专题04 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，河北专用）八年级英语下学期

**基本信息** 本试卷为八年级下说明文阅读理解专题汇编，精选河北多地期末真题，涵盖景点介绍、身心健康、科普知识等主题，素材兼具文化传承与时代性，有效训练学生信息提取与综合理解能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|每篇4-5题|细节理解（如太行山位置）、主旨大意（如羽毛球运动优势）、词义猜测（如“harming”）|情境贴近生活（国家公园介绍）、融合文化（中国航天命名）与科普（雨林保护），问题梯度从基础信息到推理判断|

专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 景点/建筑介绍 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北秦皇岛·期末）You must have heard of the legend (传说) of Yu Gong, who tried to move two mountains. The Taihang Mountain was one of the two mountains. The Taihang Mountain passes through the areas of Hebei, Shanxi, Henan and Beijing. It is about 400 kilometers long. It is one of the largest mountain ranges in North China, and it was called “the backbone (脊梁) of China” in ancient times. Many legends about the beginning of human civilization (文明) come from the Taihang area. For example, Nuwa used stones to repair the sky to make sure that humans would have a better future; Houyi protected everyone by shooting the suns. The Taihang Mountain is not only where the ancient stories happened, but also a place where tens of thousands of fossils (化石) were found. These fossils show how the earth has changed over time. At the same time, we can also learn about how ancient humans lived from the discoveries around the area. Nowadays, there are natural forests around the area with beautiful colors in four seasons. In spring, the trees of Taihang Mountain will grow green leaves. In summer, the trees will grow luxuriant (茂密的) and leaves will cover the sun. In autumn, the trees in Taihang Mountain are tall and leaves turn yellow. In winter, the trees are covered with snow, like a thick white coat. You can go there whenever you want because it is beautiful all year round. If you want to learn different things about history, culture and other important knowledge, you can come to the Taihang Mountain and feel its greatness. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By telling legends B．By asking questions C．By giving numbers D．By comparing facts 2．What can show that humans have lived around the Taihang area since long ago? A．Natural forests. B．The fossils. C．Many legends. D．Ancient stories. 3．What does the text tell us about the Taihang Mountain? ①Its location    ②Its natural scenery    ③Its legends    ④ Its height A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．Why does the writer write the text? A．To introduce famous legends about the Taihang Mountain. B．To tell people how to take a trip to the Taihang Mountain. C．To show the Taihang Mountain is wonderful and worth visiting. D．To encourage people to learn more knowledge about ancient history. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河北沧州·期末）Now China has five national parks. They protect nearly 30% of the important wild species (野生物种) in China. Let’s take a look at three of them. Giant Panda National Park Location (地址): Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu More than 80% of China’s wild giant pandas live there! The park builds many small houses for pandas in these three provinces. Besides pandas, leopards (金钱豹) and monkeys also live in the park. Pandas and their “neighbors” can live and play together. National Park of Hainan Tropical (热带的) Rain forest Location: Hainan As big as 4,400 square kilometers, it has a very large tropical forest. The forest covers nearly 96% of the park. More than 400 kinds of endemic (特有的) plants are growing in the park. There are 35 Hainan gibbons (长臂猿) in the park. They are the only surviving (幸存的) members of the species in the world. What’s more, Hainan’s three highest mountains are also in the park. Sanjiangyuan National Park Location: Qinghai It is the largest national park in China. It is about 14 times the area of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. People call it “the water tower of China”, because it is home to the sources (源头) of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Lancang River. It is also home to hundreds of animal species. 1．What animals can we see in Giant Panda National Park? a. pandas     b. elephants     c. leopards     d. monkeys     e. gibbons A．a, b, c B．a, c, d C．a, c, e D．a, d, e 2．How many kinds of endemic plants are growing in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest? A．About 4,269. B．About 35. C．More than 1,600. D．More than 400. 3．Which one is the largest national park in China? A．Giant Panda National Park. B．National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest. C．Sanjiangyuan National Park. D．Wuyishan National Park. 4．From the text, we can know ________ . A．the total number of giant pandas in the world B．the names of Hainan’s three highest mountains C．whether visitors need to pay for the tickets to the national parks D．how many Hainan gibbons live in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest 主题02 身心健康 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北邢台·期末）Young people can have problems with their minds. Some students become worried because they have to study very hard. Others have trouble getting on well with people like their parents and classmates. Liu Wei, a junior 2 student from Zhengzhou, could not understand his teacher and was doing badly in his lessons. He became so worried about it that he started to cut his finger with a knife. Another student, 14-year-old Yan Fang from Guangzhou, was afraid of exams. She got very worried in one exam, and when she looked at the exam paper, she couldn’t think of anything to write. A recent report from Jiefang Daily says about 18% of Shanghai teenagers have mental (心理的) problems. Liang Youzhu, an expert on teenagers from Beijing Anding Hospital has the following advice for teenagers: ●Talk to your parents or teachers often. ●Take part in group activities and play sports. ●Go to see a doctor if you feel unhappy or unwell. 1．The students who often become worried or have trouble getting on with others may have ______. A．mental problems B．a headache C．no friends D．problems with their parents 2．Liu Wei cut his finger with a knife because ______. A．he could not understand his teacher and was doing badly in lessons B．he wanted to frighten his parents C．he was so worried about his parents D．he was good at lessons 3．Yan Fang’s problems happened whenever ______. A．she studied very hard B．she had exams C．she talked with her parents D．she had lessons 4．Liang Youzhu’s advice tells us that ______. A．it’s better for the students who have mental problems to stay alone at home B．it’s unnecessary for them to be with others C．group activities and sports can help them D．talking to classmates can be helpful Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河北张家口·期末）We all know our national badminton team has won lots of gold medals in the Olympics. But do you really know about this sport? The name of the sport, badminton, came out in the 19th century. Since people started to play it, it has been a popular sport. Badminton brings people power, health and so on. Unlike many other sports, badminton needs many difficult skills to play. Players should have the ability (能力) to start, stop quickly and make sudden changes in direction. Playing badminton has been shown to be a great sport for the physical health. It can stop people from being fat and build a strong heart. The sport is good for thicker and healthier bones (骨骼), especially for children at a young age. The sport also reduces players’ risk of heart disease, because they always move strongly followed by short rest. What’s more, “Badminton players live longer than players in many other sports,” according to a study. The study says, “Soccer players help themselves live 4.7 years longer, swimmers 3.4 years, and runners 3.2 years. Surprisingly, badminton players can make it to 9.7 years longer.” The sport also helps the brain work better. Research shows that the movements while playing badminton can help improve the memory. And maybe badminton players remember things better than others. So, would you like to play badminton? 1．Why does playing badminton reduce the risk of heart disease? A．Because badminton players are all very thin. B．Because badminton players often eat a lot of healthy food. C．Because badminton players have thicker and healthier bones. D．Because badminton players always move strongly followed by short rest. 2．What can we learn from the text? A．Badminton is an easy sport to play. B．Playing badminton is only good for children. C．Badminton players may have a better memory. D．Soccer players live the longest among different sports players. 3．What is the main idea of the text? A．To introduce the history of badminton. B．To compare badminton with other sports. C．To tell people how to play badminton well. D．To show the advantages of playing badminton. 主题03 科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北廊坊·期末）In Brazil and Indonesia, the number of people living in the rainforest (雨林) is rising, so the rainforest itself is becoming smaller. During the 20th century, people cut down lots of trees in the rainforest. More and more people in Brazil and Indonesia moved into rainforest areas to find land for living. Local farmers cut down trees to grow crops (庄稼). Large companies (公司) also moved into the rainforest to develop their factories. The problem is that the area of the rainforest is becoming smaller and smaller. Scientists say that destroying (破坏) the rainforest is harming the earth and should be stopped. But why? Rainforest plants help to clean the air. What’s more, different kinds of rainforest plants can be used to produce (生产) useful medicine and may be the key to solving serious problems. Then how can people in Brazil and Indonesia solve the problem? Governments can make some rules to protect their forests. Companies can provide jobs elsewhere (在别处), so that fewer people have to live and work in the rainforest. Governments should encourage farmers to plant crops in certain areas, and this helps to stop the soil from being washed away and produce better crops. Many plants and animals that live in the rainforest can’t be found anywhere else in the world. It is important to make sure that these forests are used well and protected by people. 1．Why is the rainforest becoming smaller in Brazil and Indonesia? A．Because people plant less trees. B．Because many plants are eaten by animals. C．Because the bad weather makes the trees die. D．Because more people move there for land and companies build factories there. 2．What does the underlined word “harming” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Hurting. B．Saving. C．Cleaning. D．Controlling. 3．Which question can help readers know the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．What animals live in the rainforest? B．Why do people move into the rainforest? C．What do rainforest plants look like? D．How can people in Brazil and Indonesia protect the rainforest? 4．Which of the following will the writer probably agree with? A．People should move into the rainforest to plant more crops. B．Companies should build more factories in the rainforest. C．Companies should offer jobs outside the rainforest areas to protect the rainforest. D．The area of the rainforest is becoming larger and larger now. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Animals in the Rainforest B．The Factories in Brazil and Indonesia C．The Ways to Plant Crops in the Rainforest D．The Problem of the Rainforest and Ways to Solve It Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河北沧州·期末）Are you a lover of long, relaxing hot showers? Or do you enjoy the joy of a cold one? No matter what you like, both can be good for your health. Cold showers are popular with some people. While you’re taking a cold shower, your heart rate (心率) rises. As a result, you will feel active. It makes you feel like drinking a strong cup of coffee. However, hot showers do the opposite. They relax your body and reduce your heart rate. So, at the end of a hard day, standing under a hot shower can help you relax and fall asleep more easily. It’s not all good, however. If you’re feeling a little under the weather, taking a cold shower can be bad for your health. A sick person’s body is already working hard to fight off the illness, and a sudden drop in body temperature can stress his or her immune system (免疫系统). As for hot showers, hot water can cause your skin to dry out. This can make certain skin conditions go from bad to worse. In fact, different showers depend on your time. Cold showers are best in the morning, when you need to wake up. Hot showers are best before bed or when you’re sick with a cold. Either way, the right kind of shower can improve your experience, day or night. 1．How can a cold shower make us feel? A．Nervous. B．Active. C．Crazy. D．Sleepy. 2．Which phrase is close to the underlined word “reduce”? A．Bring down. B．Write down. C．Turn up. D．Put up. 3．When is a cold shower good for us? A．When we are sick. B．After we run more. C．When we need to wake up. D．Before we go to bed. 4．Which can be a proper title for the passage? A．When do you take a shower? B．Is it good for us to take a shower? C．Why do people need to take a shower? D．Do you like a hot shower or a cold shower? 5．Where can we find the passage? A．In a storybook. B．In a travel magazine.C．In a history book. D．In a science magazine. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·河北秦皇岛·期末）Wukong, Tiangong, Tianwen… Do you know where the names of Chinese space programs come from? Wukong, the Dark Matter Particle Explorer satellite (暗物质粒子探测卫星), is named after Chinese superhero Monkey King. According to Journey to the West, Monkey King has a pair of sharp (敏锐的) eyes which can tell the difference between good and bad. The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as Monkey King to help scientists search for dark matter in space. The name of the space station, Tiangong, means “Heavenly Palace”. In Chinese myths, this is the home of Yuhuang Dadi. Now Tiangong Space Station is a home for Chinese astronauts in space. And China welcomes foreign astronauts to Tiangong so that they can work together. Tianwen, China’s Mars missions (火星探测任务), gets its name from the poem (诗歌) Tianwen by Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan is a famous poet from ancient China. In Tianwen, he had the questions about the sky, star, nature, myths and the real world, showing his hunger (渴望) for truth. Perhaps the Tianwen missions will answer some of Qu Yuan’s questions. If you look into more names of Chinese space programs, you will find that they all have beautiful meanings. We, the Chinese people, have a long-cherished (珍藏已久的) space dream. So the naming (命名) of Chinese space programs is taken very seriously. 1．What is the Wukong satellite used for? A．Answering some of Qu Yuan’s questions. B．Finding the difference between good and bad. C．Helping scientists search for dark matter in space. D．Welcoming foreign astronauts to the space station. 2．The underlined word “myths” in Paragraph 3 means “________” in Chinese. A．诗歌 B．神话 C．谚语 D．传记 3．The name of China’s Mars missions is from ________. A．Qu Yuan’s poem Tianwen B．an ancient book C．ancient Chinese myths D．Journey to the West 4．Why do we take the naming of Chinese space programs seriously? A．Because we want to land on Mars. B．Because we want to protect the Earth. C．Because we have the hunger for truth. D．Because we have a space dream. Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·河北沧州·期末）What can you do to help yourself become happy when you are feeling a little unhappy? Some vinegar (醋) may help. Some scientists in the US did a test on this. 28 people took part in it. The scientists put them into two groups. Every day, people in the first group had four spoons of vinegar. Those in the second group only took one spoonful of vinegar. Four weeks later, the scientists tested the mental (心理的) health of everyone. The symptoms (症状) of depression (抑郁症) went down by 42% for the first group and 18% for the second. At the same time, the level (水平) of vitamin B3 went up by 86% for everyone in the first group. The scientists said that having more vitamin B3 could help with depression. However, the scientists only studied 28 people for this. In the future, they will need to test more people for the result. If you don’t want to do the test on yourself, here are some other things for you to try when you are feeling down. First, spend 45 minutes doing exercise, like running or walking. Do this three times a week. Second, keep healthy eating habits. Try to have less sugar. Eat fruit, not sweets. Third, write down your happy moments (时刻) once or twice a week. It helps you to look at the bright side of life. At last, go to see a doctor when self-help does not work. 1．Why does the writer ask the question in Paragraph 1? A．To ask readers to answer it. B．To make readers interested. C．To ask readers to talk about it. D．To get readers to remember it. 2．What did people in the first group have each day? A．Some vitamin B3. B．One spoon of vinegar. C．Four spoons of vinegar. D．Vitamin B3 with a little vinegar. 3．Which picture can show the result of the test rightly? A．B． C． D． 4．What could more vitamin B3 help according to the scientists? A．Make vinegar taste nice. B．Make vinegar work well. C．Make people feel strong. D．Make people feel happy. 5．Which of the following doesn’t the writer advise when we are unhappy? A．Doing exercise. B．Talking with friends. C．Asking doctors for help. D．Writing down happy moments. 主题01 青少年问题 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北廊坊·期末）Puberty (青春期) is a stage (阶段) of life when young people leave childhood and head into adulthood. It is a difficult time for young people because it changes both their bodies and minds. A young person may begin puberty at 8, while another may not start puberty until 14 or 15. Usually, girls start puberty before boys do. For both girls and boys, it is usually complete by the age of 18. During these years, the body develops in many ways. Feelings will also change quickly. Young boys at this stage are interested in having fun. They need to think before they act and make up their minds for themselves. A girl’s personality (个性) often does not develop in the same way as a boy’s. Young girls sometimes lose confidence in themselves. They are usually afraid to tell their parents or teachers about their problems. For this reason, young girls should be encouraged to talk about things with trusted adults. Parents, schools and communities (社区) can do a lot to care for and help young people. It is their responsibility (责任) to make sure that young people grow into healthy adults. 1．Why is puberty a difficult time for young people? A．Because it makes young people work like adults. B．Because it makes children dislike their parents. C．Because it changes both their bodies and minds. D．Because it begins at very different ages for everyone. 2．When does puberty usually end for both boys and girls? A．By the age of 14. B．When girls start before boys. C．By the age of 18. D．Between 8 and 15 years old. 3．What are young boys interested in during puberty? A．Studying very hard. B．Talking with parents. C．Having fun. D．Going shopping. 4．Why should young girls be encouraged to talk to trusted adults? A．They develop faster than boys. B．They need help with schoolwork. C．They often lose confidence. D．They are not hardworking at all. 5．Who should help young people during puberty? A．Doctors and medical workers. B．Teenagers themselves. C．Parents, schools, and communities. D．Government organizations. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河北廊坊·期末）Why can’t children look after themselves these days? The main reason is that their parents help them do everything. In their opinion, children should spend all their time on schoolwork. They just want their children to work hard so that they can get into a good university. This has caused teenagers to depend too much on their parents. So some teenagers may do well in school, but they still lack (缺乏) independence. My friend told me a story. It was about a student who got into a good university. But one month later, he dropped out of school. His parents were surprised and asked him why he had come back home. He answered, “I can’t live alone without you. I hate this feeling. My classmates and friends laugh at me. They think I am like a big boy and they say I need my mom to help me do everything.” Then, his parents realized their son wasn’t kidding. They regretted how they had raised (抚养) him. Teenagers need to be independent. Parents should love their children, but spoiling (宠溺) them is harmful to them. Some grandparents spoil their grandchildren very much. They think their grandchildren should get everything they want. But they should know it is important for children to be independent. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better off they will be in life. 1．Why did the university student drop out of school? A．He missed his parents and couldn’t live independently. B．He didn’t like his classmates. C．He failed the exams. D．He wanted to find a job. 2．Why did the writer tell a story in Paragraph 2? A．To support his opinion. B．To tell us not to drop out of school. C．To make the text more interesting. D．To express his true feelings. 3．What does the underlined word “regretted” mean in Paragraph 2? A．满意 B．后悔 C．期待 D．重复 4．Which of the following would the writer probably agree with? A．Parents shouldn’t push kids to learn. B．Parents should make kids do some housework. C．It’s necessary for kids to get a good education. D．Kids shouldn’t be taken care of by their grandparents. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Ways to be Independent B．The Results of Spoiling Kids C．The Importance of Children’s Independence D．How to Raise a Kid 主题02 环境污染 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北秦皇岛·期末）Islands are always changing shapes. Sometimes you can see the changes happening. A volcano can erupt (喷发) and shoot out red hot lava (岩浆). When the lava reaches the ocean, it cools and forms new land. The island grows. But most changes are hard to see. Storms and wind blow dirt and sand from one side of the island and pile them up on another side. Oceans wash away earth and rocks from one beach and carry them to another. The island changes shapes slowly, a little bit at a time. People on some small ocean islands are worried. They think their islands are changing shapes too fast. On some islands, the whole beaches have been washed away. Places that used to be dry have been wetter and wetter. Why are so many islands becoming smaller and smaller? Scientists say people cause pollution. They burn gas and coal for cars and factories, they cut down rainforests, and more. The pollution stores heat and makes Earth hotter. Warmer temperatures melt the ice at the North and South Poles. The melting ice flows into the ocean and raises sea levels. As a result, islands disappear. But there is hope. Scientists are looking for ways to stop sea levels rising and they are also looking for clean ways to run cars and factories. People are helping too, by recycling, planting trees, driving less, and wasting less. Together, we can stop the world’s islands from disappearing (消失). 1．What is true about the islands from the first two paragraphs? A．The ocean cools and the new islands form. B．You can always see the changes happening. C．Storms and wind wash away earth and rocks. D．They sometimes need a long time to change shapes. 2．Which is the right order for islands becoming smaller and smaller? ①Pollution causes Earth to warm     ②Sea levels rise, land disappears ③Ice at the poles melts.         ④People pollute A．④①②③ B．④②①③ C．④③①② D．④①③② 3．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) about the future? A．He feels angry. B．He feels excited. C．He feels hopeful. D．He feels worried. 4．What can be the title of the passage? A．Disappearing Islands.B．Moving Islands.C．Polluted Islands. D．Smaller Islands. 主题03 自然灾害与防范 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北沧州·期末）On Tuesday, a sudden heavy rain caused floods (洪水) in Zhengzhou. More than 160 trains stopped services at Zhengzhoudong Railway Station. A lot of people couldn’t leave the subway. The floods have killed many people, and many people are missing. Floods usually come quickly. You can prepare something at home. Some food, bottled water, and medicine are necessary. Pack some warm clothes for each person. Put them in a bag that you can easily find. When floods come, don’t worry. You may have only a short time to run away. You must keep away from water as quickly as you can and stay on high ground to wait (等) for others to save you. Whether you are on foot or have to leave your car, you should choose high ground. It’s the best way. Try not to call with your mobile phone, but text (发短信) for help to save electricity (电). If you are in danger, text people where you are and your own information. Remember to leave everything behind. Don’t stop to move valuables (贵重物品). You should always put your safety first. Crying for help makes it easier for people to find you. Wave (挥) an arm if you can. Keep trying until someone comes for you. 1．