专题04 阅读理解（说明文)（期末真题汇编，北京专用）七年级英语下学期

**基本信息** 精选北京多区七年级下期末说明文阅读真题，围绕科普知识、身心健康等生活化主题，通过细节理解、词义猜测等题型考查语言能力与思维品质。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|每篇3-4题|细节理解（如迷迭香种植条件）、词义猜测（如“injure”“rein in”）、主旨大意（如“时间吞噬怪兽”寓意）、作者意图（如健康饮食建议）|以“室内植物种植”“冬季跑步益处”等真实情境设题，融入“protégé effect”等跨学科概念，梯度设计从基础信息提取到逻辑推理|

专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25七年级下·北京海淀·期末）Do you want to grow plants in your home during the cold weather? If so, you may want to use some plants to make your home smell nice. We are talking about two kinds of indoor plants: rosemary (迷迭香) and bay laurel (月桂). Both plants have good smell and it’s easy for you to plant them inside your home. You just put them near a window in the cold weather. As long as the temperature (温度) is warm in your house and you keep watering them, they will grow well. Both rosemary and bay laurel come from the warm places of the world. The area is cool but not cold during winter because it gets lots of sunlight For rosemary, water level is very important. You can’t water it too much. The plant needs a little wet soil (土壤). But too much water will injure the plant. It will grow slowly or even die. You can plant rosemary in the soil with some sand. The sand doesn’t keep much water, so this kind of soil will be the best place for rosemary to grow. If you want to grow bay laurel inside, you can cut unwanted branches (枝杈) from the plant as it grows and make it look like a small tree. The plant will not die if you do this. Bay laurel has dark green leaves. it produces a nice smell when you cut its leaves. When you add them to the soup, it will taste better. Remember to wash the leaves before you put them into your dishes. So bay laurel is not only a plant, but also a kind of food. 1．Rosemary and bay laurel can_________. A．grow without water B．make your house warm C．live in the soil with ice D．make your room smell nice 2．What does the underlined (划线的) word “injure” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Keep. B．Help. C．Hurt. D．Hit 3．What can you do to help bay laurel grow better like a small tree? A．Move it to a warm room. B．Give it a lot of water every day. C．Plant it in sand without soil. D．Cut off some of its long branches. 4．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To call on people to do some gardening B．To share two kinds of indoor plants in winter C．To ask people to plant more plants at home. D．To tell us how to look for rosemary and bay laurel 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了迷迭香和月桂两种适合冬季在室内种植的植物，包括它们的气味、生长条件、养护方法以及月桂的食用价值等。 1．细节理解题。根据“We are talking about two kinds of indoor plants: rosemary and bay laurel. Both plants have good smell”可知，迷迭香和月桂能让房间气味好闻。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“You can’t water it too much. The plant needs a little wet soil. But too much water will injure the plant. It will grow slowly or even die.”可知，浇水太多会伤害植物，使其生长缓慢甚至死亡，“injure”意为“伤害”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“If you want to grow bay laurel inside, you can cut unwanted branches from the plant as it grows and make it look like a small tree.”可知，剪掉月桂多余的枝条能帮助它长得像小树。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Do you want to grow plants in your home during the cold weather? If so, you may want to use some plants to make your home smell nice. We are talking about two kinds of indoor plants: rosemary and bay laurel.”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了介绍两种冬季室内植物。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25七年级下·北京门头沟·期末）We all know the old saying: “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” But have you ever met the “Time-Eating Monster”? This invisible creature (生物) sneaks into your life secretly when you study all day without breaks, slowly stealing (偷) your happiness and energy. Just like phones need charging (充电), our brains need rest and play. Scientists have discovered something wonderful about play. At Sunshine Middle School, researchers found that students who balanced study time with playtime scored 20% higher on tests than those who only studied. Why does this happen? First, when you play sports or games, your body produces special chemicals that help your brain remember things better. Second, laughing with friends quickly reduces stress—it works like magic! Even simple activities like walking the dog or riding a bike can refresh your mind. However, not all play is good play. Sitting for hours watching videos or playing phone games doesn’t really help—it’s like feeding the Time-Eating Monster! You might feel more tired. Real play should leave you feeling happy and full of energy. Here are some great ideas: Team sports (basketball, soccer) Creative activities (drawing, music) Helping with cooking or gardening Exploring nature with friends Remember, the Time-Eating Monster hates it when you have balanced days. If you study for 40 minutes, take a 10-minute play break. Your brain will thank you, and you’ll find that learning becomes easier and more fun. After all, life isn’t just about books—it’s about growing healthily in both body and mind! 1．According to the passage, what might happen if a boy never takes play breaks? A．His scores will improve a lot. B．He will be full of confidence and happiness. C．He will have more time to watch videos and play games. D．The “Time-Eating Monster” will make him tired and unhappy. 2．Why does the writer give examples of activities in Paragraph 3? A．To teach cooking and gardening skills. B．To suggest video games are bad for students. C．To show what kinds of play are truly helpful. D．To tell us outdoor fun is better than indoor fun. 3．Which is the best title for this passage? A．Studying Hard All the Time B．The Problem with Video Games C．School Tests and Good Grades D．Work and Play: Beat the Time Monster 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻”展开，引出“吞噬时间的怪物”这一概念。建议平衡学习和玩耍时间，让身心都健康成长。 1．细节理解题。根据“This invisible creature (生物)...slowly stealing (偷) your happiness and energy.”可知，如果男孩从不玩耍休息，“吞噬时间的怪物”会偷走他的快乐和精力，让他疲惫和不开心，故选D。 2．推理判断题。第三段先指出并非所有玩耍都有益，像长时间看视频、玩手机游戏没有帮助，接着说“Real play should leave you feeling happy and full of energy. Here are some great ideas”，然后列举团队运动、创意活动等，目的是展示哪些玩耍是真正有帮助的，故选C。 3．最佳标题题。文章围绕学习和玩耍展开，讲要平衡二者，战胜“吞噬时间的怪物”，D选项“Work and Play: Beat the Time Monster”契合主旨，故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25七年级下·北京朝阳·期末） Why Do We Love Sweets? Have you ever wondered why you often want something sweet after a meal, even when you’re full? Scientists have been studying this question, and their findings are quite interesting. The sweet signal (信号) In February 2025, scientists did experiments to find out the reason behind the love for sweets. Take mice as an example. When a mouse is full, some parts in its brain (脑) tell it to stop eating. However, other parts make the mouse want to eat sweet food, even though it is already full. This shows that the love for sweets is natural for many animals, including humans. How the brain balances hunger Our brain has a special part that works like a “hunger manager” (饥饿管理者). It checks how much energy (力量) the body has. When we eat enough food and have enough energy, this part sends signals to tell us to stop eating. In this way, it helps manage hunger. The challenge of cutting down sweets Scientists thought that if they could make people want less sweet food, it might help improve their health. There was once a kind of medicine that made people lose interest in sweet food and helped people become thin, but it also made people feel sad and lose interest in other things. Then this medicine was no longer on the market. This suggests that enjoying sweet food may support our mental (心理的) health. There’s still a lot we don’t know. We need to study more about how different sugars influence our eating. Also, we should learn how the brain works when we eat different foods. In a word, understanding the science behind our love for sweets can help us keep a balance between enjoyment and health. 1．Why did scientists do the experiments in February 2025? A．To learn how animals stay healthy. B．To find out why animals like sweets. C．To check if animals eat too much food. D．To understand how animals stop sleeping 2．According to the passage, what does the “hunger manager” do? A．It stops people from feeling sad. B．It tells people when to stop eating. C．It makes people want more sweet food. D．It helps people become thin and feel happy. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Eating sweets is bad for mental health. B．The medicine helps with healthy eating habits C．Cultural habits decide our choices on sweet foods. D．Science helps enjoy sweets while keeping healthy. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨人类和动物对甜食的喜爱及其背后的科学原理，包括大脑对饥饿的管理机制以及甜食与心理健康的关系。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“In February 2025, scientists did experiments to find out the reason behind the love for sweets.”可知，2025年2月，科学家做实验的目的是探究动物 (包括人类) 喜欢甜食的原因。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“When we eat enough food and have enough energy, this part sends signals to tell us to stop eating.”可知，当我们摄入足够食物和能量时，这部分会发出信号让我们停止进食。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“understanding the science behind our love for sweets can help us keep a balance between enjoyment and health.”可知，理解喜爱甜食的科学原理能帮助我们在享受与健康间保持平衡。由此推知，科学能帮助人们健康地享受甜食。故选D。 主题02 身心健康 Passage 1 （24-25七年级下·北京房山·期末）Do you often stay up late? Maybe you play mobile games or watch videos until very late. Then, it’s really hard for you to get up in the morning. If this is you, you’re a “night owl”. But this way of living is bad for your health. Many studies show that night owls have more health problems. A 2023 Harvard study found that night owls are more likely to have blood (血液) sugar problems than those who go to bed and wake up early. Another problem is that night owls usually don’t have enough sleep. When you sleep, your brain cleans out bad things and helps you remember lessons. But if you stay up late, your brain can’t do this well. That’s why night owls find it hard to pay attention in class or at work. Also, research shows that you sleep best when it’s dark. If you’re a night owl and go to bed late, the sun comes up soon, which breaks your sleep and lowers its quality (质量). So, how can you change your sleep habits? 1. Create a bedtime routine: About an hour before sleep, start getting ready. Turn off screens (computers or phones), because bright screens affect your sleep quality. You can read a book or listen to soft music instead. Scientists advise (建议) people to set a bedtime goal. 2. Be careful about what you eat and drink before bed: Don’t have caffeinated (含咖啡因的) drinks (like coffee or soda) because they can make it hard to fall asleep. 3. Do some easy things for good sleep: Exercise every day, but not before bed. 4. Set a regular (常规的) wake-up time: Waking up at the same hour daily helps your body adapt (适应). Try to wake up no later than 9 a.m. After about 90 days, it’ll become a habit. You’ll sleep better, feel more energetic, and be healthier. Changing your sleep schedule takes time, so be patient. In short, you should change your night-owl lifestyle. Although changing it is not easy, it’s good for your health. 1．A 2023 Harvard study found that ________. A．night owls may have blood sugar problems easily B．night owls’ brain can clean out bad things well C．night owls will sleep better than early sleepers D．night owls can pay more attention in class 2．What should people do to change their sleep habits? A．Exercise just before bedtime. B．Wake up at different hours daily. C．Turn off screens an hour before sleep. D．Drink caffeinated drinks in the evening. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose (目的) in writing this passage? A．To find out why people become night owls. B．To describe the benefits of being a night owl. C．To show the importance of getting enough sleep. D．To advise people to change their night-owl lifestyle. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了“夜猫子”生活方式的健康危害，并提供了改善睡眠习惯的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“A 2023 Harvard study found that night owls are more likely to have blood (血液) sugar problems than those who go to bed and wake up early.”可知，2023年哈佛大学研究发现，夜猫子更容易出现血糖问题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“About an hour before sleep, start getting ready. Turn off screens (computers or phones)”可知，睡前1小时应关闭电子设备。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据“In short, you should change your night-owl lifestyle. Although changing it is not easy, it’s good for your health.”可知，作者的主要目的是建议人们改变夜猫子生活方式。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25七年级下·北京房山·期末）A lot of people run to keep fit. They enjoy running on sunny and hot days. They don’t mind when their clothes get wet with sweat (汗水). But when winter comes, many people dislike running outdoors because of the cold temperatures. They prefer (更喜爱) to stay inside. However, a new study tells us something surprising. Cold weather is a good time to run! Running in the cold can help you run better. Many runners say it’s easier to run in winter than in summer. Why? First, your body doesn’t need as much water on cold days. Second, cold air feels fresh and doesn’t make you tired quickly. When you run in the cold, your heart doesn’t have to work as fast as it does in summer. John Brewer, a teacher from St. Mary’s University in London, did an interesting study. His team made a special room. This room could feel like summer or winter. They asked volunteers to run 1,000 meters twice—once in “summer” condition (环境) and once in “winter” condition. Then John and his team watched and wrote down how their bodies worked. The study shows that when we run, our body gets hot. If our body can’t get rid of this heat (热量), it’s not good for us. So we sweat to cool down, and our body sends blood to the skin. This makes our heart work harder, especially in hot weather. The study shows that running in hot weather makes our heart beat 6% faster than in cold weather. However, in cold weather, our body doesn’t need to send blood to the skin, so we use less energy than we do in hot weather. If you want to run in winter, wear appropriate (合适的) clothes. Stay dry during exercise. Don’t stay inside in winter. Just wear the right clothes and go for a run! 1．According to the passage, why do many people dislike running outdoors in winter? A．Because they sweat a lot. B．Because the weather is too cold. C．Because running fast is difficult. D．Because it’s not good for their heart. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A．The benefits of running in cold weather. B．The importance of drinking water. C．How to keep warm in winter. D．How to run in hot weather. 3．The words “get rid of” in Paragraph 4 probably mean ________. A．avoid B．collect C．lose D．produce 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了冬季跑步的好处，通过一项新研究说明在寒冷天气跑步对身体更有利，并解释了原因。 1．细节理解题。根据“But when winter comes, many people dislike running outdoors because of the cold temperatures.”可知，人们不喜欢冬天跑步的原因是天气太冷。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据“Cold weather is a good time to run! Running in the cold can help you run better.”以及本段提到的寒冷天气跑步的三点好处（身体需水量减少、空气清新不易疲劳、心脏负担减轻），可知本段主要讲述寒冷天气跑步的好处。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“If our body can’t get rid of this heat (热量), it’s not good for us. So we sweat to cool down...”可知，如果我们的身体无法散发热量，这对我们是不利的，get rid of在此处意为“摆脱、散发”，与lose“失去”意思相近。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25七年级下·北京门头沟·期末）Food plays an important role in keeping us healthy. Different cultures have their own healthy eating traditions. In Mediterranean countries, people eat lots of fresh vegetables, olive oil and fish. In Japan, meals often include rice, seafood and miso (味噌) soup. These traditional diets all share one thing in common—they include (包含) all kinds of natural foods. For teenagers, developing good eating habits is especially important because their bodies are still growing. Eating different kinds of food provides all the nutrients they need. Colorful fruits and vegetables give us vitamins and fiber (纤维), while meat, eggs and beans provide protein (蛋白质) for muscle growth. Whole grains (谷物) like brown rice and whole wheat (小麦) bread give us long-lasting energy. However, eating too much junk food like chips, candy and fast food can lead to health problems and make you feel tired. Experts suggest following the “healthy plate” rule: fill half your plate with fruits and vegetables, one quarter with whole grains, and one quarter with protein foods like fish, chicken or tofu. Don’t forget to drink plenty of water instead of sugary drinks! Remember, what you eat changes not just your physical health but also your mood and ability to learn in school. By making smart food choices every day, you’ll have more energy to study, play sports and enjoy life! 1．According to the passage, what is a common thing of traditional healthy diets? A．They have all fast food and vegetables. B．They include all kinds of natural foods. C．They don’t include fruits and grains. D．They mainly include meat and bread. 2．The word “nutrients” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _________. A．delicious tastes B．things in food that keep us healthy C．expensive protein D．all kinds of health and food problems 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To teach how to cook traditional foods. B．To explain why junk food is unhealthy. C．To compare different countries’ eating habits. D．To encourage healthy eating habits for teenagers. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了健康饮食的重要性，并列举了不同文化的健康饮食传统，特别强调了青少年养成良好饮食习惯的必要性。 1．细节理解题。根据“These traditional diets all share one thing in common—they include (包含) all kinds of natural foods.”可知，传统健康饮食的共同点是包含天然食物。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Colorful fruits and vegetables give us vitamins and fiber (纤维), while meat, eggs and beans provide protein (蛋白质) for muscle growth.”可知，吃不同种类的食物可以提供他们所需的所有营养物质。“nutrients”的意思是“营养”，与选项B意思相近。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文并根据“For teenagers, developing good eating habits is especially important”可知，本文主要介绍了健康饮食的重要性，并列举了不同文化的健康饮食传统，特别强调了青少年养成良好饮食习惯的必要性。即作者的写作目的是鼓励青少年养成健康饮食习惯。故选D。 主题01 学习策略 Passage 1 （24-25七年级下·北京西城·期末）You might think studying is something you should do alone. However, does it mean you should never try studying with someone? Actually, having a study buddy, a friend who studies with you and makes you stay excited about learning, can really help you learn better One of the best things about having a study buddy is that you get to collaborate. When you put two minds together, problem-solving becomes faster and more creative. Imagine you both want to improve your writing. Your friend might be able to see words you’ve misspelt, and you could help correct your friend’s grammar mistakes. Then, you could discuss and add finishing touches to your written work. What’s more, problems become opportunities. Maybe your buddy is good at English but finds math difficult, while it’s the other way around for you. When you teach your friend how to solve a math problem, you start understanding it better. Scientists call this the “protégé effect”. It means one can get smarter by helping someone else learn. With a study buddy, it’s easier to stay motivated (有驱动力的). By asking questions like, “Did you finish the reading?” or “Ready to quiz each other?”, you are holding each other accountable (负有责任的). This makes sure that both of you have your goals in mind and are doing your best. The benefits of having a study buddy don’t end here. If you’re ready to give it a try, here’s how to start: Choosing the right partner (同伴) matters. Look for someone who balances your strengths and weaknesses. If you are a creative thinker but poor at making plans, team up with a buddy who’s good at planning and managing (管理) time. Set achievable goals, such as learning 10 new words daily or reading one book every month. Set clear rules, like meeting weekly and never putting tasks off until the last minute. Don’t forget to celebrate small wins. Treat yourselves if both of you do well on an exam. Remember, a study buddy isn’t just a homework helper—they are your partner in growth. By working together, you can get through challenges and discover the joy of learning as a team. So, pair up, and get ready to level up your grades—and your friendship! 1．According to the passage, a study buddy ________. A．helps you to improve your study B．does all of the difficult work for you C．stays more excited about learning than you 2．The underlined word “collaborate” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A．challenge someone B．chat with others C．work with each other 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 3 about the “protégé effect”? A．Teaching others makes you a better learner. B．Helping others learn brings you more friends. C．Solving math problems improves your memory. 4．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．You’re more likely to put tasks off with a study buddy. B．People with the same study habits make great study buddies. C．A good study buddy not only helps you but also lets you help them. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了学习伙伴的好处以及如何选择合适的学习伙伴。 1．细节理解题。根据“Actually, having a study buddy, a friend who studies with you and makes you stay excited about learning, can really help you learn better”可知，拥有一个学习伙伴确实能帮助你学得更好。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“One of the best things about having a study buddy is that you get to collaborate. When you put two minds together, problem-solving becomes faster and more creative.”可知，当你们集思广益时解决问题会更快且更有创造性，结合后文提到互相修改写作的例子，可推知collaborate意为“相互合作”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“When you teach your friend how to solve a math problem, you start understanding it better. Scientists call this the “protégé effect”. It means one can get smarter by helping someone else learn.”可知，当你教朋友解决数学问题时，你自己也会理解得更透彻，科学家称之为“门徒效应”，即教别人学习能让自己成为更好的学习者。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“Your friend might be able to see words you’ve misspelt, and you could help correct your friend’s grammar mistakes.”和“Choosing the right partner (同伴) matters. Look for someone who balances your strengths and weaknesses.”可知，作者认为好的学习伙伴既能帮助你，也能让你帮助他们，两者互相帮助。故选C。 主题02 科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25七年级下·北京顺义·期末）We all know that a late-night coffee is a bad idea if you want a good night’s sleep. But could your whole day’s diet also affect how well you rest? Well, a new study from the University of Tsukuba in Japan has found that what we eat may affect how we sleep. Different nutrients (营养物质), such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats and fiber (纤维), might affect our sleep, suggesting that changing our diet could be a way to sleep better. The study looked at the diets and sleep patterns of almost 5,000 people. The data was collected by asking people to use two apps—Asken, where users record what they ate during the day, and Pokemon Sleep, which records sleep habits. The researchers looked at the people’s sleep time, how long it took to fall asleep, and how often they woke up at night. Then, they compared this information with what people were eating. The study found that people who ate more protein (蛋白质) slept about 10 minutes longer than those who ate less. On the other hand, people who ate more fats slept for a shorter time and woke up more often at night. Those with a diet high in carbohydrates (碳水化合物) were less likely to wake up during the night, while people having more fiber fell asleep faster and slept longer. And a diet high in sodium—from salty foods—and low in potassium—found in fruits and vegetables—was linked (联系) with poorer sleep. Of course, the study isn’t perfect. It doesn’t show that diet directly causes these changes. And some other things, such as how much soft drinks people drink or their stress levels, weren’t included. But it does suggest that what we eat could play an important role in sleep health. So if you’re having trouble getting to sleep at night, instead of counting sheep, maybe it’s time to start thinking about the nutrients you ate during the day! 1．According to the passage, what can affect people’s sleep? A．Sleeping habits. B．Sleeping places. C．The diet of a person. D．The order of eating. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Having more fiber makes people likely to have a good rest B．Eating more fats may help a person get a good night’s sleep C．A diet high in protein is more likely linked with poorer sleep D．A diet high in carbohydrates may make people wake up often. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage us to change our eating habits B．To remind us to pay attention to our diet. C．To share some advice on getting healthy. D．To compare nutrients’ effects on health. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 【导语】本文通过日本筑波大学的研究，揭示了日常饮食中不同营养素与睡眠质量之间的关联，指出均衡摄入特定营养素可能改善睡眠 1．推理判断题。文章开篇提出饮食可能影响睡眠的疑问，并通过日本研究证实不同营养素与睡眠质量相关，因此饮食是主要影响因素。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“while people having more fiber fell asleep faster and slept longer.”可知，摄入更多纤维的人入睡更快，睡眠时间也更长，故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据“So if you’re having trouble getting to sleep at night, instead of counting sheep, maybe it’s time to start thinking about the nutrients you ate during the day!”及全文的内容可知，全文通过研究数据说明饮食与睡眠的关联，结尾建议失眠者“思考每日营养摄入”，核心目的是提醒关注饮食对睡眠的影响。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25七年级下·北京东城·期末）Have you ever broken something and then tried to fix it? If you have, you know how a jigsaw puzzle works. A jigsaw puzzle has many small pieces. When you fit the pieces together in the right way, you make a complete picture. In 1760, a mapmaker named John Spilsbury came up with an idea. He pasted (粘贴) a map onto wood. Then, he cut the wood along the borders of each country. The map turned into many pieces. Spilsbury gave these puzzle pieces to the children. They had to put the map back together. While doing this, they learned which countries were next to each other. Spilsbury wanted to help children learn geography, and his idea worked well. Many people liked Spilsbury’s puzzles, so others started to make them too. They wanted to find faster ways to cut the pieces. A new tool called a jigsaw helped them do this. This saw made it easier to cut the shapes. After that, people started to call these puzzles jigsaw puzzles. At first, making puzzles took a long time because people had to paste pictures on wood. But in the late 1800s, new dyes (染料) and less money needed for printing made it possible to produce the jigsaw puzzles much more quickly. As a result, more people started to buy them. Puzzles became more popular as they changed and grew. The pictures were not just maps—they showed famous places, fairy tales, and more. Puzzles were cheap, and people could reuse them many times or trade them with friends. This made puzzles fun for everyone! Puzzle makers then made something new: 3D puzzles. Instead of flat pictures, these puzzles let people build models (模型) that stood up, like houses. This added even more excitement. Puzzles are great for learning. They teach children about shapes, colours, and how to pay attention to a task. Completing puzzles also helps creative thinking and improves skills like reading maps. Even better, puzzles can make your memory stronger! Today, puzzles come in all sizes—some have just 10 pieces for kids, while others have 1,000 for adults. Puzzles can be quick and easy or more difficult and take longer to complete. The best part is putting that last piece in place! With patience, anyone can finish a puzzle. That’s why people of all ages love them! 1．Why did John Spilsbury make the first puzzle? A．To teach kids to learn different shapes. B．To help kids know how countries connect. C．To give kids a fun activity to do with their parents. D．To let kids see famous places in different countries. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Cheaper production made puzzles more popular. B．People stopped using wooden puzzles after 1800. C．3D puzzles are the most popular jigsaw puzzles now. D．Children like playing jigsaw puzzles more than adults. 3．Which of the following would be the best title (标题) for the passage? A．Jigsaw Puzzles: Where Your Mind Meets Creativity B．Jigsaw Puzzles: What Makes Them a Learning Tool C．Jigsaw Puzzles: Why They Became a Popular Activity D．Jigsaw Puzzles: How They Pieced Their Way Into Our Lives 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文讲述了拼图的发展历程及其受欢迎的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据“They had to put the map back together. While doing this, they learned which countries were next to each other. Spilsbury wanted to help children learn geography, and his idea worked well.”可知John Spilsbury制作第一个拼图是为了帮助孩子们了解各国是如何相连的，也就是了解地理知识。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“But in the late 1800s, new dyes (染料) and less money needed for printing made it possible to produce the jigsaw puzzles much more quickly. As a result, more people started to buy them.”可知便宜的生产成本使得拼图的生产速度加快，更多人开始购买，即更便宜的生产使拼图更受欢迎。故选A。 3．最佳标题题。本文讲述了拼图的发展历程及其受欢迎的原因，以选项D“拼图：它们是如何融入我们生活的”为标题最合适。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25七年级下·北京通州·期末）If your friend had a problem, you would probably try to help. But did you know that animals also help each other, and in all kinds of unusual ways? In a recent documentary (纪录片) about animals, a zoologist (动物学家) explained that scientists were learning a lot about the ways that animals behaved. For example, he said that when he had studied a group of dolphins, he had seen something unusual. Dolphins need air to survive (生存). When one of the dolphins in the group was hurt (伤害) and too weak to swim to the top of the water, several dolphins quickly swam under it and pushed it to the top of the water where it could get air. Then, they held it there until it was strong enough to swim alone. Another example of animals helping each other was reported by a scientist in Kenya. The scientist was watching a local elephant eating some leaves from a tree. Suddenly, another elephant arrived. Animals often attack (袭击) other animals that enter their area and eat their food, but what happened next surprised the scientist. The second elephant was hurt and couldn't get its own food, so the first elephant got some leaves from the tree and put them into the injured (受伤的) elephant’s mouth. In the third example, an adult bird adopted (收养) an abandoned (被抛弃的) kitten. The tiny kitten couldn’t find any food, so the bird gave it insects to eat. Believe it or not, the hungry kitten was happy to eat them! The well-meaning bird also defended (保护) the kitten when anyone or anything came near. Today, scientists agree that animals can be kind and considerate, but they are not sure why animals act this way. Certainly, when animals attack or kill another creature, they do it to survive. So, when animals help one another, does it also improve their chances of survival or are they just being nice? These are just some of the questions that scientists are still trying to answer. 1．In the first example, when a dolphin couldn’t swim to the top of the water, ________. A．it died in the water B．the other animals ate it C．it stayed in the water to get the air D．the other dolphins managed to help it 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．The elephants like living together in Kenya. B．The birds are afraid of abandoned kittens. C．Animals want to continue to live when they attack other animals. D．The scientists know why animals help one another. 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．The importance of living together for animals. B．Several ways of helping each other in the animal world. C．The relationship between human beings and animals. D．Reasons for improving animals’ chances of survival. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了动物之间以各种不同寻常的方式相互帮助的几个例子，并提及科学家对动物这种行为原因的探索。 1．细节理解题。根据“When one of the dolphins in the group was hurt and too weak to swim to the top of the water, several dolphins quickly swam under it and pushed it to the top of the water where it could get air. Then, they held it there until it was strong enough to swim alone.”可知，当一只海豚无法游到水面时，其他海豚设法帮助了它。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“Certainly, when animals attack or kill another creature, they do it to survive.”可知，动物袭击其他动物是为了生存。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。文章通过海豚、大象和鸟的例子，讲述了动物之间相互帮助的不同方式，围绕动物界中几种相互帮助的方式展开。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25七年级下·北京通州·期末） Being Open to Change: A Chance to Grow Change is a part of life that people experience every day. From our first steps to the new challenges at school, change helps shape who we are. Although our minds sometimes prefer familiar (相似的) routines, learning to get used to change is important for our personal growth. Many of us feel uneasy when faced with something new. For example, some students hesitate to join a new club or try a different subject because they worry about failure (失败). This fear (恐惧，担心) often stops us from exploring opportunities (机会) that could help us improve and make our lives more interesting. Change is not difficult in itself. The fear of change holds us back from reaching our full ability. Luckily, there are ways to help us feel less worried about the unknown. One effective way is to take small steps toward a new goal. By focusing on (专注于) one change at a time, such as reading one new book each month or joining one activity, we can gradually build our confidence. Talking with friends, teachers, or family members about our worries also helps us see new ideas and get support. Besides, taking a moment to think about our successes and the positive parts of our lives can replace fear with excitement and strong will. Many people have discovered that when they let go of their fear, they open themselves up to exciting opportunities. A student who once stayed away from public speaking may find that a small step forward brings more self-confidence, or a shy person may slowly become more active in group activities. Being open to change is not always easy, but every small step can lead to a brighter future. Change is not something to be feared. Instead, it is a chance to learn, grow, and discover a new and better self. 1．What does the writer think of change? A．It is very special. B．It stops our personal happiness. C．It happens to everyone. D．It makes people have less progress. 2．What does the word “hesitate” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Become brave. B．Feel uncertain and are slow to act. C．Get excited. D．Look confident and decide easily. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Focusing on a few changes at a time can help us feel less worried about the new things. B．Students need to change their communication ways when they talk with their teachers. C．Thinking about our achievements is a useful way to reduce the fear of change. D．Shy people need more fear to make them more active. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to face change bravely. B．To discuss the opportunities of facing change. C．To advise people to stay away from change. D．To tell people to explore the change of the future. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文讨论了变化的普遍性和重要性，指出虽然变化常引发不安，但通过小步尝试、寻求支持和关注积极面，可以克服恐惧。作者强调变化是成长和发现更好自我的机会，鼓励人们勇敢面对。 1．细节理解题。根据“Change is a part of life that people experience every day.”可知，作者认为变化是每个人都会遇到的。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“For example, some students hesitate to join a new club or try a different subject because they worry about failure (失败).”可知，学生因为担心失败而犹豫要不要加入新社团或尝试新学科，所以hesitate意为“犹豫不决、行动迟缓”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Besides, taking a moment to think about our successes and the positive parts of our lives can replace fear with excitement and strong will.”可知，作者认为回顾成就是减少对变化恐惧的有效方法。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Change is not something to be feared. Instead, it is a chance to learn, grow, and discover a new and better self.”可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是为了鼓励人们勇敢面对变化。故选A。 Passage 5 （24-25七年级下·北京大兴·期末）Understanding tomorrow’s weather forecast (预报) can help you plan your day well when you’re going for work, planning a family outing, or just deciding what to wear. The Importance of Weather Forecasts Weather forecasts are important for us. They help us prepare for different weather such as rain, snow, sunshine, or storms. Knowing the weather forecast helps everyone make smart choices. These choices can affect our safety when going out and the efficiency (效率) of our work. How to Make Weather Forecasts Weather scientists use the information from satellites, radar tools and computer models to make weather forecasts. They need to get data (数据) about things like what the temperature is, how wet the air is, how fast the wind is blowing, and how much rain or snow is falling. They also get the information from different places, like weather stations on land and special buoys (浮漂) in the sea. What to Look For in Tomorrow’s Forecast When checking (查看) tomorrow’s weather forecast, we should focus on the key elements (元素): temperature (highs and lows), precipitation (chance of rain), wind speed/direction, and so on. These elements will help you make better plans for the following day—whether (是否) you need an umbrella or sunglasses. Where to Find Reliable (可靠的) Information There are several reliable sources (来源) for checking tomorrow’s weather forecast including local news stations (TV/radio), weather websites like NOAA or Weather. com, and mobile apps like AccuWeather or The Weather Channel. These websites or apps usually update the data every hour. That’s really useful because the weather can be greatly different in a day. Knowing what the weather will be like the next day helps you pick the right clothes to wear. It also prepares you for activities that may be affected by the weather. If you check reliable sources for tomorrow’s weather forecast and keep in mind that it might change, you’ll be more ready to face any weather. So next time you want to know what tomorrow’s weather will bring—be sure to check a reliable source. Being prepared is key. 1．Weather scientists don’t use the information from ________ to make weather forecasts. A．satellites or weather stations B．radar tools or satellites C．computer models or radar tools D．computer games or balloons 2．According to the passage, weather forecasts can help people ________ . A．decide which clothes to buy B．have more time for family outgoings C．keep safe and improve daily efficiency D．learn how to make and use weather tools 3．What does the word “update” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．change B．read C．save D．create 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How weather scientists use tools to know the weather. B．Why different kinds of weather affect our everyday life. C．Why weather forecast sometimes gives wrong information. D．How to understand and make good use of weather forecasts. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了天气预报的重要性、制作方法及如何利用。天气预测帮助人们规划日常活动，气象科学家使用卫星、雷达等工具收集数据，并建议通过可靠来源获取实时更新的天气信息，以便做出更明智的决策。 1．细节理解题。根据“Weather scientists use the information from satellites, radar tools and computer models to make weather forecasts...They also get the information from different places, like weather stations on land and special buoys in the sea.”可知，天气科学家使用来自卫星、雷达工具和计算机模型的信息来制作天气预报，也从陆地上的气象站和海洋中的特殊浮标获取信息，未提及电脑游戏或气球。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“They help us prepare for different weather such as rain, snow, sunshine, or storms...These choices can affect our safety when going out and the efficiency of our work.”可知，天气预报能帮助人们保证外出安全和提高工作效率。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“These websites or apps usually update the data every hour. That’s really useful because the weather can be greatly different in a day.”可知，因为天气一天内变化大，这些网站或应用程序每小时对数据做的动作应该是更新，“update”意思接近“change”。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文中内容可知，文章首先讲了天气预报的重要性，接着介绍了如何制作天气预报、查看天气预报时关注的要素以及获取可靠天气预报信息的来源，整体围绕如何理解和充分利用天气预报展开。故选D。 Passage 6 （24-25七年级下·北京大兴·期末）People want to know if pre-made(预制)meals are healthy enough for teenagers. Pre-made meals are the half-finished or finished dishes—those dishes are already cooked or prepared. There are several kinds of pre-made foods: ready-to-eat food and ready-to-heat(加热)or ready-to-cook food. These foods usually need heating or cooking first before people eat them. Many people think that pre-made foods are less healthy because people usually need to keep them in fridges(冰箱). “In fact, freezing itself does not cause nutrition loss(营养缺失),” Liu Junya, a 33-year-old expert said. “But nutrition loss does happen when we heat or fry the food.” Vitamins(维他命)B and C in meat and vegetables can get less when we cook them too many times or for a long time. By being heated or cooked twice or more, pre-made foods can be less nutritious than freshly prepared and cooked foods," Liu said. “Besides, many pre-made food makers put the taste of food in the first place instead of nutrition,” said Liu. This leads to higher level of salt and sugar in the food and may cause health problems in the long term. Additives(添加剂)in pre-made foods are another problem. They are mainly used to improve the taste of the food, keep it, and color it. In China, there are some new skills to keep pre-made foods without any additives. In this way, some food can be kept for a longer time. But it’s necessary that customers only buy pre-made foods from big and qualified(有资质的)food supermarkets or shops. More and more people hope that the official rules about pre-made meals can make them more nutritious and cleaner. “We hope pre-made meals will become more popular. We want them to make people’s lives easier, not make them worried. But right now, we don’t know if that will happen.” Liu said. Maybe soon we can eat pre-made meals that are as healthy as fresh food. 1．According to the passage, which one doesn’t belong to pre-made meals? A．B．C． D． 2．The writer might agree that ________ . A．salt and sugar make pre-made foods taste bad B．freezing is the main reason for losing vitamins C．both pre-made meals and fresh foods are healthy D．big and qualified shops sell safer pre-made foods 3．What is the writer’s purpose(目的)of writing this passage? A．To encourage people to stop eating pre-made meals. B．To teach how to cook pre-made meals at home. C．To tell people some problems of pre-made foods. D．To show different kinds of pre-made foods. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文探讨了预制食品对青少年是否健康的问题，分析了其优缺点。 1．细节理解题。根据“…half-finished or finished dishes—those dishes are already cooked or prepared…need heating or cooking”“可知，宫保鸡丁、饺子、披萨均为加工后的食品，而新鲜鸡蛋是未加工的原始食材，不属于预制食品。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“But it’s necessary that customers only buy pre-made foods from big and qualified food supermarkets or shops.”可知，建议从大型合格商店购买更安全。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文围绕预制食品的营养流失、添加剂、高盐糖等问题展开，目的是告知潜在问题。故选C。 Passage 8 （23-24七年级下·北京昌平·期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 After a long day’s hard work, you may feel a little tired. Then, you take some cool water, and start to become better. As we all know, drinking water is great for our body. We don’t feel thirsty after drinking enough (足够的) water. It can also help with some health problems like headaches. Last month, a survey of 2,000 people found something new about drinking water—it has some interesting connections (关联) with happiness. In the survey, the scientists learned about how much water these people drink each day. Then they built different groups and studied how these people feel after drinking water. The survey reported that people drinking more water felt much happier, but those drinking less water didn’t feel the same. When they talked about their feelings about life, people drinking enough water a day thought themselves to be more positive (积极的), different from people having little water. So it’s clear that drinking water can bring us happiness. Then, what stops people from drinking enough water? One main reason is that some people think plain water (纯水) is very boring to drink. To make water taste better, they can put some fruits in it. Eating enough fruits and vegetables also helps, because people can get water from most of them. Another reason may be that people forget to drink water when they are very busy. So it’s a good idea to carry a water bottle everywhere and set an alarm to tell them to drink water. Of course, drinking water is not the only way to find happiness in daily life. However, it can be a very easy way to make yourself happy. Drink around six to eight glasses of water a day, make it a habit and enjoy a healthy body as well as a good feeling. 1．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Why the scientists started the survey. B．What the scientists found in the survey. C．How many people took part in the survey. D．How much water people drank in the survey. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Being positive can stop health problems. B．Eating plants improves people's memory. C．Drinking less water makes people feel down. D．Using alarms helps build a water drinking habit. 3．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Is Clean Water Important In Our Life? B．Is Plain Water Really Boring To Drink? C．Water Is A Simple Key To Happiness D．Water Has A Connection To Healthy Eating 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文讲述了一些关于饮用水的新发现——它与幸福有一些有趣的联系。 1．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的第一句话“The survey reported that people drinking more water felt much happier, but those drinking less water didn’t feel the same.”可知调查显示，多喝水的人感觉更快乐，但少喝水的人却没有同样的感觉，说明第三段主要讲述了科学家对喝水多和少给人带来的感觉的调查发现，故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“Another reason may be that people forget to drink water when they are very busy. So it’s a good idea to carry a water bottle everywhere and set an alarm to tell them to drink water.”可知人们之所以没有喝足水，有可能是因为忙而忘记喝水，这里提出了一个建议，就是随身携带一个水瓶并设置闹钟告诉他们喝水，能够让人们喝足水，养成喝水的好习惯。故选D。 3．标题归纳题。通读全文，本文主要就人们喝水足和少给他们自己所带来的感受进行了调查和探讨，无一例外，调查显示喝水可以给我们带来幸福，同时也对我们身体有好处，C选项“水是通往幸福的简单钥匙”与文章主旨相符，故选C。 Passage 9 （23-24七年级下·北京昌平·期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 There are a lot of reasons to go out in nature to look around. It makes us feel happy, helps us know about the plants and animals, and shows us how our world is put together. For some scientists, however, nature gives out something more—the ideas to improve people’s life. They study bees to work out how small robots might “talk” to report the weather. They look at gecko’s feet to find how to make tape. They study fruit flies to help doctors save people’s lives. “There are so many fun ways that animals have developed to solve (解决) problems, and some of them are ones we never thought of,” says Lisa Manning, a professor of the bioinspired (生物启发的) center. There, scientists carry on studies to get ideas for inventions from other living things. Zhenyu Gan is a robot engineer in the center. He makes robots with four legs, instead of robots with wheels (轮子). To find out how legged robots could stand or walk, Gan looks to animals such as horses and mice. “The first thing we have to understand is how they move,” Gan says. “Usually, robots with two legs like people are clumsy, just think about how a baby learns to stand and walk. But my robots have four legs, just like horses, making the robots walk or run easily and fast,” says Gan. Gan’s robots have lots of uses. They can explore the moon. Hospitals use doglike robots to work with doctors. Police use legged robots to search fallen buildings for missing people. Of course, there are many ways to solve problems without looking at nature. “These ways work, and they are easy,” says Manning. “But they may not be as useful as bioinspired inventions (发明), and they can’t work as well as animal ways when changes in nature come.” 1．According to the passage, some scientists study nature to ________. A．grow some plants B．keep animals safe C．change the weather D．make our life better 2．The word “clumsy” in Paragraph 5 means ________. A．quick to give help B．ready to face changes C．difficult to move freely D．dangerous to work with 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Bioinspired inventions can help save people’s lives. B．Lots of people will work with animals in the future. C．Robots with wheels have a lot of uses in our daily life. D．Scientists can use gecko’s feet to make new medicine. 4．What is the purpose (目的) of writing this passage? A．To introduce changes of bioinspired ideas. B．To tell us the difficulties of studying animals. C．To show us how animal ways help in our lives. D．To find out different reasons to look at nature. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了生物灵感发明，也就是科学家从其他生物那里获得发明的灵感，发明出改善人们生活的科技产品。 1．推理判断题。根据“For some scientists, however, nature gives out something more—the ideas to improve people’s life.”可知一些科学家们对大自然进行研究，目的是可以从中得到一些能够改善人们生活的想法，D选项“让我们的生活更好”符合题意，故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据Gan所说“just think about how a baby learns to stand and walk.”可知他拿婴儿是如何学习站立和行走的与两条腿的机器人相比，我们都知道，婴儿是在学习站立和行走时都是非常笨拙的，移动没有那么灵活，因此“clumsy”应该意为“笨拙的，难以移动的”，C选项与之同义，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“They study fruit flies to help doctors save people’s lives.”、“Hospitals use doglike robots to work with doctors.Police use legged robots to search fallen buildings for missing people.”可知果蝇来帮助医生挽救人们的生命，医院使用像狗一样的机器人与医生一起工作。警方使用有腿机器人在倒塌的建筑物中搜寻失踪人员，从中我们可以知道以生物为灵感的发明可以帮助拯救人们的生命。A选项符合题意，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，本文主要介绍了生物灵感发明，其目的也是为了发明出改善人们生活，拯救人的生命等对人们有帮助的科技产品。C选项“向我们展示动物的方式如何帮助我们的生活”符合文意，故选C。 主题03 运动健康 Passage 1 （24-25七年级下·北京丰台·期末）Exercise is really good for your body and mind, but starting to exercise might feel hard if you haven’t exercised for a long time. Don’t worry! You can do it! Just take it slow, be kind to yourself, and try to have fun. Ready to get moving? Keep reading for some tips on how to start exercising when you’re out of shape. Walking Just walking a little bit more every day can make a big difference. Plus, being outside in fresh air, especially near nature, can really improve your mind and feelings. Build a walk around your neighborhood (街区) into your daily routine (常规). You can walk around your neighborhood while having your morning coffee, or invite a friend to go for a walk in the park instead of watching TV. If you don’t move much. start with a 10-minute walk every day and try to walk a little longer each time. Look for small ways to add more walking to your day. like getting off the bus a few stops early and walking the rest of the way home. Body Weight (重量) Exercises It’s good to do both cardio (like running) and strength training (like lifting weights). But going to the gym can feel scary and cost a lot of money. The good news is that you can do strength training exercises anywhere, and you don’t need any special equipment-just your own body! Try doing crunches (lying down and lifting your upper body), wall-sits (sitting against a wall like you’re in a chair), and push-ups. These exercises are easy and don’t need any special tools. Spin Class Spin class is a great way to exercise if you’re new to it. You can make the exercise easier or harder depending (依靠) on how you feel. Plus, being in a class means you have a fun teacher and other people to cheer you on. You might even make some new friends! Don’t worry if you feel shy about exercising in front of others. Many spin classes are in rooms with soft light. so if you need to slow down or stop, no one will notice. 1．Which of the following is a benefit of walking in the passage? A．It can help you make more new friends. B．It helps to develop your daily routine easily. C．It builds up your relationship with your neighbors. D．It may make you feel better when you are near nature. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．You need to go to the gym to do strength training exercises. B．You can choose the difficulty of the exercise in spin classes. C．Spin classes are usually in rooms with bright light D．It’s important to prepare a chair for wall-sits. 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．Friendly exercises for beginners. B．Suggestions on strength training. C．Importance of starting training. D．Easy ways to choose exercises. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 【导语】短文主要介绍了开始锻炼的益处及方法，包括：逐渐增加日常步行量以改善身心；利用自身体重进行如仰卧起坐、靠墙静坐和俯卧撑等力量训练；以及参加动感单车课程，在轻松氛围中锻炼并结交新朋友。 1．细节理解题。根据“Plus, being outside in fresh air, especially near nature, can really improve your mind and feelings.”可知，当你接近大自然时，它可能会让你感觉更好。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“You can make the exercise easier or harder depending (依靠) on how you feel.”可知，在动感单车课上可以选择运动的难度。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文围绕“适合初学者的运动方式”展开，分别介绍了散步、自重训练和动感单车三种适合新手的运动。故选A。 主题04 其他 Passage 1 （24-25七年级下·北京海淀·期末） As spring arrives and days get longer, many people start to notice there’s a change in how they feel. The warm air, beautiful flowers, and enjoyable sunlight make us feel more energetic and active. But why does this happen? How does sunlight affect our mood? Many studies show that sunlight, temperature and humidity (湿度) can all affect our mental (心理的) health. One of the most important influences is sunlight, which plays a key role in controlling (控制) our body clock, the natural 24-hour cycles that affect sleep, energy and mood. When we experience more sunlight, our brains produce fewer chemicals that make us sleepy and more that help us feel good. That’s why longer days in spring and summer often lead people to a better mood, higher energy and greater well-being. However, when there’s not enough sunlight in winter, many people start feeling worse. They have low energy, feel sad or hopeless, and have difficulty in focusing. The good news is when days get longer in spring, these feelings often get better. As we welcome the spring, here are several ways that we can make the most of spring’s longer days and better weather. Spend time outdoors. We can go hiking or do gardening, where we can enjoy the natural beauty while getting sunlight. Sunlight helps our bodies produce Vitamin D, which is good for our bone health and mood. Exercise regularly. When we do physical activities, our body produces chemicals that make us feel happy. And if we exercise outdoors, sunlight could make us feel even better. Practice mindfulness. It is a great idea to take a moment to have fun in spring, whether listening to birdsong, or feeling the warmth of the sunlight. We can stop for a while and focus on what’s around us, enjoying these moments. Keep a balanced routine. We’d better wake up earlier and get ready for a rest as the sun sets to match our day with natural light. Staying up late is harmful to us. In a word, the arrival of spring and the longer sunlight hours give us a natural treatment for winter blues. Weather, especially sunlight, surely affects mood and mental health. So as the season changes, go outside, feel the sun on your skin, and let the energy lift your mood. Remember: spending time in nature can make you happier and healthier. 1．What may people experience if they don’t have enough sunlight in winter? A．Being full of energy. B．Being more focused. C．Feeling angry easily. D．Feeling more hopeless. 2．According to the passage, to have a good mood, we can ________. A．stay in a gym and do more physical activities B．visit museums to learn about creative works of art C．have a picnic or ride bicycles in the park on a nice day D．get up late to have a good and enough sleep on weekends 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To study when and why people are in a blue mood. B．To encourage people to enjoy sunshine and fresh air. C．To explain why and how weather affects our moods. D．To introduce some ways to make use of more daylight. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当阳光照射不足时，人们会感到情绪低落，并且为了摆脱这种情绪低落的情况，本文提出了一些建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“That’s why longer days in spring and summer often lead people to a better mood, higher energy and greater well-being. However, when there’s not enough sunlight in winter, many people start feeling worse.”可知，春天和夏天更长的白天常常使人们心情更好、精力更充沛、幸福感更强，而当冬季阳光不足时，许多人会开始感到情绪低落。D选项“感到更加绝望”符合题意。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Spend time outdoors.”和“ Exercise regularly. ”可知，为了有一个好心情，我们可以花时间在户外，并且定期锻炼，结合选项，C选项“在天气好的时候在公园里野餐或骑自行车”符合题意。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据“As we welcome the spring, here are several ways that we can make the most of spring’s longer days and better weather.”可知，当我们迎来春天的时候，这里有一些方法可以让我们充分利用春天更长的白昼和更宜人天气的方法，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是介绍我们充分利用春天更长的白昼和更宜人天气的建议，结合选项，B选项“鼓励人们享受阳光和新鲜空气”符合题意。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25七年级下·北京海淀·期末）You probably know lots of things that are good for your brain: reading, solving puzzles, getting enough exercise and sleep, and eating healthy foods. Now, here is something else to add to the list: arts. In recent years, scientists have been researching how arts affect your body, brain and behavior. Researchers find that practicing or just enjoying arts can change your brain and behavior. These changes can make you think clearer and feel happier. They can even help you do better in school. Jessica Bone, a researcher from Social Behavioural Research Centre of World Health Organisation, recently reviewed studies on the arts and well-being. She found that doing art can help teens feel less sad and more excited to do things. In one of her studies, Jessica noticed that children were less likely to have behavioral problems at age 11 if they enjoyed creative activities at age 7—such as telling stories or doing handmade works. They connected with other people better and are also better able to pay attention to adults. Another of her studies also showed that dance can help unhappy teenagers feel better. Arts, however, may not just lift your mood. It may even lead to changes in your brain. The brain controls things like decision-making, planning and paying attention. It helps you control impulses (冲动), organize your time and think creatively about problems. Training in arts may affect how the brain works on these tasks. Assal Habibi is a scientist studying the brain at the University of Southern California. Her work focuses on how music affects the brain. In one study, Habibi and her team studied brain changes and activity in kids aged 9 to 11. They found parts of the brain that process sound were thicker in musically trained kids. That may be a sign of greater function (功能) in these parts of their brains. Brains of kids who’d spent two years learning to play a musical instrument showed another interesting change, Habibi’s team noted. They showed more activity in regions (区域) that help rein in impulsive reactions, so these kids are better at holding back the impulse to jump in so that they have greater patience to wait for their turns. Parents noticed a difference in student musicians, too, Habibi says. After their training, those students seemed less aggressive (有攻击性的). They also were better at communicating with family and friends. 1．According to Jessica Bone, students doing arts activities can ________. A．become more active B．think in different ways C．have more self-control D．get out of their bad habits 2．What does Habibi’s study tell us? A．The brain’s sound processing area develops with age. B．Music training helps teenagers to make a lot more friends. C．Student musicians usually behave more politely and kindly. D．Musically trained brains show less activity in impulse control area. 3．What does the underlined phrase “rein in” in Paragraph 8 probably mean? A．practice B．improve C．cause D．control 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The ways to help your brain to grow stronger. B．The benefits people can get from artistic activities. C．The tools that can help make people feel less worried. D．The reasons why people want to learn a musical instrument. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了艺术活动对大脑和行为的积极影响，包括改善情绪、增强大脑功能以及提高社交能力等。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“She found that doing art can help teens feel less sad and more excited to do things.”（她发现从事艺术活动可以帮助青少年减少悲伤，更积极地做事。）可推知，艺术活动能让学生变得更活跃。故选A。 2．细节理解题。 根据文章第8段“After their training, those students seemed less aggressive. They also were better at communicating with family and friends.”（经过训练后，这些学生表现得更有礼貌，与家人和朋友的沟通也更好。）可推知，音乐训练使学生行为更礼貌友善。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第7段“so these kids are better at holding back the impulse to jump in so that they have greater patience to wait for their turns”（所以这些孩子更善于克制跳进去的冲动，从而有更大的耐心去等待轮到自己）可推知，“rein in”的意思与“hold back”相近，即“克制”，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕艺术活动对大脑和行为的益处展开，包括改善情绪、增强大脑功能和社交能力等。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25七年级下·北京朝阳·期末） Take Time for Ourselves Life today moves very fast, so we often feel busy and tired. Many people think that being with others all the time makes us happy, but I have learned that it’s OK to take time for ourselves. In the past, I joined every club, took part in every class activity, and replied to every group message (消息). These things made me very tired and stressed (心力交瘁的). I thought, “Is there something wrong with me when I want to be alone?” I decided to try spending time alone and see how it felt. At first, it was hard, but soon I grew to like it. When I was alone, I felt calmer little by little. This time gave me a chance to enjoy peaceful moments, think clearly, and understand my feelings. In a busy and noisy world, finding such alone time helped me feel comfortable and return to myself. This kind of solitude helped me discover deep calmness and power. However, connecting with others is still important. It helps us make friends and stay close to people we care about. But our energy isn’t endless, so we need to use it carefully. Sometimes, answering messages can feel tiring. It’s OK to take a break before replying. This doesn’t mean we don’t care—it means we’re taking care of ourselves. After resting when we’re tired, we feel better, calmer, and think more clearly. Looking after ourselves is not selfish (自私的). In fact, it helps us be there for others when we’re ready. So, don’t feel bad about needing alone time. Taking care of ourselves doesn’t mean we are powerless—it’s the first step to a happier and more peaceful life. Remember to rest when we need to. 1．The writer uses his/her example to tell us that ________. A．fast life leads to poor social skills B．taking time for oneself is OK in a busy life C．joining in every activity brings us happiness D．being with others all the time makes us relaxed 2．What does the word “solitude” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Aloneness. B．Connection. C．Power. D．Happiness. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Forgetting our feelings helps us stay strong. B．Looking after ourselves can improve our life. C．Spending time alone is selfish and unhelpful. D．Being social is more important than staying alone. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare different ways to live a happy life. B．To discuss the importance of connecting with others. C．To suggest people balance time alone and with others. D．To call on people to spend more time caring for others. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，通过作者的个人经历，探讨了在快节奏生活中独处的重要性，并强调平衡社交与独处的必要性。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第1段“but I have learned that it’s OK to take time for ourselves”及全文内容可知，作者用自己的例子说明在忙碌的生活中为自己留出时间是合理的。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第3段“When I was alone, I felt calmer little by little...This kind of solitude helped me discover deep calmness and power.”可知，“solitude”指代前文“being alone”的状态，意为“独处”。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Taking care of ourselves doesn’t mean we are powerless—it’s the first step to a happier and more peaceful life”可推知，作者认为照顾自己 (独处) 能提升生活质量。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。全文通过对比独处与社交的益处 (如第4段“connecting with others is still important”和第3段独处的积极影响)，提出平衡两者的建议。故选C。 Passage 4 （23-24七年级下·北京通州·期末） When you want to ask your teacher a question during the math class, what do you do? Do you simply shout (喊) out your question as soon as it comes into your mind? Or do you put up your hand and wait until the teacher calls your name? If you put up your hand first, it’s maybe because your teacher has a rule (规则) that tells what you should do when you have a question. Can you imagine (想象) what it would be like if everyone could simply talk whenever they want during class? What if everyone could simply get up and do whatever they want to do during class? Do you think much learning would take place? Everyone needs an orderly and peaceful classroom. If there are no rules, the classroom will be chaotic! You may feel like there are too many rules. After all, you have rules at home. You have rules at school. You have rules in the sports you play and the clubs you take part in. Why do we have to have so many rules? In fact, why do there have to be any rules at all? To live in a society, we must have rules. Some rules are informal (非正式), your teacher and parents will be angry with you when you break (打破) these rules. Some are very important rules, they are known as laws and braking them can have bad consequences (后果), such as going to jail (监狱) or paying a fine. When you learn to drive, you’ll understand how many rules you should follow when driving on the road. The rules for driving have a common goal (共同目标): keeping you safe. If you make a list of the rules you follow each day, you can quickly understand how many of them exist (存在) to keep you safe and make your life more enjoyable. If there are no rules to follow, things could get dangerous. 1．The writer uses the math class as an example to show ______. A．students should act freely during class B．everyone should keep quiet in the classroom C．classroom rules help to keep learning in order D．teachers should answer students’ questions in class 2．The word “chaotic” in Paragraph 3 means ______. A．in the middle B．in a mess C．in order D．in the right way 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Sports rules are not important. B．Young students can do whatever they want to do. C．People go to jail if they break informal rules. D．The rules for driving help people keep safe on the road. 4．The writer wants to tell us ______. A．following rules helps people live safely and happily B．driving on the road can have bad consequences C．listing the rules is the best way to stay away from troubles D．people can live happily if there are no rules to follow 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍规则的重要性。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“If you put up your hand first, it’s maybe because your teacher has a rule (规则) that tells what you should do when you have a question.”可知，想出数学题的答案后，再举手是上课的课堂规则，故推断出作者通过列举数学课上的例子来说明课堂规则有助于保持学习秩序。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Everyone needs an orderly and peaceful classroom. If there are no rules, the classroom will be chaotic !”可知，此处指的是没有规则的教室将不是一个和平的学习环境，将会是……。故单词“chaotic”意为“混乱的”，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“When you learn to drive, you’ll understand how many rules you should follow when driving on the road. The rules for driving have a common goal (共同目标): keeping you safe.”可知，路上开车时，需要遵守很多交通规则以确保你的安全。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文及最后一段“...keep you safe and make your life more enjoyable. If there are no rules to follow, things could get dangerous.”可知，本文主要介绍了规则的重要性，遵守规则会让我们安全快乐。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25七年级下·北京海淀·期末）Do you want to grow plants in your home during the cold weather? If so, you may want to use some plants to make your home smell nice. We are talking about two kinds of indoor plants: rosemary (迷迭香) and bay laurel (月桂). Both plants have good smell and it’s easy for you to plant them inside your home. You just put them near a window in the cold weather. As long as the temperature (温度) is warm in your house and you keep watering them, they will grow well. Both rosemary and bay laurel come from the warm places of the world. The area is cool but not cold during winter because it gets lots of sunlight For rosemary, water level is very important. You can’t water it too much. The plant needs a little wet soil (土壤). But too much water will injure the plant. It will grow slowly or even die. You can plant rosemary in the soil with some sand. The sand doesn’t keep much water, so this kind of soil will be the best place for rosemary to grow. If you want to grow bay laurel inside, you can cut unwanted branches (枝杈) from the plant as it grows and make it look like a small tree. The plant will not die if you do this. Bay laurel has dark green leaves. it produces a nice smell when you cut its leaves. When you add them to the soup, it will taste better. Remember to wash the leaves before you put them into your dishes. So bay laurel is not only a plant, but also a kind of food. 1．Rosemary and bay laurel can_________. A．grow without water B．make your house warm C．live in the soil with ice D．make your room smell nice 2．What does the underlined (划线的) word “injure” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Keep. B．Help. C．Hurt. D．Hit 3．What can you do to help bay laurel grow better like a small tree? A．Move it to a warm room. B．Give it a lot of water every day. C．Plant it in sand without soil. D．Cut off some of its long branches. 4．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To call on people to do some gardening B．To share two kinds of indoor plants in winter C．To ask people to plant more plants at home. D．To tell us how to look for rosemary and bay laurel Passage 2 （24-25七年级下·北京门头沟·期末）We all know the old saying: “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” But have you ever met the “Time-Eating Monster”? This invisible creature (生物) sneaks into your life secretly when you study all day without breaks, slowly stealing (偷) your happiness and energy. Just like phones need charging (充电), our brains need rest and play. Scientists have discovered something wonderful about play. At Sunshine Middle School, researchers found that students who balanced study time with playtime scored 20% higher on tests than those who only studied. Why does this happen? First, when you play sports or games, your body produces special chemicals that help your brain remember things better. Second, laughing with friends quickly reduces stress—it works like magic! Even simple activities like walking the dog or riding a bike can refresh your mind. However, not all play is good play. Sitting for hours watching videos or playing phone games doesn’t really help—it’s like feeding the Time-Eating Monster! You might feel more tired. Real play should leave you feeling happy and full of energy. Here are some great ideas: Team sports (basketball, soccer) Creative activities (drawing, music) Helping with cooking or gardening Exploring nature with friends Remember, the Time-Eating Monster hates it when you have balanced days. If you study for 40 minutes, take a 10-minute play break. Your brain will thank you, and you’ll find that learning becomes easier and more fun. After all, life isn’t just about books—it’s about growing healthily in both body and mind! 1．According to the passage, what might happen if a boy never takes play breaks? A．His scores will improve a lot. B．He will be full of confidence and happiness. C．He will have more time to watch videos and play games. D．The “Time-Eating Monster” will make him tired and unhappy. 2．Why does the writer give examples of activities in Paragraph 3? A．To teach cooking and gardening skills. B．To suggest video games are bad for students. C．To show what kinds of play are truly helpful. D．To tell us outdoor fun is better than indoor fun. 3．Which is the best title for this passage? A．Studying Hard All the Time B．The Problem with Video Games C．School Tests and Good Grades D．Work and Play: Beat the Time Monster Passage 3 （24-25七年级下·北京朝阳·期末） Why Do We Love Sweets? Have you ever wondered why you often want something sweet after a meal, even when you’re full? Scientists have been studying this question, and their findings are quite interesting. The sweet signal (信号) In February 2025, scientists did experiments to find out the reason behind the love for sweets. Take mice as an example. When a mouse is full, some parts in its brain (脑) tell it to stop eating. However, other parts make the mouse want to eat sweet food, even though it is already full. This shows that the love for sweets is natural for many animals, including humans. How the brain balances hunger Our brain has a special part that works like a “hunger manager” (饥饿管理者). It checks how much energy (力量) the body has. When we eat enough food and have enough energy, this part sends signals to tell us to stop eating. In this way, it helps manage hunger. The challenge of cutting down sweets Scientists thought that if they could make people want less sweet food, it might help improve their health. There was once a kind of medicine that made people lose interest in sweet food and helped people become thin, but it also made people feel sad and lose interest in other things. Then this medicine was no longer on the market. This suggests that enjoying sweet food may support our mental (心理的) health. There’s still a lot we don’t know. We need to study more about how different sugars influence our eating. Also, we should learn how the brain works when we eat different foods. In a word, understanding the science behind our love for sweets can help us keep a balance between enjoyment and health. 1．Why did scientists do the experiments in February 2025? A．To learn how animals stay healthy. B．To find out why animals like sweets. C．To check if animals eat too much food. D．To understand how animals stop sleeping 2．According to the passage, what does the “hunger manager” do? A．It stops people from feeling sad. B．It tells people when to stop eating. C．It makes people want more sweet food. D．It helps people become thin and feel happy. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Eating sweets is bad for mental health. B．The medicine helps with healthy eating habits C．Cultural habits decide our choices on sweet foods. D．Science helps enjoy sweets while keeping healthy. 主题02 身心健康 Passage 1 （24-25七年级下·北京房山·期末）Do you often stay up late? Maybe you play mobile games or watch videos until very late. Then, it’s really hard for you to get up in the morning. If this is you, you’re a “night owl”. But this way of living is bad for your health. Many studies show that night owls have more health problems. A 2023 Harvard study found that night owls are more likely to have blood (血液) sugar problems than those who go to bed and wake up early. Another problem is that night owls usually don’t have enough sleep. When you sleep, your brain cleans out bad things and helps you remember lessons. But if you stay up late, your brain can’t do this well. That’s why night owls find it hard to pay attention in class or at work. Also, research shows that you sleep best when it’s dark. If you’re a night owl and go to bed late, the sun comes up soon, which breaks your sleep and lowers its quality (质量). So, how can you change your sleep habits? 1. Create a bedtime routine: About an hour before sleep, start getting ready. Turn off screens (computers or phones), because bright screens affect your sleep quality. You can read a book or listen to soft music instead. Scientists advise (建议) people to set a bedtime goal. 2. Be careful about what you eat and drink before bed: Don’t have caffeinated (含咖啡因的) drinks (like coffee or soda) because they can make it hard to fall asleep. 3. Do some easy things for good sleep: Exercise every day, but not before bed. 4. Set a regular (常规的) wake-up time: Waking up at the same hour daily helps your body adapt (适应). Try to wake up no later than 9 a.m. After about 90 days, it’ll become a habit. You’ll sleep better, feel more energetic, and be healthier. Changing your sleep schedule takes time, so be patient. In short, you should change your night-owl lifestyle. Although changing it is not easy, it’s good for your health. 1．A 2023 Harvard study found that ________. A．night owls may have blood sugar problems easily B．night owls’ brain can clean out bad things well C．night owls will sleep better than early sleepers D．night owls can pay more attention in class 2．What should people do to change their sleep habits? A．Exercise just before bedtime. B．Wake up at different hours daily. C．Turn off screens an hour before sleep. D．Drink caffeinated drinks in the evening. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose (目的) in writing this passage? A．To find out why people become night owls. B．To describe the benefits of being a night owl. C．To show the importance of getting enough sleep. D．To advise people to change their night-owl lifestyle. Passage 2 （24-25七年级下·北京房山·期末）A lot of people run to keep fit. They enjoy running on sunny and hot days. They don’t mind when their clothes get wet with sweat (汗水). But when winter comes, many people dislike running outdoors because of the cold temperatures. They prefer (更喜爱) to stay inside. However, a new study tells us something surprising. Cold weather is a good time to run! Running in the cold can help you run better. Many runners say it’s easier to run in winter than in summer. Why? First, your body doesn’t need as much water on cold days. Second, cold air feels fresh and doesn’t make you tired quickly. When you run in the cold, your heart doesn’t have to work as fast as it does in summer. John Brewer, a teacher from St. Mary’s University in London, did an interesting study. His team made a special room. This room could feel like summer or winter. They asked volunteers to run 1,000 meters twice—once in “summer” condition (环境) and once in “winter” condition. Then John and his team watched and wrote down how their bodies worked. The study shows that when we run, our body gets hot. If our body can’t get rid of this heat (热量), it’s not good for us. So we sweat to cool down, and our body sends blood to the skin. This makes our heart work harder, especially in hot weather. The study shows that running in hot weather makes our heart beat 6% faster than in cold weather. However, in cold weather, our body doesn’t need to send blood to the skin, so we use less energy than we do in hot weather. If you want to run in winter, wear appropriate (合适的) clothes. Stay dry during exercise. Don’t stay inside in winter. Just wear the right clothes and go for a run! 1．According to the passage, why do many people dislike running outdoors in winter? A．Because they sweat a lot. B．Because the weather is too cold. C．Because running fast is difficult. D．Because it’s not good for their heart. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A．The benefits of running in cold weather. B．The importance of drinking water. C．How to keep warm in winter. D．How to run in hot weather. 3．The words “get rid of” in Paragraph 4 probably mean ________. A．avoid B．collect C．lose D．produce Passage 3 （24-25七年级下·北京门头沟·期末）Food plays an important role in keeping us healthy. Different cultures have their own healthy eating traditions. In Mediterranean countries, people eat lots of fresh vegetables, olive oil and fish. In Japan, meals often include rice, seafood and miso (味噌) soup. These traditional diets all share one thing in common—they include (包含) all kinds of natural foods. For teenagers, developing good eating habits is especially important because their bodies are still growing. Eating different kinds of food provides all the nutrients they need. Colorful fruits and vegetables give us vitamins and fiber (纤维), while meat, eggs and beans provide protein (蛋白质) for muscle growth. Whole grains (谷物) like brown rice and whole wheat (小麦) bread give us long-lasting energy. However, eating too much junk food like chips, candy and fast food can lead to health problems and make you feel tired. Experts suggest following the “healthy plate” rule: fill half your plate with fruits and vegetables, one quarter with whole grains, and one quarter with protein foods like fish, chicken or tofu. Don’t forget to drink plenty of water instead of sugary drinks! Remember, what you eat changes not just your physical health but also your mood and ability to learn in school. By making smart food choices every day, you’ll have more energy to study, play sports and enjoy life! 1．According to the passage, what is a common thing of traditional healthy diets? A．They have all fast food and vegetables. B．They include all kinds of natural foods. C．They don’t include fruits and grains. D．They mainly include meat and bread. 2．The word “nutrients” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _________. A．delicious tastes B．things in food that keep us healthy C．expensive protein D．all kinds of health and food problems 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To teach how to cook traditional foods. B．To explain why junk food is unhealthy. C．To compare different countries’ eating habits. D．To encourage healthy eating habits for teenagers. 主题01 学习策略 Passage 1 （24-25七年级下·北京西城·期末）You might think studying is something you should do alone. However, does it mean you should never try studying with someone? Actually, having a study buddy, a friend who studies with you and makes you stay excited about learning, can really help you learn better One of the best things about having a study buddy is that you get to collaborate. When you put two minds together, problem-solving becomes faster and more creative. Imagine you both want to improve your writing. Your friend might be able to see words you’ve misspelt, and you could help correct your friend’s grammar mistakes. Then, you could discuss and add finishing touches to your written work. What’s more, problems become opportunities. Maybe your buddy is good at English but finds math difficult, while it’s the other way around for you. When you teach your friend how to solve a math problem, you start understanding it better. Scientists call this the “protégé effect”. It means one can get smarter by helping someone else learn. With a study buddy, it’s easier to stay motivated (有驱动力的). By asking questions like, “Did you finish the reading?” or “Ready to quiz each other?”, you are holding each other accountable (负有责任的). This makes sure that both of you have your goals in mind and are doing your best. The benefits of having a study buddy don’t end here. If you’re ready to give it a try, here’s how to start: Choosing the right partner (同伴) matters. Look for someone who balances your strengths and weaknesses. If you are a creative thinker but poor at making plans, team up with a buddy who’s good at planning and managing (管理) time. Set achievable goals, such as learning 10 new words daily or reading one book every month. Set clear rules, like meeting weekly and never putting tasks off until the last minute. Don’t forget to celebrate small wins. Treat yourselves if both of you do well on an exam. Remember, a study buddy isn’t just a homework helper—they are your partner in growth. By working together, you can get through challenges and discover the joy of learning as a team. So, pair up, and get ready to level up your grades—and your friendship! 1．According to the passage, a study buddy ________. A．helps you to improve your study B．does all of the difficult work for you C．stays more excited about learning than you 2．The underlined word “collaborate” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A．challenge someone B．chat with others C．work with each other 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 3 about the “protégé effect”? A．Teaching others makes you a better learner. B．Helping others learn brings you more friends. C．Solving math problems improves your memory. 4．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．You’re more likely to put tasks off with a study buddy. B．People with the same study habits make great study buddies. C．A good study buddy not only helps you but also lets you help them. 主题02 科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25七年级下·北京顺义·期末）We all know that a late-night coffee is a bad idea if you want a good night’s sleep. But could your whole day’s diet also affect how well you rest? Well, a new study from the University of Tsukuba in Japan has found that what we eat may affect how we sleep. Different nutrients (营养物质), such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats and fiber (纤维), might affect our sleep, suggesting that changing our diet could be a way to sleep better. The study looked at the diets and sleep patterns of almost 5,000 people. The data was collected by asking people to use two apps—Asken, where users record what they ate during the day, and Pokemon Sleep, which records sleep habits. The researchers looked at the people’s sleep time, how long it took to fall asleep, and how often they woke up at night. Then, they compared this information with what people were eating. The study found that people who ate more protein (蛋白质) slept about 10 minutes longer than those who ate less. On the other hand, people who ate more fats slept for a shorter time and woke up more often at night. Those with a diet high in carbohydrates (碳水化合物) were less likely to wake up during the night, while people having more fiber fell asleep faster and slept longer. And a diet high in sodium—from salty foods—and low in potassium—found in fruits and vegetables—was linked (联系) with poorer sleep. Of course, the study isn’t perfect. It doesn’t show that diet directly causes these changes. And some other things, such as how much soft drinks people drink or their stress levels, weren’t included. But it does suggest that what we eat could play an important role in sleep health. So if you’re having trouble getting to sleep at night, instead of counting sheep, maybe it’s time to start thinking about the nutrients you ate during the day! 1．According to the passage, what can affect people’s sleep? A．Sleeping habits. B．Sleeping places. C．The diet of a person. D．The order of eating. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Having more fiber makes people likely to have a good rest B．Eating more fats may help a person get a good night’s sleep C．A diet high in protein is more likely linked with poorer sleep D．A diet high in carbohydrates may make people wake up often. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage us to change our eating habits B．To remind us to pay attention to our diet. C．To share some advice on getting healthy. D．To compare nutrients’ effects on health. Passage 2 （24-25七年级下·北京东城·期末）Have you ever broken something and then tried to fix it? If you have, you know how a jigsaw puzzle works. A jigsaw puzzle has many small pieces. When you fit the pieces together in the right way, you make a complete picture. In 1760, a mapmaker named John Spilsbury came up with an idea. He pasted (粘贴) a map onto wood. Then, he cut the wood along the borders of each country. The map turned into many pieces. Spilsbury gave these puzzle pieces to the children. They had to put the map back together. While doing this, they learned which countries were next to each other. Spilsbury wanted to help children learn geography, and his idea worked well. Many people liked Spilsbury’s puzzles, so others started to make them too. They wanted to find faster ways to cut the pieces. A new tool called a jigsaw helped them do this. This saw made it easier to cut the shapes. After that, people started to call these puzzles jigsaw puzzles. At first, making puzzles took a long time because people had to paste pictures on wood. But in the late 1800s, new dyes (染料) and less money needed for printing made it possible to produce the jigsaw puzzles much more quickly. As a result, more people started to buy them. Puzzles became more popular as they changed and grew. The pictures were not just maps—they showed famous places, fairy tales, and more. Puzzles were cheap, and people could reuse them many times or trade them with friends. This made puzzles fun for everyone! Puzzle makers then made something new: 3D puzzles. Instead of flat pictures, these puzzles let people build models (模型) that stood up, like houses. This added even more excitement. Puzzles are great for learning. They teach children about shapes, colours, and how to pay attention to a task. Completing puzzles also helps creative thinking and improves skills like reading maps. Even better, puzzles can make your memory stronger! Today, puzzles come in all sizes—some have just 10 pieces for kids, while others have 1,000 for adults. Puzzles can be quick and easy or more difficult and take longer to complete. The best part is putting that last piece in place! With patience, anyone can finish a puzzle. That’s why people of all ages love them! 1．Why did John Spilsbury make the first puzzle? A．To teach kids to learn different shapes. B．To help kids know how countries connect. C．To give kids a fun activity to do with their parents. D．To let kids see famous places in different countries. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Cheaper production made puzzles more popular. B．People stopped using wooden puzzles after 1800. C．3D puzzles are the most popular jigsaw puzzles now. D．Children like playing jigsaw puzzles more than adults. 3．Which of the following would be the best title (标题) for the passage? A．Jigsaw Puzzles: Where Your Mind Meets Creativity B．Jigsaw Puzzles: What Makes Them a Learning Tool C．Jigsaw Puzzles: Why They Became a Popular Activity D．Jigsaw Puzzles: How They Pieced Their Way Into Our Lives Passage 3 （24-25七年级下·北京通州·期末）If your friend had a problem, you would probably try to help. But did you know that animals also help each other, and in all kinds of unusual ways? In a recent documentary (纪录片) about animals, a zoologist (动物学家) explained that scientists were learning a lot about the ways that animals behaved. For example, he said that when he had studied a group of dolphins, he had seen something unusual. Dolphins need air to survive (生存). When one of the dolphins in the group was hurt (伤害) and too weak to swim to the top of the water, several dolphins quickly swam under it and pushed it to the top of the water where it could get air. Then, they held it there until it was strong enough to swim alone. Another example of animals helping each other was reported by a scientist in Kenya. The scientist was watching a local elephant eating some leaves from a tree. Suddenly, another elephant arrived. Animals often attack (袭击) other animals that enter their area and eat their food, but what happened next surprised the scientist. The second elephant was hurt and couldn't get its own food, so the first elephant got some leaves from the tree and put them into the injured (受伤的) elephant’s mouth. In the third example, an adult bird adopted (收养) an abandoned (被抛弃的) kitten. The tiny kitten couldn’t find any food, so the bird gave it insects to eat. Believe it or not, the hungry kitten was happy to eat them! The well-meaning bird also defended (保护) the kitten when anyone or anything came near. Today, scientists agree that animals can be kind and considerate, but they are not sure why animals act this way. Certainly, when animals attack or kill another creature, they do it to survive. So, when animals help one another, does it also improve their chances of survival or are they just being nice? These are just some of the questions that scientists are still trying to answer. 1．In the first example, when a dolphin couldn’t swim to the top of the water, ________. A．it died in the water B．the other animals ate it C．it stayed in the water to get the air D．the other dolphins managed to help it 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．The elephants like living together in Kenya. B．The birds are afraid of abandoned kittens. C．Animals want to continue to live when they attack other animals. D．The scientists know why animals help one another. 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．The importance of living together for animals. B．Several ways of helping each other in the animal world. C．The relationship between human beings and animals. D．Reasons for improving animals’ chances of survival. Passage 4 （24-25七年级下·北京通州·期末） Being Open to Change: A Chance to Grow Change is a part of life that people experience every day. From our first steps to the new challenges at school, change helps shape who we are. Although our minds sometimes prefer familiar (相似的) routines, learning to get used to change is important for our personal growth. Many of us feel uneasy when faced with something new. For example, some students hesitate to join a new club or try a different subject because they worry about failure (失败). This fear (恐惧，担心) often stops us from exploring opportunities (机会) that could help us improve and make our lives more interesting. Change is not difficult in itself. The fear of change holds us back from reaching our full ability. Luckily, there are ways to help us feel less worried about the unknown. One effective way is to take small steps toward a new goal. By focusing on (专注于) one change at a time, such as reading one new book each month or joining one activity, we can gradually build our confidence. Talking with friends, teachers, or family members about our worries also helps us see new ideas and get support. Besides, taking a moment to think about our successes and the positive parts of our lives can replace fear with excitement and strong will. Many people have discovered that when they let go of their fear, they open themselves up to exciting opportunities. A student who once stayed away from public speaking may find that a small step forward brings more self-confidence, or a shy person may slowly become more active in group activities. Being open to change is not always easy, but every small step can lead to a brighter future. Change is not something to be feared. Instead, it is a chance to learn, grow, and discover a new and better self. 1．What does the writer think of change? A．It is very special. B．It stops our personal happiness. C．It happens to everyone. D．It makes people have less progress. 2．What does the word “hesitate” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Become brave. B．Feel uncertain and are slow to act. C．Get excited. D．Look confident and decide easily. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Focusing on a few changes at a time can help us feel less worried about the new things. B．Students need to change their communication ways when they talk with their teachers. C．Thinking about our achievements is a useful way to reduce the fear of change. D．Shy people need more fear to make them more active. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to face change bravely. B．To discuss the opportunities of facing change. C．To advise people to stay away from change. D．To tell people to explore the change of the future. Passage 5 （24-25七年级下·北京大兴·期末）Understanding tomorrow’s weather forecast (预报) can help you plan your day well when you’re going for work, planning a family outing, or just deciding what to wear. The Importance of Weather Forecasts Weather forecasts are important for us. They help us prepare for different weather such as rain, snow, sunshine, or storms. Knowing the weather forecast helps everyone make smart choices. These choices can affect our safety when going out and the efficiency (效率) of our work. How to Make Weather Forecasts Weather scientists use the information from satellites, radar tools and computer models to make weather forecasts. They need to get data (数据) about things like what the temperature is, how wet the air is, how fast the wind is blowing, and how much rain or snow is falling. They also get the information from different places, like weather stations on land and special buoys (浮漂) in the sea. What to Look For in Tomorrow’s Forecast When checking (查看) tomorrow’s weather forecast, we should focus on the key elements (元素): temperature (highs and lows), precipitation (chance of rain), wind speed/direction, and so on. These elements will help you make better plans for the following day—whether (是否) you need an umbrella or sunglasses. Where to Find Reliable (可靠的) Information There are several reliable sources (来源) for checking tomorrow’s weather forecast including local news stations (TV/radio), weather websites like NOAA or Weather. com, and mobile apps like AccuWeather or The Weather Channel. These websites or apps usually update the data every hour. That’s really useful because the weather can be greatly different in a day. Knowing what the weather will be like the next day helps you pick the right clothes to wear. It also prepares you for activities that may be affected by the weather. If you check reliable sources for tomorrow’s weather forecast and keep in mind that it might change, you’ll be more ready to face any weather. So next time you want to know what tomorrow’s weather will bring—be sure to check a reliable source. Being prepared is key. 1．Weather scientists don’t use the information from ________ to make weather forecasts. A．satellites or weather stations B．radar tools or satellites C．computer models or radar tools D．computer games or balloons 2．According to the passage, weather forecasts can help people ________ . A．decide which clothes to buy B．have more time for family outgoings C．keep safe and improve daily efficiency D．learn how to make and use weather tools 3．What does the word “update” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．change B．read C．save D．create 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How weather scientists use tools to know the weather. B．Why different kinds of weather affect our everyday life. C．Why weather forecast sometimes gives wrong information. D．How to understand and make good use of weather forecasts. Passage 6 （24-25七年级下·北京大兴·期末）People want to know if pre-made(预制)meals are healthy enough for teenagers. Pre-made meals are the half-finished or finished dishes—those dishes are already cooked or prepared. There are several kinds of pre-made foods: ready-to-eat food and ready-to-heat(加热)or ready-to-cook food. These foods usually need heating or cooking first before people eat them. Many people think that pre-made foods are less healthy because people usually need to keep them in fridges(冰箱). “In fact, freezing itself does not cause nutrition loss(营养缺失),” Liu Junya, a 33-year-old expert said. “But nutrition loss does happen when we heat or fry the food.” Vitamins(维他命)B and C in meat and vegetables can get less when we cook them too many times or for a long time. By being heated or cooked twice or more, pre-made foods can be less nutritious than freshly prepared and cooked foods," Liu said. “Besides, many pre-made food makers put the taste of food in the first place instead of nutrition,” said Liu. This leads to higher level of salt and sugar in the food and may cause health problems in the long term. Additives(添加剂)in pre-made foods are another problem. They are mainly used to improve the taste of the food, keep it, and color it. In China, there are some new skills to keep pre-made foods without any additives. In this way, some food can be kept for a longer time. But it’s necessary that customers only buy pre-made foods from big and qualified(有资质的)food supermarkets or shops. More and more people hope that the official rules about pre-made meals can make them more nutritious and cleaner. “We hope pre-made meals will become more popular. We want them to make people’s lives easier, not make them worried. But right now, we don’t know if that will happen.” Liu said. Maybe soon we can eat pre-made meals that are as healthy as fresh food. 1．According to the passage, which one doesn’t belong to pre-made meals? A．B．C． D． 2．The writer might agree that ________ . A．salt and sugar make pre-made foods taste bad B．freezing is the main reason for losing vitamins C．both pre-made meals and fresh foods are healthy D．big and qualified shops sell safer pre-made foods 3．What is the writer’s purpose(目的)of writing this passage? A．To encourage people to stop eating pre-made meals. B．To teach how to cook pre-made meals at home. C．To tell people some problems of pre-made foods. D．To show different kinds of pre-made foods. Passage 8 （23-24七年级下·北京昌平·期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 After a long day’s hard work, you may feel a little tired. Then, you take some cool water, and start to become better. As we all know, drinking water is great for our body. We don’t feel thirsty after drinking enough (足够的) water. It can also help with some health problems like headaches. Last month, a survey of 2,000 people found something new about drinking water—it has some interesting connections (关联) with happiness. In the survey, the scientists learned about how much water these people drink each day. Then they built different groups and studied how these people feel after drinking water. The survey reported that people drinking more water felt much happier, but those drinking less water didn’t feel the same. When they talked about their feelings about life, people drinking enough water a day thought themselves to be more positive (积极的), different from people having little water. So it’s clear that drinking water can bring us happiness. Then, what stops people from drinking enough water? One main reason is that some people think plain water (纯水) is very boring to drink. To make water taste better, they can put some fruits in it. Eating enough fruits and vegetables also helps, because people can get water from most of them. Another reason may be that people forget to drink water when they are very busy. So it’s a good idea to carry a water bottle everywhere and set an alarm to tell them to drink water. Of course, drinking water is not the only way to find happiness in daily life. However, it can be a very easy way to make yourself happy. Drink around six to eight glasses of water a day, make it a habit and enjoy a healthy body as well as a good feeling. 1．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Why the scientists started the survey. B．What the scientists found in the survey. C．How many people took part in the survey. D．How much water people drank in the survey. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Being positive can stop health problems. B．Eating plants improves people's memory. C．Drinking less water makes people feel down. D．Using alarms helps build a water drinking habit. 3．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Is Clean Water Important In Our Life? B．Is Plain Water Really Boring To Drink? C．Water Is A Simple Key To Happiness D．Water Has A Connection To Healthy Eating Passage 9 （23-24七年级下·北京昌平·期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 There are a lot of reasons to go out in nature to look around. It makes us feel happy, helps us know about the plants and animals, and shows us how our world is put together. For some scientists, however, nature gives out something more—the ideas to improve people’s life. They study bees to work out how small robots might “talk” to report the weather. They look at gecko’s feet to find how to make tape. They study fruit flies to help doctors save people’s lives. “There are so many fun ways that animals have developed to solve (解决) problems, and some of them are ones we never thought of,” says Lisa Manning, a professor of the bioinspired (生物启发的) center. There, scientists carry on studies to get ideas for inventions from other living things. Zhenyu Gan is a robot engineer in the center. He makes robots with four legs, instead of robots with wheels (轮子). To find out how legged robots could stand or walk, Gan looks to animals such as horses and mice. “The first thing we have to understand is how they move,” Gan says. “Usually, robots with two legs like people are clumsy, just think about how a baby learns to stand and walk. But my robots have four legs, just like horses, making the robots walk or run easily and fast,” says Gan. Gan’s robots have lots of uses. They can explore the moon. Hospitals use doglike robots to work with doctors. Police use legged robots to search fallen buildings for missing people. Of course, there are many ways to solve problems without looking at nature. “These ways work, and they are easy,” says Manning. “But they may not be as useful as bioinspired inventions (发明), and they can’t work as well as animal ways when changes in nature come.” 1．According to the passage, some scientists study nature to ________. A．grow some plants B．keep animals safe C．change the weather D．make our life better 2．The word “clumsy” in Paragraph 5 means ________. A．quick to give help B．ready to face changes C．difficult to move freely D．dangerous to work with 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Bioinspired inventions can help save people’s lives. B．Lots of people will work with animals in the future. C．Robots with wheels have a lot of uses in our daily life. D．Scientists can use gecko’s feet to make new medicine. 4．What is the purpose (目的) of writing this passage? A．To introduce changes of bioinspired ideas. B．To tell us the difficulties of studying animals. C．To show us how animal ways help in our lives. D．To find out different reasons to look at nature. 主题03 运动健康 Passage 1 （24-25七年级下·北京丰台·期末）Exercise is really good for your body and mind, but starting to exercise might feel hard if you haven’t exercised for a long time. Don’t worry! You can do it! Just take it slow, be kind to yourself, and try to have fun. Ready to get moving? Keep reading for some tips on how to start exercising when you’re out of shape. Walking Just walking a little bit more every day can make a big difference. Plus, being outside in fresh air, especially near nature, can really improve your mind and feelings. Build a walk around your neighborhood (街区) into your daily routine (常规). You can walk around your neighborhood while having your morning coffee, or invite a friend to go for a walk in the park instead of watching TV. If you don’t move much. start with a 10-minute walk every day and try to walk a little longer each time. Look for small ways to add more walking to your day. like getting off the bus a few stops early and walking the rest of the way home. Body Weight (重量) Exercises It’s good to do both cardio (like running) and strength training (like lifting weights). But going to the gym can feel scary and cost a lot of money. The good news is that you can do strength training exercises anywhere, and you don’t need any special equipment-just your own body! Try doing crunches (lying down and lifting your upper body), wall-sits (sitting against a wall like you’re in a chair), and push-ups. These exercises are easy and don’t need any special tools. Spin Class Spin class is a great way to exercise if you’re new to it. You can make the exercise easier or harder depending (依靠) on how you feel. Plus, being in a class means you have a fun teacher and other people to cheer you on. You might even make some new friends! Don’t worry if you feel shy about exercising in front of others. Many spin classes are in rooms with soft light. so if you need to slow down or stop, no one will notice. 1．Which of the following is a benefit of walking in the passage? A．It can help you make more new friends. B．It helps to develop your daily routine easily. C．It builds up your relationship with your neighbors. D．It may make you feel better when you are near nature. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．You need to go to the gym to do strength training exercises. B．You can choose the difficulty of the exercise in spin classes. C．Spin classes are usually in rooms with bright light D．It’s important to prepare a chair for wall-sits. 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．Friendly exercises for beginners. B．Suggestions on strength training. C．Importance of starting training. D．Easy ways to choose exercises. 主题04 其他 Passage 1 （24-25七年级下·北京海淀·期末） As spring arrives and days get longer, many people start to notice there’s a change in how they feel. The warm air, beautiful flowers, and enjoyable sunlight make us feel more energetic and active. But why does this happen? How does sunlight affect our mood? Many studies show that sunlight, temperature and humidity (湿度) can all affect our mental (心理的) health. One of the most important influences is sunlight, which plays a key role in controlling (控制) our body clock, the natural 24-hour cycles that affect sleep, energy and mood. When we experience more sunlight, our brains produce fewer chemicals that make us sleepy and more that help us feel good. That’s why longer days in spring and summer often lead people to a better mood, higher energy and greater well-being. However, when there’s not enough sunlight in winter, many people start feeling worse. They have low energy, feel sad or hopeless, and have difficulty in focusing. The good news is when days get longer in spring, these feelings often get better. As we welcome the spring, here are several ways that we can make the most of spring’s longer days and better weather. Spend time outdoors. We can go hiking or do gardening, where we can enjoy the natural beauty while getting sunlight. Sunlight helps our bodies produce Vitamin D, which is good for our bone health and mood. Exercise regularly. When we do physical activities, our body produces chemicals that make us feel happy. And if we exercise outdoors, sunlight could make us feel even better. Practice mindfulness. It is a great idea to take a moment to have fun in spring, whether listening to birdsong, or feeling the warmth of the sunlight. We can stop for a while and focus on what’s around us, enjoying these moments. Keep a balanced routine. We’d better wake up earlier and get ready for a rest as the sun sets to match our day with natural light. Staying up late is harmful to us. In a word, the arrival of spring and the longer sunlight hours give us a natural treatment for winter blues. Weather, especially sunlight, surely affects mood and mental health. So as the season changes, go outside, feel the sun on your skin, and let the energy lift your mood. Remember: spending time in nature can make you happier and healthier. 1．What may people experience if they don’t have enough sunlight in winter? A．Being full of energy. B．Being more focused. C．Feeling angry easily. D．Feeling more hopeless. 2．According to the passage, to have a good mood, we can ________. A．stay in a gym and do more physical activities B．visit museums to learn about creative works of art C．have a picnic or ride bicycles in the park on a nice day D．get up late to have a good and enough sleep on weekends 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To study when and why people are in a blue mood. B．To encourage people to enjoy sunshine and fresh air. C．To explain why and how weather affects our moods. D．To introduce some ways to make use of more daylight. Passage 2 （24-25七年级下·北京海淀·期末）You probably know lots of things that are good for your brain: reading, solving puzzles, getting enough exercise and sleep, and eating healthy foods. Now, here is something else to add to the list: arts. In recent years, scientists have been researching how arts affect your body, brain and behavior. Researchers find that practicing or just enjoying arts can change your brain and behavior. These changes can make you think clearer and feel happier. They can even help you do better in school. Jessica Bone, a researcher from Social Behavioural Research Centre of World Health Organisation, recently reviewed studies on the arts and well-being. She found that doing art can help teens feel less sad and more excited to do things. In one of her studies, Jessica noticed that children were less likely to have behavioral problems at age 11 if they enjoyed creative activities at age 7—such as telling stories or doing handmade works. They connected with other people better and are also better able to pay attention to adults. Another of her studies also showed that dance can help unhappy teenagers feel better. Arts, however, may not just lift your mood. It may even lead to changes in your brain. The brain controls things like decision-making, planning and paying attention. It helps you control impulses (冲动), organize your time and think creatively about problems. Training in arts may affect how the brain works on these tasks. Assal Habibi is a scientist studying the brain at the University of Southern California. Her work focuses on how music affects the brain. In one study, Habibi and her team studied brain changes and activity in kids aged 9 to 11. They found parts of the brain that process sound were thicker in musically trained kids. That may be a sign of greater function (功能) in these parts of their brains. Brains of kids who’d spent two years learning to play a musical instrument showed another interesting change, Habibi’s team noted. They showed more activity in regions (区域) that help rein in impulsive reactions, so these kids are better at holding back the impulse to jump in so that they have greater patience to wait for their turns. Parents noticed a difference in student musicians, too, Habibi says. After their training, those students seemed less aggressive (有攻击性的). They also were better at communicating with family and friends. 1．According to Jessica Bone, students doing arts activities can ________. A．become more active B．think in different ways C．have more self-control D．get out of their bad habits 2．What does Habibi’s study tell us? A．The brain’s sound processing area develops with age. B．Music training helps teenagers to make a lot more friends. C．Student musicians usually behave more politely and kindly. D．Musically trained brains show less activity in impulse control area. 3．What does the underlined phrase “rein in” in Paragraph 8 probably mean? A．practice B．improve C．cause D．control 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The ways to help your brain to grow stronger. B．The benefits people can get from artistic activities. C．The tools that can help make people feel less worried. D．The reasons why people want to learn a musical instrument. Passage 3 （24-25七年级下·北京朝阳·期末） Take Time for Ourselves Life today moves very fast, so we often feel busy and tired. Many people think that being with others all the time makes us happy, but I have learned that it’s OK to take time for ourselves. In the past, I joined every club, took part in every class activity, and replied to every group message (消息). These things made me very tired and stressed (心力交瘁的). I thought, “Is there something wrong with me when I want to be alone?” I decided to try spending time alone and see how it felt. At first, it was hard, but soon I grew to like it. When I was alone, I felt calmer little by little. This time gave me a chance to enjoy peaceful moments, think clearly, and understand my feelings. In a busy and noisy world, finding such alone time helped me feel comfortable and return to myself. This kind of solitude helped me discover deep calmness and power. However, connecting with others is still important. It helps us make friends and stay close to people we care about. But our energy isn’t endless, so we need to use it carefully. Sometimes, answering messages can feel tiring. It’s OK to take a break before replying. This doesn’t mean we don’t care—it means we’re taking care of ourselves. After resting when we’re tired, we feel better, calmer, and think more clearly. Looking after ourselves is not selfish (自私的). In fact, it helps us be there for others when we’re ready. So, don’t feel bad about needing alone time. Taking care of ourselves doesn’t mean we are powerless—it’s the first step to a happier and more peaceful life. Remember to rest when we need to. 1．The writer uses his/her example to tell us that ________. A．fast life leads to poor social skills B．taking time for oneself is OK in a busy life C．joining in every activity brings us happiness D．being with others all the time makes us relaxed 2．What does the word “solitude” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Aloneness. B．Connection. C．Power. D．Happiness. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Forgetting our feelings helps us stay strong. B．Looking after ourselves can improve our life. C．Spending time alone is selfish and unhelpful. D．Being social is more important than staying alone. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare different ways to live a happy life. B．To discuss the importance of connecting with others. C．To suggest people balance time alone and with others. D．To call on people to spend more time caring for others. Passage 4 （23-24七年级下·北京通州·期末） When you want to ask your teacher a question during the math class, what do you do? Do you simply shout (喊) out your question as soon as it comes into your mind? Or do you put up your hand and wait until the teacher calls your name? If you put up your hand first, it’s maybe because your teacher has a rule (规则) that tells what you should do when you have a question. Can you imagine (想象) what it would be like if everyone could simply talk whenever they want during class? What if everyone could simply get up and do whatever they want to do during class? Do you think much learning would take place? Everyone needs an orderly and peaceful classroom. If there are no rules, the classroom will be chaotic! You may feel like there are too many rules. After all, you have rules at home. You have rules at school. You have rules in the sports you play and the clubs you take part in. Why do we have to have so many rules? In fact, why do there have to be any rules at all? To live in a society, we must have rules. Some rules are informal (非正式), your teacher and parents will be angry with you when you break (打破) these rules. Some are very important rules, they are known as laws and braking them can have bad consequences (后果), such as going to jail (监狱) or paying a fine. When you learn to drive, you’ll understand how many rules you should follow when driving on the road. The rules for driving have a common goal (共同目标): keeping you safe. If you make a list of the rules you follow each day, you can quickly understand how many of them exist (存在) to keep you safe and make your life more enjoyable. If there are no rules to follow, things could get dangerous. 1．The writer uses the math class as an example to show ______. A．students should act freely during class B．everyone should keep quiet in the classroom C．classroom rules help to keep learning in order D．teachers should answer students’ questions in class 2．The word “chaotic” in Paragraph 3 means ______. A．in the middle B．in a mess C．in order D．in the right way 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Sports rules are not important. B．Young students can do whatever they want to do. C．People go to jail if they break informal rules. D．The rules for driving help people keep safe on the road. 4．The writer wants to tell us ______. A．following rules helps people live safely and happily B．driving on the road can have bad consequences C．listing the rules is the best way to stay away from troubles D．people can live happily if there are no rules to follow / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $