Unit 6 Crossing Cultures同步知识与语法梳理 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

本讲义聚焦八年级下册Unit 6 Crossing Cultures核心内容，系统梳理跨文化交际相关词汇（如greet, shake hands, bow等动作词汇及embarrassed/embarrassing等-ed/-ing形容词）、短语（如table manners, be used to doing, hear from）、重点句型（如so...that..., unless, as soon as状语从句），构建从基础词汇到语法应用再到文化理解的学习支架，助力学生形成跨文化沟通的语言知识体系。 该资料以“文化对比+语言实践”为特色，通过“认一认”图片匹配礼仪动作、“对点导练”辨析易混词（如accept/receive, join/attend）等设计，提升语言能力；对比不同国家礼仪（如日本鞠躬、印度合十礼）培养文化意识；设置情景对话（如Mike分享日本经历）发展思维品质。课中辅助教师开展互动教学，课后通过达标检测、书面表达强化练习，帮助学生查漏补缺，巩固跨文化沟通技能。

八年级下单元同步教学内容 T(U6 Crossing Cultures) C(状语从句与-ed/-ing形容词) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ( T同步 —— 八年级下Unit 6 Crossing Cultures ) ( 同步知识梳理 )（大脑放电影~） 八下Unit 6基础知识梳理 类别 课标考点要求 词 汇 攻 关 1.shake v.与(某人)握手；摇动 n.摇动，奶昔→过去式：shook→过去分词：shaken→shake hands 握手 2. bow v.&n.鞠躬→bow to sb. 向某人鞠躬 3. bump v.碰，撞 n.碰撞，(撞击造成的)肿块 4. fist n.拳头→bump fists 顶拳 5. rub v.摩擦；揉→过去式/过去分词：rubbed 6. kiss v.亲吻 n.吻 7. cheek n.脸颊(可数)→kiss on the cheek 亲吻脸颊 8. hug v.&n.拥抱→过去式/过去分词：hugged→ing形式：hugging 9. embarrassed adj.(感到)尴尬的→embarrass v.使尴尬→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的 10. confused adj.(感到)困惑的→confuse v.使困惑→confusing adj.令人困惑的→confusion n.困惑 11. formal adj.正式的→formally adv.正式地→informal adj.不正式的 12. curry n.咖喱菜 13. rude adj.粗鲁的→rudely adv.粗鲁地→rudeness n.粗鲁 14. uncommon adj.罕见的，不寻常的→common adj.普通的，常见的，共同的 15. palm n.手掌 16. namaste interj.有礼了(印度人行合十礼时口中所念之词) 17. fork n.叉子→(对应词)knife n.小刀 18. Indian adj.印度的，印度人的 n.印度人→India n.印度 19. manner n.方式；(pl. manners)礼仪→table manners 餐桌礼仪→in a ...manner 用一种...方式 20. unless conj.除非；如果不 21. proper adj.恰当的，正确的→properly adv.恰当地→improper adj.不恰当的，不合适的 22. elbow n.肘，肘部 23. serving adj.分菜用的 n.一份食物→serve v.服务→service n.服务→servant n.仆人 24. chopstick n.筷子→serving chopsticks 公筷 25. surprising adj.出人意料的；令人吃惊的→surprise v./n.吃惊，惊喜→surprised adj.感到惊讶的→surprisingly adv.令人吃惊地 26. cultural adj.与文化有关的；文化的→culture n.文化 27. custom n.习俗 28. occasion n.场合；重大活动→occasional adj.偶尔的 29. nicely adv.漂亮地，令人愉快地→nice adj.愉快的 30. blouse n.(女式)衬衫或短上衣 31. private adj.私人的，私密的→privacy n.隐私→privately adv.私人地 32. whether conj.是否→whether...or not 是否.. 33. married adj.已婚的；婚姻的→marry v.结婚，娶，嫁→marriage n.婚姻→get married (to sb.) (与某人)结婚 34. merci 谢谢(法语) 35. au revoir 再见(法语) 36. correct adj.正确的；恰当的 v.改正，纠正→correctly adv.正确地 37. unsafe adj.不安全的；危险的→safe adj.安全的→safety n.安全→safely adv.安全地 38. jeans n.牛仔裤(pl.) 39. congratulate v.祝贺→congratulation n.祝贺→congratulate to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事 40. Asian adj.亚洲的 n.亚洲人→Asia n.亚洲 41. tradition n.传统→traditional adj.传统的 42. firstly adv.第一，首先 43. secondly adv.第二，其次 44. thirdly adv.第三 45. receive v.收到，接待 46. sign-off n.(信件或广播的)结束语；收尾 47. main adj.主要的→mainly adv.主要地 48. false adj.错误的；不真实的→(反)true adj.正确的 49. impression n.印象→impress v.印象→impressed adj.有印象的→impressive adj.令人印象深刻的→make/leave an impression on sth./sb.给某人/某物留下印象 50. cheers interj.再见，干杯 短 语 归 纳 1. table manners 餐桌礼仪 2. sit up 坐直 3. keep...off 使不碰到；使避开 4. serving chopsticks 公筷 5. be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于做某事 6. hear from 得到......消息 7. go a long way 帮助很大 8. get along (with sb.)相处融洽；进展 9. communicate with sb. 和某人沟通/交流 10. shake hands (with sb.) (和某人)握手 11. rub noses 碰鼻礼 12. bump fists 碰拳 13. kiss on the cheek 亲吻脸烦(见面礼) 14. offer sb sth=offer sth. to sb.为某人提供某物 15. press one's palms together 双手合十 16. be popular in+地点 在某地很受欢迎 17. be special to sb.对某人来说很特别 18. use sth. to do sth. 使用某物做某事 19. have dinner 吃晚餐 20. at sb’s house 在某人的家 21. so...that... 如此...以至于.... 22. remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 23. wait for sb./sth. 等某人/某物 24. get confused 感到困惑 25. everyone else 所有别的人 26. enjoy oneself玩得开心 27. stand up 站起 28. reach for 伸手去拿；伸手去够 29. ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 30. pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 31. take food from shared dishes从共用的的盘子里夹菜 32. give sb some advice on sth.给某人关于…的建议 33. be surprised by 对…感到惊讶：被…惊到 34. as soon as 一...就... 35. one another 彼此，互相 36. take off 飞机起飞：脱下衣物等 37. expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事 38. on time 准时；按时 39. stick sth into..…把某物插入… 40. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 41. be different from 与…不同 42. for example 例如 43. get off下车；下（飞机、船等） 44. on sb’s right and left 在某人的左右边 45. even though 虽然，尽管=even if 46. plenty of 大量，许多 47. culture shock 文化冲击 48. be interested in (doing) sth. 对做某事感兴趣 49. learn about sth. 了解某事 50. a little lonely 有点孤独 51. at first 首先 52. start to do/doing sth. 开始做某事 53. make friends 交朋友 54. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 55. at the party 在聚会上 56. last month 上个月 57. would like to do sth. 想要做某事 58. share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物 59. a few+ 可数名词复数 一些... 60. be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶 61. get sth ready 把…准备好 62. attend one's party参加某人的聚会 63. thank sb for sth因某事感谢某人 64. try to do sth. 尽力做某事 65. ask sb. about sth. 询问某人关于某事 66. last but not least 最后但同等重要的是 66. make sure 确保 68. lots of=a lot of 大量，许多 69. at the beginning of.. 在...的开始 70. make mistakes 犯错误 71. talk to/with sb. 跟某人交谈 72. learn from sb./sth. 向某人/某物学习 73. dress for the occasion 根据场合着装；着装得体 74. how much 多少 75. speak English 说英语 76. develop relationships with sb 与某人建立/培养关系 77. can't wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 78. point at 指着 79. just now 刚才；刚刚 80. explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某物 81. keep doing sth. 一直做某事 82. learn to do sth. 学会做某事 83. land in （飞机）降落于 84. stay with 和…待在一起 85. for two weeks 两周 86. in one's forties 在某人四十多岁的时候 87. be worried about doing sth. 担心做某事 88. want to do sth. 想要做某事 89. look forward to (doing) sth 期待(做)某事 90. bring sb sth=bring sth. to sb. 给某人带来某物 91. give sb sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 重 点 句 型 1. Could you give me some advice on table manners? 你能给我一些关于餐桌礼仪的建议吗? 2. —Do you ever bow? 你们会行鞠躬礼吗? —No, that's so formal that we don't do it these days. 不会，那太正式了以至于我们现在不这么做。 3.-I was surprised by your bow. We usually just say "Hello" or shake hands in the US. —你的鞠躬让我很惊讶。在美国，我们通常只说“你好”或者握手。 - That's surprising! In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher. —真令人惊讶！在日本，我们一见到老师就鞠躬。 4. —Should I bring something? 我应该带一些东西吗? —Sure. Bring a small gift, but don't bring food unless the host asks you to. 带个小礼物，但除非主人要求，不然别带食物 5. —Don't look so embarrassed! 别看起来这么尴尬! —But it is embarrassing! 可它太令人尴尬了! 6.But once I was used to it, I became more curious and interested in learning about the culture there. 但一旦我习惯了，我就对那里的文化变得更加好奇和感兴趣。 7.It's so great to hear from you. 收到你的来信真是太棒了。 8. But English table manners are so confusing that I'm a little worried. 但英式餐桌礼仪太让人困惑了，我有点担心。 9. Bring a small gift, but don't bring food unless the host asks you to. 带个小礼物，但除非主人让你带，否则别带食物。 10. I was a little lonely at first, but I'm starting to make some friends. 一开始我还有点孤单，但我已经开始交到一些朋友了。 11. They helped me to learn more about the customs here after I had some embarrassing experiences at a party last month. 上个月我在一场派对上有过几次尴尬的经历之后，他们帮我更多地了解了这里的习俗。 12. At that party it was surprising to see how nicely everyone was dressed. 在那场派对上，看到每个人都打扮得那么得体，真令人惊讶。 13.It is impolite to point at people in many countries. 在许多国家，用手指指着别人是不礼貌的。 14.I can't wait to congratulate them. 我迫不及待地想向他们表示祝贺。 15. You'll see what I mean as soon as you get here! 你一到这儿，就会明白我的意思了。 16. I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我期待着很快收到你的来信。 八下 Unit 6重要知识解析 考点1：How do we communicate with people from different cultures?我们如何与来自不同文化背景的人交流? 【名师解析】communicate v.沟通，交流→communication n.沟通，交流 【用法总结】communicate with sb.与……交流/沟通”，后接人或群体，强调双向信息传递。 Eg. We should learn to communicate with our parents patiently.我们应该学会耐心地与父母沟通。 【考点抢测】1. We should learn how to communicate ___________ our friends. 2.Good ______________(沟通) is very important in our daily life. 3.He finds it hard _____________(communicate) with shy people. Keys:1.with; 2.communication; 3.to communicate 考点2：Match greetings with pictures. 【认一认】 ___D_____ shake hands ____C____ bow ____B____ bump fists ___F_____ rub noses ____A____ kiss on the cheek ____E____ hug 考点3：shake hands 握手 【名师解析】shake v.与（某人）握手；摇动→过去式为 shook→过去分词为shaken shake hands (with sb.) 与某人握手 shake one’s head 摇头 Eg. May I shake hands with you? 我能和你握个手吗? Shake the bottle before you open it. 打开瓶子之前先摇一摇。 If you don’t agree, shake your head. 你如果不同意，摇摇头。 【拓展】shake n.奶昔 eg. I'd like a strawberry milk shake. 我想要一杯草莓奶昔 【对点导练】 1.He _________ (shake) my hand and said hello to me just now. 2.The boy __________ (摇动) the box to see what’s inside. 3. When you meet someone for the first time, would you shake hands ________ him/her? 4.—What would you like to drink? —I’d like a banana milk __________(奶昔). It’s my favorite. 5. She ___________(摇动) her head just now, which meant that she didn’t agree with our plan. Keys:1.shook; 2.shakes; 3.with; 4.shake; 5.shook 考点4：People will usually offer you some tea/fruit when you visit them. 当你拜访他们的时候，他们通常会给你一些茶/水果。 【名师解析】offer v.提供，给予；提议，表示愿意（做某事）；出（价）n.主动提议，提供； 出价，报价 【常用结构】offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 【练一练】1. He offers me some coffee.=He offers some coffee ________ me. 2. The host always offers ___________(help) someone in need. 3. When you visit your friends, they will often _____________(主动提供) you some fruit. Keys:1.to; 2.to help; 3.offer 考点5：It is rude to give or take things with your hand.用手递送或接取东西是不礼貌的。 【名师解析1】rude adj.粗鲁的，无礼的→(反)adj.有礼貌的polite，常与介词 to 搭配（be rude to sb.） Eg. It’s impolite to be rude to the elderly.对老人粗鲁是不礼貌的。 【名师解析2】take sth. with sth. 用某物拿某物 Eg. Don’t forget to take your ID card with you. 别忘了带上身份证。 【练一练】1. It is ___________(粗鲁的) to talk with your mouth full. 2. If you take things _________ your left hand, the host will be angry. 3. _______ is rude to ask someone’s age directly. 4. You can’t be so rude _________ the old people. Keys:1. rude; 2.with; 3.It; 4.to 考点6：Dishes with beef are common/uncommon. 含牛肉的菜肴是常见的/不常见的。 【名师解析】uncommon adj.罕见的；不寻常的→(反)common adj.普遍的，常见的 【拓展】have sth. in common (with sb.) (与某人) 有共同之处 【对点导练】 1. It is __________ (常见的) to see teenagers use mobile phones. 2. Snow is __________ (罕见的) in southern China in winter. 3.These two stories have nothing in __________ (共同的). 4. It is __________ (uncommon) for teenagers to play sports every day. 5. My sister and I have a lot __________ common. We both love painting. Keys:1.common; 2.uncommon; 3.common; 4.common; 5.in 考点7：What special foods do Indian people often eat? 印度人常吃哪些特色食物? 【名师解析】Indian adj.印度的；印度人的 n.印度人→India n.印度→an Indian 一个印度人 【拓展】国家-国人词性转换： 国家 国人/形容词 India印度 Indian(s)印度人；印度的 America美国 American(s)美国人；美国的 Australia澳大利亚 Australian(s)澳大利亚人；澳大利亚的 Canada加拿大 Canadian(s)加拿大人；加拿大的 Russia俄罗斯 Russian(s)俄罗斯人；俄罗斯的 Germany德国 German(s)德国人；德国的 Africa非洲 African(s)非洲人；非洲的 Asia亚洲 Asian(s)亚洲人；亚洲的 Europe欧洲 European(s)欧洲人；欧洲的 Italy 意大利 Italian(s) 意大利人；意大利的 Korea 韩国 Korean(s) 韩国人；韩国的 特殊变化（初中必考易错） China 中国 Chinese中国人 单复同形 Japan 日本 Japanese日本人 单复同形 England / UK 英国 English / Englishman/ Englishmen英格兰；英国 France 法国 French / Frenchman/Frenchmen法国；法国人 【对点导练】 1.He comes from ____________ (印度), and he is _____________ Indian. 2.There are three _____________ (亚洲人) in the classroom. 3.He met two _____________ (Japan) on his trip to Tokyo. 4.She is an _____________ (America) girl, but she lives in China. 5.Many _____________ (German) come to China to learn Chinese every year. Keys:1.India, an; 2.Asians; 3.Japanese; 4.American; 5.Germans 考点8：What’s wrong, Hongli? 怎么了，洪丽? 【名师解析】wrong adj.错误的，有毛病的；在口语中常用来询问对方的状况。 【核心句型】What’s wrong (with sb.)? (某人)怎么了?=What’s the matter (with sb.)?=What’s up?=What happened (to sb.)? There is something wrong with sth. .....有问题 【短语搭配】go wrong 出故障，毛病 【对点导练】 1. —What’s wrong _________ you? You look sad. —I lost my favorite pen. 2. There is something wrong ________ my car, so I have to get it repaired. 3. I try not to stress out when things go ____________(错误的). Keys:1.with; 2.with; 3.wrong 考点9：But English manners are so confusing that I’m a little worried. 但是英国人的礼仪太令人困惑了，我有点担心。 【名师解析1】manner n.方式，方法；礼貌，礼仪(pl.) ☆单数用法：in this manner 以这种方式 Eg. She spoke in a polite manner. 她说话举止文雅。 △复数用法：礼仪，礼貌(考试必考) ①table manners 餐桌礼仪 ②good/bad manners 有礼貌/没礼貌 ③social manners 社交礼仪 【名师解析2】confusing adj.令人困惑的→confused adj.感到困惑的→confuse v.使困惑→confusion n.困惑 【搭配用法】be confused about sth. 对某事感到困惑 be confused to do sth. 对做某事感到困惑 【名师解析3】worry v.担心，担忧→worried adj.感到担心的→worrying adj.令人担忧的 ☆be worried about sth. =worry about sth. 担心某事 Eg. Don’t worry about me.=Don’t be worried about me. 别担心我。 【名师解析4】so...that... 如此....以至于.....，中间接形容词或副词原形，用来引导结果状语从句。 【辨析】 【拓展】如果名词被many, much, few, little等词修饰，则名词前不用such而用so。 so that表示“以便”， 用来引导目的状语从句。相当于in order that, 从句中常用can, could, may, might等情态动词. 【名师解析5】a little 一点，修饰形容词/副词/不可数名词 【牛刀小试】 1. The box is ________ heavy that I can’t carry it. 2. There is a __________(少的) milk left, so we need ____________(buy) some. 3. The table ____________(manner) are so _____________(confuse) that they are ____________(worry) about messing up(搞砸) them. 4. Don’t worry __________ me. I’m old enough to look after ___________(I) well. 5. The movie was so sad ___________ many people cried and needed _______ little time to recover. 6. It is such a _____________(confuse) question that everyone feels ____________(confuse). Keys:1.so; 2.little, to buy; 3.manners, confusing, worried; 4.about, myself; 5.that, a; 6.confusing, confused 考点10：Bring a small gift, but don’t bring food unless the host asks you to. 带一个小礼物，但不要带食物，除非主人让你带。 【名师解析1】bring v.带来→过去式/过去分词：brought→(反)v.带走take 【常见搭配】①bring sb. sth.=bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人 ②bring sb. to sp. 把某人带去某地 Eg. Please bring your homework to school tomorrow. 请明天带作业到学校来。 【名师解析2】unless conj.除非，如果不，相当于if...not...，引导条件状语从句，从句遵循“主将从现”原则。 【名师解析3】ask v.问，要求，请求→①ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物 ②ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人(不要)做某事 ③ask sb. about sth. 询问某人关于某事 【对点导练】 1. Don’t forget to ___________(带走) your umbrella when you go out. 2. Please ___________(带来) the book to me tomorrow. 3. Don’t open the door ____________(除非) the bell rings. 4. My mothers asks me ____________(bring) the gift ________ my grandmother. 5. If you don’t know the answer to the question, you can ask your teacher _________ help. 6. You won’t pass the exam ____________(除非) you study hard. Keys:1.take; 2.bring; 3.unless; 4.to bring, to; 5.for; 6.unless 考点11：And remember to wait for the host to start before you eat. 记得等主人开始吃东西后再吃。 【名师解析1】remember v.记得，记住→(反)v.忘记：forget remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(动作还未发生) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(动作已经发生) 【拓展】forget的用法： forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(动作还未发生) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(动作已经发生) 【名师解析2】wait v./n.等待，等候→①wait for sb. /sth. to do sth. 等待某人做某事 ②wait to do sth. 等待做某事 ③can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事 【典型练习】 1. I remember ____________(lock) the door, but it’s open now. 2. Remember ___________(wait) for the host _____________(speak) first. 3. We didn’t feel happy, because we waited _________ the bus for over an hour. 4. This long ____________(等待) makes all of us angry and we can’t wait ____________(leave). Keys:1.locking; 2.to wait, to speak; 3.for; 4.wait, to leave 考点12：Enjoy yourself! 玩得开心！ 【名师解析】enjoy v.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的 ☆enjoy oneself 玩得开心，玩得愉快=have a good time=have fun enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事 【典型练习】1. She enjoyed ____________(she) at the birthday. 2. All of us enjoy ____________(we) on the trip. 3. These students enjoy ___________(read) in the library. 4. They enjoy ___________(lie) on the soft beach. Keys:1.herself; 2.ourselves; 3.reading; 4.lying 考点13: Could you give me some advice on table manners? 你能给我一些关于餐桌礼仪的建议吗? 【名师解析】advice n.建议→advise v.建议 词性及意义 常见搭配 advice为不可数名词，意为“劝告；建议” ①a piece of advice一条建议 ②ask sb. for advice向某人征求建议 ③give sb. advice （on/about sth.） （就某事）给某人建议 ④take/follow one’s advice采纳某人的建议 advise为动词，意为“劝告；建议” ①advise doing sth. 建议做某事 ②advise sb. (not) to do sth. 建议某人（不要）做某事 ③advise that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人（应该）做某事 【辨析】advice与suggestion advice为不可数名词，不能直接和数词连用；suggestion为可数名词。如：four pieces of advice＝four suggestions 四条建议 【练一练】 1. Could you give me some _____________(建议) on learning English? 2. The doctor advised him not ____________(eat) too much junk food. 3. Here __________(be) some good advice. 4. There are some useful ______________(建议). 5. Could you give some advice ___________ how to learn English well. Keys:1.advice/suggestions; 2.to eat; 3.is; 4.suggestions; 5.on/about 考点14: —I was surprised by your bow. We usually just say "Hello" or shake hands in the US. —你的鞠躬让我很惊讶。在美国，我们通常只说“你好”或者握手。 —That's surprising! In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher. —真令人惊讶！在日本，我们一见到老师就鞠躬。 【名师解析1】surprise v./n.吃惊，惊讶，惊喜→surprised adj.感到惊讶的→surprising adj.令人惊讶的 ☆名词用法：①to one’s surprise 让某人惊讶的是... ②in surprise 惊讶地 ③give sb. a surprise 给某人一个惊喜 ④get a surprise 吃惊 △形容词用法：be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到吃惊 be surprised at/by sth./sb. 对某事/某人感到很意外。 【名师解析2】as soon as 意为“一...就...”，引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则(主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时)。 Eg. I’ll call you as soon as I arrive at the airport.我一到机场就给你打电话。 【练一练】 1. We are all ______________(surprise) at the ______________(surprise) news. 2. ________ my surprise, he passed the difficult exam. 3. The story is so ____________(surprise) that I can’t believe it. 4. I will send you a message as soon _________ I get to the hotel. 5. The child looked at the old man ________ surprise. 6. We feel surprised ____________(hear) the news so that we all keep silent. 7. To ___________(they) surprise, he succeeded in overcoming the difficulty at last. 8. _____________(surprising), the movie turned to be really good. Keys:1.surprised, surprising; 2.To; 3.surprising; 4.as; 5.in; 6.to hear; 7.their; 8.Surprisingly 考点15: You should be patient and not expect people to be on time. 你应该有耐心，不要期望别人准时。 【名师解析1】patient adj.有耐心的 n.病人→patiently adv.耐心地→patience n.耐心 ☆be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心 be patient to do sth. 做某事有耐心 【名师解析2】expect v.期待，盼望→expect (sb.) to do sth. 期待(某人)做某事 【辨析】on time&in time on time 准时(不早不晚，刚好在约定时间) in time 及时(赶在截止时间之前完成) 【拓展】与time有关的短语或句型： ①at the same time 与此同时 ②all the time 一直，总是 ③from time to time 有时，偶尔，间或 ④at times 有时 ⑤have a good time 玩的开心，玩得愉快 ⑥over time 久而久之 ⑦It’s time (for sb.) to do sth. 是时候(让某人)做某事 ⑧It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. 花了某人多少时间做某事 【对点导练】 1. The nurse talked to the sick kids _____________(耐心地). 2. Teachers should have _____________(patient) with every student. 3. Be ___________(耐心), it takes time ____________(finish) it. 4. I didn’t expect ____________(see) you here. 5. Please hand in your homework _________ time(准时). 6. At _______ same time, he makes a big mistake. Keys:1.patiently; 2.patience; 3.patient, to finish; 4.to see; 5.on; 6.the 考点16: Sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is very rude. You should avoid it. 把筷子插在饭碗里是很不礼貌的。你应该避免它。 【名师解析1】句子结构：动名词做主语sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is very rude. 规则：动词不能直接作主语，需要变成动名词(doing)形式，此时谓语动词用单数。 Eg. Reading too many books is(be) good for us. 【名师解析2】stick v.粘贴，刺入，坚持 n.棍棒→过去式/过去分词：stuck ①stick A into B 把A插入B ②stick to (doing) sth. 坚持做某事 【名师解析3】avoid v.避免，避开→avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 Eg. You should avoid making the same mistake again. 你应该避免再犯同样的错误。 【对点导练】 1. ___________(talk) loudly in the library is impolite. 2. You should avoid ___________(make) noise wile eating. 3. Once you make up your mind, you should stick ________ it. 4. It’s rude to stick your chopsticks __________ the rice bowl. 5. Eating with your mouth full ___________(be) very rude in some countries. Keys:1.Talking; 2.making; 3.to; 4.into; 5.is 考点17: But once I was used to it, I became more curious and interested in learning about the culture there.但一旦我习惯了，我就对那里的文化变得更加好奇和感兴趣。 【名师解析1】be/get used to 习惯于.... ，to 在此处为介词，其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。 【辨析】used to do sth.，be used to (doing) sth.&be used to do sth. 辨析 意义及用法 used to do sth. 意为“过去经常做某事(现在不做了)”，to 为不定式符号，后接动词原形，只用于过去时态。 be used to (doing) sth. 意为“习惯于(做)某事”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”，是被动语态，不定式表示目的。 【名师解析2】curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n.好奇心 ☆形容词用法：①be curious about sth. 对某事感到好奇 ②be curious to do sth. 对做某事感到好奇 △名词用法：out of curiosity 出于好奇 【名师解析3】interest v./n.兴趣→interesting adj.有趣的→interested adj.感兴趣的 ☆名词用法：show/have an interest in sth. 对...有兴趣 places of interest 名胜古迹 △形容词用法：be/become interested in (doing) sth. 对做某事感兴趣 【名师解析4】learn v.学习，学会→①learn about sth. 了解某事 ②learn to do sth. 学会做某事 ③learn from sb. 向某人学习 【对点导练】 1. I am used to __________ (drink) a cup of milk before ___________(go) to bed every night. 2. My father is used to __________ (walk) for an hour after dinner. 3. She used to __________ (live) in the countryside, but now she ___________(live) in the city. 4. The children are used to __________ (get) up early on school days. 5. He used to __________ (play) basketball every weekend, but now he has no time. 6. The knife is used ____________(cut) vegetables. 7. Children are ____________(好奇的) about exploring new things around them and interested in doing it to meet their ______________(好奇). 8. He became interested __________ painting after ___________(take) an art class. 9. The little girl learned ___________(play) the piano at the age of four and she has a great interest _______ it. 10. Some students learned a lot _____________ this experience and decided ___________(study) harder. Keys:1.drinking, going; 2.walking; 3.live, lives; 4.getting; 5.play; 6.to cut; 7.curious, curiosity; 8.in, taking; 9.to play,in; 10.from, to study 考点18: It's so great to hear from you.收到你的来信真是太棒了。 【名师解析】hear动词，意为＂听见，听到＂→hearing n.听力，听觉 →过去式/过去分词：heard 【常用结构】（1）hear sb do sth意为＂听见某人做某事＂。 （2）hear sb doing sth意为＂听见某人正在做某事＂。 （3）hear of /about sb / sth意为＂听说某人或某事＂。 （4）hear from 意为＂收到某人的来信＂。 （5）hear+that从句意为＂听说……＂。 【对点导练】 一、用括号中单词的正确形式填空。 1. I heard her ___________(play) the piano when I walked past her room. 2. Just now, we ____________(hear) such a surprising news. 2、 用合适的hear短语填空。 1. It’s so great to ______________ you! I’ve been waiting ________ your letter. 2. I have never _____________ such a strange story before. Keys:一1.playing; 2.heard; 二1.hear from, for; 2.heard of/about 考点19: When I attended my friend's party, I didn't bring anything. 我去参加朋友的聚会时，什么也没带。 【名师解析】attend v.出席，参加 【辨析】join, join in, attend&take part in 辨析 意义及用法 join ①指加入某党派、组织、社会团体等，并成为其中一员，相当于become a member of。②join sb.指“加入某人的行列”。 join in 多指参加小规模的活动，如比赛、游戏等，常用于日常口语。 attend 意为“出席”，多为正式用语，可指参加婚礼、典礼、葬礼或上课等，但不一定起到积极的作用。 take part in 指参加某一活动并在其中发挥一定的作用。take an active part in积极参加 【对点导练】用join/join in/attend/take part in填空。 ① My brother ___________ the Party last year. ② All the students will ___________ the school sports meeting next month. ③ I ___________ my friend’s birthday party last night. ④ Can I ___________ your game? ⑤ She often ___________ the English corner to practice her spoken English. Keys:①joined; ②take part in; ③attended; ④join in; ⑤attends 考点20: It's important to bring a gift when you visit someone. 拜访别人的时候，带上一份礼物是很重要的。 【名师解析】结构：It is + 形容词 + (for sb.) to do sth.（对某人来说）做某事是……的”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to do。 Eg. It's polite to bring a gift when you visit someone. 拜访别人时带礼物是有礼貌的。 【拓展1】it作形式主语的用法 (1)当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某句中作主语时，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而真正的主语放在句尾。 (2)it作形式主语的三种常见句型结构： ①It’s + adj. + to do... ②It’s + adj. + for sb + to do... ③It’s + adj. + of sb + to do... (3)It’s + adj. + for sb +to do...与It’s+ adj. +of sb +to do...的用法辨析 It’s + adj. + for sb + to do... 句中的形容词常表示客观情况，如：hard，easy，important等 It’s + adj. + of sb + to do... 句中的形容词常表示人的性格、品质与特点等，如kind，nice，clever等 【拓展2】与it有关的常用句型： 1. It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎样的。 2. It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. 花了某人多少时间做某事 3. 主语+find/think/make...+it+adj./n.+to do sth. ......发现/认为/使做某事是怎样的 4. It’s time (for sb.) to do sth. 是时候做某事 5. It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 6. It’s a good way/idea to do sth. 做某事是个好方法/好主意。 【对点导练】 1. __________ is important fr us to learn English well. 2. It usually takes me ten minutes ____________(go) to school. 3. It’s _____________(polite) to ask someone’s age. 4. It’s my turn ____________(clean) up the classroom. 5. Tom finds ___________ hard to solve the math problem. 6. It’s important ______________(exercise) every day. 7. It’s easy __________ me to get along well with other classmates. 8. It’s time ____________(get) up, or we will be late. Keys:1.It; 2.to go; 3.impolite; 4.to clean; 5.it; 6.to exercise; 7.for; 8.to get 考点21: They don't like it when others ask them about their age, their family, whether they are married, or how much money they make.他们不喜欢别人问他们的年龄、家庭、是否结婚，或者赚多少钱。 【名师解析1】whether conj.是否，引导宾语从句。 【常用搭配】①whether...or... 是......还是......(表选择) Eg. I don’t know whether to go or stay. 我不知道是走还是留。 ②whether...or not 是否(强调不确定性) Eg. I don’t care whether you like it or not. 我不在乎你喜不喜欢。 【名师解析2】marry v.意为“结婚；嫁；娶”→married adj.已婚的→marriage n.婚姻 固定搭配 用法 marry sb. 嫁给某人/与某人结婚 marry sb. to sb. 把某人嫁给某人/为某人娶某人 get married to sb. “与某人结婚”，get married强调动作，不能与时间段连用；而be married强调状态，可以与时间段连用 be married to sb. 【对点导练】 1. I don’t know _____________(是否) he will come to the party or not. 2. Whether he is rich __________ poor, she will get married _________ him. 3. Whether you like it _________ not, you have to finish the task. 4. She got ____________(marry) to a doctor last year. 5. Her father wants to marry her ________ a businessman. Keys:1.whether; 2.or, to; 3.or; 4.married; 5.to 考点22: Last but not least, make sure you use French whenever you can. 最后但同样重要的是，确保你尽可能使用法语。 【名师解析1】make sure 短语动词，意为“确保；查明”，后可接 of sth. 或 that 从句。 Eg. Make sure you lock the door when you go out. 出门时务必锁好门。 【拓展】与sure有关的短语搭配： ①be sure of/about sth. 确定某事 ②be sure to do sth. 一定做某事 ③be sure that从句 肯定..... 【名师解析2】 ( whenever =not matter when “ 无论何时；任何时候 ” ) 【拓展】类似的由“特殊疑问词+-ever”构成的合成词还有： ( 无论谁 no matter who = ____ whoever _ ____ 无论什么 no matter wh at = ____ whatever _ ____ 无论哪里 no matter wh ere = ___ wherever _ ____ 不管怎样 no matter how = ____ however _ ____ _ ) 【对点导练】 1. Please ___________ _____________(确保) all the lights are turned off before you leave. 2. You are sure ____________(win) as long as you work hard. 3. He is sure ___________ the time of the meeting. 4. You can ask for help _______________(无论何时) you need it. 5. _____________(无论什么) you do, you should do it carefully. 6. Whoever you are, you must follow the rules.→(同义句转换)________ __________ _________ you are, you must follow the rules. 7. She will ____________(肯定地) become a great writer one day. Keys:1.make sure; 2.to win; 3.of/about; 4.whenever; 5.Whatever; 6.No matter who; 7.surely 考点23: It is impolite to point at people in many countries. 在许多国家，用手指指着别人是不礼貌的。 【名师解析】point at的意思是＂指向＂，相当于point to，二者一般可互换。point at 指向较近之物。point to指向较远之物，point 后可直接跟名词/代词作宾语，point...at...表示＂将……指向……＂。 ☞ The teacher pointed to one of the pictures. 老师指着其中的一幅图片。 ☞ She was pointing her finger at me. 她用手指指着我。 【拓展】point out 指出... 【对点导练】 1. It’s rude to point ________ others with chopsticks in China. 2. The guide pointed _________ the beautiful building and told us its history. 3. Could you please point __________ my mistakes in the composition? 4. The teacher asked us not _____________(point) at each other in class. 5. The teacher ____________(指着) at the blackboard and reminded us _____________(listen) carefully. Keys:1.at; 2.to/at; 3.out; 4.to point; 5.pointed, to listen 考点24: person receiving the email收到电子邮件的人 【辨析】accept/receive 辨析 意义及用法 图解助记 accept 意为“接受”，指主观上愿意接受，如idea, praise等。 receive 意为“收到；接收，接待”，指客观上收到，如gift, letter等，但主观上不一定接受。常与介词from连用。 【对点导练】 1. I _____________(收到) a gift from him yesterday, but I didn’t _____________(接受) it. 2. She ____________(收到) an email from her teacher this morning. 3. It’s hard for her _____________(accept) the fact that she failed the exam. 4. The tourist attraction _____________(接待) thousands of tourists every year. 5. She invited me ____________(join) the music club, and I happily _____________(接受) her invitation. Keys:1.received, accept; 2.received; 3.to accept; 4.receives; 5.to join, accepted 考点25: Mr. and Mrs. Zhao are both in their forties, and they have a son who is younger than me. 赵先生和赵太太都是四十多岁，他们有一个比我小的儿子。 【名师解析】in one’s + 基数词复数 “在某人几十多岁时”，基数词复数形式（如 twenties, thirties）指代年龄段。 Eg. My father started his own business in his thirties. 我父亲在三十多岁时开始了自己的事业。 【拓展】具体岁数：at+年龄；at the age of+年龄 在几岁时 如：at the age of 15 在15岁时 【对点导练】 1. My grandparents moved to this city in their ______________(twenty). 2. He began to learn painting _________ the age of 5. 3. Her mother started working as a teacher _________ her thirties. 4. She won her first gold medal ______ 16. 5. She became a famous singer when she was ten years old.→She became a famous singer _______ _______ _______ _______ ten. Keys:1.twenties; 2.at; 3.in; 4.at; 5.at the age of 考点26: First impressions are so important that I don't want to say or do anything wrong! 第一印象如此重要，以至于我不想说错或做错任何事！ 【名师解析】impression n.印象→impress v.使有印象→impressed adj.感到印象深刻的→impressive adj.令人印象深刻的 ①make/have/leave a(n)．．．impression on sb. 给某人留下一个……的印象 ②sb. be impressed by/with sth. 某人对某物印象深刻 ... impress sb. with/by sth. 用某物给某人留下印象 impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人意识到某事的重要性 What impresses sb. most is... 最让某人印象深刻的是... 【对点导练】 1. The beautiful scenery left a deep ______________(印象) on me. 2. Her performance was so ______________(impress) that everyone cheered loudly. 3. _________ impressed me most was her kindness to others. 4. The teacher’s words made a deep impression __________ me. Keys:1.impression; 2.impressive; 3.What; 4.on 考点27: I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.我期待着很快收到你的来信。 【名师解析】look forward to盼望；期待，其中to是介词，其后接动词doing形式。 【拓展1】与“看look”有关的短语搭配： △Look: 看人/物look at; 寻找look for; 照顾look after=take care of; 查阅，抬头看look up; 浏览look through; 向四周看，环顾look around; 期待look forward to; 看一看have a look at; 小心look out; 看起来像look like; 轻视look down; 检查look over 【拓展2】to后面接doing的短语： lead to 导致 pay attention to 关注 be used to 习惯于 stick to 坚持 the key to ...的关键 the answer to ...的答案 the secret to ....的秘密 【对点导练】 1. I’m looking forward to ___________(visit) the Great Wall with my family. 2. She is used to ____________(drink) a glass of milk before ___________(go) to bed. 3. He is looking forward _________ hearing from his pen pal soon. 4. Pay attention to ____________(listen) carefully when the teacher speaks. 5. My grandmother is ill, so I have to look _________ her at home. Keys:1.visiting; 2.drinking, going; 3.to; 4.listening; 5.after ( 同步题型分析 )（热个身先~~~） 一、根据中文意思填写正确的单词。 1. It's bad ____________(礼仪) to talk with your mouth full. 2. I will go camping this weekend ____________(除非)it rains heavily. 3. Could you please tell me the____________(合适的) way to greet people in Japan? 4. We should use ____________(分菜用的) chopsticks when eating with others to stay healthy. 5. His ____________(方法) of speaking made everyone feel comfortable. 6. People in different countries have different customs, like ________(握手) hands or hugging when they meet. 7. My grandma always ___________(亲吻) me on the cheek and says "Have a good day" when I leave home. 8. When I feel sad, my best friend will give me a warm ___________(拥抱) to make me feel better. Keys:1.manners; 2.unless; 3.proper; 4.serving; 5.manner; 6.shaking; 7.kisses; 8.hug; 二、根据句意填写单词的正确形式。 1. Different cultures have different rules for special ____________ (occasion). 2. For example, people in my country are always dressed ________ (nice) at a party. 3. Also it’s not polite to ask __________ (person) questions here. 4. We are strict about ____________ (arrive) time, but some countries are very relaxed about it. 5. Once I arrived early for a party in those countries, and it made my friend feel ________________. It was really an __________________ moment. (embarrass) 6. It was an ______________ (embarrass) moment when I took the wrong bus. 7. They learned about different ________ (culture) traditions in the history class today. 8. Mr Smith used to ________ (drive) to work, but now he is used to ________ (walk) to work. 9. The game “Travel in Space” sounds ____________ and we are all ________________ in it. (interest) 10. Mary looked ________ when she heard the ________ news.(surprise) 11. He felt _______________ (embarrass) when he made a mistake. 12. It's __________ (polite) to talk loudly in the library. 13. They ___________ (greet) each other with a smile yesterday. 14. Different ___________ (custom) make the world colourful. 15. The news ____________ (surprise) all of us just now. 16. Could you tell me the right way ____________ (use) a fork?   17. In China, you should remember not ____________ (eat) before the old people start.  18. Lucy is ____________ (worry) about her English test because she doesn’t prepare for it.  19. Most ____________ (important), we must keep quiet and focus on the books in the library.  20. I want to enjoy ____________ (I) by picking flowers in the garden all the afternoon.  21. He tried his best to make a good ___________ (impress) on the interviewers during the job interview. 22. The next exercise is much ____________ (difficult) than this one. 23. Stephen is looking forward to ________ (meet) his new friend David from Australia. 24. We’ll try our best ________ (cheer) for them in the game. 25. Small birds live ________ (main) on insects. 26. It’s _________ (proper) to ask about a person’s salary in many cultures. Keys:1.occasions; 2.nicely; 3.personal; 4.arrival; 5.embarrassed, embarrassing; 6. embarrassing; 7.cultural; 8.drive, walking; 9.interesting, interested; 10.surprised, surprising; 11.embarrassed; 12.impolite; 13.greeted; 14.customs; 15.surprised; 16.to use; 17.to eat; 18.worried; 19.importantly; 20.myself; 21.impression; 22.more difficult; 23.meeting; 24.to cheer; 25.mainly; 26.improper 三、方框选词 whether, custom, private, marry, blouse 1. In my friend Lily’s country, people are quite___________. 2. They don’t want others to ask them __________ they have much money. 3. They usually wear simple ________ and shorts when attending a party. 4. And people there often get ________ in white clothes, because they think white is a symbol of purity(纯洁)in their culture. 5. Every country has its ______________ and it’s important to respect them. Keys:1.private; 2.whether; 3.blouses; 4.married; 5.customs 四、请根据汉语意思完成句子。 1.我经常收到我的印度笔友的来信。他会跟我讲他们的文化。 I often ________ ________ my Indian pen pal. He tells me about their culture. 2.起初，我不理解他们为什么用手吃饭，但是现在我知道那是他们重要的传统。 ________ ________, I didn’t understand why they eat with hands, but now I know it’s their important tradition. 3.当你游览一个新地方时，确保你先了解它的文化。 When you visit a new place, ________ ________ you know its culture first. 4.如果你想尊重他们的文化，学习简单的当地问候语帮助很大。 If you want to show respect to their culture, learning simple local greetings ________ ________ ________ ________. 5.最后但同样重要的是，切勿嘲笑不同的习俗。 ________ ________ ________ ________ , never laugh at different customs. 6.除非下雨，否则我们明天踢足球。 ________ it rains, we will play football tomorrow. 7.天气太热了，所以他一进房间就脱掉了外套。 It was too hot, so he ________ ________ his coat ________ ________ ________ he entered the room. 8. 待一个月后，你会习惯这里的炎热天气。 You’ll ________ ________ ________ the hot weather here after staying for a month. 9. 英国的餐桌礼仪如此令人困惑，以至于我有点担心。 English table manners are ______ confusing ______ I’m a little worried. 10. 记得等主人开动后再吃。 Remember to ______ ______ the host to start before you eat. 11. 刀叉的正确用法是右手拿刀，左手拿叉。 The proper way to use a knife and fork is to ______ the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left. 12. 在中国吃饭时，要坐直，不要把胳膊肘放在桌子上。 When eating in China, you should ______ ______ straight and keep your elbows off the table. 13. 请使用公筷从公用盘子里夹菜。 Please use _________ ____________ to take food from shared dishes. 14. 用餐结束后，要向主人道谢并说食物很美味。 After the meal, you should ______ the host and say that everything was delicious. 15. 印象是如此重要，以至于我不想说错或做错任何事情！ ____________ are so important that I don’t want to say or do __________ __________! 16. 在中国的餐桌礼仪中，挥舞筷子是不礼貌的，尤其是有客人在场时。 In Chinese table manners, _________ ___________ is not polite, especially when there are guests. 17. 吃饭时闭着嘴巴是好的餐桌礼仪。 Eating with your mouth closed is good ______ _________. 18. 我妈妈50多岁开始学画画，现在超喜欢。 My mum started learning to paint _____ ______ _________ and she loves it very much now. 19. 她期待着下个月见到来自澳大利亚的笔友。 She _________ ___________ ______ ___________ her pen pal from Australia next month. Keys:1.hear from; 2.At first; 3.make sure; 4.goes a long way; 5.Last but not least; 6.Unless; 7.took off, as soon as; 8.get used to; 9.so, that; 10.wait for; 11.hold; 12.sit up; 13.serving chopsticks; 14.thank; 15.Impressions, anything wrong; 16.waving chopsticks; 17.table manners; 18.in her fifties; 19.looks forward to meeting 五、用as soon as, so...that或unless填空，每空词数不限。(16分) 1. ____________ I got home today, my good friend Mike called me. He said he was 2. ________ busy these days 3. ________ he had no time to visit me. Because of this he felt very sorry. On the phone Mike also said he would have a party this weekend. He knew that 4. ________ he invited me, I would not go to the party. But my mother asked me to look after my sister Rita. My mother isn’t at home now. She went to work. 5. ________ she comes home from work, I’ll tell her the news. 6. ________ someone can take care of my sister, I won’t go to the party because she is 7. ____________ young 8. ________ she can’t look after herself. Keys:1.As soon as; 2.so; 3.that; 4.unless; 5.As soon as; 6.Unless; 7.so; 8.that ( 课堂达标检测 )（你都掌握了没有呢~~~） 一、词汇运用 A.将方框中所给词语的适当形式填入短文中，每词仅用一次。 ( embarrassed confused formal rude uncommon lonelyproud ) When you travel to a foreign country, understanding local greeting manners is the key to smooth communication. In Japan, bowing is a daily custom to show respect. If you just shake hands casually, you may make the locals feel 1._____________. In India, people put their palms together and say "namaste" to greet others. Hugging strangers there is quite 2._________. At a 3. _________ business meeting, asking others' private questions directly is considered 4._________. If you are not familiar with local rules, you may feel 5._________. Always remember, when in Rome, do as the Romans do. 1.答案：embarrassed 解析：前文提到日本的日常礼仪是鞠躬（bowing），如果只是随意握手，会让当地人感到尴尬。feel + 形容词结构，修饰人用embarrassed，符合语境。 2.答案：uncommon 解析：印度的问候礼仪是合十礼（namaste），在当地拥抱陌生人是不常见的。quite uncommon 表示 “相当罕见”，贴合跨文化礼仪的常识。 3.答案：formal 解析：修饰名词business meeting（商务会议），用形容词formal，表示正式的商务会议，符合语境。 4.答案：rude 解析：在正式商务场合，直接询问他人的私人问题，会被认为是粗鲁的。be considered + 形容词结构，rude 表示 “粗鲁的、无礼的”，符合文化礼仪常识。 5.答案：confused 解析：如果不熟悉当地的规则，你可能会感到困惑。feel + 形容词结构，修饰人用confused，表示 “困惑的、不知所措的”，符合逻辑。 B.阅读下面短文，根据括号内所给汉语写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)。 Cross-cultural communication helps us build bridges with people from different backgrounds. In many Asian countries, people greet each other with a 1._________(鞠躬) or a handshake. In France, close friends often exchange a kiss on the 2.___________(脸颊) when meeting, which may feel strange to first-time visitors. In 3.___________(印度的) culture, using your left hand to eat or pass food is considered 4.____________(粗鲁的) and 5._____________(不合适的). At 6._____________(正式的) dinners in China, 7.___________(筷子) are the main tableware, and you should never stick them upright in rice. In Western countries, people usually use knives and 8.__________(叉子) to eat, and it is polite to keep your 9.___________(手肘) off the table. If you are 10.____________(困惑的) about local 11.___________(习俗), just ask politely. Firstly, learn about cultural differences before traveling. Secondly, behave 12.___________(正确地) in public. Thirdly, always show respect to local 13.___________(传统). Good manners will leave a positive 14.___________(印象) on others, and help you build true friendships across cultures. After all, 15.___________(文化的) differences make our world a more colorful place. 答案：1.bow; 2.cheek; 3.Indian; 4.rude; 5.improper; 6.formal; 7.chopsticks; 8.forks; 9.elbows; 10.confused; 11.customs; 12.correctly; 13.traditions; 14.impression; 15.cultural 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人一个适当的词，或填人括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Good health depends on good lifestyles. So spend some time 1. ____________(read) the following suggestions. Have a bedtime. Sleep is considered to be the 2.___________(three) pillar(支柱) of health. Without doubt, 3._____________(get) enough sleep has many advantages. One of 4. ____________ (simple) things you can do to get enough sleep each night is to set 5. ____________bedtime and make sure of following it 6._____________(strict). Cut out sugar where you can. I used 7.____________(have) a sweet tooth. If you put cupcakes, ice-creams or cookies in front of me, I'd certainly eat them. But the 8.____________(much) I learned about how much sugar is bad for my health, the more I realized I had to cut out sugar of my diet. Now instead of juice and soda, I only drink water. And I'm always trying my best 9.____________(stay) away from sugar. Know when to stay off your phone. This is another thing I'm still trying to be better at. We're used to 10.__________(put) our eyes on those small screens. And we often ignore something else that's more important. It's 11. ____________ (polite) to let your friends wait while you are busy 12.____________(answer) your emails. Cook food yourself. Salad looks healthy, 13. _________it can be different when it's made with sugar in a restaurant. The same goes for any other food. So the best way to 14.___________(true) know what you're eating is to just make it 15. ____________ (you). 答案：1.reading; 2.third; 3.getting; 4.the simplest; 5.a; 6.strictly; 7.to have; 8.more; 9.to stay; 10.putting; 11.impolite; 12.answering; 13.but; 14.truly; 15.yourself ( C专题 —— so...that..., as soon as, unless 状语从句与形容词 ) ( 专题导入 )（课堂精粹~） ( 考点分析 ) Let’s learn: 1. Read the sentences. Pay attention to the bold(粗体的) words. I was surprised by your bow. We usually just say “hello” or shake hands in the US. That’s surprising! In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher. Don’t look so embarrassed! But it is embarrassing! English table manners are confusing. Jimmy is really an interesting people. He has endless jokes. Rule 1: The bold words are adj.形容词. Rule 2: Words that end in -ed describe how someone feels Rule 3: Words that end in -ing describe the features of something or someone. 【拓展】surprised/surprising 是英语中情感类形容词的典型代表，这类词的变形都遵循“-ed 修饰人，-ing 修饰物”的规律。如： -ed（人的感受） -ing（事物的属性） excited（兴奋的） exciting（令人兴奋的） bored（无聊的） boring（令人无聊的） tired（疲惫的） tiring（令人疲惫的） interested（感兴趣的） interesting（有趣的） embarrassed（尴尬的） embarrassing（令人尴尬的） 2. Read the sentences. What do the words in red mean? Do you ever bow? No, that’s so formal that we don’t do it these days. Should I bring something? Sure. Bring a small gift, but don’t bring food unless the host asks you to. That’s surprising! In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher. In Korean culture, we don’t usually kiss people unless we love them. English table manners are so confusing that I’m a little worried. 总结：so... ... that，意为 如此，以至于，说明事情发生的 结果。 as soon as 意为 一......就.....，说明事情发生的 时间。 unless 意为 除非，说明事情发生的 条件。 语法结构 意义及用法 so … that ☆如此……以至于；引导结果状语从句 ☆so后接形容词/ 副词原形, 强调程度, that引导的从句表示结果。其结构如下： ►so +形容词/副词+ that从句 ►so +形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数+ that从句 ►so + many/few +可数名词复数+ that从句 ►so + much/little +不可数名词+ that从句 【口诀】“多多少少（many/much/few/little）要用so” Eg.他如此强壮以至于能搬动这个箱子。 He is so strong that he can carry the box . 她是如此漂亮的一个女孩，以至于我们都喜欢她。 She is so beautiful a girl that we all like her . unless △除非；引导条件状语从句，位置灵活，可主句前或主句后 △相当于if...not，意为“除了……之外”, 表示唯一条件。引导条件状语从句，句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，即遵循“ 主将从现 ”原则。 Eg.如果明天不下雨，我们将去游泳。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go swimming. = Unless it rains tomorrow, we will go swimming . as soon as □一……就；引导时间状语从句，表示两个动作在时间上紧密相连，几乎同时发生。 从句位置灵活，可主句前或主句后 □as soon as引导时间状语从句，若主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，即遵循“ 主将从现 ”原则；若主句是一般过去时或过去将来时，从句用一般过去时。 Eg.我一吃完饭就会做作业。 I will do my homework as soon as I finish the meal . She took out her English books as soon as she sat down. 【拓展延伸1】 1.在so...that中，当that引导的结果状语从句是肯定句且从句主语与主句主语相同时，so...that可以与...enough to do 进行转换；当that引导的结果状语从句是否定句时，可与too...to...或not...enough to do进行转换。 Eg.He is so strong that he can carry the box.他如此强壮，能搬动这个箱子。 = He is strong enough to carry the box. Jimmy is so young that he can’t go to school. 吉米（年龄）太小了，不能去上学。 = Jimmy is too young to go to school. = Jimmy is not old enough to go to school. 2.such...that也可以引导结果状语从句，其结构为： ►such + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+ that从句 ►such +形容词+可数名词单数+ that从句 ►such +形容词+不可数名词+ that从句 Eg.They are such good students that the teacher likes them. 他们是很好的学生，所以老师喜欢他们。 【拓展延伸2】 1.so... that... 引导结果状语从句,表示 “如此……以至于……”的逻辑关系。它强调主句中的某种程度或状态导致了一个明确的结果。 结构： so + 形容词/ 副词 + that 结果状语从句。 The math problem is so difficult that no one can solve it. 这道数学题如此难，以至于没人能解出来。 · He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up. 他跑得如此快，以至于我追不上。 2.so that还可引导结果状语从句,意为"因此,所以"。从句谓语中通常不含情态动词。 The movie was boring so that half of the audience was asleep. 这部电影太无聊了，所以一半的观众都睡着了。 3.so that意为"为了，以便"，引导目的状语从句，一般放在主句后, 且不用逗号隔开,相当于 in order that, 从句谓语中多含有can, could, may, might等情态动词。 ( 强化练习 )（ 举一反三增能力！） 一、用so/such... that”, if, unless,as soon as 填空。 1. I believe you will succeed in the end ______ you don’t give up halfway. 2. I gave some flowers to Gina ____________she finished singing on stage. 3. It is ______ an interesting movie _______ I feel like watching it a second time. 4. You can't enter the building ______ you have a pass. 5. The speech is ______ boring ________ I want to leave. 6. I will call you ___________ I arrive in Beijing. 7. Nobody can hear you ________ you speak in a louder voice. Keys:1.if; 2.as soon as; 3.such, that; 4.unless; 5.so, that; 6.as soon as; 7.unless 二、单项选择 1.The cultural difference was ______ big ______ I needed a local guide. A. so, that B. such, that C. too, to D. enough, to 2.Don't use your left hand to eat in India ______ you're left-handed. A. if B. unless C. as soon as D. so that 3.The traditional ceremony was ______. Everyone was ______ by its beauty. A. amazed, amazing B. amazing, amazed C. amazing, amazing D. amazed, amazed 4.______ you receive a business card in Japan, read it carefully. A. Unless B. So that C. As soon as D. Because 5.I was ______ when I realized I had used the wrong greeting. A. embarrassed B. embarrassing C. embarrass D. embarrassment Keys:1.A; 2.B; 3.B; 4.C; 5.A 三、情景对话 情景：Mike刚从日本回来，向朋友Lisa分享经历 Lisa: Hi Mike! How was your trip to Japan? Mike: Amazing! But sometimes (1) confusing (confuse). The customs are (2) so different that I made many mistakes at first. Lisa: Really? Like what? Mike: Well, (3) as soon as I received a business card, I just put it in my pocket. That was wrong! Lisa: What should you have done? Mike: I should have read it carefully. It's (4) embarrassing (embarrass) when you realize your mistake. Lisa: Don't feel bad. Learning new cultures is (5) challenging (challenge) but (6) interesting (interest). Mike: True. And in restaurants, don't stick chopsticks upright in your rice (7) unless you want to signal death. Lisa: Wow, that's (8) surprising (surprise)! The symbolism is (9) so strong that you must be careful. Mike: Exactly. (10) As soon as you understand these customs, you'll enjoy Japan much more. 四、根据句意填写单词的正确形式 1. We are _________ (interest) in local customs. 2. The culture is so _________ (interest) that we want to know more. 3. He was _________ (excite) to travel abroad. 4. The trip is so _________ (excite) that nobody wants to sleep. 5. The speech is so _________ (bore) that I want to leave. 6. I am _________ (bore) with this long speech. 7. The music is so _________ (relax) that we feel calm. 8. They were _________ (relax) after the journey. 9. There are many ________ (culture) differences between these two countries. 10. It’s ____________ (embarrass) to make such a careless mistake in front of the class. 11. She isn’t used to ______ (live) in the countryside now. 12. I won’t let you go unless you _____ (tell) me the truth. 13. —Have a safe trip! —OK, Dad. I _________ (give) you a call as soon as I arrive there. 14. We Chinese may be _________ (surprise) that Americans treat their pets like their own children. Sometimes even better. 15. I became more _________ (interest) in learning about the culture there. Keys:1.interested; 2.interesting; 3.excited; 4.exciting; 5.boring; 6.bored; 7.relaxing; 8.relaxed; 9.cultural; 10.embarrassing; 11.living; 12.tell; 13.will give; 14.surprised; 15.interested ( T能力 —— 书面表达：文化沟通 ) 　 本单元的主题是“如何与不同文化背景的人沟通”,要求学生能够运用相关词汇,就如何遵守中国习俗提供一些建议。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①明确指出跨文化沟通中需注意的习俗;②说明关注这些方面的原因;③对比中西习俗差异,强调入乡随俗的重要性。 在中考书面表达中,与“跨文化沟通”主题相关的命题形式较为多样,例如介绍跨文化沟通中需要关注的关键方面。通常需要涵盖的主要内容包括:指出跨文化沟通中需要改进的行为;阐述改进这些行为的原因;详细说明做好跨文化沟通的具体方法。 写作实例 假如你是李华,你最近认识的英国笔友David给你发了一封电子邮件。请认真阅读下面的邮件,根据邮件的内容用英 语回复。 To:lihua@china.com From:davidsmith@britain.com　Subject: Hangzhou Dear Li Hua, I’m going to Hangzhou this summer vacation. But I know very little about Chinese customs. Are there any customs I should pay attention to when I get to China? Can you tell me something about Chinese customs? I’m looking forward to your reply. All the best, David 注意:1.词数80左右;2.文中不得使用你的真实姓名和校名;3.可适当发挥,使全文连贯。 审题指导 1.体裁:应用文 2.时态:以一般现在时为主 3.人称:以第二人称为主 4.必备词句:①I'm thrilled to hear that...我很高兴听到…… ②It’s polite to do... 做……是礼貌的 ③be associated with与……有关 ④exchange red envelopes交换红包 ⑤I can’t wait to hear about... 我迫不及待想听到…… ⑥I’m sure you’ll have an amazing time here.我相信你在这儿会玩得很开心。 谋篇布局 优秀范文 Dear David, I’m thrilled to hear that you're planning to visit Hangzhou this summer vacation! I’m sure you'll have an amazing time here. When in China, there are several customs you should know. First, it’s polite to greet people with a smile and a nod, and shaking hands is also common. When dining, remember not to stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl, as it’s associated with funerals. Instead, place them on the chopstick rest. If you’re invited to a Chinese home, it’s a good idea to bring some small gifts, like some fruits or flowers. Besides, during traditional festivals like the Spring Festival, people exchange red envelopes for good luck. I can’t wait to hear about your adventures in Hangzhou! If you have any other questions, feel free to let me know. Have a safe and enjoyable trip! Best wishes, Li Hua ( 强化练习 )（ 举一反三增能力！） 假设你是李华,你的新西兰笔友Nancy近期计划到中国游学。她发邮件向你询问中国的礼仪。请你根据以下思维导图的内容提示,给她回复一封邮件。 注意:1.可在思维导图的内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息。2.不得出现真实校名和学生的真实姓名。3.语句连贯,词数80左右。 Dear Nancy, I am thrilled to know you’ll visit China for a study tour! Let me share some key points about Chinese etiquette. Firstly, when greeting others for the first time, a handshake is preferred—hugging or kissing is uncommon. As soon as you plan to visit a friend’s home, remember to call in advance and consider bringing a small gift like fresh fruits or traditional snacks. During meals, using chopsticks is a must; always wait for the elders to pick up their chopsticks first. Additionally, having a cup of tea after dinner not only shows politeness but also fits the local custom. I believe these tips will help you behave properly. I can’t wait to hear about your experiences in China! Best wishes, Li Hua ( 15 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 八年级下单元同步教学内容 T(U6 Crossing Cultures) C(状语从句与-ed/-ing形容词) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ( T同步 —— 八年级下Unit 6 Crossing Cultures ) ( 同步知识梳理 )（大脑放电影~） 八下Unit 6基础知识梳理 类别 课标考点要求 词 汇 攻 关 1.____________ v.与(某人)握手；摇动 n.摇动，奶昔→过去式：____________→过去分词：____________→shake __________ 握手 2. __________ v.&n.鞠躬→bow _______ sb. 向某人鞠躬 3. ___________ v.碰，撞 n.碰撞，(撞击造成的)肿块 4. ___________ n.拳头→bump ________ 顶拳 5. ___________ v.摩擦；揉→过去式/过去分词：____________ 6. ____________ v.亲吻 n.吻 7. ____________ n.脸颊(可数)→kiss ________ the cheek 亲吻脸颊 8. ____________ v.&n.拥抱→过去式/过去分词：____________→ing形式：____________ 9. ______________ adj.(感到)尴尬的→embarrass v.使尴尬→______________ adj.令人尴尬的 10. _____________ adj.(感到)困惑的→confuse v.使困惑→_______________ adj.令人困惑的→______________ n.困惑 11. _____________ adj.正式的→____________ adv.正式地→_____________ adj.不正式的 12. _____________ n.咖喱菜 13. _____________ adj.粗鲁的→______________ adv.粗鲁地→_____________ n.粗鲁 14. ____________ adj.罕见的，不寻常的→______________ adj.普通的，常见的，共同的 15. _____________ n.手掌 16. namaste interj.______________(印度人行合十礼时口中所念之词) 17. ____________ n.叉子→(对应词)____________ n.小刀 18. _____________ adj.印度的，印度人的 n.印度人→_____________ n.印度 19. ____________ n.方式；(pl. _____________)礼仪→table _____________ 餐桌礼仪→______ a ...manner 用一种...方式 20. ____________ conj.除非；如果不 21. ____________ adj.恰当的，正确的→____________ adv.恰当地→____________ adj.不恰当的，不合适的 22. _____________ n.肘，肘部 23. ____________ adj.分菜用的 n.一份食物→serve v.服务→____________ n.服务→servant n.仆人 24. ____________ n.筷子→serving chopsticks _____________ 25. ____________ adj.出人意料的；令人吃惊的→surprise v./n.吃惊，惊喜→____________ adj.感到惊讶的→_______________ adv.令人吃惊地 26. ______________ adj.与文化有关的；文化的→____________ n.文化 27. _____________ n.习俗 28. _____________ n.场合；重大活动→_____________ adj.偶尔的 29. ____________ adv.漂亮地，令人愉快地→____________ adj.愉快的 30. ____________ n.(女式)衬衫或短上衣 31. ____________ adj.私人的，私密的→privacy n.隐私→_______________ adv.私人地 32. ______________ conj.是否→_____________...or not 是否.. 33. ____________ adj.已婚的；婚姻的→____________ v.结婚，娶，嫁→marriage n.婚姻→get married (_____ sb.) (与某人)结婚 34. merci ___________(法语) 35. au revoir ___________(法语) 36. ____________ adj.正确的；恰当的 v.改正，纠正→____________ adv.正确地 37. ____________ adj.不安全的；危险的→____________ adj.安全的→____________ n.安全→____________ adv.安全地 38. ____________ n.牛仔裤(pl.) 39. ____________ v.祝贺→_______________ n.祝贺→congratulate _____ sb. _______ sth. 祝贺某人某事 40. ____________ adj.亚洲的 n.亚洲人→___________ n.亚洲 41. ______________ n.传统→____________ adj.传统的 42. ____________ adv.第一，首先 43. ____________ adv.第二，其次 44. ____________ adv.第三 45. ____________ v.收到，接待 46. sign-off n.(信件或广播的)___________ 47. _____________ adj.主要的→____________ adv.主要地 48. ____________ adj.错误的；不真实的→(反)___________ adj.正确的 49. _______________ n.印象→impress v.印象→_______________ adj.有印象的→________________ adj.令人印象深刻的→make/leave an impression ________ sth./sb.给某人/某物留下印象 50. cheers interj.______________ 短 语 归 纳 1. table ____________ 餐桌礼仪 2. sit ____________ 坐直 3. keep...____________ 使不碰到；使避开 4. serving chopsticks ____________ 5. be used _____ (________) sth. 习惯于做某事 6. hear ___________ 得到......消息 7. go ________ long way 帮助很大 8. get along (_________ sb.)相处融洽；进展 9. communicate ________ sb. 和某人沟通/交流 10. shake __________ (_________ sb.) (和某人)握手 11. ____________ noses 碰鼻礼 12. ____________ fists 碰拳 13. kiss ____________ the cheek 亲吻脸烦(见面礼) 14. offer sb sth=offer sth. _______ sb.为某人提供某物 15. press one's ____________ together 双手合十 16. be popular ________+地点 在某地很受欢迎 17. be special _________ sb.对某人来说很特别 18. use sth. __________ sth. 使用某物做某事 19. have ____________ 吃晚餐 20. ____________ sb’s house 在某人的家 21. ________...__________... 如此...以至于.... 22. remember ____________ sth. 记得去做某事 23. wait _________ sb./sth. 等某人/某物 24. get ____________ 感到困惑 25. everyone ____________ 所有别的人 26. enjoy _____________ 玩得开心 27. stand ____________ 站起 28. reach ____________ 伸手去拿；伸手去够 29. ask sb. __________ sth. 要求某人做某事 30. pass sb. sth.=pass sth. ______ sb. 把某物递给某人 31. take food ____________ shared dishes从共用的的盘子里夹菜 32. give sb some ____________ ___________ sth.给某人关于…的建议 33. be ____________ by 对…感到惊讶：被…惊到 34. as soon _______ 一...就... 35. one ____________ 彼此，互相 36. take __________ 飞机起飞：脱下衣物等 37. expect sb ___________ sth 期望某人做某事 38. _______ time 准时；按时 39. stick sth ____________..…把某物插入… 40. invite sb ___________ sth 邀请某人做某事 41. be different _________ 与…不同 42. _________ example 例如 43. get ____________下车；下（飞机、船等） 44. ___________ sb’s right and left 在某人的左右边 45. even ___________ 虽然，尽管=even __________ 46. plenty ________ 大量，许多 47. culture shock ____________ 48. be _____________ _______ (doing) sth. 对做某事感兴趣 49. learn ____________ sth. 了解某事 50. a ____________ lonely 有点孤独 51. ____________ first 首先 52. start ____________/__________ sth. 开始做某事 53. make ____________ 交朋友 54. help sb. _____________ sth. 帮助某人做某事 55. ____________ the party 在聚会上 56. ____________ month 上个月 57. would like ____________ sth. 想要做某事 58. share sth. ___________ sb. 和某人分享某物 59. a few+ 可数名词____________ 一些... 60. be surprised ____________ sth 对做某事感到惊讶 61. get sth ____________ 把…准备好 62. ____________ one's party参加某人的聚会 63. thank sb _________ sth因某事感谢某人 64. try ___________ sth. 尽力做某事 65. ask sb. ____________ sth. 询问某人关于某事 66. last ____________ not least 最后但同等重要的是 67. make ____________ 确保 68. ____________ of=_______ lot of 大量，许多 69. _________ the beginning of.. 在...的开始 70. make ____________ 犯错误 71. talk ________/________ sb. 跟某人交谈 72. learn ____________ sb./sth. 向某人/某物学习 73. dress ____________ the occasion 根据场合着装；着装得体 74. how ____________ 多少 75. ____________ English 说英语 76. develop relationships ____________ sb 与某人建立/培养关系 77. can't wait _____________ sth 迫不及待做某事 78. point ____________ 指着 79. just now ____________ 80. explain sth. _______ sb. 向某人解释某物 81. keep ___________ sth. 一直做某事 82. learn ____________ sth. 学会做某事 83. land ____________ （飞机）降落于 84. stay ____________ 和…待在一起 85. ____________ two weeks 两周 86. ________ one's forties 在某人四十多岁的时候 87. be worried ____________ doing sth. 担心做某事 88. want ___________ sth. 想要做某事 89. look forward _______ (____________) sth 期待(做)某事 90. bring sb sth=bring sth. _______ sb. 给某人带来某物 91. give sb sth.=give sth. _______ sb. 给某人某物 重 点 句 型 1. Could you __________________________ on __________________________? 你能给我一些关于餐桌礼仪的建议吗? 2. —Do you ever bow? 你们会行鞠躬礼吗? —No, that's ____________________________we don't do it these days. 不会，那太正式了以至于我们现在不这么做。 3.-I __________________________ by your bow. We usually just say "Hello" or shake hands in the US. —你的鞠躬让我很惊讶。在美国，我们通常只说“你好”或者握手。 - That's __________________! In Japan, we bow _________________ we meet a teacher. —真令人惊讶！在日本，我们一见到老师就鞠躬。 4. —Should I bring something? 我应该带一些东西吗? —Sure. Bring a small gift, but don't bring food ___________________________________. 带个小礼物，但除非主人要求，不然别带食物 5. —Don't look so _________________! 别看起来这么尴尬! —But it is ________________! 可它太令人尴尬了! 6.But once I ___________________ it, I became _______________________________ learning about the culture there. 但一旦我习惯了，我就对那里的文化变得更加好奇和感兴趣。 7.It's so great to ___________________ you. 收到你的来信真是太棒了。 8. But English table manners are __________________________________. 但英式餐桌礼仪太让人困惑了，我有点担心。 9. Bring a small gift, but don't bring food ___________________________________. 带个小礼物，但除非主人让你带，否则别带食物。 10. I was _________________________ at first, but I'm starting to make some friends. 一开始我还有点孤单，但我已经开始交到一些朋友了。 11. They __________________________________________ here after I had some embarrassing experiences at a party last month. 上个月我在一场派对上有过几次尴尬的经历之后，他们帮我更多地了解了这里的习俗。 12. At that party it was __________________ to see how nicely everyone was dressed. 在那场派对上，看到每个人都打扮得那么得体，真令人惊讶。 13. It is impolite to ___________________ in many countries. 在许多国家，用手指指着别人是不礼貌的。 14.I _________________________________ them. 我迫不及待地想向他们表示祝贺。 15. You'll see what I mean ______________________________________! 你一到这儿，就会明白我的意思了。 16. I'm _________________________________________ soon. 我期待着很快收到你的来信。 八下 Unit 6重要知识解析 考点1：How do we communicate with people from different cultures?我们如何与来自不同文化背景的人交流? 【名师解析】communicate v.沟通，交流→_________________ n.沟通，交流 【用法总结】communicate ___________ sb.与……交流/沟通”，后接人或群体，强调双向信息传递。 Eg. We should learn to communicate with our parents patiently.我们应该学会耐心地与父母沟通。 【考点抢测】1. We should learn how to communicate ___________ our friends. 2.Good ______________(沟通) is very important in our daily life. 3.He finds it hard _____________(communicate) with shy people. 考点2：Match greetings with pictures. 【认一认】 ________ shake hands ________ bow ________ bump fists ________ rub noses ________ kiss on the cheek ________ hug 考点3：shake hands 握手 【名师解析】shake v.与（某人）握手；摇动→过去式为 ___________→过去分词为______________ shake ___________ (_________ sb.) 与某人握手 shake one’s _________ 摇头 Eg. May I shake hands with you? 我能和你握个手吗? Shake the bottle before you open it. 打开瓶子之前先摇一摇。 If you don’t agree, shake your head. 你如果不同意，摇摇头。 【拓展】shake n.奶昔 eg. I'd like a strawberry milk shake. 我想要一杯草莓奶昔 【对点导练】 1.He _________ (shake) my hand and said hello to me just now. 2.The boy __________ (摇动) the box to see what’s inside. 3. When you meet someone for the first time, would you shake hands ________ him/her? 4.—What would you like to drink? —I’d like a banana milk __________(奶昔). It’s my favorite. 5. She ___________(摇动) her head just now, which meant that she didn’t agree with our plan. 考点4：People will usually offer you some tea/fruit when you visit them. 当你拜访他们的时候，他们通常会给你一些茶/水果。 【名师解析】offer v.提供，给予；提议，表示愿意（做某事）；出（价）n.主动提议，提供； 出价，报价 【常用结构】offer sb. sth.=offer sth. _______ sb. 给某人提供某物 offer _____________ sth. 主动提出做某事 【练一练】1. He offers me some coffee.=He offers some coffee ________ me. 2. The host always offers ___________(help) someone in need. 3. When you visit your friends, they will often _____________(主动提供) you some fruit. 考点5：It is rude to give or take things with your hand.用手递送或接取东西是不礼貌的。 【名师解析1】rude adj.粗鲁的，无礼的→(反)adj.有礼貌的____________，常与介词 to 搭配（be rude _____ sb.） Eg. It’s impolite to be rude to the elderly.对老人粗鲁是不礼貌的。 【名师解析2】take sth. ___________ sth. 用某物拿某物 Eg. Don’t forget to take your ID card with you. 别忘了带上身份证。 【练一练】1. It is ___________(粗鲁的) to talk with your mouth full. 2. If you take things _________ your left hand, the host will be angry. 3. _______ is rude to ask someone’s age directly. 4. You can’t be so rude _________ the old people. 考点6：Dishes with beef are common/uncommon. 含牛肉的菜肴是常见的/不常见的。 【名师解析】uncommon adj.罕见的；不寻常的→(反)______________ adj.普遍的，常见的 【拓展】have sth. ________ common (with sb.) (与某人) 有共同之处 【对点导练】 1. It is __________ (常见的) to see teenagers use mobile phones. 2. Snow is __________ (罕见的) in southern China in winter. 3.These two stories have nothing in __________ (共同的). 4. It is __________ (uncommon) for teenagers to play sports every day. 5. My sister and I have a lot __________ common. We both love painting. 考点7：What special foods do Indian people often eat? 印度人常吃哪些特色食物? 【名师解析】Indian adj.印度的；印度人的 n.印度人→__________ n.印度→______ Indian 一个印度人 【拓展】国家-国人词性转换： 国家 国人/形容词 India印度 Indian(s)印度人；印度的 America美国 American(s)美国人；美国的 Australia澳大利亚 Australian(s)澳大利亚人；澳大利亚的 Canada加拿大 Canadian(s)加拿大人；加拿大的 Russia俄罗斯 Russian(s)俄罗斯人；俄罗斯的 Germany德国 German(s)德国人；德国的 Africa非洲 African(s)非洲人；非洲的 Asia亚洲 Asian(s)亚洲人；亚洲的 Europe欧洲 European(s)欧洲人；欧洲的 Italy 意大利 Italian(s) 意大利人；意大利的 Korea 韩国 Korean(s) 韩国人；韩国的 特殊变化（初中必考易错） China 中国 Chinese中国人 单复同形 Japan 日本 Japanese日本人 单复同形 England / UK 英国 English / Englishman/ Englishmen英格兰；英国 France 法国 French / Frenchman/Frenchmen法国；法国人 【对点导练】 1.He comes from ____________ (印度), and he is _____________ Indian. 2.There are three _____________ (亚洲人) in the classroom. 3.He met two _____________ (Japan) on his trip to Tokyo. 4.She is an _____________ (America) girl, but she lives in China. 5.Many _____________ (German) come to China to learn Chinese every year. 考点8：What’s wrong, Hongli? 怎么了，洪丽? 【名师解析】wrong adj.错误的，有毛病的；在口语中常用来询问对方的状况。 【核心句型】What’s wrong (________ sb.)? (某人)怎么了?=What’s the matter (_________ sb.)?=What’s up?=What happened (________ sb.)? There is something wrong _________ sth. .....有问题 【短语搭配】go wrong _________________ 【对点导练】 1. —What’s wrong _________ you? You look sad. —I lost my favorite pen. 2. There is something wrong ________ my car, so I have to get it repaired. 3. I try not to stress out when things go ____________(错误的). 考点9：But English manners are so confusing that I’m a little worried. 但是英国人的礼仪太令人困惑了，我有点担心。 【名师解析1】manner n.方式，方法；礼貌，礼仪(pl.) ☆单数用法：in this manner 以这种方式 Eg. She spoke in a polite manner. 她说话举止文雅。 △复数用法：礼仪，礼貌(考试必考) ①table manners _________________ ②good/bad manners 有礼貌/没礼貌 ③social manners 社交礼仪 【名师解析2】______________ adj.令人困惑的→_____________ adj.感到困惑的→confuse v.使困惑→confusion n.困惑 【搭配用法】be confused ___________ sth. 对某事感到困惑 be confused ______________ sth. 对做某事感到困惑 【名师解析3】worry v.担心，担忧→______________ adj.感到担心的→______________ adj.令人担忧的 ☆be worried ______________ sth. =worry _______________ sth. 担心某事 Eg. Don’t worry about me.=Don’t be worried about me. 别担心我。 【名师解析4】so...that... 如此....以至于.....，中间接形容词或副词原形，用来引导结果状语从句。 【辨析】 【拓展】如果名词被many, much, few, little等词修饰，则名词前不用such而用so。 so that表示“以便”， 用来引导目的状语从句。相当于in order that, 从句中常用can, could, may, might等情态动词. 【名师解析5】a little 一点，修饰___________词/________词/____________名词 【牛刀小试】 1. The box is ________ heavy that I can’t carry it. 2. There is a __________(少的) milk left, so we need ____________(buy) some. 3. The table ____________(manner) are so _____________(confuse) that they are ____________(worry) about messing up(搞砸) them. 4. Don’t worry __________ me. I’m old enough to look after ___________(I) well. 5. The movie was so sad ___________ many people cried and needed _______ little time to recover. 6. It is such a _____________(confuse) question that everyone feels ____________(confuse). 考点10：Bring a small gift, but don’t bring food unless the host asks you to. 带一个小礼物，但不要带食物，除非主人让你带。 【名师解析1】bring v.带来→过去式/过去分词：_____________→(反)v.带走__________ 【常见搭配】①bring sb. sth.=bring sth. _________ sb. 把某物带给某人 ②bring sb. ______ sp. 把某人带去某地 Eg. Please bring your homework to school tomorrow. 请明天带作业到学校来。 【名师解析2】unless conj.除非，如果不，相当于if...not...，引导条件状语从句，从句遵循“主将从现”原则。 【名师解析3】ask v.问，要求，请求→①ask sb. ________ sth. 向某人要某物 ②ask sb. (not) ___________ sth. 要求某人(不要)做某事 ③ask sb. ____________ sth. 询问某人关于某事 【对点导练】 1. Don’t forget to ___________(带走) your umbrella when you go out. 2. Please ___________(带来) the book to me tomorrow. 3. Don’t open the door ____________(除非) the bell rings. 4. My mothers asks me ____________(bring) the gift ________ my grandmother. 5. If you don’t know the answer to the question, you can ask your teacher _________ help. 6. You won’t pass the exam ____________(除非) you study hard. 考点11：And remember to wait for the host to start before you eat. 记得等主人开始吃东西后再吃。 【名师解析1】remember v.记得，记住→(反)v.忘记：forget remember ____________ sth. 记得去做某事(动作还未发生) remember ____________ sth. 记得做过某事(动作已经发生) 【拓展】forget的用法： forget _____________ sth. 忘记去做某事(动作还未发生) forget _____________ sth. 忘记做过某事(动作已经发生) 【名师解析2】wait v./n.等待，等候→①wait ________ sb. /sth. ______________ sth. 等待某人做某事 ②wait ___________ sth. 等待做某事 ③can’t wait ____________ sth. 迫不及待做某事 【典型练习】 1. I remember ____________(lock) the door, but it’s open now. 2. Remember ___________(wait) for the host _____________(speak) first. 3. We didn’t feel happy, because we waited _________ the bus for over an hour. 4. This long ____________(等待) makes all of us angry and we can’t wait ____________(leave). 考点12：Enjoy yourself! 玩得开心！ 【名师解析】enjoy v.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的 ☆enjoy ______________ 玩得开心，玩得愉快=have _______ good time=have ________ enjoy ______________ sth. 享受做某事 【典型练习】1. She enjoyed ____________(she) at the birthday. 2. All of us enjoy ____________(we) on the trip. 3. These students enjoy ___________(read) in the library. 4. They enjoy ___________(lie) on the soft beach. 考点13: Could you give me some advice on table manners? 你能给我一些关于餐桌礼仪的建议吗? 【名师解析】_____________ n.建议→advise v.建议 词性及意义 常见搭配 advice为不可数名词，意为“劝告；建议” ①a _____________ of advice一条建议 ②ask sb. _________ advice向某人征求建议 ③give sb. advice （________/__________ sth.） （就某事）给某人建议 ④_________/___________ one’s advice采纳某人的建议 advise为动词，意为“劝告；建议” ①advise __________ sth. 建议做某事 ②advise sb. (not) _______________ sth. 建议某人（不要）做某事 ③advise that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人（应该）做某事 【辨析】advice与suggestion advice为不可数名词，不能直接和数词连用；suggestion为可数名词。如：four pieces of advice＝four suggestions 四条建议 【练一练】 1. Could you give me some _____________(建议) on learning English? 2. The doctor advised him not ____________(eat) too much junk food. 3. Here __________(be) some good advice. 4. There are some useful ______________(建议). 5. Could you give some advice ___________ how to learn English well. 考点14: —I was surprised by your bow. We usually just say "Hello" or shake hands in the US. —你的鞠躬让我很惊讶。在美国，我们通常只说“你好”或者握手。 —That's surprising! In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher. —真令人惊讶！在日本，我们一见到老师就鞠躬。 【名师解析1】surprise v./n.吃惊，惊讶，惊喜→_______________ adj.感到惊讶的→____________ adj.令人惊讶的 ☆名词用法：①_______ one’s surprise 让某人惊讶的是... ②_______ surprise 惊讶地 ③give sb. a surprise 给某人一个惊喜 ④get a surprise 吃惊 △形容词用法：be surprised __________ sth. 对做某事感到吃惊 be surprised ________/________ sth./sb. 对某事/某人感到很意外。 【名师解析2】as soon as 意为“一...就...”，引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则(主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时)。 Eg. I’ll call you as soon as I arrive at the airport.我一到机场就给你打电话。 【练一练】 1. We are all ______________(surprise) at the ______________(surprise) news. 2. ________ my surprise, he passed the difficult exam. 3. The story is so ____________(surprise) that I can’t believe it. 4. I will send you a message as soon _________ I get to the hotel. 5. The child looked at the old man ________ surprise. 6. We feel surprised ____________(hear) the news so that we all keep silent. 7. To ___________(they) surprise, he succeeded in overcoming the difficulty at last. 8. _____________(surprising), the movie turned to be really good. 考点15: You should be patient and not expect people to be on time. 你应该有耐心，不要期望别人准时。 【名师解析1】patient adj.有耐心的 n.病人→_____________ adv.耐心地→____________ n.耐心 ☆be patient _________ sb. 对某人有耐心 be patient to do sth. 做某事有耐心 【名师解析2】expect v.期待，盼望→expect (sb.) _____________ sth. 期待(某人)做某事 【辨析】on time&in time on time 准时(不早不晚，刚好在约定时间) in time 及时(赶在截止时间之前完成) 【拓展】与time有关的短语或句型： ①_____ ________ same time 与此同时 ②all the time ____________ ③from time ______ time 有时，偶尔，间或 ④at times 有时 ⑤have ______ good time 玩的开心，玩得愉快 ⑥over time 久而久之 ⑦It’s time (for sb.) _____________ sth. 是时候(让某人)做某事 ⑧________ takes sb.+时间+_____________ sth. 花了某人多少时间做某事 【对点导练】 1. The nurse talked to the sick kids _____________(耐心地). 2. Teachers should have _____________(patient) with every student. 3. Be ___________(耐心), it takes time ____________(finish) it. 4. I didn’t expect ____________(see) you here. 5. Please hand in your homework _________ time(准时). 6. At _______ same time, he makes a big mistake. 考点16: Sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is very rude. You should avoid it. 把筷子插在饭碗里是很不礼貌的。你应该避免它。 【名师解析1】句子结构：动名词做主语sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is very rude. 规则：动词不能直接作主语，需要变成动名词(doing)形式，此时谓语动词用___________。 Eg. Reading too many books _______(be) good for us. 【名师解析2】stick v.粘贴，刺入，坚持 n.棍棒→过去式/过去分词：____________ ①stick A __________ B 把A插入B ②stick ______ (___________) sth. 坚持做某事 【名师解析3】avoid v.避免，避开→avoid ____________ sth. 避免做某事 Eg. You should avoid making the same mistake again. 你应该避免再犯同样的错误。 【对点导练】 1. ___________(talk) loudly in the library is impolite. 2. You should avoid ___________(make) noise wile eating. 3. Once you make up your mind, you should stick ________ it. 4. It’s rude to stick your chopsticks __________ the rice bowl. 5. Eating with your mouth full ___________(be) very rude in some countries. 考点17: But once I was used to it, I became more curious and interested in learning about the culture there.但一旦我习惯了，我就对那里的文化变得更加好奇和感兴趣。 【名师解析1】be/get used to 习惯于.... ，to 在此处为______词，其后常接名词、代词或动词________形式作宾语。 【辨析】used to do sth.，be used to (doing) sth.&be used to do sth. 辨析 意义及用法 used to do sth. 意为“过去经常做某事(现在不做了)”，to 为不定式符号，后接动词原形，只用于过去时态。 be used to (doing) sth. 意为“习惯于(做)某事”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”，是被动语态，不定式表示目的。 【名师解析2】curious adj.好奇的→_______________ adv.好奇地→______________ n.好奇心 ☆形容词用法：①be curious ____________ sth. 对某事感到好奇 ②be curious ______________ sth. 对做某事感到好奇 △名词用法：out of ______________ 出于好奇 【名师解析3】interest v./n.兴趣→______________ adj.有趣的→_______________ adj.感兴趣的 ☆名词用法：show/have an interest ________ sth. 对...有兴趣 places of interest ________________ △形容词用法：be/become ______________ ________ (doing) sth. 对做某事感兴趣 【名师解析4】learn v.学习，学会→①learn __________ sth. 了解某事 ②learn __________ sth. 学会做某事 ③learn ___________ sb. 向某人学习 【对点导练】 1. I am used to __________ (drink) a cup of milk before ___________(go) to bed every night. 2. My father is used to __________ (walk) for an hour after dinner. 3. She used to __________ (live) in the countryside, but now she ___________(live) in the city. 4. The children are used to __________ (get) up early on school days. 5. He used to __________ (play) basketball every weekend, but now he has no time. 6. The knife is used ____________(cut) vegetables. 7. Children are ____________(好奇的) about exploring new things around them and interested in doing it to meet their ______________(好奇). 8. He became interested __________ painting after ___________(take) an art class. 9. The little girl learned ___________(play) the piano at the age of four and she has a great interest _______ it. 10. Some students learned a lot _____________ this experience and decided ___________(study) harder. 考点18: It's so great to hear from you.收到你的来信真是太棒了。 【名师解析】hear动词，意为＂听见，听到＂→____________ n.听力，听觉 →过去式/过去分词：___________ 【常用结构】（1）hear sb do sth意为＂听见某人做某事＂。 （2）hear sb ____________ sth意为＂听见某人正在做某事＂。 （3）hear _______/__________ sb / sth意为＂听说某人或某事＂。 （4）hear ____________ 意为＂收到某人的来信＂。 （5）hear+that从句意为＂听说……＂。 【对点导练】 一、用括号中单词的正确形式填空。 1. I heard her ___________(play) the piano when I walked past her room. 2. Just now, we ____________(hear) such a surprising news. 2、 用合适的hear短语填空。 1. It’s so great to ______________ you! I’ve been waiting ________ your letter. 2. I have never _____________ such a strange story before. 考点19: When I attended my friend's party, I didn't bring anything. 我去参加朋友的聚会时，什么也没带。 【名师解析】attend v.出席，参加 【辨析】join, join in, attend&take part in 辨析 意义及用法 join ①指加入某党派、组织、社会团体等，并成为其中一员，相当于become a member of。②join sb.指“加入某人的行列”。 join in 多指参加小规模的活动，如比赛、游戏等，常用于日常口语。 attend 意为“出席”，多为正式用语，可指参加婚礼、典礼、葬礼或上课等，但不一定起到积极的作用。 take part in 指参加某一活动并在其中发挥一定的作用。take an active part in积极参加 【对点导练】用join/join in/attend/take part in填空。 ① My brother ___________ the Party last year. ② All the students will ___________ the school sports meeting next month. ③ I ___________ my friend’s birthday party last night. ④ Can I ___________ your game? ⑤ She often ___________ the English corner to practice her spoken English. 考点20: It's important to bring a gift when you visit someone. 拜访别人的时候，带上一份礼物是很重要的。 【名师解析】结构：It is + 形容词 + (for sb.) to do sth.（对某人来说）做某事是……的”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to do。 Eg. It's polite to bring a gift when you visit someone. 拜访别人时带礼物是有礼貌的。 【拓展1】it作形式主语的用法 (1)当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某句中作主语时，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而真正的主语放在句尾。 (2)it作形式主语的三种常见句型结构： ①It’s + adj. + to do... ②It’s + adj. + for sb + to do... ③It’s + adj. + of sb + to do... (3)It’s + adj. + for sb +to do...与It’s+ adj. +of sb +to do...的用法辨析 It’s + adj. + for sb + to do... 句中的形容词常表示客观情况，如：hard，easy，important等 It’s + adj. + of sb + to do... 句中的形容词常表示人的性格、品质与特点等，如kind，nice，clever等 【拓展2】与it有关的常用句型： 1. It is +adj.+(for sb.)+______________ sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎样的。 2. It takes sb.+时间+______________ sth. 花了某人多少时间做某事 3. 主语+find/think/make...+_________+adj./n.+to do sth. ......发现/认为/使做某事是怎样的 4. It’s time (for sb.) ______________ sth. 是时候做某事 5. It’s one’s turn ______________ sth. 轮到某人做某事 6. It’s a good way/idea ______________ sth. 做某事是个好方法/好主意。 【对点导练】 1. __________ is important fr us to learn English well. 2. It usually takes me ten minutes ____________(go) to school. 3. It’s _____________(polite) to ask someone’s age. 4. It’s my turn ____________(clean) up the classroom. 5. Tom finds ___________ hard to solve the math problem. 6. It’s important ______________(exercise) every day. 7. It’s easy __________ me to get along well with other classmates. 8. It’s time ____________(get) up, or we will be late. 考点21: They don't like it when others ask them about their age, their family, whether they are married, or how much money they make.他们不喜欢别人问他们的年龄、家庭、是否结婚，或者赚多少钱。 【名师解析1】whether conj.是否，引导宾语从句。 【常用搭配】①whether...________... 是......还是......(表选择) Eg. I don’t know whether to go or stay. 我不知道是走还是留。 ②whether...______________ 是否(强调不确定性) Eg. I don’t care whether you like it or not. 我不在乎你喜不喜欢。 【名师解析2】marry v.意为“结婚；嫁；娶”→_____________ adj.已婚的→_____________ n.婚姻 固定搭配 用法 marry sb. 嫁给某人/与某人结婚 marry sb. to sb. 把某人嫁给某人/为某人娶某人 get married to sb. “与某人结婚”，get married强调动作，不能与时间段连用；而be married强调状态，可以与时间段连用 be married to sb. 【对点导练】 1. I don’t know _____________(是否) he will come to the party or not. 2. Whether he is rich __________ poor, she will get married _________ him. 3. Whether you like it _________ not, you have to finish the task. 4. She got ____________(marry) to a doctor last year. 5. Her father wants to marry her ________ a businessman. 考点22: Last but not least, make sure you use French whenever you can. 最后但同样重要的是，确保你尽可能使用法语。 【名师解析1】make sure 短语动词，意为“确保；查明”，后可接 of sth. 或 that 从句。 Eg. Make sure you lock the door when you go out. 出门时务必锁好门。 【拓展】与sure有关的短语搭配： ①be sure ________/____________ sth. 确定某事 ②be sure _____________ sth. 一定做某事 ③be sure that从句 肯定..... 【名师解析2】 ( whenever =not matter when “ 无论何时；任何时候 ” ) 【拓展】类似的由“特殊疑问词+-ever”构成的合成词还有： ( 无论谁 no matter ______ =____________ 无论什么 no matter ________ = _______________ 无论哪里 no matter ________ = ___________ 不管怎样 no matter ________ = ______________ ) 【对点导练】 1. Please ___________ _____________(确保) all the lights are turned off before you leave. 2. You are sure ____________(win) as long as you work hard. 3. He is sure ___________ the time of the meeting. 4. You can ask for help _______________(无论何时) you need it. 5. _____________(无论什么) you do, you should do it carefully. 6. Whoever you are, you must follow the rules.→(同义句转换)________ __________ _________ you are, you must follow the rules. 7. She will ____________(肯定地) become a great writer one day. 考点23: It is impolite to point at people in many countries. 在许多国家，用手指指着别人是不礼貌的。 【名师解析】point at的意思是＂指向＂，相当于point to，二者一般可互换。point at 指向较近之物。point to指向较远之物，point 后可直接跟名词/代词作宾语，point...at...表示＂将……指向……＂。 ☞ The teacher pointed to one of the pictures. 老师指着其中的一幅图片。 ☞ She was pointing her finger at me. 她用手指指着我。 【拓展】point out 指出... 【对点导练】 1. It’s rude to point ________ others with chopsticks in China. 2. The guide pointed _________ the beautiful building and told us its history. 3. Could you please point __________ my mistakes in the composition? 4. The teacher asked us not _____________(point) at each other in class. 5. The teacher ____________(指着) at the blackboard and reminded us _____________(listen) carefully. 考点24: person receiving the email收到电子邮件的人 【辨析】accept/receive 辨析 意义及用法 图解助记 accept 意为“接受”，指主观上愿意接受，如idea, praise等。 receive 意为“收到；接收，接待”，指客观上收到，如gift, letter等，但主观上不一定接受。常与介词from连用。 【对点导练】 1. I _____________(收到) a gift from him yesterday, but I didn’t _____________(接受) it. 2. She ____________(收到) an email from her teacher this morning. 3. It’s hard for her _____________(accept) the fact that she failed the exam. 4. The tourist attraction _____________(接待) thousands of tourists every year. 5. She invited me ____________(join) the music club, and I happily _____________(接受) her invitation. 考点25: Mr. and Mrs. Zhao are both in their forties, and they have a son who is younger than me. 赵先生和赵太太都是四十多岁，他们有一个比我小的儿子。 【名师解析】in one’s + 基数词___________ “在某人几十多岁时”，基数词复数形式（如 twenties, thirties）指代年龄段。 Eg. My father started his own business in his thirties. 我父亲在三十多岁时开始了自己的事业。 【拓展】具体岁数：______+年龄；________ the age of+年龄 在几岁时 如：at the age of 15 在15岁时 【对点导练】 1. My grandparents moved to this city in their ______________(twenty). 2. He began to learn painting _________ the age of 5. 3. Her mother started working as a teacher _________ her thirties. 4. She won her first gold medal ______ 16. 5. She became a famous singer when she was ten years old.→She became a famous singer _______ _______ _______ _______ ten. 考点26: First impressions are so important that I don't want to say or do anything wrong! 第一印象如此重要，以至于我不想说错或做错任何事！ 【名师解析】_____________ n.印象→impress v.使有印象→_______________ adj.感到印象深刻的→_______________ adj.令人印象深刻的 ①make/have/leave a(n)．．．impression _______ sb. 给某人留下一个……的印象 ②sb. be impressed ______/_________ sth. 某人对某物印象深刻 ... impress sb. with/by sth. 用某物给某人留下印象 impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人意识到某事的重要性 _________ impresses sb. most is... 最让某人印象深刻的是... 【对点导练】 1. The beautiful scenery left a deep ______________(印象) on me. 2. Her performance was so ______________(impress) that everyone cheered loudly. 3. _________ impressed me most was her kindness to others. 4. The teacher’s words made a deep impression __________ me. 考点27: I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.我期待着很快收到你的来信。 【名师解析】look forward to盼望；期待，其中to是介词，其后接动词____________形式。 【拓展1】与“看look”有关的短语搭配： △Look: 看人/物look ______; 寻找look _______; 照顾look ________=take care ____; 查阅，抬头看look ______; 浏览look ___________; 向四周看，环顾look _________; 期待look _________ ______; 看一看have ____ look ______; 小心look ________; 看起来像look ________; 轻视look _________; 检查look _________ 【拓展2】to后面接doing的短语： _________ to 导致 pay _________ to 关注 be _________ to 习惯于 _________ to 坚持 the _________ to ...的关键 the _________ to ...的答案 the _________ to ....的秘密 【对点导练】 1. I’m looking forward to ___________(visit) the Great Wall with my family. 2. She is used to ____________(drink) a glass of milk before ___________(go) to bed. 3. He is looking forward _________ hearing from his pen pal soon. 4. Pay attention to ____________(listen) carefully when the teacher speaks. 5. My grandmother is ill, so I have to look _________ her at home. ( 同步题型分析 )（热个身先~~~） 一、根据中文意思填写正确的单词。 1. It's bad ____________(礼仪) to talk with your mouth full. 2. I will go camping this weekend ____________(除非)it rains heavily. 3. Could you please tell me the____________(合适的) way to greet people in Japan? 4. We should use ____________(分菜用的) chopsticks when eating with others to stay healthy. 5. His ____________(方法) of speaking made everyone feel comfortable. 6. People in different countries have different customs, like ________(握手) hands or hugging when they meet. 7. My grandma always ___________(亲吻) me on the cheek and says "Have a good day" when I leave home. 8. When I feel sad, my best friend will give me a warm ___________(拥抱) to make me feel better. 二、根据句意填写单词的正确形式。 1. Different cultures have different rules for special ____________ (occasion). 2. For example, people in my country are always dressed ________ (nice) at a party. 3. Also it’s not polite to ask __________ (person) questions here. 4. We are strict about ____________ (arrive) time, but some countries are very relaxed about it. 5. Once I arrived early for a party in those countries, and it made my friend feel ________________. It was really an __________________ moment. (embarrass) 6. It was an ______________ (embarrass) moment when I took the wrong bus. 7. They learned about different ________ (culture) traditions in the history class today. 8. Mr Smith used to ________ (drive) to work, but now he is used to ________ (walk) to work. 9. The game “Travel in Space” sounds ____________ and we are all ________________ in it. (interest) 10. Mary looked ________ when she heard the ________ news.(surprise) 11. He felt _______________ (embarrass) when he made a mistake. 12. It's __________ (polite) to talk loudly in the library. 13. They ___________ (greet) each other with a smile yesterday. 14. Different ___________ (custom) make the world colourful. 15. The news ____________ (surprise) all of us just now. 16. Could you tell me the right way ____________ (use) a fork?   17. In China, you should remember not ____________ (eat) before the old people start.  18. Lucy is ____________ (worry) about her English test because she doesn’t prepare for it.  19. Most ____________ (important), we must keep quiet and focus on the books in the library.  20. I want to enjoy ____________ (I) by picking flowers in the garden all the afternoon.  21. He tried his best to make a good ___________ (impress) on the interviewers during the job interview. 22. The next exercise is much ____________ (difficult) than this one. 23. Stephen is looking forward to ________ (meet) his new friend David from Australia. 24. We’ll try our best ________ (cheer) for them in the game. 25. Small birds live ________ (main) on insects. 26. It’s _________ (proper) to ask about a person’s salary in many cultures. 三、方框选词 whether, custom, private, marry, blouse 1. In my friend Lily’s country, people are quite___________. 2. They don’t want others to ask them __________ they have much money. 3. They usually wear simple ________ and shorts when attending a party. 4. And people there often get ________ in white clothes, because they think white is a symbol of purity(纯洁)in their culture. 5. Every country has its ______________ and it’s important to respect them. 四、请根据汉语意思完成句子。 1.我经常收到我的印度笔友的来信。他会跟我讲他们的文化。 I often ________ ________ my Indian pen pal. He tells me about their culture. 2.起初，我不理解他们为什么用手吃饭，但是现在我知道那是他们重要的传统。 ________ ________, I didn’t understand why they eat with hands, but now I know it’s their important tradition. 3.当你游览一个新地方时，确保你先了解它的文化。 When you visit a new place, ________ ________ you know its culture first. 4.如果你想尊重他们的文化，学习简单的当地问候语帮助很大。 If you want to show respect to their culture, learning simple local greetings ________ ________ ________ ________. 5.最后但同样重要的是，切勿嘲笑不同的习俗。 ________ ________ ________ ________ , never laugh at different customs. 6.除非下雨，否则我们明天踢足球。 ________ it rains, we will play football tomorrow. 7.天气太热了，所以他一进房间就脱掉了外套。 It was too hot, so he ________ ________ his coat ________ ________ ________ he entered the room. 8. 待一个月后，你会习惯这里的炎热天气。 You’ll ________ ________ ________ the hot weather here after staying for a month. 9. 英国的餐桌礼仪如此令人困惑，以至于我有点担心。 English table manners are ______ confusing ______ I’m a little worried. 10. 记得等主人开动后再吃。 Remember to ______ ______ the host to start before you eat. 11. 刀叉的正确用法是右手拿刀，左手拿叉。 The proper way to use a knife and fork is to ______ the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left. 12. 在中国吃饭时，要坐直，不要把胳膊肘放在桌子上。 When eating in China, you should ______ ______ straight and keep your elbows off the table. 13. 请使用公筷从公用盘子里夹菜。 Please use _________ ____________ to take food from shared dishes. 14. 用餐结束后，要向主人道谢并说食物很美味。 After the meal, you should ______ the host and say that everything was delicious. 15. 印象是如此重要，以至于我不想说错或做错任何事情！ ____________ are so important that I don’t want to say or do __________ __________! 16. 在中国的餐桌礼仪中，挥舞筷子是不礼貌的，尤其是有客人在场时。 In Chinese table manners, _________ ___________ is not polite, especially when there are guests. 17. 吃饭时闭着嘴巴是好的餐桌礼仪。 Eating with your mouth closed is good ______ _________. 18. 我妈妈50多岁开始学画画，现在超喜欢。 My mum started learning to paint _____ ______ _________ and she loves it very much now. 19. 她期待着下个月见到来自澳大利亚的笔友。 She _________ ___________ ______ ___________ her pen pal from Australia next month. 五、用as soon as, so...that或unless填空，每空词数不限。(16分) 1. ____________ I got home today, my good friend Mike called me. He said he was 2. ________ busy these days 3. ________ he had no time to visit me. Because of this he felt very sorry. On the phone Mike also said he would have a party this weekend. He knew that 4. ________ he invited me, I would not go to the party. But my mother asked me to look after my sister Rita. My mother isn’t at home now. She went to work. 5. ________ she comes home from work, I’ll tell her the news. 6. ________ someone can take care of my sister, I won’t go to the party because she is 7. ____________ young 8. ________ she can’t look after herself. ( 课堂达标检测 )（你都掌握了没有呢~~~） 一、词汇运用 A.将方框中所给词语的适当形式填入短文中，每词仅用一次。 ( embarrassed confused formal rude uncommon lonelyproud ) When you travel to a foreign country, understanding local greeting manners is the key to smooth communication. In Japan, bowing is a daily custom to show respect. If you just shake hands casually, you may make the locals feel 1._____________. In India, people put their palms together and say "namaste" to greet others. Hugging strangers there is quite 2._________. At a 3. _________ business meeting, asking others' private questions directly is considered 4._________. If you are not familiar with local rules, you may feel 5._________. Always remember, when in Rome, do as the Romans do. B.阅读下面短文，根据括号内所给汉语写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)。 Cross-cultural communication helps us build bridges with people from different backgrounds. In many Asian countries, people greet each other with a 1._________(鞠躬) or a handshake. In France, close friends often exchange a kiss on the 2.___________(脸颊) when meeting, which may feel strange to first-time visitors. In 3.___________(印度的) culture, using your left hand to eat or pass food is considered 4.____________(粗鲁的) and 5._____________(不合适的). At 6._____________(正式的) dinners in China, 7.___________(筷子) are the main tableware, and you should never stick them upright in rice. In Western countries, people usually use knives and 8.__________(叉子) to eat, and it is polite to keep your 9.___________(手肘) off the table. If you are 10.____________(困惑的) about local 11.___________(习俗), just ask politely. Firstly, learn about cultural differences before traveling. Secondly, behave 12.___________(正确地) in public. Thirdly, always show respect to local 13.___________(传统). Good manners will leave a positive 14.___________(印象) on others, and help you build true friendships across cultures. After all, 15.___________(文化的) differences make our world a more colorful place. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人一个适当的词，或填人括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Good health depends on good lifestyles. So spend some time 1. ____________(read) the following suggestions. Have a bedtime. Sleep is considered to be the 2.___________(three) pillar(支柱) of health. Without doubt, 3._____________(get) enough sleep has many advantages. One of 4. ____________ (simple) things you can do to get enough sleep each night is to set 5. ____________bedtime and make sure of following it 6._____________(strict). Cut out sugar where you can. I used 7.____________(have) a sweet tooth. If you put cupcakes, ice-creams or cookies in front of me, I'd certainly eat them. But the 8.____________(much) I learned about how much sugar is bad for my health, the more I realized I had to cut out sugar of my diet. Now instead of juice and soda, I only drink water. And I'm always trying my best 9.____________(stay) away from sugar. Know when to stay off your phone. This is another thing I'm still trying to be better at. We're used to 10.__________(put) our eyes on those small screens. And we often ignore something else that's more important. It's 11. ____________ (polite) to let your friends wait while you are busy 12.____________(answer) your emails. Cook food yourself. Salad looks healthy, 13. _________it can be different when it's made with sugar in a restaurant. The same goes for any other food. So the best way to 14.___________(true) know what you're eating is to just make it 15. ____________ (you). ( C专题 —— so...that..., as soon as, unless 状语从句与形容词 ) ( 专题导入 )（课堂精粹~） ( 考点分析 ) Let’s learn: 1. Read the sentences. Pay attention to the bold(粗体的) words. I was surprised by your bow. We usually just say “hello” or shake hands in the US. That’s surprising! In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher. Don’t look so embarrassed! But it is embarrassing! English table manners are confusing. Jimmy is really an interesting people. He has endless jokes. Rule 1: The bold words are ______________. Rule 2: Words that end in -ed describe how someone _____________ Rule 3: Words that end in -ing describe the features of ________________ or _______________. 【拓展】surprised/surprising 是英语中情感类形容词的典型代表，这类词的变形都遵循“-ed 修饰人，-ing 修饰物”的规律。如： -ed（人的感受） -ing（事物的属性） excited（兴奋的） exciting（令人兴奋的） bored（无聊的） boring（令人无聊的） tired（疲惫的） tiring（令人疲惫的） interested（感兴趣的） interesting（有趣的） embarrassed（尴尬的） embarrassing（令人尴尬的） 2. Read the sentences. What do the words in red mean? Do you ever bow? No, that’s so formal that we don’t do it these days. Should I bring something? Sure. Bring a small gift, but don’t bring food unless the host asks you to. That’s surprising! In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher. In Korean culture, we don’t usually kiss people unless we love them. English table manners are so confusing that I’m a little worried. 总结：so... ... that，意为 __________________，说明事情发生的 ____________。 as soon as 意为 ____________________，说明事情发生的 _____________。 unless 意为 ____________，说明事情发生的 ______________。 语法结构 意义及用法 so … that ☆如此……以至于；引导结果状语从句 ☆so后接__________/_______原形, 强调程度, that引导的从句表示结果。其结构如下： ►so +形容词/副词+ that从句 ►so +形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数+ that从句 ►so + many/few +可数名词复数+ that从句 ►so + much/little +不可数名词+ that从句 【口诀】“多多少少（many/much/few/little）要用so” Eg.他如此强壮以至于能搬动这个箱子。 ______________________________________________________. 她是如此漂亮的一个女孩，以至于我们都喜欢她。 ______________________________________________________. unless △除非；引导条件状语从句，位置灵活，可主句前或主句后 △相当于_______________，意为“除了……之外”, 表示唯一条件。引导条件状语从句，句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，即遵循“______________ ”原则。 Eg.如果明天不下雨，我们将去游泳。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go swimming. =______________________________________________________. as soon as □一……就；引导时间状语从句，表示两个动作在时间上紧密相连，几乎同时发生。 从句位置灵活，可主句前或主句后 □as soon as引导时间状语从句，若主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，即遵循“______________”原则；若主句是一般过去时或过去将来时，从句用一般过去时。 Eg.我一吃完饭就会做作业。 ______________________________________________________. She took out her English books as soon as she sat down. 【拓展延伸1】 1.在so...that中，当that引导的结果状语从句是肯定句且从句主语与主句主语相同时，so...that可以与...enough to do 进行转换；当that引导的结果状语从句是否定句时，可与too...to...或not...enough to do进行转换。 Eg.He is so strong that he can carry the box.他如此强壮，能搬动这个箱子。 = He is strong enough to carry the box. Jimmy is so young that he can’t go to school. 吉米（年龄）太小了，不能去上学。 = Jimmy is too young to go to school. = Jimmy is not old enough to go to school. 2.such...that也可以引导结果状语从句，其结构为： ►such + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+ that从句 ►such +形容词+可数名词单数+ that从句 ►such +形容词+不可数名词+ that从句 Eg.They are such good students that the teacher likes them. 他们是很好的学生，所以老师喜欢他们。 【拓展延伸2】 1.so... that... 引导结果状语从句,表示 “如此……以至于……”的逻辑关系。它强调主句中的某种程度或状态导致了一个明确的结果。 结构： so + 形容词/ 副词 + that 结果状语从句。 The math problem is so difficult that no one can solve it. 这道数学题如此难，以至于没人能解出来。 · He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up. 他跑得如此快，以至于我追不上。 2.so that还可引导结果状语从句,意为"因此,所以"。从句谓语中通常不含情态动词。 The movie was boring so that half of the audience was asleep. 这部电影太无聊了，所以一半的观众都睡着了。 3.so that意为"为了，以便"，引导目的状语从句，一般放在主句后, 且不用逗号隔开,相当于 in order that, 从句谓语中多含有can, could, may, might等情态动词。 ( 强化练习 )（ 举一反三增能力！） 一、用so/such... that”, if, unless,as soon as 填空。 1. I believe you will succeed in the end ______ you don’t give up halfway. 2. I gave some flowers to Gina ____________she finished singing on stage. 3. It is ______ an interesting movie _______ I feel like watching it a second time. 4. You can't enter the building ______ you have a pass. 5. The speech is ______ boring ________ I want to leave. 6. I will call you ___________ I arrive in Beijing. 7. Nobody can hear you ________ you speak in a louder voice. 二、单项选择 1.The cultural difference was ______ big ______ I needed a local guide. A. so, that B. such, that C. too, to D. enough, to 2.Don't use your left hand to eat in India ______ you're left-handed. A. if B. unless C. as soon as D. so that 3.The traditional ceremony was ______. Everyone was ______ by its beauty. A. amazed, amazing B. amazing, amazed C. amazing, amazing D. amazed, amazed 4.______ you receive a business card in Japan, read it carefully. A. Unless B. So that C. As soon as D. Because 5.I was ______ when I realized I had used the wrong greeting. A. embarrassed B. embarrassing C. embarrass D. embarrassment 三、情景对话 情景：Mike刚从日本回来，向朋友Lisa分享经历 Lisa: Hi Mike! How was your trip to Japan? Mike: Amazing! But sometimes (1) _____________ (confuse). The customs are (2) _____________ different _____________ I made many mistakes at first. Lisa: Really? Like what? Mike: Well, (3) _____________ I received a business card, I just put it in my pocket. That was wrong! Lisa: What should you have done? Mike: I should have read it carefully. It's (4) _____________ (embarrass) when you realize your mistake. Lisa: Don't feel bad. Learning new cultures is (5) _____________ (challenge) but (6) _____________ (interest). Mike: True. And in restaurants, don't stick chopsticks upright in your rice (7) _____________ you want to signal death. Lisa: Wow, that's (8) _____________ (surprise)! The symbolism is (9) _____________ strong_____________t you must be careful. Mike: Exactly. (10) _____________ you understand these customs, you'll enjoy Japan much more. 四、根据句意填写单词的正确形式 1. We are _________ (interest) in local customs. 2. The culture is so _________ (interest) that we want to know more. 3. He was _________ (excite) to travel abroad. 4. The trip is so _________ (excite) that nobody wants to sleep. 5. The speech is so _________ (bore) that I want to leave. 6. I am _________ (bore) with this long speech. 7. The music is so _________ (relax) that we feel calm. 8. They were _________ (relax) after the journey. 9. There are many ________ (culture) differences between these two countries. 10. It’s ____________ (embarrass) to make such a careless mistake in front of the class. 11. She isn’t used to ______ (live) in the countryside now. 12. I won’t let you go unless you _____ (tell) me the truth. 13. —Have a safe trip! —OK, Dad. I _________ (give) you a call as soon as I arrive there. 14. We Chinese may be _________ (surprise) that Americans treat their pets like their own children. Sometimes even better. 15. I became more _________ (interest) in learning about the culture there. ( T能力 —— 书面表达：文化沟通 ) 　 本单元的主题是“如何与不同文化背景的人沟通”,要求学生能够运用相关词汇,就如何遵守中国习俗提供一些建议。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①明确指出跨文化沟通中需注意的习俗;②说明关注这些方面的原因;③对比中西习俗差异,强调入乡随俗的重要性。 在中考书面表达中,与“跨文化沟通”主题相关的命题形式较为多样,例如介绍跨文化沟通中需要关注的关键方面。通常需要涵盖的主要内容包括:指出跨文化沟通中需要改进的行为;阐述改进这些行为的原因;详细说明做好跨文化沟通的具体方法。 写作实例 假如你是李华,你最近认识的英国笔友David给你发了一封电子邮件。请认真阅读下面的邮件,根据邮件的内容用英 语回复。 To:lihua@china.com From:davidsmith@britain.com　Subject: Hangzhou Dear Li Hua, I’m going to Hangzhou this summer vacation. But I know very little about Chinese customs. Are there any customs I should pay attention to when I get to China? Can you tell me something about Chinese customs? I’m looking forward to your reply. All the best, David 注意:1.词数80左右;2.文中不得使用你的真实姓名和校名;3.可适当发挥,使全文连贯。 审题指导 1.体裁:应用文 2.时态:以一般现在时为主 3.人称:以第二人称为主 4.必备词句:①I'm thrilled to hear that...我很高兴听到…… ②It’s polite to do... 做……是礼貌的 ③be associated with与……有关 ④exchange red envelopes交换红包 ⑤I can’t wait to hear about... 我迫不及待想听到…… ⑥I’m sure you’ll have an amazing time here.我相信你在这儿会玩得很开心。 谋篇布局 优秀范文 Dear David, I’m thrilled to hear that you're planning to visit Hangzhou this summer vacation! I’m sure you'll have an amazing time here. When in China, there are several customs you should know. First, it’s polite to greet people with a smile and a nod, and shaking hands is also common. When dining, remember not to stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl, as it’s associated with funerals. Instead, place them on the chopstick rest. If you’re invited to a Chinese home, it’s a good idea to bring some small gifts, like some fruits or flowers. Besides, during traditional festivals like the Spring Festival, people exchange red envelopes for good luck. I can’t wait to hear about your adventures in Hangzhou! If you have any other questions, feel free to let me know. Have a safe and enjoyable trip! Best wishes, Li Hua ( 强化练习 )（ 举一反三增能力！） 假设你是李华,你的新西兰笔友Nancy近期计划到中国游学。她发邮件向你询问中国的礼仪。请你根据以下思维导图的内容提示,给她回复一封邮件。 注意:1.可在思维导图的内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息。2.不得出现真实校名和学生的真实姓名。3.语句连贯,词数80左右。 ( 15 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $