专题08 阅读与表达（期末真题汇编，北京专用）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 汇编北京多区高二下期末阅读真题，聚焦即时满足、注意力经济等社会热点，融合细节理解与开放表达，适配高中英语核心素养培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读表达|40题（每篇4题）|细节理解（如即时满足定义）、推理分析（如延迟满足意义）、批判性思维（句子改错）、书面表达（40词开放题）|情境贴近青少年生活（短视频使用、观鸟爱好），问题梯度分明，汇编北京东城、西城等区期末真题|

专题08 阅读与表达 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·北京东城·期末） We live in a world where modern technology feeds into our urge for instant rewards. With just a click, we can watch videos, order food, or buy things online. This ease of accessing pleasures strengthens the temptation (诱惑) to give in to instant gratification rather than work towards long-term goals. Instant gratification is the desire to experience pleasure or satisfaction without any delay. It dates back to the initial stages of humanity, when our ancestors lived in uncertain times with an unpredictable future. The unpredictable future made delaying gratification risky. This concept has become increasingly relevant in today’s world, providing us with a sense of satisfaction and achievement when we experience immediate rewards for our actions or decisions. When we move toward our goals, sometimes things get tough. Under such circumstances, using instant gratification wisely can help us stay on track with our long-term objectives by providing short-term rewards along the way. However, consistently giving in to the temptation of quick rewards can rewire our brains, affecting our capacity for patience and self-control and overshadowing the importance of long-term planning in every aspect of our lives. The immediate rewards offered by social media in the form of likes, shares, and comments can lead to addictive behaviours. Additionally, this trend can cause a lack of attention focus among users of all ages. The urge for immediate satisfaction brought by consuming junk food can lead to choosing low-quality and unhealthy foods over nutritional options, resulting in negative impacts on our bodies. The desire to avoid physical activities and choose immediate comfort outweighs the potential positive outcomes of improved fitness and well-being, leading us to skip exercise. The need for speedy outcomes can reduce our ability to wait for more rewarding achievements. Therefore, understanding how instant gratification affects us is an essential part of maintaining balance in life. Learning how to recognize when immediate rewards are helpful rather than holding back progress is key to having healthy relationships with ourselves and others around us. 40. What does instant gratification refer to? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. How can instant gratification help us if it is used properly? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. We sometimes choose low-quality and unhealthy foods because we don’t care about their negative impacts on our bodies. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. How will you avoid the negative impacts of instant gratification? (About 40 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Instant gratification refers to the desire to experience pleasure or satisfaction without any delay. 41. It can help us stay on track with our long-term objectives by providing short-term rewards along the way. 42. We sometimes choose low-quality and unhealthy foods because we don’t care about their negative impacts on our bodies. Because we want to get the immediate satisfaction/instant gratification. 43. Open. I’ll set clear long-term goals, limit social media use, and choose healthy foods, exercising self-control to avoid instant gratification's negatives. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了即时满足感的概念、在当下的意义、过度追求即时满足感的危害以及保持生活平衡的重要性。 40. 考查细节理解。根据第二段“Instant gratification is the desire to experience pleasure or satisfaction without any delay.(即时满足感是指渴望毫无延迟地体验快乐或满足)”可知，即时满足感指的是毫无延迟地体验快乐或满足的欲望。故答案为Instant gratification refers to the desire to experience pleasure or satisfaction without any delay. 41. 考查细节理解。根据第二段“Under such circumstances, using instant gratification wisely can help us stay on track with our long-term objectives by providing short-term rewards along the way.(在这种情况下，明智地利用即时满足感，通过在过程中提供短期奖励，可以帮助我们坚持长期目标)”可知，合理使用即时满足感能通过提供短期奖励帮助我们坚持长期目标。故答案为It can help us stay on track with our long-term objectives by providing short-term rewards along the way. 42. 考查推理判断。根据第三段“The urge for immediate satisfaction brought by consuming junk food can lead to choosing low-quality and unhealthy foods over nutritional options, resulting in negative impacts on our bodies.(食用垃圾食品带来的即时满足感的冲动，会导致人们选择低质量、不健康的食品，而不是有营养的食品，从而对身体产生负面影响)”可知，选择低质不健康食品是因为追求即时满足感，而非不关心其负面影响。故We sometimes choose low-quality and unhealthy foods because we don’t care about their negative impacts on our bodies. 中“we don’t care about their negative impacts on our bodies”错误，应改为“we want to get the immediate satisfaction/instant gratification.”。故答案为We sometimes choose low-quality and unhealthy foods because we don’t care about their negative impacts on our bodies. Because we want to get the immediate satisfaction/instant gratification. 43. 考查开放性试题。题干意思为：你将如何避免即时满足的负面影响？结合文章中过度追求即时满足感的危害，可从设定目标、自我约束等方面回答。故答案为I’ll set clear long-term goals, limit social media use, and choose healthy foods, exercising self-control to avoid instant gratification’s negatives.（开放性试题，答案合理即可）。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·北京西城·期末） We live in a world filled with distractions. Everywhere we look, we can find instant pleasures available for next-day delivery right to our homes. In a culture surrounded by messages saying that we can lose the discomfort right now, delayed gratification, which refers to the ability to wait for a long-term reward, is less attractive. But research shows it makes all the difference in achieving a more important and satisfying goal. Delayed gratification and instant gratification involve the timing and approach to achieving satisfaction or rewards. The former requires self-discipline and the ability to manage impulses, while the latter often involves giving in to immediate desires. An example of this could be when a young man chooses to resist the urge to splurge (挥霍) on luxury items and instead save money regularly and patiently to buy a house. The delayed gratification is the goal and satisfaction he would achieve from owning a dream home, rather than the instant delight of impulsive shopping. Delayed gratification has to do with one’s natural ability and environment and what one is taught. Learning to delay the impulse for immediate pleasure in favor of long-term satisfaction is a skill required for progressive and long-term growth. We can start by making small changes every day and staying consistent with those changes. Over time, these habits can accumulate and lead to big changes and results. Consistent reminders of why we want to reach our goals can also help. If we were all masters at delayed gratification, our environment would not be filled with “quick” solutions to everything under the sun. Our culture demands that successful humans rise above the constant distraction to self-motivate and delay personal gratification in favor of distant goals. However, a balance between our thirst for instant rewards and our desire to create longevity in our career, relationships, and health is difficult to achieve. Our entire lives require that we weigh the choices of “okay right now” vs. “bigger better later”. It takes a joint effort to override the environment to create our successful personal worlds. 45. What is delayed gratification? _______________________________________________________________________________ 46. What is the difference between delayed gratification and instant gratification? _______________________________________________________________________________ 47. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Delayed gratification is merely related to one’s environment, and it can contribute to one’s long-term development. _______________________________________________________________________________ 48. Please use an example to show how you would practice delayed gratification in your daily life. (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】45. Delayed gratification refers to the ability to wait for a long-term reward. 46. Delayed gratification requires self-discipline and the ability to manage impulses, while instant gratification often involves giving in to immediate desires. 47. Delayed gratification is merely related to one’s environment, and it can contribute to one’s long- term development. According to the passage, delayed gratification has to do with one’s natural ability and environment and what one is taught. 48. I have been longing for a new gaming console. Instead of buying it immediately, I save a fixed amount weekly to get it in a few months. 【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要讲述了在充满诱惑和即时满足的世界中，延迟满足的概念、与即时满足的区别，以及延迟满足与个人能力、环境的关系，并强调了在生活中平衡即时奖励与长远目标的重要性。 45. 考查细节理解。根据第一段“In a culture surrounded by messages saying that we can lose the discomfort right now, delayed gratification, which refers to the ability to wait for a long-term reward, is less attractive. (在这样一种文化氛围中，周围充斥着各种声称我们当下就能消除不适感的信息，而延迟满足 —— 即指等待长期回报的能力 —— 就没那么有吸引力了。)” 可知,延迟满足是指等待长期回报的能力。故填 Delayed gratification refers to the ability to wait for a long-term reward. 46. 考查细节理解。根据第二段“The former requires self-discipline and the ability to manage impulses, while the latter often involves giving in to immediate desires. (前者需要自律和控制冲动的能力，而后者往往涉及屈服于即时欲望。)” 可知,Delayed gratification requires self-discipline and the ability to manage impulses, while instant gratification often involves giving in to immediate desires。故填 Delayed gratification requires self-discipline and the ability to manage impulses, while instant gratification often involves giving in to immediate desires. 47. 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Delayed gratification has to do with one’s natural ability and environment and what one is taught. (延迟满足与一个人的天赋能力、环境以及所受的教育有关。)” 可知，说延迟满足仅仅与环境有关是错误的。延迟满足与一个人的天赋能力、所处环境以及所接受的教育有关。故答案为Delayed gratification is merely related to one’s environment, and it can contribute to one’s long- term development. According to the passage, delayed gratification has to do with one’s natural ability and environment and what one is taught. 48. 开放性试题。我一直渴望一台新的游戏机。我没有立刻购买，而是每周存固定数额的钱，以便几个月后买到它。通过延迟立刻拥有游戏机的满足感，为了几个月后实现目标，体现延迟满足。故答案为I have been longing for a new gaming console. Instead of buying it immediately, I save a fixed amount weekly to get it in a few months. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·北京海淀·期末） Many people feel pressured to “find” their purpose — a single revelation that brings deep fulfillment. The reality is that purpose is not something to find; it’s something we create. And to do this, we need to recognize the “purpose anchors” that already exist around us. A purpose anchor can be thought of as a source of stability and grounding that helps you stay connected to your core values and life’s mission. So, how do we identify them? To reconnect with your purpose, it can be helpful to think back to what excited you as a child. What activities or hobbies made you lose track of time? What were you drawn to instinctively, before you learned to doubt or suppress those desires? Revisiting the things that brought you joy as a child can reveal the raw, untainted (纯净的) passions that still hold potential. Rediscovering these early passions can light up a meaningful path forward. Sometimes, our purpose becomes clouded by the overwhelming number of tasks and responsibilities. Over time, we may find ourselves buried under a mountain of obligations, many of which drain our energy and prevent us from engaging with what truly matters. A great way to identify purpose anchors is by practicing the art of subtraction. Make a list of all your work-related roles and responsibilities. Which ones drain your energy? Remove or reduce them, so you can focus on what remains — something that gives you energy and a sense of meaning. If neither of the above methods seem to yield results, consider trying the “spaghetti method”. This approach is all about experimentation. Throw a bunch of “spaghetti” against the wall and see what sticks. Say yes to people or opportunities you might typically avoid. Try activities that make you slightly uncomfortable or curious. Push yourself outside your usual routines to discover new experiences that might light you up. Allow yourself to be guided by curiosity rather than certainty. If you try something and it excites you, that could very well be a purpose anchor in the making. Building a life of purpose isn’t about waiting for the perfect revelation to come. It’s about creating your life step by step. 38. What is a purpose anchor according to the passage? ________________________________________________________________ 39. How do joys of childhood help identify your life purpose? ________________________________________________________________ 40. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. One practical way to identify a purpose anchor is to shoulder more responsibilities. ________________________________________________________________ 41. Besides the methods in the passage, what is your way to find a purpose anchor? Please explain. (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】38. A purpose anchor is a source of stability and grounding that helps you stay connected to your core values and life’s mission. 39. Revisiting the things that brought you joy as a child can reveal the raw, untainted passions that still hold potential. Rediscovering these early passions can light up a meaningful path forward. 或 Revisiting childhood joys can reveal raw, untainted passions with potential, and rediscovering them can light up a meaningful path for life purpose. 40. One practical way to identify a purpose anchor is to shoulder more responsibilities. “shoulder more responsibilities” is false. According to the passage, a practical way is to remove or reduce responsibilities that drain your energy. 41. I would reflect on my strengths and skills to find a purpose anchor. For instance, if I excel in writing and communication, I might explore careers or hobbies related to writing or public speaking, finding purpose in areas where I can utilize my talents effectively. (答案不唯一，合理即可) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“人生目标”展开讨论，指出目标并非找到的，而是创造的，并介绍了识别“目标锚点”的几种方法，如回顾童年乐趣、减法法则、“意大利面法”等。 38. 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“A purpose anchor can be thought of as a source of stability and grounding that helps you stay connected to your core values and life’s mission. (目标锚点可以被看作是一种稳定和基础的来源，帮助你与自己的核心价值观和人生使命保持联系。)”可知，目标锚点是一种稳定和基础的来源，帮助你与自己的核心价值观和人生使命保持联系。故答案为：A purpose anchor is a source of stability and grounding that helps you stay connected to your core values and life’s mission. 39. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Revisiting the things that brought you joy as a child can reveal the raw, untainted passions that still hold potential. Rediscovering these early passions can light up a meaningful path forward. (重新回顾那些小时候给你带来快乐的事情，可以发现那些仍然具有潜力的原始而纯净的激情。重新发现这些早期的激情可以照亮一条有意义的前进道路。)”可知，童年的乐趣能揭示那些原始、纯净且仍有潜力的热情，重新发现这些早期热情可为人生目标指明有意义的方向。故答案为：Revisiting the things that brought you joy as a child can reveal the raw, untainted passions that still hold potential. Rediscovering these early passions can light up a meaningful path forward./Revisiting childhood joys can reveal raw, untainted passions with potential, and rediscovering them can light up a meaningful path for life purpose. 40. 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“A great way to identify purpose anchors is by practicing the art of subtraction. Make a list of all your work-related roles and responsibilities. Which ones drain your energy? Remove or reduce them, so you can focus on what remains — something that gives you energy and a sense of meaning. (识别目标锚点的一个好方法是练习减法艺术。列出你所有与工作相关的角色和责任。哪些消耗了你的精力？去掉或减少它们，这样你就可以专注于剩下的东西——那些能给你能量和意义感的东西。)”可知，识别目标锚点的一个好方法是去掉或减少消耗精力的责任，而不是承担更多的责任，所以“One practical way to identify a purpose anchor is to shoulder more responsibilities.”中“shoulder more responsibilities”表述错误。故答案为：One practical way to identify a purpose anchor is to shoulder more responsibilities. “shoulder more responsibilities” is false. According to the passage, a practical way is to remove or reduce responsibilities that drain your energy. 41. 考查开放性问题。我认为可以通过反思自己的优势和技能来找到目标锚点。例如，如果擅长写作和沟通，那么可以探索与写作或沟通相关的职业或爱好，如成为作家、编辑或参与公共演讲等。这样，可以找到既能发挥自己优势又能带来满足感的目标锚点；或，我会通过记录日常中让自己感到满足和有成就感的瞬间来寻找目标锚点，这些瞬间往往能反映出内心真正重视的东西。故答案为：I would reflect on my strengths and skills to find a purpose anchor. For instance, if I excel in writing and communication, I might explore careers or hobbies related to writing or public speaking, finding purpose in areas where I can utilize my talents effectively. 或 I’d record moments of satisfaction and accomplishment daily. These moments often reflect what I truly value, helping find purpose anchors. (答案不唯一，合理即可) Passage 4 （24-25高二下·北京朝阳·期末） Every year, as birds make their journeys hundreds — sometimes thousands — of miles across whole continents, they attract the attention of bird-watchers. People gather along wetlands and shorelines, cold hands holding their telescopes and excitement growing in their stomachs. For outsiders of bird-watching, a bird-watcher is usually someone from an older generation, such as an old grandma sitting at her feeder looking at different birds. However, according to the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated recreation, there were 4.7 million young bird-watchers in 2016 and 10. 8 million in 2022. Why exactly has this rapid growth happened? Technology may be the real gateway these days. Families might introduce young people to bird-watching, but apps and social media networks are helping them keep up their commitment to the hobby. Once interested, teenagers find the benefits of bird-watching are truly noticeable: it helps them get access to the traditional recreation and broadens their understanding of ecosystems. Teenage bird-watchers are finding their own digital way into a very traditional and meaningful activity. Sadie Cosby, a 17-year-old senior in Richmond, recognizes the appeal of online bird-watching platforms. She’s even part of a unique online chat group that sends messages when there is a rare bird in the area. Although Cosby says she prefers to bird-watch alone and uses it as a way to disconnect, she also enjoys being connected to other bird-watchers online. “I think because we’re kind of the smartphone generation, it’s easier for us to relate to bird-watching through all of the platforms,” says Cosby. Cosby is just a member of a much larger and closely networked community of young bird-watchers. And though they share much in common with older generations of bird-watchers when it comes to their passion for and enjoyment of the hobby, they also have a distinct advantage over the elders: being better at using digital tools to improve their bird-watching experience. 50. For outsiders of bird-watching, what kind of person is usually a bird-watcher? _____________________________________________________________ 51. What are the benefits of bird-watching for teenagers? _____________________________________________________________ 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢Young bird-watchers share much in common with the elders in terms of their passion for and enjoyment of the hobby, but the elders hold a clear advantage over the young. _____________________________________________________________ 53. Besides bird-watching what other hobby would you like to develop in Cosby’s way? And how can you develop it? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】50. A bird-watcher is usually someone from an older generation. 51. It helps them get access to the traditional recreation and broadens their understanding of ecosystems. 52. Young bird-watchers share much in common with the elders in terms of their passion for and enjoyment of the hobby, but the elders hold a clear advantage over the young. Because they have a distinct advantage over the elders: being better at using digital tools to improve their bird-watching experience. 53. I would like to develop the hobby of photography in Cosby’s way. I can join online photography communities, share my works and techniques with others, and use digital tools like image editing software to enhance my photography skills. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了观鸟活动在年轻人中兴起及其原因和影响。 50. 考查细节理解。由文章第二段中“For outsiders of bird-watching, a bird-watcher is usually someone from an older generation, such as an old grandma sitting at her feeder looking at different birds. (对于不观鸟的人来说，观鸟者通常是老一辈的人，比如坐在喂食器前看不同鸟类的老奶奶。)”可知，对于不观鸟的人来说，观鸟者通常是老一辈的人。故答案为：A bird-watcher is usually someone from an older generation. 51. 考查细节理解。由文章第三段中“Once interested, teenagers find the benefits of bird-watching are truly noticeable: it helps them get access to the traditional recreation and broadens their understanding of ecosystems. (一旦感兴趣，青少年就会发现观鸟的好处确实很明显：它帮助他们接触到传统娱乐活动，并拓宽他们对生态系统的理解。)”可知，观鸟对青少年的好处是帮助他们接触到传统娱乐活动，并拓宽他们对生态系统的理解。故答案为：It helps them get access to the traditional recreation and broadens their understanding of ecosystems. 52. 考查细节理解。由文章最后一段中“And though they share much in common with older generations of bird-watchers when it comes to their passion for and enjoyment of the hobby, they also have a distinct advantage over the elders: being better at using digital tools to improve their bird-watching experience. (尽管在他们对这项爱好的热情和享受方面，他们与老一辈的观鸟者有很多共同之处，但他们也有一个明显的优势：更善于使用数字工具来改善他们的观鸟体验。)”可知，年轻观鸟者比老一辈的观鸟者更善于使用数字工具来改善他们的观鸟体验，而不是“the elders hold a clear advantage over the young (老一辈的观鸟者比年轻的观鸟者有明显的优势)”。故答案为：Young bird-watchers share much in common with the elders in terms of their passion for and enjoyment of the hobby, but the elders hold a clear advantage over the young. Because they have a distinct advantage over the elders: being better at using digital tools to improve their bird-watching experience. 53. 开放性题目，此题要求回答：除了观鸟，你还想在考斯比的道路上发展什么爱好？你如何开发它？答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：我想以科斯比的方式培养摄影这一爱好。我可以加入在线摄影社群，和其他人分享我的作品与拍摄技巧，还能利用图像编辑软件等数字工具来提升我的摄影水平。故答案为：I would like to develop the hobby of photography in Cosby’s way. I can join online photography communities, share my works and techniques with others, and use digital tools like image editing software to enhance my photography skills. Passage 5 （24-25高二下·北京丰台·期末） In a time when the term “attention economy” is as common as the phones and computers that keep us looking at screens, every scroll, click, like, and share is not just a simple action. It’s a trade using the world’s most valuable “money”: our attention. This system views our focus as a limited resource that companies try to get and make money from. It has changed deeply how we interact with others, meaning we need to look closer at it—not just see it as a popular phrase. Consider this: every moment of your day, from the minute you wake up to the second you fall asleep, is a series of decisions about where to assign your attention. When we direct our focus towards one activity, we inherently dismiss countless others. These daily choices define our lives, shaping our relationships, knowledge, health, and happiness. The attention economy is a double-edged sword. On one side, it offers a tailored world where our preferences and interests guide the content and opportunities presented to us. On the other, it poses significant challenges that threaten to weaken the quality of our attention, our relationships, and our understanding of the world. As we move forward, the task at hand is not just to handle the attention economy but to reshape it in a way that respects and enriches our most precious resource: our attention. To overcome the challenges, I can ask my family what caught their attention on social media today, sparking a conversation that bridges our digital divide. By paying attention to what we pay attention to, we not only enrich our own lives but also strengthen the bonds that connect us to one another. 40. What do our daily choices do to our lives? __________________________________________________________________________ 41. How can the author overcome the challenges that the attention economy poses? __________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶Moving ahead, our primary challenge is not merely to handle the attention economy but to reshape it in a way that saves our most precious resource: our attention. __________________________________________________________________________ 43. How do your daily attention choices shape your life? __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. They define our lives, shaping our relationships, knowledge, health, and happiness. 41. By asking his family what caught their attention on social media and sparking conversations. 42. 错误部分：saves our most precious resource理由：原文为“respects and enriches our most precious resource”，强调尊重与丰富而非拯救。 43. My daily attention choices determine what I engage with, which in turn affects my learning, social interactions and overall well-being. For example, focusing on reading enriches my knowledge. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“注意力经济”中，滑动、点击等操作都是注意力的交易，企业借此盈利，深刻改变人际互动。 40. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“These daily choices define our lives. shaping our relationships, knowledge, health, and happiness.(这些日常的选择决定了我们的生活，塑造我们的关系，知识，健康，幸福。)”可知，我们的日常选择定义了我们的生活，塑造了我们的人际关系、知识、健康和幸福。故答案是：They define our lives, shaping our relationships, knowledge, health, and happiness. 41. 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“To overcome the challenges, I can ask my family what caught their attention on social media today, sparking a conversation that bridges our digital divide.( 为了克服这些挑战，我可以问问我的家人，今天在社交媒体上什么引起了他们的注意，引发了一场对话，弥合了我们的数字鸿沟。)”可知，作者通过询问他的家人，什么在社交媒体上引起了他们的注意，并引发了对话来克服注意力经济带来的挑战。故答案是：By asking his family what caught their attention on social media and sparking conversations. 42. 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中“As we move forward, the task at hand is not just to handle the attention economy but to reshape it in a way that respects and enriches our most precious resource: our attention.( 随着我们的发展，眼前的任务不仅是处理好注意力经济，还要重塑它，以尊重和丰富我们最宝贵的资源：我们的注意力。)”可知，我们的主要挑战不仅是应对注意力经济，还要重塑它，以尊重和丰富我们最宝贵的资源：我们的注意力。所以原文错误部分：saves our most precious resource。理由：原文为“respects and enriches our most precious resource”，强调尊重与丰富而非拯救。故答案是：错误部分：saves our most precious resource理由：原文为“respects and enriches our most precious resource”，强调尊重与丰富而非拯救。 43. 考查主观评价。根据文章大意以及题干中的问题“你每天的注意力选择是如何塑造你的生活的？”可知，我每天的注意力选择决定了我参与的内容，这反过来又影响了我的学习、社会交往和整体幸福感。例如，专注于阅读丰富了我的知识。故答案是：My daily attention choices determine what I engage with, which in turn affects my learning, social interactions and overall well-being. For example, focusing on reading enriches my knowledge. Passage 6 （24-25高二下·北京石景山·期末） Lucy always had trouble waking up early in the morning. She would hit the snooze button (贪睡按钮) multiple times and often rush to school in a panic. As a result, she was often late to class, and struggled to focus during lessons. Her grades began to slip, and her teachers sometimes reminded her to pay more attention. Lucy knew something had to change. She started by setting a goal: waking up at 6:30 a. m. every day. She placed her alarm clock across the room so that she had to get out of bed to turn it off. She also planned her mornings carefully, including a short workout, a healthy breakfast, and a few minutes to review her schedule. At first, it was hard. She felt tired in the morning and wanted to sleep longer. But she kept reminding herself of the benefits: more energy, better focus, and less stress. After a few weeks, waking up early became easier. She started feeling more refreshed and had enough time to prepare for school calmly. Her new routine also helped her in other ways. Her academic performance began to improve and her test scores started to rise. And Lucy even began developing new interests, such as reading novels and painting, which made her feel more balanced and inspired. Now, Lucy enjoys her mornings and feels proud of her progress. She has learned that with patience, consistency, and effort, good habits can replace bad ones and lead to lasting improvement. 40. What problem did Lucy have in the morning? _________________________________________________________________ 41. What happened to Lucy’s test scores with her new routine? _________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Lucy began developing new interests, such as reading novels and painting because she felt tired of her academic performance. _________________________________________________________________ 43. What can you learn from Lucy? (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Lucy had trouble waking up early. 41. Her test scores went up. 42. because she felt tired of her academic performance.或：she felt tired of 理由：Because Lucy developed new interests after improving her routine and feeling more organized. 类似答案都可以接受。 43. Possible versions: From Lucy, I learned that small changes in daily habits can lead to big improvements. With patience and effort, we can overcome bad habits, become more organized, and achieve better results in both school and personal life. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了露西早上起床困难，导致上学迟到、学习成绩下滑等问题。为改变现状，她设定目标，精心规划早晨，起初困难重重，但坚持数周后早起变得轻松，不仅学习成绩提高，还培养了新兴趣。她领悟到通过耐心、坚持和努力，好习惯可取代坏习惯，带来持久进步。 40. 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Lucy always had trouble waking up early in the morning.(露西总是早上很难早起)” 可知,露西早上的问题是早起困难。故填 Lucy had trouble waking up early. 41. 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Her academic performance began to improve and her test scores started to rise.(她的学习成绩开始提高，考试分数也开始上升)” 可知，随着新的日常安排，露西的考试分数上升了。故填 Her test scores went up. 42. 考查细节理解。根据第三段“She started feeling more refreshed and had enough time to prepare for school calmly. Her new routine also helped her in other ways. Her academic performance began to improve and her test scores started to rise. And Lucy even began developing new interests, such as reading novels and painting, which made her feel more balanced and inspired.(她开始感觉精神更饱满，并有足够的时间从容地为上学做准备。她的新日常安排在其他方面也对她有所帮助。她的学习成绩开始提高，考试分数也开始上升。露西甚至开始培养新的兴趣，比如读小说和画画，这让她感觉更加平衡和充满灵感)” 可知，露西培养新兴趣并非因为厌倦学习成绩，而是在改善日常安排、感觉更有条理之后。所以错误部分为 “because she felt tired of her academic performance.” 或 “she felt tired of”。理由为：Because Lucy developed new interests after improving her routine and feeling more organized. 43. 考查开放性试题。从露西的经历可知，她通过改变日常习惯，如设定早起目标、规划早晨等，实现了从早起困难到学习成绩提高并培养新兴趣的转变。由此可推知，我们能从中学到日常习惯的小改变能带来大提升，凭借耐心和努力可克服坏习惯，让生活更有条理，在学习和个人生活中取得更好结果。故填From Lucy, I learned that small changes in daily habits can lead to big improvements. With patience and effort, we can overcome bad habits, become more organized, and achieve better results in both school and personal life. Passage 7 （24-25高二下·北京顺义·期末） A recent study by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) presents significant impacts of short video overuse. Over 20% of Chinese teenagers and 30% of college students say long-time watching of short videos has affected their sleep and academic performance, while 40% of working adults report that short video use passively impacts their sleep quality and energy levels at work. The research, surveying 130,000 participants, found students aged 10-18 average over 90 minutes daily on short videos, college students average nearly 3 hours, and working adults average about 140 minutes. Heavy usage is also linked to an increased likelihood of anxiety and depression, according to the study. When daily viewing reaches more than four hours, about 42 percent of teenagers, 29 percent of college students, and 34 percent of working adults reported experiencing different degrees of anxiety. “The risk of depression gradually increases with heightened short video consumption among teenagers,” the report said. “While less than an hour of daily use does not significantly raise the risk of depressive condition for college students and working adults, long-time usage does.” Guo Fei, an assistant professor at the institute and co-author of the research, said it is difficult to define a healthy range of short video use or assess addiction based simply on screen time. “Some people who appear to spend long hours on short videos might actually be watching educational content to improve their knowledge and skills,” she said. Based on the findings, Guo recommended that teenagers limit their short video usage to under 30 minutes a day. For adults, 30 minutes to an hour may offer some mental benefits, but usage should remain under an hour. 44. What does the recent study of CAS present? __________________________________________________________________________________ 45. According to the study, what is heavy use of short videos linked to? __________________________________________________________________________________ 46. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Watching short videos for 30 minutes to an hour may offer some mental benefits for teenagers. __________________________________________________________________________________ 47. Apart from limiting viewing time, what other suggestion(s) can you offer to reduce short video overuse?（In about 40 words） __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】44. (It presents/shows) significant impacts of short video overuse. 45. An increased likelihood of anxiety and depression. (sleep quality, academic performance, energy levels at work) 46. Watching short videos for 30 minutes to an hour may offer some mental benefits for teenagers. Watching short videos for 30 minutes to an hour may offer some mental benefits for adults. 47. To cut down on short videos, try outdoor activities like jogging or gardening — these not only refresh your mind but also improve fitness. Also, real-life chats with family and friends bring more joy than endless scrolling, while strengthening your relationships. (41words) 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章详细阐述了短视频过度使用对青少年、大学生及职场人士在睡眠、学业、工作表现以及心理健康方面的显著影响，并提出了相应的建议。 44. 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“A recent study by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) presents significant impacts of short video overuse. (中国科学院近期的一项研究揭示了短视频过度使用的显著影响)”可知，中国科学院的这项研究揭示了短视频过度使用的显著影响。故答案为(It presents/shows) significant impacts of short video overuse. 45. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Heavy usage is also linked to an increased likelihood of anxiety and depression, according to the study. (研究表明，过度使用短视频还与焦虑和抑郁的可能性增加有关)”以及第一段中“Over 20% of Chinese teenagers and 30% of college students say long-time watching of short videos has affected their sleep and academic performance, while 40% of working adults report that short video use passively impacts their sleep quality and energy levels at work. (超过20%的中国青少年和30%的大学生表示，长时间观看短视频影响了他们的睡眠和学业表现，而40%的职场人士表示，短视频使用对他们的睡眠质量和工作精力产生了负面影响)”可知，过度使用短视频与焦虑、抑郁的可能性增加以及睡眠质量、学业表现和工作精力的下降有关，故答案为An increased likelihood of anxiety and depression. (sleep quality, academic performance, energy levels at work)。 46. 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Based on the findings, Guo recommended that teenagers limit their short video usage to under 30 minutes a day. For adults, 30 minutes to an hour may offer some mental benefits, but usage should remain under an hour. (基于这些发现，郭建议青少年每天观看短视频的时间限制在30分钟以内。对于成年人来说，30分钟到1小时可能会带来一些心理上的好处，但使用时间应保持在1小时以内)”可知，观看短视频30分钟到1小时可能对成年人有一些心理上的好处，而不是对青少年，所以“Watching short videos for 30 minutes to an hour may offer some mental benefits for teenagers.”是错误的，故答案应改为Watching short videos for 30 minutes to an hour may offer some mental benefits for adults. 47. 考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段““Some people who appear to spend long hours on short videos might actually be watching educational content to improve their knowledge and skills,” she said. (“有些人看似花了很长时间在短视频上，实际上可能是在观看教育内容以提高自己的知识和技能，”她说)”以及常识可知，为了减少短视频的过度使用，除了限制观看时间外，还可以建议人们参与户外活动，如慢跑或园艺，这些活动不仅能让人头脑清醒，还能提高身体素质；同时，与家人和朋友进行现实生活中的聊天也能带来比无休止地刷短视频更多的乐趣，同时还能加强人际关系。故答案为To cut down on short videos, try outdoor activities like jogging or gardening — these not only refresh your mind but also improve fitness. Also, real-life chats with family and friends bring more joy than endless scrolling, while strengthening your relationships. (41words)。 Passage 8 （24-25高二下·北京大兴·期末） Random acts of kindness could happen anywhere at any time. It’s often unexpected, but almost never unappreciated. Most people, at one time or another, have been on the receiving end of a random act of kindness-that moment of pure altruism (利他主义) when a complete stranger stops to offer aid, generosity or compassion. In a world where people can be so focused on what they’re doing, a random act of kindness can make all the difference. They can be relatively insignificant. Hannah Bailey from London, for example, told the Metro newspaper about how she was given her fruit and vegetable shopping for free. The seller did her a kindness when it happened that she didn’t have any change to pay. She was happy about it all day. The city of Naples has long had a tradition called ‘caffe sospeso’. When buying coffee, a person who has recently been lucky would purchase two cups but only drink one, leaving the second one anonymously, out of the goodness of their heart, for a poor person to claim for free. This tradition is now more common worldwide. However, in some cases, these little acts can be a matter of life and death. Take, for example, the unnamed passenger, who in June 2018 fell off a station platform onto an electric railway track in Toronto, Canada. A quick-thinking, but even now unknown, bystander selflessly leapt down to pull him to safety. So, why do it? Often, the acts aren’t reciprocated (回报的). The people never meet again. According to UK charity The Mental Health Foundation, acts like these can “give our lives new purpose, show us other perspectives on our own problems and even make us feel euphoric-an extremely strong feeling of happiness and excitement.” So give it a try. Hold open a door for someone, deliver a compliment. 40. Why was Bailey given some fruit for free? _________________________________________________________________________________ 41. How does the tradition “caffe sospeso” work in Naples? _________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. A passenger, who fell off the station platform, was saved by a quick-thinking bystander and consequently they became good friends _________________________________________________________________________________ 43. What specific act could you do in your daily life to spread kindness? And explain why it matters. (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Because the seller did her a kindness when it happened that she didn't have any change to pay. 41. In Naples, when buying coffee, a person who has recently been lucky would purchase two cups but only drink one, leaving the second one anonymously for a poor person to claim for free. 42. A passenger, who fell off the station platform, was saved by a quick-thinking bystander and consequently they became good friends. According to the text, the quick-thinking bystander who saved the passenger’s life still now was unknown, so they didn’t become good friends. 43. One specific act I could do is to hold open a door for someone. It matters because it shows respect and consideration for others, which can also bring convenience, making them feel appreciated and valued. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了随机善行的重要性和影响。这些善行随时随地都可能发生，虽然可能微不足道，但却能给人带来深远的影响。 40. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Hannah Bailey from London, for example, told the Metro newspaper about how she was given her fruit and vegetable shopping for free. The seller did her a kindness when it happened that she didn’t have any change to pay. (例如，来自伦敦的Hannah Bailey向《地铁报》讲述了她是如何免费获得水果和蔬菜的购物经历的。当时她没有零钱付款，卖家好心帮她免了单。)”可知，Bailey没有零钱付账时，卖家出于好意免费送了她水果和蔬菜。故答案为Because the seller did her a kindness when it happened that she didn’t have any change to pay. 41. 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ When buying coffee, a person who has recently been lucky would purchase two cups but only drink one, leaving the second one anonymously, out of the goodness of their heart, for a poor person to claim for free. (买咖啡时，一个最近走运的人会买两杯但只喝一杯，出于善心，他会把另一杯匿名留下，让穷人可以免费领取。)”可知，在Naples，“caffe sospeso”的传统是这样的：买咖啡时，一个最近很幸运的人会买两杯但只喝一杯，把另一杯匿名留给穷人免费领取。故答案为In Naples, when buying coffee, a person who has recently been lucky would purchase two cups but only drink one, leaving the second one anonymously for a poor person to claim for free. 42. 考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Take, for example, the unnamed passenger, who in June 2018 fell off a station platform onto an electric railway track in Toronto, Canada. A quick-thinking, but even now unknown, bystander selflessly leapt down to pull him to safety. (以 2018 年 6 月在加拿大多伦多的一名未透露姓名的乘客为例，他从站台跌落至电气化铁轨上。一位反应迅速但至今身份不明的旁观者毫不犹豫地跳下去，将他拉到了安全地带。)”可知，这位反应迅速的旁观者无私地跳下铁轨把乘客救到安全地带，至今身份不明，即表示他们再也没有见过面，所以他们并没有成为好朋友。故题干中的错误部分是“consequently they became good friends”。故答案为A passenger, who fell off the station platform, was saved by a quick-thinking bystander and consequently they became good friends. According to the text, the quick-thinking bystander who saved the passenger’s life still now was unknown, so they didn’t become good friends. 43. 开放性试题。本题为开放性试题，结合个人生活经验，回答合理即可。本人认为，在日常生活中，我可以为别人做的具体善举之一是为别人开门。这很重要，在带来便利的同时，它也表现出对别人的尊重和体贴，让他们感受到被重视和珍惜。故答案为One specific act I could do is to hold open a door for someone. It matters because it shows respect and consideration for others, which can also bring convenience, making them feel appreciated and valued. Passage 9 （24-25高二下·北京房山·期末） Scientists visiting tiny Henderson Island in the South Pacific recently made an alarming discovery. Although it is one of the most remote places on the earth and previously untouched by humans, the island was covered in 38 million pieces of plastic. “No country has a free pass — we found plastic from everywhere,” said one scientist. Plastic waste in the sea has long been known about, but only now are we discovering the true extent of the problem. Plastic takes hundreds of years to decompose, so all the plastic ever produced still exists somewhere. Around 95% of plastics made are not recycled, and large amounts enter the sea. Currents collect this waste in large circular systems called “gyres”. One of the largest is in the Pacific Ocean, an area now known as the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch”. The problem gets worse as plastic breaks down into very small pieces, or “micro plastic”. This is eaten by fish and leads to massive species loss. Humans also eat these fish, and micro plastic has even been found in tap water around the world. The problem has spread too far to ignore. The plastic on Henderson Island accounts for just 2 seconds’ worth of global annual plastic production. That production will more than triple by 2050. Then there will be the same weight of plastic in the sea as fish. However, there are some young minds working to clean up and protect the sea for future generations. While diving in Greece, young Boyan Slat noticed there was more plastic waste than fish. He decided right then to dedicate his life to solving this problem. Previously the problem was considered too big to solve; collecting the plastic with boats and nets would be expensive, would harm sea life, and would take thousands of years! But, Boyan thought, why move through the sea when the sea can move through you? To work with the currents and gyres would help collect the waste. So he started The Ocean Cleanup project, which places very long floating barriers in the Pacific. Currents then concentrate the waste naturally so it can be collected and recycled. “Many problems today are side effects of things people didn’t think about in the past,” he says. “Sea plastic is a symbol of the negative effects of our lifestyle and technology. Our aim should be to create a new lifestyle for this century. Protecting the sea from plastic is a good place to start!” 40. What alarming discovery did the scientists make during their visit to tiny Henderson Island? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why does “micro plastic” make things even worse? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The Ocean Cleanup project places long floating barriers in the Pacific, and then currents naturally concentrate the waste, so it can be completely removed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. What can we do to reduce plastic waste in our daily lives? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. The island was covered in 38 million pieces of plastic. 41. Because it is eaten by fish, leading to massive species loss, and humans also eat these fish, with micro plastic even found in tap water worldwide. 42. The Ocean Cleanup project places long floating barriers in the Pacific, and then currents naturally concentrate the waste, so it can be completely removed. The passage only says the project allows the waste to be collected and recycled, not that it can be completely removed. 43. To reduce plastic waste in our daily lives, we can start by minimizing the use of single-use plastics. Additionally, supporting and purchasing products made from eco-friendly materials can make a significant difference. Participating in beach cleanups and recycling programs also helps. 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了科学家在偏远的亨德森岛发现了大量塑料垃圾，揭示了海洋塑料污染的严重性，并介绍了一些年轻人正在努力清理和保护海洋，同时呼吁人们减少塑料使用，保护海洋环境。 40. 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Scientists visiting tiny Henderson Island in the South Pacific recently made an alarming discovery. Although it is one of the most remote places on the earth and previously untouched by humans, the island was covered in 38 million pieces of plastic. (最近，科学家在访问南太平洋的亨德森小岛时，有了一个惊人的发现。尽管它是地球上最偏远的地方之一，以前从未被人类涉足，但这个岛上却覆盖着3800万块塑料)”可知，科学家在访问亨德森岛时，发现岛上覆盖着3800万块塑料，故答案为The island was covered in 38 million pieces of plastic. 41. 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“The problem gets worse as plastic breaks down into very small pieces, or “micro plastic”. This is eaten by fish and leads to massive species loss. Humans also eat these fish, and micro plastic has even been found in tap water around the world. (随着塑料分解成非常小的碎片，即‘微塑料’，问题变得更加严重。这些微塑料被鱼吃掉，导致大量物种灭绝。人类也吃这些鱼，甚至在世界各地的自来水中也发现了微塑料)”可知，微塑料被鱼吃掉，导致大量物种灭绝，人类也吃这些鱼，甚至在世界各地的自来水中也发现了微塑料，所以微塑料使问题变得更糟。故答案为Because it is eaten by fish, leading to massive species loss, and humans also eat these fish, with micro plastic even found in tap water worldwide. 42. 考查细节理解。根据第四段中“So he started The Ocean Cleanup project, which places very long floating barriers in the Pacific. Currents then concentrate the waste naturally so it can be collected and recycled. (于是，他启动了‘海洋清理’项目，在太平洋上放置了非常长的漂浮屏障。然后，洋流自然地将废物集中起来，这样就可以收集和回收了)”可知，在“海洋清理”项目中，太平洋上放置了非常长的漂浮屏障，然后洋流自然地将废物集中起来，这样就可以收集和回收了，但并不能完全清除，因此“it can be completely removed”错误。故答案为The Ocean Cleanup project places long floating barriers in the Pacific, and then currents naturally concentrate the waste, so it can be completely removed. The passage only says the project allows the waste to be collected and recycled, not that it can be completely removed. 43. 考查开放性试题。言之有理即可，注意词数限制。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了海洋塑料污染的问题，为了减少日常生活中的塑料垃圾，我们可以先从减少一次性塑料制品的使用做起。此外，支持并购买采用环保材料制成的产品也能产生显著效果。参与海滩清理活动和回收项目同样有所帮助。故答案为To reduce plastic waste in our daily lives, we can start by minimizing the use of single-use plastics. Additionally, supporting and purchasing products made from eco-friendly materials can make a significant difference. Participating in beach cleanups and recycling programs also helps. Passage 10 （24-25高二下·北京通州·期末） Do you ever find yourself looking back on earlier times, remembering happy moments from the past? Nostalgia is the feeling associated with remembering happiness in the past, which is often described as bittersweet. It is bitter because you long for things that are no more but sweet as you enjoy remembering your past happiness. In today’s culture, expressions of nostalgia are becoming common. People share old social media posts remembering the good old days, buy products made years ago from secondhand stores and enjoy media that reminds them of their childhoods. Noticing these trends, companies are offering products similar to those of earlier decades, like classic video games adjusted for new consoles and new games imitating early video games. Social media platforms offer filters that can make pictures look like old photographs. Some restaurants feature some dishes from the 1970s. The popularity of these products shows that those people want to experience nostalgia. This desire for nostalgia makes a lot of sense because this feeling has psychological benefits. It can improve a person’s mood and self-esteem, sometimes helping people handle difficult transitions in life. It can also help people connect with others as they share memories. But nostalgia can also lead to emotional problems. Focusing on the past can make people less satisfied with the present and make it harder to find motivation to improve their current situation. Nostalgia can also lead people to view earlier stages of life with rose-colored glasses. They may forget about or ignore past hardships, thinking only about the positive side of things. How can you find a balance, remembering the past without letting it interfere (干扰) with the present? Try to recognize and be grateful for the positives in your current situation. While remembering the past, reflect on lessons you’ve learned and ways you’ve grown over the years. Share these memories with others to deepen relationships by learning more about each other or bonding over shared experiences. 40. According to this passage, what is nostalgia? ______________________________________________________________ 41. How do people express nostalgia in today’s culture? ______________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Nostalgia has beneficial effects on people coping with difficult transitions without any negative consequences on their present life. ______________________________________________________________ 43. What benefit(s) have you got from your nostalgia experience? (In about 40 words) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Nostalgia is the feeling associated with remembering happiness in the past, which is often described as bittersweet. 41. People share old social media posts, buy second hand old products and enjoy media reminding them of childhoods. 42. Nostalgia has beneficial effects on people coping with difficult transitions without any negative consequences on their present life. Because the passage mentions that nostalgia can lead to emotional problems and make people less satisfied with the present. 43. When I’m nostalgic, I recall the days studying with friends. It warms my heart and gives me motivation to keep going. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了怀旧的定义、当今文化中人们表达怀旧的方式，阐述了怀旧的利弊，并给出平衡过去与现在的建议。 40. 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Nostalgia is the feeling associated with remembering happiness in the past, which is often described as bittersweet. (怀旧是一种与回忆过去的幸福相关的感觉，通常被描述为苦乐参半)”可知，怀旧是与回忆过去的幸福相关的感觉，且常被描述为苦乐参半。故答案为：Nostalgia is the feeling associated with remembering happiness in the past, which is often described as bittersweet. 41. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“People share old social media posts remembering the good old days, buy products made years ago from secondhand stores and enjoy media that reminds them of their childhoods. (人们分享社交媒体上的旧帖子，回忆过去的美好时光，从二手商店购买多年前生产的产品，欣赏那些让他们想起童年的媒体内容)”可知，在当今文化中，人们通过分享旧社交媒体帖子、购买二手老产品、欣赏唤起童年回忆的媒体内容来表达怀旧。故答案为：People share old social media posts, buy second hand old products and enjoy media reminding them of childhoods. 42. 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“But nostalgia can also lead to emotional problems. Focusing on the past can make people less satisfied with the present and make it harder to find motivation to improve their current situation. (但怀旧也会导致情绪问题。专注于过去会让人们对现在生活不太满意，也更难找到改善现状的动力)”可知，怀旧会导致情绪问题，会让人们对现在的生活不太满意，所以句中“without any negative consequences on their present life”是表述错误，因为怀旧会对人们的现状产生负面影响。故答案为：Nostalgia has beneficial effects on people coping with difficult transitions without any negative consequences on their present life. Because the passage mentions that nostalgia can lead to emotional problems and make people less satisfied with the present. 43. 开放性问题。答案不唯一，合理即可。怀旧有很多好处，比如，怀旧时，我会回忆起过去和朋友一起奋斗的时光，从中获得了友情的温暖和继续前进的动力。故答案为：When I’m nostalgic, I recall the days studying with friends. It warms my heart and gives me motivation to keep going. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读与表达 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·北京东城·期末） We live in a world where modern technology feeds into our urge for instant rewards. With just a click, we can watch videos, order food, or buy things online. This ease of accessing pleasures strengthens the temptation (诱惑) to give in to instant gratification rather than work towards long-term goals. Instant gratification is the desire to experience pleasure or satisfaction without any delay. It dates back to the initial stages of humanity, when our ancestors lived in uncertain times with an unpredictable future. The unpredictable future made delaying gratification risky. This concept has become increasingly relevant in today’s world, providing us with a sense of satisfaction and achievement when we experience immediate rewards for our actions or decisions. When we move toward our goals, sometimes things get tough. Under such circumstances, using instant gratification wisely can help us stay on track with our long-term objectives by providing short-term rewards along the way. However, consistently giving in to the temptation of quick rewards can rewire our brains, affecting our capacity for patience and self-control and overshadowing the importance of long-term planning in every aspect of our lives. The immediate rewards offered by social media in the form of likes, shares, and comments can lead to addictive behaviours. Additionally, this trend can cause a lack of attention focus among users of all ages. The urge for immediate satisfaction brought by consuming junk food can lead to choosing low-quality and unhealthy foods over nutritional options, resulting in negative impacts on our bodies. The desire to avoid physical activities and choose immediate comfort outweighs the potential positive outcomes of improved fitness and well-being, leading us to skip exercise. The need for speedy outcomes can reduce our ability to wait for more rewarding achievements. Therefore, understanding how instant gratification affects us is an essential part of maintaining balance in life. Learning how to recognize when immediate rewards are helpful rather than holding back progress is key to having healthy relationships with ourselves and others around us. 40. What does instant gratification refer to? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. How can instant gratification help us if it is used properly? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. We sometimes choose low-quality and unhealthy foods because we don’t care about their negative impacts on our bodies. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. How will you avoid the negative impacts of instant gratification? (About 40 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 （24-25高二下·北京西城·期末） We live in a world filled with distractions. Everywhere we look, we can find instant pleasures available for next-day delivery right to our homes. In a culture surrounded by messages saying that we can lose the discomfort right now, delayed gratification, which refers to the ability to wait for a long-term reward, is less attractive. But research shows it makes all the difference in achieving a more important and satisfying goal. Delayed gratification and instant gratification involve the timing and approach to achieving satisfaction or rewards. The former requires self-discipline and the ability to manage impulses, while the latter often involves giving in to immediate desires. An example of this could be when a young man chooses to resist the urge to splurge (挥霍) on luxury items and instead save money regularly and patiently to buy a house. The delayed gratification is the goal and satisfaction he would achieve from owning a dream home, rather than the instant delight of impulsive shopping. Delayed gratification has to do with one’s natural ability and environment and what one is taught. Learning to delay the impulse for immediate pleasure in favor of long-term satisfaction is a skill required for progressive and long-term growth. We can start by making small changes every day and staying consistent with those changes. Over time, these habits can accumulate and lead to big changes and results. Consistent reminders of why we want to reach our goals can also help. If we were all masters at delayed gratification, our environment would not be filled with “quick” solutions to everything under the sun. Our culture demands that successful humans rise above the constant distraction to self-motivate and delay personal gratification in favor of distant goals. However, a balance between our thirst for instant rewards and our desire to create longevity in our career, relationships, and health is difficult to achieve. Our entire lives require that we weigh the choices of “okay right now” vs. “bigger better later”. It takes a joint effort to override the environment to create our successful personal worlds. 45. What is delayed gratification? _______________________________________________________________________________ 46. What is the difference between delayed gratification and instant gratification? _______________________________________________________________________________ 47. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Delayed gratification is merely related to one’s environment, and it can contribute to one’s long-term development. _______________________________________________________________________________ 48. Please use an example to show how you would practice delayed gratification in your daily life. (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 （24-25高二下·北京海淀·期末） Many people feel pressured to “find” their purpose — a single revelation that brings deep fulfillment. The reality is that purpose is not something to find; it’s something we create. And to do this, we need to recognize the “purpose anchors” that already exist around us. A purpose anchor can be thought of as a source of stability and grounding that helps you stay connected to your core values and life’s mission. So, how do we identify them? To reconnect with your purpose, it can be helpful to think back to what excited you as a child. What activities or hobbies made you lose track of time? What were you drawn to instinctively, before you learned to doubt or suppress those desires? Revisiting the things that brought you joy as a child can reveal the raw, untainted (纯净的) passions that still hold potential. Rediscovering these early passions can light up a meaningful path forward. Sometimes, our purpose becomes clouded by the overwhelming number of tasks and responsibilities. Over time, we may find ourselves buried under a mountain of obligations, many of which drain our energy and prevent us from engaging with what truly matters. A great way to identify purpose anchors is by practicing the art of subtraction. Make a list of all your work-related roles and responsibilities. Which ones drain your energy? Remove or reduce them, so you can focus on what remains — something that gives you energy and a sense of meaning. If neither of the above methods seem to yield results, consider trying the “spaghetti method”. This approach is all about experimentation. Throw a bunch of “spaghetti” against the wall and see what sticks. Say yes to people or opportunities you might typically avoid. Try activities that make you slightly uncomfortable or curious. Push yourself outside your usual routines to discover new experiences that might light you up. Allow yourself to be guided by curiosity rather than certainty. If you try something and it excites you, that could very well be a purpose anchor in the making. Building a life of purpose isn’t about waiting for the perfect revelation to come. It’s about creating your life step by step. 38. What is a purpose anchor according to the passage? ________________________________________________________________ 39. How do joys of childhood help identify your life purpose? ________________________________________________________________ 40. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. One practical way to identify a purpose anchor is to shoulder more responsibilities. ________________________________________________________________ 41. Besides the methods in the passage, what is your way to find a purpose anchor? Please explain. (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 （24-25高二下·北京朝阳·期末） Every year, as birds make their journeys hundreds — sometimes thousands — of miles across whole continents, they attract the attention of bird-watchers. People gather along wetlands and shorelines, cold hands holding their telescopes and excitement growing in their stomachs. For outsiders of bird-watching, a bird-watcher is usually someone from an older generation, such as an old grandma sitting at her feeder looking at different birds. However, according to the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated recreation, there were 4.7 million young bird-watchers in 2016 and 10. 8 million in 2022. Why exactly has this rapid growth happened? Technology may be the real gateway these days. Families might introduce young people to bird-watching, but apps and social media networks are helping them keep up their commitment to the hobby. Once interested, teenagers find the benefits of bird-watching are truly noticeable: it helps them get access to the traditional recreation and broadens their understanding of ecosystems. Teenage bird-watchers are finding their own digital way into a very traditional and meaningful activity. Sadie Cosby, a 17-year-old senior in Richmond, recognizes the appeal of online bird-watching platforms. She’s even part of a unique online chat group that sends messages when there is a rare bird in the area. Although Cosby says she prefers to bird-watch alone and uses it as a way to disconnect, she also enjoys being connected to other bird-watchers online. “I think because we’re kind of the smartphone generation, it’s easier for us to relate to bird-watching through all of the platforms,” says Cosby. Cosby is just a member of a much larger and closely networked community of young bird-watchers. And though they share much in common with older generations of bird-watchers when it comes to their passion for and enjoyment of the hobby, they also have a distinct advantage over the elders: being better at using digital tools to improve their bird-watching experience. 50. For outsiders of bird-watching, what kind of person is usually a bird-watcher? _____________________________________________________________ 51. What are the benefits of bird-watching for teenagers? _____________________________________________________________ 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢Young bird-watchers share much in common with the elders in terms of their passion for and enjoyment of the hobby, but the elders hold a clear advantage over the young. _____________________________________________________________ 53. Besides bird-watching what other hobby would you like to develop in Cosby’s way? And how can you develop it? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________________ Passage 5 （24-25高二下·北京丰台·期末） In a time when the term “attention economy” is as common as the phones and computers that keep us looking at screens, every scroll, click, like, and share is not just a simple action. It’s a trade using the world’s most valuable “money”: our attention. This system views our focus as a limited resource that companies try to get and make money from. It has changed deeply how we interact with others, meaning we need to look closer at it—not just see it as a popular phrase. Consider this: every moment of your day, from the minute you wake up to the second you fall asleep, is a series of decisions about where to assign your attention. When we direct our focus towards one activity, we inherently dismiss countless others. These daily choices define our lives, shaping our relationships, knowledge, health, and happiness. The attention economy is a double-edged sword. On one side, it offers a tailored world where our preferences and interests guide the content and opportunities presented to us. On the other, it poses significant challenges that threaten to weaken the quality of our attention, our relationships, and our understanding of the world. As we move forward, the task at hand is not just to handle the attention economy but to reshape it in a way that respects and enriches our most precious resource: our attention. To overcome the challenges, I can ask my family what caught their attention on social media today, sparking a conversation that bridges our digital divide. By paying attention to what we pay attention to, we not only enrich our own lives but also strengthen the bonds that connect us to one another. 40. What do our daily choices do to our lives? __________________________________________________________________________ 41. How can the author overcome the challenges that the attention economy poses? __________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶Moving ahead, our primary challenge is not merely to handle the attention economy but to reshape it in a way that saves our most precious resource: our attention. __________________________________________________________________________ 43. How do your daily attention choices shape your life? __________________________________________________________________________ Passage 6 （24-25高二下·北京石景山·期末） Lucy always had trouble waking up early in the morning. She would hit the snooze button (贪睡按钮) multiple times and often rush to school in a panic. As a result, she was often late to class, and struggled to focus during lessons. Her grades began to slip, and her teachers sometimes reminded her to pay more attention. Lucy knew something had to change. She started by setting a goal: waking up at 6:30 a. m. every day. She placed her alarm clock across the room so that she had to get out of bed to turn it off. She also planned her mornings carefully, including a short workout, a healthy breakfast, and a few minutes to review her schedule. At first, it was hard. She felt tired in the morning and wanted to sleep longer. But she kept reminding herself of the benefits: more energy, better focus, and less stress. After a few weeks, waking up early became easier. She started feeling more refreshed and had enough time to prepare for school calmly. Her new routine also helped her in other ways. Her academic performance began to improve and her test scores started to rise. And Lucy even began developing new interests, such as reading novels and painting, which made her feel more balanced and inspired. Now, Lucy enjoys her mornings and feels proud of her progress. She has learned that with patience, consistency, and effort, good habits can replace bad ones and lead to lasting improvement. 40. What problem did Lucy have in the morning? _________________________________________________________________ 41. What happened to Lucy’s test scores with her new routine? _________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Lucy began developing new interests, such as reading novels and painting because she felt tired of her academic performance. _________________________________________________________________ 43. What can you learn from Lucy? (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________________________ Passage 7 （24-25高二下·北京顺义·期末） A recent study by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) presents significant impacts of short video overuse. Over 20% of Chinese teenagers and 30% of college students say long-time watching of short videos has affected their sleep and academic performance, while 40% of working adults report that short video use passively impacts their sleep quality and energy levels at work. The research, surveying 130,000 participants, found students aged 10-18 average over 90 minutes daily on short videos, college students average nearly 3 hours, and working adults average about 140 minutes. Heavy usage is also linked to an increased likelihood of anxiety and depression, according to the study. When daily viewing reaches more than four hours, about 42 percent of teenagers, 29 percent of college students, and 34 percent of working adults reported experiencing different degrees of anxiety. “The risk of depression gradually increases with heightened short video consumption among teenagers,” the report said. “While less than an hour of daily use does not significantly raise the risk of depressive condition for college students and working adults, long-time usage does.” Guo Fei, an assistant professor at the institute and co-author of the research, said it is difficult to define a healthy range of short video use or assess addiction based simply on screen time. “Some people who appear to spend long hours on short videos might actually be watching educational content to improve their knowledge and skills,” she said. Based on the findings, Guo recommended that teenagers limit their short video usage to under 30 minutes a day. For adults, 30 minutes to an hour may offer some mental benefits, but usage should remain under an hour. 44. What does the recent study of CAS present? __________________________________________________________________________________ 45. According to the study, what is heavy use of short videos linked to? __________________________________________________________________________________ 46. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Watching short videos for 30 minutes to an hour may offer some mental benefits for teenagers. __________________________________________________________________________________ 47. Apart from limiting viewing time, what other suggestion(s) can you offer to reduce short video overuse?（In about 40 words） __________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 8 （24-25高二下·北京大兴·期末） Random acts of kindness could happen anywhere at any time. It’s often unexpected, but almost never unappreciated. Most people, at one time or another, have been on the receiving end of a random act of kindness-that moment of pure altruism (利他主义) when a complete stranger stops to offer aid, generosity or compassion. In a world where people can be so focused on what they’re doing, a random act of kindness can make all the difference. They can be relatively insignificant. Hannah Bailey from London, for example, told the Metro newspaper about how she was given her fruit and vegetable shopping for free. The seller did her a kindness when it happened that she didn’t have any change to pay. She was happy about it all day. The city of Naples has long had a tradition called ‘caffe sospeso’. When buying coffee, a person who has recently been lucky would purchase two cups but only drink one, leaving the second one anonymously, out of the goodness of their heart, for a poor person to claim for free. This tradition is now more common worldwide. However, in some cases, these little acts can be a matter of life and death. Take, for example, the unnamed passenger, who in June 2018 fell off a station platform onto an electric railway track in Toronto, Canada. A quick-thinking, but even now unknown, bystander selflessly leapt down to pull him to safety. So, why do it? Often, the acts aren’t reciprocated (回报的). The people never meet again. According to UK charity The Mental Health Foundation, acts like these can “give our lives new purpose, show us other perspectives on our own problems and even make us feel euphoric-an extremely strong feeling of happiness and excitement.” So give it a try. Hold open a door for someone, deliver a compliment. 40. Why was Bailey given some fruit for free? _________________________________________________________________________________ 41. How does the tradition “caffe sospeso” work in Naples? _________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. A passenger, who fell off the station platform, was saved by a quick-thinking bystander and consequently they became good friends _________________________________________________________________________________ 43. What specific act could you do in your daily life to spread kindness? And explain why it matters. (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 9 （24-25高二下·北京房山·期末） Scientists visiting tiny Henderson Island in the South Pacific recently made an alarming discovery. Although it is one of the most remote places on the earth and previously untouched by humans, the island was covered in 38 million pieces of plastic. “No country has a free pass — we found plastic from everywhere,” said one scientist. Plastic waste in the sea has long been known about, but only now are we discovering the true extent of the problem. Plastic takes hundreds of years to decompose, so all the plastic ever produced still exists somewhere. Around 95% of plastics made are not recycled, and large amounts enter the sea. Currents collect this waste in large circular systems called “gyres”. One of the largest is in the Pacific Ocean, an area now known as the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch”. The problem gets worse as plastic breaks down into very small pieces, or “micro plastic”. This is eaten by fish and leads to massive species loss. Humans also eat these fish, and micro plastic has even been found in tap water around the world. The problem has spread too far to ignore. The plastic on Henderson Island accounts for just 2 seconds’ worth of global annual plastic production. That production will more than triple by 2050. Then there will be the same weight of plastic in the sea as fish. However, there are some young minds working to clean up and protect the sea for future generations. While diving in Greece, young Boyan Slat noticed there was more plastic waste than fish. He decided right then to dedicate his life to solving this problem. Previously the problem was considered too big to solve; collecting the plastic with boats and nets would be expensive, would harm sea life, and would take thousands of years! But, Boyan thought, why move through the sea when the sea can move through you? To work with the currents and gyres would help collect the waste. So he started The Ocean Cleanup project, which places very long floating barriers in the Pacific. Currents then concentrate the waste naturally so it can be collected and recycled. “Many problems today are side effects of things people didn’t think about in the past,” he says. “Sea plastic is a symbol of the negative effects of our lifestyle and technology. Our aim should be to create a new lifestyle for this century. Protecting the sea from plastic is a good place to start!” 40. What alarming discovery did the scientists make during their visit to tiny Henderson Island? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why does “micro plastic” make things even worse? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The Ocean Cleanup project places long floating barriers in the Pacific, and then currents naturally concentrate the waste, so it can be completely removed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. What can we do to reduce plastic waste in our daily lives? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 10 （24-25高二下·北京通州·期末） Do you ever find yourself looking back on earlier times, remembering happy moments from the past? Nostalgia is the feeling associated with remembering happiness in the past, which is often described as bittersweet. It is bitter because you long for things that are no more but sweet as you enjoy remembering your past happiness. In today’s culture, expressions of nostalgia are becoming common. People share old social media posts remembering the good old days, buy products made years ago from secondhand stores and enjoy media that reminds them of their childhoods. Noticing these trends, companies are offering products similar to those of earlier decades, like classic video games adjusted for new consoles and new games imitating early video games. Social media platforms offer filters that can make pictures look like old photographs. Some restaurants feature some dishes from the 1970s. The popularity of these products shows that those people want to experience nostalgia. This desire for nostalgia makes a lot of sense because this feeling has psychological benefits. It can improve a person’s mood and self-esteem, sometimes helping people handle difficult transitions in life. It can also help people connect with others as they share memories. But nostalgia can also lead to emotional problems. Focusing on the past can make people less satisfied with the present and make it harder to find motivation to improve their current situation. Nostalgia can also lead people to view earlier stages of life with rose-colored glasses. They may forget about or ignore past hardships, thinking only about the positive side of things. How can you find a balance, remembering the past without letting it interfere (干扰) with the present? Try to recognize and be grateful for the positives in your current situation. While remembering the past, reflect on lessons you’ve learned and ways you’ve grown over the years. Share these memories with others to deepen relationships by learning more about each other or bonding over shared experiences. 40. According to this passage, what is nostalgia? ______________________________________________________________ 41. How do people express nostalgia in today’s culture? ______________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Nostalgia has beneficial effects on people coping with difficult transitions without any negative consequences on their present life. ______________________________________________________________ 43. What benefit(s) have you got from your nostalgia experience? (In about 40 words) ______________________________________________________________ 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读与表达 参考答案 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·北京东城·期末） 【答案】40. Instant gratification refers to the desire to experience pleasure or satisfaction without any delay. 41. It can help us stay on track with our long-term objectives by providing short-term rewards along the way. 42. We sometimes choose low-quality and unhealthy foods because we don’t care about their negative impacts on our bodies. Because we want to get the immediate satisfaction/instant gratification. 43. Open. I’ll set clear long-term goals, limit social media use, and choose healthy foods, exercising self-control to avoid instant gratification's negatives. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·北京西城·期末） 【答案】45. Delayed gratification refers to the ability to wait for a long-term reward. 46. Delayed gratification requires self-discipline and the ability to manage impulses, while instant gratification often involves giving in to immediate desires. 47. Delayed gratification is merely related to one’s environment, and it can contribute to one’s long- term development. According to the passage, delayed gratification has to do with one’s natural ability and environment and what one is taught. 48. I have been longing for a new gaming console. Instead of buying it immediately, I save a fixed amount weekly to get it in a few months. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·北京海淀·期末） 【答案】38. A purpose anchor is a source of stability and grounding that helps you stay connected to your core values and life’s mission. 39. Revisiting the things that brought you joy as a child can reveal the raw, untainted passions that still hold potential. Rediscovering these early passions can light up a meaningful path forward. 或 Revisiting childhood joys can reveal raw, untainted passions with potential, and rediscovering them can light up a meaningful path for life purpose. 40. One practical way to identify a purpose anchor is to shoulder more responsibilities. “shoulder more responsibilities” is false. According to the passage, a practical way is to remove or reduce responsibilities that drain your energy. 41. I would reflect on my strengths and skills to find a purpose anchor. For instance, if I excel in writing and communication, I might explore careers or hobbies related to writing or public speaking, finding purpose in areas where I can utilize my talents effectively. (答案不唯一，合理即可) Passage 4 （24-25高二下·北京朝阳·期末） 【答案】50. A bird-watcher is usually someone from an older generation. 51. It helps them get access to the traditional recreation and broadens their understanding of ecosystems. 52. Young bird-watchers share much in common with the elders in terms of their passion for and enjoyment of the hobby, but the elders hold a clear advantage over the young. Because they have a distinct advantage over the elders: being better at using digital tools to improve their bird-watching experience. 53. I would like to develop the hobby of photography in Cosby’s way. I can join online photography communities, share my works and techniques with others, and use digital tools like image editing software to enhance my photography skills. Passage 5 （24-25高二下·北京丰台·期末） 【答案】40. They define our lives, shaping our relationships, knowledge, health, and happiness. 41. By asking his family what caught their attention on social media and sparking conversations. 42. 错误部分：saves our most precious resource理由：原文为“respects and enriches our most precious resource”，强调尊重与丰富而非拯救。 43. My daily attention choices determine what I engage with, which in turn affects my learning, social interactions and overall well-being. For example, focusing on reading enriches my knowledge. Passage 6 （24-25高二下·北京石景山·期末） 【答案】40. Lucy had trouble waking up early. 41. Her test scores went up. 42. because she felt tired of her academic performance.或：she felt tired of 理由：Because Lucy developed new interests after improving her routine and feeling more organized. 类似答案都可以接受。 43. Possible versions: From Lucy, I learned that small changes in daily habits can lead to big improvements. With patience and effort, we can overcome bad habits, become more organized, and achieve better results in both school and personal life. Passage 7 （24-25高二下·北京顺义·期末） 【答案】44. (It presents/shows) significant impacts of short video overuse. 45. An increased likelihood of anxiety and depression. (sleep quality, academic performance, energy levels at work) 46. Watching short videos for 30 minutes to an hour may offer some mental benefits for teenagers. Watching short videos for 30 minutes to an hour may offer some mental benefits for adults. 47. To cut down on short videos, try outdoor activities like jogging or gardening — these not only refresh your mind but also improve fitness. Also, real-life chats with family and friends bring more joy than endless scrolling, while strengthening your relationships. (41words) Passage 8 （24-25高二下·北京大兴·期末） 【答案】40. Because the seller did her a kindness when it happened that she didn't have any change to pay. 41. In Naples, when buying coffee, a person who has recently been lucky would purchase two cups but only drink one, leaving the second one anonymously for a poor person to claim for free. 42. A passenger, who fell off the station platform, was saved by a quick-thinking bystander and consequently they became good friends. According to the text, the quick-thinking bystander who saved the passenger’s life still now was unknown, so they didn’t become good friends. 43. One specific act I could do is to hold open a door for someone. It matters because it shows respect and consideration for others, which can also bring convenience, making them feel appreciated and valued. Passage 9 （24-25高二下·北京房山·期末） 【答案】40. The island was covered in 38 million pieces of plastic. 41. Because it is eaten by fish, leading to massive species loss, and humans also eat these fish, with micro plastic even found in tap water worldwide. 42. The Ocean Cleanup project places long floating barriers in the Pacific, and then currents naturally concentrate the waste, so it can be completely removed. The passage only says the project allows the waste to be collected and recycled, not that it can be completely removed. 43. To reduce plastic waste in our daily lives, we can start by minimizing the use of single-use plastics. Additionally, supporting and purchasing products made from eco-friendly materials can make a significant difference. Participating in beach cleanups and recycling programs also helps. Passage 10 （24-25高二下·北京通州·期末） 【答案】40. Nostalgia is the feeling associated with remembering happiness in the past, which is often described as bittersweet. 41. People share old social media posts, buy second hand old products and enjoy media reminding them of childhoods. 42. Nostalgia has beneficial effects on people coping with difficult transitions without any negative consequences on their present life. Because the passage mentions that nostalgia can lead to emotional problems and make people less satisfied with the present. 43. When I’m nostalgic, I recall the days studying with friends. It warms my heart and gives me motivation to keep going. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $