Unit 8 Natural disasters（阅读表达专练）英语新教材冀教版八年级下册

**基本信息** 聚焦“自然灾害”话题，通过基础到培优的层级设计，系统化训练细节理解与综合表达能力，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础篇|5篇|以细节查找为主，如01题直接提取灾害类型、防护步骤等具体信息|从认识灾害（类型、预警）到个人防护（安全计划、应急措施），构建“现象-应对”的基础认知链条| |培优篇|5篇|增加信息整合与主观表达，如06题概括安全要点、09题跨灾害防护方法归纳|从个人延伸至社会（科技预警、社区合作），进阶到技能应用（新闻写作、演讲），形成“个人-社会-技能”的逻辑深化|

Unit 8 Natural disasters 阅读表达专练 话题：自然灾害 基础篇 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答文后各小题。 01 Natural dangerous events can happen anywhere and at any time. Earthquakes, floods, storms, and wildfires are just a few examples of nature’s powerful forces. While you can’t stop these events, you can learn how to protect yourself and others. The first step is to know the latest news. You can listen to weather reports and important warnings on the radio or your phone. Many countries have warning systems for earthquakes, typhoons, and floods. If you hear a warning, take it seriously and act quickly. Next, make a safety plan with your family. Decide where to meet if you get separated. Prepare an emergency bag with water, food, a torch, a medical box and important papers. Practice what to do during different kinds of dangerous events, like “Drop, Cover, and Hold on” during an earthquake. During a dangerous event, stay calm. If you are indoors, stay away from windows and heavy furniture. If you are outside, move to an open area away from trees, buildings, and electric lines. After the event, avoid damaged areas and listen to adults or police for instructions. Being prepared can save lives. We should respect nature’s power and learn to live safely with it. 1．What natural dangerous events are mentioned in the passage? _______________________________________________________ 2．What can you listen to on the radio or your phone? _______________________________________________________ 3．What should you prepare with your family? _______________________________________________________ 4．What should you do if you are indoors during a dangerous event? _______________________________________________________ 5．What can we learn from the passage? _______________________________________________________ 02 Natural disasters are powerful, but humans are not completely helpless. By working together and using technology, we can reduce the damage they cause and protect ourselves. Here is how we fight back. First, we use technology to get early warnings. Scientists use special tools to watch the earth and sky closely. They can often tell us when a big storm, flood, or earthquake might be coming. For example, before a typhoon hits the coast, weather stations send out warnings. This gives people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. Second, we build stronger and smarter structures. Engineers design buildings that can stand against the power of nature. In places with many earthquakes, buildings are made to sway a little instead of breaking. In coastal areas, strong walls can help to keep the ocean waves away. For instance, Japan has built high sea walls to protect its towns from tsunamis. Third, community cooperation is the key. When everyone works together, we become stronger. People practise evacuation drills regularly so they know what to do when a disaster really happens. Neighbours check on each other, especially the elderly and children. After a disaster, rescue teams and volunteers from the community and beyond work day and night to help those in need. Some people think we cannot win against nature’s power, and it is true that we cannot stop disasters from happening. However, by preparing well and helping each other, we can greatly reduce the harm they cause. Our best “weapon” is knowledge, preparation, and unity. In short, with early warnings, strong engineering, and community spirit, we can build a safer world even in the face of natural disasters.Task 1: 1．How many main ways to fight against natural disasters does the passage mention? _______________________________________________________ 2．What is the purpose of early warnings before a typhoon? _______________________________________________________ 3．How are buildings in earthquake zones designed to protect people? _______________________________________________________ 4．Why is community cooperation so important according to the passage? _______________________________________________________ Task 2: 5．Imagine you are the leader of your school’s Safety Club. Your town has just received an early warning for a coming typhoon. Based on the passage, write a short speech to tell your schoolmates what they should do to prepare for it. (Use your own words at least 30 words.) _______________________________________________________ 03 Writing a news report about natural disasters is a useful skill. A good news report has clear structure and correct facts. It usually includes a headline, lead paragraph, body and ending. The headline is short and tells the main event. The lead paragraph comes first. It answers the key questions: what, when, where, who and why. The body gives more details about the disaster, such as damage, death number and rescue work. The ending tells about future plans or rebuilding. When you write a news report, you should use past tense for the event and present perfect tense for rescue work. You should write in the third person and give true information. Do not add your own feelings. Making a leaflet is also helpful. A disaster leaflet for communities introduces a kind of disaster, its causes and effects. It tells people what to do before, during and after the disaster. It often uses clear pictures and simple language so everyone can understand easily. Leaflets can be put up in communities, schools and hospitals. They help people learn safety knowledge quickly. Good leaflets can save lives when disasters come.Task 1 回答问题 1．What does a good news report include? _______________________________________________________ 2．What does the lead paragraph answer? _______________________________________________________ 3．What tenses should we use in a news report? _______________________________________________________ 4．What does a community disaster leaflet tell people? _______________________________________________________ 5．Where can we put up disaster leaflets? _______________________________________________________ Task 2 主观表达 6．Why is it helpful to make disaster leaflets for communities? (No more than 30 words) 04 An earthquake is a terrible natural disaster. It happens under the ground suddenly. When a strong earthquake comes, many buildings may fall down. People may get hurt or lose their homes. Though we can’t stop earthquakes, we can learn ways to keep safe. When the earthquake happens indoors, we should hide under strong desks or tables. We must stay away from windows. If we are outside, we should run to open and safe places right away. After the earthquake, don’t walk near broken buildings and wires. We should stay calm and help each other. 1．What kind of natural disaster does the passage talk about? _______________________________________________________ 2．Where does an earthquake happen? _______________________________________________________ 3．What may happen when a strong earthquake comes? _______________________________________________________ 4．What should we do if we are indoors during the earthquake? _______________________________________________________ 5．Should we stay near windows when the earthquake comes? _______________________________________________________ 6．Do you think it is necessary to have earthquake drills (演习) in the school? Why? _______________________________________________________ 05 On December 26th, 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old British girl, was on holiday with her family in Phuket, Thailand. They had no idea that a huge tsunami (海啸) was on its way. The tsunami would take 200,000 lives. Tilly had learned about tsunamis in her geography class and seen a video of how they could unfold. As she was on the beach, she noticed something strange. “My mom didn’t realize what was happening,” Tilly recalled. But she did. The water seemed to be boiling (沸腾) and made a strange noise. Instead of flowing out, it kept coming in, moving towards the hotel. She quickly told her mother and sister that it was a sign of an incoming tsunami. At first, they were doubtful (怀疑的). After all, Tilly was just a child. However, Tilly’s father and sister returned to the hotel and informed others. Tilly rushed to the beach to warn everyone. The hotel workers trusted her and helped evacuate (撤离) people. Minutes later, a huge wave (浪) crashed onto the beach. Thanks to Tilly’s quick thinking, no one on that beach was seriously injured. She became a real hero that day! 1．When did the tsunami happen? (不超过5个词) _______________________________________________________ 2．Why did Tilly’s family doubt what she said at first? (不超过10个词) _______________________________________________________ 3．What happened thanks to Tilly’s quick thinking? (不超过10个词) _______________________________________________________ 培优篇 06 Natural disasters are terrible, but we can do something to keep safe. First, learn about different natural disasters. Know when and where they may happen. Second, make a safety plan with your family. Decide where to meet if you can’t find each other. Third, prepare a safety bag. Put food, water and medicine in it. Don’t forget to listen to the weather report every day. It can give you early warnings. When disasters come, follow the rules and help each other. Safety is always the first. 1．What can we learn about natural disasters? _____________________________________________________ 2．What should we make with our family? _____________________________________________________ 3．What should we put in the safety bag? _____________________________________________________ 4．Why should we listen to the weather report? _____________________________________________________ 5．What is the most important thing in disasters? _____________________________________________________ 07 The sea is one of the greatest natural wonders. It covers most of our earth. There are tall mountains and valleys under the sea. Lots of special sea animals live in deep water. They can live in dark and cold places. People can’t see them easily. Big waves from the sea can bring heavy rain and floods. So the sea is beautiful but powerful. We must learn sea safety rules. Never swim alone in the sea. Stay away from big waves. Protect sea water and don’t throw rubbish into it. The sea gives us life, so we should love and respect it. 1．How much of the earth does the sea cover? _____________________________________________________ 2．What is under the sea? _____________________________________________________ 3．Where do special sea animals live? _____________________________________________________ 4．What danger may big sea waves bring? _____________________________________________________ 5．What should we do to the sea? _____________________________________________________ 08 A Night of the Wildfire It was a cold night in southwestern China. A wildfire started suddenly in the mountain near a village. The wind made the fire spread quickly. Thick smoke filled the air, and the heat was terrible. The villagers were very scared. Some tried to put out the fire with water, but it was useless. The firefighters arrived soon. They worked day and night to control the fire. They told the villagers to hide in the safe rooms and wait for rescue. Thankfully, the fire was put out after two days. No villagers were hurt, but some houses were damaged. The villagers thanked the firefighters and promised to learn more about how to face wildfires. 1．Where did the wildfire start? _____________________________________________________ 2．What made the wildfire spread quickly? _____________________________________________________ 3．Who arrived to help the villagers? _____________________________________________________ 4．How long did it take to put out the fire? _____________________________________________________ 5．What did the villagers promise to do? _____________________________________________________ 09 When disaster strikes, such as earthquakes, floods or fires, it’s important to know how to keep safe. Here are some safety tips for different disasters. First, for earthquakes. When an earthquake happens, if you are indoors, you should stay calm and hide under a strong table or desk quickly. You should stay away from windows, mirrors and heavy furniture (家具) because they may fall down and hurt you. Don’t use the lift. If you are outdoors, you should stay away from buildings, trees and power lines. You should stand in an open area and wait for the earthquake to stop. Second, for floods. If there is a flood warning, you should move to higher ground quickly. You should take important things with you, such as food, water and clothes. Don’t walk or drive through deep water because you may be washed away. Don’t swim in floodwater because it’s dangerous. Third, for fires. When a fire breaks out, you should cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to avoid breathing in smoke. You should stay low to the ground because smoke rises. You should use the stairs instead of the lift. If you can’t get out, you should stay in a room with the door closed and call for help. Don’t jump out of the window unless it’s the only way to get out of a fire. It’s important to remember these safety methods. They can help us keep safe when disasters strike. 1．What should you do indoors when an earthquake happens? (两种情况即可得分) _____________________________________________________ 2．If there is a flood, where should we move to? _____________________________________________________ 3．Why shouldn’t we swim in floods? _____________________________________________________ 4．How can you protect yourself from smoke if a fire breaks out? (两种情况即可得分) _____________________________________________________ 5．What should you do if you cannot get out of a fire? _____________________________________________________ 10 We had just got inside when there was a loud sound in the air. A light suddenly filled our house. Then, it was over. We could just hear the rain and rumbling (隆隆声). When we looked out of the window, we saw smoke coming off the tree. Lightning hit it! We were really scared to see what lightning could do. The next day at school, I told my teacher what I had experienced. I asked him many questions about lightning. Mr Neil said that lightning is an electric discharge (放电) from one cloud to another, or from one cloud to the earth. The discharge is the result of the electricity getting together. It is very dangerous. Now I see why lightning hits the highest thing, and why it’s dangerous to stay under a tree during a rainstorm. 1．When did the writer hear the rain and rumbling? (不超过10个词) _____________________________________________________ 2．How did the writer feel when he saw what lightning could do? (不超过5个词) _____________________________________________________ 3．What does the writer think of the discharge? (不超过10个词) _____________________________________________________ ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Natural disasters 阅读表达专练 话题：自然灾害 基础篇 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答文后各小题。 01 Natural dangerous events can happen anywhere and at any time. Earthquakes, floods, storms, and wildfires are just a few examples of nature’s powerful forces. While you can’t stop these events, you can learn how to protect yourself and others. The first step is to know the latest news. You can listen to weather reports and important warnings on the radio or your phone. Many countries have warning systems for earthquakes, typhoons, and floods. If you hear a warning, take it seriously and act quickly. Next, make a safety plan with your family. Decide where to meet if you get separated. Prepare an emergency bag with water, food, a torch, a medical box and important papers. Practice what to do during different kinds of dangerous events, like “Drop, Cover, and Hold on” during an earthquake. During a dangerous event, stay calm. If you are indoors, stay away from windows and heavy furniture. If you are outside, move to an open area away from trees, buildings, and electric lines. After the event, avoid damaged areas and listen to adults or police for instructions. Being prepared can save lives. We should respect nature’s power and learn to live safely with it. 1．What natural dangerous events are mentioned in the passage? _______________________________________________________ 2．What can you listen to on the radio or your phone? _______________________________________________________ 3．What should you prepare with your family? _______________________________________________________ 4．What should you do if you are indoors during a dangerous event? _______________________________________________________ 5．What can we learn from the passage? _______________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Earthquakes, floods, storms, wildfires and typhoons. 2．Weather reports and important warnings. 3．An emergency bag (with water, food, a light, a medical box and important papers). 4．Stay away from windows and heavy furniture. 5．We should respect nature’s power and get prepared for natural dangerous events. 【导语】本文介绍了常见的自然灾害，给出了收听预警、制定安全计划、准备应急包等应对灾害的实用建议，强调了敬畏自然、提前准备的重要性。 1．第一段：“Earthquakes, floods, storms, and wildfires are just a few examples of nature’s powerful forces.”和第二段“Many countries have warning systems for earthquakes, typhoons, and floods.”文中提到的自然灾害有地震、洪水、风暴、野火和台风。直接提取原文即可。 2．第二段指出：“You can listen to weather reports and important warnings on the radio or your phone.”我们可以通过收音机或手机收听天气预报和重要预警。直接提取原文即可。 3．第三段指出：“Prepare an emergency bag with water, food, a torch, a medical box and important papers.”我们应和家人准备一个装有水、食物、手电筒、药箱和重要文件的应急包。直接提取原文即可。 4．第四段指出：“If you are indoors, stay away from windows and heavy furniture.”可知，在室内遇到危险事件时，应远离窗户和沉重家具。直接提取原文即可。 5．最后一段“Being prepared can save lives. We should respect nature’s power and learn to live safely with it.”文章主旨是呼吁人们敬畏自然力量，为自然灾害做好准备。 02 Natural disasters are powerful, but humans are not completely helpless. By working together and using technology, we can reduce the damage they cause and protect ourselves. Here is how we fight back. First, we use technology to get early warnings. Scientists use special tools to watch the earth and sky closely. They can often tell us when a big storm, flood, or earthquake might be coming. For example, before a typhoon hits the coast, weather stations send out warnings. This gives people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. Second, we build stronger and smarter structures. Engineers design buildings that can stand against the power of nature. In places with many earthquakes, buildings are made to sway a little instead of breaking. In coastal areas, strong walls can help to keep the ocean waves away. For instance, Japan has built high sea walls to protect its towns from tsunamis. Third, community cooperation is the key. When everyone works together, we become stronger. People practise evacuation drills regularly so they know what to do when a disaster really happens. Neighbours check on each other, especially the elderly and children. After a disaster, rescue teams and volunteers from the community and beyond work day and night to help those in need. Some people think we cannot win against nature’s power, and it is true that we cannot stop disasters from happening. However, by preparing well and helping each other, we can greatly reduce the harm they cause. Our best “weapon” is knowledge, preparation, and unity. In short, with early warnings, strong engineering, and community spirit, we can build a safer world even in the face of natural disasters.Task 1: 1．How many main ways to fight against natural disasters does the passage mention? _______________________________________________________ 2．What is the purpose of early warnings before a typhoon? _______________________________________________________ 3．How are buildings in earthquake zones designed to protect people? _______________________________________________________ 4．Why is community cooperation so important according to the passage? _______________________________________________________ Task 2: 5．Imagine you are the leader of your school’s Safety Club. Your town has just received an early warning for a coming typhoon. Based on the passage, write a short speech to tell your schoolmates what they should do to prepare for it. (Use your own words at least 30 words.) _______________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Three main ways. 2．To give people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. 3．They are made to sway a little instead of breaking. 4．Because when everyone works together, people become stronger. They can practise evacuation drills, check on each other, and help those in need after disasters. 5．Hello, everyone! A typhoon is coming. First, please stay calm. We should help our families prepare an emergency kit with food, water, and a flashlight. Also, remember to stay indoors when the typhoon comes. Let’s check our classrooms to make sure all windows are closed. Finally, listen to the latest news. Let’s work together to stay safe! (Any reasonable answer is OK.) 【导语】本文主要介绍了几种应对自然灾害的方法。 1．第二段“First…”、第三段“Second…”和第四段Third…”明确指出有三种与自然灾害作斗争的主要方法。 2．第二段提到“First, we use technology to get early warnings…This gives people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water.”，说明其目的是给人们时间做准备，如转移到更安全的地方或储存食物和水。 3．第三段提到“In places with many earthquakes, buildings are made to sway a little instead of breaking.”，说明建筑物会稍微摇晃一下，而不会倒塌，以此来保护人们。 4．第四段提到“When everyone works together, we become stronger. People practise evacuation drills regularly so they know what to do when a disaster really happens. Neighbours check on each other, especially the elderly and children. After a disaster, rescue teams and volunteers from the community and beyond work day and night to help those in need.”，说明当大家齐心协力时，人们会变得更强大，他们可以一起进行疏散演练，互相照应，并在灾后帮助那些需要帮助的人。 5．开放性题目，答案不唯一，结合文章内容合理作答即可，注意词数要求。 03 Writing a news report about natural disasters is a useful skill. A good news report has clear structure and correct facts. It usually includes a headline, lead paragraph, body and ending. The headline is short and tells the main event. The lead paragraph comes first. It answers the key questions: what, when, where, who and why. The body gives more details about the disaster, such as damage, death number and rescue work. The ending tells about future plans or rebuilding. When you write a news report, you should use past tense for the event and present perfect tense for rescue work. You should write in the third person and give true information. Do not add your own feelings. Making a leaflet is also helpful. A disaster leaflet for communities introduces a kind of disaster, its causes and effects. It tells people what to do before, during and after the disaster. It often uses clear pictures and simple language so everyone can understand easily. Leaflets can be put up in communities, schools and hospitals. They help people learn safety knowledge quickly. Good leaflets can save lives when disasters come.Task 1 回答问题 1．What does a good news report include? _______________________________________________________ 2．What does the lead paragraph answer? _______________________________________________________ 3．What tenses should we use in a news report? _______________________________________________________ 4．What does a community disaster leaflet tell people? _______________________________________________________ 5．Where can we put up disaster leaflets? _______________________________________________________ Task 2 主观表达 6．Why is it helpful to make disaster leaflets for communities? (No more than 30 words) 【答案】1．It includes a headline, lead paragraph, body and ending. 2．It answers the key questions: what, when, where, who and why. 3．We should use past tense and present perfect tense. 4．It tells people what to do before, during and after the disaster. 5．We can put them up in communities, schools and hospitals. 6．They help people learn safety knowledge quickly and can save lives. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了如何撰写关于自然灾害的新闻报道，包括其结构、时态要求，以及制作社区灾害传单的内容、放置地点及其重要性。 【详解】11．根据第一段“It usually includes a headline, lead paragraph, body and ending.”可知，一篇好的新闻报道包含标题、导语、主体和结尾。因此答案是原文直接信息。 1．根据第二段“It answers the key questions: what, when, where, who and why.”可知，导语段落回答这些关键问题。因此答案是原文直接信息。 2．根据第三段“you should use past tense for the event and present perfect tense for rescue work.”可知，新闻报道中应使用时态为过去时和现在完成时。因此答案是原文直接信息。 3．根据第四段“It tells people what to do before, during and after the disaster.”可知，社区灾害传单告诉人们在灾害之前、期间和之后该做什么。因此答案是原文直接信息。 4．根据第五段“Leaflets can be put up in communities, schools and hospitals.”可知，传单可以张贴在社区、学校和医院。因此答案是原文直接信息。 5．本题是开放性试题，根据第五段“They help people learn safety knowledge quickly. Good leaflets can save lives when disasters come.”可知，制作传单有助于人们快速学习安全知识并在灾害来临时挽救生命，合理作答即可。 04 An earthquake is a terrible natural disaster. It happens under the ground suddenly. When a strong earthquake comes, many buildings may fall down. People may get hurt or lose their homes. Though we can’t stop earthquakes, we can learn ways to keep safe. When the earthquake happens indoors, we should hide under strong desks or tables. We must stay away from windows. If we are outside, we should run to open and safe places right away. After the earthquake, don’t walk near broken buildings and wires. We should stay calm and help each other. 1．What kind of natural disaster does the passage talk about? _______________________________________________________ 2．Where does an earthquake happen? _______________________________________________________ 3．What may happen when a strong earthquake comes? _______________________________________________________ 4．What should we do if we are indoors during the earthquake? _______________________________________________________ 5．Should we stay near windows when the earthquake comes? _______________________________________________________ 6．Do you think it is necessary to have earthquake drills (演习) in the school? Why? _______________________________________________________ 【答案】1．It talks about earthquakes./Earthquakes. 2．It happens under the ground./Under the ground. 3．Many buildings may fall down and people may get hurt or lose their homes. 4．We should hide under strong desks or tables and stay away from windows. 5．No, we shouldn’t. 6．Yes, I think so. Because earthquake drills teach us to keep safe and stay away from danger. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了地震的危害以及地震发生时室内、室外的安全自救方法。 【详解】17．根据第1段“An earthquake is a terrible natural disaster.”直接提取信息，说明文章介绍的自然灾害是地震。 1．根据第1段“It happens under the ground suddenly.”直接提取地点信息，说明地震发生在地下。 2．根据第1段“When a strong earthquake comes, many buildings may fall down. People may get hurt or lose their homes.”整合提取两处内容，概括强烈地震来临时会发生的后果。 3．根据第2段“…we should hide under strong desks or tables. We must stay away from windows.”整合提取两条做法，概括地震在室内时我们应该做的事情。 4．根据第2段“We must stay away from windows.”判断，地震时不能靠近窗户，所以作否定回答。 5．本题为开放题，答案不唯一。先明确表态，再说明理由。校园地震演习能教会学生避险自救、保持冷静，遇到地震可以保护自己，语句通顺、贴合文意即可。 05 On December 26th, 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old British girl, was on holiday with her family in Phuket, Thailand. They had no idea that a huge tsunami (海啸) was on its way. The tsunami would take 200,000 lives. Tilly had learned about tsunamis in her geography class and seen a video of how they could unfold. As she was on the beach, she noticed something strange. “My mom didn’t realize what was happening,” Tilly recalled. But she did. The water seemed to be boiling (沸腾) and made a strange noise. Instead of flowing out, it kept coming in, moving towards the hotel. She quickly told her mother and sister that it was a sign of an incoming tsunami. At first, they were doubtful (怀疑的). After all, Tilly was just a child. However, Tilly’s father and sister returned to the hotel and informed others. Tilly rushed to the beach to warn everyone. The hotel workers trusted her and helped evacuate (撤离) people. Minutes later, a huge wave (浪) crashed onto the beach. Thanks to Tilly’s quick thinking, no one on that beach was seriously injured. She became a real hero that day! 1．When did the tsunami happen? (不超过5个词) _______________________________________________________ 2．Why did Tilly’s family doubt what she said at first? (不超过10个词) _______________________________________________________ 3．What happened thanks to Tilly’s quick thinking? (不超过10个词) _______________________________________________________ 【答案】1．On December 26th, 2. 3．Because Tilly was just a child. 4．No one was seriously injured. 【导语】本文主要讲述了10岁英国女孩蒂莉凭借地理课所学知识，提前察觉海啸征兆并及时提醒众人，挽救了海滩上所有人的生命。 1． 第一段明确指出“On December 26th, 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old British girl, was on holiday with her family in Phuket, Thailand. They had no idea that a huge tsunami was on its way. The tsunami would take 200,000 lives.”，这是原文直接提取。 2．第三段明确指出“At first, they were doubtful. After all, Tilly was just a child.”，这是原文直接提取。 3．第三段明确指出“Thanks to Tilly’s quick thinking, no one on that beach was seriously injured.”，这是原文直接提取。 培优篇 06 06 Natural disasters are terrible, but we can do something to keep safe. First, learn about different natural disasters. Know when and where they may happen. Second, make a safety plan with your family. Decide where to meet if you can’t find each other. Third, prepare a safety bag. Put food, water and medicine in it. Don’t forget to listen to the weather report every day. It can give you early warnings. When disasters come, follow the rules and help each other. Safety is always the first. 1．What can we learn about natural disasters? _____________________________________________________ 2．What should we make with our family? _____________________________________________________ 3．What should we put in the safety bag? _____________________________________________________ 4．Why should we listen to the weather report? _____________________________________________________ 5．What is the most important thing in disasters? _____________________________________________________ 【答案】1．We can learn when and where they may happen. 2．We should make a safety plan. 3．We should put food, water and medicine in it. 4．Because it cangive you early warnings. 5．Safety is the most important thing. 【导语】本文主要介绍了面对自然灾害时的安全防护方法，包括了解灾害信息、制定家庭安全计划、准备安全包、关注天气预报等，强调了安全第一的原则。 1．第一段“First, learn about different natural disasters. Know when and where they may happen.”，直接提取信息作答。 2．第一段“Second, make a safety plan with your family.”，直接提取信息作答。 3．第一段“Third, prepare a safety bag. Put food, water and medicine in it.”，直接提取信息作答。 4．第二段“Don’t forget to listen to the weather report every day. It can give you early warnings.”，直接提取原因信息作答。 5．第二段“Safety is always the first.”，直接提取核心信息作答。 07 The sea is one of the greatest natural wonders. It covers most of our earth. There are tall mountains and valleys under the sea. Lots of special sea animals live in deep water. They can live in dark and cold places. People can’t see them easily. Big waves from the sea can bring heavy rain and floods. So the sea is beautiful but powerful. We must learn sea safety rules. Never swim alone in the sea. Stay away from big waves. Protect sea water and don’t throw rubbish into it. The sea gives us life, so we should love and respect it. 1．How much of the earth does the sea cover? _____________________________________________________ 2．What is under the sea? _____________________________________________________ 3．Where do special sea animals live? _____________________________________________________ 4．What danger may big sea waves bring? _____________________________________________________ 5．What should we do to the sea? _____________________________________________________ 【答案】1．It covers most of the earth. 2．There are tall mountains and valleys. 3．They live in deep water. 4．They may bring heavy rain and floods. 5．We should love, respect and protect it. 【导语】本文主要介绍了海洋的基本情况、自然特征以及人类对海洋应有的态度与做法。 1．首段直接说明“It covers most of our earth”，因此答案是直接信息题，从原文原句中可直接提取答案。 2． 首段明确提到“There are tall mountains and valleys under the sea”，属于原文直接陈述的事实信息，答案可直接引用原文内容。 3．首段指出“Lots of special sea animals live in deep water”，是对特殊海洋动物生存环境的直接描述，属于直接信息题，可直接提取原文信息作答。 4．第二段开头直接给出“Big waves from the sea can bring heavy rain and floods”，是原文中对海浪带来的危险的直接说明，答案可直接引述原文内容。 5．本题是对全文信息的概括总结题。文章提到要学习海洋安全规则、保护海水、不扔垃圾，同时结尾点明“so we should love and respect it”，将这些内容整合，得出应爱护、尊重并保护海洋的结论。 08 A Night of the Wildfire It was a cold night in southwestern China. A wildfire started suddenly in the mountain near a village. The wind made the fire spread quickly. Thick smoke filled the air, and the heat was terrible. The villagers were very scared. Some tried to put out the fire with water, but it was useless. The firefighters arrived soon. They worked day and night to control the fire. They told the villagers to hide in the safe rooms and wait for rescue. Thankfully, the fire was put out after two days. No villagers were hurt, but some houses were damaged. The villagers thanked the firefighters and promised to learn more about how to face wildfires. 1．Where did the wildfire start? _____________________________________________________ 2．What made the wildfire spread quickly? _____________________________________________________ 3．Who arrived to help the villagers? _____________________________________________________ 4．How long did it take to put out the fire? _____________________________________________________ 5．What did the villagers promise to do? _____________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Near a village in southwestern China. 2．The strong wind. 3．The firefighters. 4．Two days. 5．Learn more about facing wildfires. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了中国西南部一个村庄附近山林突发野火，消防员赶来灭火，最终火势被扑灭且无人受伤的故事。 1．根据“A wildfire started suddenly in the mountain near a village.”可知，野火始于村庄附近的山里。故填Near a village in southwestern China. 2．根据“The wind made the fire spread quickly.”可知，风让野火迅速蔓延。故填The strong wind. 3．根据“The firefighters arrived soon.”可知，消防员赶来帮助村民。故填The firefighters. 4．根据“Thankfully, the fire was put out after two days.”可知，灭火用了两天时间。故填Two days. 5．根据“The villagers thanked the firefighters and promised to learn more about how to face wildfires.”可知，村民承诺学习更多应对野火的方法。故填Learn more about facing wildfires. 09 When disaster strikes, such as earthquakes, floods or fires, it’s important to know how to keep safe. Here are some safety tips for different disasters. First, for earthquakes. When an earthquake happens, if you are indoors, you should stay calm and hide under a strong table or desk quickly. You should stay away from windows, mirrors and heavy furniture (家具) because they may fall down and hurt you. Don’t use the lift. If you are outdoors, you should stay away from buildings, trees and power lines. You should stand in an open area and wait for the earthquake to stop. Second, for floods. If there is a flood warning, you should move to higher ground quickly. You should take important things with you, such as food, water and clothes. Don’t walk or drive through deep water because you may be washed away. Don’t swim in floodwater because it’s dangerous. Third, for fires. When a fire breaks out, you should cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to avoid breathing in smoke. You should stay low to the ground because smoke rises. You should use the stairs instead of the lift. If you can’t get out, you should stay in a room with the door closed and call for help. Don’t jump out of the window unless it’s the only way to get out of a fire. It’s important to remember these safety methods. They can help us keep safe when disasters strike. 1．What should you do indoors when an earthquake happens? (两种情况即可得分) _____________________________________________________ 2．If there is a flood, where should we move to? _____________________________________________________ 3．Why shouldn’t we swim in floods? _____________________________________________________ 4．How can you protect yourself from smoke if a fire breaks out? (两种情况即可得分) _____________________________________________________ 5．What should you do if you cannot get out of a fire? _____________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Stay calm and hide under a strong table or desk quickly. Stay away from windows, mirrors and heavy furniture. Don’t use the lift.（任选两种即可） 2．Higher ground. 3．Because it’s dangerous. 4．Cover my mouth and nose with a wet towel. Stay low to the ground. 5．Stay in a room with the door closed and call for help. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在地震、洪水和火灾等灾害发生时如何保持安全，并提供了一些具体的安全建议。 1．根据第二段“…if you are indoors, you should stay calm and hide under a strong table or desk quickly. You should stay away from windows, mirrors and heavy furniture because they may fall down and hurt you.”可知，地震时在室内应保持冷静、迅速躲到结实的桌子或书桌下，并远离窗户、镜子和重家具。此外，该部分还提到“Don’t use the lift.” (不要使用电梯)。故填Stay calm and hide under a strong table or desk quickly. Stay away from windows, mirrors and heavy furniture. Don’t use the lift. (任选两种即可) 2．根据第三段“If there is a flood warning, you should move to higher ground quickly.”可知，如果有洪水预警，应该迅速转移到高地。故填Higher ground. 3．根据第三段“Don’t swim in floodwater because it’s dangerous.”可知，不要在洪水中游泳，因为这很危险。故填Because it’s dangerous. 4．根据第四段“When a fire breaks out, you should cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to avoid breathing in smoke. You should stay low to the ground because smoke rises.”可知，火灾发生时，可以用湿毛巾捂住口鼻以避免吸入烟雾；应该尽量贴近地面，因为烟雾会上升。题目要求回答两种情况，故可以填Cover my mouth and nose with a wet towel. Stay low to the ground. 5．根据第四段“If you can’t get out, you should stay in a room with the door closed and call for help.”可知，如果无法逃出火灾现场，应该待在门关着的房间里并呼救。故填Stay in a room with the door closed and call for help. 10 We had just got inside when there was a loud sound in the air. A light suddenly filled our house. Then, it was over. We could just hear the rain and rumbling (隆隆声). When we looked out of the window, we saw smoke coming off the tree. Lightning hit it! We were really scared to see what lightning could do. The next day at school, I told my teacher what I had experienced. I asked him many questions about lightning. Mr Neil said that lightning is an electric discharge (放电) from one cloud to another, or from one cloud to the earth. The discharge is the result of the electricity getting together. It is very dangerous. Now I see why lightning hits the highest thing, and why it’s dangerous to stay under a tree during a rainstorm. 1．When did the writer hear the rain and rumbling? (不超过10个词) _____________________________________________________ 2．How did the writer feel when he saw what lightning could do? (不超过5个词) _____________________________________________________ 3．What does the writer think of the discharge? (不超过10个词) _____________________________________________________ 【答案】1．After a light was over. 2．He felt scared. 3．It is very dangerous. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者经历闪电击中树木的事件，并通过向老师请教了解到闪电的相关知识。 1．根据第一段“A light suddenly filled our house. Then, it was over. We could just hear the rain and rumbling.”可知，作者在那道强光消失后听到了雨声和隆隆声。故填After a light was over. 2．根据第二段“We were really scared to see what lightning could do.”可知，作者看到闪电的威力时感到很害怕。故填He felt scared. 3．根据第三段“The discharge is the result of the electricity getting together. It is very dangerous.”可知，作者认为这种放电现象非常危险。故填It is very dangerous. ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $