专题04 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，陕西专用）八年级英语下学期

**基本信息** 聚焦真实情境与文化传承，精选陕西多地期末真题，覆盖说明文核心阅读技能，适配八年级下册期末复习。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|59题（单题1-2分）|细节理解（如黄河发源地）、推理判断（如撒哈拉沙漠动植物）、主旨大意（如志愿服务方式）、词义猜测（如“audience”“vivid”）|结合春分习俗、黄河文明等中华文化素材；融入健康管理、环保调查等生活情境；设计图表题（如环保调查结果）和跨文化对比题（如英美英语差异），贴合中考命题趋势。|

专题04 阅读理解之说明文 主题01 人与社会——中华文化 Passage1 （24-25八年级下·陕西咸阳·期末） Chunfen (the Spring Equinox) means the change of seasons. The day of Chunfen falls exactly in mid-spring around March 19th to 22nd. On this day, just as on Qiufen in autumn, the sun shines directly (直接地) on the equator (赤道). That makes the days and the nights have the same length (长度) everywhere in the world. After Chunfen, the days are longer and the nights are shorter. People often use the weather of Chunfen to forecast (预测) the weather of the future, as a number of old sayings go, “If it rains on Chunfen, we might get heavy rain in the coming days; a warm Chunfen might bring a cold Qingming.” 1．When is Chunfen every year? A．Around March 19th to 22nd. B．Around March 18th to 20th. C．Around May 19th to 22nd. D．Around May 18th to 20th. 2．Which picture is most probably Chunfen according to the passage? A． B． C． D． 3．What will a warm Chunfen bring? A．A cold Jingzhe. B．A warm Jingzhe. C．A cold Qingming. D．A warm Qingming. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西西安·期末） The Yellow River, known as China’s “Mother River”, is over 5,400 kilometers starting from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原) to the Bohai Sea. It gets its name from the yellow mud (泥土) it carries from the Loess Plateau (黄土高原). This rich mud is perfect for farming. For many years, Chinese farmers grew crops like rice and wheat along its banks. Early Chinese emperors even built their capitals near the river. That’s why it’s called the “cradle of Chinese civilization (文明的摇篮)”. But the Yellow River is also called “China’s Big Problem”. Why? Its floods (洪水) once destroyed villages and crops. That was the biggest challenge for ancient people. To control the river, ancient people built walls along its sides. Later, modern dams like the Xiaolangdi Dam (小浪底大坝) helped stop floods. Today, the river faces new challenges: pollution and water shortages. Millions of people need its water to drink and farm. Taking good care of this river is key to China’s future. 4．Where does the Yellow River start? A．The Bohai Sea. B．The Loess Plateau. C．The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. D．Farmlands in Henan. 5．Why is the Yellow River called the “cradle of Chinese civilization”? A．Because it helped build factories. B．Because early Chinese emperors built their capitals near it. C．Because it provides drinking water for millions of people. D．Because people can go swimming in it. 6．Which is true about the Xiaolangdi Dam? A．People in modern times built it to help stop floods. B．Ancient people built it to help stop floods. C．It once destroyed villages and crops. D．It is called “China’s Big Problem”. 7．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The Longest River—the Yangtze River in China B．The Yellow River: China’s Mother River and Its Challenges C．How Dams Stopped Floods in Ancient China D．The Meaning of Water in Chinese Farming 主题02 人与自我——健康与运动 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西榆林·期末） In recent years, more and more people, especially teenagers, are facing weight (体重) problems. So a “Three-Year Action Plan for Weight Management (管理)” has been introduced to deal with this. The plan wants to help people, especially teenagers, develop healthy habits to keep a proper weight, which will be good for them. The plan is mainly about two key parts: eating healthily and exercising regularly. Eating healthily means having all kinds of foods. It includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and proteins (like eggs and beans), while eating less fried, sugary, and salty foods like fried chicken. Regular exercise is also very important. It can help make the body stronger. The plan advises that teenagers should do at least 60 minutes of exercise every day. Activities such as running, cycling, and playing basketball are great ideas. Schools also play an important part in this plan. Some schools have added classes to teach students about healthy eating. They also now provide more P.E. classes to make sure students get enough exercise. Some schools even run weight-management clubs, where students can share their experiences and encourage each other to reach their weight goals (目标). Parents need to join in, too. They should set a good example by living healthily at home. For example, they can cook healthy meals with their children and take family walks together regularly. 8．What is the goal of “Three-Year Action Plan”? A．To help teenagers develop healthy habits. B．To encourage teenagers to eat less unhealthy food. C．To make traditional Chinese food popular. D．To teach students how to cook healthy meals. 9．What kind of exercise is advised for teenagers according to the text? A．Keeping running or cycling. B．Joining sports clubs after school. C．Cooking meals at home alone. D．Taking hobby classes with friends. 10．Schools can __________ to follow the plan. A．hold more sports games B．allow students to exercise during breaks C．organize classes about healthy eating habits D．make daily life plans for students with parents 11．What is the main idea of the text? A．Teenagers’ way of life needs a big change. B．Managing weight needs healthy habits and support (支持). C．Schools and parents should control teenagers’ meals. D．Teenagers should understand the importance of sports. 主题03 人与自然——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西西安·期末） In Africa, on the border (边界) of Zimbabwe and Zambia, sits one of the world’s largest waterfalls, Victoria Falls. It is more than a kilometer long and more than a hundred meters high. The water of the waterfall comes from the Zambezi River. The Zambezi River is the fourth largest river in Africa, running over 1, 600 miles-from its source (源头) to the sea. Along the way, it passes through the countries Zambia, Angola; Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Between the border of Zimbabwe and Zambia, the river plunges (骤降) more than 350 feet. The waterfall has a rainy season and a dry season. The best time to visit it is in June and July. During the dry season from late August to October, you can walk across the top of the falls. People swim at the top of the falls. There is a natural swimming pool known as the Devil’s Pool. Elephants, birds and other animals come to the river and the falls during this season. During the rainy season, from November to April, about 1,135.62 tons of water pour over the falls every second. There is so much water and mist (薄雾) that it’s hard to see the falls. The river and the falls can be very dangerous during this season. 12．From Paragraph 1, we know Victoria Falls is ________. A．in Asia B．in Zimbabwe C．one of the largest waterfalls in the world D．one of the highest waterfalls in the world 13．How many countries does the Zambezi River pass through? A．5. B．6. C．7. D．8. 14．What is the best title for the passage? A．Different Falls in Different Seasons B．One of the Largest Waterfalls—Victoria Falls C．The Amazing River in Africa D．The Source of Victoria Falls Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西宝鸡·期末） The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world. It’s about 9,320,000 square kilometers in size. This is almost the size of the USA or China. The Nile runs through the Sahara all year round. But there are also other rivers running through it seasonally (季节性地). The geography of the desert includes huge sand dunes (沙丘) and dune fields (沙丘地). Some of the sand dunes are so huge that they can even be over 152 meters high. When you go on a visit in the Sahara, you may feel you are in a sea of sand. But there are also other amazing landforms (地形) in different parts of the desert. It’s very hot and dry in the Sahara. The temperature there is usually 30℃. However, during the hottest months, the temperature can go over 50℃. Because of the high temperatures and poor conditions of the desert, only a few plants live here, just about 500 kinds. They also play a role in the number of animals. In the driest part of the desert, there are only 70 different kinds of animals. 15．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．The Sahara’s size. B．The Sahara’s temperatures. C．The Sahara’s rivers. D．The Sahara’s history. 16．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Sand dunes. B．Dune fields. C．Landforms. D．Animals. 17．What can we know about the Sahara from the passage? A．It is almost as big as China. B．It is about 932,000 square kilometers in size. C．There are many different kinds of plants in the Sahara. D．There aren’t amazing landforms in different parts of the desert. 18．Where can we most probably see this passage? A．In a storybook. B．In a geography book. C．In an animal magazine. D．In a sports newspaper. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·安徽滁州·期末） The Roe River, lies in Montana, USA, is believed the shortest river in the world. It’s only about 201 feet long, which is really short compared to other well-known rivers. The Roe River connects (连接) Giant Springs to the Missouri River. Giant Springs is a large spring (泉) that is full of fresh water. It produces a huge amount of water. This water runs through the Roe River and then joins the Missouri River. The history of the Roe River is pretty interesting. A．H. Thayer found it in the late 19th century. Thayer was traveling in the area when he came across this unusual short river. However, it wasn’t until later that many people around the world believed the Roe River was the shortest river in the world. In 1989, the Guinness Book of World Records accepted the Roe River as the world’s shortest river. Even though it’s short, the Roe River is very special. It has a special ecosystem (生态系统). Small fish and all kinds of plants live in its water. Many visitors are interested in its clear water. They come to see this amazing natural wonder and take pictures. It shows that size doesn’t always matter; even a short river like the Roe River can be a fascinating part of our planet. 19．Where is the Roe River? A．In America. B．In Canada. C．In Australia. D．In England. 20．What does the underlined word “It” refer to (指的是)? A．The Roe River. B．The Missouri River. C．Giant Springs. D．Montana. 21．What can we know about the Roe River? A．It is over 300 feet long. B．It appeared in the early 20th century. C．It is the second shortest river in the world. D．It has a special ecosystem with small fish and plants. 主题04 人与社会——志愿服务 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西咸阳·期末） Looking for a new way to raise money for charity (慈善机构)? Has your school got any clever and fun ideas? If not, don’t give up. Here are several ways to support your favorite charity. How about organizing a car wash? Everybody who has a car needs to wash it, so why don’t you and your classmates do the job? The car owners (车主) will pay you money and the money can go toward your charity. When we did it, we had a wonderful time! At first, some of us were worried about getting wet or dirty and it’s true. But we also had fun, and at the end of the day, it was really worth it. If you don’t feel like getting wet or dirty, why not give a street concert? Street musicians can make a lot of money. If you are good at singing and are not afraid to play in front of the audience, you can also make it. You just need to find a right place, practice for a few hours with your friends first, and give it a try! I hope the above ideas can help you a lot, and if you’ve got any other great pieces of advice, we would love to hear them and practice them, too. Good luck! 22．What does the writer think of a car wash? A．It’s easy but dirty. B．It’s easy and fun. C．It’s cheap but dirty. D．It’s dirty but fun. 23．What does the underlined word “audience” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Listeners. B．Drivers. C．Doctors. D．Teachers. 24．How many ways does the writer come up with to raise money for charity? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 25．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．How to Organize a Car Wash. B．How to Give a Street Concert. C．How to Raise Money for Charity. D．How to Make Money After School. 主题05 人与自然——发明与创造 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西安康·期末） Technologies (科技) Making School Life “SMART” E-books In the future, students may only bring e-books to school. In fact, some schools are already doing this. E-books can keep notes and students feel relaxed with lighter schoolbags. Robot teachersThere are robot teachers in the schools in some cities. These robots can help students with their studies. They can also help them solve problems. E-skates With a pair of e-skates, you can walk to school faster! E-skates can be tied(捆绑) to your shoes easily. And there are four speed settings you can choose. Flying aidsIf students get hurt (受伤的) and need help at school, drones (无人机) can be of great use. They can give some help faster than people, and they can also carry medicine or clothes. 26．How many kinds of technologies are mentioned in the text? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 27．How do students like lighter schoolbags? A．Worried. B．Relaxed. C．Bored. D．Terrible. 28．Why are drones useful when students get hurt at school? A．Because they can play music to make students happy. B．Because they can give help faster than people and carry things. C．Because they can tell stories to students. D．Because they can make phone calls to parents. 主题06 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西咸阳·期末） As we all know, environmental pollution is still serious (严重的) nowadays. Our group wanted to know how many students knew about each kind of the pollution and we wanted to learn how often they sorted rubbish, so we did a survey (调查) among the students in our grade. Here are the results. 29．________ is known by the fewest students in our grade. A．Air pollution B．Water pollution C．Global warming D．Noise pollution 30．________ have begun to sort rubbish according to (根据) the survey. A．All of the students B．Most of the students C．Some of the students D．None of the students 31．The survey is mainly about ________. A．water activities B．environmental protection C．everyday habits D．physical education 主题07 人与社会——家庭关系 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西汉中·期末） Our parents are important people in our life. They are our first teachers in our life. They love us and help us all the time. Do you want to get on well with them? Here are some ways to help you to be happy with your parents. Have fun together. How much time do you spend just enjoying being with each other? Ask your parents to play with you. Go outside together, try some sports, or go to the movies. Be kind. Little things may bring a lot to your parents. Make a meal for them by yourself and that can make your parents happy. Ask for help. When you are in trouble or meet some sad things, you can ask your parents for help and advice. They will be happy to listen to you and help you. Have a try. You don’t have to be the best but you need to have a try. They will be happy to see you have the courage to achieve your dream. It lets them know they’re doing a good job in helping you grow up. 32．Why are our parents important people in our life? A．Because they teach us first in our life. B．Because they love us sometimes. C．Because they give us a hand only when we’re young. D．Because they are happy all the time. 33．What should we do if we have a problem according to the passage? A．Listen to our teachers. B．Ask our parents for help. C．Turn to our friends around. D．Try to solve it by ourselves. 34．The best title of the passage is ________. A．How to Love and Teach Kids B．How to Talk with Your Parents C．How to Keep Happy with Your Parents D．Try to Be the Best of Yourself 主题01 人与社会——景点建筑 Passage1 （24-25八年级下·陕西延安·期末） New York City is the city with the most population in the United States. It is also one of the largest cities in the world. Every year, a lot of foreigners visit there to see the modern city. Here are some of the most famous places of interest in New York City. Empire (帝国) State Building:The Empire State Building is a 103-floor building. Its location is in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It stands a total of 1,454 feet (443m) high. Its name is from the nickname for New York — the Empire State. Statue of Liberty:The Statue of Liberty is a great sculpture (雕像) on Liberty Island in the middle of New York Harbor. It was a gift to the United States from the people of France. It is one of the symbols of the United States now. The United Nations Headquarters (联合国总部):The headquarters of the United Nations is a building in New York City. It was finished in 1952. In the east of this building, people can see the beautiful scenery of the East River. 1．The writer talks about ________ places of interest in New York. A．2 B．3 C．4 D．5 2．The underlined word “scenery” may mean “________” in Chinese. A．人群 B．景色 C．背面 D．作品 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．New York City is the city with the least population in the United States. B．The Empire State Building stands a total of 443 feet high. C．The Statue of Liberty was a gift to the United States from France. D．The headquarters of the United Nations was finished in 1954. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西渭南·期末） The Great Wall of ChinaIt is mainly in the north of China. It has a long history. It is a must for people to visit, as Chairman Mao said in his poem, “He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” So many people go there to challenge (挑战) themselves. Shanghai Oriental Pearl TV TowerThe tower’s total height is 468 meters. With a space capsule on top, visitors can go up there and get a bird’s-eye view of Shanghai. The tower was built in 1994, and is a symbol of modern and open China. Yellow Crane TowerYellow Crane Tower is in Wuhan. It’s 51.4 meters high. Its history dates back to the Three Kingdoms period. The tower became more famous after a poem by Cui Hao. There are as many as 1,500 famous poems about the tower, and every poem tells a story. 4．Why do many people visit the Great Wall? A．To challenge themselves. B．To become famous and successful. C．To learn from Chairman Mao. D．To read Chairman Mao’s poem. 5．Shanghai Oriental Pearl TV Tower has been built for ______. A．23 years B．28 years C．31 years D．35 years 6．If Jean wants to know more about Yellow Crane Tower, what can she do? A．Travel through famous mountains. B．Enjoy the beautiful sight of Wuhan. C．Get a bird’s-eye view of Wuhan. D．Read some ancient Chinese poems. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·陕西延安·期末） Have you ever been to any museums? China is in a “museum fever” now. More and more people choose to visit museums. On a cold December morning, there were thousands of people waiting to enter the National Museum of China in Beijing. The National Museum of China has been one of the most well-known museums in China. It is also one of the largest museums in the world. Until November 28, 2024, the National Museum of China has been visited by 6.3 million visitors in the year. This means over 20,000 people visit the museum every day in 2024. Here is a short history of the National Museum of China. November 1920 The National Museum of History was officially (正式地) established (建立). October 1926 The museum officially opened to people. October 1949 The museum was renamed the Beijing Museum of History. August 1960 The Beijing Museum of History was renamed National Museum of Chinese History. February 2003 The National Museum of Chinese Revolution (革命) and the National Museum of Chinese History merged (合并) to form the National Museum of China. March 2011 The new National Museum of China opened to people. 7．By saying “museum fever” in the first paragraph, the writer means ________. A．people may have a fever if they go to museums B．museums are too warm for people to stay C．museums are getting more and more popular D．museums are getting less popular than before 8．According to the passage, ________ people visit the museum every day in 2024. A．6.3 million B．over 20,000 C．about 2000 D．hundreds of 9．What is the right time order (时间顺序) of the following sentences? ①The new National Museum of China opened to the public. ②The Beijing Museum of History was renamed National Museum of Chinese History. ③The National Museum of History was officially established. ④The museum was renamed the Beijing Museum of History. A．②③④① B．②④①③ C．③②①④ D．③④②① 主题02 人与社会——志愿服务 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西西安·期末） Oxfam is a charity that helps people all over the world. Oxfam started in Oxford in 1942 when a group of people decided to help victims of famine (饥荒的受害者). Here are some simple ways you can help Oxfam. Raise money for Oxfam There are lots of fun ways to raise money. Why not organize a concert or a sporting event at your school and sell tickets? Or perhaps you could make cakes or sweets and sell them to people. Buy an Oxfam gift Are you looking for a special gift for a friend? When you buy an Oxfam gift, your friend will get a card and Oxfam will send a gift to a poor country. The gift can be something like a meal, clean water, a tree or a jacket. Sometimes a few friends put their money together to buy a big gift, like a water tank (水槽) to give clean water to a whole village. Make changes to the world around you What do you want to change in the world? How do you think we can make that change? Talking about them to people around you is the first step to make things happen. You can find people with the same opinions and ideas and work together to make the world a better place. 10．Oxfam is a ________. A．food factory B．hospital C．charity group D．small country 11．Which way to help Oxfam is NOT mentioned (被提到) in the passage? A．Organizing a sporting event. B．Buying a gift for your friend there. C．Working together to make the world better. D．Visiting a poor country with your friends. 12．What is the best title for the passage? A．How to Help Oxfam B．What Oxfam is about C．How to Raise Money D．Why to Organize a Concert Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西西安·期末） Abramov is an 11-year-old boy from Russia. He likes drawing, and he has joined in many painting competitions and achieved many good results. Abramov had a pet dog named Flower five years ago. He played with it every afternoon after school. But unluckily, the dog died of illness six months ago. In honor of (为了纪念) Flower, he started drawing pictures of Flower and posted them online. Many people saw the pictures and thought they looked real and vivid, so they asked Abramov to draw their own pets, from cats and dogs to rabbits and parrots. Abramov often asked them to donate pet food to animal shelters (收容所) in return. Abramov is now selling his pictures to help animals. When he gets pet food, he takes it to the town’s animal shelters. On weekends, he sometimes does some voluntary work at a nearby animal shelter. There, he helps look after the animals or cleans the small rooms where the animals live. Abramov has drawn more than 100 pictures of pets. His parents and teachers are supportive of him. So he decides to continue this great work. He says he will lead more students to do the work better. 13．Where did people see Abramov’s pictures at first? A．At pet stores. B．On the Internet. C．In animal shelters. D．At food stores. 14．The underlined word “vivid” in Paragraph 2 means “______” in Chinese? A．生动的 B．复古的 C．糟糕的 D．实惠的 15．What did the people pay to Abramov in return? A．Money. B．Drawing tools. C．A pet. D．Pet food. 16．Why did Abramov decide to continue this great work? A．Because he wanted to become more famous. B．Because his parents and teachers supported him. C．Because the animal shelter was thankful to him. D．Because his pictures of Flower sold better and better. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·陕西安康·期末） In a community (社区), a team named “Shared Children” is getting popular. It works hard to help the old people without children around. At first, the community started “Knocking on the Door”, hoping that the old people would get help in time. However, the community did not have enough workers to help so many old people. So, the idea of “Shared Children” came out. There are more than 108 volunteers in the team now. They help the old buy things, walk with them and cook for them. The volunteers are not all young people. Fan Fawen is a retired (退休的) train driver. He joined the volunteer team two years ago. He often helps to repair something in the elderly people’s homes and buys them fruit and vegetables. Liu Chunyan,43, is also one of the volunteers. “Many elderly people now live without children around and feel solitary, so we should help them and talk with them more often,” Liu says. “Shared Children” makes a big difference. More people now start to learn about the team. More people will join it in the future. 17．The community stopped “Knocking on the Door” because ______. A．it didn’t have enough money B．it didn’t have enough workers C．the old people didn’t like the idea D．the old people can’t find them easily 18．What does the underlined word “solitary” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Independent. B．Stupid. C．Safe. D．Lonely. 19．Which of the following is TRUE? A．“Shared Children” is useful. B．Fan Fawen is in control of the team. C．Liu Chunyan is a retired train driver. D．The volunteers are all teenagers. 20．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The opinions of doing volunteer. B．The ways to look after old people. C．Old people’s difficulties. D．Some facts on a good volunteer program. 主题03 人与社会——中华文化 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西省西安市·期末） Making Dragon Boat Festival Sachets (香囊) Every year at the Dragon Boat Festival, Chinese families make sachets—small cloth bags filled with smelly plants. These sachets are nice to look at and are said to keep bad luck and bugs away. Let’s learn to make one!   What You Need- Colorful cloth               - Scissors and thread - Herbs (药草)               - Decorations (装饰品) How to Make a Sachet ★Cut the Cloth Cut two small, same-sized cloth pieces (about 10cm x 10cm). Pick cloth with fun patterns — dragons or flowers are great for the festival! ★Sew Three Sides Put the two cloth pieces together. Sew three sides with thread, leaving one side open. Then turn the cloth inside out so the sewn parts are hidden. ★Fill with Herbs Mix the herbs in a bowl. Use a spoon to put the herbs into the cloth bag until it’s half full. The herbs not only smell nice but are also believed to bring good luck. ★Close and Decorate Sew the open side shut, but leave a small space to put a string through. Tie the string at the top, then add beads or ribbons to make it pretty. Done! Why We Make Sachets Long ago, people thought sachets could protect them from illness and bad things. Now, making sachets is a fun way to enjoy the festival with family. The sweet smells and happy time together make the tradition special. Try making a sachet this Dragon Boat Festival — it’s easy and full of meaning! 21．How many steps do people need to make a sachet according to the text? A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6. 22．Why did ancient people make sachets according to the text? A．To use as toys for children. B．To create new festival games. C．To enjoy the festival with family. D．To stay safe from sickness and bad things. 23．Where would you most likely find this text? A．In a DIY guidebook. B．In a cooking book. C．In a history textbook. D．In a travel magazine. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西汉中·期末） Have you heard of the rooftop farm in Beijing Winter Olympic Village? It covered 4,620 square meters. To relax, people could try growing vegetables or planting something there. It shows just how much Chinese people love planting. China has a vast (广袤的) land and gets a lot of available land for planting things. For hundreds of years, Chinese people made a living through farming. The Book of Songs that was written 2,500 years ago records many kinds of vegetables. Nowadays, some Chinese people no longer have a lot of land, but they still grow vegetables where they can. Xue Ling, 35 years old, is one of them. Since 2018, she has planted vegetables on the balcony (阳台) of her apartment in Jiaozuo, Henan province. “It’s the only way to keep my food, at least the vegetables, cleaner and safer,” she told China Daily. Caroline Ma, from Hong Kong, grows vegetables as a hobby. In 2020, Ma started farming on her rooftop and began planting seeds collected during her travels. For Ma, farming is an experience of thinking about life. “I am in my own little world and I can forget about the problems around me,” she said. It seems that planting vegetables brings more than just food for Chinese people. 24．The underlined word “available” in Paragraph 2 means “________”. A．贫瘠的 B．可用的 C．有害的 D．有限的 25．According to the passage, why do Chinese people without farmland still grow vegetables? ① To eat clean and safe food. ② To make a living by farming. ③ To forget about the troubles. ④ To grow them as a hobby. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④ 26．In which part of a newspaper can we read this passage? A．Humans and Plants. B．Humans and Science. C．Humans and Sports. D．Humans and Animals. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·陕西安康·期末） Do you know the Yellow River haozi? It is an ancient folk song in China. Chinese people created it when they fought against the Yellow River floods. It’s said that in the past, no boatmen would sail (航行) on the Yellow River without singing it. As time went by, the Yellow River haozi slowly became a song with some rhythms (节奏). And anything can be a part of the words of the haozi: a plant, a man, a mountain, or a drop of water. So far, it has developed a lot and has been an important part of China’s music history. The Yellow River haozi has been with boatmen for hundreds of years. It is so wonderful that boatmen can really express their feelings and relax themselves when they sing it. The rhythms of it are usually similar to water flow and wind waves. It shows the boatmen enjoy nature, rather than simply complain about (抱怨) difficulties. It also shows the importance of teamwork and how boatmen fight against hard life. The songs help boatmen be stronger, braver and more powerful. The Yellow River haozi carries the long history and rich cultures of the Yellow River. It is also one of the oldest cultures with great historical value. 27．When did people create the Yellow River haozi? A．When they fought against the Yellow River floods. B．When they sailed on the Yellow River. C．When they enjoyed folk songs. D．When they traveled by boat. 28．Which is NOT the spirit behind the Yellow River haozi? A．Never give up. B．Work together. C．Fight against hard life. D．Enjoy nature. 29．What can we know about the Yellow River haozi? A．It shows the real feelings of boatmen. B．It is the oldest song in China. C．It has a short history but has great historical value. D．It is an important part of China’s science history. 主题04 人与自然——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西西安·期末） Materials（材料） √A wide glass jar with a lid √Very hot water √Some ice √A match Very important! Only parents can use matches! Steps of making the cloud 1. Turn the lid upside down and fill it with ice. 2. Fill the jar about 1.5 cm with very hot water. 3. Ask your parent to light a match. Then blow out the match just above the jar. Hold the smoking stick inside the jar. (You want smoke from the match to fill the jar.) 4. Quickly put the lid with ice on the jar. Cover the jar completely. 5. Let the cloud form for a few minutes. Then take the lid off and meet the cloud! Result A real cloud comes up. But it is not round and it disappears（消失）soon. 30．What is the right order of “making the cloud”? ①             ②                ③                  ④                 ⑤ A．①②③⑤④ B．①③⑤②④ C．①④③⑤② D．①⑤②③④ 31．What is the result of the experiment? A．A real cloud comes up. B．The cloud is round. C．The cloud turns into water. D．The cloud doesn’t disappear. 32．Where does the text probably come from? A．A novel B．A storybook C．A travel guide D．A science magazine Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西咸阳·期末） Do you know when the Olympic Games first came into being? The Olympic Games are the world’s oldest multi-sporting (多项目运动) event. They started in 776 BC in a place called Olympia in Greece. The games stopped in 393 AD, but started again in 1896. The ancient Olympics According to stories, King Ifitos of Elis in Greece started the games as a way to stop the fighting among Greek kingdoms. They competed in sports events instead of fighting. There were about 20 kinds of sports and only Greek men could join. The modern Olympics A Frenchman came up with the idea to hold the first modern Olympic Games. He wanted to make more people play sports. So he promoted it. He thought it would be better for young men to compete than fight. The first games were held in Athens in 1896 and 245 people from 15 nations joined it. At the time it was the biggest international sporting event. The modern Olympic Games are held every four years. These are divided into the Summer and Winter Games. They are held two years apart (相隔). Winners get a gold, silver or bronze medal. 33．When were the Olympic Games first born? A．In 776 BC． B．In 393 AD． C．In 245 BC． D．In 1896. 34．Why did King Ifitos of Elis hold the games? A．To make people’s life more colorful. B．To give the poor a chance to make money. C．To stop the fighting among Greek kingdoms. D．To make Greek men stronger than men in other places. 35．The underlined word “promoted” in the passage means “__________” in Chinese. A．保护 B．推动 C．抵制 D．改变 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·陕西咸阳·期末） What Can Trees Tell Us?Usually, trees can live for hundreds, even thousands of years. So, trees can keep a record of the earth’s climate (气候) for a long time. If you see a stump (树桩), you may find that the top of the stump has many rings (环). These rings can tell us how old the tree is and what the weather was like during each year of the tree’s life. In most places, daily weather records have only been kept for the past 100 to 150 years. So, scientists can use trees to learn about the climate hundreds to thousands of years ago. 36．According to the text, which part of a tree can record the climate? A．Its roots. B．Its leaves. C．Its rings. D．Its branches. 37．We can know that the tree rings ________. A．can’t show the dry and rainy season B．grow thinner in warm and wet years C．only show a tree’s age D．have dark and light colors 38．Where can we read the text? A．On a website about nature. B．On a history book. C．On a health magazine. D．On a sports newspaper. 主题05 人与自我——健康与运动 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西渭南·期末） In recent years, more and more people, especially teenagers (青少年), are facing weight problems. So a “Three-Year Action Plan for Weight Management (管理)” has been introduced to deal with this. The plan wants to help people, especially teenagers, develop healthy habits to keep a proper weight, which will be good for them. The plan is mainly about two key parts: eating healthily and exercising regularly. Eating healthily means having all kinds of foods. It includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and proteins (like eggs and beans), while eating less fried, sugary, and salty foods like fried chicken. Regular exercise is also very important. It can help make the body stronger. The plan advises that teenagers should do at least 60 minutes of exercise every day. Activities such as running, cycling, and playing basketball are great ideas. Schools also play an important part in this plan. Some schools have added classes to teach students about healthy eating. They also now provide more P. E. classes to make sure students get enough exercise. Some schools even run weight-management clubs, where students can share their experiences and encourage each other to reach their weight goals (目标). Parents need to join in, too. They should set a good example by living healthily at home. For example, they can cook healthy meals with their children and take family walks together regularly. 39．What do the underlined words “deal with” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Hope. B．Discuss. C．Change. D．Solve. 40．What kind of exercise is advised for teenagers according to the text? A．Keeping running or cycling. B．Joining sports clubs after school. C．Cooking meals at home alone. D．Taking hobby classes with friends. 41．Schools can ________ to follow the plan. A．hold more sports games B．allow students to exercise during breaks C．organize classes about healthy eating habits D．make life plans for students with parents 42．What is the main idea of the text? A．Teenagers’ way of life needs a big change. B．Managing weight needs healthy habits and support. C．Schools and parents should control teenagers’ meals. D．Teenagers should understand the importance of sports. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西西安·期末） We all know that not getting enough sleep is bad for our health. But it has been found that less sleep could even make you have fewer friends, The Guardian reported. According to researchers from the University of California, people who don’t get enough sleep are less willing to socialize (社交) with others. They are just too tired to go out. The researchers did a small study. They tested 18 young people who just had a good night’s sleep and tested them again after a sleepless night. The participants watched videos of people walking toward them. When the person on the video got too “close” to them, they stopped the video. The results showed when the participants got a good night’s sleep, they allowed the person to get much closer to them. According to lead researcher Matthew Walker, the less sleep you get, the less you want to socialize with others. In turn, other people may think you are weird (奇怪的) and stay away from you. This can make you feel lonely and make you sleep even less. It becomes a vicious cycle (恶性循环). So if you want to be a more sociable and popular person, sleeping well might help. “One night of good sleep makes you feel more outgoing and socially confident,” Walker told the Daily Mail. 43．Researchers from the University of California believe that less sleep ________. A．makes school life harder B．is good for one’s health C．makes people less sociable D．causes people to become nervous 44．The underlined word “participants” in Paragraph 2 means “________” in Chinese. A．指挥员 B．研究员 C．观察者 D．参加者 45．What is a “vicious eye” caused by sleeping less? A．Sleeping well→socializing more→feeling tired→sleeping less. B．Sleeping well→studying better→getting praise→sleeping more. C．Sleeping less→making more friends→feeling happy→sleeping more. D．Sleeping less→avoiding socializing→feeling lonely→sleeping even less. 主题06 人与社会——语言与文化 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西咸阳·期末） American and British people both speak English. But sometimes it does not seem like the same language. In fact, there are some important differences between British English and American English. First of all, they sound very different. Often, Americans don’t say each word separately (分开的). They say some words together. Americans may say “I dunno” instead of “I don’t know”. Or they may say “Whaddya say?” instead of “What did you say?” However, the British are more careful in their words. They usually say all the words and keep them separate. Sound is not only the difference. Words sometimes have different meanings, too. For example, the vocabulary for cars and driving is very different. Americans drive trucks, but in England, people drive lorries. Many expressions (表达) are also different in the two countries. In England, if you are going to telephone your friends, you “phone them up”. In America, you “give them a call”. When you are saying goodbye in England, you might say “Cheerio!” In America, you might say “see you later.” Most languages are like this. Languages change over time. When people live in separate places, the languages change in different ways. 46．The expressions for cars and driving are ________. A．examples of the old English B．examples of the modern English C．the same in America and England D．different in America and England 47．In the passage, the last difference between American and British English is in ________. A．sound B．grammar C．expressions D．words 48．What can we learn about languages from the passage? A．They are the same in all places. B．They are changeable as time passes. C．They keep unchanged even as time goes by. D．They are easy to learn. 49．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Some differences between American and British English. B．The development of English language. C．Some useful English vocabulary. D．An important study of English language learning. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西渭南·期末） People use languages to communicate. Any language has its ways to express people’s minds. One of the ways in common is the use of idioms (习语). An idiom is a group of words. It has a special meaning that is different from the usual meaning. For example, under the weather is an idiom meaning ill. So when people say “I’m under the weather,” they are saying that they’re not feeling well. Another example, in all weathers means in all kinds of weather. So, “There are homeless people sleeping on the streets in all weathers” tells us that homeless people sleep on the streets no matter whether it is cold or hot. Different languages may have different ways to make idioms. For people who are learning a foreign language, idioms could cause misunderstandings (误解) and bring them endless headaches. On the other hand, if things are done right, idioms can also be a fun way of looking into a new culture and understanding how the people think and talk. Metaphor (比喻) is often used in idioms. Let’s read the following two examples: ●It makes my blood boil (煮沸) when people litter. ●The night was dark and quiet; my blood ran cold when I heard a strange noise outside at a dark night. In neither situation above, can our blood reach the point so high or so low in temperature. Yet, with the situations the two sentences created, it is not difficult to work out the unhappy feelings of really angry in the first example and very afraid in the second. Of course, not all idioms are this easy to understand. When we come to idioms of a foreign language, a good dictionary of idioms is always suggested. 50．This passage tells us something about____________ in the English language. A．grammar B．writing C．reading D．idioms 51．If your brother breaks your computer, you can say to him, “_________”. A．I’m under the weather B．I’m there in all weathers C．You’ve made my blood boil D．My blood runs cold 52．What is the writer’s advice when you come to an expression like under the weather? A．We should look it up in a good idiom dictionary. B．We should try to express our minds with it. C．We should find an interesting way to learn it. D．We should create situations to guess its meaning. 主题07 人与社会——电影与戏剧 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西延安·期末） Cartoons have been an important part of our lives since childhood. For some people, cartoons helped them to imagine more and be more creative. And for others, cartoons even changed the way of knowing the world around them. While they have brought a lot of laughter and joy into our lives, cartoons have also taught us many life lessons about friendship and love. In this chart, we’ll have a look at some of the top cartoon characters. Cartoon Introduction ·It is one of the most popular characters of the 20th century. ·Mickey Mouse is happy, nice and good at having fun. ·It is a classic（经典的） American cartoon. ·Tom is silly and Jerry is smart. They are both enemies（敌人） and friends. ·It is a famous cartoon created by Warner Brothers. ·Bugs Bunny is smart and humorous（幽默的）. ·SpongeBob Square Pants lives in a pineapple deep down in the sea. ·SpongeBob Square Pants is lovely and cute. Created in 1928 1940 1940 1999 Firstly voiced（配音）by Walt Disney William Hanna and Mel Blanc Mel Blanc Tom Kenny 53．According to the passage, which of the following can NOT show the importance of cartoons? A．Helping people to be more creative. B．Bringing people a lot of laughter and joy. C．Helping people to be more humorous. D．Teaching people many life lessons. 54．According to the passage, which of the following is the oldest cartoon? A．Mickey Mouse. B．Tom and Jerry. C．Bugs Bunny. D．SpongeBob Square Pants. 55．According to the passage, ________ voiced two cartoons. A．Walt Disney B．William Hanna C．Tom Kenny D．Mel Blanc 56．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A．Mickey Mouse and Its Creator. B．Top Cartoons and Their Importance. C．Five Popular Cartoons. D．How to Learn a Lesson from Cartoons. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西西安·期末） Have you watched the movie Ne Zha 2? It broke box office records in China and people are crazy about its colorful art and exciting story. This success didn’t happen overnight —— it’s part of the long journey of Chinese animation (动画). 1920s~1960s: Early Beginning Chinese cartoons began in the 1920s. The first short films were simple. In the 1960s, Havoc in Heaven (《大闹天宫》) became a classic. I tells the story of the Monkey King and shows China's special art style. 1970s~1990s: Slow Development For many years, Chinese cartoons developed slowly. Although fewer films were made, artists kept practicing traditional painting styles and storytelling methods. 2000s~Now: A New Era Everything has changed in the 21st century. With better technology and more creative ideas, Chinese animators started making modern films. Ne Zha 2 is a great example. It mixes ancient Chinese legends (传说) with interesting animation, attracting both the young and the old. Another animated movie, Chang'an, brings Tang Dynasty poets to life, showing that history can be fun and educational. From black-and-white images to 3D cartoon animation, Chinese animation has come a long way. It not only provides pleasure for people but also plays a role in promoting * cultural values and telling traditional stories. These works make the world have a better understanding of China. * The word “promote” means helping something to happen or develop. 57．What was the classic cartoon of the 1960s in China? A．Ne Zha 2. B．White Snake. C．Havoc in Heaven. D．Chang’an. 58．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Havoc in Heaven used modern technology to tell the Monkey King’s story. B．Artists stopped improving Chinese animation between the 1970s and 1990s. C．Ne Zha 2 mixes old legends with interesting animation. D．Children’s love is the main reason for the success of animated movies. 59．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To lead students to watch cartoons. B．To show traditional Chinese art styles. C．To explain the role of technology in art. D．To introduce the development of Chinese animation. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解之说明文 主题01 人与社会——中华文化 Passage1 （24-25八年级下·陕西咸阳·期末） Chunfen (the Spring Equinox) means the change of seasons. The day of Chunfen falls exactly in mid-spring around March 19th to 22nd. On this day, just as on Qiufen in autumn, the sun shines directly (直接地) on the equator (赤道). That makes the days and the nights have the same length (长度) everywhere in the world. After Chunfen, the days are longer and the nights are shorter. People often use the weather of Chunfen to forecast (预测) the weather of the future, as a number of old sayings go, “If it rains on Chunfen, we might get heavy rain in the coming days; a warm Chunfen might bring a cold Qingming.” 1．When is Chunfen every year? A．Around March 19th to 22nd. B．Around March 18th to 20th. C．Around May 19th to 22nd. D．Around May 18th to 20th. 2．Which picture is most probably Chunfen according to the passage? A． B． C． D． 3．What will a warm Chunfen bring? A．A cold Jingzhe. B．A warm Jingzhe. C．A cold Qingming. D．A warm Qingming. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文介绍了春分这一节气，包括其含义、日期、天文现象、昼夜变化，以及人们常用春分的天气来预测未来天气的相关说法。 1．细节理解题。根据“The day of Chunfen falls exactly in mid-spring around March 19th to 22nd.”可知，春分的日子正好在3月19日到22日左右的仲春时节。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“On this day, so as on Qiufen in autumn, the sun shines directly (直接地) on the equator (赤道).”可知，在春分这一天，太阳直射在赤道上，与选项D相符。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“a warm Chunfen might bring a cold Qingming.”可知，温暖的春分可能带来寒冷的清明。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西西安·期末） The Yellow River, known as China’s “Mother River”, is over 5,400 kilometers starting from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原) to the Bohai Sea. It gets its name from the yellow mud (泥土) it carries from the Loess Plateau (黄土高原). This rich mud is perfect for farming. For many years, Chinese farmers grew crops like rice and wheat along its banks. Early Chinese emperors even built their capitals near the river. That’s why it’s called the “cradle of Chinese civilization (文明的摇篮)”. But the Yellow River is also called “China’s Big Problem”. Why? Its floods (洪水) once destroyed villages and crops. That was the biggest challenge for ancient people. To control the river, ancient people built walls along its sides. Later, modern dams like the Xiaolangdi Dam (小浪底大坝) helped stop floods. Today, the river faces new challenges: pollution and water shortages. Millions of people need its water to drink and farm. Taking good care of this river is key to China’s future. 4．Where does the Yellow River start? A．The Bohai Sea. B．The Loess Plateau. C．The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. D．Farmlands in Henan. 5．Why is the Yellow River called the “cradle of Chinese civilization”? A．Because it helped build factories. B．Because early Chinese emperors built their capitals near it. C．Because it provides drinking water for millions of people. D．Because people can go swimming in it. 6．Which is true about the Xiaolangdi Dam? A．People in modern times built it to help stop floods. B．Ancient people built it to help stop floods. C．It once destroyed villages and crops. D．It is called “China’s Big Problem”. 7．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The Longest River—the Yangtze River in China B．The Yellow River: China’s Mother River and Its Challenges C．How Dams Stopped Floods in Ancient China D．The Meaning of Water in Chinese Farming 【答案】4．C 5．B 6．A 7．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了黄河作为中国“母亲河”的重要性、历史作用以及当前面临的挑战。 4．细节理解题。根据“The Yellow River, ... starting from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原) to the Bohai Sea.”可知，黄河发源于青藏高原。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“Early Chinese emperors even built their capitals near the river. That’s why it’s called the ‘cradle of Chinese civilization (文明的摇篮)’.”可知，黄河被称为“中华文明的摇篮”是因为古代帝王在河边建都。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据“Later, modern dams like the Xiaolangdi Dam (小浪底大坝) helped stop floods.”可知，小浪底大坝是现代修建的防洪工程。故选A。 7．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了黄河作为中国“母亲河”的重要性、历史作用以及当前面临的挑战。B选项“黄河：中国的母亲河及其挑战”为最佳标题。故选B。 主题02 人与自我——健康与运动 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西榆林·期末） In recent years, more and more people, especially teenagers, are facing weight (体重) problems. So a “Three-Year Action Plan for Weight Management (管理)” has been introduced to deal with this. The plan wants to help people, especially teenagers, develop healthy habits to keep a proper weight, which will be good for them. The plan is mainly about two key parts: eating healthily and exercising regularly. Eating healthily means having all kinds of foods. It includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and proteins (like eggs and beans), while eating less fried, sugary, and salty foods like fried chicken. Regular exercise is also very important. It can help make the body stronger. The plan advises that teenagers should do at least 60 minutes of exercise every day. Activities such as running, cycling, and playing basketball are great ideas. Schools also play an important part in this plan. Some schools have added classes to teach students about healthy eating. They also now provide more P.E. classes to make sure students get enough exercise. Some schools even run weight-management clubs, where students can share their experiences and encourage each other to reach their weight goals (目标). Parents need to join in, too. They should set a good example by living healthily at home. For example, they can cook healthy meals with their children and take family walks together regularly. 8．What is the goal of “Three-Year Action Plan”? A．To help teenagers develop healthy habits. B．To encourage teenagers to eat less unhealthy food. C．To make traditional Chinese food popular. D．To teach students how to cook healthy meals. 9．What kind of exercise is advised for teenagers according to the text? A．Keeping running or cycling. B．Joining sports clubs after school. C．Cooking meals at home alone. D．Taking hobby classes with friends. 10．Schools can __________ to follow the plan. A．hold more sports games B．allow students to exercise during breaks C．organize classes about healthy eating habits D．make daily life plans for students with parents 11．What is the main idea of the text? A．Teenagers’ way of life needs a big change. B．Managing weight needs healthy habits and support (支持). C．Schools and parents should control teenagers’ meals. D．Teenagers should understand the importance of sports. 【答案】8．A 9．A 10．C 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了近年来越来越多的人尤其是青少年面临体重问题，为此引入了“三年体重管理行动计划”。该计划旨在通过健康饮食和规律运动帮助人们尤其是青少年养成健康习惯以保持适当体重，同时阐述了学校和家长在计划中应发挥的作用。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The plan wants to help people, especially teenagers, develop healthy habits to keep a proper weight, which will be good for them.”可知，“三年体重管理行动计划”的目标是帮助人们尤其是青少年养成健康习惯以保持适当体重。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The plan advises that teenagers should do at least 60 minutes of exercise every day. Activities such as running, cycling, and playing basketball are great ideas.”可知，文中建议青少年进行的运动包括跑步、骑自行车等。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Some schools have added classes to teach students about healthy eating.”可知，学校可以通过开设健康饮食课程来遵循该计划。故选C。 11．主旨大意题。文章主要围绕“三年体重管理行动计划”展开，介绍了该计划的目标、内容以及学校和家长在计划中应发挥的作用，强调了管理体重需要健康习惯和支持。故选B。 主题03 人与自然——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西西安·期末） In Africa, on the border (边界) of Zimbabwe and Zambia, sits one of the world’s largest waterfalls, Victoria Falls. It is more than a kilometer long and more than a hundred meters high. The water of the waterfall comes from the Zambezi River. The Zambezi River is the fourth largest river in Africa, running over 1, 600 miles-from its source (源头) to the sea. Along the way, it passes through the countries Zambia, Angola; Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Between the border of Zimbabwe and Zambia, the river plunges (骤降) more than 350 feet. The waterfall has a rainy season and a dry season. The best time to visit it is in June and July. During the dry season from late August to October, you can walk across the top of the falls. People swim at the top of the falls. There is a natural swimming pool known as the Devil’s Pool. Elephants, birds and other animals come to the river and the falls during this season. During the rainy season, from November to April, about 1,135.62 tons of water pour over the falls every second. There is so much water and mist (薄雾) that it’s hard to see the falls. The river and the falls can be very dangerous during this season. 12．From Paragraph 1, we know Victoria Falls is ________. A．in Asia B．in Zimbabwe C．one of the largest waterfalls in the world D．one of the highest waterfalls in the world 13．How many countries does the Zambezi River pass through? A．5. B．6. C．7. D．8. 14．What is the best title for the passage? A．Different Falls in Different Seasons B．One of the Largest Waterfalls—Victoria Falls C．The Amazing River in Africa D．The Source of Victoria Falls 【答案】12．C 13．B 14．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界最大瀑布之一——维多利亚瀑布的地理位置、水源、季节特点及游览建议。 12．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“sits one of the world’s largest waterfalls, Victoria Falls”可知，维多利亚瀑布是世界最大瀑布之一。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“ Along the way, it passes through the countries Zambia, Angola; Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique.”可知，流经赞比亚、安哥拉、纳米比亚、博茨瓦纳、津巴布韦和莫桑比克，列举了6个国家。故选B。 14．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕维多利亚瀑布展开，介绍其规模（第1段）、水源（第2段）和季节特点（第3-4段）。选项B“最大的瀑布之一——维多利亚瀑布”可以全面概括主题。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西宝鸡·期末） The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world. It’s about 9,320,000 square kilometers in size. This is almost the size of the USA or China. The Nile runs through the Sahara all year round. But there are also other rivers running through it seasonally (季节性地). The geography of the desert includes huge sand dunes (沙丘) and dune fields (沙丘地). Some of the sand dunes are so huge that they can even be over 152 meters high. When you go on a visit in the Sahara, you may feel you are in a sea of sand. But there are also other amazing landforms (地形) in different parts of the desert. It’s very hot and dry in the Sahara. The temperature there is usually 30℃. However, during the hottest months, the temperature can go over 50℃. Because of the high temperatures and poor conditions of the desert, only a few plants live here, just about 500 kinds. They also play a role in the number of animals. In the driest part of the desert, there are only 70 different kinds of animals. 15．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．The Sahara’s size. B．The Sahara’s temperatures. C．The Sahara’s rivers. D．The Sahara’s history. 16．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Sand dunes. B．Dune fields. C．Landforms. D．Animals. 17．What can we know about the Sahara from the passage? A．It is almost as big as China. B．It is about 932,000 square kilometers in size. C．There are many different kinds of plants in the Sahara. D．There aren’t amazing landforms in different parts of the desert. 18．Where can we most probably see this passage? A．In a storybook. B．In a geography book. C．In an animal magazine. D．In a sports newspaper. 【答案】15．A 16．A 17．A 18．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的地理特征、气候条件以及动植物分布情况。 15．主旨大意题。根据“The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world. It’s about 9,320,000 square kilometers in size.”可知，本段主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的面积和规模，即撒哈拉沙漠的尺寸。故选A。 16．词句猜测题。根据“Some of the sand dunes are so huge”可知，有些沙丘可以超过152米高。“they”指代前文提到的“sand dunes”。故选A。 17．细节理解题。根据“This is almost the size of the USA or China.”可知，撒哈拉沙漠的面积几乎与中国相当。故选A。 18．推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文围绕撒哈拉沙漠的地理特征展开，属于地理知识范畴，因此最可能出现在地理书籍中。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·安徽滁州·期末） The Roe River, lies in Montana, USA, is believed the shortest river in the world. It’s only about 201 feet long, which is really short compared to other well-known rivers. The Roe River connects (连接) Giant Springs to the Missouri River. Giant Springs is a large spring (泉) that is full of fresh water. It produces a huge amount of water. This water runs through the Roe River and then joins the Missouri River. The history of the Roe River is pretty interesting. A．H. Thayer found it in the late 19th century. Thayer was traveling in the area when he came across this unusual short river. However, it wasn’t until later that many people around the world believed the Roe River was the shortest river in the world. In 1989, the Guinness Book of World Records accepted the Roe River as the world’s shortest river. Even though it’s short, the Roe River is very special. It has a special ecosystem (生态系统). Small fish and all kinds of plants live in its water. Many visitors are interested in its clear water. They come to see this amazing natural wonder and take pictures. It shows that size doesn’t always matter; even a short river like the Roe River can be a fascinating part of our planet. 19．Where is the Roe River? A．In America. B．In Canada. C．In Australia. D．In England. 20．What does the underlined word “It” refer to (指的是)? A．The Roe River. B．The Missouri River. C．Giant Springs. D．Montana. 21．What can we know about the Roe River? A．It is over 300 feet long. B．It appeared in the early 20th century. C．It is the second shortest river in the world. D．It has a special ecosystem with small fish and plants. 【答案】19．A 20．C 21．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章详细介绍了位于美国的世界上最短的河流——罗伊河的历史及其特殊的生态系统。 19．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“The Roe River, lies in Montana, USA, is believed the shortest river in the world.”可知，罗伊河位于美国。故选A。 20．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Giant Springs is a large spring that is full of fresh water.”以及“This water runs through the Roe River and then joins the Missouri River.”可知，此处指的是从大泉流出的水进入罗伊河。故选C。 21．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“It has a special ecosystem. Small fish and all kinds of plants live in its water.”可知，罗伊河有着特殊的生态系统。故选D。 主题04 人与社会——志愿服务 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西咸阳·期末） Looking for a new way to raise money for charity (慈善机构)? Has your school got any clever and fun ideas? If not, don’t give up. Here are several ways to support your favorite charity. How about organizing a car wash? Everybody who has a car needs to wash it, so why don’t you and your classmates do the job? The car owners (车主) will pay you money and the money can go toward your charity. When we did it, we had a wonderful time! At first, some of us were worried about getting wet or dirty and it’s true. But we also had fun, and at the end of the day, it was really worth it. If you don’t feel like getting wet or dirty, why not give a street concert? Street musicians can make a lot of money. If you are good at singing and are not afraid to play in front of the audience, you can also make it. You just need to find a right place, practice for a few hours with your friends first, and give it a try! I hope the above ideas can help you a lot, and if you’ve got any other great pieces of advice, we would love to hear them and practice them, too. Good luck! 22．What does the writer think of a car wash? A．It’s easy but dirty. B．It’s easy and fun. C．It’s cheap but dirty. D．It’s dirty but fun. 23．What does the underlined word “audience” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Listeners. B．Drivers. C．Doctors. D．Teachers. 24．How many ways does the writer come up with to raise money for charity? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 25．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．How to Organize a Car Wash. B．How to Give a Street Concert. C．How to Raise Money for Charity. D．How to Make Money After School. 【答案】22．D 23．A 24．B 25．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了两种为慈善机构筹款的趣味方式——洗车活动和街头音乐会，并鼓励读者分享更多创意。 22．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“At first, some of us were worried about getting wet or dirty... But we also had fun, and at the end of the day, it was really worth it”可知，洗车活动虽然会弄脏衣服，但充满乐趣。故选D。 23．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“If you are good at singing and are not afraid to play in front of the audience”，文中提到街头音乐人通过表演赚钱，因此“audience”在此语境中特指“听众或观众”。故选A。 24．细节理解题。文章共提出两种筹款方式：第二段的“car wash”和第三段的“street concert”。故选B。 25．最佳标题题。全文围绕“如何为慈善筹款”展开，列举具体方法并鼓励创新。选项C“如何为慈善筹款”最贴合主题。故选C。 主题05 人与自然——发明与创造 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西安康·期末） Technologies (科技) Making School Life “SMART” E-books In the future, students may only bring e-books to school. In fact, some schools are already doing this. E-books can keep notes and students feel relaxed with lighter schoolbags. Robot teachersThere are robot teachers in the schools in some cities. These robots can help students with their studies. They can also help them solve problems. E-skates With a pair of e-skates, you can walk to school faster! E-skates can be tied(捆绑) to your shoes easily. And there are four speed settings you can choose. Flying aidsIf students get hurt (受伤的) and need help at school, drones (无人机) can be of great use. They can give some help faster than people, and they can also carry medicine or clothes. 26．How many kinds of technologies are mentioned in the text? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 27．How do students like lighter schoolbags? A．Worried. B．Relaxed. C．Bored. D．Terrible. 28．Why are drones useful when students get hurt at school? A．Because they can play music to make students happy. B．Because they can give help faster than people and carry things. C．Because they can tell stories to students. D．Because they can make phone calls to parents. 【答案】26．C 27．B 28．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四种让学校生活更加“智能”的科技，包括电子书、机器人老师、电动滑板和无人机，这些科技分别从学习、出行和紧急救援等方面提升了学生的校园生活体验。 26．细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，文中提到了电子书（E-books）、机器人老师（Robot teachers）、电动滑板（E-skates）和无人机（Flying aids）这四种科技。故选C。 27．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“E-books can keep notes and students feel relaxed with lighter schoolbags.”可知，学生对更轻的书包感到放松。故选B。 28．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“They can give some help faster than people, and they can also carry medicine or clothes.”可知，无人机在学生受伤时有用是因为它们能比人更快地提供帮助，还能携带药品或衣物。故选B。 主题06 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西咸阳·期末） As we all know, environmental pollution is still serious (严重的) nowadays. Our group wanted to know how many students knew about each kind of the pollution and we wanted to learn how often they sorted rubbish, so we did a survey (调查) among the students in our grade. Here are the results. 29．________ is known by the fewest students in our grade. A．Air pollution B．Water pollution C．Global warming D．Noise pollution 30．________ have begun to sort rubbish according to (根据) the survey. A．All of the students B．Most of the students C．Some of the students D．None of the students 31．The survey is mainly about ________. A．water activities B．environmental protection C．everyday habits D．physical education 【答案】29．D 30．C 31．B 【导语】本文介绍了某小组对年级学生进行的一项关于环境污染认知及垃圾分类频率的调查结果。 29．细节理解题。根据柱状图可知，全校对噪音污染（Noise pollution）了解的学生最少，为百分之三十，故选D。 30．细节理解题。根据“we wanted to learn how often they sorted (分类) rubbish,”以及饼状图可知，一些学生已经开始把垃圾分类。故选C。 31．推理判断题。根据“As we all know, environmental pollution is still serious (严重的) nowadays. Our group wanted to know how many students knew about each kind of the pollution and we wanted to learn how often they sorted rubbish, so we did a survey (调查) among the students in our grade.”可知，调查主要是关于环境保护的。故选B。 主题07 人与社会——家庭关系 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西汉中·期末） Our parents are important people in our life. They are our first teachers in our life. They love us and help us all the time. Do you want to get on well with them? Here are some ways to help you to be happy with your parents. Have fun together. How much time do you spend just enjoying being with each other? Ask your parents to play with you. Go outside together, try some sports, or go to the movies. Be kind. Little things may bring a lot to your parents. Make a meal for them by yourself and that can make your parents happy. Ask for help. When you are in trouble or meet some sad things, you can ask your parents for help and advice. They will be happy to listen to you and help you. Have a try. You don’t have to be the best but you need to have a try. They will be happy to see you have the courage to achieve your dream. It lets them know they’re doing a good job in helping you grow up. 32．Why are our parents important people in our life? A．Because they teach us first in our life. B．Because they love us sometimes. C．Because they give us a hand only when we’re young. D．Because they are happy all the time. 33．What should we do if we have a problem according to the passage? A．Listen to our teachers. B．Ask our parents for help. C．Turn to our friends around. D．Try to solve it by ourselves. 34．The best title of the passage is ________. A．How to Love and Teach Kids B．How to Talk with Your Parents C．How to Keep Happy with Your Parents D．Try to Be the Best of Yourself 【答案】32．A 33．B 34．C 【导语】本文讲述了父母是我们人生的第一任老师，遇到麻烦可向父母求助，并给出与父母快乐相处的方法。 32．细节理解题。根据“They are our first teachers in our life.”可知，父母重要是因为他们是我们人生的第一任老师。故选A。 33．细节理解题。根据“When you are in trouble...ask your parents for help.”可知，有问题应找父母帮忙。故选B。 34．最佳标题题。根据“Here are some ways to help you to be happy with your parents.”以及全文可知，本文介绍了如何与父母建立良好关系的方法。选项C“如何与父母快乐相处”可以作为本文的标题。故选C。 主题01 人与社会——景点建筑 Passage1 （24-25八年级下·陕西延安·期末） New York City is the city with the most population in the United States. It is also one of the largest cities in the world. Every year, a lot of foreigners visit there to see the modern city. Here are some of the most famous places of interest in New York City. Empire (帝国) State Building:The Empire State Building is a 103-floor building. Its location is in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It stands a total of 1,454 feet (443m) high. Its name is from the nickname for New York — the Empire State. Statue of Liberty:The Statue of Liberty is a great sculpture (雕像) on Liberty Island in the middle of New York Harbor. It was a gift to the United States from the people of France. It is one of the symbols of the United States now. The United Nations Headquarters (联合国总部):The headquarters of the United Nations is a building in New York City. It was finished in 1952. In the east of this building, people can see the beautiful scenery of the East River. 1．The writer talks about ________ places of interest in New York. A．2 B．3 C．4 D．5 2．The underlined word “scenery” may mean “________” in Chinese. A．人群 B．景色 C．背面 D．作品 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．New York City is the city with the least population in the United States. B．The Empire State Building stands a total of 443 feet high. C．The Statue of Liberty was a gift to the United States from France. D．The headquarters of the United Nations was finished in 1954. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍纽约市的几处著名景点，包括帝国大厦、自由女神像、联合国总部。 1．细节理解题。根据文章内容，文中列举了“Empire State Building”、“Statue of Liberty”和“The United Nations Headquarters”3处景点。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据表格第三栏“In the east of this building, people can see the beautiful scenery of the East River.”可知，建筑东边能看到的应是河流的“景色”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据表格第二栏“It was a gift to the United States from the people of France.”可知，这是法国人民赠送给美国的一件礼物。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西渭南·期末） The Great Wall of ChinaIt is mainly in the north of China. It has a long history. It is a must for people to visit, as Chairman Mao said in his poem, “He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” So many people go there to challenge (挑战) themselves. Shanghai Oriental Pearl TV TowerThe tower’s total height is 468 meters. With a space capsule on top, visitors can go up there and get a bird’s-eye view of Shanghai. The tower was built in 1994, and is a symbol of modern and open China. Yellow Crane TowerYellow Crane Tower is in Wuhan. It’s 51.4 meters high. Its history dates back to the Three Kingdoms period. The tower became more famous after a poem by Cui Hao. There are as many as 1,500 famous poems about the tower, and every poem tells a story. 4．Why do many people visit the Great Wall? A．To challenge themselves. B．To become famous and successful. C．To learn from Chairman Mao. D．To read Chairman Mao’s poem. 5．Shanghai Oriental Pearl TV Tower has been built for ______. A．23 years B．28 years C．31 years D．35 years 6．If Jean wants to know more about Yellow Crane Tower, what can she do? A．Travel through famous mountains. B．Enjoy the beautiful sight of Wuhan. C．Get a bird’s-eye view of Wuhan. D．Read some ancient Chinese poems. 【答案】4．A 5．C 6．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的三个著名景点的相关信息。 4．细节理解题。根据“So many people go there to challenge themselves.”可知，很多人去长城是为了挑战自己。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“The tower was built in 1994”可知，上海东方明珠电视塔已经建成31年了。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据“There are as many as 1,500 famous poems about the tower, and every poem tells a story.”可知，如果Jean想了解更多关于黄鹤楼的信息，可以阅读一些中国古诗。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·陕西延安·期末） Have you ever been to any museums? China is in a “museum fever” now. More and more people choose to visit museums. On a cold December morning, there were thousands of people waiting to enter the National Museum of China in Beijing. The National Museum of China has been one of the most well-known museums in China. It is also one of the largest museums in the world. Until November 28, 2024, the National Museum of China has been visited by 6.3 million visitors in the year. This means over 20,000 people visit the museum every day in 2024. Here is a short history of the National Museum of China. November 1920 The National Museum of History was officially (正式地) established (建立). October 1926 The museum officially opened to people. October 1949 The museum was renamed the Beijing Museum of History. August 1960 The Beijing Museum of History was renamed National Museum of Chinese History. February 2003 The National Museum of Chinese Revolution (革命) and the National Museum of Chinese History merged (合并) to form the National Museum of China. March 2011 The new National Museum of China opened to people. 7．By saying “museum fever” in the first paragraph, the writer means ________. A．people may have a fever if they go to museums B．museums are too warm for people to stay C．museums are getting more and more popular D．museums are getting less popular than before 8．According to the passage, ________ people visit the museum every day in 2024. A．6.3 million B．over 20,000 C．about 2000 D．hundreds of 9．What is the right time order (时间顺序) of the following sentences? ①The new National Museum of China opened to the public. ②The Beijing Museum of History was renamed National Museum of Chinese History. ③The National Museum of History was officially established. ④The museum was renamed the Beijing Museum of History. A．②③④① B．②④①③ C．③②①④ D．③④②① 【答案】7．C 8．B 9．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，以中国国家博物馆为例，介绍其受欢迎程度、参观人数及历史发展历程。 7．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“More and more people choose to visit museums.”可知，“museum fever”指博物馆越来越受欢迎。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This means over 20,000 people visit the museum every day in 2024.”可知，2024年每天超20,000人参观。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据“November 1920 The National Museum of History was officially (正式地) established (建立).”可知，国家历史博物馆于1920年11月正式成立，③排第一；根据“October 1949 The museum was renamed the Beijing Museum of History.”可知，该博物馆于1949年10月更名为北京历史博物馆，④排第二；根据“August 1960 The Beijing Museum of History was renamed National Museum of Chinese History.”可知，北京历史博物馆于1960年8月更名为国家中国历史博物馆，②排第三；根据“March 2011 The new National Museum of China opened to people.”可知，新的中国国家博物馆于2011年3月向人们开放，①排第四。所以时间顺序为③④②① 。故选D。 主题02 人与社会——志愿服务 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西西安·期末） Oxfam is a charity that helps people all over the world. Oxfam started in Oxford in 1942 when a group of people decided to help victims of famine (饥荒的受害者). Here are some simple ways you can help Oxfam. Raise money for Oxfam There are lots of fun ways to raise money. Why not organize a concert or a sporting event at your school and sell tickets? Or perhaps you could make cakes or sweets and sell them to people. Buy an Oxfam gift Are you looking for a special gift for a friend? When you buy an Oxfam gift, your friend will get a card and Oxfam will send a gift to a poor country. The gift can be something like a meal, clean water, a tree or a jacket. Sometimes a few friends put their money together to buy a big gift, like a water tank (水槽) to give clean water to a whole village. Make changes to the world around you What do you want to change in the world? How do you think we can make that change? Talking about them to people around you is the first step to make things happen. You can find people with the same opinions and ideas and work together to make the world a better place. 10．Oxfam is a ________. A．food factory B．hospital C．charity group D．small country 11．Which way to help Oxfam is NOT mentioned (被提到) in the passage? A．Organizing a sporting event. B．Buying a gift for your friend there. C．Working together to make the world better. D．Visiting a poor country with your friends. 12．What is the best title for the passage? A．How to Help Oxfam B．What Oxfam is about C．How to Raise Money D．Why to Organize a Concert 【答案】10．C 11．D 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了慈善组织Oxfam的起源及其使命，并提供了几种帮助Oxfam的简单方式，如筹款、购买公益礼物、与他人合作改善世界等。 10．细节理解题。根据“Oxfam is a charity that helps people all over the world.”可知，Oxfam是一个慈善组织，故选C。   11．细节理解题。根据“Why not organize a concert or a sporting event at your school and sell tickets?”、“When you buy an Oxfam gift, your friend will get a card and Oxfam will send a gift to a poor country.”和“You can find people with the same opinions and ideas and work together to make the world a better place.”可知，文章提到了组织体育活动、为朋友购买Oxfam礼物、与他人合作让世界更美好，未提到“与朋友一起访问贫困国家”，故选D。   12．最佳标题题。根据“Here are some simple ways you can help Oxfam.”和全文可知，本文介绍了一些可以帮助Oxfam的简单方法，用“How to help Oxfam”做标题最合适。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西西安·期末） Abramov is an 11-year-old boy from Russia. He likes drawing, and he has joined in many painting competitions and achieved many good results. Abramov had a pet dog named Flower five years ago. He played with it every afternoon after school. But unluckily, the dog died of illness six months ago. In honor of (为了纪念) Flower, he started drawing pictures of Flower and posted them online. Many people saw the pictures and thought they looked real and vivid, so they asked Abramov to draw their own pets, from cats and dogs to rabbits and parrots. Abramov often asked them to donate pet food to animal shelters (收容所) in return. Abramov is now selling his pictures to help animals. When he gets pet food, he takes it to the town’s animal shelters. On weekends, he sometimes does some voluntary work at a nearby animal shelter. There, he helps look after the animals or cleans the small rooms where the animals live. Abramov has drawn more than 100 pictures of pets. His parents and teachers are supportive of him. So he decides to continue this great work. He says he will lead more students to do the work better. 13．Where did people see Abramov’s pictures at first? A．At pet stores. B．On the Internet. C．In animal shelters. D．At food stores. 14．The underlined word “vivid” in Paragraph 2 means “______” in Chinese? A．生动的 B．复古的 C．糟糕的 D．实惠的 15．What did the people pay to Abramov in return? A．Money. B．Drawing tools. C．A pet. D．Pet food. 16．Why did Abramov decide to continue this great work? A．Because he wanted to become more famous. B．Because his parents and teachers supported him. C．Because the animal shelter was thankful to him. D．Because his pictures of Flower sold better and better. 【答案】13．B 14．A 15．D 16．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了11岁的俄罗斯男孩Abramov通过绘画纪念逝去的宠物狗Flower，并将作品发布到网上后受到关注，进而通过绘画帮助动物收容所的故事。 13．细节理解题。根据“he started drawing pictures of Flower and posted them online”可知，人们最初是在网上看到Abramov的画。故选B。 14．词义猜测题。根据“they looked real and vivid”可知，画作看起来“真实且生动”，可推测出“vivid”意为“生动的”意义匹配。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据“Abramov often asked them to donate pet food to animal shelters in return”可知，人们用宠物食品作为回报。故选D。 16．细节理解题。根据“His parents and teachers are supportive of him. So he decides to continue this great work.”可知，他决定继续这项工作是因为父母和老师的支持。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·陕西安康·期末） In a community (社区), a team named “Shared Children” is getting popular. It works hard to help the old people without children around. At first, the community started “Knocking on the Door”, hoping that the old people would get help in time. However, the community did not have enough workers to help so many old people. So, the idea of “Shared Children” came out. There are more than 108 volunteers in the team now. They help the old buy things, walk with them and cook for them. The volunteers are not all young people. Fan Fawen is a retired (退休的) train driver. He joined the volunteer team two years ago. He often helps to repair something in the elderly people’s homes and buys them fruit and vegetables. Liu Chunyan,43, is also one of the volunteers. “Many elderly people now live without children around and feel solitary, so we should help them and talk with them more often,” Liu says. “Shared Children” makes a big difference. More people now start to learn about the team. More people will join it in the future. 17．The community stopped “Knocking on the Door” because ______. A．it didn’t have enough money B．it didn’t have enough workers C．the old people didn’t like the idea D．the old people can’t find them easily 18．What does the underlined word “solitary” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Independent. B．Stupid. C．Safe. D．Lonely. 19．Which of the following is TRUE? A．“Shared Children” is useful. B．Fan Fawen is in control of the team. C．Liu Chunyan is a retired train driver. D．The volunteers are all teenagers. 20．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The opinions of doing volunteer. B．The ways to look after old people. C．Old people’s difficulties. D．Some facts on a good volunteer program. 【答案】17．B 18．D 19．A 20．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了“共享孩子”志愿者团队的起源、运作方式、成员和影响。 17．细节理解题。根据“However, the community did not have enough workers to help so many old people. So, the idea of ‘Shared Children’ came out.”可知，“敲门”活动停止的原因是缺乏工作人员。故选B。 18．词句猜测题。根据“Many elderly people now live without children around and feel solitary, so we should help them and talk with them more often,”可知，许多老人没有孩子在身边，感到“solitary”，因此我们应该帮助他们并多与他们交谈，所以“solitary”意思是“孤独的”。故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据“‘Shared Children’ makes a big difference. More people now start to learn about the team. More people will join it in the future.”可知，“共享孩子”团队有很大影响，更多人开始了解它，因此团队很有用。故选A。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了“共享孩子”志愿者团队的起源、运作方式、成员和影响，所以核心是关于一个好的志愿者项目的事实。故选D。 主题03 人与社会——中华文化 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西省西安市·期末） Making Dragon Boat Festival Sachets (香囊) Every year at the Dragon Boat Festival, Chinese families make sachets—small cloth bags filled with smelly plants. These sachets are nice to look at and are said to keep bad luck and bugs away. Let’s learn to make one!   What You Need- Colorful cloth               - Scissors and thread - Herbs (药草)               - Decorations (装饰品) How to Make a Sachet ★Cut the Cloth Cut two small, same-sized cloth pieces (about 10cm x 10cm). Pick cloth with fun patterns — dragons or flowers are great for the festival! ★Sew Three Sides Put the two cloth pieces together. Sew three sides with thread, leaving one side open. Then turn the cloth inside out so the sewn parts are hidden. ★Fill with Herbs Mix the herbs in a bowl. Use a spoon to put the herbs into the cloth bag until it’s half full. The herbs not only smell nice but are also believed to bring good luck. ★Close and Decorate Sew the open side shut, but leave a small space to put a string through. Tie the string at the top, then add beads or ribbons to make it pretty. Done! Why We Make Sachets Long ago, people thought sachets could protect them from illness and bad things. Now, making sachets is a fun way to enjoy the festival with family. The sweet smells and happy time together make the tradition special. Try making a sachet this Dragon Boat Festival — it’s easy and full of meaning! 21．How many steps do people need to make a sachet according to the text? A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6. 22．Why did ancient people make sachets according to the text? A．To use as toys for children. B．To create new festival games. C．To enjoy the festival with family. D．To stay safe from sickness and bad things. 23．Where would you most likely find this text? A．In a DIY guidebook. B．In a cooking book. C．In a history textbook. D．In a travel magazine. 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．A 【导语】本文介绍了端午节制作香囊的传统，包括所需材料、具体步骤及文化意义。香囊由彩色布料和药草制成，据说能驱邪避虫，如今制作香囊已成为家庭共度节日的有趣方式。 21．细节理解题。根据文中“Cut the Cloth, Sew Three Sides, Fill with Herbs, Close and Decorate”可知，文中一共列出了剪布、缝三边、填药草、封口装饰四个步骤。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据“Why We Make Sachets”部分中“Long ago, people thought sachets could protect them from illness and bad things.”可知，古人制作香囊是为了抵御疾病和不祥之事。故选D。 23．推理判断题。文章详细介绍香囊制作步骤，属于“动手制作（DIY）”内容，最可能出现在DIY指南中。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西汉中·期末） Have you heard of the rooftop farm in Beijing Winter Olympic Village? It covered 4,620 square meters. To relax, people could try growing vegetables or planting something there. It shows just how much Chinese people love planting. China has a vast (广袤的) land and gets a lot of available land for planting things. For hundreds of years, Chinese people made a living through farming. The Book of Songs that was written 2,500 years ago records many kinds of vegetables. Nowadays, some Chinese people no longer have a lot of land, but they still grow vegetables where they can. Xue Ling, 35 years old, is one of them. Since 2018, she has planted vegetables on the balcony (阳台) of her apartment in Jiaozuo, Henan province. “It’s the only way to keep my food, at least the vegetables, cleaner and safer,” she told China Daily. Caroline Ma, from Hong Kong, grows vegetables as a hobby. In 2020, Ma started farming on her rooftop and began planting seeds collected during her travels. For Ma, farming is an experience of thinking about life. “I am in my own little world and I can forget about the problems around me,” she said. It seems that planting vegetables brings more than just food for Chinese people. 24．The underlined word “available” in Paragraph 2 means “________”. A．贫瘠的 B．可用的 C．有害的 D．有限的 25．According to the passage, why do Chinese people without farmland still grow vegetables? ① To eat clean and safe food. ② To make a living by farming. ③ To forget about the troubles. ④ To grow them as a hobby. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④ 26．In which part of a newspaper can we read this passage? A．Humans and Plants. B．Humans and Science. C．Humans and Sports. D．Humans and Animals. 【答案】24．B 25．D 26．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国人对种植的热爱，通过北京冬奥村的屋顶农场及薛玲、卡罗琳·马等人的例子加以说明。 24．词义猜测题。根据“China has a vast land and gets a lot of available land for planting things”以及常识可知，中国土地广袤，有很多可以用来种植的土地，“available”在此处表示“可用的”，故选B。 25．细节理解题。根据“‘It’s the only way to keep my food, at least the vegetables, cleaner and safer,’”“Caroline Ma, from Hong Kong, grows vegetables as a hobby.”以及“‘I am in my own little world and I can forget about the problems around me,’”可知，没有农田的中国人种蔬菜是为了吃干净安全的食物、将其作为爱好以及忘记烦恼，①③④符合题意，故选D。 26．推理判断题。文章主要围绕中国人对种植的热爱展开，介绍了北京冬奥村的屋顶农场以及普通人种植蔬菜的情况，涉及人类与植物的关系，因此可能在报纸的“人类与植物”板块读到这篇文章，故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·陕西安康·期末） Do you know the Yellow River haozi? It is an ancient folk song in China. Chinese people created it when they fought against the Yellow River floods. It’s said that in the past, no boatmen would sail (航行) on the Yellow River without singing it. As time went by, the Yellow River haozi slowly became a song with some rhythms (节奏). And anything can be a part of the words of the haozi: a plant, a man, a mountain, or a drop of water. So far, it has developed a lot and has been an important part of China’s music history. The Yellow River haozi has been with boatmen for hundreds of years. It is so wonderful that boatmen can really express their feelings and relax themselves when they sing it. The rhythms of it are usually similar to water flow and wind waves. It shows the boatmen enjoy nature, rather than simply complain about (抱怨) difficulties. It also shows the importance of teamwork and how boatmen fight against hard life. The songs help boatmen be stronger, braver and more powerful. The Yellow River haozi carries the long history and rich cultures of the Yellow River. It is also one of the oldest cultures with great historical value. 27．When did people create the Yellow River haozi? A．When they fought against the Yellow River floods. B．When they sailed on the Yellow River. C．When they enjoyed folk songs. D．When they traveled by boat. 28．Which is NOT the spirit behind the Yellow River haozi? A．Never give up. B．Work together. C．Fight against hard life. D．Enjoy nature. 29．What can we know about the Yellow River haozi? A．It shows the real feelings of boatmen. B．It is the oldest song in China. C．It has a short history but has great historical value. D．It is an important part of China’s science history. 【答案】27．A 28．A 29．A 【导语】本文介绍了黄河号子的背景知识和精神内涵。 27．细节理解题。根据“Chinese people created it when they fought against the Yellow River floods”可知，中国人民在对抗黄河洪水时创作了它，故选A。 28．细节理解题。根据“It shows… how boatmen fight against hard life”可知，体现船夫与艰苦生活抗争；根据“the importance of teamwork”可知，体现了团队合作的重要性；根据“It shows the boatmen enjoy nature,”可知，船夫享受自然，故选A。 29．细节理解题。根据“It is so wonderful that boatmen can really express their feelings and relax themselves when they sing it.”可知，船夫能真实表达情感，故选A。 主题04 人与自然——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西西安·期末） Materials（材料） √A wide glass jar with a lid √Very hot water √Some ice √A match Very important! Only parents can use matches! Steps of making the cloud 1. Turn the lid upside down and fill it with ice. 2. Fill the jar about 1.5 cm with very hot water. 3. Ask your parent to light a match. Then blow out the match just above the jar. Hold the smoking stick inside the jar. (You want smoke from the match to fill the jar.) 4. Quickly put the lid with ice on the jar. Cover the jar completely. 5. Let the cloud form for a few minutes. Then take the lid off and meet the cloud! Result A real cloud comes up. But it is not round and it disappears（消失）soon. 30．What is the right order of “making the cloud”? ①             ②                ③                  ④                 ⑤ A．①②③⑤④ B．①③⑤②④ C．①④③⑤② D．①⑤②③④ 31．What is the result of the experiment? A．A real cloud comes up. B．The cloud is round. C．The cloud turns into water. D．The cloud doesn’t disappear. 32．Where does the text probably come from? A．A novel B．A storybook C．A travel guide D．A science magazine 【答案】30．B 31．A 32．D 【导语】本文是一篇介绍 “制作云” 实验的说明文，讲述了实验所需材料、步骤及结果。 30．细节理解题。根据“Steps of making the cloud”部分的步骤可知，首先是“Turn the lid upside down and fill it with ice.”（对应图①），接着“Fill the jar about 1.5 cm with very hot water.”（对应图③），然后“Ask your parent to light a match. Then blow out the match just above the jar. Hold the smoking stick inside the jar.”（对应图⑤），之后“Quickly put the lid with ice on the jar. Cover the jar completely.”（对应图②），最后“Let the cloud form for a few minutes. Then take the lid off and meet the cloud!”（对应图④）。故选B。 31．细节理解题。根据“Result” 部分“A real cloud comes up. But it is not round and it disappears soon.”可知，实验结果是出现了一朵真正的云。故选A。 32．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了一个科学小实验，所以最可能来自科学杂志（A science magazine）。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西咸阳·期末） Do you know when the Olympic Games first came into being? The Olympic Games are the world’s oldest multi-sporting (多项目运动) event. They started in 776 BC in a place called Olympia in Greece. The games stopped in 393 AD, but started again in 1896. The ancient Olympics According to stories, King Ifitos of Elis in Greece started the games as a way to stop the fighting among Greek kingdoms. They competed in sports events instead of fighting. There were about 20 kinds of sports and only Greek men could join. The modern Olympics A Frenchman came up with the idea to hold the first modern Olympic Games. He wanted to make more people play sports. So he promoted it. He thought it would be better for young men to compete than fight. The first games were held in Athens in 1896 and 245 people from 15 nations joined it. At the time it was the biggest international sporting event. The modern Olympic Games are held every four years. These are divided into the Summer and Winter Games. They are held two years apart (相隔). Winners get a gold, silver or bronze medal. 33．When were the Olympic Games first born? A．In 776 BC． B．In 393 AD． C．In 245 BC． D．In 1896. 34．Why did King Ifitos of Elis hold the games? A．To make people’s life more colorful. B．To give the poor a chance to make money. C．To stop the fighting among Greek kingdoms. D．To make Greek men stronger than men in other places. 35．The underlined word “promoted” in the passage means “__________” in Chinese. A．保护 B．推动 C．抵制 D．改变 【答案】33．A 34．C 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了奥运会的起源和发展，包括古代奥运会和现代奥运会的历史背景、举办原因和奖项变化。 33．细节理解题。根据“They started in 776 BC in a place called Olympia in Greece.”可知，奥运会最早开始于公元前776年，故选A。 34．细节理解题。根据“King Ifitos of Elis in Greece started the games as a way to stop the fighting among Greek kingdoms.”可知，伊利斯的伊菲托斯国王举办奥运会是为了停止希腊王国之间的战争，故选C。 35．词句猜测题。根据“He wanted to make more people play sports. So he promoted it. He thought it would be better for young men to compete than fight.”可知，他想推广体育运动，认为年轻人参加比赛比打架更好；可推测出“promote”意为“推动”。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·陕西咸阳·期末） What Can Trees Tell Us?Usually, trees can live for hundreds, even thousands of years. So, trees can keep a record of the earth’s climate (气候) for a long time. If you see a stump (树桩), you may find that the top of the stump has many rings (环). These rings can tell us how old the tree is and what the weather was like during each year of the tree’s life. In most places, daily weather records have only been kept for the past 100 to 150 years. So, scientists can use trees to learn about the climate hundreds to thousands of years ago. 36．According to the text, which part of a tree can record the climate? A．Its roots. B．Its leaves. C．Its rings. D．Its branches. 37．We can know that the tree rings ________. A．can’t show the dry and rainy season B．grow thinner in warm and wet years C．only show a tree’s age D．have dark and light colors 38．Where can we read the text? A．On a website about nature. B．On a history book. C．On a health magazine. D．On a sports newspaper. 【答案】36．C 37．D 38．A 【导语】本文讲述树木能存活数百年甚至数千年，所以能长期记录地球气候。树桩顶部的年轮可告知树木年龄及生长期间每年的天气情况。年轮有明暗之分，分别对应不同生长季节，且在不同气候年景下宽窄不同。由于多数地方日常天气记录仅存100到150年，科学家可借助树木了解数百年乃至数千年前的气候。 36．细节理解题。根据“If you see a stump (树桩), you may find that the top of the stump has many rings (环). These rings can tell us how old the tree is and what the weather was like during each year of the tree’s life.”可知，树木的年轮能记录气候。故选C。 37．细节理解题。根据“The light-colored rings are wood that grew in the spring and early summer, while the dark rings are wood that grew in the late summer and fall.”可知，年轮有深色和浅色。故选D。 38．推理判断题。通读原文可知，文章围绕树木与气候的关系展开，属于自然类内容，所以可能在关于自然的网站上读到。故选A。 主题05 人与自我——健康与运动 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西渭南·期末） In recent years, more and more people, especially teenagers (青少年), are facing weight problems. So a “Three-Year Action Plan for Weight Management (管理)” has been introduced to deal with this. The plan wants to help people, especially teenagers, develop healthy habits to keep a proper weight, which will be good for them. The plan is mainly about two key parts: eating healthily and exercising regularly. Eating healthily means having all kinds of foods. It includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and proteins (like eggs and beans), while eating less fried, sugary, and salty foods like fried chicken. Regular exercise is also very important. It can help make the body stronger. The plan advises that teenagers should do at least 60 minutes of exercise every day. Activities such as running, cycling, and playing basketball are great ideas. Schools also play an important part in this plan. Some schools have added classes to teach students about healthy eating. They also now provide more P. E. classes to make sure students get enough exercise. Some schools even run weight-management clubs, where students can share their experiences and encourage each other to reach their weight goals (目标). Parents need to join in, too. They should set a good example by living healthily at home. For example, they can cook healthy meals with their children and take family walks together regularly. 39．What do the underlined words “deal with” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Hope. B．Discuss. C．Change. D．Solve. 40．What kind of exercise is advised for teenagers according to the text? A．Keeping running or cycling. B．Joining sports clubs after school. C．Cooking meals at home alone. D．Taking hobby classes with friends. 41．Schools can ________ to follow the plan. A．hold more sports games B．allow students to exercise during breaks C．organize classes about healthy eating habits D．make life plans for students with parents 42．What is the main idea of the text? A．Teenagers’ way of life needs a big change. B．Managing weight needs healthy habits and support. C．Schools and parents should control teenagers’ meals. D．Teenagers should understand the importance of sports. 【答案】39．D 40．A 41．C 42．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“体重管理三年行动计划”的内容，包括健康饮食、定期锻炼以及学校和家长在计划中的作用。 39．词句猜测题。根据“...are facing weight problems.”和“So a ‘Three-Year Action Plan for Weight Management (管理)’ has been introduced to deal with this.”可知，“体重管理三年行动计划”被提出以解决人们面临的体重问题，可推测出deal with意为“解决，应对”。故选D。 40．细节理解题。根据“The plan advises that teenagers should do at least 60 minutes of exercise every day. Activities such as running, cycling, and playing basketball are great ideas.”可知，文中建议青少年可进行跑步、骑车等运动。故选A。 41．细节理解题。根据“Some schools have added classes to teach students about healthy eating.”可知，学校可增设健康饮食课程。故选C。 42．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕“体重管理三年行动计划”展开，强调健康饮食、锻炼以及学校和家长的支持，选项B“管理体重需要健康习惯和多方支持”最能概括主旨。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西西安·期末） We all know that not getting enough sleep is bad for our health. But it has been found that less sleep could even make you have fewer friends, The Guardian reported. According to researchers from the University of California, people who don’t get enough sleep are less willing to socialize (社交) with others. They are just too tired to go out. The researchers did a small study. They tested 18 young people who just had a good night’s sleep and tested them again after a sleepless night. The participants watched videos of people walking toward them. When the person on the video got too “close” to them, they stopped the video. The results showed when the participants got a good night’s sleep, they allowed the person to get much closer to them. According to lead researcher Matthew Walker, the less sleep you get, the less you want to socialize with others. In turn, other people may think you are weird (奇怪的) and stay away from you. This can make you feel lonely and make you sleep even less. It becomes a vicious cycle (恶性循环). So if you want to be a more sociable and popular person, sleeping well might help. “One night of good sleep makes you feel more outgoing and socially confident,” Walker told the Daily Mail. 43．Researchers from the University of California believe that less sleep ________. A．makes school life harder B．is good for one’s health C．makes people less sociable D．causes people to become nervous 44．The underlined word “participants” in Paragraph 2 means “________” in Chinese. A．指挥员 B．研究员 C．观察者 D．参加者 45．What is a “vicious eye” caused by sleeping less? A．Sleeping well→socializing more→feeling tired→sleeping less. B．Sleeping well→studying better→getting praise→sleeping more. C．Sleeping less→making more friends→feeling happy→sleeping more. D．Sleeping less→avoiding socializing→feeling lonely→sleeping even less. 【答案】43．C 44．D 45．D 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，结合科学研究与专家观点，阐述了睡眠不足对社交行为的负面影响及其形成的恶性循环机制。 43．细节理解题。根据“According to researchers from the University of California, people who don’t get enough sleep are less willing to socialize (社交) with others.”可知，据加州大学的研究人员称，睡眠不足的人不太愿意与他人交往。故选C。 44．词句猜测题。根据“They tested 18 young people who just had a good night’s sleep and tested them again after a sleepless night. The participants watched videos of people walking toward them.”可知，他们测试了18个刚刚睡了个好觉的年轻人，并在不眠之夜后对他们进行了测试。参与者观看了人们走向他们的视频。此处“participants”指的是去前面参加测试的年轻人。故选D。 45．细节理解题。根据“According to lead researcher Matthew Walker, the less sleep you get, the less you want to socialize with others. In turn, other people may think you are weird (奇怪的) and stay away from you. This can make you feel lonely and make you sleep even less. It becomes a vicious cycle (恶性循环).”可知，首席研究员马修·沃克表示，睡眠越少，你就越不想与他人交往。反过来，其他人可能会认为你很奇怪，并远离你。这会让你感到孤独，让你睡得更少。这就变成了一个恶性循环。故选D。 主题06 人与社会——语言与文化 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西咸阳·期末） American and British people both speak English. But sometimes it does not seem like the same language. In fact, there are some important differences between British English and American English. First of all, they sound very different. Often, Americans don’t say each word separately (分开的). They say some words together. Americans may say “I dunno” instead of “I don’t know”. Or they may say “Whaddya say?” instead of “What did you say?” However, the British are more careful in their words. They usually say all the words and keep them separate. Sound is not only the difference. Words sometimes have different meanings, too. For example, the vocabulary for cars and driving is very different. Americans drive trucks, but in England, people drive lorries. Many expressions (表达) are also different in the two countries. In England, if you are going to telephone your friends, you “phone them up”. In America, you “give them a call”. When you are saying goodbye in England, you might say “Cheerio!” In America, you might say “see you later.” Most languages are like this. Languages change over time. When people live in separate places, the languages change in different ways. 46．The expressions for cars and driving are ________. A．examples of the old English B．examples of the modern English C．the same in America and England D．different in America and England 47．In the passage, the last difference between American and British English is in ________. A．sound B．grammar C．expressions D．words 48．What can we learn about languages from the passage? A．They are the same in all places. B．They are changeable as time passes. C．They keep unchanged even as time goes by. D．They are easy to learn. 49．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Some differences between American and British English. B．The development of English language. C．Some useful English vocabulary. D．An important study of English language learning. 【答案】46．D 47．C 48．B 49．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了英国英语与美国英语的区别。 46．细节理解题。根据“For example, the vocabulary for cars and driving is very different. Americans drive trucks, but in England, people drive lorries.”可知，美国与英国在汽车和驾驶相关词汇上是不同的。故选D。 47．细节理解题。根据“First of all, they sound very different.”、“Sound is not only the difference. Words sometimes have different meanings, too.”和“Many expressions (表达) are also different in the two countries.”可知，文中先提到了发音（sound）的差异，又提到词汇（words）的不同，最后指出了许多常用表达（expressions）的差异。故选C。 48．细节理解题。根据“Languages change over time.”可知，语言会随着时间而变化。故选B。 49．主旨大意题。根据“ In fact, there are some important differences between British English and American English.”及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了英国英语和美国英语的区别。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西渭南·期末） People use languages to communicate. Any language has its ways to express people’s minds. One of the ways in common is the use of idioms (习语). An idiom is a group of words. It has a special meaning that is different from the usual meaning. For example, under the weather is an idiom meaning ill. So when people say “I’m under the weather,” they are saying that they’re not feeling well. Another example, in all weathers means in all kinds of weather. So, “There are homeless people sleeping on the streets in all weathers” tells us that homeless people sleep on the streets no matter whether it is cold or hot. Different languages may have different ways to make idioms. For people who are learning a foreign language, idioms could cause misunderstandings (误解) and bring them endless headaches. On the other hand, if things are done right, idioms can also be a fun way of looking into a new culture and understanding how the people think and talk. Metaphor (比喻) is often used in idioms. Let’s read the following two examples: ●It makes my blood boil (煮沸) when people litter. ●The night was dark and quiet; my blood ran cold when I heard a strange noise outside at a dark night. In neither situation above, can our blood reach the point so high or so low in temperature. Yet, with the situations the two sentences created, it is not difficult to work out the unhappy feelings of really angry in the first example and very afraid in the second. Of course, not all idioms are this easy to understand. When we come to idioms of a foreign language, a good dictionary of idioms is always suggested. 50．This passage tells us something about____________ in the English language. A．grammar B．writing C．reading D．idioms 51．If your brother breaks your computer, you can say to him, “_________”. A．I’m under the weather B．I’m there in all weathers C．You’ve made my blood boil D．My blood runs cold 52．What is the writer’s advice when you come to an expression like under the weather? A．We should look it up in a good idiom dictionary. B．We should try to express our minds with it. C．We should find an interesting way to learn it. D．We should create situations to guess its meaning. 【答案】50．D 51．C 52．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了习语这一语言现象，说明了习语的含义、特点，不同语言中习语的差异，以及习语中常用的比喻手法，并给出了学习外语中习语的建议。 50．主旨大意题。根据“One of the ways in common is the use of idioms. An idiom is a group of words. It has a special meaning that is different from the usual meaning.”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了英语中的习语，故选D。 51．推理判断题。根据“●It makes my blood boil when people litter. ... it is not difficult to work out the unhappy feelings of really angry in the first example”可知，“It makes my blood boil”表示非常生气，当哥哥弄坏了电脑时，会很生气，可用此习语表达，故选C。 52．细节理解题。根据“When we come to idioms of a foreign language, a good dictionary of idioms is always suggested.”可知，当遇到像“under the weather”这样的习语时，作者建议查阅一本好的习语词典，故选A。 主题07 人与社会——电影与戏剧 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·陕西延安·期末） Cartoons have been an important part of our lives since childhood. For some people, cartoons helped them to imagine more and be more creative. And for others, cartoons even changed the way of knowing the world around them. While they have brought a lot of laughter and joy into our lives, cartoons have also taught us many life lessons about friendship and love. In this chart, we’ll have a look at some of the top cartoon characters. Cartoon Introduction ·It is one of the most popular characters of the 20th century. ·Mickey Mouse is happy, nice and good at having fun. ·It is a classic（经典的） American cartoon. ·Tom is silly and Jerry is smart. They are both enemies（敌人） and friends. ·It is a famous cartoon created by Warner Brothers. ·Bugs Bunny is smart and humorous（幽默的）. ·SpongeBob Square Pants lives in a pineapple deep down in the sea. ·SpongeBob Square Pants is lovely and cute. Created in 1928 1940 1940 1999 Firstly voiced（配音）by Walt Disney William Hanna and Mel Blanc Mel Blanc Tom Kenny 53．According to the passage, which of the following can NOT show the importance of cartoons? A．Helping people to be more creative. B．Bringing people a lot of laughter and joy. C．Helping people to be more humorous. D．Teaching people many life lessons. 54．According to the passage, which of the following is the oldest cartoon? A．Mickey Mouse. B．Tom and Jerry. C．Bugs Bunny. D．SpongeBob Square Pants. 55．According to the passage, ________ voiced two cartoons. A．Walt Disney B．William Hanna C．Tom Kenny D．Mel Blanc 56．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A．Mickey Mouse and Its Creator. B．Top Cartoons and Their Importance. C．Five Popular Cartoons. D．How to Learn a Lesson from Cartoons. 【答案】53．C 54．A 55．D 56．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍卡通对人们生活的重要性，还列举米老鼠、汤姆和杰瑞、兔八哥、海绵宝宝等经典卡通角色的相关信息。 53．细节理解题。根据文章第一段 “For some people, cartoons helped them to imagine more and be more creative. And for others, cartoons even changed the way of knowing the world around them. While they have brought a lot of laughter and joy into our lives, cartoons have also taught us many life lessons about friendship and love.” ，可知A、B、D能体现卡通重要性，C选项不能。故选C 。 54．细节理解题。根据表格“Created in”一行可知，Mickey Mouse是1928年，Tom and Jerry和Bugs Bunny是1940年，SpongeBob Square Pants是1999年。Mickey Mouse创建于1928年，是最早的。故选A。 55．细节理解题。根据表格“Firstly voiced（配音）by” 部分，Mel Blanc 为《Tom and Jerry》和《Bugs Bunny》配音。故选D 。 56．最佳标题。文章先讲卡通的重要性，再介绍几个顶级卡通角色。B选项能概括主旨。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·陕西西安·期末） Have you watched the movie Ne Zha 2? It broke box office records in China and people are crazy about its colorful art and exciting story. This success didn’t happen overnight —— it’s part of the long journey of Chinese animation (动画).1920s~1960s: Early Beginning Chinese cartoons began in the 1920s. The first short films were simple. In the 1960s, Havoc in Heaven (《大闹天宫》) became a classic. I tells the story of the Monkey King and shows China's special art style. 1970s~1990s: Slow Development For many years, Chinese cartoons developed slowly. Although fewer films were made, artists kept practicing traditional painting styles and storytelling methods. 2000s~Now: A New Era Everything has changed in the 21st century. With better technology and more creative ideas, Chinese animators started making modern films. Ne Zha 2 is a great example. It mixes ancient Chinese legends (传说) with interesting animation, attracting both the young and the old. Another animated movie, Chang'an, brings Tang Dynasty poets to life, showing that history can be fun and educational. From black-and-white images to 3D cartoon animation, Chinese animation has come a long way. It not only provides pleasure for people but also plays a role in promoting * cultural values and telling traditional stories. These works make the world have a better understanding of China. * The word “promote” means helping something to happen or develop. 57．What was the classic cartoon of the 1960s in China? A．Ne Zha 2. B．White Snake. C．Havoc in Heaven. D．Chang’an. 58．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Havoc in Heaven used modern technology to tell the Monkey King’s story. B．Artists stopped improving Chinese animation between the 1970s and 1990s. C．Ne Zha 2 mixes old legends with interesting animation. D．Children’s love is the main reason for the success of animated movies. 59．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To lead students to watch cartoons. B．To show traditional Chinese art styles. C．To explain the role of technology in art. D．To introduce the development of Chinese animation. 【答案】57．C 58．C 59．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国动画的发展历程，从早期的经典作品《大闹天宫》到现代的《哪吒2》和《长安》，展示了中国动画的进步与成就。 57．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In the 1960s, Havoc in Heaven (《大闹天宫》) became a classic.”可知，20世纪60年代的中国经典动画是《大闹天宫》。故选C。 58．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Ne Zha 2 is a great example. It mixes ancient Chinese legends with interesting animation…”可知，《哪吒2》将古老传说与动画结合，选项C与此一致。故选C。 59．主旨大意题。全文按时间顺序（1920s~1960s、1970s~1990s、2000s~Now）介绍中国动画的发展历程，并举例说明其成就。因此作者的写作目的是“介绍中国动画的发展”。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解之说明文 主题01 人与社会——中华文化 Passage1 1．A 2．D 3．C Passage 2 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．B 主题02 人与自我——健康与运动 Passage 1 8．A 9．A 10．C 11．B 主题03 人与自然——科普知识 Passage 1 12．C 13．B 14．B Passage 2 15．A 16．A 17．A 18．B Passage 3 19．A 20．C 21．D 主题04 人与社会——志愿服务 Passage 1 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．C 主题05 人与自然——发明与创造 Passage 1 26．C 27．B 28．B 主题06 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 29．D 30．C 31．B 主题07 人与社会——家庭关系 Passage 1 32．A 33．B 34．C 主题01 人与社会——景点建筑 Passage1 1．B 2．B 3．C Passage 2 4．A 5．C 6．D Passage 3 7．C 8．B 9．D 主题02 人与社会——志愿服务 Passage 1 10．C 11．D 12．A Passage 2 13．B 14．A 15．D 16．B Passage 3 17．B 18．D 19．A 20．D 主题03 人与社会——中华文化 Passage 1 21．B 22．D 23．A Passage 2 24．B 25．D 26．A Passage 3 27．A 28．A 29．A 主题04 人与自然——科普知识 Passage 1 30．B 31．A 32．D Passage 2 33．A 34．C 35．B Passage 3 36．C 37．D 38．A 主题05 人与自我——健康与运动 Passage 1 39．D 40．A 41．C 42．B Passage 2 43．C 44．D 45．D 主题06 人与社会——语言与文化 Passage 1 46．D 47．C 48．B 49．A Passage 2 50．D 51．C 52．A 主题07 人与社会——电影与戏剧 Passage 1 53．C 54．A 55．D 56．B Passage 2 57．C 58．C 59．D / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $