Unit 8 A green world 阅读理解10篇（单元话题：环保）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元易错题精练（译林版）

**基本信息** 聚焦“环保”主题，通过基础与重难语篇分层训练，提升阅读理解能力，兼顾语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础语篇练习|多篇（如霍尔木兹海峡、海洋颜色变化）|以事实细节题为主，考查信息定位与理解|围绕环保基础话题，从具体现象（如海峡重要性、海洋颜色变化）切入，培养信息获取能力| |重难语篇练习|多篇（如垂直绿化、纸质产品环保性）|含推理判断、词义猜测、主旨题，考查深层理解|深入环保复杂议题（如垂直绿化利弊、纸质与塑料产品对比），构建“现象-分析-解决”逻辑链，提升思维品质|

Unit 8 A green world 阅读理解10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 环保 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 Imagine a narrow waterway that can shake the global economy. This is the Strait of Hormuz (霍尔木兹海峡)! It lies between Iran and Oman. At its narrowest point, it is only 33 kilometers wide. But it is the only door from the Persian Gulf to the Indian Ocean. For thousands of years, traders and travelers have sailed through it, connecting different cultures and trade across continents (大陆). This small strait is the world’s most vital energy lifeline . More than 20% of all oil shipped by sea passes through it, along with huge amounts of liquefied (液化) natural gas . Most of these resources go to countries like China, India, and Japan, powering their cities, factories, and homes. If this “throat” were blocked, energy prices would skyrocket (飞涨), and the whole world would feel the shortage. Today, the Strait of Hormuz is still a key guard of global energy security. Its special position makes it a natural “chokepoint” (咽喉要道)—no other waterway can take its place. As long as the world needs oil and gas, this narrow waterway will remain the most important “energy throat” on Earth. 1．Where is the Strait of Hormuz? A．Between Iran and India. B．Between Iran and Oman. C．Between China and Japan. D．Between the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. 2．What would happen if the Strait of Hormuz were blocked? A．Energy prices would go down. B．Energy prices would rise very fast. C．More oil would be shipped by sea. D．Countries would stop using oil. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Strait of Hormuz is the only waterway connecting the Persian Gulf to the Indian Ocean. B．Less than 20% of the world’s sea-shipped oil goes through the strait. C．The strait is mainly used by tourists and travelers today. D．There are many other waterways that can replace (代替) the Strait of Hormuz. New research studying 20 years of ocean information has found that our oceans have changed colour. This also means a great change in the ecosystems of the oceans that is likely caused by human activities. For tens of years, satellites (卫星) have been watching the colour of Earth’s oceans and collecting information on the colour of light reflecting (反射) off the water. Especially one of the satellites, the Aqua satellite has recently completed 20 years of collecting high-quality global ocean-colour information. A new study has examined this information and found changes in ocean colour over the past 20 years that cannot be explained by natural, year-to-year variability (可变性) alone. “I’ve been running models to study the ocean colour. The models have been telling me for years that these changes in ocean colour are going to happen,” said Stephanie Dutkiewicz, one of the study’s writers. “To actually see it happening for real is not surprising. But I am scared that these changes are probably caused by human activities.” The ocean’s colour shows the life that lives in the water. Deep blue water usually has very little life. However, greener water means the presence of ecosystems, mainly plankton (浮游生物). Without plankton, many oceanic food webs would break down. This will greatly impact the sea life and humans who depend on fish for food. “The colour of our oceans has changed,” said Dutkiewicz. “And we can’t say how. But we can say that changes in colour show changes in plankton communities. Plankton communities are the foundation (基础) of everything that feeds on plankton. So, we hope people take this seriously.” Next up, Dutkiewicz will try to better understand the colour changes in different ocean areas, as well as looking into what might be causing them. 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The purpose of the study. B．The writers of the study. C．The ways of the study. D．The good parts of the study. 2．What does the underlined word “impact” probably mean? A．Make sth grow. B．Have an effect on. C．Make sth polluted. D．Put sth in balance. 3．According to Paragraph 5, what is Dutkiewicz trying to do? A．To call on people to care about oceans. B．To point out the importance of oceanic food webs. C．To tell that plankton is the foundation of everything. D．To explain how the colour of our oceans has changed. 4．What may Dutkiewicz continue to study? A．The ecosystems in different ocean areas. B．The results of changes in ocean colour. C．The plankton communities of different oceans. D．The reasons for changes in ocean colour. The top-selling album (唱片) , Songs of the Humpback Whale, was made public in 1970. This collection of nature recordings changed the way many people thought about whales, and it helped save thousands of whales’ lives. The album might never have been made without a sound engineer named Frank Watlington. In the 1960s, Watlington was making underwater recordings when he noticed some strange, deep sounds. He realized they were coming from whales. Watlington played the recordings for a pair of scientists named Roger and Katy Payne. When they listened, they fell in love with these beautiful voices at once. Katy Payne studied music as well as animals, and she was greatly surprised by how the whales communicated using sounds like an opera singer. She also noticed another interesting fact: the sounds had clear patterns. According to scientists, an animal sound with a repeating pattern is called a song. Some scientists even compared (比较) these singing animals to musicians. The Paynes thought that other people should also hear the beauty of the whales’ songs. So Roger made the recordings into an album. At the time when the album came out, whales were often caught, killed and traded for money. Some kinds were even in danger of dying out. Most people had never thought that whales could communicate through songs. But after hearing the album, they began to think differently. The album led people to take action to save whales. Musicians began using whale songs in their music, and whales were included in movies and television shows. In 1982, a ban (禁令) to stop deep-sea whaling was made. Before it, in the 1950s and 1960s, more than fifty thousand whales per year were killed. After it, the number went down below two thousand. It might seem impossible that just one album could help save the lives of so many whales. But this album told people secrets about whales that had long been hidden under the sea. It allowed whales to finally share their songs with the human world. 1．Who first found the special voices of the whales? A．A song recorder. B．An opera singer. C．A sound engineer. D．An animal scientist. 2．What fact about the whales surprised Katy Payne? A．They could talk with scientists. B．They could sing like an opera singer. C．They could repeat interesting sounds. D．They could communicate through songs. 3．Which is one of the values of the album? A．It successfully stopped deep-sea whaling. B．It helped people understand whales better. C．It made some music and movie stars popular, D．It encouraged musicians to work with scientists. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To call on people to save whales. B．To tell how a good album was made. C．To show that whales are born singers. D．To introduce an album and its stories. A report shows that each year we produce about 150 million tons of city waste in China. Where does the waste go? People usually burn or bury (埋) it. We also receive waste from some developed countries. We get useful materials from it. What about the useless part? Still burned or buried. But is it a proper way? Waste pollutes the environment, harms people’s health and causes animals to die. It also gets in the way of green and sustainable development. We can’t make money at the cost of the environment. We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations (代，辈). China is getting really serious about waste now. We are taking less waste from developed countries. From January 2018, China started to stop 24 kinds of waste coming into our country. And more laws and rules about dealing with waste have been made. Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. China also tries to put waste into good use. One example is the waste electricity (电) factories. They burn waste to make electricity in a green way. No harmful gases or water will get into the environment. The Chinese government is encouraging people to separate waste into different groups. Cities like Shanghai, Chongqing and Beijing have their own sorting (分类) systems. More will join them soon. More and more people are developing the habit of separating their waste. 1．The writer starts the passage by ________. A．telling stories B．making comparisons (比较) C．raising questions D．giving suggestions 2．The underlined word “sustainable” in Paragraph 2 means “________” in Chinese. A．可享受的 B．可持续的 C．可借鉴的 D．可复活的 3．From the last three paragraphs, we can learn that ________. A．China has stopped 24 kinds of waste entering our country for years B．all the people are forming the habit of separating waste in China C．no harmful gases or water will be able to get into the environment D．China is paying more and more attention to the waste at present 4．The structure of the passage may be ________. A． B． C． D． Picking mushrooms is becoming more and more popular. Last summer, many visitors came every day to pick wild mushrooms at Cangshan Mountain in Dali. This damaged (破坏) the beautiful forests and the local environment. Reporters find that many forest areas now show clear signs of damage from all the people walking through them. Some guides who lead mushroom tours don’t actually have proper training. They sometimes can’t give right information about which mushrooms are safe to pick. Many visitors simply dig up mushrooms, take pictures with them, and then throw them away. On one day, more than 500 people come into the mountain through just one entrance. There are many paths (小路) where people search for mushrooms across the whole mountain. This searching and digging is harmful to the natural home where mushrooms grow. Environmental experts explain that mushrooms play an important role in nature. They help break down (分解) dead leaves and branches, which helps plants grow. They also provide food for insects and small animals. When too many people pick too many mushrooms, it can damage the whole ecosystem. It might take many years for the mushroom population to return to normal. Local officials have realized the problem and they are now taking action. They start to reduce the number of visitors and send more police to protect the area. 1．Who caused the environmental problem at Cangshan Mountain? A．Tourists. B．Reporters. C．Local officials. D．Researchers. 2．According to Paragraph 4, what are the benefits of the mushrooms? ①They are good for people’s heart and brain. ②They break down dead leaves and branches. ③They protect the mountain from heavy rains. ④They provide food for insects and small animals. A．①② B．③④ C．①④ D．②④ 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Most guides have proper training to pick safe mushrooms. B．Most tourists take the mushrooms back home with them. C．People search for mushrooms along one special path. D．Local officials start to reduce the number of tourists. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To encourage more people to pick mushrooms. B．To tell people about the dangers of eating wild mushrooms. C．To describe the beautiful scenery of Cangshan Mountain. D．To report on an environmental problem and the measures against it. Want to sleep under the sea? Planet Ocean has plans for an exciting underwater hotel, and it hopes to build them over the world. The sun will shine down and provide light, because the hotel won’t be very deep under the water. The hotel won’t be large, with only 12 guest rooms and a restaurant. As you might expect, Planet Ocean wants to encourage people to eat less fish, so guests won’t find any on the menu. What’s more surprising is that the environment will be very quiet, so guests will have to imagine the sound of the ocean around them. They will almost get the feeling that they are swimming in the ocean. The hotel’s design (设计), with clear glass walls, means guests will be able to see the sea and all the sea animals that live around, above and below them in their rooms. So guests will get great close-up views of the fish and other sea animals. The hotel won’t be cheap to build and it won’t be cheap to stay in. But the designers are especially satisfied with the fact that it will be environmentally friendly. It will use electricity (电), of course, but it will produce (产生) its own, and won’t hurt ocean life at all. Planet Ocean’s future designs include a moving hotel. It perhaps sounds like this will work in the same way as a big ship, but this is not true. In fact, instead of moving between countries, it will stay inside the area of a single country’s waters. 1．What do we learn about the hotel? A．Its light will shine into the sea so guests can see the fish. B．It will be deep in the sea so guests can see sea animals. C．It will only have a small number of rooms for the guests. D．It will only serve guests who are quiet and friendly. 2．What might guests be surprised at when they are in the hotel? A．Swimming from the hotel into the ocean. B．Having ocean life in their rooms. C．Enjoying a big meal of fresh fish. D．Being unable to hear the ocean. 3．What is the best thing about the hotel according to the designers? A．It won’t cost much to build. B．Sea animals won’t come close to it. C．It won’t use any electricity. D．It won’t do harm to the ocean life. 4．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The moving hotel B．The ocean life C．The designer D．The environment The sun hung low, brushing gold over the empty area. The air buzzed (喧闹)—not with insects, but with voices, cameras, and the weight of something about to begin. Roy’s heart beat like a drum. He looked out at the people gathering for the pancake house ground-breaking ceremony (仪式). Behind him stood the company men and the reporters. And under his feet—hidden underground—were the tiny burrows (洞穴) of the owls (猫头鹰). No sign marked them. No fence protected them. They asked nothing, made no sound, yet now heavy machines waited, ready to destroy their living area. He thought of Mullet Fingers, the wild boy who cared about animals more than himself. He thought of brave Beatrice who helped even when it was hard. Roy had tried to stay out of trouble. He liked quiet. But now, staying quiet didn’t feel right. He stepped up to the microphone (话筒). “Excuse me,” he said, voice shaking. “Before you dig… you should know the truth.” The crowd grew quiet. “There are owls living here,” Roy said. “They’re small. They’re scared. And if you build here, you’ll destroy their homes.” Someone in the crowd laughed. A reporter asked, “How do you know that?” “Because I saw them. I stood right there and watched them. They live here. They belong here. And they matter.” The manager stepped forward, “This is not your business, kid.” Roy turned to face him. His fear turned into something else — strength. “It’s my business. It’s everyone’s business. We can’t just destroy what we don’t see. Progress (进步) should not come at the cost of wonder.” he said. His hands stopped shaking. People in the crowd began whispering. One mother held her child’s hand. A teacher nodded. Even the manager looked uncertain. Roy didn’t know what would happen next. But he did what he could. He spoke the truth. Roy used to be scared. But doing the right thing made him stronger. Sometimes, doing what you can is enough to shift (改变) the wind. 1．Who did Roy think of before stepping up to the microphone? A．His teacher. B．The newspaper reporters. C．The manager. D．Mullet Fingers and Beatrice. 2．Why was Roy speaking to the crowd at the ceremony? A．To raise money for wildlife. B．To advertise the pancake house. C．To protect the owls’ living area. D．To welcome people from other towns. 3．What does the underlined (划线的) sentence in the passage mean? A．Extra cost should be paid to protect nature. B．There’s nothing more important than progress. C．People should cut the cost of creating wonders. D．People shouldn’t destroy nature for development. 4．What can we learn from Roy’s story in the passage? A．Silence (沉默) sometimes speaks louder than actions. B．Standing up for nature takes courage (勇气) but it’s worth it. C．Finding out the truth needs patience and wisdom (智慧). D．Knowing yourself helps you make the right choice. SpoGomi, a mixture of “sport” and “gomi” (Japanese for rubbish) is a popular competition in which teams of 3-5 people try to pick up the most litter of the highest quality in a set period of time. Japan recently announced that it would host the first SpoGomi World Cup in November of 2023 with teams from all over the world searching the streets of Tokyo for litter to pick up. Each team of three players will have 60 minutes to gather the most litter from a designated (指定的) area while trying to sort it correctly into color-coded bags for each type. When the time is up, the litter will be weighed and checked for proper sorting and the team with the most litter wins. In case of a tie, the winner is decided by the quality of the litter with points awarded by type. The SpoGomi World Cup sounds like a great way to encourage people to keep public spaces clean, but in terms of competition, there is a little incredulity as to which team will win. After all, the Japanese are famous worldwide for cleaning up after themselves everywhere they go. Participants (参与者) all wear heavy-duty cleaning gloves that allow them to pick up almost any type of litter, as well as tongs to pick up a litter from a standing position. At the start of the competition, they all shout “picking up litter is a sport!” before running into their designated areas. At the end of the given time, all participants return to the starting line to have their litter weighed and checked. Winning teams usually receive a certificate or an award from the organizers, and maybe a small prize from sponsors. But SpoGomi isn’t really about rewards. Participants just enjoy the competitive nature of the sport, working as a group, spending valuable time outdoors and keeping their cities clean. 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about the SpoGomi World Cup? A．Its history. B．Its importance. C．Its competition rules. D．Its participation needs 2．What does the underlined word “incredulity” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Difference. B．Meaning. C．Certainly. D．Question. 3．How can people who take part in SpoGomi benefit (收益) from it? A．They can grow the love for wildlife. B．They can form better team spirit. C．They can learn to manage their life better. D．They can become more energetic and generous. 4．What’s the passage? A．A diary. B．A paper. C．A news report. D．A book review. 重难语篇练习 Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws (吸管) and bags. More and more businesses are changing to paper products. Using paper is considered to be better than plastic. However, it is harmful to the environment, too. Firstly, paper bags and straws are made from trees. Trees, as you know, are good for the environment. They can slow down climate change. An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more deforestation. Secondly, the production of paper things requires more energy and water. About 10 percent more energy and four times as much water are used to produce a paper bag than a plastic one. You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water. This seems to be a good idea. However, it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process (过程) than to make a new paper bag. Products made from recycled paper are also often short-lived. Furthermore, paper products are heavier than plastic ones. That means they require more fuel to transport. Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags. The increased weight also leads to a larger amount of waste once the bags are thrown away. Paper products are actually a lose-lose for both the environment and businesses. They are more expensive than plastic products. A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents, while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents. The most environment-friendly way is to avoid single-use things altogether. Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again. They are much better than either paper products or plastic products. By increasing the use of these items, you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our earth a greener place! 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Using plastic straws. B．Using plastic bags. C．Using paper products. D．Using single-use things. 2．What does the writer think of the recycled paper? A．It saves energy and water. B．It seems not to be a good idea. C．It is better than single-use paper. D．Itˈs easy to make by recycling process. 3．What is the writerˈs main purpose of writing this passage? A．To compare paper products with plastic products. B．To introduce the disadvantages of paper products. C．To explain why paper products are bad for the environment. D．To call on using products in an environment-friendly way. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A．B． C． D． Vertical Greening: A New Way to Make Cities Greener    In recent years, more and more cities around the world are facing environmental problems such as air pollution and the heat island effect (热岛效应). To solve these problems, many cities have started to try vertical greening (垂直绿化). Vertical greening means growing plants on the walls of buildings, bridges and other structures. It is a new and effective way to make cities greener and more livable.     Vertical greening has many advantages. First, it can improve air quality. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen through photosynthesis (光合作用). They can also filter (过滤) dust and harmful gases in the air, making the air cleaner. Second, it can reduce the heat island effect. Green plants can absorb heat from the sun and cool down the surrounding environment. Studies show that buildings with vertical greening are 5 to 8 degrees cooler in summer than those without. Third, vertical greening can provide habitats (栖息地) for birds and insects, helping to protect biodiversity (生物多样性). In addition, it can make cities more beautiful and enjoyable.     However, vertical greening is not easy to carry out. It requires careful planning and proper technology. For example, the walls need to be strong enough to support the weight of the plants and the soil. Special irrigation systems (灌溉系统) are also needed to water the plants regularly. Moreover, choosing the right plants is important. Some plants are more suitable for vertical growth, such as ivy (常春藤), climbing roses and ferns (蕨类植物). These plants have strong climbing abilities and can adapt to the environment on walls.     Many cities in China have already adopted vertical greening. For example, in Shanghai, many office buildings and residential buildings have green walls. The Shanghai Tower, one of the tallest buildings in the world, has a large-scale vertical greening system. In Guangzhou, some bridges are covered with green plants, which not only look beautiful but also help to reduce noise. These examples show that vertical greening is becoming more and more popular in China.     As cities continue to develop, vertical greening will play a more important role in creating a sustainable (可持续的) urban environment. It is a promising way to make our cities greener, healthier and more comfortable to live in. 1．What is vertical greening? A．Growing plants on the ground in cities. B．Growing plants on the walls of buildings and other structures. C．Making cities greener by planting more trees in parks. D．Using green materials to build buildings. 2．Which of the following is NOT an advantage of vertical greening? A．Improving air quality. B．Reducing the heat island effect. C．Increasing the weight of buildings. D．Protecting biodiversity. 3．Why is choosing the right plants important for vertical greening? A．Because some plants are more expensive. B．Because some plants have strong climbing abilities and can adapt to the wall environment. C．Because some plants can absorb more carbon dioxide. D．Because some plants are more beautiful. 4．Which city in China is mentioned as an example of adopting vertical greening? A．Beijing. B．Shanghai. C．Chengdu. D．Chongqing. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The problems of modern cities. B．The advantages of vertical greening. C．Vertical greening as a new way to make cities greener. D．The development of vertical greening in the world. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 A green world 阅读理解10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 环保 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 Imagine a narrow waterway that can shake the global economy. This is the Strait of Hormuz (霍尔木兹海峡)! It lies between Iran and Oman. At its narrowest point, it is only 33 kilometers wide. But it is the only door from the Persian Gulf to the Indian Ocean. For thousands of years, traders and travelers have sailed through it, connecting different cultures and trade across continents (大陆). This small strait is the world’s most vital energy lifeline . More than 20% of all oil shipped by sea passes through it, along with huge amounts of liquefied (液化) natural gas . Most of these resources go to countries like China, India, and Japan, powering their cities, factories, and homes. If this “throat” were blocked, energy prices would skyrocket (飞涨), and the whole world would feel the shortage. Today, the Strait of Hormuz is still a key guard of global energy security. Its special position makes it a natural “chokepoint” (咽喉要道)—no other waterway can take its place. As long as the world needs oil and gas, this narrow waterway will remain the most important “energy throat” on Earth. 1．Where is the Strait of Hormuz? A．Between Iran and India. B．Between Iran and Oman. C．Between China and Japan. D．Between the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. 2．What would happen if the Strait of Hormuz were blocked? A．Energy prices would go down. B．Energy prices would rise very fast. C．More oil would be shipped by sea. D．Countries would stop using oil. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Strait of Hormuz is the only waterway connecting the Persian Gulf to the Indian Ocean. B．Less than 20% of the world’s sea-shipped oil goes through the strait. C．The strait is mainly used by tourists and travelers today. D．There are many other waterways that can replace (代替) the Strait of Hormuz. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了霍尔木兹海峡的地理位置、重要性以及如果被堵塞可能带来的影响等内容。 【详解】141．第一段提到：“It lies between Iran and Oman.”，这直接表明霍尔木兹海峡位于伊朗和阿曼之间。 1．第二段提到：“If this ‘throat’ were blocked, energy prices would skyrocket (飞涨), and the whole world would feel the shortage.”，说明如果霍尔木兹海峡被堵塞，能源价格会飞涨，也就是会快速上升。 2．第一段提到：“But it is the only door from the Persian Gulf to the Indian Ocean.”，说明霍尔木兹海峡是连接波斯湾和印度洋的唯一水道，A选项正确。 New research studying 20 years of ocean information has found that our oceans have changed colour. This also means a great change in the ecosystems of the oceans that is likely caused by human activities. For tens of years, satellites (卫星) have been watching the colour of Earth’s oceans and collecting information on the colour of light reflecting (反射) off the water. Especially one of the satellites, the Aqua satellite has recently completed 20 years of collecting high-quality global ocean-colour information. A new study has examined this information and found changes in ocean colour over the past 20 years that cannot be explained by natural, year-to-year variability (可变性) alone. “I’ve been running models to study the ocean colour. The models have been telling me for years that these changes in ocean colour are going to happen,” said Stephanie Dutkiewicz, one of the study’s writers. “To actually see it happening for real is not surprising. But I am scared that these changes are probably caused by human activities.” The ocean’s colour shows the life that lives in the water. Deep blue water usually has very little life. However, greener water means the presence of ecosystems, mainly plankton (浮游生物). Without plankton, many oceanic food webs would break down. This will greatly impact the sea life and humans who depend on fish for food. “The colour of our oceans has changed,” said Dutkiewicz. “And we can’t say how. But we can say that changes in colour show changes in plankton communities. Plankton communities are the foundation (基础) of everything that feeds on plankton. So, we hope people take this seriously.” Next up, Dutkiewicz will try to better understand the colour changes in different ocean areas, as well as looking into what might be causing them. 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The purpose of the study. B．The writers of the study. C．The ways of the study. D．The good parts of the study. 2．What does the underlined word “impact” probably mean? A．Make sth grow. B．Have an effect on. C．Make sth polluted. D．Put sth in balance. 3．According to Paragraph 5, what is Dutkiewicz trying to do? A．To call on people to care about oceans. B．To point out the importance of oceanic food webs. C．To tell that plankton is the foundation of everything. D．To explain how the colour of our oceans has changed. 4．What may Dutkiewicz continue to study? A．The ecosystems in different ocean areas. B．The results of changes in ocean colour. C．The plankton communities of different oceans. D．The reasons for changes in ocean colour. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文介绍新研究发现海洋颜色因人类活动改变，这影响海洋生态系统，并提及后续研究计划。 1．通读第2段内容可知，该段详细描述了研究通过卫星收集海洋颜色数据的研究方法。 2．第4段第4-5句提到：“Without plankton, many…on fish for food.”，可知前文指出浮游生物消失会破坏海洋食物网，因此impact在此处表示“对……产生影响”。 3．第5段最后一句提到：“So, we hope people take this seriously.”，可知Dutkiewicz强调海洋颜色变化的严重性，希望人们重视，核心是呼吁人们关注海洋。 4．第6段明确提到她将深入研究海洋颜色变化的原因。 The top-selling album (唱片) , Songs of the Humpback Whale, was made public in 1970. This collection of nature recordings changed the way many people thought about whales, and it helped save thousands of whales’ lives. The album might never have been made without a sound engineer named Frank Watlington. In the 1960s, Watlington was making underwater recordings when he noticed some strange, deep sounds. He realized they were coming from whales. Watlington played the recordings for a pair of scientists named Roger and Katy Payne. When they listened, they fell in love with these beautiful voices at once. Katy Payne studied music as well as animals, and she was greatly surprised by how the whales communicated using sounds like an opera singer. She also noticed another interesting fact: the sounds had clear patterns. According to scientists, an animal sound with a repeating pattern is called a song. Some scientists even compared (比较) these singing animals to musicians. The Paynes thought that other people should also hear the beauty of the whales’ songs. So Roger made the recordings into an album. At the time when the album came out, whales were often caught, killed and traded for money. Some kinds were even in danger of dying out. Most people had never thought that whales could communicate through songs. But after hearing the album, they began to think differently. The album led people to take action to save whales. Musicians began using whale songs in their music, and whales were included in movies and television shows. In 1982, a ban (禁令) to stop deep-sea whaling was made. Before it, in the 1950s and 1960s, more than fifty thousand whales per year were killed. After it, the number went down below two thousand. It might seem impossible that just one album could help save the lives of so many whales. But this album told people secrets about whales that had long been hidden under the sea. It allowed whales to finally share their songs with the human world. 1．Who first found the special voices of the whales? A．A song recorder. B．An opera singer. C．A sound engineer. D．An animal scientist. 2．What fact about the whales surprised Katy Payne? A．They could talk with scientists. B．They could sing like an opera singer. C．They could repeat interesting sounds. D．They could communicate through songs. 3．Which is one of the values of the album? A．It successfully stopped deep-sea whaling. B．It helped people understand whales better. C．It made some music and movie stars popular, D．It encouraged musicians to work with scientists. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To call on people to save whales. B．To tell how a good album was made. C．To show that whales are born singers. D．To introduce an album and its stories. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了《座头鲸之歌》这张专辑的诞生背景、内容及其如何通过展现鲸鱼的歌声改变人们对鲸鱼的认知，进而推动全球对鲸鱼的保护行动。 1．第二段指出：“The album might never have been made without a sound engineer...when he noticed some strange, deep sounds. He realized they were coming from whales.”这直接说明是一位声音工程师最先发现了鲸鱼的特殊声音。 2．第三段说明：“Katy Payne studied music as well as animals, and she was greatly surprised by how the whales communicated using sounds like an opera singer... an animal sound with a repeating pattern is called a song”鲸鱼通过有固定模式的 “歌声” 来进行交流。这也是 Katy Payne 研究的重大发现，正是这个发现让她非常惊讶。 3．第一段、第四段和最后一段指出：“This collection of nature recordings changed the way many people thought about whales”“Most people had never thought that whales could communicate through ...that had long been hidden under the sea.”这些内容说明这张专辑帮助人们更好地了解鲸鱼。 4．全文围绕《座头鲸之歌》这张专辑展开，介绍了它的制作背景、内容以及它如何改变人们对鲸鱼的看法、推动鲸鱼保护，因此文章的目的是介绍这张专辑及其背后的故事。 A report shows that each year we produce about 150 million tons of city waste in China. Where does the waste go? People usually burn or bury (埋) it. We also receive waste from some developed countries. We get useful materials from it. What about the useless part? Still burned or buried. But is it a proper way? Waste pollutes the environment, harms people’s health and causes animals to die. It also gets in the way of green and sustainable development. We can’t make money at the cost of the environment. We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations (代，辈). China is getting really serious about waste now. We are taking less waste from developed countries. From January 2018, China started to stop 24 kinds of waste coming into our country. And more laws and rules about dealing with waste have been made. Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. China also tries to put waste into good use. One example is the waste electricity (电) factories. They burn waste to make electricity in a green way. No harmful gases or water will get into the environment. The Chinese government is encouraging people to separate waste into different groups. Cities like Shanghai, Chongqing and Beijing have their own sorting (分类) systems. More will join them soon. More and more people are developing the habit of separating their waste. 1．The writer starts the passage by ________. A．telling stories B．making comparisons (比较) C．raising questions D．giving suggestions 2．The underlined word “sustainable” in Paragraph 2 means “________” in Chinese. A．可享受的 B．可持续的 C．可借鉴的 D．可复活的 3．From the last three paragraphs, we can learn that ________. A．China has stopped 24 kinds of waste entering our country for years B．all the people are forming the habit of separating waste in China C．no harmful gases or water will be able to get into the environment D．China is paying more and more attention to the waste at present 4．The structure of the passage may be ________. A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国城市垃圾的产生、处理现状，包括垃圾的危害、中国对垃圾问题的重视、垃圾的再利用以及垃圾分类等措施。 1．第一段提到“A report shows that each year we produce about 150 million tons of city waste in China. Where does the waste go? People usually burn or bury (埋) it. We also receive waste from some developed countries. We get useful materials from it. What about the useless part? Still burned or buried. But is it a proper way?”，作者通过提出一系列关于垃圾去向和处理方式是否合适的问题来开启文章。 2．第二段提到“It also gets in the way of green and sustainable development. We can’t make money at the cost of the environment. We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations (代，辈).”，结合语境可知，不能以牺牲环境为代价来赚钱，要给子孙后代留下清洁的水和青山，说明这种发展不能破坏环境，要能持续下去，“sustainable”意思是“可持续的”。 3．第四段提到“From January 2018, China started to stop 24 kinds of waste coming into our country. And more laws and rules about dealing with waste have been made.”，不是停止多年，A选项错误；第六段提到“More and more people are developing the habit of separating their waste.”，不是所有人都有垃圾分类的习惯，B选项错误；第五段提到“No harmful gases or water will get into the environment.”是在说垃圾发电厂这种绿色方式下，不是所有情况都没有有害气体和水进入环境，C选项错误；第三段提到“China is getting really serious about waste now.”，结合后文中国采取的一系列措施，可知中国目前越来越重视垃圾问题，D选项正确。 4．第一段提出关于垃圾的问题；第二段阐述垃圾的危害；第三段表明中国现在对垃圾问题很重视；第四、五、六段分别从减少国外垃圾输入、垃圾再利用、垃圾分类等方面具体说明中国对垃圾问题的重视和采取的措施。所以文章结构是P1/P2/P3/P4P5P6。 Picking mushrooms is becoming more and more popular. Last summer, many visitors came every day to pick wild mushrooms at Cangshan Mountain in Dali. This damaged (破坏) the beautiful forests and the local environment. Reporters find that many forest areas now show clear signs of damage from all the people walking through them. Some guides who lead mushroom tours don’t actually have proper training. They sometimes can’t give right information about which mushrooms are safe to pick. Many visitors simply dig up mushrooms, take pictures with them, and then throw them away. On one day, more than 500 people come into the mountain through just one entrance. There are many paths (小路) where people search for mushrooms across the whole mountain. This searching and digging is harmful to the natural home where mushrooms grow. Environmental experts explain that mushrooms play an important role in nature. They help break down (分解) dead leaves and branches, which helps plants grow. They also provide food for insects and small animals. When too many people pick too many mushrooms, it can damage the whole ecosystem. It might take many years for the mushroom population to return to normal. Local officials have realized the problem and they are now taking action. They start to reduce the number of visitors and send more police to protect the area. 1．Who caused the environmental problem at Cangshan Mountain? A．Tourists. B．Reporters. C．Local officials. D．Researchers. 2．According to Paragraph 4, what are the benefits of the mushrooms? ①They are good for people’s heart and brain. ②They break down dead leaves and branches. ③They protect the mountain from heavy rains. ④They provide food for insects and small animals. A．①② B．③④ C．①④ D．②④ 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Most guides have proper training to pick safe mushrooms. B．Most tourists take the mushrooms back home with them. C．People search for mushrooms along one special path. D．Local officials start to reduce the number of tourists. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To encourage more people to pick mushrooms. B．To tell people about the dangers of eating wild mushrooms. C．To describe the beautiful scenery of Cangshan Mountain. D．To report on an environmental problem and the measures against it. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了游客在大理苍山采蘑菇对当地环境造成的破坏、蘑菇的生态作用以及当地政府采取的应对措施。 1．由第1段“Last summer, many visitors came every day to pick wild mushrooms at Cangshan Mountain in Dali. This damaged the beautiful forests and the local environment.”可知，是游客造成了苍山的环境问题。 2．由第4段“They help break down dead leaves and branches, which helps plants grow. They also provide food for insects and small animals.”可知，蘑菇的益处是分解枯叶枯枝、为昆虫和小型动物提供食物。 3．由第5段“Local officials have realized the problem and they are now taking action. They start to reduce the number of visitors and send more police to protect the area.”可知，当地官员开始减少游客数量。 4．文章介绍了采蘑菇带来的环境问题、蘑菇的生态作用以及当地的应对措施，目的是报道这一环境问题及相关解决办法。 Want to sleep under the sea? Planet Ocean has plans for an exciting underwater hotel, and it hopes to build them over the world. The sun will shine down and provide light, because the hotel won’t be very deep under the water. The hotel won’t be large, with only 12 guest rooms and a restaurant. As you might expect, Planet Ocean wants to encourage people to eat less fish, so guests won’t find any on the menu. What’s more surprising is that the environment will be very quiet, so guests will have to imagine the sound of the ocean around them. They will almost get the feeling that they are swimming in the ocean. The hotel’s design (设计), with clear glass walls, means guests will be able to see the sea and all the sea animals that live around, above and below them in their rooms. So guests will get great close-up views of the fish and other sea animals. The hotel won’t be cheap to build and it won’t be cheap to stay in. But the designers are especially satisfied with the fact that it will be environmentally friendly. It will use electricity (电), of course, but it will produce (产生) its own, and won’t hurt ocean life at all. Planet Ocean’s future designs include a moving hotel. It perhaps sounds like this will work in the same way as a big ship, but this is not true. In fact, instead of moving between countries, it will stay inside the area of a single country’s waters. 1．What do we learn about the hotel? A．Its light will shine into the sea so guests can see the fish. B．It will be deep in the sea so guests can see sea animals. C．It will only have a small number of rooms for the guests. D．It will only serve guests who are quiet and friendly. 2．What might guests be surprised at when they are in the hotel? A．Swimming from the hotel into the ocean. B．Having ocean life in their rooms. C．Enjoying a big meal of fresh fish. D．Being unable to hear the ocean. 3．What is the best thing about the hotel according to the designers? A．It won’t cost much to build. B．Sea animals won’t come close to it. C．It won’t use any electricity. D．It won’t do harm to the ocean life. 4．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The moving hotel B．The ocean life C．The designer D．The environment 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了一家计划中的水下酒店，它规模小、环保、安静，客人可通过玻璃墙观赏海洋生物，未来还将有移动酒店。 1．根据第二段“The hotel won’t be large, with only 12 guest rooms”，可知酒店房间数量少。 2．根据第二段“the environment will be very quiet, so guests will have to imagine the sound of the ocean”，客人听不到真实的海洋声音，可能会感到惊讶。 3．根据第四段“the designers are especially satisfied with the fact that it will be environmentally friendly…won’t hurt ocean life at all”，设计师最满意的是它对海洋生物无害。 4．最后一段“It perhaps sounds like this will work in the same way as a big ship”中，“this”指代前文提到的“moving hotel”的工作方式，即移动酒店本身。 The sun hung low, brushing gold over the empty area. The air buzzed (喧闹)—not with insects, but with voices, cameras, and the weight of something about to begin. Roy’s heart beat like a drum. He looked out at the people gathering for the pancake house ground-breaking ceremony (仪式). Behind him stood the company men and the reporters. And under his feet—hidden underground—were the tiny burrows (洞穴) of the owls (猫头鹰). No sign marked them. No fence protected them. They asked nothing, made no sound, yet now heavy machines waited, ready to destroy their living area. He thought of Mullet Fingers, the wild boy who cared about animals more than himself. He thought of brave Beatrice who helped even when it was hard. Roy had tried to stay out of trouble. He liked quiet. But now, staying quiet didn’t feel right. He stepped up to the microphone (话筒). “Excuse me,” he said, voice shaking. “Before you dig… you should know the truth.” The crowd grew quiet. “There are owls living here,” Roy said. “They’re small. They’re scared. And if you build here, you’ll destroy their homes.” Someone in the crowd laughed. A reporter asked, “How do you know that?” “Because I saw them. I stood right there and watched them. They live here. They belong here. And they matter.” The manager stepped forward, “This is not your business, kid.” Roy turned to face him. His fear turned into something else — strength. “It’s my business. It’s everyone’s business. We can’t just destroy what we don’t see. Progress (进步) should not come at the cost of wonder.” he said. His hands stopped shaking. People in the crowd began whispering. One mother held her child’s hand. A teacher nodded. Even the manager looked uncertain. Roy didn’t know what would happen next. But he did what he could. He spoke the truth. Roy used to be scared. But doing the right thing made him stronger. Sometimes, doing what you can is enough to shift (改变) the wind. 1．Who did Roy think of before stepping up to the microphone? A．His teacher. B．The newspaper reporters. C．The manager. D．Mullet Fingers and Beatrice. 2．Why was Roy speaking to the crowd at the ceremony? A．To raise money for wildlife. B．To advertise the pancake house. C．To protect the owls’ living area. D．To welcome people from other towns. 3．What does the underlined (划线的) sentence in the passage mean? A．Extra cost should be paid to protect nature. B．There’s nothing more important than progress. C．People should cut the cost of creating wonders. D．People shouldn’t destroy nature for development. 4．What can we learn from Roy’s story in the passage? A．Silence (沉默) sometimes speaks louder than actions. B．Standing up for nature takes courage (勇气) but it’s worth it. C．Finding out the truth needs patience and wisdom (智慧). D．Knowing yourself helps you make the right choice. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Roy在煎饼屋奠基仪式上，为了保护地下猫头鹰的洞穴，勇敢地站出来向人群说出真相，尽管面临经理的反对，他依然坚持做正确的事，最终让人们开始思考保护自然与发展的关系。 1．第四段指出：“He thought of Mullet Fingers, the wild boy who cared about animals more than himself. He thought of brave Beatrice who helped even when it was hard.”这直接说明Roy在走向麦克风前想到了Mullet Fingers和Beatrice。 2．根据Roy的发言“There are owls living here,”和“They’re small. They’re scared. And if you build here, you’ll destroy their homes.”以及后文他坚持自己的观点，说明Roy在仪式上向人群讲话是为了保护猫头鹰的居住区域。 3．根据划线句子所在段“It’s my business. It’s everyone’s business. We can’t just destroy what we don’t see. Progress (进步) should not come at the cost of wonder.”及全文可知，Roy为保护猫头鹰栖息地发声，反对以破坏自然为代价的发展。 4．综合全文及“Roy used to be scared. But doing the right thing made him stronger.”可知，Roy原本害怕，但为了保护猫头鹰的洞穴，勇敢地站出来说出真相，最终让人们开始思考，自己也变得更强大，说明为自然挺身而出需要勇气，但这是值得的。 SpoGomi, a mixture of “sport” and “gomi” (Japanese for rubbish) is a popular competition in which teams of 3-5 people try to pick up the most litter of the highest quality in a set period of time. Japan recently announced that it would host the first SpoGomi World Cup in November of 2023 with teams from all over the world searching the streets of Tokyo for litter to pick up. Each team of three players will have 60 minutes to gather the most litter from a designated (指定的) area while trying to sort it correctly into color-coded bags for each type. When the time is up, the litter will be weighed and checked for proper sorting and the team with the most litter wins. In case of a tie, the winner is decided by the quality of the litter with points awarded by type. The SpoGomi World Cup sounds like a great way to encourage people to keep public spaces clean, but in terms of competition, there is a little incredulity as to which team will win. After all, the Japanese are famous worldwide for cleaning up after themselves everywhere they go. Participants (参与者) all wear heavy-duty cleaning gloves that allow them to pick up almost any type of litter, as well as tongs to pick up a litter from a standing position. At the start of the competition, they all shout “picking up litter is a sport!” before running into their designated areas. At the end of the given time, all participants return to the starting line to have their litter weighed and checked. Winning teams usually receive a certificate or an award from the organizers, and maybe a small prize from sponsors. But SpoGomi isn’t really about rewards. Participants just enjoy the competitive nature of the sport, working as a group, spending valuable time outdoors and keeping their cities clean. 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about the SpoGomi World Cup? A．Its history. B．Its importance. C．Its competition rules. D．Its participation needs 2．What does the underlined word “incredulity” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Difference. B．Meaning. C．Certainly. D．Question. 3．How can people who take part in SpoGomi benefit (收益) from it? A．They can grow the love for wildlife. B．They can form better team spirit. C．They can learn to manage their life better. D．They can become more energetic and generous. 4．What’s the passage? A．A diary. B．A paper. C．A news report. D．A book review. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了日本举办的拾荒运动SpoGomi世界赛的规则、意义以及参与者的收获。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Each team of three players will have 60 minutes to gather the most litter…When the time is up, the litter will be weighed and checked for proper sorting and the team with the most litter wins.”可知，本段主要介绍了该世界杯赛的比赛规则。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“there is a little incredulity as to which team will win”及下文“the Japanese are famous worldwide for cleaning up after themselves”可知，作者对哪支队伍能赢表示怀疑或质疑。“incredulity”意为“怀疑、不相信”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。最后一段提到“Participants just enjoy… working as a group, spending valuable time outdoors and keeping their cities clean”，说明参加者的收获之一是团队合作精神增强。故选B。 4．推理判断题。文中介绍了一项新兴运动、赛事安排及其意义，语言客观，属于新闻报道类文体。故选C。 重难语篇练习 Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws (吸管) and bags. More and more businesses are changing to paper products. Using paper is considered to be better than plastic. However, it is harmful to the environment, too. Firstly, paper bags and straws are made from trees. Trees, as you know, are good for the environment. They can slow down climate change. An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more deforestation. Secondly, the production of paper things requires more energy and water. About 10 percent more energy and four times as much water are used to produce a paper bag than a plastic one. You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water. This seems to be a good idea. However, it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process (过程) than to make a new paper bag. Products made from recycled paper are also often short-lived. Furthermore, paper products are heavier than plastic ones. That means they require more fuel to transport. Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags. The increased weight also leads to a larger amount of waste once the bags are thrown away. Paper products are actually a lose-lose for both the environment and businesses. They are more expensive than plastic products. A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents, while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents. The most environment-friendly way is to avoid single-use things altogether. Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again. They are much better than either paper products or plastic products. By increasing the use of these items, you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our earth a greener place! 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Using plastic straws. B．Using plastic bags. C．Using paper products. D．Using single-use things. 2．What does the writer think of the recycled paper? A．It saves energy and water. B．It seems not to be a good idea. C．It is better than single-use paper. D．Itˈs easy to make by recycling process. 3．What is the writerˈs main purpose of writing this passage? A．To compare paper products with plastic products. B．To introduce the disadvantages of paper products. C．To explain why paper products are bad for the environment. D．To call on using products in an environment-friendly way. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A．B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是说明文。主要讲述了出于对保护环境的考虑，纸制品和塑料制品都不要用，尤其是纸制品，最环保的解决方案是完全避免使用一次性产品。 1．词义猜测题。根据“More and more businesses are changing to paper products. Using paper is considered to be better than plastic.”可知越来越多的企业正在转向纸制品，因为使用纸张被认为比塑料更好。所以“it”指的是使用纸制品这件事。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“However, it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process (过程) than to make a new paper bag. Products made from recycled paper are also often short-lived.”可知，回收纸的过程需要更多的能源和水，而且回收纸制成的产品往往寿命较短，所以作者认为这不是个好主意。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据“The most environment-friendly way is to avoid single-use things altogether. Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again ... make our earth a greener place!”可知，最环保的方法是完全避免一次性使用的东西，比如玻璃水瓶和钢吸管等产品可以反复使用。因此本文呼吁以环保的方式使用产品。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。第一段主要讲述了纸制品对环境有害；第二、三、四段分别从纸制品会造成森林滥伐、消耗更多的能源和水、比塑料制品更重和对环境介绍纸制品的危害；第五段强调纸制品对环境和企业来说都是两败俱伤的；最后一段介绍了最环保的解决方案是完全避免一次性物品。A符合文章结构。故选A。 Vertical Greening: A New Way to Make Cities Greener    In recent years, more and more cities around the world are facing environmental problems such as air pollution and the heat island effect (热岛效应). To solve these problems, many cities have started to try vertical greening (垂直绿化). Vertical greening means growing plants on the walls of buildings, bridges and other structures. It is a new and effective way to make cities greener and more livable.     Vertical greening has many advantages. First, it can improve air quality. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen through photosynthesis (光合作用). They can also filter (过滤) dust and harmful gases in the air, making the air cleaner. Second, it can reduce the heat island effect. Green plants can absorb heat from the sun and cool down the surrounding environment. Studies show that buildings with vertical greening are 5 to 8 degrees cooler in summer than those without. Third, vertical greening can provide habitats (栖息地) for birds and insects, helping to protect biodiversity (生物多样性). In addition, it can make cities more beautiful and enjoyable.     However, vertical greening is not easy to carry out. It requires careful planning and proper technology. For example, the walls need to be strong enough to support the weight of the plants and the soil. Special irrigation systems (灌溉系统) are also needed to water the plants regularly. Moreover, choosing the right plants is important. Some plants are more suitable for vertical growth, such as ivy (常春藤), climbing roses and ferns (蕨类植物). These plants have strong climbing abilities and can adapt to the environment on walls.     Many cities in China have already adopted vertical greening. For example, in Shanghai, many office buildings and residential buildings have green walls. The Shanghai Tower, one of the tallest buildings in the world, has a large-scale vertical greening system. In Guangzhou, some bridges are covered with green plants, which not only look beautiful but also help to reduce noise. These examples show that vertical greening is becoming more and more popular in China.     As cities continue to develop, vertical greening will play a more important role in creating a sustainable (可持续的) urban environment. It is a promising way to make our cities greener, healthier and more comfortable to live in. 1．What is vertical greening? A．Growing plants on the ground in cities. B．Growing plants on the walls of buildings and other structures. C．Making cities greener by planting more trees in parks. D．Using green materials to build buildings. 2．Which of the following is NOT an advantage of vertical greening? A．Improving air quality. B．Reducing the heat island effect. C．Increasing the weight of buildings. D．Protecting biodiversity. 3．Why is choosing the right plants important for vertical greening? A．Because some plants are more expensive. B．Because some plants have strong climbing abilities and can adapt to the wall environment. C．Because some plants can absorb more carbon dioxide. D．Because some plants are more beautiful. 4．Which city in China is mentioned as an example of adopting vertical greening? A．Beijing. B．Shanghai. C．Chengdu. D．Chongqing. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The problems of modern cities. B．The advantages of vertical greening. C．Vertical greening as a new way to make cities greener. D．The development of vertical greening in the world. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“垂直绿化”展开，先明确其定义，接着阐述其改善空气质量、缓解热岛效应、保护生物多样性等优势，同时说明实施垂直绿化所需的技术和植物选择要求，最后通过上海、广州的案例展示其在国内的应用，指出垂直绿化是让城市更绿色、更宜居的有效新方式，未来将在城市可持续发展中发挥重要作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Vertical greening means growing plants on the walls of buildings, bridges and other structures.”可知，垂直绿化的定义是在建筑墙体、桥梁等结构上种植植物。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Vertical greening has many advantages. First, it can improve air quality… Second, it can reduce the heat island effect… Third, vertical greening can provide habitats for birds and insects, helping to protect biodiversity. In addition, it can make cities more beautiful and enjoyable.”可知，本段列举了垂直绿化的优势：改善空气质量 (A)、缓解热岛效应 (B)、保护生物多样性 (D)，还提到能美化城市；选项C“增加建筑重量”并非优势，而是实施垂直绿化时需要考虑的承重问题 (第三段提到“墙壁需要足够坚固以支撑植物和土壤的重量”)，属于实施挑战而非优势。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“choosing the right plants is important. Some plants are more suitable for vertical growth, such as ivy, climbing roses and ferns. These plants have strong climbing abilities and can adapt to the environment on walls.”可知，选择合适植物的原因是部分植物攀爬能力强，能适应墙体环境。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“For example, in Shanghai, many office buildings and residential buildings have green walls… In Guangzhou, some bridges are covered with green plants, which not only look beautiful but also help to reduce noise.”可知，本段提到了上海和广州垂直绿化案例，但选项中只有上海，A (北京)、C (成都)、D (重庆) 均未在文中出现。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。文章标题“Vertical Greening: A New Way to Make Cities Greener”直接点明主旨，全文围绕“垂直绿化作为城市绿化的新方式”展开，涵盖定义、优势、实施、案例等内容。选项A (现代城市问题) 是引出话题的背景，并非主旨；选项B (垂直绿化的优势) 是文章部分内容，不全面；选项D (全球垂直绿化的发展) 文中未重点提及，仅介绍了国内案例。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $