专题05 阅读理解 说明文（期末真题汇编，四川专用）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读，整合四川多地高二期末真题，涵盖科技前沿（如基因复活恐狼）、文化传承（如拔罐疗法）、社会热点（如野火烟雾健康风险）等鲜活主题，适配高中英语核心素养培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|每篇4题|细节理解（如PM2.5危害原因）、词义猜测（如“demarcates”）、推理判断（如AI教育风险）、主旨大意（如文章标题）|以真实情境为载体，如“数字孪生技术管理大坝”体现科技应用；问题设计呈梯度，从基础信息提取到深层逻辑分析，匹配高二学生认知水平。|

专题05 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——文学艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下四川内江·期末） Simple songs are used to teach children important life skills in fun ways. These songs have the power to affect your child’s life forever: You likely remember songs from your childhood that taught you life lessons and new words that you can probably still recall to this day. Likewise, the use of songs in everyday activities can improve your child’s ability to learn and memorize new information. The rhythmic (有节奏的) structure of language is present in music and speech. When your child sings songs they will pick up on natural and unnatural rhythms. Pauses and stressed syllables (音节) or words are used in conversations to express emotion, and stress key points in conversations. Songs and rhymes can be used to remember many kinds of information. Music floods into all areas of the brain, allowing itself to be stored in multiple memory locations. The ability to retain information is increased when the child stores memories into multiple areas. Children learn language quicker through songs rather than lectures. Singing contributes to short-term phrase learning for unfamiliar terms. If your child is young, singing can be an excellent way to teach them unfamiliar words and phrases. These short-term memory exercises are repeated to turn the learned language into long-term memory. Research has found a significant link between beat-keeping and the ability to read. When your child keeps a beat, they use the same parts of the brain that are responsible for hearing sounds of speech and linking them with letters. There are small differences in spoken language that can greatly impact the ability to read in young children. Consonants (辅音) such as “b” and “p” can be difficult for a child to distinguish the difference on paper, but their learned ability to associate small changes in songs can help them understand the difference between the consonants while reading. 1．How do simple songs benefit children? A．By teaching special skills. B．By developing deep thinking. C．By improving singing skills. D．By providing lasting effects. 2．Why are songs good for language learning? A．They are more interesting than talks. B．They help with long-term memory. C．They teach difficult expressions. D．They are beneficial to brain development. 3．What may happen if a child fails to maintain a beat? A．Loss of hearing. B．Bad writing habits. C．Poor reading ability. D．Less speaking fluency. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Songs and brain areas. B．Songs and consonants. C．Songs and child development. D．Songs and rhythm improvement. Passage 2 （24-25 学年高二下・四川眉山・期末） The legendary dire wolf—a well-known creature that disappeared around 13,000 years ago and gained fame through HBO’s TV series Game of Thrones—has made an extraordinary return. This is the result of a cutting-edge genetic project by the company Colossal Biosciences, marking the first-ever successful “de-extinction” of a species. Recently, the company revealed the birth of three healthy dire wolf babies. Their arrival was made possible by combining DNA from ancient dire wolf fossils with the genes of their closest living relative, the grey wolf. To achieve this, scientists used a cloning technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer. They took DNA from a 13,000-year-old tooth and a 72,000-year-old bone, inserted the cell nuclei (体细胞核) into donor egg cells to create embryos (胚胎), and then implanted these embryos into a domestic dog mother, who gave birth in January. Ben Lamm, CEO of Colossal, expressed his excitement, saying, “any sufficiently advanced technology is similar to magic”. The dire wolf was once a fierce top predator across North America in Ice Age. They preyed on large mammals like horses, bison and potentially mammoths, but after these species went extinct, the dire wolf’s rule also came to an end. According to paleontologist (古生物学家) Julie Meachen, with the loss of their prey, the dire wolf was gradually replaced by the grey wolf. Dire wolves were larger and stronger than their modern grey relatives, with jaws and shoulders built for powerful hunts. Their revival has attracted both science enthusiasts and pop culture fans alike. Dr. Christopher Mason, a scientific adviser for Colossal, described the de-extinction of the dire wolf as a transformative leap in genetic engineering. “This is an extraordinary technological leap for both science and conservation,” he stated. “It’s a wonderful example of the power of biotechnology to protect species, both existing and extinct.” 1．How were the dire wolf babies created? A．By combining genes of a grey wolf and a domestic dog. B．By using a method called somatic cell nuclear transfer. C．By changing the behavior of modern wolves. D．By natural reproduction in a lab setting. 2．What caused the dire wolf’s extinction around 13,000 years ago? A．Lack of food. B．Climate change. C．Human hunting. D．Wolf competition. 3．What’s Dr. Christopher Mason’s view on de-extinction? A．It is a biological experiment with little practical value. B．It can only be used on species that recently went extinct. C．It shows biotechnology’s potential to protect and revive species. D．It has attracted both science enthusiasts and pop culture fans alike. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the article? A．A TV Series Inspires New Wolf Species Research B．Scientists Clone Grey Wolves for Species Conservation C．Dire Wolves Return: Breakthrough in De-Extinction Technology D．The Predator in Ice Age: the Extraordinary Story of the Dire Wolf Passage 3 （24-25 学年高二下・四川泸州・期末） Birds of a feather tend to flock together, but birds in personalized period costumes can only be found in one place. Australia has an annual duck fashion show. While it sounds like something that happens when your close friends correct your secret thoughts about fashion, it is, in fact, a real thing. It has been a part of Sydney’s “Royal Easter Show” for over 30 years. This annual event, attracting an average of 900,000 visitors, is a celebration of agriculture, entertainment, and culture in Sydney. The duck fashion show, in particular, has become one of the highlights, offering a unique and adorable sight that demarcates it from other shows within the event. There’s one special event that you can only find at this show. It’s called the Pied Piper Duck Show, and it’s basically ducks dressed in costumes waddling down a “cat walk”. The mastermind behind this delightful event is farmer Brian Harrington, an Australian farmer who organized the event from its beginning until his death in 2015. With his passion for both ducks and fashion, he has been dressing his ducks according to the latest fashion trends for each show for about 25 years. Although Brian is gone, the show must go on, and more and more people regularly attend the fashion show each year. During the show, ducks model three outfits: daytime, evening, and wedding. Their outfits have to look as if they’ve stepped out of an 1800s time capsule. Top hats, bustles, corset dresses, and tiny lady hats are all common sights on the duck runway. Visitors can’t get enough of the adorable animals, and at the end, they get to vote on their favorites. Australians are known for strange ideas, but this is a new level of cuteness we can never have expected! 1．Which can replace the underlined word “demarcates” in Paragraph 2? A．Prevents. B．Distinguishes. C．Protects. D．Requires. 2．Which of the following best describes Brian Harrington? A．Creative and admirable. B．Traditional and reliable. C．Cautious and confident. D．Wealthy and generous. 3．What do we know about the three outfits? A．They result from the visitors’ voting. B．They represent future fashion concepts. C．They actually feature 19th-century styles. D．They are recycled from historical materials 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The life story of an Australian farmer. B．A duck farming competition in Sydney. C．A special duck fashion show in Australia. D．The history of Sydney’s Royal Easter Show. 主题02 人与社会——历史社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下四川凉山州·期末） A male humpback whale has made an extraordinary journey from South America to Africa — traveling more than 13,046 kilometers — the longest migration recorded for a single whale, a new study found. The brave marine (海洋的) giant’s journey also marks the first documentation of an adult male humpback traveling between the Pacific and Indian oceans. The humpback was first spotted off the coast of Colombia in 2013 and seen again a few years later not far from his original location. But in 2022, the whale was unexpectedly detected in the Indian Ocean near Zanzibar, off the coast of East Africa. The typical migration route for humpback whales can be longer than 8,000 kilometers in a single direction. “These animals are separate individuals, and they’ll do surprising things,” said study coauthor Ted Cheeseman, a marine biologist at Southern Cross University in Australia. “These oceans are very much connected spaces, and whales travel beyond borders.” To track the whale’s migration patterns, the study authors used a platform called Happy Whale. It allows scientists, researchers and whale watchers to contribute photos of their whale sightings. Humpback whales live in oceans around the world and are known for completing some of the longest migrations of any mammal (哺乳动物), but this whale’s travels are special due to his movement between two breeding grounds (繁殖地). Humpback whales typically return to specific breeding locations each year. For example, one of the humpback populations in the North Pacific migrates to feed in waters around Alaska during the summer and spends the winter in waters around the Hawaiian Islands to breed and raise baby whales. This whale, however, migrated between two separate breeding groups in different oceans. “Our thinking is that whales always go to the place where they came from,” said Ari Friedlaender, professor of ocean sciences at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who was not involved in the study. “But there has to be some movement where you get some animal explorers that decide, for whatever reason, to follow a different path.” 1．What makes the humpback whale’s journey surprising? A．Its migration speed and length. B．Its migration mode and speed. C．Its migration length and pattern. D．Its migration time and route. 2．How did the researchers track the whale’s migration route? A．By attaching satellite devices to the whale. B．Through a platform collecting sighting photos. C．By monitoring whale sounds in the ocean. D．Through direct observations during ship voyages. 3．What does Ari Friedlaender’s words imply in the last paragraph? A．Whales consistently return to their original breeding sites. B．Environmental changes are pushing whales to seek alternative routes. C．Migration routes are mainly driven by temperature preferences. D．Some whales might explore new paths for unexplored reasons. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Ocean Giants: The Secret Lives of Humpback Whales B．Beyond Borders: How Technology Tracks Whale Migration C．The Lone Explorer: A Whale’s Record-Breaking Journey D．Breeding Grounds Mystery: Why Whales Change Routes Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下四川资阳·期末） Last month, a series of wildfires broke out in southern California, killing dozens of people. The clouds of smoke can even be seen from space. People of many fire-prone (容易起火的) areas as well as those far downwind have grown familiar with the thick, orange smoke. Such smoke can contain an unpredictable chemicals linked with heart and lung diseases and even cancer. Here’s what makes wild-fire smoke so dangerous. When organic matter like trees burns, it releases CO2, water, heat and, depending on the available fuel, various chemicals and particles (颗粒) . Those tiny particles, which float in the air, can include metals, dust and more. If they’re smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (直径), they can get through our body’s natural defenses when breathed in and go deep into the lungs, causing many health problems. Such particles, called PM2.5, is a common pollutant. It’s also created by motor vehicles and industrial plants. But the type present in wildfire smoke can be much more harmful to the human body. When a fire breaks out in an urban area, it destroys homes, offices, cars and other facilities. In other words, more stuff is burned. Paints, metals and more can release many kinds of harmful chemicals. A 2023 study found that the quantity of harmful chemicals released during urban wildfires was more than 1,000 times larger than that in fires happening in woodland areas. What’s worse, over time, the smoke is exposed to sunlight. The radiation can cause a set of reactions that usually result in other pollutants. Then, as smoke containing these chemicals travels and settles over other cities, it can mix with even more local pollution. Research also suggests that those chemicals and particles, both possibly harmful, can combine to make their respective health risks even worse. 1．What is the main topic of the text? A．The causes of wildfires. B．Climate change impact. C．Preventing urban wildfires. D．Health risks of wildfire smoke. 2．Why is PM2.5 from wildfire smoke dangerous? A．It enters the lungs. B．It travels far. C．It’s larger in size. D．It’s only from fires. 3．What’s a key difference between urban and woodland wildfires? A．Urban fires affect more trees. B．Urban fires burn less material. C．Urban fires release more pollutants. D．Urban fires produce less smoke. 4．What will probably happen when wildfire smoke is exposed to sunlight? A．It changes color. B．It becomes harmless. C．It quickly disappears. D．It forms other pollutants. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下四川省自贡·期末） As climate change leads to more frequent and extreme weather events, water experts from around the world are urging greater use of digital technology to improve the management of dams and reservoirs (水库). At a recent international conference held during the 28th International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) Congress in Chengdu, China, experts emphasized the importance of modernizing dam systems to face new global challenges. Michel Lino, president of ICOLD, mentioned the critical role of dams in dealing with global challenges. “We are facing common challenges,” he stressed. “Whether it is climate change, aging infrastructure, water shortage, environmental pressure or extreme weather events, they are not limited to one country or one region. These problems go beyond borders and call for collective solutions,” he emphasized. Lino also warned that the engineering standards of traditional dam design and construction are now being tested by emerging risks, including more intense floods driven by climate change. China’s Vice Minister of Water Resources, Wang Baoen, also noted the vital role of dams in managing floods, providing water, and supporting ecosystems. “But in the face of increasingly extreme weather events, the growing impact of human activities and the rapid advancement of socioeconomic development, humanity is faced with significant global challenges in ensuring the high-quality development and safety of reservoirs,” Wang said. To tackle these challenges, China has been using advanced information technology to improve dam monitoring and safety. One of China’s latest innovations is the development of “digital twins” — virtual models that simulate (模拟) the behavior and performance of dams under different conditions. These digital systems help engineers predict problems precisely. They are seen as a cutting-edge solution to improve dam design, operations and risk management. Wang said China is committed to sharing its approaches and experience with the global community. Experts believe that through smarter technology, stronger regulations, and better global coordination, dams can continue to play a major role in addressing climate challenges and securing a sustainable future. 1．What is Michel Lino’s main point in Paragraph 2? A．Global challenges require joint efforts worldwide. B．Traditional dams can no longer deal with new issues. C．Every country is to blame for extreme weather events. D．Dams are primarily responsible for environmental issues. 2．Which challenge is mentioned by both Michel Lino and Wang Baoen? A．Severe environmental pressure. B．Rapid development of economy. C．Negative impact of human activities. D．Increasingly extreme weather events. 3．How do digital twins help with dam management? A．By imitating real dam performance. B．By reducing risks of flooding. C．By letting machines handle dam tasks. D．By providing accurate predictions alone. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．International Cooperation for Shared Future B．The Role of Dams to Address Climate Challenges C．Global Call for Smart System in Dam Management D．China’s Leadership in Digital Solutions for Reservoir Safety 主题03 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下四川雅安·期末） Painting rooftops white or covering them with a reflective coating is the most effective method of keeping the air temperature down in a city like London during a heatwave. These "cool roofs” should perform better than solar panels, green roofs or adding more trees at ground level. Oscar Brousse at University College London and his colleagues ran climate simulations (模拟) to see how London's temperature during the two hottest days of summer in 2018 would have changed if the city had made widespread use of cooling measures, from cool roofs to air conditioning, along with solar panels, which have a cooling effect. Temperatures that summer peaked at 35.6℃. Cool roofs outperformed all the other interventions, the team found, lowering average outdoor temperatures in the city over the two-day period by 1.2℃, and by as much as 2℃ in certain locations with roofs painted white. By comparison, additional tree cover only curbed air temperatures by about 0.3℃, while solar panels cut them by 0.5℃. The study also found that widespread use of air conditioning might keep internal temperatures cool, but would boost outdoor air temperatures by up to 1℃ in parts of central London. “For London, what worked the most for reducing outdoor temperatures at a pedestrian level was the cool roofs,” says Brousse. Although the study uses only two days of data for the simulations, Brousse says it is broadly in line with similar published research. Placing reflective coatings or lightening roof surfaces across London would be a relatively easy and low-cost climate adaptation, he says. “I see barely any reason not to start doing it wisely.” There are reasons beyond cooling to apply other technologies too, though, he says. Trees and green roofs can boost biodiversity and resident well-being, for example, while solar panels provide clean power. A 2023 report by the Greater London Authority suggested that cool roofs may become an increasing policy focus for city officials as summer temperatures rise because of climate change. “With temperatures in London projected to increase, and with more occurrences of heatwaves, reflective roofs are likely to be a key component of climate adaptation strategy,” the report says. 1．Which is the best way to cool the temperature in the city during the hottest days? A．Cool roofs. B．Air conditioning. C．Solar panels. D．More trees. 2．What does the underlined word “curb” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Add. B．Decrease. C．Increase. D．Remove. 3．What is the feature of cool roofs? A．They are cost-efficient. B．They can boost biodiversity. C．They can produce clean energy. D．They can completely lower the temperatures. 4．Which word can best describe the future of cool roofs in London? A．Uncertain. B．Limited. C．Promising. D．Hopeless. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下四川省南充·期末） An Anna’s Hummingbird (蜂鸟) was seen in the forest in California recently. As it moved its head, its feathers changed colours in the sunlight. The Anna’s Hummingbird is a small hummingbird found along the west coast of North America. The male Anna’s Hummingbird has colourful feathers on its head and throat, which can appear red, pink, orange, or green. This has led to the assumption that the bird can actively change the colour of its feathers, but it is actually not the case. The colour shifts we see are caused by the structure of the feathers, not by changes to the actual colouring of the feathers. The tiny structures on the surface of the feathers interact with light waves to produce certain colours. Anna’s Hummingbird feathers have tiny structures called melanosomes (黑色素体) that look like stacked flat discs (圆片). These disc stacks are super thin, close to the size of the light waves we can see. When sunlight hits these discs, the light waves bounce and interact with each other. Some colours get brighter, while others cancel out, creating shining rainbow effects — similar to how soap bubbles. This “light dance” is why hummingbird feathers look so colourful! Unlike Anna’s Hummingbirds, some birds change the colour of their feathers in a different way. For example, the Western Tanager has yellow feathers on its head and body. During molting (蜕毛), it can absorb the yellow colour to reveal an orange-red colour underneath. Thus, while Anna’s Hummingbirds rely purely on the structures of feathers, other birds actively control the colour spread and feather movement to generate changeable feathers. The special feather structures in Anna’s Hummingbirds allow us to witness the diversity and wonder of the world. Next time you observe an Anna’s Hummingbird in the sun, watch closely as its throat seems to flash in rainbow colours. But remember — this magic is happening in the structures through physics, not biology. 1．What can we learn about Anna’s Hummingbirds according to the passage? A．Their migration happens along the coast of America. B．They move their ways towards the position of the sun. C．Their wings are covered with colourful feathers. D．They are unable to control the colour changes. 2．What causes the colour changes of Anna’s Hummingbirds? A．The high brightness of their feathers. B．The actual colouring of their feathers. C．The surface structure of their feathers. D．The seasonal changes of their feathers. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the Western Tanager? A．It absorbs various light waves. B．It actively changes the colour of the feathers. C．It mainly generates the yellow colour feathers. D．It depends on its head to change colours. 4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To advocate for the conservation of Anna’s Hummingbirds. B．To explain the biological process of feather colour changes. C．To highlight the diversity and wonder of physics in nature. D．To compare colour-changing ways among different birds. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下四川遂宁·期末） You’ve probably heard the saying that the eyes are the windows to the soul, but now it turns out that they’re also connected to how we breathe. Our pupils (瞳孔) constantly adjust to light, focus, and emotions. The most common fact is that they control how much light entering eyes: look into a mirror and shine a light into your eyes, and your pupils narrow. Doctors use this to check brain health — for example, unresponsive pupils may signal stroke. Pupils also shrink (收缩) when focusing nearby but expand during hard thinking or strong feelings. This process affects how we see things. Bigger pupils help spot dim (暗淡的) objects in side vision; Smaller pupils sharpen focus for reading. Because pupil size also reflects mental effort, scientists track it to study attention in psychology experiments.   For decades, these pupil reactions were the only ones that scientists were aware of. Now, my team and I have corroborated that breathing is a new one. Through a series of five experiments with more than 200 participants, we have proved that pupil size is the smallest at the start of breathing in and the largest while breathing out. Although the changes in pupils are tiny — smaller than the pupil reaction to light but similar to that to mental effort or more intense emotions — they are in theory large enough to influence our vision. Meanwhile, different from other pupil reactions, this one originates only in the body and happens all the time. Just like the reaction of our pupils to light, breathing may also be used to detect early symptoms of brain-related problems. What’s more, if our breathing affects how our pupils change, could it also shape how we perceive the world around us? Our study opens the door to new insights on how natural body cycles shape our vision, as scientists are finding more and more proof that our brains don’t process external information individually — they combine signals from within our bodies, too. For example, information from our heart and stomach might also influence how we see the world around us. 1．What is the best-known function of pupils adjusting to light? A．To improve side vision. B．To detect emotional changes. C．To check brain health condition. D．To regulate the amount of light into eyes. 2．What does the underlined word “corroborate” mean in paragraph 3? A．Imagine. B．Confirm. C．Question. D．Change. 3．What potential medical application is suggested by the author’s study? A．Reducing mental effort in daily tasks. B．Treating stroke through pupil analysis. C．Improving vision in low-light conditions. D．Detecting early signs of brain diseases via breathing. 4．Which is the best title of the article? A．Breathing Affects Vision B．From Light to Mental Effort C．Link Between Emotion and Vision D．Detect Health via Eye Movement Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下四川省凉山州·期末） The traditional Chinese therapy of cupping is about creating a vacuum by burning something inside a jar and quickly placing the jar on the selected skin area. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), cupping helps draw out inner toxins (毒素) and promotes the flow of “qi” and blood, easing swelling and reducing pain. There is a saying in China: With acupuncture (针灸) and cupping, more than half of the illnesses are cured. Historical records on cupping can date back to the Qin dynasty, when it was called the horn therapy. It gradually developed in the Southern and Northern dynasties, becoming a Taoist medical practice and widely used in the courts of Imperial China. In the Sui dynasty and the Tang dynasty, the cupping method was improved, and bamboo jars replaced animal horns. In the Ming dynasty, cupping became a key treatment in TCM. The present name was coined in the Qing dynasty when the jar used began to be made of pottery. These days, many practitioners use cups made of thick glass or plastic, though bamboo and pottery cups are still used in some places. Glass cups are the preferred cups because they do not break as easily as pottery or deteriorate like bamboo, and they allow doctors to observe the skin and evaluate the effects of treatment. There are several methods of cupping, and one of them is “sustained cupping”. After applying the cup, leave it on for about 10 minutes for adults and 3 minutes for children, then remove it. This is the standard method for treating various common conditions. Another method, called movable cupping, combines cupping and scraping (刮). First, apply lubricant (润滑油) to the skin. Then, attach the cup and slide it along a chosen path until bruising occurs before removing it. The third method is called “quick cupping”. The cup is sucked onto the skin, immediately removed and then put back again. This procedure is repeated until the treated skin turns red. 1．According to the TCM theory, what is the main function of cupping? A．To create patterns on the selected skin area. B．To remove toxins and restore energy flow. C．To cure more than half of the illnesses. D．To test the heat resistance of different materials. 2．What can we infer about the development of cupping in Chinese history? A．It was only used by the royal family throughout history. B．It has always been a key treatment in Chinese history. C．The medical effects have changed significantly. D．The materials used for cups have evolved over time. 3．What does the underlined word “deteriorate” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Become damaged over time. B．Gain medical effectiveness. C．Change color permanently. D．Absorb toxins quickly. 4．Why does the author write this passage? A．To compare different traditional Chinese therapies. B．To explain why cupping is losing popularity today. C．To introduce the history and techniques of cupping therapy. D．To argue for the superiority of TCM over Western medicine. 主题04 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下四川自贡·期末） Indoor green spaces, even small ones, have benefits for our physical and mental well-being. Easy to care for and full of charm, these houseplants bring both beauty and wellness into our home. Peace Lily The name “peace lily” definitely evokes a sense of calm, but sensitive to drought and excessive heat. Peace lilies can live for years and continuously produce broad white flowers that resemble a peace flag. They’re easy to take care of and don’t need much light. Just keep them out of reach from pets and small children. Rubber Plants Rubber plants, also called rubber trees, make for great indoor houseplants. They’re generally easy to take care of and only need to be watered every week or so. They must be kept away from any pets and young children, as they’re known to be highly toxic when swallowed. Elephant Ear Plants If you want to spend a little more time with your houseplants, try elephant ear plants. Elephant ear plants are instantly recognizable by their big, heart-shaped leaves. One thing to watch out for: the leaves of this plant contain harmful elements that, when eaten, can cause symptoms such as blisters in the mouth, nausea and vomiting, and severe swelling of the tongue, mouth and eyes. Snake Plants Also known as mother-in-law’s tongues, the snake plant is known for having tall leaves that grow vertically. But there are many varieties of snake plants. Some have striking yellow accents; other types are long and curvy; and still others are cute and spiky. The plants should only be watered when the soil is dry. Keep them out of reach of pets, as they’re considered toxic to cats and dogs. 1．Which is the best option for those enjoying flowering plants? A．Peace Lily. B．Snake Plant. C．Elephant Ear Plants. D．Rubber Plants. 2．What is a feature of snake plants according to the text? A．They are easy to take care of. B．They need watering every day. C．They have different kinds of types. D．They are poisonous for young children. 3．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A diary. B．A magazine. C．A novel. D．An advertisement. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下四川省乐山·期末） Why take a cruise (游轮) vacation? If you have a place on your life list, chances are a cruise will get you there—provided the destination is along a coastline or inland waterway. Cruising offers a great value, with trips that include your ship accommodations, meals and entertainment—all rolled into one. And best of all, cruising means seeing the world conveniently after unpacking only once. Cruises also provide a wonderful option for families, with many ships offering things like fun clubs for kids and teens. But you need to notice that while most are free, nursery programs can cost extra. What are Tips for Finding Cheap Cruises? If you’re a flexible traveler, you’ll have a better chance of finding cheap cruises. Take a cruise that doesn’t sail over the summer or holidays, when prices are highest. Book an inside cabin (船舱), or take your chances with a “guarantee cabin,” ideal for passengers who aren’t picky about their stateroom (特等舱) location but really want the lowest price available. What are Tips to Finding Last - Minute Cruise Deals? It’s particularly helpful if you live near a cruise port and can quickly drive there. That way you’ll probably be able to jump on those deals that might pop up just a week or two before the ship is scheduled to sail. Or if you don’t have flexibility with either departure dates or boarding locations, don’t insist on exact destinations. This will allow you to find a wider range of last-minute deals traveling to locations in their off-seasons (淡季). 1．What is an advantage of a cruise vacation? A．It offers accommodation on land trips. B．All service options on cruise trips are free. C．You don’t need to unpack luggage during the trip. D．Cruises can reach any destination on your travel list. 2．Which strategy helps travelers find a low cruise price? A．Travelling with family members. B．Booking during summer holidays. C．Choosing an inside or guarantee cabin. D．Prioritizing staterooms with ocean views. 3．What can improve travelers’ chances of getting last-minute cruise deals? A．Choosing specific destinations. B．Driving to the distant ports. C．Setting the departure dates early. D．Being open to destinations. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下四川省南充·期末） According to the American Time Use Survey, an average grocery trip takes more than 40 minutes. That may not sound like much, but the task can be time-consuming on busy days, largely due to many decisions. A study found that the average American consumer makes about 227 choices regarding food every day. Barry Schwartz, the psychologist and author of The Paradox of Choice, connects consumer hesitation to an increase in dissatisfaction. Even after making a choice, you can doubt whether you made the right one. It seems what we could really use at the grocery store is not more choices, but fewer. Fortunately, there exists a part of the retail sector (零售) I think of as the “single-option store” or SOS. The offerings there are deliberately reduced, typically leaving only a handful of each item to choose from. Perhaps the best example is Aldi (奥乐齐). It sells the basic grocery items, while largely avoiding name brands. Instead, it provides its own line of items. The time I save from choosing among the pared-down choices means I often get my shopping done much faster through the store. Efficiency is what we are after. While the SOS model reduces certain frustrations, it has some limitations. Any Aldi’s shopper will know the annoyance of searching in vain for some specialty item needed to complete a recipe, like a particular sauce. A person may also not like an SOS brand’s particular item. Sometimes the brands I like aren’t sold at Aldi, and the store’s option just doesn’t measure up. Still, the SOS is effective at what it does: providing limited, mid-tier-quality food options, and maybe reducing my hundreds of daily decisions. I’ll gladly take that trade-off for the time it saves me, as well as the mental space it clears. Now, I can head to my local SOS and enjoy the freedom of not having to make any choice at all. 1．What effect do too many choices have on consumers according to Schwartz? A．They encourage consumers to buy more. B．They increase consumers’ confidence in their choices. C．They cause consumers to feel frustrated and dissatisfied. D．They give consumers a greater sense of freedom in their options. 2．What does the underlined word “pared-down” mean in paragraph 3? A．Simplified. B．Expanded. C．Complicated. D．Tailored. 3．What can we know about the SOS model? A．The quality of food there is very low. B．It provides only one brand for each product category. C．Shoppers have to spend more time choosing products. D．Specialty items needed for certain recipes may not be available. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward the SOS model? A．Supportive. B．Cautious. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 主题01 人与社会——文学艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25 学年高二下・四川广安・6 月期末） Elizabeth Galicia, her 2-year-old daughter Ivy’ona and a class of preschoolers hung out in the shade near the preschool’s temporary outdoor reading area on a recent Thursday. “Remember how I told you about families?” Elizabeth asked Ivy’ona. “Yes,” the preschooler replied. “Yes, and how someone like you, and someone like me, matter?” Elizabeth said. “Matter,” Ivy’ona repeated. Pages from the book Every Child Matters are taped to yard signs lining a path near Daybreak Star Preschool in Seattle’s Magnolia neighborhood. It’s part of Seattle Public Library’s StoryWalks, which highlight Native American history and culture. Elizabeth works at Daybreak Star Preschool. She said there’s a change in kids when they have story time outside. “You can see that they’re so excited they want to run out,” she said. “And then they get so surprised. ‘What is this? Can you tell me more?’ They ask many questions.” This is the fourth year Seattle Public Library has partnered with Daybreak Star Preschool to pick four books. Each book will spend a week at one of four locations in Magnolia. This year the library is handing out passports for families to check off when they visit each location and read each book. “As you’re going through the StoryWalk, look at your passport,” said Lori Walsh, director at Daybreak Star. “There are suggested questions that you can talk with your family members about to kind of enrich the story experience.” She said the books picked for the StoryWalks feature characters that reflect the preschool’s students and their families. “We want the people to look like the people they see in their families, so they make that connection,” Walsh said. And that idea rang true for 2-year-old Ivy’ona. When asked what her favorite part of the StoryWalk at Daybreak Star was, she pointed to the book cover of Every Child Matters. It’s an illustration of a mother and her child. “That’s my mom. That’s me,” she said. 1．What is the purpose of Seattle Public Library’s StoryWalks? A．To strengthen family bonds. B．To boost community spirit. C．To promote cultural awareness. D．To build parent - school cooperation. 2．How does outdoor story time benefit children? A．It makes them more inquiring. B．It helps them learn to read faster. C．It teaches them more about nature. D．It gets them to know the school layout. 3．What function is expected of the passports? A．To explain the illustrations in the books. B．To direct families to each StoryWalk location. C．To encourage children to write their own stories. D．To inspire family conversations about the books. 4．Why did Ivy’ona feel connected to Every Child Matters? A．The book was about her school. B．The book was read by her teacher. C．The cover showed her and her mom. D．The story reminded her of her family. Passage 2 （24-25 学年高二下・四川成都蓉城名校期末） A typical large tree can suck up to 40 kilograms of CO2 out of the air over the course of a year. Now scientists at UC Berkeley say they can do the same job with less than half a pound of a yellow powder called COF-999. COF-999 was designed to trap the greenhouse gas, and then release it when it’s ready to be stored away someplace. COF-999 could be used in the kinds of large-scale direct air-capture plants that are starting to come online to reduce the amount of CO2. Keeping the concentration of atmospheric CO2 below 450 parts per million (ppm) is necessary to limit global warming to 2℃ above preindustrial levels and prevent some of the most awful consequences of climate change, scientists say. Klaus Lackner, a scientist at Arizona State University who wasn’t involved in the study, agreed that direct air capture will become an important tool for sequestering carbon (碳封存) and cooling the planet. To test the carbon-clearing capability of COF-999, the researchers packed it into a tube and exposed it to outdoor air in Berkeley for 20 days straight. As the air entered the tube, it contained CO2 in concentrations ranging from 410 ppm to 517 ppm. When it came out the other side, no CO2 was detected. According to its creators, its porous (多孔的) design increases its surface area, which means more places to hold onto CO2 molecules. As a result, it captures CO2 at a rate that is at least 10 times faster than other materials used for direct air capture. Team members have continued to make improvements and are on track to double its capacity within the next year. Another plus is that COF-999 will loosen its hold on the CO2 when heated to about 60℃. Similar materials must be heated to 121℃ to extract carbon. COF-999 is more durable as well. The team had tested a newer version that worked for 300 cycles before the experiment came to an end. “Achieving 300 cycles without any deterioration (退化) suggests that thousands of cycles may be possible,” said Omar Yaghi, the study’s senior author. 1．What is Klaus Lackner’s attitude toward direct air capture technology? A．Neutral. B．Supportive. C．Concerned. D．Skeptical. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．CO2. B．The air. C．COF-999. D．The tube. 3．Why does COF-999 have higher efficiency compared with other materials? A．It’s easier to work on a large scale. B．It can be reused thousands of times. C．Its porous design increases its capacity. D．It requires a higher temperature to extract carbon. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．A new material capturing CO2 efficiently. B．Ways to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels. C．The importance of reducing CO2 emissions. D．The effects of global warming on the environment. 主题02 人与社会——历史社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下四川广安·期末） Have you ever struggled to concentrate after a sleepless night? New research shows that sleep plays a critical role in cognitive (认知的) functions such as memory, decision-making, and creativity. Scientists now understand that lack of sleep can damage the brain’s ability to process information effectively. A study published in Nature Neuroscience found that insufficient sleep reduces the brain’s ability to form new memories. Researchers monitored participants’ brain activity while they learned new tasks. Those who slept less than six hours showed weaker activity in the hippocampus (海马体), a brain region responsible for memory formation. “Sleep is like a filing system for our brains,” explained Dr. Sarah Walker, lead researcher. “It helps us organize and store information for later use.” Sleep also affects emotional regulation. A lack of sleep can make people more irritable and less able to control their impulses. This is because the prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质), which manages decision-making and self-control, becomes less active when sleep-starved. On the contrast, a good night’s sleep improves our ability to handle stress and make rational choices. Creativity is another area influenced by sleep. A 2023 study from the University of California, Berkeley, discovered that people who slept well after learning a task performed better on creative problem-solving tests. The researchers believe that during deep sleep, the brain connects unrelated ideas, leading to innovative thinking. For teenagers, sleep is especially important. Adolescents need 8-10 hours of sleep nightly to support brain development. Unfortunately, many teens suffer from lack of sleep due to academic pressure and excessive screen time. This can lead to declining grades, increased risk of mental health issues, and even physical health problems like obesity. “Parents and educators should prioritize ‘sleepy’ students,” advised Dr. Walker. “A well-rested brain is a better learner.” 1．What happens to people who sleep less than six hours? A．They become more creative. B．They handle stress better. C．Their brain activity in the hippocampus weakens. D．Their prefrontal cortex becomes more active. 2．What does the underlined word “irritable” mean in paragraph 3? A．angry B．calm C．energetic D．forgetful 3．Why is sleep important for teenagers? A．It helps them form new friendships. B．It supports brain development and academic performance. C．It reduces the risk of physical injuries. D．It improves their ability to use technology. 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To advise teenagers to reduce screen time. B．To compare sleep’s effects on creativity and emotions. C．To describe how lack of sleep damages memory formation. D．To explain the importance of sleep for cognitive functions. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下四川成都·期末） Like most other parrots, parakeets (长尾鹦鹉) are known to have the ability to imitate the way humans speak. Now a new study has found that when parakeets make sounds, their brains work similarly to the way human brains function when we speak. The study was led by Michael Long, a professor at New York University. Long’s team focused on common parakeets. They recorded their brain activity as they made sounds, focusing on a part of the brain called the anterior arcopallium (AAC), which is known to affect vocal (嗓子的) muscles. They found that certain brain cells became active when the birds made specific sounds. Some cells seemed to be involved in producing consonants, and others created vowels. Some showed activity when the birds made high-pitched (声调高的) sounds, while other cells lit up for low-pitched sounds. This simple system allows parakeets to combine different sounds to make complex calls. “What the parrot has presented is this beautiful, elegant solution for making vocal sounds,” Long told New Scientist. In human brains, specific brain cell activity is associated with certain movements of the lips or tongue. This is the first time scientists have identified a similar language “map” in the brain of a non-human animal. Long’s team also studied zebra finches. In contrast to parakeets, the finches’ brains have complicated systems. But these can only allow them to make simple songs but not to mimic human speech. Researching how language works in birds’ brains could help scientists better understand how it works in the human brain. This could lead to solutions for speech disability in humans. 1．How did the scientists study the parakeets’ brains? A．By comparing them with humans’. B．By teaching parakeets new sounds. C．By recording parakeets’ brain activity. D．By observing parakeets’ behaviors. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The procedure of the research. B．The use of sound in human speech. C．Differences between parakeets and humans. D．Parakeets’ brain system for sound production. 3．What does the word “these” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．Parakeets. B．Zebra finches. C．Parakeets’ brain systems. D．Zebra finches’ brain systems. 4．What is the significance of the study by Long’s team? A．It contributes to better protection of animals. B．It may help us solve human speech problems. C．It enables us to understand the natural world deeper. D．It enriches our knowledge about languages in the world. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下四川乐山·期末） Released on January 29, 2025, the animation Ne Zha: Demon Child Conquers the Sea (Ne Zha 2) has been a massive hit. By March 28, its box office had gone over 15.3 billion yuan, making it one of the top 5 highest - earning films in history. It is the first Asian film to reach this level. The movie has also broken records such as becoming the biggest earner in the Chinese film industry and the top - earning film in a single market worldwide. Such a huge milestone is built on the original Ne Zha. Directed by Yang Yu, known as Jiaozi, Ne Zha 2 continues the adventure of the super - powered boy from Chinese mythology(神话), a story that first enchanted the audience in 2019. Set after the events in the first film, it follows Nezha and Aobing as their souls are saved but their bodies face disappearance. To reconstruct their bodies, the two heroes must rise to the challenges. Ne Zha 2’s success lies not only in money and engaging plots rooted in a novel take on traditional Chinese culture. Apart from the around 2,000 special effects shots contributed by 138animation studios, it also comes from the ability to connect with people’s feelings. The sequel (续集) explores defence in the face of power, the struggle against destiny, and the embrace of self -confidence, taking viewers of all ages on an emotional journey that combines action, humor, and heartfelt moments. Beyond its domestic box office figures, Ne Zha 2 is ready to make waves internationally and act as a window into China’s rich myths and traditions. In cities like New York and Los Angeles, theaters are adding late -night showings to satisfy the high demand. This outstanding animated feature, a shining example of what is possible when tradition meets innovation, is a big step for Chinese culture going globally. It shows how creative and skilled Chinese filmmakers are and helps the world understand and appreciate Chinese culture better. 1．Why does the author mention the statistics on box office? A．To unfold Ne Zha 2’s plot to readers. B．To present the achievements of Ne Zha 2. C．To show the difficulty of film - making. D．To compare Ne Zha 2 with overseas films. 2．What does the underlined word “enchanted” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Attracted. B．Helped. C．Disappointed. D．Confused. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Reasons behind Ne Zha 2’s popularity. B．Power of ancient Chinese folk tales. C．Joint efforts by animation factories. D．Emotional response from cinema-goers. 4．What does the author imply in the last two paragraphs? A．Jiaozi had predicted Ne Zha 2’s success before. B．It was too late for US audience to view Ne Zha 2. C．Ne Zha 2 serves as a bridge to Chinese culture. D．More Chinese films will shine internationally. 主题03 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下四川省泸州·期末） For the first time, scientists have mapped the 3D structure of DNA from a 52,000-year-old mammoth (猛玛象). This advance, published in Cell, let researchers piece together the creature’s genome (基因组) accurately and find signs of past gene activity in its cells. Ancient DNA usually appears in short, broken pieces. It is from these pieces that researchers have identified new species of early humans, and rewritten the history of how horses were tamed. “This new work opens up major new possibilities of exploring the biology of extinct species,” says Adrian Lister, a paleontologist at the Natural History Museum in London. “This is an astonishing study.” For more than a century, many geneticists have doubted these types of structures could be preserved in fossils. In living creatures, DNA molecules (分子) twist or wind as proteins turn various genes on or off. After organisms die, however, these molecules start to break apart, forming pieces that spread out like dye in water. The DNA in the mammoth sample broke up but didn’t spread: the pieces ran into a rare molecular traffic jam, so they got stuck in place, keeping complete chromosome structures as tiny as 50 nanometers across. The team says the sample probably held up so well because it underwent freeze-drying. Soon after the mammoth died, permafrost (永冻层) blanketed its body. The low temperature slowed the motion of its molecules, and the dry atmosphere in tundra regions meant there was no water available for the DNA pieces to move through, leaving the sample more shelf-stable than the average supermarket snack. The researchers aren’t sure how likely it is that other fossils could have remained just like the 52,000-year-old sample. But Aiden, a geneticist at the Baylor College of Medicine, hopes the study will pave the way for scientists to identify other samples ready for this type of study. “I’m looking on the bright side, and there are a lot more samples like this waiting to be discovered,” he says. 1．What is the significance of this new discovery? A．Giving gene activity a new definition. B．Recovering lost species of early humans. C．Discovering the differences in the genome. D．Promoting further research on extinct species. 2．How does DNA molecules behave after an organism dies according to scientists? A．They remain the same in water. B．They break down into pieces. C．They disappear as little structures. D．They turn into various molecules. 3．Why is the supermarket snack mentioned in Paragraph 5? A．To show the good preservation of the sample. B．To tell the importance of low-temperature storage. C．To explain the connection between freezing and drying. D．To compare the the characteristics of mammoths and snacks 4．Which may best express the author’s attitude to the study? A．Worried. B．Crazy. C．Uncaring. D．Approving. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下四川省泸州·期末） AI has captured the spirit of the times in recent years, especially since the release of OpenAI’s ChatGPT in 2022. As AI is catching on, it promises to change learning for the better. Already, there are AI-powered tutoring (辅导) tools that can support learners. One 2024 study, led by the University of Oxford, found that school students in Ghana who used an Al-powered math tutor through WhatsApp for half an hour, twice a week, over eight months had “higher” math growth scores than those in a control group. “Until now, expert, personalized tutoring has been too expensive for people,” points out Joseph South, chief-innovation officer at the International Society for Technology in Education. “AI-powered tutors can offer this experience for online learners at an affordable price.” However, there are still possible problems to address. AI can present fiction as fact, which could mean students might “learn” incorrect information. Similarly, AI can develop biases (偏见) based on the data used to train it, and possibly pass them on to learners. In addition, experts warn that any educational institution needs to have strict rules on what student personal information can be fed into AI tools, to reduce privacy risks But, to some, the biggest risk is to the learning process. “As students increasingly depend on AI tools, they may use them as quick solutions, which will influence their ability to pick up basic learning skills,” says Emily DeJeu, assistant teaching professor of business management communication at Carnegie Mellon University. “Is that good for them in the long term?” she asks. “This is still an open question.” To protect students, she suggests “we need government rules to provide guidance to schools”. And she adds: “The greatest risk of all with AI is doing nothing. The world has changed and is changing. We should change how we teach and what we teach to welcome AI.” 1．What can we conclude from the 2024 study in Ghana? A．Students prefer AI tutors to human ones. B．AI tutors are intended for poor math learners. C．Students are eager for free personalized tutoring. D．AI tutoring helps improve math grades to some degree. 2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．AI’s development trends. B．AI’s data management. C．AI’s potential disadvantages. D．AI’s information security. 3．What is the biggest risk regarding AI according to Emily DeJeu? A．The behavior of taking no action. B．The increase in the learning process. C．The attitude of ignoring future plans. D．The over-dependence on learning skills. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Influence of AI’s Rapid Update B．The Concern about Modern AI Technology C．AI in Education: Opportunities and Challenges D．AI Tools: Replacing Traditional Teaching Forms Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下四川广元·期末） This February, ecologist Poisot was surprised when he read through the peer reviews (同行评议) of a manuscript (原稿) he had submitted for publication. One of the referee reports seemed to have been written with, or perhaps entirely by, artificial intelligence (AI). It contained a strong indication that the text was created by large language models (LLMs). AI is increasingly being used in the peer review process of scientific papers, which involves experts evaluation to ensure they meet quality standards before they are published. This trend raises both interest and concerns among researchers and publishers. AI systems are already transforming peer review. They are now being used to check errors in the text, data, code and references of manuscripts, to guide reviewers toward more-constructive feedback, and to polish their manuscripts. Some new websites even offer entire AI-created review s with one click, claiming to assess a paper’s quality and originality. One study of peer-review reports in 2024 found that between 7% and 17% of these reports showed evidence of changes beyond spell-checking or minor updates to the text by LLMs. However, there are concerns about the reliability of AI in understanding complex scientific concepts and making accurate judgments. Critics argue that AI might not fully grasp the slight difference of scientific research and could lead to misleading conclusions. There is also a fear that AI could replace human reviewers, who can provide more insightful feedback. Despite these concerns, many researchers believe AI can be a useful tool. It can help speed up the review process and reduce the workload on reviewers. AI can also identify potential issues that might be overlooked by human reviewers, allowing human reviewers to focus on more complex aspects of the review. 1．Why does the author mention Poisot’s experience in paragraph 1? A．To present an argument. B．To introduce the topic. C．To criticize the overuse of AI. D．To compare various AI tools. 2．What is AI currently used for in peer review? A．Checking errors of manuscripts. B．Replacing human reviewers. C．Guiding detailed steps for study. D．Assessing the peer reviews. 3．What’s the author’s attitude to AI in peer review? A．Subjective. B．Objective. C．Approving. D．Critical. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Will AI Take over Peer Review? B．Is AI Review Faster and Cheaper? C．Can AI Understand Complex Concept? D．Do Scientists Fully Rely on AI Review? Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下四川内江·期末） In a groundbreaking study in 2024, biologists discovered that plants communicate through complex networks of fungal (真菌的) threads. When attacked by insects, bean plants release chemical signals through these threads, warning neighboring plants to produce poison. Dr. Elena Torres, lead researcher, compares it to an “underground internet.” “One stressed plant can activate defenses across an entire forest,” she says. This finding challenges the view that plants are passive organisms. Sound also plays a role. Using highly sensitive microphones, scientists recorded ultrasonic pulses (超声脉冲) given off by corn sprouts under drought stress. When these recordings were played to other plants, their roots grew toward the sound source. “It’s as if they’re ‘hearing’ their peers’ distress,” explains Dr. Hiroshi Nakamura. In another experiment, pea plants that were exposed to the sound of caterpillars eating leaves produced higher levels of defensive chemicals. This sound signaling could change pest (害虫) control in agriculture. Critics urge caution. Dr. Emily Carter argues, “We’re personifying plants. These reactions are biochemical, not conscious communication.” Moral debates also arise: If plants sense pain, should vegan diets be reconsidered? Torres responds firmly, “Plants lack nervous systems. Stress responses are survival mechanisms, not sentience.” Meanwhile, farmers in Brazil already use “plant whisperer” devices that translate leaf vibrations into data, predicting pest outbreaks days before visible damage. The consequences are vast. Geneticists are engineering crops with enhanced signaling abilities, creating “warning systems” for droughts or diseases. In Kenya, farmers grow corn together with signal-producing plants that prevent insects naturally. “This could reduce pesticide use by 70%,” says agronomist Kwame Okafor. As research speeds up, we edge closer to a world where forests “speak,” fields “warn,” and gardens “guide” — a silent dialogue that has been going on beneath our feet for ages, now interpreted by science. Recent advancements aim to apply plant communication commercially. A startup PhytoTech developed a sensor that interprets plant chemical SOS signals, notifying farmers via app to water or fertilize. Trials in California vineyards reduced crop loss by 25%. However, critics warn against over-reliance. “Nature’s language is complex,” says ecologist Dr. Rachel Lin. “Simplifying it to apps risks missing deeper connections.” 1．How do bean plants respond to insect attacks according to paragraph 1? A．By growing thicker leaves. B．By attracting helpful insects. C．By producing complex sounds. D．By releasing chemical warnings. 2．What do you know about the pea plant experiment described in paragraph 2? A．Plants prefer silence. B．Plants ignore droughts. C．Plants respond to sounds. D．Plants cut down peer’s stress. 3．What does the underlined word “edge” mean in paragraph 4? A．To balance carefully. B．To approach gradually. C．To compete fiercely. D．To increase dramatically. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Debates on plant morals. B．Technical aspects of sensors. C．Farming success in Kenyan. D．Balancing business and ecology. 主题04 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下四川省绵阳市·期末） A free online platform that allows speakers to practice in front of thousands of virtual audience has been released to help many people deal with their anxiety when making a speech. Dr Chris Macdonald, who created the online platform, said the approach was an attempt to reduce the lengthy waits or high costs people often face when seeking help. The Virtual Reality Public Speaking platform is based on the idea that facing fears directly can help reduce them. It is combined with breathing exercises and eye movements that help slow the heart rate and control the fear response. People using the technology can practice speaking in various virtual reality (VR) settings, from an empty classroom or small audience of virtual figures who feel bored and sleepy, to a stadium of 10,000 viewers, with the option to add distractions such as flashing cameras and loud noises. A recent study suggests the platform could be beneficial. The research involved 29 volunteers from China, who each finished a 30-minute session in which they switched between using the VR system and practicing a simple breathing exercise. After that, they delivered a prepared one-minute speech in English to 34 people in real life. The percentage of students who said they were anxious public speakers fell from 65% before the experiment to 20% after the presentations, while the percentage who described themselves as confident rose from 31% to 79%. More students said they enjoyed public speaking after using the platform. But Cella, a psychologist and leader of the virtual reality lab at King’s College London, who was not involved in the work, said there was a potential risk that overdependence on the platform could increase people’s avoidance of public speaking. “There is a lot of enthusiasm and problem-solving energy from digital innovators to address mental health challenges in our society. But unfortunately, many products like this platform have poor uptake (利用) and short lifespan due to the rapid development and limited evidence,” he said. “As with any emerging technology, it’s crucial to evaluate its real-world impact, how people use it, whether it truly improves confidence and reduces anxiety, and what unintended effects might arise.” 1．Who may find this platform useful? A．A graduate preparing for a job interview. B．A delivery driver taking a road safety test. C．A coach planning athletes’ training workouts. D．A programmer giving instructions to a computer. 2．What’s the main purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To offer advice on using VR. B．To explain the reason for exercise. C．To describe how the platform works. D．To show how to overcome speech anxiety. 3．What can we learn from the research? A．The number of users rose dramatically. B．The platform improved users’ English ability. C．The platform contributed to users’ presentation. D．The users practiced breathing exercise every day. 4．What’s Cella’s attitude to the platform? A．Concerned. B．Objective. C．Unclear. D．Supportive. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下四川省德阳·期末） The new service promises steep discounts and 30-minute delivery across major categories,aiming to capture younger consumers and expand into lower-tier markets. Alibaba has introduced its one-hour delivery service “Taobao Flash” nationwide ahead of schedule, stepping up its push in China’s increasing on-demand retail race. Originally set to launch on May 6, the platform went live across the country on May 2 following strong uptake during its pilot run in more than 50 cities. The upgraded service is backed by Alibaba’s food delivery arm Ele. me and offers aggressive consumer rewards, including free drinks, cash coupons, and discounted meals. The company said it aims to combine “e-commerce pricing with instant delivery,” with flash-sale deals across categories like food, groceries, pharmacy, electronics, and clothing now available within 30 minutes. Within 48 hours of the launch, Ele.me’s delivery orders hit record highs in 13cities. Sales of Cotti Coffee jumped tenfold in 24 hours, topping the platform’s coffee category. Over the May Day holiday, discounted drinks like milk tea and coffee surged more than 110% year-on-year, driven by flash deals and time-limited offers. The accelerated launch comes as rivals like JD．com and Meituan increase investments in instant delivery, expanding from their core strengths in e-commerce and food, separately. All three are competing for an advantage over others in a sector expected to surpass 2 trillion yuan ($275 billion) by 2030, as consumers increasingly demand faster fulfillment and deeper discounts. A Taobao Flash project spokesperson told The Beijing News: “Our current launch minimizes customer costs, freeing up resources for aggressive consumer subsidies(补贴).” During the Labor Day holiday, Ele. me reported a sharp increase in late-night orders from travelers, with purchases between 10 p. m. and 5 a. m. accounting for more than 30% of total orders——1.6 times higher than local users, according to company data. Younger travelers fueled much of the demand, using 20% to 30% discounts to have snacks and drinks delivered from tourist hotspots to their hotels. Industry analysts say Taobao’s launch has driven traffic and engagement well beyond initial expectations, helping brands reach more consumers—— especially in lower-tier markets. 1．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．The market strategy of Taobao Flash. B．The competition among different brands. C．The Internet companies on the platform. D．The challenges of launching a delivery service. 2．How do JD．com and Meituan differ in their instant delivery strategies? A．They share identical service in the on-demand retail sector. B．JD．com emphasizes electronics, while Meituan emphasizes clothing. C．JD．com expands from e-commerce, while Meituan expands from food. D．JD．com focuses on food discounts, while Meituan focuses on e-commerce. 3．The underlined word “surpass” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ________. A．fall behind B．be equal to C．go beyond D．set a goal for 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To discuss the growth of holiday sales. B．To introduce A libaba’s new delivery service. C．To analyze the challenges of delivery services. D．To compare Alibaba with JD．com and Meituan. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下四川省乐山·期末） Growing up in India, economist Abhijit Banerjee was always fascinated by the impressive mental math skills of young workers in local fruit and vegetable markets. “I could see kids in the markets doing complex calculations,” he said. “They could quickly calculate change (零钱) after selling multiple items.” Yet, Banerjee discovered that the same children struggled in formal written math tests, revealing an imbalance in maths education, especially for talented children from low-income families. Maths education is becoming ever more important worldwide. As societies grow more data-driven, students need skills beyond traditional textbook maths, such as data interpretation and coding basics. A sound grasp of principles of mathematical reasoning is also necessary for other professions and life skills. In a study published last week, Banerjee’s research group compared the maths abilities of two groups of under 18 students in India. Both attended school, but one group also worked in markets. The researchers found that the working group was more skilled in mental arithmetic than the other one. Yet, those who worked performed poorly in standard written tests, such as long division. The results show the power of learning-by-doing and its limitations. These children need help with mathematical reasoning to enhance their mental calculation skills. Moreover, if a student is already struggling with basic math concepts like algebra (代数), learning advanced skills like statistics or coding may not lead to desired outcomes. Most standard assessment (评估) systems worldwide focus on mastering the method and achieving the correct answer rather than understanding reasoning — how a specific result is achieved. Second, relatively few teachers are skilled at teaching reasoning and describing maths through storytelling, and of those, even fewer teach students from low-income families. These problems must be addressed through big-picture thinking, research-based assessments, and action from policymakers. Banerjee’s work highlights undiscovered talent. With proper guidance, these children could become researchers, entrepreneurs, or the math teachers that their countries urgently need, thus to help future generations reach their full potential. 1．What impressed Banerjee about the children working in markets? A．Their ability to count the items they sell. B．Their skill in mental calculation. C．Their talent to sell fruits and vegetables quickly. D．Their performance in maths tests. 2．What did Banerjee’s study reveal about the working group of students? A．They struggled in written tests. B．They had no interest in learning maths. C．They lacked basic math concepts entirely. D．They performed equally well in all math tasks. 3．Why do most assessment systems fail to promote mathematical reasoning? A．They prefer storytelling. B．They prioritize correct answers. C．They ignore the mastery of the method. D．They are designed for high -income families. 4．What can help children from low-income families improve their math ability? A．Teach them advanced courses like statistics and coding. B．Guide them to do more standardized testing. C．Encourage them to gain more market calculation skills. D．Offer them more reasoning-based teaching. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $命学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题05阅读理解说明文 参考答案 基础 必练 主题01人与社会一文学艺术与体育 Passage 1 1D2B3C4C Passage 2 1B2A3C4C Passage 3 1B2A3C4C 主题02人与社会—历史社会与文化 Passage 1 1C2B3D4C Passage 2 1D2A3C4D Passage 3 1A2D3A4C 主题03人与社会—科学与技术 Passage 1 1A2B3A4C Passage 2 1D2C3B4C Passage 3 命学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 1D2B3D4A Passage 4 1B2D3A4C 主题04人与自我一生活与学习 Passage 1 1A2C3B Passage 2 1C2C3D Passage 3 1C2A3D4A 进阶 提升 主题01人与社会—文学艺术与体育 Passage 1 1C2C3D4C Passage 2 1B2B3C4A 主题02人与社会—历史社会与文化 Passage 1 1C2A3B4D Passage 2 1C2D3D4B Passage 3 命学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 1B2A3A4C 主题03人与社会一科学与技术 Passage 1 1D2B3A4D Passage 2 1D2C3A4C Passage 3 1B2A3B4A Passage 4 1D2C3B4D 主题04人与自我一 生活与学习 Passage 1 1A2C3C4A Passage 2 1A2C3C4B Passage 3 1B2A3B4D 专题05 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——文学艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下四川内江·期末） Simple songs are used to teach children important life skills in fun ways. These songs have the power to affect your child’s life forever: You likely remember songs from your childhood that taught you life lessons and new words that you can probably still recall to this day. Likewise, the use of songs in everyday activities can improve your child’s ability to learn and memorize new information. The rhythmic (有节奏的) structure of language is present in music and speech. When your child sings songs they will pick up on natural and unnatural rhythms. Pauses and stressed syllables (音节) or words are used in conversations to express emotion, and stress key points in conversations. Songs and rhymes can be used to remember many kinds of information. Music floods into all areas of the brain, allowing itself to be stored in multiple memory locations. The ability to retain information is increased when the child stores memories into multiple areas. Children learn language quicker through songs rather than lectures. Singing contributes to short-term phrase learning for unfamiliar terms. If your child is young, singing can be an excellent way to teach them unfamiliar words and phrases. These short-term memory exercises are repeated to turn the learned language into long-term memory. Research has found a significant link between beat-keeping and the ability to read. When your child keeps a beat, they use the same parts of the brain that are responsible for hearing sounds of speech and linking them with letters. There are small differences in spoken language that can greatly impact the ability to read in young children. Consonants (辅音) such as “b” and “p” can be difficult for a child to distinguish the difference on paper, but their learned ability to associate small changes in songs can help them understand the difference between the consonants while reading. 1．How do simple songs benefit children? A．By teaching special skills. B．By developing deep thinking. C．By improving singing skills. D．By providing lasting effects. 2．Why are songs good for language learning? A．They are more interesting than talks. B．They help with long-term memory. C．They teach difficult expressions. D．They are beneficial to brain development. 3．What may happen if a child fails to maintain a beat? A．Loss of hearing. B．Bad writing habits. C．Poor reading ability. D．Less speaking fluency. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Songs and brain areas. B．Songs and consonants. C．Songs and child development. D．Songs and rhythm improvement. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了（简单歌曲以有趣的方式教孩子重要生活技能，对孩子的语言学习、记忆和阅读能力等方面有积极作用）。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“These songs have the power to affect your child’s life forever: You likely remember songs from your childhood that taught you life lessons and new words that you can probably still recall to this day. (这些歌曲有能力永远影响你的孩子的生活：你可能还记得童年时教给你人生经验和新单词的歌曲，这些歌曲你可能至今仍能回忆起来。)”可知，简单歌曲对孩子有持久影响。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“These short-term memory exercises are repeated to turn the learned language into long-term memory. (这些短期记忆练习被重复进行，以将所学的语言转化为长期记忆。)”可知，歌曲有助于长期记忆，所以对语言学习有好处。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Research has found a significant link between beat-keeping and the ability to read. (研究发现，保持节拍和阅读能力之间存在显著联系。)”可知，如果孩子不能保持节拍，可能会阅读能力差。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Simple songs are used to teach children important life skills in fun ways. These songs have the power to affect your child’s life forever (简单歌曲以有趣的方式教孩子重要生活技能。这些歌曲有能力永远影响你孩子的生活)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了简单歌曲对孩子发展的积极作用。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25 学年高二下・四川眉山・期末） The legendary dire wolf—a well-known creature that disappeared around 13,000 years ago and gained fame through HBO’s TV series Game of Thrones—has made an extraordinary return. This is the result of a cutting-edge genetic project by the company Colossal Biosciences, marking the first-ever successful “de-extinction” of a species. Recently, the company revealed the birth of three healthy dire wolf babies. Their arrival was made possible by combining DNA from ancient dire wolf fossils with the genes of their closest living relative, the grey wolf. To achieve this, scientists used a cloning technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer. They took DNA from a 13,000-year-old tooth and a 72,000-year-old bone, inserted the cell nuclei (体细胞核) into donor egg cells to create embryos (胚胎), and then implanted these embryos into a domestic dog mother, who gave birth in January. Ben Lamm, CEO of Colossal, expressed his excitement, saying, “any sufficiently advanced technology is similar to magic”. The dire wolf was once a fierce top predator across North America in Ice Age. They preyed on large mammals like horses, bison and potentially mammoths, but after these species went extinct, the dire wolf’s rule also came to an end. According to paleontologist (古生物学家) Julie Meachen, with the loss of their prey, the dire wolf was gradually replaced by the grey wolf. Dire wolves were larger and stronger than their modern grey relatives, with jaws and shoulders built for powerful hunts. Their revival has attracted both science enthusiasts and pop culture fans alike. Dr. Christopher Mason, a scientific adviser for Colossal, described the de-extinction of the dire wolf as a transformative leap in genetic engineering. “This is an extraordinary technological leap for both science and conservation,” he stated. “It’s a wonderful example of the power of biotechnology to protect species, both existing and extinct.” 1．How were the dire wolf babies created? A．By combining genes of a grey wolf and a domestic dog. B．By using a method called somatic cell nuclear transfer. C．By changing the behavior of modern wolves. D．By natural reproduction in a lab setting. 2．What caused the dire wolf’s extinction around 13,000 years ago? A．Lack of food. B．Climate change. C．Human hunting. D．Wolf competition. 3．What’s Dr. Christopher Mason’s view on de-extinction? A．It is a biological experiment with little practical value. B．It can only be used on species that recently went extinct. C．It shows biotechnology’s potential to protect and revive species. D．It has attracted both science enthusiasts and pop culture fans alike. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the article? A．A TV Series Inspires New Wolf Species Research B．Scientists Clone Grey Wolves for Species Conservation C．Dire Wolves Return: Breakthrough in De-Extinction Technology D．The Predator in Ice Age: the Extraordinary Story of the Dire Wolf 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过基因技术“复活”灭绝物种恐狼的突破性进展。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“To achieve this, scientists used a cloning technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer. They took DNA from a 13,000-year-old tooth and a 72,000-year-old bone, inserted the cell nuclei (体细胞核) into donor egg cells to create embryos (胚胎), and then implanted these embryos into a domestic dog mother, who gave birth in January. Ben Lamm, CEO of Colossal, expressed his excitement, saying, “any sufficiently advanced technology is similar to magic”. (为了实现这一目标，科学家们使用了一种称为体细胞核转移的克隆技术。他们从一颗13000年前的牙齿和一块72000年前的骨头中提取DNA，将细胞核植入供体卵细胞中，然后将这些胚胎植入一只家犬母亲体内，后者于今年1月产下幼犬。Colossal的首席执行官Ben Lamm表达了他的兴奋之情，他说：“任何足够先进的技术都类似于魔法。”)”可知，恐狼幼崽是通过体细胞核移植技术培育的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They preyed on large mammals like horses, bison and potentially mammoths, but after these species went extinct, the dire wolf’s rule also came to an end. (它们以马、野牛甚至猛犸象等大型哺乳动物为食，但随着这些物种的灭绝，恐狼的统治也宣告终结)”可知，大型猎物灭绝导致恐狼食物短缺，最终走向灭绝。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Dr. Christopher Mason, a scientific adviser for Colossal, described the de-extinction of the dire wolf as a transformative leap in genetic engineering. “This is an extraordinary technological leap for both science and conservation,” he stated. “It’s a wonderful example of the power of biotechnology to protect species, both existing and extinct.” (Colossal公司的科学顾问克里斯托弗·梅森(Christopher Mason) 博士将恐狼的复活描述为基因工程的一次变革性飞跃。他说：“这对科学和环保来说都是一次非凡的技术飞跃。”“这是生物技术保护物种的一个很好的例子，无论是现存的还是灭绝的。”)”可知，他认为基因复活技术体现了生物技术保护物种的潜力。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。第一段“The legendary dire wolf — a well-known creature that disappeared around 13,000 years ago and gained fame through HBO’s TV series Game of Thrones—has made an extraordinary return. This is the result of a cutting-edge genetic project by the company Colossal Biosciences, marking the first-ever successful “de-extinction” of a species. (传说中的可怕的狼 —— 一种大约在13000年前消失的著名生物，通过HBO的电视连续剧《权力的游戏》而名声大噪 —— 现在又回来了。这是由Colossal Biosciences公司开展的一项尖端基因项目的成果，标志着有史以来第一次成功地“灭绝”了一个物种)”引入话题，核心围绕“通过基因技术首次成功复活灭绝物种”展开。再结合第五段“Dr. Christopher Mason, a scientific adviser for Colossal, described the de-extinction of the dire wolf as a transformative leap in genetic engineering. “This is an extraordinary technological leap for both science and conservation,” he stated. “It’s a wonderful example of the power of biotechnology to protect species, both existing and extinct.” (Colossal公司的科学顾问克里斯托弗·梅森(Christopher Mason) 博士将恐狼的复活描述为基因工程的一次变革性飞跃。他说：“这对科学和环保来说都是一次非凡的技术飞跃。”“这是生物技术保护物种的一个很好的例子，无论是现存的还是灭绝的。”)”可知，专家对技术突破的肯定，C选项“恐狼回归：灭绝复活技术的突破”既突出核心事件，又强调技术突破性，符合主旨，可以作谓最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25 学年高二下・四川泸州・期末） Birds of a feather tend to flock together, but birds in personalized period costumes can only be found in one place. Australia has an annual duck fashion show. While it sounds like something that happens when your close friends correct your secret thoughts about fashion, it is, in fact, a real thing. It has been a part of Sydney’s “Royal Easter Show” for over 30 years. This annual event, attracting an average of 900,000 visitors, is a celebration of agriculture, entertainment, and culture in Sydney. The duck fashion show, in particular, has become one of the highlights, offering a unique and adorable sight that demarcates it from other shows within the event. There’s one special event that you can only find at this show. It’s called the Pied Piper Duck Show, and it’s basically ducks dressed in costumes waddling down a “cat walk”. The mastermind behind this delightful event is farmer Brian Harrington, an Australian farmer who organized the event from its beginning until his death in 2015. With his passion for both ducks and fashion, he has been dressing his ducks according to the latest fashion trends for each show for about 25 years. Although Brian is gone, the show must go on, and more and more people regularly attend the fashion show each year. During the show, ducks model three outfits: daytime, evening, and wedding. Their outfits have to look as if they’ve stepped out of an 1800s time capsule. Top hats, bustles, corset dresses, and tiny lady hats are all common sights on the duck runway. Visitors can’t get enough of the adorable animals, and at the end, they get to vote on their favorites. Australians are known for strange ideas, but this is a new level of cuteness we can never have expected! 1．Which can replace the underlined word “demarcates” in Paragraph 2? A．Prevents. B．Distinguishes. C．Protects. D．Requires. 2．Which of the following best describes Brian Harrington? A．Creative and admirable. B．Traditional and reliable. C．Cautious and confident. D．Wealthy and generous. 3．What do we know about the three outfits? A．They result from the visitors’ voting. B．They represent future fashion concepts. C．They actually feature 19th-century styles. D．They are recycled from historical materials 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The life story of an Australian farmer. B．A duck farming competition in Sydney. C．A special duck fashion show in Australia. D．The history of Sydney’s Royal Easter Show. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚悉尼“皇家复活节展览”中一场独特的鸭子时装秀，包括其特色、起源、展示服装及受欢迎程度。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The duck fashion show, in particular, has become one of the highlights, offering a unique and adorable sight that demarcates it from other shows within the event.(尤其是鸭子时装秀，它已成为亮点之一，提供了独特而可爱的景象，使其在该活动中的其他表演中demarcates。)”可知，鸭子时装秀提供了独特而可爱的景象，这是与其他表演的不同之处，由此可推知，demarcates意思是“区分；使与众不同”，与“Distinguishes”意思相近。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The mastermind behind this delightful event is farmer Brian Harrington, an Australian farmer who organized the event from its beginning until his death in 2015. With his passion for both ducks and fashion, he has been dressing his ducks according to the latest fashion trends for each show for about 25 years.(这个令人愉快的活动背后的策划者是澳大利亚农民布莱恩·哈林顿，他从一开始就组织了这个活动，直到2015年去世。由于他对鸭子和时尚的热爱，25年来，每次演出他都会根据最新的时尚趋势为鸭子打扮)”可知，布莱恩·哈林顿既有创意又令人钦佩。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“During the show, ducks model three outfits: daytime, evening, and wedding. Their outfits have to look as if they’ve stepped out of an 1800s time capsule.(在时装秀上，鸭子们会展示三套服装：日间装、晚装和婚纱。它们的服装看起来就像是从 19 世纪的时间胶囊里出来的一样)”可知，这三套服装实际上具有19世纪的风格。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Australia has an annual duck fashion show.(澳大利亚每年都会举办一场鸭子时装秀)”以及全文内容可知，文章围绕澳大利亚的鸭子时装秀展开，介绍了其举办背景、特色、创始人等内容，C选项“A special duck fashion show in Australia.(澳大利亚一场特别的鸭子时装秀)”能概括核心内容。故选C。 主题02 人与社会——历史社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下四川凉山州·期末） A male humpback whale has made an extraordinary journey from South America to Africa — traveling more than 13,046 kilometers — the longest migration recorded for a single whale, a new study found. The brave marine (海洋的) giant’s journey also marks the first documentation of an adult male humpback traveling between the Pacific and Indian oceans. The humpback was first spotted off the coast of Colombia in 2013 and seen again a few years later not far from his original location. But in 2022, the whale was unexpectedly detected in the Indian Ocean near Zanzibar, off the coast of East Africa. The typical migration route for humpback whales can be longer than 8,000 kilometers in a single direction. “These animals are separate individuals, and they’ll do surprising things,” said study coauthor Ted Cheeseman, a marine biologist at Southern Cross University in Australia. “These oceans are very much connected spaces, and whales travel beyond borders.” To track the whale’s migration patterns, the study authors used a platform called Happy Whale. It allows scientists, researchers and whale watchers to contribute photos of their whale sightings. Humpback whales live in oceans around the world and are known for completing some of the longest migrations of any mammal (哺乳动物), but this whale’s travels are special due to his movement between two breeding grounds (繁殖地). Humpback whales typically return to specific breeding locations each year. For example, one of the humpback populations in the North Pacific migrates to feed in waters around Alaska during the summer and spends the winter in waters around the Hawaiian Islands to breed and raise baby whales. This whale, however, migrated between two separate breeding groups in different oceans. “Our thinking is that whales always go to the place where they came from,” said Ari Friedlaender, professor of ocean sciences at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who was not involved in the study. “But there has to be some movement where you get some animal explorers that decide, for whatever reason, to follow a different path.” 1．What makes the humpback whale’s journey surprising? A．Its migration speed and length. B．Its migration mode and speed. C．Its migration length and pattern. D．Its migration time and route. 2．How did the researchers track the whale’s migration route? A．By attaching satellite devices to the whale. B．Through a platform collecting sighting photos. C．By monitoring whale sounds in the ocean. D．Through direct observations during ship voyages. 3．What does Ari Friedlaender’s words imply in the last paragraph? A．Whales consistently return to their original breeding sites. B．Environmental changes are pushing whales to seek alternative routes. C．Migration routes are mainly driven by temperature preferences. D．Some whales might explore new paths for unexplored reasons. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Ocean Giants: The Secret Lives of Humpback Whales B．Beyond Borders: How Technology Tracks Whale Migration C．The Lone Explorer: A Whale’s Record-Breaking Journey D．Breeding Grounds Mystery: Why Whales Change Routes 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一头雄性座头鲸从南美迁至非洲，行程超1.3万公里，创单鲸迁徙纪录，也是成年雄性首跨太平洋与印度洋，其迁徙模式打破常规。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A male humpback whale has made an extraordinary journey from South America to Africa — traveling more than 13,046 kilometers — the longest migration recorded for a single whale, a new study found.(一项新的研究发现，一头雄性座头鲸从南美洲游到了非洲——行程超过13046公里——这是有记录以来单只鲸鱼最长的迁徙距离)”以及第三段“This whale, however, migrated between two separate breeding groups in different oceans.(然而，这只鲸鱼却在两个位于不同海洋的独立繁殖群体之间进行迁徙)”可知，迁徙的路程和路线让这头座头鲸的迁徙之旅如此令人惊讶。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“To track the whale’s migration patterns, the study authors used a platform called Happy Whale. It allows scientists, researchers and whale watchers to contribute photos of their whale sightings.(为了追踪鲸鱼的迁徙路线，研究的作者们使用了一个名为“快乐鲸鱼”的平台。该平台能让科学家、研究人员以及鲸鱼观察者们上传他们所见到的鲸鱼的照片)”可知，研究人员通过一个收集目击照片的平台追踪这头鲸鱼的迁徙路线。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Our thinking is that whales always go to the place where they came from,” said Ari Friedlaender, professor of ocean sciences at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who was not involved in the study. “But there has to be some movement where you get some animal explorers that decide, for whatever reason, to follow a different path.”(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校的海洋科学教授阿里·弗里德兰德（Ari Friedlaender）表示：“我们的观点是，鲸鱼总是会回到它们出生的地方。”他并未参与此项研究。“但肯定会有某些动物在移动过程中做出改变，它们可能会出于某种原因决定走一条不同的路线。”)”可知，艾里·弗里德兰德在最后一段的言论意味着有些鲸鱼可能会出于未知的原因探索新的路径。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“male humpback whale has made an extraordinary journey from South America to Africa — traveling more than 13,046 kilometers — the longest migration recorded for a single whale, a new study found. The brave marine (海洋的) giant’s journey also marks the first documentation of an adult male humpback traveling between the Pacific and Indian oceans.(一项新研究发现，一头雄性座头鲸从南美洲游到了非洲——行程超过13460公里——这是有记录以来单只鲸鱼所进行的最长迁徙。这位勇敢的海洋巨兽的旅程还首次记录了一头成年雄性座头鲸在太平洋和印度洋之间游弋的情况)”可知，文章主要说明了一头雄性座头鲸从南美迁至非洲，行程超1.3万公里，创单鲸迁徙纪录，也是成年雄性首跨太平洋与印度洋，其迁徙模式打破常规。因此C选项“独行者：鲸鱼的创纪录之旅”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下四川资阳·期末） Last month, a series of wildfires broke out in southern California, killing dozens of people. The clouds of smoke can even be seen from space. People of many fire-prone (容易起火的) areas as well as those far downwind have grown familiar with the thick, orange smoke. Such smoke can contain an unpredictable chemicals linked with heart and lung diseases and even cancer. Here’s what makes wild-fire smoke so dangerous. When organic matter like trees burns, it releases CO2, water, heat and, depending on the available fuel, various chemicals and particles (颗粒) . Those tiny particles, which float in the air, can include metals, dust and more. If they’re smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (直径), they can get through our body’s natural defenses when breathed in and go deep into the lungs, causing many health problems. Such particles, called PM2.5, is a common pollutant. It’s also created by motor vehicles and industrial plants. But the type present in wildfire smoke can be much more harmful to the human body. When a fire breaks out in an urban area, it destroys homes, offices, cars and other facilities. In other words, more stuff is burned. Paints, metals and more can release many kinds of harmful chemicals. A 2023 study found that the quantity of harmful chemicals released during urban wildfires was more than 1,000 times larger than that in fires happening in woodland areas. What’s worse, over time, the smoke is exposed to sunlight. The radiation can cause a set of reactions that usually result in other pollutants. Then, as smoke containing these chemicals travels and settles over other cities, it can mix with even more local pollution. Research also suggests that those chemicals and particles, both possibly harmful, can combine to make their respective health risks even worse. 1．What is the main topic of the text? A．The causes of wildfires. B．Climate change impact. C．Preventing urban wildfires. D．Health risks of wildfire smoke. 2．Why is PM2.5 from wildfire smoke dangerous? A．It enters the lungs. B．It travels far. C．It’s larger in size. D．It’s only from fires. 3．What’s a key difference between urban and woodland wildfires? A．Urban fires affect more trees. B．Urban fires burn less material. C．Urban fires release more pollutants. D．Urban fires produce less smoke. 4．What will probably happen when wildfire smoke is exposed to sunlight? A．It changes color. B．It becomes harmless. C．It quickly disappears. D．It forms other pollutants. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了野火烟雾对健康的危害，分析了其成分、来源及在城市与林地火灾中的差异，并指出烟雾在阳光下的反应会加剧污染。 1．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Last month, a series of wildfires broke out in southern California, killing dozens of people. The clouds of smoke can even be seen from space.(上个月，加利福尼亚南部爆发了一系列野火，导致数十人丧生。从太空中甚至都能看到烟雾云团)”和第二段中“Such smoke can contain an unpredictable chemicals linked with heart and lung diseases and even cancer. Here’s what makes wild-fire smoke so dangerous. (这种烟雾可能含有与心脏病、肺病甚至癌症有关的不可预测的化学物质。这就是野火烟雾如此危险的原因)”可知，文章主要讨论了野火烟雾对健康的危害。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“If they’re smaller than 2. 5 micrometers in diameter (直径), they can get through our body’s natural defenses when breathed in and go deep into the lungs, causing many health problems. Such particles, called PM2. 5, is a common pollutant. (如果它们的直径小于2.5微米，吸入时就能突破人体的自然防御，深入肺部，引发许多健康问题。这种颗粒被称为PM2.5，是一种常见的污染物)”可知，PM2.5之所以危险，是因为它能进入肺部，引发健康问题。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“A 2023 study found that the quantity of harmful chemicals released during urban wildfires was more than 1,000 times larger than that in fires happening in woodland areas. (2023年的一项研究发现，城市野火释放的有害化学物质数量是林地火灾的1000多倍)”可知，城市野火与林地野火的关键区别在于城市野火释放的污染物更多。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“What’s worse, over time, the smoke is exposed to sunlight. The radiation can cause a set of reactions that usually result in other pollutants. (更糟糕的是，随着时间的推移，烟雾会暴露在阳光下。辐射会引起一系列反应，通常会产生其他污染物)”可知，野火烟雾暴露在阳光下会形成其他污染物。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下四川省自贡·期末） As climate change leads to more frequent and extreme weather events, water experts from around the world are urging greater use of digital technology to improve the management of dams and reservoirs (水库). At a recent international conference held during the 28th International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) Congress in Chengdu, China, experts emphasized the importance of modernizing dam systems to face new global challenges. Michel Lino, president of ICOLD, mentioned the critical role of dams in dealing with global challenges. “We are facing common challenges,” he stressed. “Whether it is climate change, aging infrastructure, water shortage, environmental pressure or extreme weather events, they are not limited to one country or one region. These problems go beyond borders and call for collective solutions,” he emphasized. Lino also warned that the engineering standards of traditional dam design and construction are now being tested by emerging risks, including more intense floods driven by climate change. China’s Vice Minister of Water Resources, Wang Baoen, also noted the vital role of dams in managing floods, providing water, and supporting ecosystems. “But in the face of increasingly extreme weather events, the growing impact of human activities and the rapid advancement of socioeconomic development, humanity is faced with significant global challenges in ensuring the high-quality development and safety of reservoirs,” Wang said. To tackle these challenges, China has been using advanced information technology to improve dam monitoring and safety. One of China’s latest innovations is the development of “digital twins” — virtual models that simulate (模拟) the behavior and performance of dams under different conditions. These digital systems help engineers predict problems precisely. They are seen as a cutting-edge solution to improve dam design, operations and risk management. Wang said China is committed to sharing its approaches and experience with the global community. Experts believe that through smarter technology, stronger regulations, and better global coordination, dams can continue to play a major role in addressing climate challenges and securing a sustainable future. 1．What is Michel Lino’s main point in Paragraph 2? A．Global challenges require joint efforts worldwide. B．Traditional dams can no longer deal with new issues. C．Every country is to blame for extreme weather events. D．Dams are primarily responsible for environmental issues. 2．Which challenge is mentioned by both Michel Lino and Wang Baoen? A．Severe environmental pressure. B．Rapid development of economy. C．Negative impact of human activities. D．Increasingly extreme weather events. 3．How do digital twins help with dam management? A．By imitating real dam performance. B．By reducing risks of flooding. C．By letting machines handle dam tasks. D．By providing accurate predictions alone. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．International Cooperation for Shared Future B．The Role of Dams to Address Climate Challenges C．Global Call for Smart System in Dam Management D．China’s Leadership in Digital Solutions for Reservoir Safety 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球专家呼吁用数字技术改进大坝管理以应对挑战。 【详解】96．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Michel Lino, president of ICOLD, mentioned the critical role of dams in dealing with global challenges. “We are facing common challenges,” he stressed. “Whether it is climate change, aging infrastructure, water shortage, environmental pressure or extreme weather events, they are not limited to one country or one region. These problems go beyond borders and call for collective solutions,” he emphasized. (国际大坝委员会主席Michel Lino提到，大坝在应对全球挑战中发挥着关键作用。“我们正面临共同的挑战，”他强调道，“无论是气候变化、基础设施老化、水资源短缺、环境压力，还是极端天气事件，这些问题都不只局限于一个国家或一个地区。它们跨越国界，需要集体性的解决方案。”他着重指出)”可推知，Michel Lino的核心观点是全球挑战需要世界各国共同努力。故选A。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中Michel Lino所说的“Whether it is climate change, aging infrastructure, water shortage, environmental pressure or extreme weather events, they are not limited to one country or one region. (无论是气候变化、基础设施老化、水资源短缺、环境压力还是极端天气事件，都不局限于一个国家或一个地区)”和第三段中““But in the face of increasingly extreme weather events, the growing impact of human activities and the rapid advancement of socioeconomic development, humanity is faced with significant global challenges in ensuring the high-quality development and safety of reservoirs,” Wang said. (“但面对日益频发的极端天气事件、人类活动不断扩大的影响以及社会经济的快速发展，人类在确保水库高质量发展和安全方面面临着重大的全球性挑战。”王宝恩说道)”可知，两人都提到了日益极端的天气事件。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“One of China’s latest innovations is the development of ‘digital twins’ — virtual models that simulate (模拟) the behavior and performance of dams under different conditions. These digital systems help engineers predict problems precisely. (中国最新的创新之一是开发“数字孪生”——虚拟模型，模拟不同条件下大坝的行为和性能。这些数字系统帮助工程师精确预测问题)”可知，数字孪生技术通过模拟真实大坝的性能来帮助大坝管理。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“As climate change leads to more frequent and extreme weather events, water experts from around the world are urging greater use of digital technology to improve the management of dams and reservoirs (水库). At a recent international conference held during the 28th International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) Congress in Chengdu, China, experts emphasized the importance of modernizing dam systems to face new global challenges.(随着气候变化导致极端天气事件更加频繁，世界各地的水资源专家正在敦促更多地使用数字技术来改善水坝和水库的管理。最近在中国成都举行的第28届国际大坝委员会（ICOLD）大会期间举行的一次国际会议上，专家们强调了大坝系统现代化以应对新的全球挑战的重要性)”可知，文章围绕气候变化下大坝管理展开，强调全球专家呼吁利用数字技术改进大坝管理，C选项“Global Call for Smart System in Dam Management (全球呼吁大坝管理采用智能系统)”准确概括主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选C。 主题03 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下四川雅安·期末） Painting rooftops white or covering them with a reflective coating is the most effective method of keeping the air temperature down in a city like London during a heatwave. These "cool roofs” should perform better than solar panels, green roofs or adding more trees at ground level. Oscar Brousse at University College London and his colleagues ran climate simulations (模拟) to see how London's temperature during the two hottest days of summer in 2018 would have changed if the city had made widespread use of cooling measures, from cool roofs to air conditioning, along with solar panels, which have a cooling effect. Temperatures that summer peaked at 35.6℃. Cool roofs outperformed all the other interventions, the team found, lowering average outdoor temperatures in the city over the two-day period by 1.2℃, and by as much as 2℃ in certain locations with roofs painted white. By comparison, additional tree cover only curbed air temperatures by about 0.3℃, while solar panels cut them by 0.5℃. The study also found that widespread use of air conditioning might keep internal temperatures cool, but would boost outdoor air temperatures by up to 1℃ in parts of central London. “For London, what worked the most for reducing outdoor temperatures at a pedestrian level was the cool roofs,” says Brousse. Although the study uses only two days of data for the simulations, Brousse says it is broadly in line with similar published research. Placing reflective coatings or lightening roof surfaces across London would be a relatively easy and low-cost climate adaptation, he says. “I see barely any reason not to start doing it wisely.” There are reasons beyond cooling to apply other technologies too, though, he says. Trees and green roofs can boost biodiversity and resident well-being, for example, while solar panels provide clean power. A 2023 report by the Greater London Authority suggested that cool roofs may become an increasing policy focus for city officials as summer temperatures rise because of climate change. “With temperatures in London projected to increase, and with more occurrences of heatwaves, reflective roofs are likely to be a key component of climate adaptation strategy,” the report says. 1．Which is the best way to cool the temperature in the city during the hottest days? A．Cool roofs. B．Air conditioning. C．Solar panels. D．More trees. 2．What does the underlined word “curb” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Add. B．Decrease. C．Increase. D．Remove. 3．What is the feature of cool roofs? A．They are cost-efficient. B．They can boost biodiversity. C．They can produce clean energy. D．They can completely lower the temperatures. 4．Which word can best describe the future of cool roofs in London? A．Uncertain. B．Limited. C．Promising. D．Hopeless. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了凉爽屋顶是城市降温最有效方法及相关研究和前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Painting rooftops white or covering them with a reflective coating is the most effective method of keeping the air temperature down in a city like London during a heatwave.(在热浪期间，将屋顶涂成白色或用反光涂层覆盖屋顶是降低伦敦等城市气温的最有效方法)”以及第三段中“Cool roofs outperformed all the other interventions, the team found, lowering average outdoor temperatures in the city over the two-day period by 1.2℃, and by as much as 2℃ in certain locations with roofs painted white.(研究团队发现，冷却屋顶的表现优于所有其他干预措施，在为期两天的监测期内，该市平均室外气温降低了1.2℃，而在一些屋顶被漆成白色的地方，气温降幅更是高达2℃)”可知，在热浪期间，冷却屋顶是给城市降温的最佳方式。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Cool roofs outperformed all the other interventions, the team found, lowering average outdoor temperatures in the city over the two-day period by 1.2℃, and by as much as 2℃ in certain locations with roofs painted white. By comparison, additional tree cover only curbed air temperatures by about 0.3℃.(研究小组发现，冷却屋顶的表现优于所有其他干预措施，在两天的时间里，该市平均室外温度降低了1.2℃，而在一些屋顶被漆成白色的地方，室外温度降低了2℃。相比之下，额外的树木覆盖仅使气温curbed约0.3℃)”可知，冷却屋顶降温效果更好，此处是将冷却屋顶和增加树木覆盖的降温效果进行对比，由此可推测出，增加树木覆盖只能使气温“降低”约0.3℃，curbed意为“降低”，与Decrease意思相近。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Placing reflective coatings or lightening roof surfaces across London would be a relatively easy and low-cost climate adaptation, he says.(他说，在整个伦敦放置反光涂层或减轻屋顶表面将是一种相对简单且低成本的气候适应方式)”可知，冷却屋顶的特点是成本效益高。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““With temperatures in London projected to increase, and with more occurrences of heatwaves, reflective roofs are likely to be a key component of climate adaptation strategy,” the report says.(该报告称：“随着伦敦气温预计将上升，且热浪天气愈发频繁，反光屋顶很可能成为气候适应战略的关键组成部分。”)”可知，随着伦敦气温预计上升，热浪发生频率增加，反光屋顶很可能成为气候适应战略的关键组成部分，由此可推测出，冷却屋顶在伦敦的未来是“有希望的”。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下四川省南充·期末） An Anna’s Hummingbird (蜂鸟) was seen in the forest in California recently. As it moved its head, its feathers changed colours in the sunlight. The Anna’s Hummingbird is a small hummingbird found along the west coast of North America. The male Anna’s Hummingbird has colourful feathers on its head and throat, which can appear red, pink, orange, or green. This has led to the assumption that the bird can actively change the colour of its feathers, but it is actually not the case. The colour shifts we see are caused by the structure of the feathers, not by changes to the actual colouring of the feathers. The tiny structures on the surface of the feathers interact with light waves to produce certain colours. Anna’s Hummingbird feathers have tiny structures called melanosomes (黑色素体) that look like stacked flat discs (圆片). These disc stacks are super thin, close to the size of the light waves we can see. When sunlight hits these discs, the light waves bounce and interact with each other. Some colours get brighter, while others cancel out, creating shining rainbow effects — similar to how soap bubbles. This “light dance” is why hummingbird feathers look so colourful! Unlike Anna’s Hummingbirds, some birds change the colour of their feathers in a different way. For example, the Western Tanager has yellow feathers on its head and body. During molting (蜕毛), it can absorb the yellow colour to reveal an orange-red colour underneath. Thus, while Anna’s Hummingbirds rely purely on the structures of feathers, other birds actively control the colour spread and feather movement to generate changeable feathers. The special feather structures in Anna’s Hummingbirds allow us to witness the diversity and wonder of the world. Next time you observe an Anna’s Hummingbird in the sun, watch closely as its throat seems to flash in rainbow colours. But remember — this magic is happening in the structures through physics, not biology. 1．What can we learn about Anna’s Hummingbirds according to the passage? A．Their migration happens along the coast of America. B．They move their ways towards the position of the sun. C．Their wings are covered with colourful feathers. D．They are unable to control the colour changes. 2．What causes the colour changes of Anna’s Hummingbirds? A．The high brightness of their feathers. B．The actual colouring of their feathers. C．The surface structure of their feathers. D．The seasonal changes of their feathers. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the Western Tanager? A．It absorbs various light waves. B．It actively changes the colour of the feathers. C．It mainly generates the yellow colour feathers. D．It depends on its head to change colours. 4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To advocate for the conservation of Anna’s Hummingbirds. B．To explain the biological process of feather colour changes. C．To highlight the diversity and wonder of physics in nature. D．To compare colour-changing ways among different birds. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了安娜蜂鸟羽毛颜色变化的原理及与其他鸟类变色方式的区别，凸显自然中物理的奇妙。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This has led to the assumption that the bird can actively change the colour of its feathers, but it is actually not the case.(这导致人们假设这种鸟能主动改变羽毛的颜色，但实际上并非如此)”可知，安娜蜂鸟无法控制颜色的变化。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The colour shifts we see are caused by the structure of the feathers, not by changes to the actual colouring of the feathers.(我们看到的颜色变化是由羽毛的结构引起的，而不是由羽毛实际颜色的变化引起的)”可知，安娜蜂鸟羽毛颜色变化是由羽毛表面结构引起的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Unlike Anna’s Hummingbirds, some birds change the colour of their feathers in a different way. For example, the Western Tanager has yellow feathers on its head and body. During molting (蜕毛), it can absorb the yellow colour to reveal an orange-red colour underneath.(与安娜蜂鸟不同，有些鸟以不同的方式改变羽毛的颜色。例如，西方黄林莺的头部和身体上有黄色的羽毛。在蜕毛期间，它可以吸收黄色，露出下面的橙红色)”可知，西方黄林莺主动改变羽毛的颜色。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The special feather structures in Anna’s Hummingbirds allow us to witness the diversity and wonder of the world.(安娜蜂鸟特殊的羽毛结构让我们见证了世界的多样性和奇妙)”以及“But remember — this magic is happening in the structures through physics, not biology.(但请记住——这种神奇是通过物理在结构中发生的，而不是生物学)”可知，最后一段的目的是强调自然中物理的多样性和奇妙。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下四川遂宁·期末） You’ve probably heard the saying that the eyes are the windows to the soul, but now it turns out that they’re also connected to how we breathe. Our pupils (瞳孔) constantly adjust to light, focus, and emotions. The most common fact is that they control how much light entering eyes: look into a mirror and shine a light into your eyes, and your pupils narrow. Doctors use this to check brain health — for example, unresponsive pupils may signal stroke. Pupils also shrink (收缩) when focusing nearby but expand during hard thinking or strong feelings. This process affects how we see things. Bigger pupils help spot dim (暗淡的) objects in side vision; Smaller pupils sharpen focus for reading. Because pupil size also reflects mental effort, scientists track it to study attention in psychology experiments.   For decades, these pupil reactions were the only ones that scientists were aware of. Now, my team and I have corroborated that breathing is a new one. Through a series of five experiments with more than 200 participants, we have proved that pupil size is the smallest at the start of breathing in and the largest while breathing out. Although the changes in pupils are tiny — smaller than the pupil reaction to light but similar to that to mental effort or more intense emotions — they are in theory large enough to influence our vision. Meanwhile, different from other pupil reactions, this one originates only in the body and happens all the time. Just like the reaction of our pupils to light, breathing may also be used to detect early symptoms of brain-related problems. What’s more, if our breathing affects how our pupils change, could it also shape how we perceive the world around us? Our study opens the door to new insights on how natural body cycles shape our vision, as scientists are finding more and more proof that our brains don’t process external information individually — they combine signals from within our bodies, too. For example, information from our heart and stomach might also influence how we see the world around us. 1．What is the best-known function of pupils adjusting to light? A．To improve side vision. B．To detect emotional changes. C．To check brain health condition. D．To regulate the amount of light into eyes. 2．What does the underlined word “corroborate” mean in paragraph 3? A．Imagine. B．Confirm. C．Question. D．Change. 3．What potential medical application is suggested by the author’s study? A．Reducing mental effort in daily tasks. B．Treating stroke through pupil analysis. C．Improving vision in low-light conditions. D．Detecting early signs of brain diseases via breathing. 4．Which is the best title of the article? A．Breathing Affects Vision B．From Light to Mental Effort C．Link Between Emotion and Vision D．Detect Health via Eye Movement 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了呼吸与瞳孔变化的关联。 【详解】41．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The most common fact is that they control how much light entering eyes: look into a mirror and shine a light into your eyes, and your pupils narrow.(最常见的事实是，它们控制着进入眼睛的光量：对着镜子，把光射进眼睛，瞳孔就会缩小)”可知，瞳孔最广为人知的功能是调节进入眼睛的光量。故选D。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“For decades, these pupil reactions were the only ones that scientists were aware of.(几十年来，这些瞳孔反应是科学家们所知的仅有的几种)”以及下文“Through a series of five experiments with more than 200 participants, we have proved that pupil size is the smallest at the start of breathing in and the largest while breathing out.(通过一系列对200多名参与者进行的五项实验，我们证明了瞳孔大小在吸气开始时最小，呼气时最大)”可知，作者团队通过一系列实验证明了呼吸是一种新的影响瞳孔的因素，故划线词与B项Confirm“证实”意义相近。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Just like the reaction of our pupils to light, breathing may also be used to detect early symptoms of brain-related problems.(就像我们的瞳孔对光的反应一样，呼吸也可以用来检测大脑相关问题的早期症状)”可知，研究表明通过呼吸检测大脑疾病的早期迹象。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“You’ve probably heard the saying that the eyes are the windows to the soul, but now it turns out that they’re also connected to how we breathe.(你可能听过这样一句话：眼睛是心灵的窗户，但现在事实证明，它们也与我们如何呼吸有关)”可知，文章开篇点明眼睛与呼吸有关联，后文围绕瞳孔变化与呼吸的关系展开，说明呼吸对视觉的影响，A 选项“呼吸影响视觉” 概括了文章核心内容，适合作为文章的标题。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下四川省凉山州·期末） The traditional Chinese therapy of cupping is about creating a vacuum by burning something inside a jar and quickly placing the jar on the selected skin area. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), cupping helps draw out inner toxins (毒素) and promotes the flow of “qi” and blood, easing swelling and reducing pain. There is a saying in China: With acupuncture (针灸) and cupping, more than half of the illnesses are cured. Historical records on cupping can date back to the Qin dynasty, when it was called the horn therapy. It gradually developed in the Southern and Northern dynasties, becoming a Taoist medical practice and widely used in the courts of Imperial China. In the Sui dynasty and the Tang dynasty, the cupping method was improved, and bamboo jars replaced animal horns. In the Ming dynasty, cupping became a key treatment in TCM. The present name was coined in the Qing dynasty when the jar used began to be made of pottery. These days, many practitioners use cups made of thick glass or plastic, though bamboo and pottery cups are still used in some places. Glass cups are the preferred cups because they do not break as easily as pottery or deteriorate like bamboo, and they allow doctors to observe the skin and evaluate the effects of treatment. There are several methods of cupping, and one of them is “sustained cupping”. After applying the cup, leave it on for about 10 minutes for adults and 3 minutes for children, then remove it. This is the standard method for treating various common conditions. Another method, called movable cupping, combines cupping and scraping (刮). First, apply lubricant (润滑油) to the skin. Then, attach the cup and slide it along a chosen path until bruising occurs before removing it. The third method is called “quick cupping”. The cup is sucked onto the skin, immediately removed and then put back again. This procedure is repeated until the treated skin turns red. 1．According to the TCM theory, what is the main function of cupping? A．To create patterns on the selected skin area. B．To remove toxins and restore energy flow. C．To cure more than half of the illnesses. D．To test the heat resistance of different materials. 2．What can we infer about the development of cupping in Chinese history? A．It was only used by the royal family throughout history. B．It has always been a key treatment in Chinese history. C．The medical effects have changed significantly. D．The materials used for cups have evolved over time. 3．What does the underlined word “deteriorate” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Become damaged over time. B．Gain medical effectiveness. C．Change color permanently. D．Absorb toxins quickly. 4．Why does the author write this passage? A．To compare different traditional Chinese therapies. B．To explain why cupping is losing popularity today. C．To introduce the history and techniques of cupping therapy. D．To argue for the superiority of TCM over Western medicine. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拔罐疗法的历史和技术。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), cupping helps draw out inner toxins (毒素) and promotes the flow of “qi” and blood, easing swelling and reducing pain.(根据中医理论，拔火罐有助于排出体内毒素，促进“气”和血液的流动，缓解肿胀和减轻疼痛。)”可知，根据中医理论，拔罐的主要作用是清除毒素并恢复气血流动。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Historical records on cupping can date back to the Qin dynasty, when it was called the horn therapy. It gradually developed in the Southern and Northern dynasties, becoming a Taoist medical practice and widely used in the courts of Imperial China. In the Sui dynasty and the Tang dynasty, the cupping method was improved, and bamboo jars replaced animal horns. In the Ming dynasty, cupping became a key treatment in TCM. The present name was coined in the Qing dynasty when the jar used began to be made of pottery.(关于拔罐的历史记载可以追溯到秦朝，当时它被称为角疗法。它在南北朝时期逐渐发展，成为道教的一种医疗实践，并广泛应用于中国帝国的宫廷。隋唐时期，拔罐的方法得到了改进，用竹罐代替了兽角。在明代，拔罐成为中医的一种重要治疗方法。现在的名字是在清朝创造的，当时使用的罐子开始由陶器制成。)”和第三段中“These days, many practitioners use cups made of thick glass or plastic, though bamboo and pottery cups are still used in some places.(如今，许多从业者使用厚玻璃或塑料制成的杯子，尽管一些地方仍在使用竹制和陶制的杯子。)”可知，从中国历史上拔罐的发展来看，拔罐材料从秦朝的角疗法到隋唐的竹罐，再到清朝的陶罐，现代多用玻璃或塑料，我们可以推测出拔罐的材料随着时间的推移而演变。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“they do not break as easily as pottery(因为它们不像陶器那样容易破碎)”说明玻璃不易受损，结合竹子作为天然材料易老化，从而推知划线词句“or deteriorate like bamboo(也不像竹子那样容易deteriorate)”其中划线词为“变坏，损坏”的意思，与A项“随着时间的推移而受损”同义。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“The traditional Chinese therapy of cupping is about creating a vacuum by burning something inside a jar and quickly placing the jar on the selected skin area.(传统的中国拔火罐疗法是通过在罐子里燃烧一些东西，然后迅速将罐子放在选定的皮肤区域来制造真空。)”可知，本文主要介绍了拔罐疗法的历史和技术，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍拔罐疗法的历史和技术。故选C项。 主题04 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下四川自贡·期末） Indoor green spaces, even small ones, have benefits for our physical and mental well-being. Easy to care for and full of charm, these houseplants bring both beauty and wellness into our home. Peace Lily The name “peace lily” definitely evokes a sense of calm, but sensitive to drought and excessive heat. Peace lilies can live for years and continuously produce broad white flowers that resemble a peace flag. They’re easy to take care of and don’t need much light. Just keep them out of reach from pets and small children. Rubber Plants Rubber plants, also called rubber trees, make for great indoor houseplants. They’re generally easy to take care of and only need to be watered every week or so. They must be kept away from any pets and young children, as they’re known to be highly toxic when swallowed. Elephant Ear Plants If you want to spend a little more time with your houseplants, try elephant ear plants. Elephant ear plants are instantly recognizable by their big, heart-shaped leaves. One thing to watch out for: the leaves of this plant contain harmful elements that, when eaten, can cause symptoms such as blisters in the mouth, nausea and vomiting, and severe swelling of the tongue, mouth and eyes. Snake Plants Also known as mother-in-law’s tongues, the snake plant is known for having tall leaves that grow vertically. But there are many varieties of snake plants. Some have striking yellow accents; other types are long and curvy; and still others are cute and spiky. The plants should only be watered when the soil is dry. Keep them out of reach of pets, as they’re considered toxic to cats and dogs. 1．Which is the best option for those enjoying flowering plants? A．Peace Lily. B．Snake Plant. C．Elephant Ear Plants. D．Rubber Plants. 2．What is a feature of snake plants according to the text? A．They are easy to take care of. B．They need watering every day. C．They have different kinds of types. D．They are poisonous for young children. 3．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A diary. B．A magazine. C．A novel. D．An advertisement. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种室内绿植的特点、养护及注意事项。 1．细节理解题。根据Peace Lily部分中“Peace lilies can live for years and continuously produce broad white flowers that resemble a peace flag. (和平百合可以存活多年，并持续开出像和平旗一样的宽大白色花朵)”可知，和平百合可以持续开花，所以对于喜欢开花植物的人来说，和平百合是最好的选择。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据Snake Plants部分“But there are many varieties of snake plants. Some have striking yellow accents; other types are long and curvy; and still others are cute and spiky. (但是蛇草有很多种。有些有醒目的黄色点缀；其他品种细长弯曲；还有些小巧多刺)”可知，蛇草有很多种类型。故选C。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“Indoor green spaces, even small ones, have benefits for our physical and mental well-being. Easy to care for and full of charm, these houseplants bring both beauty and wellness into our home. (室内绿色空间，即便面积很小，也对我们的身心健康有益。这些室内植物易于养护且充满魅力，为我们的家带来美感与健康)”可知，文章主要介绍了四种室内植物的特点以及养护注意事项，内容具有科普性和实用性，符合杂志的文体特征。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下四川省乐山·期末） Why take a cruise (游轮) vacation? If you have a place on your life list, chances are a cruise will get you there—provided the destination is along a coastline or inland waterway. Cruising offers a great value, with trips that include your ship accommodations, meals and entertainment—all rolled into one. And best of all, cruising means seeing the world conveniently after unpacking only once. Cruises also provide a wonderful option for families, with many ships offering things like fun clubs for kids and teens. But you need to notice that while most are free, nursery programs can cost extra. What are Tips for Finding Cheap Cruises? If you’re a flexible traveler, you’ll have a better chance of finding cheap cruises. Take a cruise that doesn’t sail over the summer or holidays, when prices are highest. Book an inside cabin (船舱), or take your chances with a “guarantee cabin,” ideal for passengers who aren’t picky about their stateroom (特等舱) location but really want the lowest price available. What are Tips to Finding Last - Minute Cruise Deals? It’s particularly helpful if you live near a cruise port and can quickly drive there. That way you’ll probably be able to jump on those deals that might pop up just a week or two before the ship is scheduled to sail. Or if you don’t have flexibility with either departure dates or boarding locations, don’t insist on exact destinations. This will allow you to find a wider range of last-minute deals traveling to locations in their off-seasons (淡季). 1．What is an advantage of a cruise vacation? A．It offers accommodation on land trips. B．All service options on cruise trips are free. C．You don’t need to unpack luggage during the trip. D．Cruises can reach any destination on your travel list. 2．Which strategy helps travelers find a low cruise price? A．Travelling with family members. B．Booking during summer holidays. C．Choosing an inside or guarantee cabin. D．Prioritizing staterooms with ocean views. 3．What can improve travelers’ chances of getting last-minute cruise deals? A．Choosing specific destinations. B．Driving to the distant ports. C．Setting the departure dates early. D．Being open to destinations. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乘坐游轮度假的好处，以及寻找廉价游轮旅行和最后一分钟游轮特价旅行的小贴士。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“And best of all, cruising means seeing the world conveniently after unpacking only once(最重要的是，游轮旅行意味着只需打开一次行李就能方便地看世界)”可知，游轮旅行的好处是旅行中不需要一直打开行李，即不需要一直整理行李。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Book an inside cabin (船舱), or take your chances with a “guarantee cabin,” ideal for passengers who aren’t picky about their stateroom (特等舱) location but really want the lowest price available.(预订一个内部船舱，或者试试“保证船舱”，这对那些对特等舱位置不挑剔但真的想要最低价格的乘客来说很理想)”可知，选择内部船舱或“保证船舱”可以帮助旅行者找到较低的游轮价格。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“Or if you don’t have flexibility with either departure dates or boarding locations, don’t insist on exact destinations. This will allow you to find a wider range of last-minute deals traveling to locations in their off-seasons (淡季).(或者，如果你对出发日期或登船地点都没有灵活性，就不要坚持确切的目的地。这将使你能够在淡季找到更多前往不同地点的最后一分钟特价旅行)”可知，对目的地保持开放态度可以提高旅行者获得最后一分钟游轮特价旅行的机会。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下四川省南充·期末） According to the American Time Use Survey, an average grocery trip takes more than 40 minutes. That may not sound like much, but the task can be time-consuming on busy days, largely due to many decisions. A study found that the average American consumer makes about 227 choices regarding food every day. Barry Schwartz, the psychologist and author of The Paradox of Choice, connects consumer hesitation to an increase in dissatisfaction. Even after making a choice, you can doubt whether you made the right one. It seems what we could really use at the grocery store is not more choices, but fewer. Fortunately, there exists a part of the retail sector (零售) I think of as the “single-option store” or SOS. The offerings there are deliberately reduced, typically leaving only a handful of each item to choose from. Perhaps the best example is Aldi (奥乐齐). It sells the basic grocery items, while largely avoiding name brands. Instead, it provides its own line of items. The time I save from choosing among the pared-down choices means I often get my shopping done much faster through the store. Efficiency is what we are after. While the SOS model reduces certain frustrations, it has some limitations. Any Aldi’s shopper will know the annoyance of searching in vain for some specialty item needed to complete a recipe, like a particular sauce. A person may also not like an SOS brand’s particular item. Sometimes the brands I like aren’t sold at Aldi, and the store’s option just doesn’t measure up. Still, the SOS is effective at what it does: providing limited, mid-tier-quality food options, and maybe reducing my hundreds of daily decisions. I’ll gladly take that trade-off for the time it saves me, as well as the mental space it clears. Now, I can head to my local SOS and enjoy the freedom of not having to make any choice at all. 1．What effect do too many choices have on consumers according to Schwartz? A．They encourage consumers to buy more. B．They increase consumers’ confidence in their choices. C．They cause consumers to feel frustrated and dissatisfied. D．They give consumers a greater sense of freedom in their options. 2．What does the underlined word “pared-down” mean in paragraph 3? A．Simplified. B．Expanded. C．Complicated. D．Tailored. 3．What can we know about the SOS model? A．The quality of food there is very low. B．It provides only one brand for each product category. C．Shoppers have to spend more time choosing products. D．Specialty items needed for certain recipes may not be available. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward the SOS model? A．Supportive. B．Cautious. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了购物选择过多给消费者带来的困扰，介绍了“单一选项商店”（SOS）模式，它虽有减少选择、提高效率的优点，但也存在局限性，作者权衡后对该模式持支持态度。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Barry Schwartz, the psychologist and author of The Paradox of Choice, connects consumer hesitation to an increase in dissatisfaction. Even after making a choice, you can doubt whether you made the right one.(心理学家、《选择的悖论》一书的作者巴里·施瓦茨将消费者的犹豫与不满情绪的增加联系起来。即使做出了选择，你也可能怀疑自己是否做出了正确的选择)”可知，施瓦茨认为过多的选择会导致消费者感到沮丧和不满。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Fortunately, there exists a part of the retail sector (零售) I think of as the “single-option store” or SOS. The offerings there are deliberately reduced, typically leaving only a handful of each item to choose from.(幸运的是，我认为零售业中有一部分是“单一选择商店”或SOS。那里的商品供应被刻意减少，通常每种商品只留下少数几种可供选择)”和“The time I save from choosing among the pared-down choices means I often get my shopping done much faster through the store.(从pared-down选择中节省下来的时间意味着我经常在商店里更快地完成购物)”可知，在零售业的“单一选择商店”或SOS模式中商品供应被刻意减少，“pared-down”所在句表示从这些简化后的选择中挑选，所以“pared-down”意思是“Simplified (简化的)”。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Any Aldi’s shopper will know the annoyance of searching in vain for some specialty item needed to complete a recipe, like a particular sauce.(任何一个在奥乐齐购物的人都知道，为了完成一道菜而寻找某种特色食材（比如某种特定的酱料）却一无所获的烦恼)”可知，SOS模式下特定食谱所需的特色食材可能无法买到。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, the SOS is effective at what it does: providing limited, mid-tier-quality food options, and maybe reducing my hundreds of daily decisions. I’ll gladly take that trade-off for the time it saves me, as well as the mental space it clears.(尽管如此，SOS模式在其所能做的方面是有效的：提供有限的、中等质量的食物选择，也许还能减少我每天数百个决策。我很乐意用这些来换取它为我节省的时间以及它为我腾出的思维空间)”可知，作者认为SOS模式在提供选择和减少决策方面有效，且乐意接受这种模式带来的好处，所以作者对SOS模式持支持态度。故选A项。 主题01 人与社会——文学艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25 学年高二下・四川广安・6 月期末） Elizabeth Galicia, her 2-year-old daughter Ivy’ona and a class of preschoolers hung out in the shade near the preschool’s temporary outdoor reading area on a recent Thursday. “Remember how I told you about families?” Elizabeth asked Ivy’ona. “Yes,” the preschooler replied. “Yes, and how someone like you, and someone like me, matter?” Elizabeth said. “Matter,” Ivy’ona repeated. Pages from the book Every Child Matters are taped to yard signs lining a path near Daybreak Star Preschool in Seattle’s Magnolia neighborhood. It’s part of Seattle Public Library’s StoryWalks, which highlight Native American history and culture. Elizabeth works at Daybreak Star Preschool. She said there’s a change in kids when they have story time outside. “You can see that they’re so excited they want to run out,” she said. “And then they get so surprised. ‘What is this? Can you tell me more?’ They ask many questions.” This is the fourth year Seattle Public Library has partnered with Daybreak Star Preschool to pick four books. Each book will spend a week at one of four locations in Magnolia. This year the library is handing out passports for families to check off when they visit each location and read each book. “As you’re going through the StoryWalk, look at your passport,” said Lori Walsh, director at Daybreak Star. “There are suggested questions that you can talk with your family members about to kind of enrich the story experience.” She said the books picked for the StoryWalks feature characters that reflect the preschool’s students and their families. “We want the people to look like the people they see in their families, so they make that connection,” Walsh said. And that idea rang true for 2-year-old Ivy’ona. When asked what her favorite part of the StoryWalk at Daybreak Star was, she pointed to the book cover of Every Child Matters. It’s an illustration of a mother and her child. “That’s my mom. That’s me,” she said. 1．What is the purpose of Seattle Public Library’s StoryWalks? A．To strengthen family bonds. B．To boost community spirit. C．To promote cultural awareness. D．To build parent - school cooperation. 2．How does outdoor story time benefit children? A．It makes them more inquiring. B．It helps them learn to read faster. C．It teaches them more about nature. D．It gets them to know the school layout. 3．What function is expected of the passports? A．To explain the illustrations in the books. B．To direct families to each StoryWalk location. C．To encourage children to write their own stories. D．To inspire family conversations about the books. 4．Why did Ivy’ona feel connected to Every Child Matters? A．The book was about her school. B．The book was read by her teacher. C．The cover showed her and her mom. D．The story reminded her of her family. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了西雅图公共图书馆的“故事漫步”活动，该活动旨在通过阅读来促进文化意识。 1．细节理解题。根据第六段中“It’s part of Seattle Public Library’s StoryWalks, which highlight Native American history and culture. (这是西雅图公共图书馆“故事漫步”的一部分，该项目突出美洲原住民的历史和文化。 )” 可知，其目的是提升文化认知。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第七段中“She said there’s a change in kids when they have story time outside. “You can see that they’re so excited they want to run out,” she said. “And then they get so surprised. ‘What is this? Can you tell me more?’ They ask many questions.” (她说，当孩子们在户外听故事时，会有所改变。“你能看出来，他们兴奋得想要跑出去，”她说，“然后他们会非常惊讶。‘这是什么？你能给我多讲讲吗？’他们会问很多问题。”)”可知，户外讲故事时间能让孩子变得更好奇，更善于思考，能教会他们更多关于自然的知识。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第八段中“This year the library is handing out passports for families to check off when they visit each location and read each book. “As you’re going through the StoryWalk, look at your passport,” said Lori Walsh, director at Daybreak Star. “There are suggested questions that you can talk with your family members about to kind of enrich the story experience.” (今年，图书馆还会给家庭发放护照，家庭每到一个地点阅读一本书，就可以在护照上打卡记录。“在你们进行“故事漫步”时，看看你们的护照，”“黎明之星”的负责人洛里·沃尔什说，“上面有一些建议的问题，你们可以和家人一起讨论，以丰富故事体验。”)”可知，发放护照是期望激发家庭关于书籍的交流。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When asked what her favorite part of the Story Walk at Daybreak Star was, she pointed to the book cover of Every Child Matters. It’s an illustration of a mother and her child. (当被问及她在“黎明之星”“故事漫步”活动中最喜欢的部分是什么时，她指了指《每个孩子都重要》的封面。封面上是一幅母亲和孩子的插画。)” 和最后一段““That’s my mom. That’s me,” she said. (“那是我妈妈。那是我。”她说。)”可知，莉莉奥娜觉得《每个孩子都很重要》这本书很吸引她是因为封面是她和她的妈妈。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25 学年高二下・四川成都蓉城名校期末） A typical large tree can suck up to 40 kilograms of CO2 out of the air over the course of a year. Now scientists at UC Berkeley say they can do the same job with less than half a pound of a yellow powder called COF-999. COF-999 was designed to trap the greenhouse gas, and then release it when it’s ready to be stored away someplace. COF-999 could be used in the kinds of large-scale direct air-capture plants that are starting to come online to reduce the amount of CO2. Keeping the concentration of atmospheric CO2 below 450 parts per million (ppm) is necessary to limit global warming to 2℃ above preindustrial levels and prevent some of the most awful consequences of climate change, scientists say. Klaus Lackner, a scientist at Arizona State University who wasn’t involved in the study, agreed that direct air capture will become an important tool for sequestering carbon (碳封存) and cooling the planet. To test the carbon-clearing capability of COF-999, the researchers packed it into a tube and exposed it to outdoor air in Berkeley for 20 days straight. As the air entered the tube, it contained CO2 in concentrations ranging from 410 ppm to 517 ppm. When it came out the other side, no CO2 was detected. According to its creators, its porous (多孔的) design increases its surface area, which means more places to hold onto CO2 molecules. As a result, it captures CO2 at a rate that is at least 10 times faster than other materials used for direct air capture. Team members have continued to make improvements and are on track to double its capacity within the next year. Another plus is that COF-999 will loosen its hold on the CO2 when heated to about 60℃. Similar materials must be heated to 121℃ to extract carbon. COF-999 is more durable as well. The team had tested a newer version that worked for 300 cycles before the experiment came to an end. “Achieving 300 cycles without any deterioration (退化) suggests that thousands of cycles may be possible,” said Omar Yaghi, the study’s senior author. 1．What is Klaus Lackner’s attitude toward direct air capture technology? A．Neutral. B．Supportive. C．Concerned. D．Skeptical. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．CO2. B．The air. C．COF-999. D．The tube. 3．Why does COF-999 have higher efficiency compared with other materials? A．It’s easier to work on a large scale. B．It can be reused thousands of times. C．Its porous design increases its capacity. D．It requires a higher temperature to extract carbon. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．A new material capturing CO2 efficiently. B．Ways to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels. C．The importance of reducing CO2 emissions. D．The effects of global warming on the environment. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种能够高效捕获二氧化碳的新材料COF-999，包括其设计原理、捕获效率、耐用性等方面的特点。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Klaus Lackner, a scientist at Arizona State University who wasn’t involved in the study, agreed that direct air capture will become an important tool for sequestering carbon (碳封存) and cooling the planet. (亚利桑那州立大学的科学家Klaus Lackner没有参与这项研究，但他也认为，直接空气捕获将成为碳封存和给地球降温的重要工具。)”可知，Klaus Lackner对直接空气捕获技术持支持态度。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“To test the carbon-clearing capability of COF-999, the researchers packed it into a tube and exposed it to outdoor air in Berkeley for 20 days straight. (为了测试COF-999的碳清除能力，研究人员将其装入一个试管中，并在伯克利的户外空气中连续暴露了20天。)”以及“When it came out the other side, no CO2 was detected. (当它从另一端出来时，没有检测到二氧化碳。)”可知，此处描述的是将COF-999装入试管后，空气通过试管的情况，当空气从另一端出来时，没有检测到二氧化碳，it指代前文提到的空气。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“According to its creators, its porous (多孔的) design increases its surface area, which means more places to hold onto CO2 molecules. As a result, it captures CO2 at a rate that is at least 10 times faster than other materials used for direct air capture. (据其创造者称，它的多孔设计增加了其表面积，这意味着有更多的地方可以容纳二氧化碳分子。因此，它捕获二氧化碳的速度至少是其他用于直接空气捕获材料的10倍。)”可知，COF-999与其他材料相比效率更高是因为它的多孔设计增加了其容量。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A typical large tree can suck up to 40 kilograms of CO2 out of the air over the course of a year. Now scientists at UC Berkeley say they can do the same job with less than half a pound of a yellow powder called COF-999. (一棵典型的大树在一年内可以从空气中吸收多达40公斤的二氧化碳。现在，加州大学伯克利分校的科学家表示，他们可以用不到半磅的黄色粉末COF-999完成同样的工作。)”以及全文内容可知，本文围绕新型材料COF-999展开，重点描述其高效吸附CO2的能力（如captures CO2 at a rate that is at least 10 times faster）、可重复利用性（300 cycles without any deterioration）及低温释放特性（heated to about 60℃），并强调其对碳封存的意义，即本文主要介绍了一种能够高效捕获二氧化碳的新材料COF-999。故选A。 主题02 人与社会——历史社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下四川广安·期末） Have you ever struggled to concentrate after a sleepless night? New research shows that sleep plays a critical role in cognitive (认知的) functions such as memory, decision-making, and creativity. Scientists now understand that lack of sleep can damage the brain’s ability to process information effectively. A study published in Nature Neuroscience found that insufficient sleep reduces the brain’s ability to form new memories. Researchers monitored participants’ brain activity while they learned new tasks. Those who slept less than six hours showed weaker activity in the hippocampus (海马体), a brain region responsible for memory formation. “Sleep is like a filing system for our brains,” explained Dr. Sarah Walker, lead researcher. “It helps us organize and store information for later use.” Sleep also affects emotional regulation. A lack of sleep can make people more irritable and less able to control their impulses. This is because the prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质), which manages decision-making and self-control, becomes less active when sleep-starved. On the contrast, a good night’s sleep improves our ability to handle stress and make rational choices. Creativity is another area influenced by sleep. A 2023 study from the University of California, Berkeley, discovered that people who slept well after learning a task performed better on creative problem-solving tests. The researchers believe that during deep sleep, the brain connects unrelated ideas, leading to innovative thinking. For teenagers, sleep is especially important. Adolescents need 8-10 hours of sleep nightly to support brain development. Unfortunately, many teens suffer from lack of sleep due to academic pressure and excessive screen time. This can lead to declining grades, increased risk of mental health issues, and even physical health problems like obesity. “Parents and educators should prioritize ‘sleepy’ students,” advised Dr. Walker. “A well-rested brain is a better learner.” 1．What happens to people who sleep less than six hours? A．They become more creative. B．They handle stress better. C．Their brain activity in the hippocampus weakens. D．Their prefrontal cortex becomes more active. 2．What does the underlined word “irritable” mean in paragraph 3? A．angry B．calm C．energetic D．forgetful 3．Why is sleep important for teenagers? A．It helps them form new friendships. B．It supports brain development and academic performance. C．It reduces the risk of physical injuries. D．It improves their ability to use technology. 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To advise teenagers to reduce screen time. B．To compare sleep’s effects on creativity and emotions. C．To describe how lack of sleep damages memory formation. D．To explain the importance of sleep for cognitive functions. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了睡眠对认知功能如记忆、决策、创造力和情绪调节等方面的重要性，尤其强调了对青少年的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Those who slept less than six hours showed weaker activity in the hippocampus (海马体), a brain region responsible for memory formation.(那些睡眠不足6小时的人海马体（负责记忆形成的大脑区域）的活动较弱。)”可知，睡眠不足6小时的人海马体的活动减弱。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“A lack of sleep can make people more irritable and less able to control their impulses.(睡眠不足会让人更irritable，更无法控制自己的冲动。)”以及“This is because the prefrontal cortex(前额叶皮质), which manages decision-making and self-control, becomes less active when sleep-starved.(这是因为负责决策和自我控制的前额叶皮质在睡眠不足时会变得不那么活跃)”可知，睡眠不足会导致前额叶皮质不那么活跃，从而让人更无法控制自己的冲动，由此可推测出睡眠不足会让人更“易怒”。irritable意思是“愤怒的”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“For teenagers, sleep is especially important. Adolescents need 8-10 hours of sleep nightly to support brain development. Unfortunately, many teens suffer from lack of sleep due to academic pressure and excessive screen time. This can lead to declining grades, increased risk of mental health issues, and even physical health problems like obesity.(对于青少年来说，睡眠尤其重要。青少年每晚需要8-10小时的睡眠来支持大脑发育。不幸的是，由于学业压力和过度使用屏幕时间，许多青少年睡眠不足。这可能导致成绩下降，增加心理健康问题的风险，甚至导致肥胖等身体健康问题。)”可知，睡眠对青少年很重要是因为它支持大脑发育和学业成绩。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“New research shows that sleep plays a critical role in cognitive (认知的) functions such as memory, decision-making, and creativity.(新的研究表明，睡眠在记忆、决策和创造力等认知功能中起着关键作用。)”可知，全文对睡眠在认知功能中的重要性进行阐述，这篇文章的目的是解释睡眠对认知功能的重要性。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下四川成都·期末） Like most other parrots, parakeets (长尾鹦鹉) are known to have the ability to imitate the way humans speak. Now a new study has found that when parakeets make sounds, their brains work similarly to the way human brains function when we speak. The study was led by Michael Long, a professor at New York University. Long’s team focused on common parakeets. They recorded their brain activity as they made sounds, focusing on a part of the brain called the anterior arcopallium (AAC), which is known to affect vocal (嗓子的) muscles. They found that certain brain cells became active when the birds made specific sounds. Some cells seemed to be involved in producing consonants, and others created vowels. Some showed activity when the birds made high-pitched (声调高的) sounds, while other cells lit up for low-pitched sounds. This simple system allows parakeets to combine different sounds to make complex calls. “What the parrot has presented is this beautiful, elegant solution for making vocal sounds,” Long told New Scientist. In human brains, specific brain cell activity is associated with certain movements of the lips or tongue. This is the first time scientists have identified a similar language “map” in the brain of a non-human animal. Long’s team also studied zebra finches. In contrast to parakeets, the finches’ brains have complicated systems. But these can only allow them to make simple songs but not to mimic human speech. Researching how language works in birds’ brains could help scientists better understand how it works in the human brain. This could lead to solutions for speech disability in humans. 1．How did the scientists study the parakeets’ brains? A．By comparing them with humans’. B．By teaching parakeets new sounds. C．By recording parakeets’ brain activity. D．By observing parakeets’ behaviors. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The procedure of the research. B．The use of sound in human speech. C．Differences between parakeets and humans. D．Parakeets’ brain system for sound production. 3．What does the word “these” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．Parakeets. B．Zebra finches. C．Parakeets’ brain systems. D．Zebra finches’ brain systems. 4．What is the significance of the study by Long’s team? A．It contributes to better protection of animals. B．It may help us solve human speech problems. C．It enables us to understand the natural world deeper. D．It enriches our knowledge about languages in the world. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现长尾鹦鹉发声时大脑运作与人类说话时相似，其大脑特定细胞参与不同声音产生。研究或助于理解人类大脑语言功能及解决语言障碍。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They recorded their brain activity as they made sounds, focusing on a part of the brain called the anterior arcopallium (AAC), which is known to affect vocal (嗓子的) muscles.( 当他们发声时，他们记录下了他们的大脑活动，重点关注大脑中被称为前弓鞘（AAC）的部分，该部分已知会影响声带肌肉。)”可知，科学家通过记录长尾鹦鹉发出声音时的大脑活动来研究它们的大脑。故选C项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“They found that certain brain cells became active when the birds made specific sounds. Some cells seemed to be involved in producing consonants, and others created vowels. Some showed activity when the birds made high-pitched (声调高的) sounds, while other cells lit up for low-pitched sounds. This simple system allows parakeets to combine different sounds to make complex calls.( 他们发现，当鸟类发出特定的声音时，某些脑细胞会变得活跃。一些细胞似乎参与产生辅音，而其他细胞则产生元音。当鸟发出高音调的声音时，一些细胞显示出活动，而其他细胞则发出低音调的声音。这个简单的系统可以让长尾鹦鹉组合不同的声音来发出复杂的叫声。)”可知，主要讲述了长尾鹦鹉产生声音的大脑系统，比如不同脑细胞在产生不同声音（辅音、元音、高低声调声音）时的活动情况。故选D项。 3．词义猜测题。根据第五段“Long’s team also studied zebra finches. In contrast to parakeets, the finches’ brains have complicated systems. But these can only allow them to make simple songs but not to mimic human speech.( Long的团队还研究了斑胸草雀。与长尾小鹦鹉相比，雀类的大脑系统复杂。但这些只能让它们唱简单的歌，而不能模仿人类的语言。)”可知，这里的“these”指代前面提到的“the finches’ brains”，也就是斑马雀的大脑系统。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Researching how language works in birds’ brains could help scientists better understand how it works in the human brain. This could lead to solutions for speech disability in humans.( 研究语言在鸟类大脑中的工作方式可以帮助科学家更好地了解语言在人类大脑中的工作方式。这可能会导致人类语言障碍的解决方案。)”可推知，Long 团队研究的意义在于可能有助于解决人类的语言问题。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下四川乐山·期末） Released on January 29, 2025, the animation Ne Zha: Demon Child Conquers the Sea (Ne Zha 2) has been a massive hit. By March 28, its box office had gone over 15.3 billion yuan, making it one of the top 5 highest - earning films in history. It is the first Asian film to reach this level. The movie has also broken records such as becoming the biggest earner in the Chinese film industry and the top - earning film in a single market worldwide. Such a huge milestone is built on the original Ne Zha. Directed by Yang Yu, known as Jiaozi, Ne Zha 2 continues the adventure of the super - powered boy from Chinese mythology(神话), a story that first enchanted the audience in 2019. Set after the events in the first film, it follows Nezha and Aobing as their souls are saved but their bodies face disappearance. To reconstruct their bodies, the two heroes must rise to the challenges. Ne Zha 2’s success lies not only in money and engaging plots rooted in a novel take on traditional Chinese culture. Apart from the around 2,000 special effects shots contributed by 138animation studios, it also comes from the ability to connect with people’s feelings. The sequel (续集) explores defence in the face of power, the struggle against destiny, and the embrace of self -confidence, taking viewers of all ages on an emotional journey that combines action, humor, and heartfelt moments. Beyond its domestic box office figures, Ne Zha 2 is ready to make waves internationally and act as a window into China’s rich myths and traditions. In cities like New York and Los Angeles, theaters are adding late -night showings to satisfy the high demand. This outstanding animated feature, a shining example of what is possible when tradition meets innovation, is a big step for Chinese culture going globally. It shows how creative and skilled Chinese filmmakers are and helps the world understand and appreciate Chinese culture better. 1．Why does the author mention the statistics on box office? A．To unfold Ne Zha 2’s plot to readers. B．To present the achievements of Ne Zha 2. C．To show the difficulty of film - making. D．To compare Ne Zha 2 with overseas films. 2．What does the underlined word “enchanted” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Attracted. B．Helped. C．Disappointed. D．Confused. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Reasons behind Ne Zha 2’s popularity. B．Power of ancient Chinese folk tales. C．Joint efforts by animation factories. D．Emotional response from cinema-goers. 4．What does the author imply in the last two paragraphs? A．Jiaozi had predicted Ne Zha 2’s success before. B．It was too late for US audience to view Ne Zha 2. C．Ne Zha 2 serves as a bridge to Chinese culture. D．More Chinese films will shine internationally. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍动画电影《哪吒2：魔童闹海》的票房成绩、成功原因及其文化传播意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Released on January 29, 2025, the animation Ne Zha: Demon Child Conquers the Sea (Ne Zha 2) has been a massive hit. By March 28, its box office had gone over 15.3 billion yuan, making it one of the top 5 highest - earning films in history. It is the first Asian film to reach this level. The movie has also broken records such as becoming the biggest earner in the Chinese film industry and the top - earning film in a single market worldwide.(2025年1月29日上映的动画电影《哪吒2：魔童闹海》大获成功。截至3月28日，其票房已超过153亿元，成为历史上票房收入前五的电影之一。它是第一部达到这一水平的亚洲电影。这部电影还打破了多项纪录，比如成为中国电影行业票房收入最高的电影以及全球单一市场票房收入最高的电影。)”可知，作者提及票房数据是为了展示《哪吒2》所取得的成就。故选B项。 2．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Directed by Yang Yu, known as Jiaozi, Ne Zha 2 continues the adventure of the super - powered boy from Chinese mythology(神话), a story that first enchanted the audience in 2019.(由饺子（本名杨宇）执导，《哪吒2》延续了这个来自中国神话的超级男孩的冒险故事，这个故事在2019年首次enchanted观众。)”可知，2019年的《哪吒》吸引了观众，才会有如今的《哪吒2》，所以enchanted意思为“吸引”，与attracted同义。故选A项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Ne Zha 2’s success lies not only in money and engaging plots rooted in a novel take on traditional Chinese culture. Apart from the around 2,000 special effects shots contributed by 138animation studios, it also comes from the ability to connect with people’s feelings. The sequel (续集) explores defence in the face of power, the struggle against destiny, and the embrace of self -confidence, taking viewers of all ages on an emotional journey that combines action, humor, and heartfelt moments.(《哪吒2》的成功不仅在于票房成绩以及基于对中国传统文化新颖解读的引人入胜的情节。除了138家动画工作室贡献的约2000个特效镜头外，它还源于与人们情感相连的能力。这部续集探讨了面对权力时的抗争、与命运的斗争以及对自信的拥抱，带领各个年龄段的观众踏上一段融合了动作、幽默和真挚情感的情感之旅。)”可知，该段主要讲述了《哪吒2》受欢迎背后的原因。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Beyond its domestic box office figures, Ne Zha 2 is ready to make waves internationally and act as a window into China’s rich myths and traditions.(除了国内票房成绩，《哪吒2》准备在国际上掀起波澜，并成为一扇了解中国丰富神话和传统的窗口。)”以及最后一段中的“This outstanding animated feature, a shining example of what is possible when tradition meets innovation, is a big step for Chinese culture going globally. It shows how creative and skilled Chinese filmmakers are and helps the world understand and appreciate Chinese culture better.(这部杰出的动画电影，是传统与创新相结合的光辉典范，是中国文化走向全球的一大步。它展示了中国电影制作人的创造力和技艺，并有助于世界更好地理解和欣赏中国文化。)”可知，作者暗示《哪吒2》充当了通向中国文化的桥梁。故选C项。 主题03 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下四川省泸州·期末） For the first time, scientists have mapped the 3D structure of DNA from a 52,000-year-old mammoth (猛玛象). This advance, published in Cell, let researchers piece together the creature’s genome (基因组) accurately and find signs of past gene activity in its cells. Ancient DNA usually appears in short, broken pieces. It is from these pieces that researchers have identified new species of early humans, and rewritten the history of how horses were tamed. “This new work opens up major new possibilities of exploring the biology of extinct species,” says Adrian Lister, a paleontologist at the Natural History Museum in London. “This is an astonishing study.” For more than a century, many geneticists have doubted these types of structures could be preserved in fossils. In living creatures, DNA molecules (分子) twist or wind as proteins turn various genes on or off. After organisms die, however, these molecules start to break apart, forming pieces that spread out like dye in water. The DNA in the mammoth sample broke up but didn’t spread: the pieces ran into a rare molecular traffic jam, so they got stuck in place, keeping complete chromosome structures as tiny as 50 nanometers across. The team says the sample probably held up so well because it underwent freeze-drying. Soon after the mammoth died, permafrost (永冻层) blanketed its body. The low temperature slowed the motion of its molecules, and the dry atmosphere in tundra regions meant there was no water available for the DNA pieces to move through, leaving the sample more shelf-stable than the average supermarket snack. The researchers aren’t sure how likely it is that other fossils could have remained just like the 52,000-year-old sample. But Aiden, a geneticist at the Baylor College of Medicine, hopes the study will pave the way for scientists to identify other samples ready for this type of study. “I’m looking on the bright side, and there are a lot more samples like this waiting to be discovered,” he says. 1．What is the significance of this new discovery? A．Giving gene activity a new definition. B．Recovering lost species of early humans. C．Discovering the differences in the genome. D．Promoting further research on extinct species. 2．How does DNA molecules behave after an organism dies according to scientists? A．They remain the same in water. B．They break down into pieces. C．They disappear as little structures. D．They turn into various molecules. 3．Why is the supermarket snack mentioned in Paragraph 5? A．To show the good preservation of the sample. B．To tell the importance of low-temperature storage. C．To explain the connection between freezing and drying. D．To compare the the characteristics of mammoths and snacks 4．Which may best express the author’s attitude to the study? A．Worried. B．Crazy. C．Uncaring. D．Approving. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家首次绘制出52000年前猛犸象DNA的三维结构，这一发现促进了灭绝物种的进一步研究，并解释了样本保存完好的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This new work opens up major new possibilities of exploring the biology of extinct species(这项新研究为探索灭绝物种的生物学开辟了新的可能性)”可知，这一新发现的意义在于促进了对灭绝物种的进一步研究。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“After organisms die, however, these molecules start to break apart, forming pieces that spread out like dye in water.(然而，生物体死亡后，这些分子开始分解，形成像水中染料一样扩散的碎片)”可知，科学家认为生物体死亡后，DNA分子会分解成碎片。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“The low temperature slowed the motion of its molecules, and the dry atmosphere in tundra regions meant there was no water available for the DNA pieces to move through, leaving the sample more shelf-stable than the average supermarket snack.(低温减缓了分子的运动，而苔原地区的干燥空气意味着没有水供DNA片段移动，这使得样本比普通的超市零食更稳定)”可知，提到超市零食是为了说明样本保存得很好。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“It is from these pieces that researchers have identified new species of early humans, and rewritten the history of how horses were tamed.(正是从这些碎片中，研究人员发现了早期人类的新物种，改写了马是如何被驯服的历史)”，第三段““This new work opens up major new possibilities of exploring the biology of extinct species,” says Adrian Lister, a paleontologist at the Natural History Museum in London. “This is an astonishing study.”(伦敦自然历史博物馆的古生物学家阿德里安·利斯特说：“这项新工作为探索灭绝物种的生物学开辟了新的可能性。”“这是一项惊人的研究。”)”以及最后一段中引用Aiden所说的话“I’m looking on the bright side, and there are a lot more samples like this waiting to be discovered(我持乐观态度，还有更多这样的样本等待着被发现)”可知，作者对这项研究持支持态度。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下四川省泸州·期末） AI has captured the spirit of the times in recent years, especially since the release of OpenAI’s ChatGPT in 2022. As AI is catching on, it promises to change learning for the better. Already, there are AI-powered tutoring (辅导) tools that can support learners. One 2024 study, led by the University of Oxford, found that school students in Ghana who used an Al-powered math tutor through WhatsApp for half an hour, twice a week, over eight months had “higher” math growth scores than those in a control group. “Until now, expert, personalized tutoring has been too expensive for people,” points out Joseph South, chief-innovation officer at the International Society for Technology in Education. “AI-powered tutors can offer this experience for online learners at an affordable price.” However, there are still possible problems to address. AI can present fiction as fact, which could mean students might “learn” incorrect information. Similarly, AI can develop biases (偏见) based on the data used to train it, and possibly pass them on to learners. In addition, experts warn that any educational institution needs to have strict rules on what student personal information can be fed into AI tools, to reduce privacy risks But, to some, the biggest risk is to the learning process. “As students increasingly depend on AI tools, they may use them as quick solutions, which will influence their ability to pick up basic learning skills,” says Emily DeJeu, assistant teaching professor of business management communication at Carnegie Mellon University. “Is that good for them in the long term?” she asks. “This is still an open question.” To protect students, she suggests “we need government rules to provide guidance to schools”. And she adds: “The greatest risk of all with AI is doing nothing. The world has changed and is changing. We should change how we teach and what we teach to welcome AI.” 1．What can we conclude from the 2024 study in Ghana? A．Students prefer AI tutors to human ones. B．AI tutors are intended for poor math learners. C．Students are eager for free personalized tutoring. D．AI tutoring helps improve math grades to some degree. 2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．AI’s development trends. B．AI’s data management. C．AI’s potential disadvantages. D．AI’s information security. 3．What is the biggest risk regarding AI according to Emily DeJeu? A．The behavior of taking no action. B．The increase in the learning process. C．The attitude of ignoring future plans. D．The over-dependence on learning skills. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Influence of AI’s Rapid Update B．The Concern about Modern AI Technology C．AI in Education: Opportunities and Challenges D．AI Tools: Replacing Traditional Teaching Forms 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人工智能（AI）在教育领域的应用，既提到了其带来的机遇，如个性化辅导和提升学习成绩，也指出了其潜在的问题，如信息准确性、偏见、隐私风险以及对学习过程的负面影响，并强调了制定规则以应对这些挑战的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One 2024 study, led by the University of Oxford, found that school students in Ghana who used an AI-powered math tutor through WhatsApp for half an hour, twice a week, over eight months had ‘higher’ math growth scores than those in a control group.(牛津大学领导的一项2024年研究发现，加纳的学生通过WhatsApp使用人工智能数学辅导老师，每周两次，每次半小时，持续八个月，他们的数学成绩增长分数高于对照组)”可知，从2024年加纳的研究中可以得出结论：人工智能辅导在一定程度上有助于提高数学成绩。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“However, there are still possible problems to address. AI can present fiction as fact, which could mean students might ‘learn’ incorrect information. Similarly, AI can develop biases based on the data used to train it, and possibly pass them on to learners. In addition, experts warn that any educational institution needs to have strict rules on what student personal information can be fed into AI tools, to reduce privacy risks.(然而，仍有一些问题需要解决。人工智能可能会把虚构当作事实，这意味着学生可能会“学习”到错误的信息。同样，人工智能可能会根据用于训练它的数据产生偏见，并可能将这些偏见传递给学习者。此外，专家警告说，任何教育机构都需要有严格的规定，规定哪些学生个人信息可以输入人工智能工具，以降低隐私风险)”可知，第四段主要讲了人工智能的潜在缺点。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“And she adds: ‘The greatest risk of all with AI is doing nothing. The world has changed and is changing. We should change how we teach and what we teach to welcome AI.’(她补充说：“人工智能最大的风险是什么都不做。世界已经改变，正在改变。我们应该改变我们的教学方式和教学内容，以迎接人工智能。”)”可知，根据艾米丽·德杰乌的说法，关于人工智能最大的风险是不采取行动的行为。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段 “AI has captured the spirit of the times in recent years, especially since the release of OpenAI’s ChatGPT in 2022. As AI is catching on, it promises to change learning for the better.（近年来，人工智能捕捉到了时代精神，尤其是自2022年OpenAI的ChatGPT发布以来。随着人工智能的普及，它有望让学习变得更好。）” 并结合全文内容，文章先是讲述了人工智能在教育中带来的机遇，如提供个性化辅导且价格实惠，接着指出了其存在的潜在问题，如传递错误信息、有偏见、隐私风险以及影响学生学习过程等，所以C选项“AI in Education: Opportunities and Challenges(人工智能在教育中的应用：机遇与挑战)”适合作为本文标题。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下四川广元·期末） This February, ecologist Poisot was surprised when he read through the peer reviews (同行评议) of a manuscript (原稿) he had submitted for publication. One of the referee reports seemed to have been written with, or perhaps entirely by, artificial intelligence (AI). It contained a strong indication that the text was created by large language models (LLMs). AI is increasingly being used in the peer review process of scientific papers, which involves experts evaluation to ensure they meet quality standards before they are published. This trend raises both interest and concerns among researchers and publishers. AI systems are already transforming peer review. They are now being used to check errors in the text, data, code and references of manuscripts, to guide reviewers toward more-constructive feedback, and to polish their manuscripts. Some new websites even offer entire AI-created review s with one click, claiming to assess a paper’s quality and originality. One study of peer-review reports in 2024 found that between 7% and 17% of these reports showed evidence of changes beyond spell-checking or minor updates to the text by LLMs. However, there are concerns about the reliability of AI in understanding complex scientific concepts and making accurate judgments. Critics argue that AI might not fully grasp the slight difference of scientific research and could lead to misleading conclusions. There is also a fear that AI could replace human reviewers, who can provide more insightful feedback. Despite these concerns, many researchers believe AI can be a useful tool. It can help speed up the review process and reduce the workload on reviewers. AI can also identify potential issues that might be overlooked by human reviewers, allowing human reviewers to focus on more complex aspects of the review. 1．Why does the author mention Poisot’s experience in paragraph 1? A．To present an argument. B．To introduce the topic. C．To criticize the overuse of AI. D．To compare various AI tools. 2．What is AI currently used for in peer review? A．Checking errors of manuscripts. B．Replacing human reviewers. C．Guiding detailed steps for study. D．Assessing the peer reviews. 3．What’s the author’s attitude to AI in peer review? A．Subjective. B．Objective. C．Approving. D．Critical. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Will AI Take over Peer Review? B．Is AI Review Faster and Cheaper? C．Can AI Understand Complex Concept? D．Do Scientists Fully Rely on AI Review? 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人工智能（AI）在科学论文同行评审中的应用及其引发的争议和关注。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“This February, ecologist Poisot was surprised when he read through the peer reviews (同行评议) of a manuscript (原稿) he had submitted for publication. One of the referee reports seemed to have been written with, or perhaps entirely by, artificial intelligence (AI). (今年2月，生态学家Poisot在阅读他提交出版的论文的同行评审报告时感到惊讶。其中一份评审报告似乎是用人工智能（AI）写的，或者完全是由人工智能写的。)”以及第二段“AI is increasingly being used in the peer review process of scientific papers, which involves experts evaluation to ensure they meet quality standards before they are published. This trend raises both interest and concerns among researchers and publishers. (人工智能正越来越多地被用于科学论文的同行评审过程，该过程涉及专家评估，以确保论文在发表前符合质量标准。这一趋势引起了研究人员和出版商的兴趣和关注。)”可知，作者提到Poisot的经历是为了引出文章的主题，即人工智能在同行评审中的应用。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“AI systems are already transforming peer review. They are now being used to check errors in the text, data, code and references of manuscripts, to guide reviewers toward more-constructive feedback, and to polish their manuscripts. (人工智能系统已经在改变同行评审。它们现在被用来检查手稿文本、数据、代码和参考文献中的错误，引导评审者给出更具建设性的反馈，并润色他们的手稿。)”可知，AI目前在同行评审中主要用于检查手稿中的错误。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, there are concerns about the reliability of AI in understanding complex scientific concepts and making accurate judgments. Critics argue that AI might not fully grasp the slight difference of scientific research and could lead to misleading conclusions. There is also a fear that AI could replace human reviewers, who can provide more insightful feedback. (然而，人们担心人工智能在理解复杂的科学概念和做出准确判断方面的可靠性。批评者认为，人工智能可能无法完全掌握科学研究的细微差别，并可能导致误导性的结论。还有人担心人工智能会取代人类评审者，而人类评审者可以提供更有见地的反馈。)”以及第五段“Despite these concerns, many researchers believe AI can be a useful tool. It can help speed up the review process and reduce the workload on reviewers. AI can also identify potential issues that might be overlooked by human reviewers, allowing human reviewers to focus on more complex aspects of the review. (尽管存在这些担忧，但许多研究人员认为人工智能可以成为一个有用的工具。它可以帮助加快评审过程，减轻评审者的工作量。人工智能还可以识别出人类评审者可能忽略的潜在问题，使人类评审者能够专注于评审中更复杂的方面。)”可知，作者在文中既提到了AI在同行评审中的优势，也指出了其存在的问题和担忧，因此作者的态度是客观的。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“AI is increasingly being used in the peer review process of scientific papers, which involves experts evaluation to ensure they meet quality standards before they are published. This trend raises both interest and concerns among researchers and publishers. (人工智能正越来越多地被用于科学论文的同行评审过程，该过程涉及专家评估，以确保论文在发表前符合质量标准。这一趋势引起了研究人员和出版商的兴趣和关注。)”可知，文章主要讨论了人工智能在同行评审中的应用及其引发的争议，包括其是否能完全理解复杂的科学概念、是否能做出准确判断，以及是否会取代人类评审者等。因此，A项“Will AI Take over Peer Review?（人工智能会取代同行评审吗？）”最符合文章主旨，适宜作为标题。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下四川内江·期末） In a groundbreaking study in 2024, biologists discovered that plants communicate through complex networks of fungal (真菌的) threads. When attacked by insects, bean plants release chemical signals through these threads, warning neighboring plants to produce poison. Dr. Elena Torres, lead researcher, compares it to an “underground internet.” “One stressed plant can activate defenses across an entire forest,” she says. This finding challenges the view that plants are passive organisms. Sound also plays a role. Using highly sensitive microphones, scientists recorded ultrasonic pulses (超声脉冲) given off by corn sprouts under drought stress. When these recordings were played to other plants, their roots grew toward the sound source. “It’s as if they’re ‘hearing’ their peers’ distress,” explains Dr. Hiroshi Nakamura. In another experiment, pea plants that were exposed to the sound of caterpillars eating leaves produced higher levels of defensive chemicals. This sound signaling could change pest (害虫) control in agriculture. Critics urge caution. Dr. Emily Carter argues, “We’re personifying plants. These reactions are biochemical, not conscious communication.” Moral debates also arise: If plants sense pain, should vegan diets be reconsidered? Torres responds firmly, “Plants lack nervous systems. Stress responses are survival mechanisms, not sentience.” Meanwhile, farmers in Brazil already use “plant whisperer” devices that translate leaf vibrations into data, predicting pest outbreaks days before visible damage. The consequences are vast. Geneticists are engineering crops with enhanced signaling abilities, creating “warning systems” for droughts or diseases. In Kenya, farmers grow corn together with signal-producing plants that prevent insects naturally. “This could reduce pesticide use by 70%,” says agronomist Kwame Okafor. As research speeds up, we edge closer to a world where forests “speak,” fields “warn,” and gardens “guide” — a silent dialogue that has been going on beneath our feet for ages, now interpreted by science. Recent advancements aim to apply plant communication commercially. A startup PhytoTech developed a sensor that interprets plant chemical SOS signals, notifying farmers via app to water or fertilize. Trials in California vineyards reduced crop loss by 25%. However, critics warn against over-reliance. “Nature’s language is complex,” says ecologist Dr. Rachel Lin. “Simplifying it to apps risks missing deeper connections.” 1．How do bean plants respond to insect attacks according to paragraph 1? A．By growing thicker leaves. B．By attracting helpful insects. C．By producing complex sounds. D．By releasing chemical warnings. 2．What do you know about the pea plant experiment described in paragraph 2? A．Plants prefer silence. B．Plants ignore droughts. C．Plants respond to sounds. D．Plants cut down peer’s stress. 3．What does the underlined word “edge” mean in paragraph 4? A．To balance carefully. B．To approach gradually. C．To compete fiercely. D．To increase dramatically. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Debates on plant morals. B．Technical aspects of sensors. C．Farming success in Kenyan. D．Balancing business and ecology. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了植物通过真菌网络、声音等交流及相关研究应用与争议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When attacked by insects, bean plants release chemical signals through these threads, warning neighboring plants to produce poison.(当受到昆虫攻击时，菜豆通过这些菌丝释放化学信号，警告邻近的植物产生毒素。)”可知，菜豆在遭受昆虫攻击时会释放化学警告信号。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In another experiment, pea plants that were exposed to the sound of caterpillars eating leaves produced higher levels of defensive chemicals.(在另一项实验中，当豌豆植株暴露在毛毛虫吃叶子的声音中时，会产生更高水平的防御性化学物质。)”可知，豌豆植株会对声音做出反应。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“The consequences are vast. Geneticists are engineering crops with enhanced signaling abilities, creating “warning systems” for droughts or diseases. In Kenya, farmers grow corn together with signal-producing plants that prevent insects naturally. “This could reduce pesticide use by 70%,” says agronomist Kwame Okafor. (其影响是深远的。遗传学家们正在培育具有更强信号传递能力的作物，为干旱或疾病打造“预警系统”。在肯尼亚，农民们将玉米与能释放信号的植物混种，利用这种自然方式防治害虫。农学家夸梅・奥卡福表示：“这有望将农药使用率降低70%。)”可知，这些研究的进行，是人们对植物以及昆虫世界有了更深入的了解，结合划线单词所在的句子“As research speeds up, we edge closer to a world where forests “speak,” fields “warn,” and gardens “guide” — a silent dialogue that has been going on beneath our feet for ages, now interpreted by science.(“随着研究的加速推进，我们……接近这样一个世界——森林“开口说话”，田野“发出预警”，花园“提供指引”。这场在我们脚下悄然进行了千百年的无声对话，如今正被科学所解读。)”随着研究推进，科学在解读我们脚下悄然进行的无声对话，由此可知，我们应该是离那样的世界越来越近，因此“edge”意为“逐渐接近”。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Recent advancements aim to apply plant communication commercially. A startup PhytoTech developed a sensor that interprets plant chemical SOS signals, notifying farmers via app to water or fertilize. Trials in California vineyards reduced crop loss by 25%. However, critics warn against over-reliance. “Nature’s language is complex,” says ecologist Dr. Rachel Lin. “Simplifying it to apps risks missing deeper connections.”(近期的研究进展旨在将植物交流应用于商业领域。初创公司PhytoTech研发出一种传感器，能够解读植物释放的化学求救信号，并通过应用程序通知农民浇水或施肥。在加利福尼亚葡萄园进行的试验显示，这种技术使作物损失减少了25%。然而，批评者警告人们不要过度依赖此类技术。生态学家雷切尔·林博士表示：“自然界的语言十分复杂，将其简化为应用程序可能会忽略更深层次的联系。”)”可知，该段主要讲述在将植物交流商业化的同时，也要考虑生态层面，需平衡商业与生态。故选D项。 主题04 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下四川省绵阳市·期末） A free online platform that allows speakers to practice in front of thousands of virtual audience has been released to help many people deal with their anxiety when making a speech. Dr Chris Macdonald, who created the online platform, said the approach was an attempt to reduce the lengthy waits or high costs people often face when seeking help. The Virtual Reality Public Speaking platform is based on the idea that facing fears directly can help reduce them. It is combined with breathing exercises and eye movements that help slow the heart rate and control the fear response. People using the technology can practice speaking in various virtual reality (VR) settings, from an empty classroom or small audience of virtual figures who feel bored and sleepy, to a stadium of 10,000 viewers, with the option to add distractions such as flashing cameras and loud noises. A recent study suggests the platform could be beneficial. The research involved 29 volunteers from China, who each finished a 30-minute session in which they switched between using the VR system and practicing a simple breathing exercise. After that, they delivered a prepared one-minute speech in English to 34 people in real life. The percentage of students who said they were anxious public speakers fell from 65% before the experiment to 20% after the presentations, while the percentage who described themselves as confident rose from 31% to 79%. More students said they enjoyed public speaking after using the platform. But Cella, a psychologist and leader of the virtual reality lab at King’s College London, who was not involved in the work, said there was a potential risk that overdependence on the platform could increase people’s avoidance of public speaking. “There is a lot of enthusiasm and problem-solving energy from digital innovators to address mental health challenges in our society. But unfortunately, many products like this platform have poor uptake (利用) and short lifespan due to the rapid development and limited evidence,” he said. “As with any emerging technology, it’s crucial to evaluate its real-world impact, how people use it, whether it truly improves confidence and reduces anxiety, and what unintended effects might arise.” 1．Who may find this platform useful? A．A graduate preparing for a job interview. B．A delivery driver taking a road safety test. C．A coach planning athletes’ training workouts. D．A programmer giving instructions to a computer. 2．What’s the main purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To offer advice on using VR. B．To explain the reason for exercise. C．To describe how the platform works. D．To show how to overcome speech anxiety. 3．What can we learn from the research? A．The number of users rose dramatically. B．The platform improved users’ English ability. C．The platform contributed to users’ presentation. D．The users practiced breathing exercise every day. 4．What’s Cella’s attitude to the platform? A．Concerned. B．Objective. C．Unclear. D．Supportive. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一款虚拟现实公开演讲平台可帮助缓解演讲焦虑，研究显示有效，但专家认为需评估其实际影响及潜在风险。 【详解】17．推理判$