The floods in Zhengzhou ________. A．started on Friday B．were very serious C．killed many children D．made 60 trains stop services 2．What does the writer advise us to prepare before floods? A．B． C． D． 3．In Paragraph 4, the writer advises us to ________. A．stop crying loudly B．help to find other people C．do our best to live D．take good care of valuables 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．How to Stay Away from Water B．How to Text for Help C．How to Help People in Danger D．How to Stay Safe in Floods 主题04 其他 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北秦皇岛·期末）①Have you ever visited a museum? Did you make a plan before the visit? Every museum must have something that interests you. And there are many ways to enjoy yourself in a museum. The following advice may help you. ②Decide which kind of museum you will visit. There are different kinds of museums and you first need to find one that you like. It’s not hard for you to choose one and start an enjoyable visit. ③Look through the information online. Every museum now has a website (网站). You can look through the information about the museum. On the website, you can find things such as the history of the museum, activities in it and its ticket price. It’ll make your visit easier and more interesting. ④Learn new things. It is always good to learn something new from your visit. ⑤Plan breaks into your visit. When you walk around for a long time, you may become very tired. It is important to take breaks. It can make you think of what you have seen and what else you want to do. ⑥Take a friend. Visiting a museum is always much more enjoyable when you are with a friend. You can talk about what you’re seeing. A friend may bring another way of thinking when you talk about the museum. 1．How does the writer begin the text? A．By giving an example. B．By telling some latest news. C．By asking questions. D．By making a survey. 2．What should we do first before visiting a museum? A．Invite a friend to go together. B．Choose a museum to visit. C．Make a plan for lunch. D．Look through the information online. 3．What may friends do if we visit a museum with them? A．Make the visit cheaper. B．Discuss future visiting plans. C．Come up with bad ideas. D．Share ideas with us. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Where to find a museum. B．When to visit a museum. C．What to do in a museum. D．How to enjoy ourselves when visiting a museum. 5．What’s the structure of the passage? A．①-②③④⑤⑥ B．①-②③④-⑤⑥. C．①②-③④⑤⑥. D．①-②③④⑤-⑥. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河北邢台·期末）Do you get angry when your friends sing loudly? Or when your best friend does not wait for you after school? If you do, you need to control your feelings and stop getting angry so easily. Getting angry easily can make you lose friends. Gary Egeberg, an American high school teacher, wrote My Feelings are Just Like Wild Animals to help you control your feelings. It tells teens how to stay cool when bad things happen to them. The book says that getting angry only makes problems worse. It cannot make them better. “Getting angry is not a natural way to act”, the book says. It is just a bad habit, like smoking. The book says you can control your anger easily, and all you have to do is to tell yourself not to be angry. When a baby falls over, it cries only when people are watching it. Like a baby, you can only get angry if you are sure it is the right thing to do. The book gives many suggestions to help you if you get angry easily. Here are the top three. ★Keep a record. Every time you get angry, write down why you are angry. Look at it later and you will see you get angry too easily. ★Ask your friends to stop talking to you when you get angry. This will teach you not to be angry. ★Do something different. When you get angry, walk away from the problem and go somewhere else. Try to laugh. 1．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By telling a story. C．By giving an example. D．By showing opinions. 2．What will happen if you get angry easily? A．We’ll get ill easily. B．We’ll eat less. C．We’ll lose our friends. D．We’ll put on weight easily. 3．What does the book written by Gary mainly teach us? A．How to read. B．How to stay cool. C．How to make friends. D．How to learn English well. 4．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the fourth paragraph? A．The book. B．The habit. C．The baby. D．Anger. 5．What can you not do when you get angry according to the book? A．Keep a record. B．Do something different. C．Ask our friends to stop talking to us. D．Shout at anyone loudly. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·河北邯郸·期末）Do you argue with your parents about making your bed or cleaning your room? Are your parents angry because you use the Internet or play with your friends outside all the time? If your answers are yes, then our new Family app can help you a lot. With the Family app, teenagers and parents look at family arguments from both sides and solve their problems together. The app gives you advice and helps you get on well with your parents. It also helps your parents to understand you better. How does it work? You read different kinds of problems and then choose an answer from different options (选项). The app tells you why the answer is the best and why the other options aren’t so good. For example, you’re preparing to go out with your friends, but your parents want you to visit your grandparents. Do you say “We always go there on the weekend. I’m going to play with my friends outside today.”? Or do you say “OK! We can go there today, but I’d like to play with my friends outside tomorrow.”? The first option doesn’t make your parents or you feel good, but the second option makes everyone happy. The Family app is very useful. It can help you live an easy life. Do you want to have one? 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By showing facts. B．By telling a story. C．By asking questions. D．By showing some numbers. 2．What does the Family app do after you choose an answer? A．It provides reasons for the best answer. B．It suggests another problem to solve. C．It contacts your parents immediately. D．It rewards you with points. 3．How do teenagers use the Family app? A．They can send an email to their parents on it. B．They can take online classes on it. C．They choose gifts for their parents on it. D．They choose answers to different problems on it. 4．Who can use the Family app? A．The parents. B．The teenagers. C．Both the parents and the teenagers. D．Neither the parents nor the teenagers. 5．What can we learn from the Family app? A．It shows why people get angry. B．It teaches children how to argue with others. C．It gives family ideas for free-time activities. D．It helps family members understand each other better. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·河北沧州·期末）Winter has arrived. The temperature has dropped below 10° C． Do you want to complain (抱怨) that you still have to go to school on such cold days? You should know about the life in Oymyakon, Russia. Oymyakon is famous as the coldest village in the world. During the winter, the average (平均) temperature is -50°C． The village recorded the lowest in 2013: -72°C． Amos Chapple is a reporter from New Zealand. In 2015 he traveled to Oymyakon to see what life was like there. He said, “It’s hard to take pictures. My camera would often get too cold to work properly.” About 500 people live in Oymyakon now. The living condition is terrible, but people ride bikes and even go swimming. Fish markets are open. Frozen (冷冻的) fish stand in boxes. People in heavy winter clothing walk by them. It’s impossible to grow crops in Oymyakon. The local food is mostly meat. The meat is sometimes eaten frozen. The local people like cold food in fact. And the freezing weather doesn’t stop children from going to the classroom. Usually, schools in Oymyakon won’t close until the temperature drops to -52°. 1．What’s the average temperature in Oymyakon in winter? A．-10°C． B．-46°C． C．-50°C． D．-72°C． 2．Why did Amos Chapple go on a trip to Oymyakon? A．To take more pictures. B．To enjoy the beautiful lake. C．To look for frozen fish. D．To see what life was like there. 3．What can we find about Oymyakon from the text? A．People can grow crops. B．People never go swimming. C．About 1.500 people live there now. D．Schools close when the temperature is below -52°C． 4．Which is the structure (结构) of the text? A． B． C． D． Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·河北衡水·期末）A helpful and friendly society is good for everyone’s development, but how can we build it? Firstly, we can start with our community (社区) that we live in. Here are some ways to build a friendly and helpful community. Always be kind to your neighbors. This means you should speak to them in a friendly way. And it also means being willing to lend a hand when they need help. Be understanding towards your neighbors. This means paying attention (注意) to their needs and worries. We shouldn’t just say and do what we want to say and do. Work together to create a friendly and supportive (支持的) community. This means joining in community events and activities. We should also be willing to communicate openly and honestly with our neighbors and work together to solve problems and face challenges. After learning about these ways, let’s start by building strong relationships with our neighbors. 1．How many ways does the passage give to build a great community? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Parents. B．Friends. C．Neighbors. D．Old people. 3．What does the sentence “Be understanding towards your neighbors” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Bring a lot of happiness to your neighbors. B．Care about your neighbors’ needs and worries. C．Offer delicious food and drinks to your neighbors. D．Share different feelings with your neighbors. 4．What is the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①/②③④⑤ C．①/②/③④⑤ D．①②③④/⑤ 5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Importance of a Community B．Ways to Build a Friendly Community C．How to Get Along with Neighbors D．Community Events and Activities Passage 5 （24-25八年级下·河北张家口·期末）Do you know plants can communicate with each other? In many people’s eyes, plants are quiet. They can’t talk. They can’t walk. And they can’t think like us. But is this really true? A TV show, The Green Planet, gives us a new look at plants. Shown on Bilibili, it tells the lives of plants, and the wonderful and unbelievable ways that plants work. Plants contend against each other to live. In the rainforests, different kinds of plants race for sunlight. The forest floor is described as a “battlefield”. Only two percent of the sunlight gets through it. Some plants spread (扩展) their big leaves to reach light. But other plants may catch them up and get a lift. Finally, they are both overtaken (超过) by a fast-growing tree. In the same way, some trees may give out something to protect themselves. Plants also help each other and even communicate. In deserts, if a tree finds water, it will share it with others. Studies also show that plants use fungus (真菌) in the soil as a way to “talk” to each other. It’s kind of like how Wi-Fi works. If a tomato plant gets ill, it can tell closer plants about it. The TV show not only makes us amazed at the plant world, but also pushes us to understand that plants are important. Just as David, the director (导演) of the show says, “All life depends on plants. We depend on them to eat and breathe (呼吸).” It’s time to look after wild plants just as carefully as our houseplants. 1．What does the TV show The Green Planet mainly show us? A．How plants talk. B．The wonders of plants. C．How to grow plants. D．The way of protecting plans. 2．What does the underlined word “contend” probably mean in the text? A．Push. B．Protect. C．Increase. D．Compete. 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Why plants get sick. B．How plants find water. C．How plants help each other. D．Why plants talk to each other. 4．What can we know from David’s words? A．Plants are hard to research. B．Indoor plants need more care. C．Many wild plants are endangered. D．Plants play a big role in our lives. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．Amazing Plants B．Plants Never Talk C．Let’s Grow Plants D．Plants Are Different Passage 6 （24-25八年级下·河北张家口·期末）In Britain, some people say they will do anything if a famous person they love asks them to. One in three people in Britain have a new kind of disease (病)—They love a famous person too much. Some people love famous stars like Britney Spears, David Beckham or even Tony Blair. It is not just the young, but grown-ups have the same problem. One in four people are so interested in their heroes (英雄) that it affects (影响) their life. There are two ways of worshipping (崇拜) famous people. One way is just to follow them or talk about them with friends for fun. The other is a more serious way. People have very strong feelings for them and think they are their friends. People who do so for fun are found to be happier. But those who have strong feelings for a famous person are perhaps to feel more lonely and worried. “Worshipping famous people is certainly not a bad thing,” said Dr. John, an expert, “but like many things, overdoing (过分追求) it may not always be good for you.” 1．How many people in Britain have got this kind of disease? A．About one third.B．About a quarter. C．More than a half. D．About three hundred. 2．What does the writers think of the two ways to show love to a famous person? A．The first one is better. B．The second one is better. C．Neither of them is good. D．Both of them are good. 3．Those who have strong feelings for a famous person may feel ________. A．happy B．funny C．worried D．strong 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned (提到)? A．David Beckham. B．Tony Blair. C．Jackie Chan. D．Britney Spears. 5．Dr. John tells us ________. A．loving famous people is a good thing B．overdoing something may bring some trouble C．we mustn’t show love to anybody or anything D．famous people are common people Passage 7 （24-25八年级下·河北廊坊·期末）①Doing chores is a normal part of growing up. Here is how children around the world take them on . ②In Spain (西班牙), doing chores is not just a family responsibility (责任); it is also a law (法律). In 2014, the Spanish government made a law that asks children to join in housework. The country has a history of taking chores seriously. In 2005, the government made some rules to ask men to help out at home. ③In Mexico (墨西哥), helping with chores is natural. Some scientists study how children in common families in Mexico help with chores. They have learned that children in these homes are very nice around the house. They often do chores in their free time. ④In China, people usually ask children to do chores. However, as people have paid attention to children’s schoolwork in recent years, many school students hardly help with chores and have few life skills. To solve the problem, the Chinese government introduced new standards (标准) for labor (劳动) education in 2022. Students need to learn different chores such as cleaning and cooking at different ages. ⑤In all these countries, children play their part. So, make your bed every day and help with the chores 1．What is right about chores in Spain? A．Men never do chores. B．Only women do chores. C．People take chores seriously. D．Parents make rules of doing chores. 2．What do scientists find in common families in Mexico? A．These families are very poor. B．Children often do chores in free time. C．Children can work out their problems. D．Children in these families get good grades. 3．What do the underlined words “paid attention to” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Cared about. B．Handed out. C．Parted with. D．Put off. 4．What would be the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．When should children do chores? B．What chores should children do? C．How often should children do chores? D．How do children around the world do chores? / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 景点/建筑介绍 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北秦皇岛·期末）You must have heard of the legend (传说) of Yu Gong, who tried to move two mountains. The Taihang Mountain was one of the two mountains. The Taihang Mountain passes through the areas of Hebei, Shanxi, Henan and Beijing. It is about 400 kilometers long. It is one of the largest mountain ranges in North China, and it was called “the backbone (脊梁) of China” in ancient times. Many legends about the beginning of human civilization (文明) come from the Taihang area. For example, Nuwa used stones to repair the sky to make sure that humans would have a better future; Houyi protected everyone by shooting the suns. The Taihang Mountain is not only where the ancient stories happened, but also a place where tens of thousands of fossils (化石) were found. These fossils show how the earth has changed over time. At the same time, we can also learn about how ancient humans lived from the discoveries around the area. Nowadays, there are natural forests around the area with beautiful colors in four seasons. In spring, the trees of Taihang Mountain will grow green leaves. In summer, the trees will grow luxuriant (茂密的) and leaves will cover the sun. In autumn, the trees in Taihang Mountain are tall and leaves turn yellow. In winter, the trees are covered with snow, like a thick white coat. You can go there whenever you want because it is beautiful all year round. If you want to learn different things about history, culture and other important knowledge, you can come to the Taihang Mountain and feel its greatness. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By telling legends B．By asking questions C．By giving numbers D．By comparing facts 2．What can show that humans have lived around the Taihang area since long ago? A．Natural forests. B．The fossils. C．Many legends. D．Ancient stories. 3．What does the text tell us about the Taihang Mountain? ①Its location    ②Its natural scenery    ③Its legends    ④ Its height A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．Why does the writer write the text? A．To introduce famous legends about the Taihang Mountain. B．To tell people how to take a trip to the Taihang Mountain. C．To show the Taihang Mountain is wonderful and worth visiting. D．To encourage people to learn more knowledge about ancient history. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】文章主要介绍了太行山的地理位置、自然景色、相关传说以及其作为旅游景点的价值。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“You must have heard of the legend of Yu Gong, who tried to move two mountains. The Taihang Mountain was one of the two mountains.”可知，作者是通过讲述传说介绍这个话题的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“The Taihang Mountain is not only where the ancient stories happened, but also a place where tens of thousands of fossils were found. These fossils show how the earth has changed over time. At the same time, we can also learn about how ancient humans lived from the discoveries around the area.”可知，有化石可以证明人类很久以前就生活在太行地区周围了。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“The Taihang Mountain passes through the areas of Hebei, Shanxi, Henan and Beijing.”可知，此处介绍太行山的位置；根据文中“For example, Nuwa used stones to repair the sky to make sure that humans would have a better future; Houyi protected everyone by shooting the suns.”可知，此处介绍了和太行山有关的传说；根据文中“Nowadays, there are natural forests around the area with beautiful colors in four seasons.”可知，此处介绍了太行山的美景。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文中“If you want to learn different things about history, culture and other important knowledge, you can come to the Taihang Mountain and feel its greatness.”及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了太行山的相关信息，表明太行山极好，值得参观。选项C“展示太行山很棒，值得一游。”符合题意。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河北沧州·期末）Now China has five national parks. They protect nearly 30% of the important wild species (野生物种) in China. Let’s take a look at three of them. Giant Panda National Park Location (地址): Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu More than 80% of China’s wild giant pandas live there! The park builds many small houses for pandas in these three provinces. Besides pandas, leopards (金钱豹) and monkeys also live in the park. Pandas and their “neighbors” can live and play together. National Park of Hainan Tropical (热带的) Rain forest Location: Hainan As big as 4,400 square kilometers, it has a very large tropical forest. The forest covers nearly 96% of the park. More than 400 kinds of endemic (特有的) plants are growing in the park. There are 35 Hainan gibbons (长臂猿) in the park. They are the only surviving (幸存的) members of the species in the world. What’s more, Hainan’s three highest mountains are also in the park. Sanjiangyuan National Park Location: Qinghai It is the largest national park in China. It is about 14 times the area of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. People call it “the water tower of China”, because it is home to the sources (源头) of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Lancang River. It is also home to hundreds of animal species. 1．What animals can we see in Giant Panda National Park? a. pandas     b. elephants     c. leopards     d. monkeys     e. gibbons A．a, b, c B．a, c, d C．a, c, e D．a, d, e 2．How many kinds of endemic plants are growing in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest? A．About 4,269. B．About 35. C．More than 1,600. D．More than 400. 3．Which one is the largest national park in China? A．Giant Panda National Park. B．National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest. C．Sanjiangyuan National Park. D．Wuyishan National Park. 4．From the text, we can know ________ . A．the total number of giant pandas in the world B．the names of Hainan’s three highest mountains C．whether visitors need to pay for the tickets to the national parks D．how many Hainan gibbons live in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了中国的五个国家公园，重点展示了其中三个国家公园的特色和重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据“More than 80% of China’s wild giant pandas live there!.. Besides pandas, leopards (金钱豹) and monkeys also live in the park.”可知，大熊猫国家公园里有大熊猫、金钱豹和猴子。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“More than 400 kinds of endemic (特有的) plants are growing in the park.”可知，海南热带雨林国家公园有400多种特有植物。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Sanjiangyuan National Park… It is the largest national park in China.”可知，三江源国家公园是中国最大的国家公园。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“There are 35 Hainan gibbons (长臂猿) in the park.”可知，海南热带雨林国家公园有35只海南长臂猿。故选D。 主题02 身心健康 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北邢台·期末）Young people can have problems with their minds. Some students become worried because they have to study very hard. Others have trouble getting on well with people like their parents and classmates. Liu Wei, a junior 2 student from Zhengzhou, could not understand his teacher and was doing badly in his lessons. He became so worried about it that he started to cut his finger with a knife. Another student, 14-year-old Yan Fang from Guangzhou, was afraid of exams. She got very worried in one exam, and when she looked at the exam paper, she couldn’t think of anything to write. A recent report from Jiefang Daily says about 18% of Shanghai teenagers have mental (心理的) problems. Liang Youzhu, an expert on teenagers from Beijing Anding Hospital has the following advice for teenagers: ●Talk to your parents or teachers often. ●Take part in group activities and play sports. ●Go to see a doctor if you feel unhappy or unwell. 1．The students who often become worried or have trouble getting on with others may have ______. A．mental problems B．a headache C．no friends D．problems with their parents 2．Liu Wei cut his finger with a knife because ______. A．he could not understand his teacher and was doing badly in lessons B．he wanted to frighten his parents C．he was so worried about his parents D．he was good at lessons 3．Yan Fang’s problems happened whenever ______. A．she studied very hard B．she had exams C．she talked with her parents D．she had lessons 4．Liang Youzhu’s advice tells us that ______. A．it’s better for the students who have mental problems to stay alone at home B．it’s unnecessary for them to be with others C．group activities and sports can help them D．talking to classmates can be helpful 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文讲述了青少年常见的心理问题，如学习压力、人际关系困扰和考试焦虑，并通过具体案例和专家建议强调了心理健康的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Young people can have problems with their minds. Some students become worried because they have to study very hard. Others have trouble getting on well with people like their parents and classmates.”可知，经常感到担忧或与人相处困难的学生可能有精神问题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Liu Wei…could not understand his teacher and was doing badly in his lessons. He became so worried about it that he started to cut his finger with a knife.”可知，刘伟用刀割手指是因为他听不懂老师讲课且成绩不好。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Another student, 14-year-old Yan Fang…was afraid of exams. She got very worried in one exam…”可知，闫芳的问题发生在考试时。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后专家的建议“Liang Youzhu, an expert on teenagers from Beijing Adding Hospital has the following advice for teenagers:…Take part in group activities and play sports.”可知，集体活动和运动可以帮助有心理问题的学生。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河北张家口·期末）We all know our national badminton team has won lots of gold medals in the Olympics. But do you really know about this sport? The name of the sport, badminton, came out in the 19th century. Since people started to play it, it has been a popular sport. Badminton brings people power, health and so on. Unlike many other sports, badminton needs many difficult skills to play. Players should have the ability (能力) to start, stop quickly and make sudden changes in direction. Playing badminton has been shown to be a great sport for the physical health. It can stop people from being fat and build a strong heart. The sport is good for thicker and healthier bones (骨骼), especially for children at a young age. The sport also reduces players’ risk of heart disease, because they always move strongly followed by short rest. What’s more, “Badminton players live longer than players in many other sports,” according to a study. The study says, “Soccer players help themselves live 4.7 years longer, swimmers 3.4 years, and runners 3.2 years. Surprisingly, badminton players can make it to 9.7 years longer.” The sport also helps the brain work better. Research shows that the movements while playing badminton can help improve the memory. And maybe badminton players remember things better than others. So, would you like to play badminton? 1．Why does playing badminton reduce the risk of heart disease? A．Because badminton players are all very thin. B．Because badminton players often eat a lot of healthy food. C．Because badminton players have thicker and healthier bones. D．Because badminton players always move strongly followed by short rest. 2．What can we learn from the text? A．Badminton is an easy sport to play. B．Playing badminton is only good for children. C．Badminton players may have a better memory. D．Soccer players live the longest among different sports players. 3．What is the main idea of the text? A．To introduce the history of badminton. B．To compare badminton with other sports. C．To tell people how to play badminton well. D．To show the advantages of playing badminton. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过介绍羽毛球运动的起源、所需技能以及对身体和大脑的益处等方面，向读者客观地阐述了关于羽毛球运动的相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据“The sport also reduces players’ risk of heart disease, because they always move strongly followed by short rest.”可知，打羽毛球能降低患心脏病的风险是因为球员总是剧烈运动后有短暂休息，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Research shows that the movements while playing badminton can help improve the memory. And maybe badminton players remember things better than others.”可知，羽毛球运动员可能有更好的记忆力，故选C。 3．主旨大意题。文章主要从对身体健康（预防肥胖、增强心脏功能、有益骨骼、降低心脏病风险、延长寿命）等方面阐述了打羽毛球的好处，旨在展示打羽毛球的优势，故选D。 主题03 科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北廊坊·期末）In Brazil and Indonesia, the number of people living in the rainforest (雨林) is rising, so the rainforest itself is becoming smaller. During the 20th century, people cut down lots of trees in the rainforest. More and more people in Brazil and Indonesia moved into rainforest areas to find land for living. Local farmers cut down trees to grow crops (庄稼). Large companies (公司) also moved into the rainforest to develop their factories. The problem is that the area of the rainforest is becoming smaller and smaller. Scientists say that destroying (破坏) the rainforest is harming the earth and should be stopped. But why? Rainforest plants help to clean the air. What’s more, different kinds of rainforest plants can be used to produce (生产) useful medicine and may be the key to solving serious problems. Then how can people in Brazil and Indonesia solve the problem? Governments can make some rules to protect their forests. Companies can provide jobs elsewhere (在别处), so that fewer people have to live and work in the rainforest. Governments should encourage farmers to plant crops in certain areas, and this helps to stop the soil from being washed away and produce better crops. Many plants and animals that live in the rainforest can’t be found anywhere else in the world. It is important to make sure that these forests are used well and protected by people. 1．Why is the rainforest becoming smaller in Brazil and Indonesia? A．Because people plant less trees. B．Because many plants are eaten by animals. C．Because the bad weather makes the trees die. D．Because more people move there for land and companies build factories there. 2．What does the underlined word “harming” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Hurting. B．Saving. C．Cleaning. D．Controlling. 3．Which question can help readers know the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．What animals live in the rainforest? B．Why do people move into the rainforest? C．What do rainforest plants look like? D．How can people in Brazil and Indonesia protect the rainforest? 4．Which of the following will the writer probably agree with? A．People should move into the rainforest to plant more crops. B．Companies should build more factories in the rainforest. C．Companies should offer jobs outside the rainforest areas to protect the rainforest. D．The area of the rainforest is becoming larger and larger now. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Animals in the Rainforest B．The Factories in Brazil and Indonesia C．The Ways to Plant Crops in the Rainforest D．The Problem of the Rainforest and Ways to Solve It 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文讲述了雨林占地面积减少的原因、雨林的重要性以及人们是如何保护雨林。 1．细节理解题。根据“More and more people in Brazil and Indonesia moved into rainforest areas to find land for living. Local farmers cut down trees to grow crops (庄稼). Large companies (公司) also moved into the rainforest to develop their factories.”可知，因为更多的人为了土地搬到那里，很多公司在那里建厂。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Scientists say that destroying (破坏) the rainforest is harming the earth and should be stopped.”可知，科学家说，破坏雨林正在危害地球，应该被制止。因此划线单词的意思是“伤害”，与Hurting意思一致。故选A。 3．主旨大题意。通读第四段可知，第四段主要讲述了巴西和印度尼西亚的人们如何保护雨林的。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“Companies can provide jobs elsewhere (在别处), so that fewer people have to live and work in the rainforest.”可知，作者认为公司应该在雨林地区之外提供工作来保护雨林。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了雨林占地面积减少的原因、雨林的重要性以及如何解决雨林问题，D选项“雨林问题及其解决方法”符合文章主旨。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河北沧州·期末）Are you a lover of long, relaxing hot showers? Or do you enjoy the joy of a cold one? No matter what you like, both can be good for your health. Cold showers are popular with some people. While you’re taking a cold shower, your heart rate (心率) rises. As a result, you will feel active. It makes you feel like drinking a strong cup of coffee. However, hot showers do the opposite. They relax your body and reduce your heart rate. So, at the end of a hard day, standing under a hot shower can help you relax and fall asleep more easily. It’s not all good, however. If you’re feeling a little under the weather, taking a cold shower can be bad for your health. A sick person’s body is already working hard to fight off the illness, and a sudden drop in body temperature can stress his or her immune system (免疫系统). As for hot showers, hot water can cause your skin to dry out. This can make certain skin conditions go from bad to worse. In fact, different showers depend on your time. Cold showers are best in the morning, when you need to wake up. Hot showers are best before bed or when you’re sick with a cold. Either way, the right kind of shower can improve your experience, day or night. 1．How can a cold shower make us feel? A．Nervous. B．Active. C．Crazy. D．Sleepy. 2．Which phrase is close to the underlined word “reduce”? A．Bring down. B．Write down. C．Turn up. D．Put up. 3．When is a cold shower good for us? A．When we are sick. B．After we run more. C．When we need to wake up. D．Before we go to bed. 4．Which can be a proper title for the passage? A．When do you take a shower? B．Is it good for us to take a shower? C．Why do people need to take a shower? D．Do you like a hot shower or a cold shower? 5．Where can we find the passage? A．In a storybook. B．In a travel magazine.C．In a history book. D．In a science magazine. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了冷热水澡的不同作用、注意事项以及最佳洗澡时间。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“While you’re taking a cold shower, your heart rate rises. As a result, you will feel active.”可知，冷水澡会让我们感到有活力，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“While you’re taking a cold shower, your heart rate (心率) rises. ”和“However, hot showers do the opposite. ”可知，此处指让心率下降，bring down意为“降低”，与之相近，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Cold showers are best in the morning, when you need to wake up.”可知，当我们需要醒来时，冷水澡是好的选择，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕冷热水澡的不同好处和适用时间展开，D项“你喜欢热水澡还是冷水澡”最贴合文章内容，故选D。 5．推理判断题。本文介绍健康小知识，适合刊登在科普类杂志中，故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·河北秦皇岛·期末）Wukong, Tiangong, Tianwen… Do you know where the names of Chinese space programs come from? Wukong, the Dark Matter Particle Explorer satellite (暗物质粒子探测卫星), is named after Chinese superhero Monkey King. According to Journey to the West, Monkey King has a pair of sharp (敏锐的) eyes which can tell the difference between good and bad. The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as Monkey King to help scientists search for dark matter in space. The name of the space station, Tiangong, means “Heavenly Palace”. In Chinese myths, this is the home of Yuhuang Dadi. Now Tiangong Space Station is a home for Chinese astronauts in space. And China welcomes foreign astronauts to Tiangong so that they can work together. Tianwen, China’s Mars missions (火星探测任务), gets its name from the poem (诗歌) Tianwen by Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan is a famous poet from ancient China. In Tianwen, he had the questions about the sky, star, nature, myths and the real world, showing his hunger (渴望) for truth. Perhaps the Tianwen missions will answer some of Qu Yuan’s questions. If you look into more names of Chinese space programs, you will find that they all have beautiful meanings. We, the Chinese people, have a long-cherished (珍藏已久的) space dream. So the naming (命名) of Chinese space programs is taken very seriously. 1．What is the Wukong satellite used for? A．Answering some of Qu Yuan’s questions. B．Finding the difference between good and bad. C．Helping scientists search for dark matter in space. D．Welcoming foreign astronauts to the space station. 2．The underlined word “myths” in Paragraph 3 means “________” in Chinese. A．诗歌 B．神话 C．谚语 D．传记 3．The name of China’s Mars missions is from ________. A．Qu Yuan’s poem Tianwen B．an ancient book C．ancient Chinese myths D．Journey to the West 4．Why do we take the naming of Chinese space programs seriously? A．Because we want to land on Mars. B．Because we want to protect the Earth. C．Because we have the hunger for truth. D．Because we have a space dream. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国航天项目名称的来源及其背后的文化意义。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as Monkey King to help scientists search for dark matter in space.”可知，悟空卫星和美猴王一样敏锐，帮助科学家在太空中寻找暗物质。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“In Chinese myths, this is the home of Yuhuang Dadi.”可知，在中国的神话中，这是玉皇大帝的家，由此可推断出，myths意为“神话”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Tianwen, China’s Mars missions (火星探测任务), gets its name from the poem (诗歌) Tianwen by Qu Yuan.”可知，中国的火星探测任务“天问”的名字来源于屈原的诗《天问》。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“We, the Chinese people, have a long-cherished (珍藏已久的) space dream. So the naming (命名) of Chinese space programs is taken very seriously.”可知，我们中国人有一个珍藏已久的太空梦，所以我们非常重视中国航天项目的命名。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·河北沧州·期末）What can you do to help yourself become happy when you are feeling a little unhappy? Some vinegar (醋) may help. Some scientists in the US did a test on this. 28 people took part in it. The scientists put them into two groups. Every day, people in the first group had four spoons of vinegar. Those in the second group only took one spoonful of vinegar. Four weeks later, the scientists tested the mental (心理的) health of everyone. The symptoms (症状) of depression (抑郁症) went down by 42% for the first group and 18% for the second. At the same time, the level (水平) of vitamin B3 went up by 86% for everyone in the first group. The scientists said that having more vitamin B3 could help with depression. However, the scientists only studied 28 people for this. In the future, they will need to test more people for the result. If you don’t want to do the test on yourself, here are some other things for you to try when you are feeling down. First, spend 45 minutes doing exercise, like running or walking. Do this three times a week. Second, keep healthy eating habits. Try to have less sugar. Eat fruit, not sweets. Third, write down your happy moments (时刻) once or twice a week. It helps you to look at the bright side of life. At last, go to see a doctor when self-help does not work. 1．Why does the writer ask the question in Paragraph 1? A．To ask readers to answer it. B．To make readers interested. C．To ask readers to talk about it. D．To get readers to remember it. 2．What did people in the first group have each day? A．Some vitamin B3. B．One spoon of vinegar. C．Four spoons of vinegar. D．Vitamin B3 with a little vinegar. 3．Which picture can show the result of the test rightly? A．B． C． D． 4．What could more vitamin B3 help according to the scientists? A．Make vinegar taste nice. B．Make vinegar work well. C．Make people feel strong. D．Make people feel happy. 5．Which of the following doesn’t the writer advise when we are unhappy? A．Doing exercise. B．Talking with friends. C．Asking doctors for help. D．Writing down happy moments. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国科学家关于醋和维生素B3对情绪影响的测试，以及让人开心的其他方法。 1．推理判断题。根据“What can you do to help yourself become happy when you are feeling a little unhappy?”可知，开篇用提问的方式是为了引发读者兴趣，吸引读者继续阅读，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Every day, people in the first group had four spoons of vinegar.”可知，第一组人每天喝四勺醋，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“Four weeks later, the scientists tested the mental (心理的) health of everyone. The symptoms (症状) of depression (抑郁症) went down by 42% for the first group”可知，第一组抑郁症症状下降，A图呈现第一组随时间推移抑郁症症状下降，符合测试结果，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“The scientists said that having more vitamin B3 could help with depression.”可知，抑郁症减轻会让人开心，即更多维生素B3可帮助人们开心，故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据“First, spend 45 minutes doing exercise, like running or walking...Third, write down your happy moments (时刻) once or twice a week...At last, go to see a doctor when self-help does not work.”可知，作者建议锻炼、写下你的快乐时刻以及看医生，故选B。 主题01 青少年问题 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北廊坊·期末）Puberty (青春期) is a stage (阶段) of life when young people leave childhood and head into adulthood. It is a difficult time for young people because it changes both their bodies and minds. A young person may begin puberty at 8, while another may not start puberty until 14 or 15. Usually, girls start puberty before boys do. For both girls and boys, it is usually complete by the age of 18. During these years, the body develops in many ways. Feelings will also change quickly. Young boys at this stage are interested in having fun. They need to think before they act and make up their minds for themselves. A girl’s personality (个性) often does not develop in the same way as a boy’s. Young girls sometimes lose confidence in themselves. They are usually afraid to tell their parents or teachers about their problems. For this reason, young girls should be encouraged to talk about things with trusted adults. Parents, schools and communities (社区) can do a lot to care for and help young people. It is their responsibility (责任) to make sure that young people grow into healthy adults. 1．Why is puberty a difficult time for young people? A．Because it makes young people work like adults. B．Because it makes children dislike their parents. C．Because it changes both their bodies and minds. D．Because it begins at very different ages for everyone. 2．When does puberty usually end for both boys and girls? A．By the age of 14. B．When girls start before boys. C．By the age of 18. D．Between 8 and 15 years old. 3．What are young boys interested in during puberty? A．Studying very hard. B．Talking with parents. C．Having fun. D．Going shopping. 4．Why should young girls be encouraged to talk to trusted adults? A．They develop faster than boys. B．They need help with schoolwork. C．They often lose confidence. D．They are not hardworking at all. 5．Who should help young people during puberty? A．Doctors and medical workers. B．Teenagers themselves. C．Parents, schools, and communities. D．Government organizations. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了关于孩子们青春期的知识。 1．细节理解题。根据“It is a difficult time for young people because it changes both their bodies and minds.”可知，青春期对于年轻人来说之所以很难是因为它从身心两方面改变了他们。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“For both girls and boys, it is usually complete by the age of 18.”可知，男孩和女孩的青春期通常到十八岁为止。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Young boys at this stage are interested in having fun.”可知，这个阶段的男孩对玩乐感兴趣。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Young girls sometimes lose confidence in themselves. They are usually afraid to tell their parents or teachers about their problems. For this reason, young girls should be encouraged to talk about things with trusted adults.”可知，因为女孩有时不自信，害怕与家长和老师交流自己的问题。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“Parents, schools and communities (社区) can do a lot to care for and help young people. It is their responsibility (责任) to make sure that young people grow into healthy adults.”可知，家长、学校与社区在关爱和帮助青少年方面可以发挥重要作用，确保年轻人健康成长为健全的成年人，是他们共同的责任。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河北廊坊·期末）Why can’t children look after themselves these days? The main reason is that their parents help them do everything. In their opinion, children should spend all their time on schoolwork. They just want their children to work hard so that they can get into a good university. This has caused teenagers to depend too much on their parents. So some teenagers may do well in school, but they still lack (缺乏) independence. My friend told me a story. It was about a student who got into a good university. But one month later, he dropped out of school. His parents were surprised and asked him why he had come back home. He answered, “I can’t live alone without you. I hate this feeling. My classmates and friends laugh at me. They think I am like a big boy and they say I need my mom to help me do everything.” Then, his parents realized their son wasn’t kidding. They regretted how they had raised (抚养) him. Teenagers need to be independent. Parents should love their children, but spoiling (宠溺) them is harmful to them. Some grandparents spoil their grandchildren very much. They think their grandchildren should get everything they want. But they should know it is important for children to be independent. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better off they will be in life. 1．Why did the university student drop out of school? A．He missed his parents and couldn’t live independently. B．He didn’t like his classmates. C．He failed the exams. D．He wanted to find a job. 2．Why did the writer tell a story in Paragraph 2? A．To support his opinion. B．To tell us not to drop out of school. C．To make the text more interesting. D．To express his true feelings. 3．What does the underlined word “regretted” mean in Paragraph 2? A．满意 B．后悔 C．期待 D．重复 4．Which of the following would the writer probably agree with? A．Parents shouldn’t push kids to learn. B．Parents should make kids do some housework. C．It’s necessary for kids to get a good education. D．Kids shouldn’t be taken care of by their grandparents. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Ways to be Independent B．The Results of Spoiling Kids C．The Importance of Children’s Independence D．How to Raise a Kid 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文通过案例分析探讨了当代青少年缺乏独立性的原因及后果，指出父母过度包办和溺爱会阻碍孩子独立能力的培养，并强调培养独立性的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“I can’t live alone without you...I need my mom to help me do everything.”可知，该学生退学是因为无法独立生活且依赖父母。故选A。 2．细节理解题。第二段故事通过具体案例（学生因缺乏独立性退学）支撑首段观点：“父母包办导致孩子依赖性强”。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Then, his parents realized their son wasn’t kidding. They regretted how they had raised (抚养) him.”可知，孩子退学之后，父母才后悔养育他的方式，划线词“regretted”指的是“后悔”，故选B。 4．观点态度题。根据末段“Teenagers need to be independent. Parents should love their children, but spoiling (宠溺) them is harmful to them.”并结合文中的实例可知，全文核心观点是“父母应避免溺爱并培养孩子独立性”。作者会赞同让孩子做家务以锻炼独立性。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。根据“Teenagers need to be independent...The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better off they will be in life.”及整个文章的理解可知，全文围绕“独立性”展开，并分析问题、案例后果、呼吁改变，所以C选项“儿童独立的重要性”可以概括主题，故选C。 主题02 环境污染 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北秦皇岛·期末）Islands are always changing shapes. Sometimes you can see the changes happening. A volcano can erupt (喷发) and shoot out red hot lava (岩浆). When the lava reaches the ocean, it cools and forms new land. The island grows. But most changes are hard to see. Storms and wind blow dirt and sand from one side of the island and pile them up on another side. Oceans wash away earth and rocks from one beach and carry them to another. The island changes shapes slowly, a little bit at a time. People on some small ocean islands are worried. They think their islands are changing shapes too fast. On some islands, the whole beaches have been washed away. Places that used to be dry have been wetter and wetter. Why are so many islands becoming smaller and smaller? Scientists say people cause pollution. They burn gas and coal for cars and factories, they cut down rainforests, and more. The pollution stores heat and makes Earth hotter. Warmer temperatures melt the ice at the North and South Poles. The melting ice flows into the ocean and raises sea levels. As a result, islands disappear. But there is hope. Scientists are looking for ways to stop sea levels rising and they are also looking for clean ways to run cars and factories. People are helping too, by recycling, planting trees, driving less, and wasting less. Together, we can stop the world’s islands from disappearing (消失). 1．What is true about the islands from the first two paragraphs? A．The ocean cools and the new islands form. B．You can always see the changes happening. C．Storms and wind wash away earth and rocks. D．They sometimes need a long time to change shapes. 2．Which is the right order for islands becoming smaller and smaller? ①Pollution causes Earth to warm     ②Sea levels rise, land disappears ③Ice at the poles melts.         ④People pollute A．④①②③ B．④②①③ C．④③①② D．④①③② 3．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) about the future? A．He feels angry. B．He feels excited. C．He feels hopeful. D．He feels worried. 4．What can be the title of the passage? A．Disappearing Islands.B．Moving Islands.C．Polluted Islands. D．Smaller Islands. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了岛屿会改变形状，人类污染让不少岛屿变小甚至要消失，不过人们在想办法阻止。 1．细节理解题。根据“But most changes are hard to see... The island changes shapes slowly, a little bit at a time.”可知，岛屿的大多数变化难以察觉，形状改变得很缓慢，即有时需要很长时间才能改变形状。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Scientists say people cause pollution... The pollution stores heat and makes Earth hotter. Warmer temperatures melt the ice at the North and South Poles... The melting ice flows into the ocean and raises sea levels. As a result, islands disappear.”可知，岛屿变小的正确顺序是：人们制造污染（④）→污染导致地球变暖（①）→极地冰川融化（③）→海平面上升，陆地消失（②）。故选D。 3．观点态度题。根据“But there is hope. Scientists are looking for ways to stop sea levels rising... Together, we can stop the world’s islands from disappearing.”可知，作者提到“有希望”，并阐述了科学家和人们为阻止岛屿消失所做的努力，说明作者对未来持充满希望的态度。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。根据文章内容，先介绍岛屿形状会变化，再重点说明许多岛屿因人类污染导致海平面上升而逐渐变小、面临消失的问题，最后提及阻止岛屿消失的希望和方法，核心围绕“Disappearing Islands”展开。故选A。 主题03 自然灾害与防范 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北沧州·期末）On Tuesday, a sudden heavy rain caused floods (洪水) in Zhengzhou. More than 160 trains stopped services at Zhengzhoudong Railway Station. A lot of people couldn’t leave the subway. The floods have killed many people, and many people are missing. Floods usually come quickly. You can prepare something at home. Some food, bottled water, and medicine are necessary. Pack some warm clothes for each person. Put them in a bag that you can easily find. When floods come, don’t worry. You may have only a short time to run away. You must keep away from water as quickly as you can and stay on high ground to wait (等) for others to save you. Whether you are on foot or have to leave your car, you should choose high ground. It’s the best way. Try not to call with your mobile phone, but text (发短信) for help to save electricity (电). If you are in danger, text people where you are and your own information. Remember to leave everything behind. Don’t stop to move valuables (贵重物品). You should always put your safety first. Crying for help makes it easier for people to find you. Wave (挥) an arm if you can. Keep trying until someone comes for you. 1．The floods in Zhengzhou ________. A．started on Friday B．were very serious C．killed many children D．made 60 trains stop services 2．What does the writer advise us to prepare before floods? A．B． C． D． 3．In Paragraph 4, the writer advises us to ________. A．stop crying loudly B．help to find other people C．do our best to live D．take good care of valuables 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．How to Stay Away from Water B．How to Text for Help C．How to Help People in Danger D．How to Stay Safe in Floods 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了郑州因暴雨引发洪水，造成严重后果，并给出洪水来临前的准备建议以及洪水来临时的应对方法，旨在指导人们如何在洪水中保证安全。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“The floods have killed many people, and many people are missing.”可知，洪水造成多人死亡、失踪，情况严重。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Some food, bottled water, and medicine are necessary. Pack some warm clothes for each person.”可知，需要准备食物、瓶装水、药品、保暖衣物。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“You should always put your safety first ... Keep trying until someone comes for you.”可知，把安全放在首位，尽力求生。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。通读原文可知，全文围绕洪水来临时如何保证安全展开。故选D。 主题04 其他 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·河北秦皇岛·期末）①Have you ever visited a museum? Did you make a plan before the visit? Every museum must have something that interests you. And there are many ways to enjoy yourself in a museum. The following advice may help you. ②Decide which kind of museum you will visit. There are different kinds of museums and you first need to find one that you like. It’s not hard for you to choose one and start an enjoyable visit. ③Look through the information online. Every museum now has a website (网站). You can look through the information about the museum. On the website, you can find things such as the history of the museum, activities in it and its ticket price. It’ll make your visit easier and more interesting. ④Learn new things. It is always good to learn something new from your visit. ⑤Plan breaks into your visit. When you walk around for a long time, you may become very tired. It is important to take breaks. It can make you think of what you have seen and what else you want to do. ⑥Take a friend. Visiting a museum is always much more enjoyable when you are with a friend. You can talk about what you’re seeing. A friend may bring another way of thinking when you talk about the museum. 1．How does the writer begin the text? A．By giving an example. B．By telling some latest news. C．By asking questions. D．By making a survey. 2．What should we do first before visiting a museum? A．Invite a friend to go together. B．Choose a museum to visit. C．Make a plan for lunch. D．Look through the information online. 3．What may friends do if we visit a museum with them? A．Make the visit cheaper. B．Discuss future visiting plans. C．Come up with bad ideas. D．Share ideas with us. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Where to find a museum. B．When to visit a museum. C．What to do in a museum. D．How to enjoy ourselves when visiting a museum. 5．What’s the structure of the passage? A．①-②③④⑤⑥ B．①-②③④-⑤⑥. C．①②-③④⑤⑥. D．①-②③④⑤-⑥. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了参观博物馆前的准备和如何更好地享受博物馆之旅的建议。 1．细节理解题。 根据①段“Have you ever visited a museum? Did you make a plan before the visit?”（你参观过博物馆吗？参观前你制定计划了吗？）可知，作者以提问的方式开篇。故选C。 2．细节理解题。 根据②段“Decide which kind of museum you will visit.”（决定你要参观哪种博物馆）可知，参观博物馆前首先要选择博物馆。故选B。 3．推理判断题。 根据⑥段“You can talk about what you’re seeing. A friend may bring another way of thinking when you talk about the museum.”（你可以和朋友讨论所见所闻，朋友可能会带来不同的思考方式）可推断，朋友会和我们分享想法。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。 全文围绕如何更好地享受博物馆之旅展开，介绍了选择博物馆、查阅信息、学习新知识、安排休息、与朋友同行等建议。故选D。 5．篇章结构题。 文章结构为①段引入话题，②③④⑤⑥段分别给出具体建议，符合“总—分”结构。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河北邢台·期末）Do you get angry when your friends sing loudly? Or when your best friend does not wait for you after school? If you do, you need to control your feelings and stop getting angry so easily. Getting angry easily can make you lose friends. Gary Egeberg, an American high school teacher, wrote My Feelings are Just Like Wild Animals to help you control your feelings. It tells teens how to stay cool when bad things happen to them. The book says that getting angry only makes problems worse. It cannot make them better. “Getting angry is not a natural way to act”, the book says. It is just a bad habit, like smoking. The book says you can control your anger easily, and all you have to do is to tell yourself not to be angry. When a baby falls over, it cries only when people are watching it. Like a baby, you can only get angry if you are sure it is the right thing to do. The book gives many suggestions to help you if you get angry easily. Here are the top three. ★Keep a record. Every time you get angry, write down why you are angry. Look at it later and you will see you get angry too easily. ★Ask your friends to stop talking to you when you get angry. This will teach you not to be angry. ★Do something different. When you get angry, walk away from the problem and go somewhere else. Try to laugh. 1．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By telling a story. C．By giving an example. D．By showing opinions. 2．What will happen if you get angry easily? A．We’ll get ill easily. B．We’ll eat less. C．We’ll lose our friends. D．We’ll put on weight easily. 3．What does the book written by Gary mainly teach us? A．How to read. B．How to stay cool. C．How to make friends. D．How to learn English well. 4．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the fourth paragraph? A．The book. B．The habit. C．The baby. D．Anger. 5．What can you not do when you get angry according to the book? A．Keep a record. B．Do something different. C．Ask our friends to stop talking to us. D．Shout at anyone loudly. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章探讨了容易生气的问题，指出容易生气会让人失去朋友，并介绍了Gary Egeberg所写的一本书，书中提供了多种控制愤怒情绪的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Do you get angry when your friends sing loudly? Or when your best friend does not wait for you after school?”可知，作者通过提问的方式引出文章主题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Getting angry easily can make you lose friends.”可知，如果容易生气，会失去朋友。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It tells teens how to stay cool when bad things happen to them.”可知，Gary写的书主要教青少年如何在坏事发生时保持冷静。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“When a baby falls over, it cries only when people are watching it.”可知，当一个婴儿摔倒时，只有当人们看着它的时候它才会哭，由此可知it指代的是“The baby”。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据文章最后三段“★Keep a record. Every time you get angry, write down why you are angry...★Ask your friends to stop talking to you when you get angry...★Do something different. When you get angry, walk away from the problem and go somewhere else. Try to laugh.”可知，书中建议生气时可以记录原因、让朋友停止交谈、做些不同的事情，但没有建议对任何人大声喊叫。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·河北邯郸·期末）Do you argue with your parents about making your bed or cleaning your room? Are your parents angry because you use the Internet or play with your friends outside all the time? If your answers are yes, then our new Family app can help you a lot. With the Family app, teenagers and parents look at family arguments from both sides and solve their problems together. The app gives you advice and helps you get on well with your parents. It also helps your parents to understand you better. How does it work? You read different kinds of problems and then choose an answer from different options (选项). The app tells you why the answer is the best and why the other options aren’t so good. For example, you’re preparing to go out with your friends, but your parents want you to visit your grandparents. Do you say “We always go there on the weekend. I’m going to play with my friends outside today.”? Or do you say “OK! We can go there today, but I’d like to play with my friends outside tomorrow.”? The first option doesn’t make your parents or you feel good, but the second option makes everyone happy. The Family app is very useful. It can help you live an easy life. Do you want to have one? 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By showing facts. B．By telling a story. C．By asking questions. D．By showing some numbers. 2．What does the Family app do after you choose an answer? A．It provides reasons for the best answer. B．It suggests another problem to solve. C．It contacts your parents immediately. D．It rewards you with points. 3．How do teenagers use the Family app? A．They can send an email to their parents on it. B．They can take online classes on it. C．They choose gifts for their parents on it. D．They choose answers to different problems on it. 4．Who can use the Family app? A．The parents. B．The teenagers. C．Both the parents and the teenagers. D．Neither the parents nor the teenagers. 5．What can we learn from the Family app? A．It shows why people get angry. B．It teaches children how to argue with others. C．It gives family ideas for free-time activities. D．It helps family members understand each other better. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个能帮助人们改善家庭关系的非常有用的应用程序。 1．推理判断题。通读第一段可知，此段先是提出两个问题“Do you argue with your parents about making your bed or cleaning your room? Are your parents angry because you use the Internet or play with your friends outside all the time?”，然后再引出本文要介绍的“Family app”，由此可知作者是以提问题来开始这篇文章的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“The app tells you why the answer is the best and why the other options aren’t so good.”可知，选择答案后，应用程序会说明最佳答案的原因和其他选项不好的理由，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“You read different kinds of problems and then choose an answer from different options (选项).”可知，青少年使用该应用程序是阅读不同问题并从选项中选答案。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“With the Family app, teenagers and parents look at family arguments from both sides and solve their problems together.”可知，父母和青少年都可以使用这个软件。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“The app gives you advice and helps you get on well with your parents. It also helps your parents to understand you better.”可知，这个应用程序不仅可以给你提供建议，帮助你与父母相处融洽，还可以帮助你的父母更好地了解你，由此可知这个应用程序有助于家庭成员更好地了解彼此。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·河北沧州·期末）Winter has arrived. The temperature has dropped below 10° C． Do you want to complain (抱怨) that you still have to go to school on such cold days? You should know about the life in Oymyakon, Russia. Oymyakon is famous as the coldest village in the world. During the winter, the average (平均) temperature is -50°C． The village recorded the lowest in 2013: -72°C． Amos Chapple is a reporter from New Zealand. In 2015 he traveled to Oymyakon to see what life was like there. He said, “It’s hard to take pictures. My camera would often get too cold to work properly.” About 500 people live in Oymyakon now. The living condition is terrible, but people ride bikes and even go swimming. Fish markets are open. Frozen (冷冻的) fish stand in boxes. People in heavy winter clothing walk by them. It’s impossible to grow crops in Oymyakon. The local food is mostly meat. The meat is sometimes eaten frozen. The local people like cold food in fact. And the freezing weather doesn’t stop children from going to the classroom. Usually, schools in Oymyakon won’t close until the temperature drops to -52°. 1．What’s the average temperature in Oymyakon in winter? A．-10°C． B．-46°C． C．-50°C． D．-72°C． 2．Why did Amos Chapple go on a trip to Oymyakon? A．To take more pictures. B．To enjoy the beautiful lake. C．To look for frozen fish. D．To see what life was like there. 3．What can we find about Oymyakon from the text? A．People can grow crops. B．People never go swimming. C．About 1.500 people live there now. D．Schools close when the temperature is below -52°C． 4．Which is the structure (结构) of the text? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了世界上最冷的地方——位于俄罗斯的奥伊米亚康。 1．细节理解题。根据“During the winter, the average (平均) temperature is -10°C.”可知奥伊米亚康冬天的平均温度是零下五十度。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“In 2015 he traveled to Oymyakon to see what life was like there.”可知，记者Amos Chapple去那里是为了“看看那里的人是怎么生活的”，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Usually, schools in Oymyakon won’t close until the temperature drops to -52 ℃.”可知，奥伊米亚康的学校在气温降至零下52℃后关闭。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章先介绍世界上最冷的地方奥伊米亚康，再依次介绍具体情况，是总分结构，故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·河北衡水·期末）A helpful and friendly society is good for everyone’s development, but how can we build it? Firstly, we can start with our community (社区) that we live in. Here are some ways to build a friendly and helpful community. Always be kind to your neighbors. This means you should speak to them in a friendly way. And it also means being willing to lend a hand when they need help. Be understanding towards your neighbors. This means paying attention (注意) to their needs and worries. We shouldn’t just say and do what we want to say and do. Work together to create a friendly and supportive (支持的) community. This means joining in community events and activities. We should also be willing to communicate openly and honestly with our neighbors and work together to solve problems and face challenges. After learning about these ways, let’s start by building strong relationships with our neighbors. 1．How many ways does the passage give to build a great community? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Parents. B．Friends. C．Neighbors. D．Old people. 3．What does the sentence “Be understanding towards your neighbors” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Bring a lot of happiness to your neighbors. B．Care about your neighbors’ needs and worries. C．Offer delicious food and drinks to your neighbors. D．Share different feelings with your neighbors. 4．What is the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①/②③④⑤ C．①/②/③④⑤ D．①②③④/⑤ 5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Importance of a Community B．Ways to Build a Friendly Community C．How to Get Along with Neighbors D．Community Events and Activities 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了构建友好互助社区的几种方法，包括善待邻居、理解邻居需求以及共同参与社区活动等。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“Always be kind to your neighbors.”以及“Be understanding towards your neighbors.”以及“Work together to create a friendly and supportive (支持的) community.”可知，文章提出了3种方法来建立一个良好的社区，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Always be kind to your neighbors. This means you should speak to them in a friendly way.”可知，要善待邻居，要用一种友好的方式和他们说话，此处“them”指代前一句的“neighbors”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“This means paying attention (注意) to their needs and worries. We shouldn’t just say and do what we want to say and do.”可知，理解邻居即关注其需求和担忧。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。根据整个文章的理解可知，文章第一段提出主题，第二、三、四段分别列举不同的方法，最后一段再次总结呼吁，对应选项A。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。根据全文的理解可知，全文围绕“如何构建友好社区”展开，列举具体方法，与选项B“Ways to Build a Friendly Community”完全契合。故选B。 Passage 5 （24-25八年级下·河北张家口·期末）Do you know plants can communicate with each other? In many people’s eyes, plants are quiet. They can’t talk. They can’t walk. And they can’t think like us. But is this really true? A TV show, The Green Planet, gives us a new look at plants. Shown on Bilibili, it tells the lives of plants, and the wonderful and unbelievable ways that plants work. Plants contend against each other to live. In the rainforests, different kinds of plants race for sunlight. The forest floor is described as a “battlefield”. Only two percent of the sunlight gets through it. Some plants spread (扩展) their big leaves to reach light. But other plants may catch them up and get a lift. Finally, they are both overtaken (超过) by a fast-growing tree. In the same way, some trees may give out something to protect themselves. Plants also help each other and even communicate. In deserts, if a tree finds water, it will share it with others. Studies also show that plants use fungus (真菌) in the soil as a way to “talk” to each other. It’s kind of like how Wi-Fi works. If a tomato plant gets ill, it can tell closer plants about it. The TV show not only makes us amazed at the plant world, but also pushes us to understand that plants are important. Just as David, the director (导演) of the show says, “All life depends on plants. We depend on them to eat and breathe (呼吸).” It’s time to look after wild plants just as carefully as our houseplants. 1．What does the TV show The Green Planet mainly show us? A．How plants talk. B．The wonders of plants. C．How to grow plants. D．The way of protecting plans. 2．What does the underlined word “contend” probably mean in the text? A．Push. B．Protect. C．Increase. D．Compete. 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Why plants get sick. B．How plants find water. C．How plants help each other. D．Why plants talk to each other. 4．What can we know from David’s words? A．Plants are hard to research. B．Indoor plants need more care. C．Many wild plants are endangered. D．Plants play a big role in our lives. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．Amazing Plants B．Plants Never Talk C．Let’s Grow Plants D．Plants Are Different 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了植物之间的交流与竞争行为，通过纪录片《绿色星球》揭示了植物世界的奇妙现象及其对人类的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据“A TV show, The Green Planet, gives us a new look at plants. Shown on Bilibili, it tells the lives of plants, and the wonderful and unbelievable ways that plants work.”可知，该节目主要展示植物的奇妙特性。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Plants contend against each other to live. In the rainforests, different kinds of plants race for sunlight. The forest floor is described as a ‘battlefield’.”可知，植物之间为了生存而相互竞争，在热带雨林中，各种各样的植物竞相争夺阳光，而森林的地面被描述为一个“战场”。划线词汇contend意为“竞争”，与compete近义。故选D。 3．段落大意题。根据第四段“Plants also help each other and even communicate...”可知，本段核心是植物间的互助行为。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Just as David, the director (导演) of the show says, ‘All life depends on plants. We depend on them to eat and breathe (呼吸).’”可知，导演大卫说“所有生命都依赖植物，我们依靠它们获取食物和呼吸”，他强调了植物对人类生存的关键作用。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。全文围绕植物的奇妙能力（竞争、互助、通信）展开，A“神奇的植物”符合文意，为最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 6 （24-25八年级下·河北张家口·期末）In Britain, some people say they will do anything if a famous person they love asks them to. One in three people in Britain have a new kind of disease (病)—They love a famous person too much. Some people love famous stars like Britney Spears, David Beckham or even Tony Blair. It is not just the young, but grown-ups have the same problem. One in four people are so interested in their heroes (英雄) that it affects (影响) their life. There are two ways of worshipping (崇拜) famous people. One way is just to follow them or talk about them with friends for fun. The other is a more serious way. People have very strong feelings for them and think they are their friends. People who do so for fun are found to be happier. But those who have strong feelings for a famous person are perhaps to feel more lonely and worried. “Worshipping famous people is certainly not a bad thing,” said Dr. John, an expert, “but like many things, overdoing (过分追求) it may not always be good for you.” 1．How many people in Britain have got this kind of disease? A．About one third.B．About a quarter. C．More than a half. D．About three hundred. 2．What does the writers think of the two ways to show love to a famous person? A．The first one is better. B．The second one is better. C．Neither of them is good. D．Both of them are good. 3．Those who have strong feelings for a famous person may feel ________. A．happy B．funny C．worried D．strong 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned (提到)? A．David Beckham. B．Tony Blair. C．Jackie Chan. D．Britney Spears. 5．Dr. John tells us ________. A．loving famous people is a good thing B．overdoing something may bring some trouble C．we mustn’t show love to anybody or anything D．famous people are common people 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了在英国，有三分之一的人患有一种“过度喜爱名人”的新型疾病，阐述了人们崇拜名人的两种方式及其不同影响，并引用专家的话指出过分崇拜名人并非好事。 1．细节理解题。根据“One in three people in Britain have a new kind of disease (病)—They love a famous person too much.”可知，英国约有三分之一的人患有这种疾病，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“People who do so for fun are found to be happier. But those who have strong feelings for a famous person are perhaps to feel more lonely and worried.”可知，作者认为第一种以乐趣为目的的崇拜方式更好，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“But those who have strong feelings for a famous person are perhaps to feel more lonely and worried.”可知，对名人有强烈感情的人可能会感到担忧，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Some people love famous stars like Britney Spears, David Beckham or even Tony Blair.”可知，文中提到了Britney Spears、David Beckham和Tony Blair，没有提到Jackie Chan，故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“‘Worshipping famous people is certainly not a bad thing,’ said Dr. John, an expert, ‘but like many things, overdoing (过分追求) it may not always be good for you.’”可知，John博士告诉我们过分做某事可能会带来一些麻烦，故选B。 Passage 7 （24-25八年级下·河北廊坊·期末）①Doing chores is a normal part of growing up. Here is how children around the world take them on . ②In Spain (西班牙), doing chores is not just a family responsibility (责任); it is also a law (法律). In 2014, the Spanish government made a law that asks children to join in housework. The country has a history of taking chores seriously. In 2005, the government made some rules to ask men to help out at home. ③In Mexico (墨西哥), helping with chores is natural. Some scientists study how children in common families in Mexico help with chores. They have learned that children in these homes are very nice around the house. They often do chores in their free time. ④In China, people usually ask children to do chores. However, as people have paid attention to children’s schoolwork in recent years, many school students hardly help with chores and have few life skills. To solve the problem, the Chinese government introduced new standards (标准) for labor (劳动) education in 2022. Students need to learn different chores such as cleaning and cooking at different ages. ⑤In all these countries, children play their part. So, make your bed every day and help with the chores 1．What is right about chores in Spain? A．Men never do chores. B．Only women do chores. C．People take chores seriously. D．Parents make rules of doing chores. 2．What do scientists find in common families in Mexico? A．These families are very poor. B．Children often do chores in free time. C．Children can work out their problems. D．Children in these families get good grades. 3．What do the underlined words “paid attention to” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Cared about. B．Handed out. C．Parted with. D．Put off. 4．What would be the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．When should children do chores? B．What chores should children do? C．How often should children do chores? D．How do children around the world do chores? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各地儿童如何承担家务的情况，包括西班牙、墨西哥和中国等国家的具体做法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The country has a history of taking chores seriously.”可知，在西班牙，人们认真对待家务，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They have learned that children in these homes are very nice around the house. They often do chores in their free time.”可知，科学家发现在墨西哥普通家庭中，孩子们经常在空闲时间做家务，故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“However, as people have paid attention to children’s schoolwork in recent years, many school students hardly help with chores and have few life skills.”可知，近年来，由于人们更加关注孩子的学业，许多学生几乎不帮忙做家务，缺乏生活技能。根据语境可知，此处表示“关注，关心”，与Cared about意思相近，故选A。 4．篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，第一段总述做家务是成长过程中正常的一部分，并引出世界各地儿童如何承担家务这一主题；第二、三、四段分别介绍了西班牙、墨西哥和中国三个国家儿童做家务的情况；第五段总结全文，鼓励儿童每天整理床铺并帮忙做家务。因此，文章的结构为“总—分—总”，故选C。 5．最佳标题题。全文围绕“不同国家的孩子如何参与家务”展开，重点介绍各国的不同情况。因此D选项“世界各地的孩子如何做家务”最符合主旨。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $