and the Royal Shakespeare Company in Stratford. I love reading Shakespeare, and watching his plays in the theatre was great for my learning because it helped me understand the great works better. The summer programme was, of course, mainly about study. However, there was time for fun. We had classes every morning from Monday to Thursday, so we could be free in the rest of time. Although we had so much studying, some people including me took trips to different countries around Europe because travelling is much cheaper there. It took me almost a school year to fill out applications (申请) and prepare myself for going abroad. I have never travelled internationally before I got this great chance. I also developed many friendships with my new friends and they will last a lifetime. The experience has been my best part of summer so far! 1．Why did the writer go to England last summer? A．To join in a summer programme. B．To visit his or her relatives. C．To travel in London. D．To buy a new house for his or her parents. 2．Why was watching Shakespeare’s plays in the theatre great for the writer’s learning? A．Because the plays can make the writer happy. B．Because the plays can help the writer understand better. C．Because the writer had tickets. D．Because the plays were free to see. 3．How long did the writer have classes in a week? A．Four weekends. B．Four afternoons. C．All weekdays. D．Four mornings. 4．What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A．Many friendships. B．My summer programme. C．The learning experiences. D．Trips to different countries 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The long history of Oxford University. B．The ways to prepare for studying abroad. C．The writer’s study life in Oxford University. D．How to make friends in England. Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·西青区·期末） Will it matter if you don’t have your breakfast? Some scientists in the United States did a test a short time ago. People of different ages, from 12 to 83, were asked to have the test. During the test, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Scientists wanted to see how well their bodies worked when they had different kinds of breakfasts. The results show that if a person eats a right breakfast, he or she will work better than if he or she has no breakfast. If a student has fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen more carefully in class. The results also show that having no breakfast will not help people lose weight. This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch. So they will gain weight instead of losing weight. 1．Why did the scientists do the test in the United States? A．To find out how people of different ages like breakfast. B．To find out if it would matter for people who didn’t have breakfast. C．To find out which kind of breakfast is the most delicious. D．To find out how to help people lose weight. 2．Which age group of people had the test? A．From 1 to 12. B．From 12 to 83. C．From 83 to 93. D．From 20 to 50. 3．What do the results of the test show? A．Breakfast is not important at all. B．Having no breakfast can make people work better. C．Breakfast is very important. D．Only students need to have a good breakfast. 4．What can we know about having no breakfast from the passage? A．It will help people lose weight. B．It will make people feel strong all day. C．It will not help people lose weight. D．It will help people save money. 5．Why don’t people lose weight when they don’t have breakfast? A．Because they eat too much for lunch. B．Because they eat less for lunch. C．Because they sleep more in the afternoon. D．Because they do more exercise in the afternoon. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河西区·期末） Every year, a lot of children in the USA go to summer camps. Some go to play outdoors in the woods, in the mountains or on lakes. But families now have many choices of special camps. These can be in the middle of nature or a big city. Special camps offer young people the chances to learn about different subjects. In technology camps, one subject that children can learn about is video game design. They learn how to use computer programs to create games of their own. One program that teaches video game design is called Cyber camp. Children can learn how to design their own virtual(实际上的) worlds to set their video game in. Then, they program their own rules and objects into the game. Cyber camp also offers courses in robot building and Web design. A recent story in the Washington Post described how one child made a robot that could sing a song. Another made a robot that could follow a black line drawn on a piece of cardboard. Also, children can learn how to make Web sites. One child made a site for Pokémon, one of his favourite cartoon shows. 1．Traditional camps are ________. A．in the woods B．in the mountains C．on lakes D．all the above 2．Special camps offer young people the chance to learn about ________. A．only space B．only science C．only medicine D．different subjects 3．In Cyber camps a child made a robot that could ________. A．sing B．dance C．speak D．draw 4．Which one is NOT true according to the passage? A．There are many special camps in the USA now. B．Families prefer traditional camps to special camps. C．Special camps can be in the middle of nature or a big city. D．In technology camps,children can create games of their own. 5．The best title for the passage is ________. A．Traditional Camps B．Special Camps C．Summer Camps D．Summer Holiday Passage 3 Do you like going into the forest? If you go into the forest with friends, you’d better stay with them. If you get lost, maybe the following will help you. Sit down and stay where you are. Don’t try to find your friends—let them find you by staying in one place. There is another way to help your friends or other people to find you. You can shout or whistle (吹口哨) three times. Stop. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal (信号) given three times is a call for help. You should always keep shouting or whistling three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making a noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They will give you two shouts or two whistles. When a signal is given twice, it is an answer to a call for help. If you don’t think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house with branches (树枝). Make yourself a bed with leaves and grass. When you need some water, you have to leave your little branch house to look for it. Don’t just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk in order to go back again easily. When you are lost, the most important thing to do is to stay in one place. 1．If you get lost in the forest, you should ________. A．try to find your friends as soon as possible B．stay in one place and give signals C．walk around the forest D．telephone your friends 2．When you hear two shouts or whistles, you know that ________. A．someone is afraid of an animal B．people will come to help you C．someone has nothing to do D．someone needs help 3．Why do you need to pick off small branches and drop them when looking for water? A．To make a path for others to follow. B．To make a bed with them. C．To build a little house with them. D．To help you find your way back easily. 4．If you can’t get help before night comes, you shouldn’t ________. A．make a branches house B．just walk to find some food C．use small branches to guide your back way when you walk away D．make a bed with leaves and grass 5．The main idea of the passage is ________. A．how to travel in the forest B．how to spend the night in the forest C．what you should do if you are lost in the forest D．how to help others in the forest Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·红桥区·期末） Everyone has bad feelings, such as anger, worry, or sadness. But do you know how to deal with your bad emotions (情绪)? ※ Breathing (呼吸): Imagine that you smell a flower, and then blow up a balloon. Keep doing it and you can calm down. ※ Moving: Do some exercise, such as jumping and running. Sweating helps you relax. ※ Talking: Talk to others when you feel worried. ※ Hugging: Hug your parents, friends, or your pets. They can make you feel safe. ※ Drawing: Paint your feelings with color pens. Remember that you are the master of your emotions, so you should be responsible (负责任的) for your bad emotions. You know where the problem is, and next time you can do better. You will feel hopeful this way. Have a try 1．How many ways are there to deal with bad emotions? A．6. B．5. C．4. D．3. 2．If you are worried, what can you do? A．Smell a flower. B．Do some exercise. C．Talk to others. D．Blow up a balloon. 3．If you want to feel safe, what might be a good way? A．Breathing. B．Drawing. C．Moving. D．Hugging. 4．What should be responsible for your bad emotions? A．Yourself. B．Your parents. C．Your friends. D．Your pets. 5．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To tell us how to keep pets. B．To tell us how to calm down. C．To tell us how to deal with bad emotions. D．To tell us how to paint your feelings. Passage 5 （24-25八年级下·南开区·期末） A student stuck a note on his classmate’s back while they were having a break one day. The note said “I’m stupid”. He asked the rest of his classmates not to tell the boy. The other students started laughing at the boy but wouldn’t say why. Soon, it was time for their afternoon math class. Their teacher wrote a difficult problem on the blackboard. No one was able to solve it except the boy with the note on his back. He paid no attention to the laughter and walked toward the blackboard to write the answer. The teacher asked the class to clap (鼓掌) for him and took the note off his back. She told him, “It seems that you didn’t know about the note your classmate put on your back, but you didn’t seem to care anyway.” Then the teacher looked at the rest of the class and said. “Before I punish (惩罚) you all, let me tell you two things. First, some people don’t want you to succeed and they will label (贴标签) you at one point or another. All you have to do is ignore (忽视) these labels. So you have to take every chance to learn, grow and improve.” “And it seems that none of you are friends with this boy since none of you were kind enough to tell him about the note. If that’s true, then you’d better hope that you have some good friends yourself. Otherwise (否则), you might be the one with a note stuck on your back someday and no one will tell you.” 1．Why did the teacher ask the boy to go to the blackboard? A．Because the boy couldn’t answer the question. B．Because the boy laughed at his classmates in class. C．Because the teacher wanted to take off the note. D．Because only the boy could solve the problem. 2．Why didn’t the boy pay attention to the classmates’ laughter? A．He was too busy with solving the math problem. B．He already knew about the note but didn’t care. C．The teacher told him not to pay attention to others. D．He thought the laughter was for someone else. 3．What does the underlined phrase “at one point or another” mean? A．sometime in the future B．in the end C．at the same time D．over time 4．What did the teacher mean by the first point? A．Punishment is not the only way to help you learn. B．Being labeled can stop you from succeeding C．Don’t care too much about others’ opinions of you. D．Take every chance to show yourself to others. 5．What is the key point of the teacher’s second suggestion? A．There’s no need to make friends. B．Friends can’t always help you C．Friendship comes first in life D．Friends may help you in a difficult time. Passage 6 （24-25八年级下·南开区·期末） In spring, some people wear T-shirts while others are in down coats (羽绒服). It seems that people feel different temperatures on the same day. Why does this happen? In fact, people don’t feel air temperature directly. There are sensors (传感器) on our skin (皮肤) that can feel cold, cool, warm, and hot temperatures. These sensors are also found in our noses and bodies. When bodies are the same size, how much body fat we have can be different and influence (影响) how we feel temperatures. The more body fat one has, the warmer he or she feels. This is because the fat under the skin helps keep heat. For example, old people often feel colder than young people as the fat layer under the skin gets thinner with age. Surprisingly, another reason is height. We need blood to move around our bodies to keep us warm. Since most people’s hearts are about the same size, it takes more effort (力气) and time for the blood to move around in taller people. So taller people might feel colder. Metabolism (新陈代谢) also influences how we feel temperatures. It shows how fast our bodies use energy. People with a higher metabolism always feel hotter than others. This is because they produce more heat and may take more time to cool down. For example people with more muscles (肌肉) often feel warmer. 1．How do people feel air temperature? A．With their nose. B．With sensors on their skin. C．With their body fat. D．With their energy. 2．Why do old people feel cold more easily? A．Because their bodies get smaller. B．Because they have thinner skin C．Because they have less fat under their skin. D．Because they can’t keep heat. 3．According to the passage, who is most likely to feel cold? A．A tall, thin person. B．A strong, muscular person. C．A short, thin person. D．A tall, fat person. 4．What is the structure of the story? A． B． C． D． 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Old people often feels colder than young people. B．Why do people react differently to the same air temperature? C．Why do people feel cold? D．Metabolism doesn’t influences how we feel temperatures. Passage 7 （24-25八年级下·河北区·期末） The Dong people have passed down (传承) the Grand Song of the Dong ethnic group (侗族大歌) for over 2,500 years. The Grand Song is an important part of their culture. In 2009, UNESCO included it in the list of intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产名录). The Dong people mainly live in Guizhou Province in Southwest China and mostly work as farmers. They passed down their stories and knowledge (知识) from long ago through songs, because they didn’t have a way to write them down until 1958. Even today, it is still very popular. Also, the Dong people believe that the Grand Song is like food for their spirit (精神). The Grand Song doesn’t need any instruments (乐器) or a leader to guide the singers. It’s all about the voices of the singers and how they sing together. They usually sing in groups of as few as three people or as many as several hundred. They like to sing in the open air and take turns singing different parts. The songs can be about the group’s history or their everyday life. The Dong people first sang the Grand Song at an international event, the Paris Autumn Festival, in 1986. People spoke highly of the performance, and then, more and more people in the world fell in love with the art. Every year, many tourists go to Dong villages to enjoy the traditional songs. It benefits the Dong people and helps them make lots of money. So they are living much better than before. But some are wondering if the Grand Song is changing when the Dong people perform (表演) more and more shows for tourists’ enjoyment. What should people do to keep the song the same as before? 1．When did UNESCO include the Grand Song in the list of intangible cultural heritage? A．In 1958. B．In 1986. C．In 2009. D．In 2015. 2．Why did the Dong people pass down their knowledge through songs? A．Because they loved singing. B．Because they didn’t have a way to write. C．Because they mostly worked as farmers. D．Because they didn't show interest in writing. 3．What is special about the Grand Song? A．It is hard to understand. B．It needs all kinds of instruments. C．It includes thousands of performers. D．It has no leaders to guide the singers. 4．The word “benefits” in the last paragraph means “________”. A．improves one’s life B．checks one’s level C．avoids one’s mistake D．forms one’s friendship 5．What is one problem with the Grand Song? A．It is not popular among foreign tourists. B．It is always about people’s everyday life. C．It cannot win prizes at international events. D．It may change and lose what makes it special. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解之说明文与议论文 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·天津滨海新区·期末） During the Spring Festival Gala (盛会) of the Year of the Snake, robots put on a Yangge-folk dance. The show was very creative because it mixed traditional Chinese culture with modern technology (科技). Many people loved it and thought highly of the show. The famous Chinese director Zhang Yimou directed the show. There were 16 robots made by a Chinese company called Unitree. The robots wore colorful jackets in the style of northeastern China. They danced with human dancers from the Xinjiang Art Institute. The robots looked like humans and could do more than just move. They twisted (扭动) their waists (腰), kicked their legs, and even spun (旋转) handkerchiefs in their hands. Their moves were fast and smooth, and everyone was surprised. These robots are called Unitree H1. They are special robots made by Unitree. The company said the robots use AI technology to control their bodies. They are very strong and can use a lot of power to move their joints. With special technology, they can see anything around them and know where they are. They can also “understand” music using AI. This means they can change their dance moves to match the music perfectly. Unitree named the robots “Fuxi”. This name sounds like a mythical (神话的) ancestor (祖先) in Chinese culture. It shows how technology can bring good things to our lives. Everyone who watched the show was surprised at how technology and tradition could work together in such a beautiful way. 1．Who directed the robot Yangge-folk dance during the Gala? A．Zhang Ziyi. B．Zhang Yimou. C．Ang Lee. D．Steven Spielberg. 2．Which company made the robots? A．Unitree. B．Hanson Robotics. C．Boston Dynamics. D．UBTECH. 3．What can the Unitree H1 robots do according to the passage? A．They can talk like humans. B．They can only move their arms. C．They can twist, kick, and spin handkerchiefs. D．They can fly high like a bird in the open air. 4．Why did Unitree name the robots “Fuxi”? A．Because Fuxi is a popular hero in modern novels. B．Because Fuxi is the name of the technology company. C．Because Fuxi is a mythical ancestor in Chinese culture. D．Because Fuxi is a famous scientist in Ancient China. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To describe the way to make the Unitree H1 robots. B．To see who is better at dancing-robots or humans. C．To introduce the famous Chinese director Zhang Yimou. D．To show how technology and culture mix in robot Yangge. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国导演张艺谋在蛇年春晚上执导的机器人秧歌舞表演，展示了传统文化与现代科技的结合。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“The famous Chinese director Zhang Yimou directed the show.”可知，中国著名导演张艺谋执导了这个节目。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“There were 16 robots made by a Chinese company called Unitree.”可知，机器人由中国公司Unitree制造。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“They twisted their waists, kicked their legs, and even spun handkerchiefs in their hands.”可知，机器人能做扭动、踢腿和旋转手帕的动作。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第4段“This name sounds like a mythical ancestor in Chinese culture.”可知，“Fuxi”是中国神话中的祖先。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。全文围绕机器人秧歌舞展开，重点描述科技与文化的融合。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·天津部分区·期末） We have always been interested in the moon. 2000 years ago, people already knew that the moon moves around the earth. At that time, people watched the moon carefully in the sky, but they didn’t know where it was from. When scientists could use telescopes (望远镜) to study the moon more carefully, their ideas began to change. They could see the rocks on the moon. Most scientists thought moon rocks would be different from those on the earth. This was because they believed the moon had once been a planet, then the earth’s gravity caught the moon millions of years ago. In 1969, people brought moon rocks to the earth and studied. Much to their surprise, scientists found that, except for water, the same things made the moon and the earth. Once again people need new ideas for this new information. After years of study, most scientists now think that the moon was once part of the earth. They believe very early in its history, maybe 4 billion years ago, something about the size of Mars hit the earth. This sent billions of rocks into space around our planet. These rocks slowly joined together and after many years became the moon. In the future, maybe our ideas about the moon may change again, but we will still be interested in it. 1．What did people know 2000 years ago? A．Mars hit the earth. B．The moon was made of rocks. C．The earth moved around the moon. D．The moon moves around the earth. 2．What does the word “gravity” mean in Paragraph 2? A．引力 B．时尚 C．鼓舞 D．华丽 3．Why did scientists changed their ideas after 1969? A．Because they used telescopes. B．Because they went to the moon. C．Because no one could bring moon rocks. D．Because they studied the rocks from the moon. 4．Most scientists now think that the moon was once part of ________. A．Mars B．a rock C．the earth D．a telescope 5．What do you know from the passage? A．Mars moves around the earth. B．The earth doesn’t have gravity. C．The ideas about the moon are changing. D．The different things make the moon and the earth. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了随着技术的发展人们对月球的研究和认识不断加深。 1．细节理解题。根据“2000 years ago, people already knew that the moon moves around the earth.”可知，在两千年前人们就知道月球绕着地球转，故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据“caught the moon millions of years ago”可以推测此处指地球的引力抓住了月球，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“In 1969, people brought moon rocks to the earth and studied.”及“Once again people need new ideas for this new information.”可知，科学家们研究了来自月球的岩石而改变了想法，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“After years of study, most scientists now think that the moon was once part of the earth.”可知，现在大多数科学家认为月球曾经是地球的一部分，故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“Once again people need new ideas for this new information.”及“In the future, maybe our ideas about the moon may change again”可知，关于月亮的看法一直在改变，故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·天津55中·期末） Bubble tea is from Taiwan, China. It’s like a drink and a snack (小吃) in one cup. It’s winning fans around the world. To enjoy bubble tea, you will likely need a wide straw (吸管). Why? To get a fun surprise! Bubble tea is made with tea, of course. It also has milk, and often ice. But here’s what makes bubble tea really special. There are chewy (耐嚼的) things in it. They’re usually at the bottom of the cup. Most often, they are sweet balls made of tapioca (木薯淀粉). Some people think the balls look like bubbles (泡泡). That’s how the drink got its name. Others say it’s called bubble tea because of the bubbles on top of the drink. They appear when the drink is shaken. Bubble tea was invented in Taiwan in the 1980s. People loved it. Soon it became popular in other places in Asia. In the 1990s, bubble tea shops started appearing in the US. Now, these shops are on the rise all over the world. Thinking of trying a bubble tea? Get ready to face a lot of hard but tasty decisions. Some shops offer over a hundred flavours. Would you like strawberry or banana? Or maybe you’re up for chocolate? You could go for the classic milk tea, of course. And there are lots of other things you can choose to put in too, like red beans. You might need a break after making all those decisions. Guess what? A bubble tea shop can be a great place to relax. Some young people go to these shops with friends to play games or study. So in more ways than one, bubble tea can be a sweet part of life. 1．Which of the following makes bubble tea special? A．The ice. B．The milk. C．The wide straw. D．The chewy things. 2．What happened in the 1990s? A．Bubble tea shops appeared in the US. B．People in Taiwan invented bubble tea. C．People in Asia began to like bubble tea. D．Bubble tea shops were found around the world. 3．The word “flavours” Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．how the drink tastes B．where people can buy the drink C．how much the drink costs D．who sells the drink to customers 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Bubble tea is too sweet for some people. B．People can relax themselves in a bubble tea shop. C．A bubble tea shop can help people make new plans. D．People of all ages would like to go to bubble tea shops. 5．Why did the writer write this passage? A．To introduce a popular drink. B．To give advice on making drinks. C．To tell a story behind a special drink. D．To make a report on people’s favourite drinks. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文讲述了奶茶来自中国台湾，并在世界各地赢得了粉丝。 1．细节理解题。根据“But here’s what makes bubble tea really special. There are chewy (耐嚼的) things in it.”可知耐嚼的东西就是奶茶真正特别的地方。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“In the 1990s, bubble tea shops started appearing in the US.”可知20世纪90年代，奶茶店开始出现在美国。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Some shops offer over a hundred flavours. Would you like strawberry or banana? Or maybe you’re up for chocolate?”可知是指一些商店提供一百多种口味。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“A bubble tea shop can be a great place to relax.”可知奶茶店是放松身心的好地方。故选B。 5．推理判断题。本文讲述了奶茶来自中国台湾，并在世界各地赢得了粉丝。因此是为了介绍一种受欢迎的饮料。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·河东区·期末） Yellowstone National Park is in the northwest of the United States. It is the first national park in the world and one of the largest. The park is famous for its natural beauty, including mountains, forests and hot springs (温泉). Many visitors enjoy hiking, camping, and watching wildlife. Yellowstone is home to many animals, such as bears, wolves and bison (野牛). The weather in Yellowstone can change quickly, so visitors need to be prepared for all kinds of conditions. Yellowstone is not just beautiful—it is also special (特别). Over half of the world’s active geysers (间歇泉) are found here. In winter, Yellowstone becomes a snowy land, and visitors can go skiing or watch steam rise from the hot springs into the cold air. The park’s rivers, valleys and waterfalls attract (吸引) millions of people every year. Photographers and nature lovers come to visit it, and scientists study its nature. Yellowstone reminds (提醒) us why protecting nature is so important. 1．Which of the following is right about Yellowstone National Park? A．It’s in the northeast of the United States. B．It’s in the northwest of the United States. C．It’s the smallest park in the world. D．It’s the first national park in China. 2．What is the weather like in Yellowstone? A．It changes quickly. B．It’s cold all the year. C．It often rains. D．It is always spring. 3．What makes Yellowstone special? A．Tall trees. B．Mountains. C．Active geysers. D．Wildlife. 4．Which activity can visitors do in Yellowstone during winter? A．Surfing. B．Skiing. C．Swimming. D．Shopping. 5．Why does the author write this passage? A．To explain how many visitors are here. B．To discuss the history of the park. C．To compare Yellowstone with other national parks. D．To introduce Yellowstone. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了黄石国家公园，它是世界上第一个国家公园，介绍了它的地理位置、气候、生态、旅游资源等。 1．细节理解题。根据“Yellowstone National Park is in the northwest of the United States.”可知，黄石国家公园在美国的西北部。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The weather in Yellowstone can change quickly,”可知，黄石国家公园的天气变化很快。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Yellowstone is not just beautiful—it is also special (特别). Over half of the world’s active geysers (间歇泉) are found here.”可知，活跃的间歇泉让黄石国家公园变得特别。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“In winter, Yellowstone becomes a snowy land, and visitors can go skiing or watch steam rise from the hot springs into the cold air.”可知，在冬天，游客可以在黄石国家公园滑雪。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“Yellowstone National Park is in the northwest of the United States.”及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了黄石国家公园，故作者写这篇文章是为了介绍黄石国家公园。故选D。 Passage 5 （24-25八年级下·西青区·期末） Last summer, I joined a summer program in my university. I travelled to Oxford, England to take a Shakespeare course at Oxford University. Oxford is a small town with beautiful old buildings. It was such an amazing experience to meet a new culture and I often found myself falling into deep thinking about everything new around me. Even though I was abroad, I wasn’t on vacation. There was a lot of work to do, such as writing and exams. But studying abroad allowed me to experience a new way of learning. I got to see plays at Shakespeare’s Globe in London and the Royal Shakespeare Company in Stratford. I love reading Shakespeare, and watching his plays in the theatre was great for my learning because it helped me understand the great works better. The summer programme was, of course, mainly about study. However, there was time for fun. We had classes every morning from Monday to Thursday, so we could be free in the rest of time. Although we had so much studying, some people including me took trips to different countries around Europe because travelling is much cheaper there. It took me almost a school year to fill out applications (申请) and prepare myself for going abroad. I have never travelled internationally before I got this great chance. I also developed many friendships with my new friends and they will last a lifetime. The experience has been my best part of summer so far! 1．Why did the writer go to England last summer? A．To join in a summer programme. B．To visit his or her relatives. C．To travel in London. D．To buy a new house for his or her parents. 2．Why was watching Shakespeare’s plays in the theatre great for the writer’s learning? A．Because the plays can make the writer happy. B．Because the plays can help the writer understand better. C．Because the writer had tickets. D．Because the plays were free to see. 3．How long did the writer have classes in a week? A．Four weekends. B．Four afternoons. C．All weekdays. D．Four mornings. 4．What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A．Many friendships. B．My summer programme. C．The learning experiences. D．Trips to different countries 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The long history of Oxford University. B．The ways to prepare for studying abroad. C．The writer’s study life in Oxford University. D．How to make friends in England. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者在牛津大学参加暑期课程的学习和生活经历。 1．细节理解题。根据“Last summer, I joined a summer program in my university. I travelled to Oxford, England to take a Shakespeare course at Oxford University.”可知，作者去英格兰是为了参加暑期课程。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“I love reading Shakespeare, and watching his plays in the theatre was great for my learning because it helped me understand the great works better.”可知，观看莎士比亚的戏剧有助于作者更好地理解作品。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“We had classes every morning from Monday to Thursday, so we could be free in the rest of time.”可知，作者每周有四个上午的课程。故选D。 4．词义猜测题。根据“I also developed many friendships with my new friends and they will last a lifetime.”可知，划线词“they”指的是“many friendships”。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了作者在牛津大学参加暑期课程的学习和生活经历。故选C。 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·西青区·期末） Will it matter if you don’t have your breakfast? Some scientists in the United States did a test a short time ago. People of different ages, from 12 to 83, were asked to have the test. During the test, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Scientists wanted to see how well their bodies worked when they had different kinds of breakfasts. The results show that if a person eats a right breakfast, he or she will work better than if he or she has no breakfast. If a student has fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen more carefully in class. The results also show that having no breakfast will not help people lose weight. This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch. So they will gain weight instead of losing weight. 1．Why did the scientists do the test in the United States? A．To find out how people of different ages like breakfast. B．To find out if it would matter for people who didn’t have breakfast. C．To find out which kind of breakfast is the most delicious. D．To find out how to help people lose weight. 2．Which age group of people had the test? A．From 1 to 12. B．From 12 to 83. C．From 83 to 93. D．From 20 to 50. 3．What do the results of the test show? A．Breakfast is not important at all. B．Having no breakfast can make people work better. C．Breakfast is very important. D．Only students need to have a good breakfast. 4．What can we know about having no breakfast from the passage? A．It will help people lose weight. B．It will make people feel strong all day. C．It will not help people lose weight. D．It will help people save money. 5．Why don’t people lose weight when they don’t have breakfast? A．Because they eat too much for lunch. B．Because they eat less for lunch. C．Because they sleep more in the afternoon. D．Because they do more exercise in the afternoon. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国科学家进行的一项关于吃早餐对人体影响的测试，分析了不同年龄的人吃不同早餐后的身体反应和工作表现，并探讨了不吃早餐是否有助于减肥的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据“Will it matter if you don’t have your breakfast? Some scientists in the United States did a test a short time ago.”可知，科学家进行测试是为了研究不吃早餐是否会对人体产生影响。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“People of different ages, from 12 to 83, were asked to have the test.”可知，参与测试的年龄范围是从12岁到83岁。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“The results show that if a person eats a right breakfast, he or she will work better than if he or she has no breakfast.”以及后文提到学生吃早餐后学习效率更高，可推断测试结果表明早餐非常重要。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“The results also show that having no breakfast will not help people lose weight.”可知，不吃早餐并不能帮助人们减肥。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch. So they will gain weight instead of losing weight.”可知，不吃早餐的人在中午会因为过度饥饿而吃太多午餐，反而导致体重增加。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河西区·期末） Every year, a lot of children in the USA go to summer camps. Some go to play outdoors in the woods, in the mountains or on lakes. But families now have many choices of special camps. These can be in the middle of nature or a big city. Special camps offer young people the chances to learn about different subjects. In technology camps, one subject that children can learn about is video game design. They learn how to use computer programs to create games of their own. One program that teaches video game design is called Cyber camp. Children can learn how to design their own virtual(实际上的) worlds to set their video game in. Then, they program their own rules and objects into the game. Cyber camp also offers courses in robot building and Web design. A recent story in the Washington Post described how one child made a robot that could sing a song. Another made a robot that could follow a black line drawn on a piece of cardboard. Also, children can learn how to make Web sites. One child made a site for Pokémon, one of his favourite cartoon shows. 1．Traditional camps are ________. A．in the woods B．in the mountains C．on lakes D．all the above 2．Special camps offer young people the chance to learn about ________. A．only space B．only science C．only medicine D．different subjects 3．In Cyber camps a child made a robot that could ________. A．sing B．dance C．speak D．draw 4．Which one is NOT true according to the passage? A．There are many special camps in the USA now. B．Families prefer traditional camps to special camps. C．Special camps can be in the middle of nature or a big city. D．In technology camps,children can create games of their own. 5．The best title for the passage is ________. A．Traditional Camps B．Special Camps C．Summer Camps D．Summer Holiday 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了美国新兴的一些特殊的训练营，他们为年轻人提供了学习不同学科的机会，从太空探索到商业到医学。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Some go to play outdoors at traditional camps in the woods, in the mountains or on lakes.”可知，传统的户外野营一般在森林、山上或湖泊，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段“Special camps offer young people the chance to learn about different subjects.”可知，特殊训练营为年轻人提供了学习不同学科的机会，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“A recent story in the Washington Post described how one child made a robot that could sing a song. ”可知，一个孩子制造出一个可以唱歌的机器人，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Some go to play outdoors at traditional camps in the woods, in the mountains or on lakes. But families now have many choices of special camps. These can be in the middle of nature or a big city.”可知，有些人去树林里、山上或湖边的传统户外营地玩耍。但现在家庭有很多选择特殊营地。这些地方可以在大自然的中心，也可以在大城市。文中并没有提及他们倾向于传统夏令营，故选B。 5．最佳标题题。通过全文可知，这篇短文主要介绍的是特殊训练营，故选B。 Passage 3 Do you like going into the forest? If you go into the forest with friends, you’d better stay with them. If you get lost, maybe the following will help you. Sit down and stay where you are. Don’t try to find your friends—let them find you by staying in one place. There is another way to help your friends or other people to find you. You can shout or whistle (吹口哨) three times. Stop. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal (信号) given three times is a call for help. You should always keep shouting or whistling three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making a noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They will give you two shouts or two whistles. When a signal is given twice, it is an answer to a call for help. If you don’t think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house with branches (树枝). Make yourself a bed with leaves and grass. When you need some water, you have to leave your little branch house to look for it. Don’t just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk in order to go back again easily. When you are lost, the most important thing to do is to stay in one place. 1．If you get lost in the forest, you should ________. A．try to find your friends as soon as possible B．stay in one place and give signals C．walk around the forest D．telephone your friends 2．When you hear two shouts or whistles, you know that ________. A．someone is afraid of an animal B．people will come to help you C．someone has nothing to do D．someone needs help 3．Why do you need to pick off small branches and drop them when looking for water? A．To make a path for others to follow. B．To make a bed with them. C．To build a little house with them. D．To help you find your way back easily. 4．If you can’t get help before night comes, you shouldn’t ________. A．make a branches house B．just walk to find some food C．use small branches to guide your back way when you walk away D．make a bed with leaves and grass 5．The main idea of the passage is ________. A．how to travel in the forest B．how to spend the night in the forest C．what you should do if you are lost in the forest D．how to help others in the forest 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍在森林里迷路时应该怎么做。 1．细节理解题。根据“You can shout or whistle (吹口哨) three times. Stop. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal (信号) given three times is a call for help.”可知在森林里迷路时，应该坐下来待在原地和发出求救信号。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“When a signal is given twice, it is an answer to a call for help.”可知，当一个信号连续发出两次时，这就意味着是对求救信号的回应。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk in order to go back again easily. ”可知，扔下小树枝，以便很容易再回来。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“If you don’t think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house with branches (树枝). Make yourself a bed with leaves and grass.”以及“Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk in order to go back again easily.”可知，如果你觉得在夜幕降临之前得不到帮助，那就试着用树枝搭建一个小窝。用树叶和草给自己搭一张床，扔下小树枝，以便很容易再回来，故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“If you get lost, maybe the following will help you.”可知，文章主要介绍在森林里迷路时应该怎么做，故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·红桥区·期末） Everyone has bad feelings, such as anger, worry, or sadness. But do you know how to deal with your bad emotions (情绪)? ※ Breathing (呼吸): Imagine that you smell a flower, and then blow up a balloon. Keep doing it and you can calm down. ※ Moving: Do some exercise, such as jumping and running. Sweating helps you relax. ※ Talking: Talk to others when you feel worried. ※ Hugging: Hug your parents, friends, or your pets. They can make you feel safe. ※ Drawing: Paint your feelings with color pens. Remember that you are the master of your emotions, so you should be responsible (负责任的) for your bad emotions. You know where the problem is, and next time you can do better. You will feel hopeful this way. Have a try 1．How many ways are there to deal with bad emotions? A．6. B．5. C．4. D．3. 2．If you are worried, what can you do? A．Smell a flower. B．Do some exercise. C．Talk to others. D．Blow up a balloon. 3．If you want to feel safe, what might be a good way? A．Breathing. B．Drawing. C．Moving. D．Hugging. 4．What should be responsible for your bad emotions? A．Yourself. B．Your parents. C．Your friends. D．Your pets. 5．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To tell us how to keep pets. B．To tell us how to calm down. C．To tell us how to deal with bad emotions. D．To tell us how to paint your feelings. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了应对不良情绪的几种方法，包括呼吸、运动、倾诉、拥抱和绘画等，并强调要对自己的情绪负责。 1．细节理解题。根据文章中列出的应对不良情绪的方法，包括“Breathing”“Moving”“Talking”“Hugging”“Drawing”，可知一共有5种方法。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章中“Talking: Talk to others when you feel worried.”可知，当你感到担忧时，可以和其他人交谈。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章中“Hugging: Hug your parents, friends, or your pets. They can make you feel safe.”可知，拥抱能让你感到安全。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文章中“Remember that you are the master of your emotions, so you should be responsible (负责任的) for your bad emotions.”可知，你应该对自己的不良情绪负责。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章开头“But do you know how to deal with your bad emotions (情绪)?”以及后文介绍的各种应对不良情绪的方法，可知文章主要目的是告诉我们如何应对不良情绪。故选C。 Passage 5 （24-25八年级下·南开区·期末） A student stuck a note on his classmate’s back while they were having a break one day. The note said “I’m stupid”. He asked the rest of his classmates not to tell the boy. The other students started laughing at the boy but wouldn’t say why. Soon, it was time for their afternoon math class. Their teacher wrote a difficult problem on the blackboard. No one was able to solve it except the boy with the note on his back. He paid no attention to the laughter and walked toward the blackboard to write the answer. The teacher asked the class to clap (鼓掌) for him and took the note off his back. She told him, “It seems that you didn’t know about the note your classmate put on your back, but you didn’t seem to care anyway.” Then the teacher looked at the rest of the class and said. “Before I punish (惩罚) you all, let me tell you two things. First, some people don’t want you to succeed and they will label (贴标签) you at one point or another. All you have to do is ignore (忽视) these labels. So you have to take every chance to learn, grow and improve.” “And it seems that none of you are friends with this boy since none of you were kind enough to tell him about the note. If that’s true, then you’d better hope that you have some good friends yourself. Otherwise (否则), you might be the one with a note stuck on your back someday and no one will tell you.” 1．Why did the teacher ask the boy to go to the blackboard? A．Because the boy couldn’t answer the question. B．Because the boy laughed at his classmates in class. C．Because the teacher wanted to take off the note. D．Because only the boy could solve the problem. 2．Why didn’t the boy pay attention to the classmates’ laughter? A．He was too busy with solving the math problem. B．He already knew about the note but didn’t care. C．The teacher told him not to pay attention to others. D．He thought the laughter was for someone else. 3．What does the underlined phrase “at one point or another” mean? A．sometime in the future B．in the end C．at the same time D．over time 4．What did the teacher mean by the first point? A．Punishment is not the only way to help you learn. B．Being labeled can stop you from succeeding C．Don’t care too much about others’ opinions of you. D．Take every chance to show yourself to others. 5．What is the key point of the teacher’s second suggestion? A．There’s no need to make friends. B．Friends can’t always help you C．Friendship comes first in life D．Friends may help you in a difficult time. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文通过在背后贴字条事件告诉我们要忽略他人给你贴上的标签以及好好思考如何对待朋友。 1．细节理解题。根据“Their teacher wrote a difficult problem on the blackboard. No one was able to solve it except the boy with the note on his back.”可知，他们的老师在黑板上写了一道难题。除了那个背着纸条的男孩，没有人能解开它。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“He paid no attention to the laughter and walked toward the blackboard to write the answer...It seems that you didn’t know about the note your classmate put on your back, but you didn’t seem to care anyway.”可知，这个男孩不知道自己后背有纸条，故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“First, some people don’t want you to succeed and they will label (贴标签) you at one point or another.”可知，你们所有人都会在某个时候被那些不希望你们成功的人贴上标签，此处“at one point or another”的意思是“将来某个时候”，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“First, some people don’t want you to succeed and they will label (贴标签) you at one point or another. All you have to do is ignore (忽视) these labels. So you have to take every chance to learn, grow and improve”可知，你们所有人都会在某个时候被那些不希望你们成功的人贴上标签。你所要做的就是不去注意这些标签。你必须抓住每一个机会去学习、成长和提高。选项C“不要太在意别人对你的看法”表述正确，故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据“And it seems that none of you are friends with this boy since none of you were kind enough to tell him about the note. If that’s true, then you’d better hope that you have some good friends yourself. Otherwise (否则), you might be the one with a note stuck on your back someday and no one will tell you”可知，老师第二条建议是想说明“朋友可能会在你困难的时候帮助你”，故选D。 Passage 6 （24-25八年级下·南开区·期末） In spring, some people wear T-shirts while others are in down coats (羽绒服). It seems that people feel different temperatures on the same day. Why does this happen? In fact, people don’t feel air temperature directly. There are sensors (传感器) on our skin (皮肤) that can feel cold, cool, warm, and hot temperatures. These sensors are also found in our noses and bodies. When bodies are the same size, how much body fat we have can be different and influence (影响) how we feel temperatures. The more body fat one has, the warmer he or she feels. This is because the fat under the skin helps keep heat. For example, old people often feel colder than young people as the fat layer under the skin gets thinner with age. Surprisingly, another reason is height. We need blood to move around our bodies to keep us warm. Since most people’s hearts are about the same size, it takes more effort (力气) and time for the blood to move around in taller people. So taller people might feel colder. Metabolism (新陈代谢) also influences how we feel temperatures. It shows how fast our bodies use energy. People with a higher metabolism always feel hotter than others. This is because they produce more heat and may take more time to cool down. For example people with more muscles (肌肉) often feel warmer. 1．How do people feel air temperature? A．With their nose. B．With sensors on their skin. C．With their body fat. D．With their energy. 2．Why do old people feel cold more easily? A．Because their bodies get smaller. B．Because they have thinner skin C．Because they have less fat under their skin. D．Because they can’t keep heat. 3．According to the passage, who is most likely to feel cold? A．A tall, thin person. B．A strong, muscular person. C．A short, thin person. D．A tall, fat person. 4．What is the structure of the story? A． B． C． D． 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Old people often feels colder than young people. B．Why do people react differently to the same air temperature? C．Why do people feel cold? D．Metabolism doesn’t influences how we feel temperatures. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了同一天气下人们会感受到不同的温度的原因，包括皮下脂肪的保温作用、身高影响血液循环、新陈代谢速度等因素，解释了为何有人怕冷而有人怕热。 1．细节理解题。根据“In fact, people don’t feel air temperature directly. There are sensors (传感器) on our skin (皮肤) that can feel cold, cool, warm, and hot temperatures.”可知，人们用皮肤上的传感器感受空气的温度。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“For example, old people often feel colder than young people as the fat layer under the skin gets thinner with age.”可知，老年人更容易感到寒冷，因为他们皮肤下的脂肪更少。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“The more body fat one has, the warmer he or she feels.”和“So taller people might feel colder ”可知，又高又瘦的人最可能感到冷。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。第一段提出问题，为什么在同一天人们感受到不同的温度；第二段人们通过皮肤上传感器感受到温度；第三段介绍当身体大小相同时，我们体内的脂肪含量影响我们对温度的感受。第四段介绍身高会影响我们对温度的感受；第五段介绍新陈代谢也会影响我们对温度的感觉。D项符合做本文的结构，故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据“It seems that people feel different temperatures on the same day. Why does this happen?”可知，本文主要介绍了为何人们对同一气温感受不同。故选B。 Passage 7 （24-25八年级下·河北区·期末） The Dong people have passed down (传承) the Grand Song of the Dong ethnic group (侗族大歌) for over 2,500 years. The Grand Song is an important part of their culture. In 2009, UNESCO included it in the list of intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产名录). The Dong people mainly live in Guizhou Province in Southwest China and mostly work as farmers. They passed down their stories and knowledge (知识) from long ago through songs, because they didn’t have a way to write them down until 1958. Even today, it is still very popular. Also, the Dong people believe that the Grand Song is like food for their spirit (精神). The Grand Song doesn’t need any instruments (乐器) or a leader to guide the singers. It’s all about the voices of the singers and how they sing together. They usually sing in groups of as few as three people or as many as several hundred. They like to sing in the open air and take turns singing different parts. The songs can be about the group’s history or their everyday life. The Dong people first sang the Grand Song at an international event, the Paris Autumn Festival, in 1986. People spoke highly of the performance, and then, more and more people in the world fell in love with the art. Every year, many tourists go to Dong villages to enjoy the traditional songs. It benefits the Dong people and helps them make lots of money. So they are living much better than before. But some are wondering if the Grand Song is changing when the Dong people perform (表演) more and more shows for tourists’ enjoyment. What should people do to keep the song the same as before? 1．When did UNESCO include the Grand Song in the list of intangible cultural heritage? A．In 1958. B．In 1986. C．In 2009. D．In 2015. 2．Why did the Dong people pass down their knowledge through songs? A．Because they loved singing. B．Because they didn’t have a way to write. C．Because they mostly worked as farmers. D．Because they didn't show interest in writing. 3．What is special about the Grand Song? A．It is hard to understand. B．It needs all kinds of instruments. C．It includes thousands of performers. D．It has no leaders to guide the singers. 4．The word “benefits” in the last paragraph means “________”. A．improves one’s life B．checks one’s level C．avoids one’s mistake D．forms one’s friendship 5．What is one problem with the Grand Song? A．It is not popular among foreign tourists. B．It is always about people’s everyday life. C．It cannot win prizes at international events. D．It may change and lose what makes it special. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了侗族大歌这一国家级非物质文化遗产的相关情况。 【详解】36．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In 2009, UNESCO included it in the list of intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产名录).”可知，2009年，联合国教科文组织将侗族大歌列入非物质文化遗产名录。故选C。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They passed down their stories and knowledge (知识) from long ago through songs, because they didn’t have a way to write them down until 1958.”可知，他们通过歌曲来传递他们很久以前的故事和知识，因为直到1958年他们才有办法把它们写下来。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The Grand Song doesn’t need any instruments (乐器) or a leader to guide the singers.”可知，这首伟大的歌曲不需要任何乐器，也不需要一个领导者来引导歌手。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“Every year, many tourists go to Dong villages to enjoy the traditional songs. It benefits the Dong people and helps them make lots of money.”可知，每年，许多游客去侗族村寨欣赏传统歌曲。这有利于侗族人民，帮助他们赚很多钱。由此可知，此处benefits最有可能与improves one’s life同义，意为“改善生活”，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But some are wondering if the Grand Song is changing when the Dong people perform (表演) more and more shows for tourists’ enjoyment.”可知，但是有些人怀疑，当侗族人民表演越来越多的节目供游客欣赏时，这种宏伟的歌曲是否正在发生变化。所以，这首伟大歌曲的一个问题是它可能会改变并失去它的特别之处。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $命学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题05阅读理解之说明文与议论文 基础 必练 Passage 1 1.B2.A3.C4.C5.D Passage 2 1.D2.A3.D4.C5.C Passage 3 1.D2.A3.A4.B5.A Passage 4 1.B2.A3.C4.B5.D Passage 5 1.A2.B3.D4.A5.C 进阶 提升 Passage 1 1.B2.B3.C4.C5.A Passage 2 1.D2.D3.A4.B5.B Passage 3 1.B2.B3.D4.B5.C 学科网 www zxxk com 让教与学更高效 Passage 4 1.B2.C3.D4.A5.C Passage 5 1.D2.D3.A4.C5.D Passage 6 1.B2.C3.A4.D5.B Passage 7 1.C2.B3.D4.A5.D