专题06 阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编，北京专用）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 精选北京各区高二下期末议论文阅读真题，聚焦科技前沿（如LLMs、CRISPR）、社会热点（GPS依赖）等时代性主题，设题涵盖词义猜测、推理判断等能力梯度，适配期末复习需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|约30题|词义猜测（如“anthropomorphize”）、细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意|科技主题（LLMs版权争议）、跨学科素材（心理学相似吸引理论）、文化议题（艺术与文化认同），贴近高考命题趋势|

专题06 阅读理解（议论文） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·北京海淀·期末） With the release of large language models (LLMs), people are trying to understand the nature of their intelligence. Many people view LLMs as similar to an individual human mind. Others have proposed entirely different ways of conceptualizing them: as role players that can imitate many different characters; as cultural technologies like libraries and encyclopedias; as mirrors of human intelligence... The disagreements in the AI world on how to think about LLMs are clearly revealed in this diverse array of metaphors. Given our limited understanding of LLMs, it has been argued that “metaphors (比喻) are all we have for the moment to circle that black box.” Humans tend to anthropomorphize nonhumans, including animals, corporations, and even the weather. But we are particularly vulnerable to this tendency when faced with AI systems that talk with us in fluent language, using first person pronouns, and telling us about their “feelings”. Some experts urge the public to avoid anthropomorphizing AI and to think of AI systems as “tools” rather than as “creatures”, but LLMs are designed to achieve quite the opposite effect: to make humans conceptualize them as individual minds. The LLM-as-mind metaphor is being used in legal arguments. All the big AI companies have trained their models on copyrighted texts without permission or compensation; and therefore facing lawsuits for copyright infringement (侵犯版权). Defendants argue that AI training on copyrighted materials is “fair use”, since LLMs are like human minds. They believe “If everything is just copyright then we shouldn’t be reading textbooks and learning because that would be copyright infringement.” Legal scholar Jacqueline Charlesworth countered that this metaphor is intentionally misleading: “AI companies rely on our natural understanding of human intellectual ability and anthropomorphic language to encourage the misperception that AI machines learn and create like humans — that is, that they are capable of conceptual thinking and generalization from specific knowledge.” Going further, linguist Emily Bender noted that equating an LLM’s processing of its training text with a human reading and learning from books “rests on minimizing what it is to be human”. AI researchers are still struggling to find the right metaphors to understand our mysterious creations. But as we humans make choices on how we use these systems, how we study them, and how we craft and apply laws and regulations to keep them safe and ethical, we need to be acutely aware of the often unconscious metaphors that shape our evolving understanding of the nature of their intelligence. 29. Why are various metaphors mentioned in Paragraph 2? A To highlight LLMs’ multiple functions. B. To demonstrate conflicting perspectives. C. To express human concerns over LLMs. D. To show the limitation of human cognition. 30. What does the underlined word “anthropomorphize” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Humanize. B. Simplify. C. Automate. D. Prioritize. 31. What will Charlesworth probably agree with? A. AI machines learn and create like human beings do. B. The public should regard LLMs as conscious beings. C. AI training on copyrighted materials requires permission. D. Using LLMs harms human conceptual thinking and creativity. 32. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To advocate giving legal personhood to various LLMs. B. To show the disagreements on the understanding of LLMs. C. To discuss the legal and ethical problems caused by LLMs. D. To warn us of the hidden influences of metaphorizing LLMs. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·北京朝阳·期末） Ah, the world Oh, the world — Moby-Dick. The first scientific study of sperm whales was published in 1835 by a Scottish ship doctor named Thomas Beale. Beale believed sperm whales to be silent. Herman Melville relied heavily on Beale in composing Moly-Dick. “The whale has no voice,” Melville wrote. “But then again,” he went on, “what has the whale to say? Seldom have I sperm whale known any profound being that had anything to say to this world, unless forced to speak out something by way of getting a living.” The question of whether any species possesses a “communication system” comparable to that of humans is an open and much debated one. In the 1950s, the behaviorist B. F. Skinner argued that children learn language through positive reinforcement; therefore, other animals should be able to do the same. The linguist Noam Chomsky had a different view. He dismissed the notion that kids acquire language via conditioning, and also the possibility that language was available to other species. Michael Bronstein, a computer scientist from the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study in Cambridge, decided to discover the meaning of sperm whales’ codas — quick bursts of clicks produced by the whales— which they exchange with one another. Thus was born the Cetacean Translation Initiative — Project CETI for short, which represents the most ambitious, the most technologically advanced, and the most well-funded effort ever made to communicate with another species. “One important thing that I think will be an outcome of this project has to do with how we see life on land and in the oceans,” Bronstein said. “If we understand — or we have evidence, and very clear evidence in the form of language-like communication — that intelligent creatures are living there and that we are destroying them, that could change the way that we approach our Earth. If we could understand what they’re saying, instead of ‘save the whales’ it will be ‘saved by the whales’.” AI shares this hope. Or at least the AI-powered language model is smart enough to express it. Not long ago suffering from writer’s block, I asked an AI chatbot if it could rewrite Moby-Dick from the whale’s perspective. The AI chatbot wrote: Deep in the sea, I longed to communicate with the captain, to show him that my kind, too, had emotions and families to protect. But the language barrier between our worlds remained a gap that cannot be bridged. And the story ends with a somewhat depressing but not unaffected emotional request: I, the White Whale, could only wonder if there would ever come a day when man and whale would understand each other, finding harmony in the vastness of the ocean’s embrace. 41. Why does the author quote Herman Melville? A. To reveal the possibility of whales’ talking. B. To present the popularity of whales in literature. C. To highlight the value of voices in making a living. D. To prove communication system is unique to humans. 42. What can we learn from this passage? A. Living in agreement with nature is well underway. B. The author may believe Skinner more than Chomsky. C. AI chatbots have a big advantage over humans in writing. D. CETI was set up to prove other intelligent creatures exist. 43. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Humans can correct their mistake when they know it. B. Humans are too stubborn to understand other species. C. To figure out whether other animals have languages is urgent. D. We need cross language barriers to get through to other species. 44. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A. Look Ahead: How Are Humans’ Behaviours Affecting the Nature? B. Talk to Them: Can We Be Equipped to Speak to Another Species? C. Think Again: What contribution Will AI Make to Animals’ Survival? D. Reflect on Ourselves: Are Other Animals Seen as inferior to Humans? Passage 3 （24-25高二下·北京丰台·期末） Ask most people what “the good life” involves, and they will likely mention a list of goods. Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either prerequisites (先决条件) for happiness or were goods that came to the virtuous. But consider this thought experiment. Let’s compare two actors’ lives. First, meet Toby. Toby struggles to get work for many years. But as the years go by, Toby works his way up to become a famous actor. His lifetime earnings are $20 million, and he wins an Oscar for his final movie. Now, meet Ybot. Ybot wins an Oscar for his very first film role. After this initial success, he begins to endure a number of difficulties. Towards the end of his career (across which he has earned $20 million, mostly at the start), he finally retires into humble obscurity (默默无闻). As you’ll have quickly realized, these two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. If we view their lives as a sort of balance sheet of experiential profit and loss, they both seem to lead lives of equal net worth. The only difference is that Ybot experiences those goods and bads inversely to Toby. If flourishing is just a matter of enjoying certain goods, then it seems both actors flourish to the same extent. Yet most of us would much prefer to live like Toby than Ybot. But why should that make a difference, if both lives contain the same net benefits? When comparing the overall welfare level of different lives, it seems natural enough to think of a person’s life as a sort of container for various good and bad experiences. The goods and the bads are what we evaluate; the “container” they sit in is basically neutral. But that “balance sheet” model seems to miss another kind of value. We might value things like overcoming adversity (逆境), or not having our successes come too easily. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day. This intuitive judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis. On this view living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order or sequence. What the shape of life hypothesis suggests is that our lives are not simply bags into which we cream good things and bad things. The type of life it is—the genre of that life-story, so to speak—matters too. Without the right shape, even a life full of wonderful things can end up as a tale we’d prefer not to live out. 28. What does the word “inversely” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Similarly. B. Oppositely C. Relatively. D. Exclusively. 29. The author introduces the “shape of life” hypothesis by ______ . A. clarifying a goal B. analyzing an event C. challenging an established notion D. introducing contrasting viewpoints 30. Which would the author agree with? A. Early success followed by failure feels worse than late success. B. A life with more goods is better than one with fewer possessions. C. The “balance sheet” model is a powerful tool to define the good life. D. Hardships and misfortune are essential factors in judging the quality of life. Passage 4 （24-25高二下·北京石景山·期末） For centuries, humans have relied on physical maps to navigate (导航) the world. However, with the rise of digital technology, traditional maps have largely been replaced by GPS systems and mapping applications. While these tools provide convenience, some researchers argue that they may be weakening our natural sense of direction and spatial awareness. Cognitive scientist Dr. Mark Reynolds has studied the impact of GPS use on the human brain. He explains, “When people rely entirely on digital maps, they engage less with their surroundings. Instead of processing landmarks and distances, they simply follow instructions.” Studies suggest that this overreliance on GPS can lead to a decline in mental mapping abilities, making people less capable of navigating without assistance. This issue extends beyond individuals. Some urban planners have noted that GPS systems influence how cities develop. With more people depending on technology to find the fastest route, traditional navigation skills — such as reading road signs or recognizing natural landmarks — are becoming less important in city planning. Some worry that this could make places harder to navigate without technology in the future. One example of the consequences of GPS dependence was a study conducted in a busy urban area. Participants were asked to find specific locations, once with a digital map and once with a paper map. Those using GPS reached their destinations faster, but when asked to retrace their steps without assistance, they struggled more than those who had used traditional maps. This suggests that while digital maps improve efficiency in the short term, they may not support long-term spatial (空间的) awareness. Another concern is that digital maps may create a false sense of security. People tend to trust GPS directions without questioning them, sometimes leading to dangerous situations. There have been cases where drivers followed GPS instructions onto closed roads or even into bodies of water. Additionally, heavy reliance on technology could pose risks during emergencies when GPS services fail due to network issues or battery discharge. Despite these concerns, experts believe that digital navigation tools can be used wisely. By combining technology with active engagement — such as taking note of surroundings while following GPS directions — people can maintain their ability to navigate independently. Instead of replacing traditional skills, technology should be used to enhance them. 28. Why does the author quote Dr. Mark Reynolds? A. To draw a comparison. B. To introduce a topic. C. To evaluate a statement. D. To present an argument. 29. What concern do urban planners have about GPS reliance? A. It reduces the need to design clear visual landmarks. B. It makes cities harder to control during emergencies. C. It increases public demand for updated map technology. D. It affects how people notice and remember their surroundings. 30. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Digital maps make traveling more difficult. B. GPS technology is a potential danger for navigation. C. Traditional maps should be reintroduced in modern cities. D. A balance between technology and natural skills is important. Passage 5 （24-25高二下·北京顺义·期末） Freely available large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and DeepSeek are now used routinely by many to help with various tasks, from summarizing papers to generating code (代码) to developing ideas. But relying on LLMs too much may come with hidden costs. So it is time for us to collectively assess how to engage with this technology going forward, with a view to promoting progress without creating new inequalities or weakening the important human element and excitement of scientific discovery. Giacomo Beccari and Henri Boffin highlight the two-way nature of our relationship with LLMs in their research: though outsourcing tasks can free up mental energy and memory resources for the most challenging parts of a project, this may also lead to a gradual decrease in problem-solving skills and subject-specific knowledge at the level of the individual. In just the same way that always using a calculator makes it more difficult to do efficient mental maths, we may see research activity becoming increasingly LLM-dependent — which puts that activity at risk if, for some reason in the future, we lose the power to develop these technologies. Chiara Mingarelli sees the same issue in another light. Through an experiment in using ChatGPT to keep a written record of discussions at a recent meeting on the gravitational (引力的) wave background, Mingarelli finds herself questioning her responsibility and identity as a scientific author: how does she compare a human-written meeting report, for which considerable care has been taken to accurately capture (捕获) the detailed differences and depth of attendees’ thinking, with a ChatGPT-generated version that is enough but somewhat shallower and simplified? Is the time saved by the latter worth the loss of detail from the former, and are there situations in which the simplified version is preferable? There is also a sense of pride and satisfaction that comes from taking on the challenge of expressing scientific arguments clearly, and from gradually becoming better at doing so. Handing such tasks over to LLMs, then, may not only put specific scientific skills at risk, but also take away this unquantifiable sense of meaning that we feel when we master difficult tasks on our own. This is not to say that we all need to give up LLMs forever and refuse every advantage they can offer us. Rather, the key may be to invest careful thought in what we ask of such technology and what we keep for ourselves, with particular attention on those impacts that aren’t immediately apparent but will gradually increase over time. 27. What is the main concern regarding LLMs? A. The difficulty in mastering modern LLMs. B. The potential loss of human’s engagement. C. The technical limitations of LLMs systems. D. The financial cost of developing technologies. 28. What does the phrase “two-way nature” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Advantages and disadvantages of using LLMs. B. Traditional and modern attitudes towards LLMs. C. Mental energy and memory resources LLMs bring us. D. The past foundation and the future development of LLMs. 29. What is Mingarelli’s attitude towards ChatGPT? A. Approving. B. Hopeful. C. Unconcerned. D. Critical. 30. What should we do with LLMs in the future according to this passage? A. Seek more help from LLMs. B. Ignore obvious impacts of LLMs. C. Use LLMs wisely and strategically. D. Develop LLMs carefully and thoughtfully. Passage 6 （24-25高二下·北京通州·期末） Art has always been the silent language of human culture. Art is more than just a form of creative expression; it is a vivid reflection of our cultural identity. Each painting, sculpture, dance, or piece of music tells a story about who we are as individuals and as a collective society. It reveals our shared values, beliefs, traditions, and history, giving us a sense of belonging and connection. In this ever-developing world, art plays a critical role in preserving our cultural identity, providing a link between our past and our present, and shaping our future. Cultural identity is a complex construction, intertwined (缠绕) with our self-concept and social relations. It is not merely a fixed trait, but rather a developing narrative that is modeled by both our heritage and our personal experiences. Cultural identity provides us with a sense of belonging, and it influences our values, beliefs, and attitudes, shaping our perspectives of the world around us. Art and culture are inseparable; they impact and shape each other. Art can preserve and pass on cultural traditions, while culture can inspire and influence art. The relationship between the two is symbiotic (共生的), enhancing-and developing over time. From the hieroglyphics (象形文字) of ancient Egypt to the theater of classical Greece, art has been an essential part of cultural expression and preservation. Through different mediums and techniques various societies have used art to capture their distinct cultural narratives. The ancient Egyptians employed hieroglyphics and sculptures as significant means of artistic expression. The Greeks, known for their profound contributions to art and culture, used pottery and theater to convey their societal values and beliefs, which preserve a snapshot (缩影) of their society at that time. Greek theater, which included both tragedy and comedy, was not just entertainment — it served as a group event that addressed social, political, and moral issues, fostering a collective cultural identity. The historical art forms of different cultures continue to affect modern art. Many societies maintain their cultural identity by keeping their traditional art forms alive. These art forms are passed down through generations, often with little change, preserving the historical culture’s essence. However, adaptation is the key aspect of cultural evolution. Artists often blend traditional styles with modern elements, creating a fusion (融合) that reflects both the culture’s historical roots and contemporary influences. As we move further into the 21st century, the relationship between art and cultural identity continues to evolve. The future promises both challenges and opportunities for art in preserving cultural identity. Let’s start a journey to fancy what the future may hold for the intersection (交汇) of art and cultural identity. 32. According to the passage, cultural identity ______. A. possesses both traditional and personal traits B. provides a link between our past and present C. produces common values and beliefs of humanity D. consists of individual values and social connections 33. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. How a collective cultural identity is fostered. B. Different art mediums employed by the ancient Egyptians. C. The real presentation of ancient human life in different art forms. D. How culture was integrated into various art forms in ancient times. 34. What is the author’s intention of writing the text? A. To introduce the origin and development of art. B. To highlight art’s importance in preserving cultural identity. C. To show how cultural identity was expressed by art in the past. D To prove historical art forms’ contribution to cultural evolution. Passage 7 （24-25高二下·北京延庆·期末） If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple --- eat the same food as they do. Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them. During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time. The reason is thought to be the so–called similarity attraction theory --- where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves. But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship. Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food’s role in earning trust. In a test, participants were told to watch TV --- where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble, while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked. The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too. The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions from the start.” Harley Street psychologist Dr. Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person. That means negotiations are more likely to be successful.” 28. According to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who ______. A advertises his products on TV B. has the same taste as them C. reduces the price of his products D. pays attention to the quality of his products 29. The experiments conducted by researchers at Chicago University show that ______. A. food plays an important role in earning people’s trust B. bosses like employees that have the same taste as them C. people who have similar tastes to their boss’s earn more D. people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV 30. What can be inferred from the passage? A. People who eat similar food are more likely to trust each other. B. People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things. C. The effect of wearing similar clothes hasn’t been proved by researchers. D People are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them. 31. Which of the following sayings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory? A. Honesty is the best policy. B. All good things come to an end. C. Birds of a feather flock together. D. Where there is a will, there is a way. Passage 8 （24-25高二下·北京延庆·期末） If you could change your children’s DNA in the future to protect them against diseases, would you? It could be possible because of technology known as CRISPR/Cas, or just CRISPR. CRISPR involves a piece of RNA, a chemical messenger, designed to work on one part of DNA; it also uses an enzyme that can take unwanted genes out and put new ones in, according to The Economist. There are other ways of editing DNA, but CRISPR will do it very simply, quickly, and exactly. The use of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer’s disease to cancer to AIDS. By allowing doctors to put just the right cancer- killing genes into a patient’s immune system, the technology could help greatly. In April scientists in China said they had tried using CRISPR to edit the genome (基因组) of human embryos. Though the embryos would never turn into humans, this was the first time anyone had ever tried to edit DNA from human beings. With this in mind, the US National Academy of Sciences plans to discuss questions about CRISPR’s ethics (伦理标准). For example, CRISPR doesn’t work properly yet. As well as cutting the DNA it is looking for, it often cuts other DNA, too. In addition, we currently seem to have too little understanding of what DNA gives people what qualities. There are also moral questions. Of course, medicine already stops natural things from happening—for example, it saves people from infections. The opportunities to treat diseases make it hard to say we shouldn’t keep going. A harder question is whether it is ever right to edit human cells and make changes that are passed on to children. This is banned in 40 countries and restricted in many others. However, CRISPR means that if genes can be edited out, they can also be edited back in. It may be up to us as a society to decide when and where editing the genome is wrong. Also, according to The Economist, gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children:“Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.” In the end, more research is still needed to see what we can and can’t do with CRISPR. “It’s still a huge mystery how we work,” Craig Mello, a UMass Chan Medical School biologist and Nobel Prize winner, told The Boston Globe. “We’re just trying to figure out this amazingly complicated thing we call life.” 32. According to the passage, what can we know about the technology of CRISPR? A. It is very safe because it only cuts the DNA it is looking for. B. It could make parents make unwise choices for their children. C. It is forbidden in most countries and restricted in many others. D. It could help us discover the link between DNA and the qualities it gives people. 33. What is the author’s attitude towards CRISPR? A. Supportive. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Worried. 34. What is the passage mainly about? A. What we can and can’t do with CRISPR. B. How CRISPR was developed by scientists. C. The advantages of CRISPR and arguments about its ethics. D. Scientists’ experiments of using CRISPR to edit human embryos. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解（议论文） Passage 1 （24-25高二下·北京海淀·期末） With the release of large language models (LLMs), people are trying to understand the nature of their intelligence. Many people view LLMs as similar to an individual human mind. Others have proposed entirely different ways of conceptualizing them: as role players that can imitate many different characters; as cultural technologies like libraries and encyclopedias; as mirrors of human intelligence... The disagreements in the AI world on how to think about LLMs are clearly revealed in this diverse array of metaphors. Given our limited understanding of LLMs, it has been argued that “metaphors (比喻) are all we have for the moment to circle that black box.” Humans tend to anthropomorphize nonhumans, including animals, corporations, and even the weather. But we are particularly vulnerable to this tendency when faced with AI systems that talk with us in fluent language, using first person pronouns, and telling us about their “feelings”. Some experts urge the public to avoid anthropomorphizing AI and to think of AI systems as “tools” rather than as “creatures”, but LLMs are designed to achieve quite the opposite effect: to make humans conceptualize them as individual minds. The LLM-as-mind metaphor is being used in legal arguments. All the big AI companies have trained their models on copyrighted texts without permission or compensation; and therefore facing lawsuits for copyright infringement (侵犯版权). Defendants argue that AI training on copyrighted materials is “fair use”, since LLMs are like human minds. They believe “If everything is just copyright then we shouldn’t be reading textbooks and learning because that would be copyright infringement.” Legal scholar Jacqueline Charlesworth countered that this metaphor is intentionally misleading: “AI companies rely on our natural understanding of human intellectual ability and anthropomorphic language to encourage the misperception that AI machines learn and create like humans — that is, that they are capable of conceptual thinking and generalization from specific knowledge.” Going further, linguist Emily Bender noted that equating an LLM’s processing of its training text with a human reading and learning from books “rests on minimizing what it is to be human”. AI researchers are still struggling to find the right metaphors to understand our mysterious creations. But as we humans make choices on how we use these systems, how we study them, and how we craft and apply laws and regulations to keep them safe and ethical, we need to be acutely aware of the often unconscious metaphors that shape our evolving understanding of the nature of their intelligence. 29. Why are various metaphors mentioned in Paragraph 2? A To highlight LLMs’ multiple functions. B. To demonstrate conflicting perspectives. C. To express human concerns over LLMs. D. To show the limitation of human cognition. 30. What does the underlined word “anthropomorphize” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Humanize. B. Simplify. C. Automate. D. Prioritize. 31. What will Charlesworth probably agree with? A. AI machines learn and create like human beings do. B. The public should regard LLMs as conscious beings. C. AI training on copyrighted materials requires permission. D. Using LLMs harms human conceptual thinking and creativity. 32. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To advocate giving legal personhood to various LLMs. B. To show the disagreements on the understanding of LLMs. C. To discuss the legal and ethical problems caused by LLMs. D. To warn us of the hidden influences of metaphorizing LLMs. 【答案】29. B 30. A 31. C 32. D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人们对大型语言模型（LLMs）本质的不同理解，通过比喻的方式揭示了这些理解上的分歧，并强调了这些比喻对法律、伦理和人类认知的潜在影响。 29. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many people view LLMs as similar to an individual human mind. Others have proposed entirely different ways of conceptualizing them: as role players that can imitate many different characters; as cultural technologies like libraries and encyclopedias; as mirrors of human intelligence... The disagreements in the AI world on how to think about LLMs are clearly revealed in this diverse array of metaphors. (许多人认为大型语言模型类似于个体的人类思维。其他人则提出了完全不同的概念化方式：将它们视为能够模仿许多不同角色的角色扮演者；视为像图书馆和百科全书这样的文化技术；视为人类智能的镜子……在这个多样化的比喻中，人工智能世界对如何看待大型语言模型的分歧显而易见。)”可知，第二段提到各种比喻是为了展示人们对LLMs的不同看法，即冲突的观点。故选B项。 30. 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“But we are particularly vulnerable to this tendency when faced with AI systems that talk with us in fluent language, using first person pronouns, and telling us about their “feelings”. (但是，当我们面对使用流利的语言与我们交谈、使用第一人称代词并告诉我们它们的“感受”的人工智能系统时，我们特别容易受到这种倾向的影响。)”可知，人类倾向于将非人类的事物，包括动物、公司甚至天气都拟人化，由此可推知，划线单词“anthropomorphize”指的是“将非人类的事物赋予人类的特征或行为”，即“拟人化”，与“Humanize (使人性化)”意思相近。故选A项。 31. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Legal scholar Jacqueline Charlesworth countered that this metaphor is intentionally misleading: “AI companies rely on our natural understanding of human intellectual ability and anthropomorphic language to encourage the misperception that AI machines learn and create like humans — that is, that they are capable of conceptual thinking and generalization from specific knowledge.” (法律学者Jacqueline Charlesworth反驳说，这个比喻是故意误导人的：“人工智能公司依赖我们对人类智力能力的自然理解以及拟人化的语言，来鼓励人们误解人工智能机器像人类一样学习和创造 —— 也就是说，它们能够进行概念性思考和从特定知识中进行概括。”)”可知，Charlesworth认为AI公司使用“LLM-as-mind”这个比喻是误导人的，她强调AI机器并不像人类一样学习和创造，由此可推知，她可能认为在受版权保护的材料上训练AI需要得到许可，而不是像被告所主张的那样是“合理使用”。故选C项。 32. 推理判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段“AI researchers are still struggling to find the right metaphors to understand our mysterious creations. But as we humans make choices on how we use these systems, how we study them, and how we craft and apply laws and regulations to keep them safe and ethical, we need to be acutely aware of the often unconscious metaphors that shape our evolving understanding of the nature of their intelligence. (人工智能研究人员仍在努力寻找合适的比喻来理解我们神秘的创造物。但是，当我们人类选择如何使用这些系统、如何研究它们，以及如何制定和应用法律法规来确保它们的安全和道德时，我们需要敏锐地意识到那些常常是无意识的比喻，这些比喻塑造了我们对其智能本质不断演变的理解。)”可知，文章主要讨论了人们对LLMs本质的不同理解，通过比喻的方式揭示了这些理解上的分歧，并强调了这些比喻对法律、伦理和人类认知的潜在影响，由此可推知，文章的目的是警告我们比喻化LLMs的潜在影响。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·北京朝阳·期末） Ah, the world Oh, the world — Moby-Dick. The first scientific study of sperm whales was published in 1835 by a Scottish ship doctor named Thomas Beale. Beale believed sperm whales to be silent. Herman Melville relied heavily on Beale in composing Moly-Dick. “The whale has no voice,” Melville wrote. “But then again,” he went on, “what has the whale to say? Seldom have I sperm whale known any profound being that had anything to say to this world, unless forced to speak out something by way of getting a living.” The question of whether any species possesses a “communication system” comparable to that of humans is an open and much debated one. In the 1950s, the behaviorist B. F. Skinner argued that children learn language through positive reinforcement; therefore, other animals should be able to do the same. The linguist Noam Chomsky had a different view. He dismissed the notion that kids acquire language via conditioning, and also the possibility that language was available to other species. Michael Bronstein, a computer scientist from the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study in Cambridge, decided to discover the meaning of sperm whales’ codas — quick bursts of clicks produced by the whales— which they exchange with one another. Thus was born the Cetacean Translation Initiative — Project CETI for short, which represents the most ambitious, the most technologically advanced, and the most well-funded effort ever made to communicate with another species. “One important thing that I think will be an outcome of this project has to do with how we see life on land and in the oceans,” Bronstein said. “If we understand — or we have evidence, and very clear evidence in the form of language-like communication — that intelligent creatures are living there and that we are destroying them, that could change the way that we approach our Earth. If we could understand what they’re saying, instead of ‘save the whales’ it will be ‘saved by the whales’.” AI shares this hope. Or at least the AI-powered language model is smart enough to express it. Not long ago suffering from writer’s block, I asked an AI chatbot if it could rewrite Moby-Dick from the whale’s perspective. The AI chatbot wrote: Deep in the sea, I longed to communicate with the captain, to show him that my kind, too, had emotions and families to protect. But the language barrier between our worlds remained a gap that cannot be bridged. And the story ends with a somewhat depressing but not unaffected emotional request: I, the White Whale, could only wonder if there would ever come a day when man and whale would understand each other, finding harmony in the vastness of the ocean’s embrace. 41. Why does the author quote Herman Melville? A. To reveal the possibility of whales’ talking. B. To present the popularity of whales in literature. C. To highlight the value of voices in making a living. D. To prove communication system is unique to humans. 42. What can we learn from this passage? A. Living in agreement with nature is well underway. B. The author may believe Skinner more than Chomsky. C. AI chatbots have a big advantage over humans in writing. D. CETI was set up to prove other intelligent creatures exist. 43. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Humans can correct their mistake when they know it. B. Humans are too stubborn to understand other species. C. To figure out whether other animals have languages is urgent. D. We need cross language barriers to get through to other species. 44. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A. Look Ahead: How Are Humans’ Behaviours Affecting the Nature? B. Talk to Them: Can We Be Equipped to Speak to Another Species? C. Think Again: What contribution Will AI Make to Animals’ Survival? D. Reflect on Ourselves: Are Other Animals Seen as inferior to Humans? 【答案】41. A 42. B 43. D 44. B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人类是否能够与其他物种（如抹香鲸）进行交流，并探讨了跨物种交流的可能性和重要性。 41. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Beale believed sperm whales to be silent. Herman Melville relied heavily on Beale in composing Moly-Dick. “The whale has no voice,” Melville wrote. “But then again,” he went on, “what has the whale to say? Seldom have I sperm whale known any profound being that had anything to say to this world, unless forced to speak out something by way of getting a living.” (比尔认为抹香鲸是沉默的。赫尔曼·梅尔维尔在创作《白鲸记》时大量借鉴了比尔的观点。“鲸鱼没有声音，”梅尔维尔写道。“但话说回来，”他接着说，“鲸鱼有什么要说的呢？我很少知道有哪头抹香鲸对这个世界有什么要说的，除非是为了谋生而被迫说出些什么。”)”可知，作者引用梅尔维尔的话，先借其观点引出“鲸鱼无声”的传统认知，再通过转折暗示鲸鱼可能有未被理解的交流方式，从而揭示鲸鱼说话的可能性。故选A。 42. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The question of whether any species possesses a “communication system” comparable to that of humans is an open and much debated one. In the 1950s, the behaviorist B. F. Skinner argued that children learn language through positive reinforcement; therefore, other animals should be able to do the same. The linguist Noam Chomsky had a different view. He dismissed the notion that kids acquire language via conditioning, and also the possibility that language was available to other species. (关于是否有任何物种拥有与人类相当的“交流系统”这一问题，目前仍是一个开放且备受争议的话题。20世纪50年代，行为主义者B. F. Skinner认为，孩子们通过正面强化来学习语言；因此，其他动物也应该能够做到这一点。然而，语言学家Noam Chomsky则持有不同观点。他否定了孩子们通过条件反射习得语言的观念，也否定了其他物种拥有语言的可能性。)”以及第六段“AI shares this hope. Or at least the AI-powered language model is smart enough to express it. Not long ago, suffering from writer’s block, I asked an AI chatbot if it could rewrite Moby-Dick from the whale’s perspective. (人工智能也怀揣着同样的愿景——至少AI语言模型足够智能去表达这一点。不久前，我受困于写作瓶颈，让AI聊天机器人从鲸鱼视角重写《白鲸记》。)”、倒数第三段“Deep in the sea, I longed to communicate with the captain, to show him that my kind, too, had emotions and families to protect. But the language barrier between our worlds remained a gap that cannot be bridged. (在深海中，我渴望与船长沟通，想让他知道我的族群也有情感，也有需要守护的家庭。但我们两个世界间的语言屏障，仍是一道无法跨越的天堑。)”、最后一段中“I, the White Whale, could only wonder if there would ever come a day when man and whale would understand each other, finding harmony in the vastness of the ocean’s embrace. (我，白鲸，只能想知道是否有一天人类和鲸鱼能够相互理解，在海洋的广阔怀抱中找到和谐。)”可知，作者可能更相信Skinner而不是Chomsky，认为鲸鱼能习得语言，与人类沟通。故选B。 43. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Deep in the sea, I longed to communicate with the captain, to show him that my kind, too, had emotions and families to protect. But the language barrier between our worlds remained a gap that cannot be bridged. (在深海中，我渴望与船长沟通，想让他知道我的族群也有情感，也有需要守护的家庭。但我们两个世界间的语言屏障，仍是一道无法跨越的天堑。)”、最后一段 “I, the White Whale, could only wonder if there would ever come a day when man and whale would understand each other, finding harmony in the vastness of the ocean’s embrace. (我，白鲸，只能想知道是否有一天人类和鲸鱼能够相互理解，在海洋的广阔怀抱中找到和谐。)”可知，作者想要告诉我们的是，我们需要跨越语言障碍，去理解其他物种，与它们和谐共处。故选D。 44. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“I, the White Whale, could only wonder if there would ever come a day when man and whale would understand each other, finding harmony in the vastness of the ocean’s embrace.(我，白鲸，只能想知道是否有一天人类和鲸鱼能够相互理解，在海洋的广阔怀抱中找到和谐。)”可知，文章主要讨论了人类是否能够与其他物种进行交流的问题，因此B选项“Talk to Them: Can We Be Equipped to Speak to Another Species? (与它们交谈：我们能否具备与另一种物种对话的能力？)”作为文章标题最合适。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·北京丰台·期末） Ask most people what “the good life” involves, and they will likely mention a list of goods. Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either prerequisites (先决条件) for happiness or were goods that came to the virtuous. But consider this thought experiment. Let’s compare two actors’ lives. First, meet Toby. Toby struggles to get work for many years. But as the years go by, Toby works his way up to become a famous actor. His lifetime earnings are $20 million, and he wins an Oscar for his final movie. Now, meet Ybot. Ybot wins an Oscar for his very first film role. After this initial success, he begins to endure a number of difficulties. Towards the end of his career (across which he has earned $20 million, mostly at the start), he finally retires into humble obscurity (默默无闻). As you’ll have quickly realized, these two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. If we view their lives as a sort of balance sheet of experiential profit and loss, they both seem to lead lives of equal net worth. The only difference is that Ybot experiences those goods and bads inversely to Toby. If flourishing is just a matter of enjoying certain goods, then it seems both actors flourish to the same extent. Yet most of us would much prefer to live like Toby than Ybot. But why should that make a difference, if both lives contain the same net benefits? When comparing the overall welfare level of different lives, it seems natural enough to think of a person’s life as a sort of container for various good and bad experiences. The goods and the bads are what we evaluate; the “container” they sit in is basically neutral. But that “balance sheet” model seems to miss another kind of value. We might value things like overcoming adversity (逆境), or not having our successes come too easily. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day. This intuitive judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis. On this view living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order or sequence. What the shape of life hypothesis suggests is that our lives are not simply bags into which we cream good things and bad things. The type of life it is—the genre of that life-story, so to speak—matters too. Without the right shape, even a life full of wonderful things can end up as a tale we’d prefer not to live out. 28. What does the word “inversely” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Similarly. B. Oppositely C. Relatively. D. Exclusively. 29. The author introduces the “shape of life” hypothesis by ______ . A. clarifying a goal B. analyzing an event C. challenging an established notion D. introducing contrasting viewpoints 30. Which would the author agree with? A. Early success followed by failure feels worse than late success. B. A life with more goods is better than one with fewer possessions. C. The “balance sheet” model is a powerful tool to define the good life. D. Hardships and misfortune are essential factors in judging the quality of life. 【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过Toby与Ybot的人生对比，提出“生命形态”假说，指出美好生活不仅在于拥有的事物，更在于其发生的顺序。 28. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Let’s compare two actors’ lives. First, meet Toby. Toby struggles to get work for many years. But as the years go by, Toby works his way up to become a famous actor. His lifetime earnings are $20 million, and he wins an Oscar for his final movie. Now, meet Ybot. Ybot wins an Oscar for his very first film role. After this initial success, he begins to endure a number of difficulties. ( 让我们来比较一下两个演员的生活。首先，来见见Toby。Toby多年来一直找不到工作。但随着岁月的流逝，Toby努力成为一名著名的演员。他一生的收入是2000万美元，他的最后一部电影赢得了奥斯卡奖。现在，来见见Ybot。他的第一部电影就获得了奥斯卡奖。在最初的成功之后，他开始遭受许多困难)”可知，Toby是“多年挣扎后成功，晚年获奥斯卡”，而 Ybot是“首部电影就获奥斯卡，随后遭遇困境，晚年默默无闻”，两人人生轨迹完全相反，且第三段中“As you’ll have quickly realized, these two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images.( 你很快就会意识到，这两位演员的生活，就像他们的名字一样，是镜像)”明确提到镜像般的人生。因此“inversely”意为“相反地”，和B选项Oppositely“相反地”意思一致。故选B项。 29. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“When comparing the overall welfare level of different lives, it seems natural enough to think of a person’s life as a sort of container for various good and bad experiences. The goods and the bads are what we evaluate; the “container” they sit in is basically neutral. But that “balance sheet” model seems to miss another kind of value. We might value things like overcoming adversity (逆境), or not having our successes come too easily. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day.( 在比较不同生活的整体福利水平时，似乎很自然地把一个人的生活看作是各种美好和糟糕经历的容器。好坏是我们评价的东西；他们所在的“容器”基本上是中性的。但这种“资产负债表”模式似乎忽略了另一种价值。我们可能会重视克服逆境，或者不让成功来得太容易。一个早年成功而后衰落的人生，似乎比一个在一天中晚些时候成功的人生更不成功)”以及第五段“This intuitive judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis. On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order or sequence.( 这种直觉判断体现在所谓的“生命形态”假说中。根据这种观点，美好的生活不仅仅是拥有正确的经历或生活事件，而是以正确的顺序或顺序拥有它们)”可知，作者先提出“balance sheet model”（资产负债表模型），即认为人生的好坏取决于“好体验与坏体验的总和”，并以Toby 和Ybot 的例子指出该模型的缺陷 —— 人们更倾向于Toby 的人生，而非总和相同但顺序相反的Ybot的人生。随后引出“shape of life hypothesis”（生命形态假说），强调“经历的顺序比总和更重要”。这一过程是通过挑战“收支平衡模型” 这一固有观念来引入新假说的。故选C项。 30. 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第四段中“A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day.( 一个早年成功而后衰落的人生，似乎比一个在一天中晚些时候成功的人生更不成功)”可知，作者通过Toby和Ybot的对比指出，人们更偏好“先逆境后成功”的人生（Toby），而非“先成功后衰落”的人生（Ybot），并以“shape of life hypothesis”解释这一偏好 —— 经历的顺序影响人生质量。因此 A 选项“早期成功后失败比晚期成功更糟糕”符合作者观点。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·北京石景山·期末） For centuries, humans have relied on physical maps to navigate (导航) the world. However, with the rise of digital technology, traditional maps have largely been replaced by GPS systems and mapping applications. While these tools provide convenience, some researchers argue that they may be weakening our natural sense of direction and spatial awareness. Cognitive scientist Dr. Mark Reynolds has studied the impact of GPS use on the human brain. He explains, “When people rely entirely on digital maps, they engage less with their surroundings. Instead of processing landmarks and distances, they simply follow instructions.” Studies suggest that this overreliance on GPS can lead to a decline in mental mapping abilities, making people less capable of navigating without assistance. This issue extends beyond individuals. Some urban planners have noted that GPS systems influence how cities develop. With more people depending on technology to find the fastest route, traditional navigation skills — such as reading road signs or recognizing natural landmarks — are becoming less important in city planning. Some worry that this could make places harder to navigate without technology in the future. One example of the consequences of GPS dependence was a study conducted in a busy urban area. Participants were asked to find specific locations, once with a digital map and once with a paper map. Those using GPS reached their destinations faster, but when asked to retrace their steps without assistance, they struggled more than those who had used traditional maps. This suggests that while digital maps improve efficiency in the short term, they may not support long-term spatial (空间的) awareness. Another concern is that digital maps may create a false sense of security. People tend to trust GPS directions without questioning them, sometimes leading to dangerous situations. There have been cases where drivers followed GPS instructions onto closed roads or even into bodies of water. Additionally, heavy reliance on technology could pose risks during emergencies when GPS services fail due to network issues or battery discharge. Despite these concerns, experts believe that digital navigation tools can be used wisely. By combining technology with active engagement — such as taking note of surroundings while following GPS directions — people can maintain their ability to navigate independently. Instead of replacing traditional skills, technology should be used to enhance them. 28. Why does the author quote Dr. Mark Reynolds? A. To draw a comparison. B. To introduce a topic. C. To evaluate a statement. D. To present an argument. 29. What concern do urban planners have about GPS reliance? A. It reduces the need to design clear visual landmarks. B. It makes cities harder to control during emergencies. C. It increases public demand for updated map technology. D. It affects how people notice and remember their surroundings. 30. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Digital maps make traveling more difficult. B. GPS technology is a potential danger for navigation. C. Traditional maps should be reintroduced in modern cities. D. A balance between technology and natural skills is important. 【答案】28. D 29. A 30. D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了随着数字技术发展，GPS等工具便利但可能削弱人类方向感和空间意识，专家认为应平衡技术与自然技能。 28. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Cognitive scientist Dr. Mark Reynolds has studied the impact of GPS use on the human brain. He explains, ‘When people rely entirely on digital maps, they engage less with their surroundings. Instead of processing landmarks and distances, they simply follow instructions.’(认知科学家马克·雷诺兹博士研究了使用GPS对人类大脑的影响。他解释说：“当人们完全依赖数字地图时，他们与周围环境的互动就会减少。他们不再处理地标和距离，而是简单地听从指示。”)”可知，作者引用马克·雷诺兹博士的话是为了提出关于过度依赖GPS的论点，从而展开讨论。故选D。 29. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“With more people depending on technology to find the fastest route, traditional navigation skills — such as reading road signs or recognizing natural landmarks — are becoming less important in city planning.(随着越来越多的人依赖技术来寻找最快的路线，传统的导航技能——比如阅读路标或识别自然地标——在城市规划中变得越来越不重要)”可知，城市规划者担心依赖GPS会减少对清晰视觉地标的设计需求。故选A。 30. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Despite these concerns, experts believe that digital navigation tools can be used wisely. By combining technology with active engagement — such as taking note of surroundings while following GPS directions — people can maintain their ability to navigate independently. Instead of replacing traditional skills, technology should be used to enhance them.(尽管存在这些担忧，专家们认为数字导航工具可以被明智地使用。通过将技术与积极参与相结合——比如在遵循GPS指示的同时注意周围环境——人们可以保持独立导航的能力。技术应该用来增强传统技能，而不是取代它们)”可知，作者意在告诉我们平衡技术与自然技能的重要性。故选D。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·北京顺义·期末） Freely available large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and DeepSeek are now used routinely by many to help with various tasks, from summarizing papers to generating code (代码) to developing ideas. But relying on LLMs too much may come with hidden costs. So it is time for us to collectively assess how to engage with this technology going forward, with a view to promoting progress without creating new inequalities or weakening the important human element and excitement of scientific discovery. Giacomo Beccari and Henri Boffin highlight the two-way nature of our relationship with LLMs in their research: though outsourcing tasks can free up mental energy and memory resources for the most challenging parts of a project, this may also lead to a gradual decrease in problem-solving skills and subject-specific knowledge at the level of the individual. In just the same way that always using a calculator makes it more difficult to do efficient mental maths, we may see research activity becoming increasingly LLM-dependent — which puts that activity at risk if, for some reason in the future, we lose the power to develop these technologies. Chiara Mingarelli sees the same issue in another light. Through an experiment in using ChatGPT to keep a written record of discussions at a recent meeting on the gravitational (引力的) wave background, Mingarelli finds herself questioning her responsibility and identity as a scientific author: how does she compare a human-written meeting report, for which considerable care has been taken to accurately capture (捕获) the detailed differences and depth of attendees’ thinking, with a ChatGPT-generated version that is enough but somewhat shallower and simplified? Is the time saved by the latter worth the loss of detail from the former, and are there situations in which the simplified version is preferable? There is also a sense of pride and satisfaction that comes from taking on the challenge of expressing scientific arguments clearly, and from gradually becoming better at doing so. Handing such tasks over to LLMs, then, may not only put specific scientific skills at risk, but also take away this unquantifiable sense of meaning that we feel when we master difficult tasks on our own. This is not to say that we all need to give up LLMs forever and refuse every advantage they can offer us. Rather, the key may be to invest careful thought in what we ask of such technology and what we keep for ourselves, with particular attention on those impacts that aren’t immediately apparent but will gradually increase over time. 27. What is the main concern regarding LLMs? A. The difficulty in mastering modern LLMs. B. The potential loss of human’s engagement. C. The technical limitations of LLMs systems. D. The financial cost of developing technologies. 28. What does the phrase “two-way nature” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Advantages and disadvantages of using LLMs. B. Traditional and modern attitudes towards LLMs. C. Mental energy and memory resources LLMs bring us. D. The past foundation and the future development of LLMs. 29. What is Mingarelli’s attitude towards ChatGPT? A. Approving. B. Hopeful. C. Unconcerned. D. Critical. 30. What should we do with LLMs in the future according to this passage? A. Seek more help from LLMs. B. Ignore obvious impacts of LLMs. C. Use LLMs wisely and strategically. D. Develop LLMs carefully and thoughtfully. 【答案】27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了大型语言模型 (LLMs) 如ChatGPT和DeepSeek在日常任务中的广泛应用，同时指出了过度依赖LLMs可能带来的潜在问题，并提出了未来应如何明智地使用这些技术的建议。 27. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Giacomo Beccari and Henri Boffin highlight the two-way nature of our relationship with LLMs in their research: though outsourcing tasks can free up mental energy and memory resources for the most challenging parts of a project, this may also lead to a gradual decrease in problem-solving skills and subject-specific knowledge at the level of the individual. (Giacomo Beccari和Henri Boffin在他们的研究中强调了我们与LLMs之间关系的双向性：尽管将任务外包可以为项目中最具挑战性的部分释放出脑力和记忆资源，但这也可能导致个人在解决问题能力和特定学科知识方面的逐渐下降)”以及第三段中“Handing such tasks over to LLMs, then, may not only put specific scientific skills at risk, but also take away this unquantifiable sense of meaning that we feel when we master difficult tasks on our own. (因此，将此类任务交给LLMs处理，不仅可能危及特定的科学技能，还可能剥夺我们在独立完成困难任务时所感受到的那种无法量化的意义感)”可知，本文主要关注的是过度依赖LLMs可能导致的人类参与度的潜在丧失，包括问题解决能力和特定学科知识的下降，以及完成困难任务时所获得的成就感。故选B。 28. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Giacomo Beccari and Henri Boffin highlight the two-way nature of our relationship with LLMs in their research: though outsourcing tasks can free up mental energy and memory resources for the most challenging parts of a project, this may also lead to a gradual decrease in problem-solving skills and subject-specific knowledge at the level of the individual. (Giacomo Beccari和Henri Boffin在他们的研究中强调了我们与LLMs之间关系的two-way nature：尽管将任务外包可以为项目中最具挑战性的部分释放出脑力和记忆资源，但这也可能导致个人在解决问题能力和特定学科知识方面的逐渐下降)”可知，本段主要讲述了使用LLMs的优点和缺点，因此可以推测出“two-way nature”指的是使用LLMs的利弊。故选A。 29. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Chiara Mingarelli sees the same issue in another light. Through an experiment in using ChatGPT to keep a written record of discussions at a recent meeting on the gravitational (引力的) wave background, Mingarelli finds herself questioning her responsibility and identity as a scientific author: how does she compare a human-written meeting report, for which considerable care has been taken to accurately capture (捕获) the detailed differences and depth of attendees’ thinking, with a ChatGPT-generated version that is enough but somewhat shallower and simplified? Is the time saved by the latter worth the loss of detail from the former, and are there situations in which the simplified version is preferable? There is also a sense of pride and satisfaction that comes from taking on the challenge of expressing scientific arguments clearly, and from gradually becoming better at doing so. Handing such tasks over to LLMs, then, may not only put specific scientific skills at risk, but also take away this unquantifiable sense of meaning that we feel when we master difficult tasks on our own. (Chiara Mingarelli从另一个角度看待同样的问题。通过在一次关于引力波背景的会议上使用ChatGPT记录讨论内容的实验，Mingarelli发现自己开始质疑自己作为科学作者的责任和身份：她如何将一份经过精心撰写、准确捕捉参会者思维细节差异和深度的会议报告，与一份由ChatGPT生成、足够但略显浅显和简化的版本进行比较？后者节省的时间是否值得前者失去的细节，以及在什么情况下简化版本更可取？接受清晰表达科学论点的挑战，并逐渐在这方面做得更好，也会带来一种自豪感和满足感。因此，将此类任务交给LLMs处理，不仅可能危及特定的科学技能，还可能剥夺我们在独立完成困难任务时所感受到的那种无法量化的意义感)”可知，Mingarelli对ChatGPT持批判态度，认为虽然ChatGPT生成的版本足够但略显浅显和简化，可能危及特定的科学技能，还可能剥夺我们在独立完成困难任务时所感受到的那种无法量化的意义感。故选D。 30. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This is not to say that we all need to give up LLMs forever and refuse every advantage they can offer us. Rather, the key may be to invest careful thought in what we ask of such technology and what we keep for ourselves, with particular attention on those impacts that aren’t immediately apparent but will gradually increase over time. (这并不是说我们都需要永远放弃LLMs，拒绝它们能提供给我们的每一个优势。相反，关键在于我们要仔细思考我们对这项技术的要求以及我们为自己保留的东西，特别关注那些不会立即显现但会随着时间的推移而逐渐增加的影响)”可知，文章建议我们在未来应该明智且有策略地使用LLMs，仔细思考我们对这项技术的要求以及我们为自己保留的东西，特别关注那些不会立即显现但会随着时间的推移而逐渐增加的影响。故选C。 Passage 6 （24-25高二下·北京通州·期末） Art has always been the silent language of human culture. Art is more than just a form of creative expression; it is a vivid reflection of our cultural identity. Each painting, sculpture, dance, or piece of music tells a story about who we are as individuals and as a collective society. It reveals our shared values, beliefs, traditions, and history, giving us a sense of belonging and connection. In this ever-developing world, art plays a critical role in preserving our cultural identity, providing a link between our past and our present, and shaping our future. Cultural identity is a complex construction, intertwined (缠绕) with our self-concept and social relations. It is not merely a fixed trait, but rather a developing narrative that is modeled by both our heritage and our personal experiences. Cultural identity provides us with a sense of belonging, and it influences our values, beliefs, and attitudes, shaping our perspectives of the world around us. Art and culture are inseparable; they impact and shape each other. Art can preserve and pass on cultural traditions, while culture can inspire and influence art. The relationship between the two is symbiotic (共生的), enhancing-and developing over time. From the hieroglyphics (象形文字) of ancient Egypt to the theater of classical Greece, art has been an essential part of cultural expression and preservation. Through different mediums and techniques various societies have used art to capture their distinct cultural narratives. The ancient Egyptians employed hieroglyphics and sculptures as significant means of artistic expression. The Greeks, known for their profound contributions to art and culture, used pottery and theater to convey their societal values and beliefs, which preserve a snapshot (缩影) of their society at that time. Greek theater, which included both tragedy and comedy, was not just entertainment — it served as a group event that addressed social, political, and moral issues, fostering a collective cultural identity. The historical art forms of different cultures continue to affect modern art. Many societies maintain their cultural identity by keeping their traditional art forms alive. These art forms are passed down through generations, often with little change, preserving the historical culture’s essence. However, adaptation is the key aspect of cultural evolution. Artists often blend traditional styles with modern elements, creating a fusion (融合) that reflects both the culture’s historical roots and contemporary influences. As we move further into the 21st century, the relationship between art and cultural identity continues to evolve. The future promises both challenges and opportunities for art in preserving cultural identity. Let’s start a journey to fancy what the future may hold for the intersection (交汇) of art and cultural identity. 32. According to the passage, cultural identity ______. A. possesses both traditional and personal traits B. provides a link between our past and present C. produces common values and beliefs of humanity D. consists of individual values and social connections 33. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. How a collective cultural identity is fostered. B. Different art mediums employed by the ancient Egyptians. C. The real presentation of ancient human life in different art forms. D. How culture was integrated into various art forms in ancient times. 34. What is the author’s intention of writing the text? A. To introduce the origin and development of art. B. To highlight art’s importance in preserving cultural identity. C. To show how cultural identity was expressed by art in the past. D To prove historical art forms’ contribution to cultural evolution. 【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了艺术在保留文化身份方面的重要性，以及艺术与文化身份之间的关系和发展。 32. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Cultural identity is a complex construction, intertwined (缠绕) with our self-concept and social relations. It is not merely a fixed trait, but rather a developing narrative that is modeled by both our heritage and our personal experiences.(文化身份是一个复杂的构造，与我们的自我概念和社会关系交织在一起。它不仅仅是一个固定的特征，而是一个由我们的遗产和个人经历共同塑造的发展中的叙事)”可知，文化身份既有传统特征也有个人特征。故选A。 33. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“From the hieroglyphics (象形文字) of ancient Egypt to the theater of classical Greece, art has been an essential part of cultural expression and preservation. Through different mediums and techniques various societies have used art to capture their distinct cultural narratives. The ancient Egyptians employed hieroglyphics and sculptures as significant means of artistic expression. The Greeks, known for their profound contributions to art and culture, used pottery and theater to convey their societal values and beliefs, which preserve a snapshot (缩影) of their society at that time. Greek theater, which included both tragedy and comedy, was not just entertainment — it served as a group event that addressed social, political, and moral issues, fostering a collective cultural identity.(从古埃及的象形文字到古希腊的戏剧，艺术一直是文化表达和保存的重要组成部分。通过各种媒介和技术，不同的社会用艺术来捕捉他们独特的文化叙事。古埃及人使用象形文字和雕塑作为重要的艺术表达手段。希腊人以其对艺术和文化的深刻贡献而闻名，他们利用陶器和戏剧来传达他们的社会价值观和信仰，这保留了当时希腊社会的一个缩影。希腊戏剧，包括悲剧和喜剧，不仅仅是娱乐——它是一种集体活动，涉及社会、政治和道德问题，培养了集体的文化身份)”可知，第三段主要讲了古代文化是如何融入各种艺术形式的。故选D。 34. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“In this ever-developing world, art plays a critical role in preserving our cultural identity, providing a link between our past and our present, and shaping our future.(在这个不断发展的世界里，艺术在保护我们的文化身份方面发挥着关键作用，它连接着我们的过去和现在，塑造着我们的未来)”以及最后一段中“As we move further into the 21st century, the relationship between art and cultural identity continues to evolve. The future promises both challenges and opportunities for art in preserving cultural identity.(随着我们进入21世纪，艺术与文化身份的关系继续演变。未来在保护文化身份方面，艺术既面临挑战也充满机遇)”结合文章主要说明了艺术在保留文化身份方面的重要性，以及艺术与文化身份之间的关系和发展。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是强调艺术在保护文化身份方面的重要性。故选B。 Passage 7 （24-25高二下·北京延庆·期末） If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple --- eat the same food as they do. Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them. During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time. The reason is thought to be the so–called similarity attraction theory --- where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves. But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship. Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food’s role in earning trust. In a test, participants were told to watch TV --- where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble, while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked. The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too. The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions from the start.” Harley Street psychologist Dr. Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person. That means negotiations are more likely to be successful.” 28. According to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who ______. A advertises his products on TV B. has the same taste as them C. reduces the price of his products D. pays attention to the quality of his products 29. The experiments conducted by researchers at Chicago University show that ______. A. food plays an important role in earning people’s trust B. bosses like employees that have the same taste as them C. people who have similar tastes to their boss’s earn more D. people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV 30. What can be inferred from the passage? A. People who eat similar food are more likely to trust each other. B. People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things. C. The effect of wearing similar clothes hasn’t been proved by researchers. D People are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them. 31. Which of the following sayings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory? A. Honesty is the best policy. B. All good things come to an end. C. Birds of a feather flock together. D. Where there is a will, there is a way. 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. A 31. C 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲的内容是具研究表明，吃相似食物的人更容易互相信任。 28. 细节理解题。根据第一段的And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time.可知顾客很可能从和他们有相同品味的经销商那里购买产品，故选择B。 29. 推理判断题。根据第三段的Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food’s role in earning trust.可知，芝加哥大学的研究人员进行的实验表明，食物在赢得人们的信任方面扮演着重要的角色，故A选项符合文意。 30. 推理判断题。根据第一段的Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them.和第三段的Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food’s role in earning trust.可知，吃相似食物的人更容易互相信任。故选择A选项。 31. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲的内容是研究表明，吃相似食物的人更容易互相信任，可知可以作为相似性吸引理论的例子是C选项（物以类聚，物人以群分）。A.诚实乃上策；B.天下无不散之筵席；D.世上无难事，只要肯攀登。三个选项不符合题意，故C项正确。 Passage 8 （24-25高二下·北京延庆·期末） If you could change your children’s DNA in the future to protect them against diseases, would you? It could be possible because of technology known as CRISPR/Cas, or just CRISPR. CRISPR involves a piece of RNA, a chemical messenger, designed to work on one part of DNA; it also uses an enzyme that can take unwanted genes out and put new ones in, according to The Economist. There are other ways of editing DNA, but CRISPR will do it very simply, quickly, and exactly. The use of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer’s disease to cancer to AIDS. By allowing doctors to put just the right cancer- killing genes into a patient’s immune system, the technology could help greatly. In April scientists in China said they had tried using CRISPR to edit the genome (基因组) of human embryos. Though the embryos would never turn into humans, this was the first time anyone had ever tried to edit DNA from human beings. With this in mind, the US National Academy of Sciences plans to discuss questions about CRISPR’s ethics (伦理标准). For example, CRISPR doesn’t work properly yet. As well as cutting the DNA it is looking for, it often cuts other DNA, too. In addition, we currently seem to have too little understanding of what DNA gives people what qualities. There are also moral questions. Of course, medicine already stops natural things from happening—for example, it saves people from infections. The opportunities to treat diseases make it hard to say we shouldn’t keep going. A harder question is whether it is ever right to edit human cells and make changes that are passed on to children. This is banned in 40 countries and restricted in many others. However, CRISPR means that if genes can be edited out, they can also be edited back in. It may be up to us as a society to decide when and where editing the genome is wrong. Also, according to The Economist, gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children:“Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.” In the end, more research is still needed to see what we can and can’t do with CRISPR. “It’s still a huge mystery how we work,” Craig Mello, a UMass Chan Medical School biologist and Nobel Prize winner, told The Boston Globe. “We’re just trying to figure out this amazingly complicated thing we call life.” 32. According to the passage, what can we know about the technology of CRISPR? A. It is very safe because it only cuts the DNA it is looking for. B. It could make parents make unwise choices for their children. C. It is forbidden in most countries and restricted in many others. D. It could help us discover the link between DNA and the qualities it gives people. 33. What is the author’s attitude towards CRISPR? A. Supportive. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Worried. 34. What is the passage mainly about? A. What we can and can’t do with CRISPR. B. How CRISPR was developed by scientists. C. The advantages of CRISPR and arguments about its ethics. D. Scientists’ experiments of using CRISPR to edit human embryos. 【答案】32. B 33. B 34. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了CRISPR技术的优势及其引发的伦理争议。 32. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Also, according to The Economist, gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: “Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.”(此外，据《经济学人》报道，基因编辑可能意味着父母做出的选择并不明显符合孩子的最大利益：“失聪的父母可能也希望自己的孩子失聪；父母可能不惜一切代价想让自己的孩子更聪明。”)”可知，CRISPR技术可能会使父母为孩子做出不明智的选择。故选B。 33. 推理判断题。文章既介绍了CRISPR技术在治疗疾病方面的优势，如第三段“cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer’s disease to cancer to AIDS (能研发出从阿尔茨海默病到癌症再到艾滋病的治疗方法)”，也讨论了其存在的伦理和道德问题，如第四段“CRISPR doesn’t work properly yet (CRISPR目前还不能正常工作)”，第五段“There are also moral questions. (也有道德问题)”等，作者客观地呈现了该技术的正反两面，态度是客观的。故选B。 34. 主旨大意题。文章首先介绍了CRISPR技术的原理和潜在优势，然后重点讨论了该技术引发的伦理争议，包括技术安全性、人类基因编辑的道德问题以及父母可能为孩子做出不明智选择等。因此，文章的主要内容是关于CRISPR技术的优势和围绕其产生的伦理争议。故选C。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解（议论文） 参考答案 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·北京海淀·期末） 【答案】29. B 30. A 31. C 32. D Passage 2 （24-25高二下·北京朝阳·期末） 【答案】41. A 42. B 43. D 44. B Passage 3 （24-25高二下·北京丰台·期末） 【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A Passage 4 （24-25高二下·北京石景山·期末） 【答案】28. D 29. A 30. D Passage 5 （24-25高二下·北京顺义·期末） 【答案】27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C Passage 6 （24-25高二下·北京通州·期末） 【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B Passage 7 （24-25高二下·北京延庆·期末） 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. A 31. C Passage 8 （24-25高二下·北京延庆·期末） 【答案】32. B 33. B 34. C 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $