江苏省南京市中考题型组合练（小完形填空5篇+阅读理解10篇+书面表达5篇）-2026年中考英语热点话题题型专练

**基本信息** 聚焦中考题型组合，通过小完形、阅读、写作三维训练，系统提升语言能力与文化意识，强化解题思维与应试技巧。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |小完形填空|5篇|考查语法应用与词汇辨析，主题涵盖人口、文化等|从基础语法到语篇理解，构建"词汇-语法-语境"逻辑链| |阅读理解|10篇|包含科技、文化、故事等多样文本，设细节、推理等题型|从信息获取到文化解读，培养批判性思维与跨文化意识| |书面表达|5篇|涉及书信、征文等应用文体，强调内容连贯与情感表达|从结构搭建到内容拓展，提升语言输出与文化传播能力|

江苏省南京市中考题型组合练 (小完形填空5篇+阅读理解10篇+书面表达5篇) 一、小完形填空 According to a recent report from the UN, the world’s population continues 1 . It can reach 8.9 billion in the future. But during the past 10 years or so, a large rapid drop (下降) in the world’s birth rate (出生率) has taken place. Families are smaller now than 2 they were a few years ago. It’s happening in both developing and developed countries. China has already cut its rate of population growth by almost one half since the 1970s. Most Chinese families were allowed to have 3 one child. And the hope was 4 a zero population growth rate by 2035. Several countries in Europe already have a negative (负) growth rate. Experts said that these countries would not have enough workers in the future, and the people who were working would face much 5 taxes (税) to support the growing retirees (退休人员). 1．A．grow B．to grow C．growing D．grown 2．A．what B．how C．that D．不填 3．A．no less than B．at least C．at best D．no more than 4．A．reach B．reaching C．to reach D．for reaching 5．A．big B．bigger C．high D．higher 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了根据联合国最新报告，世界人口持续增长，但近十年来全球出生率却大幅下降，家庭规模变小，中国和部分欧洲国家面临人口增长放缓甚至负增长的挑战，并由此带来税收压力等问题。 【详解】1．句意：根据联合国最新报告，世界人口持续增长。 continue to do sth.“持续做某事”，固定搭配，表示继续做另一件事。to grow“增长”符合语境，grow为原形不能直接跟在continue后，growing（continue doing强调同一动作的延续，此处不如to grow贴切），grown为过去分词语义不通。 1．句意：现在的家庭比几年前更小了。 than they were a few years ago是比较状语从句，句子结构完整，than在从句中作表语（they were small），不需要再加连接词，不填符合语境。what、how、that均多余。 2．句意：大多数中国家庭被允许只生一个孩子。 上文“cut its rate of population growth by almost one half”表明中国严格控制生育，no more than“仅仅、只有”符合语境，no less than“不少于”、at least“至少”和at best“充其量”均与控制生育的语境不符。 3．句意：希望到2035年能达到零人口增长率。 the hope was to do sth.“希望是做某事”，不定式作表语表示目的或期望，to reach“达到”符合语境，reach为原形不能直接作表语，reaching和for reaching语法不通。 4．句意：在岗的人将面临更高的税收来供养不断增加的退休人员。 much修饰比较级，形容税收高低应用high/low，high的比较级higher“更高的”符合语境，big“大的”不用于修饰税收。 The Strait of Hormuz (霍尔木兹海峡) is a narrow but very important waterway. It lies between Iran (伊朗) and Oman (阿曼), and is only about 1 at its narrowest point. It is the only sea route that connects the Persian Gulf (波斯湾) to the Indian Ocean, making it a key path 2 world trade. This strait is often called the world’s most important “energy throat.” It carries over 20% of the world’s oil that moves by sea, 3 a lot of natural gas. These resources mainly go to countries in Asia and Europe, helping to run their industries and homes. Because it is so narrow and busy, keeping it open and safe is very important for the world’s energy supply. Recently, problems in the area have shown how easily things can change. When tensions rise, fewer ships dare to pass through. With fewer ships, the global supply of oil and gas goes 4 . This leads to higher energy prices around the world, which means people pay more for electricity and fuel. Experts say that if the strait faces a big problem, it could cause serious energy shortages for many countries. In short, the Strait of Hormuz makes a big difference to the world’s energy. What happens there affects the global economy, 5 us just how special and important this narrow waterway is. 1．A．33 kilometers’ wide B．33-kilometer wide C．33 kilometers in width D．33-kilometer in width 2．A．for B．as C．to D．forward 3．A．as well as B．as good as C．as much as D．as long as 4．A．on B．off C．down D．up 5．A．shows B．is showing C．showing D．have shown 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了霍尔木兹海峡的地理位置、作为“能源咽喉”的重要性，以及其对全球能源供应和经济的影响。 【详解】6．句意：它位于伊朗和阿曼之间，最窄处的宽度仅约33公里。 33 kilometers’ wide表达结构错误；33-kilometer wide复合形容词用法不规范；33-kilometer in width结构错误；33 kilometers in width是描述宽度的标准正确表达，符合语法和语境。 1．句意：它是连接波斯湾与印度洋的唯一海上通道，使其成为国际贸易的关键通道。 for用于表示对象和用途，a key path for world trade表示“国际贸易的关键通道”；as（作为）、to（朝向）、forward（向前）均不符合此处搭配。 2．句意：它承载了全球超过 20% 的海上石油运输，以及大量天然气。 as well as表示“以及、和”，用于连接并列的oil和natural gas，符合语境；as good as（几乎和……一样）、as much as（多达）、as long as（只要）均不符合此处并列逻辑。 3．句意：随着通行船只减少，全球油气供应下降。 根据上下文逻辑，通过海峡的船只减少会导致油气供应下降，因此用goes down（下降）；goes on（继续）、goes off（离开/变质）、goes up（上升）均与后文“价格上涨”的逻辑矛盾。 4．句意：那里发生的事情影响着全球经济，向我们展示了这条狭窄水道是多么特殊和重要。 此处用现在分词showing作伴随状语，表示主句动作同时伴随的结果，符合语法结构。 In the Jinling Library in Nanjing, there is a special corner 1 “The Slow Reading Club”. Members meet once a week to read books without any rush. Unlike online reading where people often skip lines or jump between pages, slow reading encourages readers to think deeply about every sentence. Mr. Zhang, a 45-year-old teacher, has been a member for two years. “Before 2 the club, I spent almost no time reading because of my busy work,” he said. “Now I realize that reading slowly helps me understand the author’s real feelings.” The club has a simple rule: no phones, no computers, just books and quiet minds. Many members say 3 their reading speed hasn’t improved, but they care more about the joy of understanding. A recent survey found that slow readers remember details 4 than fast readers. So, if you want to get more out of your books, try to slow down. It may feel strange 5 , but you will soon discover a new world between the lines. 1．A．called B．calling C．call D．to call 2．A．joined in B．join C．joining in D．joining 3．A．whether B．/ C．that D．B&C 4．A．well B．more better C．much better D．the best 5．A．at last B．at first C．in the end D．at the end 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍南京金陵图书馆的“慢读俱乐部”，阐述慢读的特点、成员感受及相关调查，倡导慢读能收获更深理解。 1．句意：在南京金陵图书馆，有一个被称为“慢读俱乐部”的特殊角落。 corner与call之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。应填called。 2．句意：在加入俱乐部之前，因为工作忙碌我几乎没时间阅读。 此处指“加入”俱乐部，Before是介词，后接动名词形式joining。 3．句意：许多成员说，他们的阅读速度没有提高，但他们更在意理解的乐趣。 say后接宾语从句，陈述事实可用that引导，口语中that常可省略，选项B和C均正确。 4．句意：最近的一项调查发现，慢读者比快读者记住细节要好得多。 than提示用比较级，much可修饰比较级表示程度，better是well的比较级。应填much better 。 5．句意：起初这可能感觉奇怪，但你很快会发现字里行间的新世界。 根据后文soon可知，前后形成时间对比，此处表示“起初”，用at first。 In traditional Chinese performing arts, there are many classic roles, like sheng, dan, jing, mo and chou. Most people usually pay little attention to chou. However, it is a very important part in traditional Chinese operas. The reason is 1 it joins beauty and ugliness together perfectly. In the past, the chou performer was the first one to get 2 and have his make-up done. Usually, there are two kinds of chou on the stage, wen chou and wu chou. Wen chou often has a white patch (小块) painted 3 his nose and takes the roles of fisherman, boatman, servant and so on. The other kind is wu chou. Wu chou performers often wear tight clothing (紧身衣) and move quickly. They are good at martial arts (武术) and can jump several meters high. Chou performers often make people laugh by their spoken parts and 4 , instead of singing skills. Whether they look ugly or beautiful, whether the roles they play are officials or thieves on the stage, chou roles are all humorous characters in funny faces. They use the roles of chou to bring out the good qualities in people. Maybe it is the charm (魅力) of traditional Chinese operas. Next time, when you 5 a traditional Chinese opera, you can probably understand the different beauty behind it. 1．A．what B．how C．that D．why 2．A．dress B．dressing C．to dress D．dressed 3．A．in B．around C．on D．with 4．A．body language B．body languages C．body’s language D．body’s languages 5．A．enjoyed B．are enjoying C．will enjoy D．would enjoy 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了中国传统戏曲中“丑”角的独特魅力，丑角将美与丑完美结合，通过幽默的表演为观众带来欢乐，是戏曲中不可或缺的重要角色。 1．句意：原因是它完美地将美与丑结合在一起。 空格引导表语从句，说明“reason”的具体内容，从句结构完整，应用that引导。that引导表语从句且在从句中不作成分，符合语法。 2．句意：在过去，丑角是第一个穿上戏服、化好妆的人。 dressed是过去分词，get dressed是固定搭配，意为“穿上衣服”。 3．句意：文丑通常鼻子上画着一块白色的小块，并扮演渔夫、船夫、仆人等角色。 白色小块“画在”鼻子上，应用介词on表示位置。on意为“在……上面”，符合语境。 4．句意：丑角常常通过念白和肢体语言来逗乐观众，而不是歌唱技巧。 body language意为“肢体语言”，是不可数名词，无复数形式。 5．句意：下次当你欣赏中国传统戏曲时，你或许就能理解它背后不同的美了。 when引导的时间状语从句中，可以用现在进行时表将来，are enjoying是现在进行时，此处可表示将来发生的动作。 When people think of Peking opera, they often imagine an old person sitting in a chair and enjoying the music of Peking opera. However, in recent years, Peking opera, along with 1 traditional arts, has been introduced into classrooms as a way to protect traditional Chinese culture. Peking Opera used to sound strange to Dou Yi. The 14-year-old girl said whenever she found Peking Opera on TV, she didn’t feel interested in it at all. Instead, she would change to another programme 2 she enjoyed more. But since she entered junior high school, she 3 Peking Opera in music class every week. “At first, we felt 4 really hard to learn some musical notes (音符), and we often laughed,” said Dou. But now she would watch Peking Opera on TV. “I learn a lot of history from the operas,” Dou’s classmate Yang Ning said. “When you learn more about it, you’ll understand it more. I have already felt the beauty of Peking Opera. It will be a great pity 5 it disappears! I really hope more people can take the time to explore and enjoy Peking Opera.” 1．A．another B．the other C．other D．others 2．A．who B．that C．what D．why 3．A．studied B．studies C．is studying D．has studied 4．A．us B．our C．it D．its 5．A．unless B．if C．although D．so 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了近年来京剧等传统艺术被引入课堂保护中国传统文化，并通过学生的故事展示了他们对京剧从不感兴趣到逐渐理解和喜爱的过程。 1．句意：然而，近年来，京剧和其他传统艺术一起被引入课堂，作为保护中国传统文化的一种方式。 another又一，另一；the other（两者中）另一个；other其他的；others其他人。根据“traditional arts”可知，此处指其他的传统艺术，other后接名词复数。故选C。 2．句意：相反，她会转到另一个她更喜欢的节目。 who谁；that引导从句时，无实义；what什么；why为什么。根据“Instead, she would change to another programme ... she enjoyed more. ”可知，此句是一个定语从句，先行词为物，故关系词应用that。故选B。 3．句意：但自从她进入初中以来，她每周都在音乐课上学习京剧。 studied学习，过去式；studies动词的第三人称单数；is studying现在进行时；has studied现在完成时。根据“since she entered junior high school”可知，since从句通常与现在完成时连用。故选D。 4．句意：起初，我们觉得学一些音符真的很难，我们经常笑。 us我们；our我们的；it它；its它的。根据“we felt ... really hard to learn some musical notes (音符)”可知，此处要用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式；feel it adj.+to do sth.“感觉做某事是……的”。故选C。 5．句意：如果它消失了，那将是一个巨大的遗憾！ unless除非；if如果；although尽管；so因此。根据“It will be a great pity ... it disappears!”可知，后一句是前一句的条件，此处要用if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果京剧消失了，将会是一个巨大的遗憾”。故选B。 二、阅读理解 Imagine you just finished a hard hike to the top of a mountain. The view of the city below is beautiful, and you want to take a photo. But it’s already quite dark, and you’re not sure you’ll get a good shot. Luckily, your phone has an AI night mode. It can take great photos even after sunset. Here’s something you may not know: that night mode may have been trained on computer-made nighttime images—scenes that were never actually photographed. This kind of data is called synthetic data. Why use synthetic data? AI researchers use up all the real data on the internet, so they turn to synthetic data. But this creates a problem. In science, making up data is a very bad thing. So how can computer-made data be good? Is it just a nice word for lying? As a researcher, I think it comes down to why you do it and how open you are about it. Synthetic data is usually not made to cheat. In fact, using it can be the right thing to do. For example, showing real people’s faces can violate privacy, but computer-made faces offer the same benefits without that risk. There are other reasons. Some things are so rare that there isn’t enough real data. Instead of letting this become a big problem, researchers create those situations with computers. Also, collecting real data can be costly or dangerous. Imagine collecting data for a self-driving car during a storm. It’s much easier and safer to create such data with computers. How is synthetic data made? Researchers create synthetic data in two main ways. One method uses physics-based models—for example, using the laws of light to show how a scene would look. The other method uses AI that learns from real data and then creates new, realistic text, images, and videos. Is synthetic data perfect? Synthetic data is not perfect. It is only as good as the model it comes from. Researchers have to be careful about biases—unfair patterns in the data. It is also important to know the difference between computer-made data and the real world. Synthetic data is great for training AI, but the final system should be tested with real data before it is used. AI systems learn by finding patterns, but they cannot tell what is real or true. The desire for truth belongs to people, not machines. So next time you use a cool AI feature, remember: synthetic data may have helped train it. But reality is still the final judge of what we create. 1．Why does the writer begin the passage with the example of taking a photo on a dark mountain top? A．To explain how AI night mode works in detail. B．To show that hiking is a popular outdoor activity. C．To lead into the topic of synthetic data used in AI training. D．To prove that phone cameras are better than professional ones. 2．What is synthetic data according to the passage? A．Information is stored in AI night modes. B．Data collected from real-life situations. C．Man-made data was used to train AI systems. D．Real photos taken by phones in dark places. 3．How does the writer mainly support his opinion about synthetic data? A．By arguing real data is bad. B．By showing its uses and limits. C．By listing AI models using it. D．By comparing it with real data. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Why AI Will Soon Replace Human Judgment B．The Privacy Problems of Using Real Face Data C．How AI Night Mode Helps You Take Photos in the Dark D．Synthetic Data Is Useful but Still Needs Real-World Checks 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了什么是“合成数据”，为什么要使用它，以及它目前存在的局限性，旨在让读者客观认识这一人工智能领域的关键训练技术。 【详解】26．第一段描述了在黑暗山顶拍照的场景，第二段紧接着指出：“This kind of data is called synthetic data.”。作者利用生活中常见的手机AI夜间拍照功能作为切入点，是为了引出下文关于“合成数据”及其在AI训练中应用的话题。 1．第二段对该术语进行了定义：“…computer-made nighttime images—scenes that were never actually photographed. This kind of data is called synthetic data.”。这明确说明合成数据是由计算机生成的、用于训练AI系统的非真实拍摄数据。 2．文章在“Why use synthetic data?”部分介绍了其在隐私保护、稀有数据模拟和安全性方面的优势，在“Is synthetic data perfect?”部分则指出了其偏见和局限性。通过展示其用途和局限，作者全面地支持了自己对合成数据的观点。 3．文章大部分篇幅在讨论合成数据的必要性，但第七段强调：“Synthetic data is not perfect…the final system should be tested with real data before it is used.”。选项D“合成数据很有用但仍需现实检验”精准且高度概括了文章既肯定价值又指出不足的中心思想。 Experts say that, among young Internet users, it’s not the boys who create most web content. The pioneers of the Internet at the moment are the girls. According to Jenny Baker, whose hobbies are designing icons, layouts and “glitters”, most boys just aren’t patient enough for blogging, uploading photographs, and creating their own websites. Jenny posts her designs or pictures on her own website, and believes that most boys don’t often have their own sites. She thinks it’s mainly girls. And Jenny is right. A study shows that, among Internet users aged 12 to 17, a lot more girls blog than boys (35 percent of girls compared with 20 percent of boys). A lot more girls also work on their own web pages (32 percent of girls compared with 22 percent of boys). Girls are also ahead of boys in working on websites for other people. Girls also seem to be more active in creating their own web business. Some of them have their own teenage podcasts (播客) which have become very successful and sometimes the creators have their own TV shows too. When asked what they think about the study that shows girls are more active on the web, they say that they’re not surprised because girls are very creative, and sometimes more creative than boys. Other girls have started interactive e-zines (electronic magazines) with articles written for girls by girls. “Girls from everywhere read our articles, and they ask lots of questions,” they say. “I think girls like to help other people more.” One expert said: “If boys were more interested in helping other people, the numbers would be different.” But if girls are more enthusiastic about computers, why do women only have 27 percent of computer-related jobs? Maybe this will change in the future—after all, girls like these will be in the job market before too long. 1．What type of writing is this passage? A．A story. B．A report. C．A notice. D．A survey. 2．Why do experts say girls are the pioneers of the Internet? A．Fewer boys are going to do computer-related jobs. B．Girls seem to be more patient and active on the web. C．Girls are always more creative than boys on the web. D．More boys blog and work on their own web pages than girls. 3．Which of the following is the writer’s opinion? A．Boys are more interested in helping other people. B．22 percent of boys work on their own web pages. C．Some of the girls have their own teenage podcasts. D．More girls will do computer-related jobs in the future. 4．What might be the best title for this passage? A．The Age of Girls on the Internet B．Some creations of web content C．Changes in girls’ future jobs D．Differences between boys and girls 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇报告，主要介绍了在年轻互联网用户中，女孩比男孩更积极地创作网络内容、经营博客、网页甚至网络生意，并探讨了这种现象及其未来可能带来的职业市场变化。 【详解】30．第一段至第六段通过引用专家观点、研究数据、人物访谈等多种方式呈现事实和信息，属于客观性较强的报告文体。 1．第一段指出女孩是互联网的先锋；第二段Jenny Baker认为男孩不够耐心；第三段研究数据显示女孩在博客和网页制作上比例更高；第四段提到女孩更活跃、更有创造力。综合判断，专家认为女孩更耐心、更活跃。 2．第六段最后一句“Maybe this will change in the future—after all, girls like these will be in the job market before too long.”是作者对未来趋势的推测和看法，属于主观观点。 3．全文围绕女孩在互联网内容创作中的主导地位展开，强调“女孩的互联网时代”。 Volleyball In volleyball, two teams of six players each stand on opposite sides of a net (网). They score point s if the ball goes over the net and hits the floor inside the play area of the other team. Steps:①Stand in the ready position, with feet a little wider than shoulders. ②Remain in this way you stand, ▲ , and then move your feet as needed so that you stand under the path of the ball. ③Bring your hitting arm up towards the ball so that you are hitting with the inside of your arm. ④Keep your eyes on the ball, making contact with your arm. ⑤Follow the ball through the air, bringing your opposite arm towards the ball, then repeat steps 2-4. Challenge: Keepie Uppy ● With a partner, practise keeping the volleyball in the air using only one arm at a time. ● How many touches can you both make before the volleyball touches the ground? ● Count how many passes you can make in 30 seconds, 60 seconds, etc. Developing the skill of single arm touches is a great way to develop ball control when passing a volleyball. 1．How can players score points in volleyball? A．By touching the net with the ball. B．By standing on the opposite side of the net. C．By keeping the ball in the air with one arm. D．By landing the ball in the opposite play area. 2．What can “Keepie Uppy” mainly help develop? A．Ball control. B．Running speed. C．Personal qualities. D．Communication skills. 3．According to the passage, which is the most suitable for ▲ ? A．keep both arms straight B．keep feet as wide as shoulders C．keep your knees from being straight D．run with the ball 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了排球的得分规则、垫球步骤，以及名为“Keepie Uppy”的排球练习活动。 1．第一段说明排球得分规则：“They score points if the ball goes over the net and hits the floor inside the play area of the other team.”，这直接说明当球落在对方场地内时即可得分。 2． “Challenge: Keepie Uppy”部分最后一句说明：“Developing the skill of single arm touches is a great way to develop ball control when passing a volleyball.”，因此这项练习主要帮助提升控球能力。 3．空格位于垫球步骤②，结合前文步骤①可知，准备姿势为双脚比肩膀稍宽，步骤②要求保持该站姿，因此“keep knees from being straight（保持膝盖弯曲）”是最符合动作逻辑的描述。 “The hound!” Holmes cried suddenly. “Come, Watson! Come!” We ran quickly across the dark moor. A final, desperate scream broke the quiet, and then came a dull, heavy sound. The night fell deathly silent. Holmes pressed his hands to his forehead and stamped his feet in frustration. “We are too late,” he said in a low voice, angrily. Suddenly, we heard a low moan. A man was lying on the rocks. As we walked closer, we saw the dead body of Sir Henry Baskerville. He was wearing his brown tweed suit. “Oh no!” I cried out, feeling my blood run cold. Holmes knelt quickly beside the body, and then suddenly he began laughing. “A beard!” he said. “This isn’t Sir Henry—it’s Selden, the escaped prisoner!” The truth hit me at once. Sir Henry had given his old clothes to Barrymore, who had secretly passed them to Selden. “The suit killed him,” Holmes said quietly. “Someone gave the hound Sir Henry’s scent—probably the stolen boot from the London hotel—and it hunted the wrong man.” Suddenly, we saw someone walking towards us. It was Stapleton. Holmes whispered: “Don’t let him see your suspicions.” “Dr Watson!” Stapleton asked, in surprise. “What brings you out here at this hour? I heard a strange noise and came to check on Sir Henry.” He saw the body and froze. “Is that him?” “It’s Selden,” I said. “He’s dead.” Stapleton tried to overcome his amazement and disappointment, “Terrible,” he murmured. “I feared the worst for Sir Henry.” “Sir Henry is safe,” Holmes said coldly. Stapleton then recognized him and smiled nervously. “Mr Holmes! I didn’t know you were here. Can you solve the mystery of the Hound of the Baskervilles?” Holmes shrugged. “We cannot solve every mystery. Anyway, I’ll return to London tomorrow.” With that, we left for Baskerville Hall, leaving Stapleton to walk home alone. Poor Selden lay still on the rocks. — Adapted from The Hound of the Baskervilles 1．How does the writer create the atmosphere (氛围) in Paragraphs 1~2? A．By describing the characters’ warm feelings. B．By describing the quiet and safe environment. C．By using short, quick actions and sudden sounds. D．By showing long conversations between the characters. 2．Which of the following is the correct order of the story? a. Stapleton pretended to care about Sir Henry. b. The hound got Sir Henry’s scent from his boot. c. Holmes laughed after kneeling beside the dead body. d. Watson realized why the hound hunted the wrong man. e. Holmes whispered to Watson not to let Stapleton see their suspicions. A．b-d-c-a-e B．b-c-d-e-a C．c-b-e-d-a D．c-d-b-a-e 3．Why did Holmes laugh suddenly after kneeling beside the dead body? A．He felt relaxed because Sir Henry was safe. B．He felt surprised to find a beard on the dead man. C．He was proud that he found the escaped prisoner at last. D．He was happy that the mystery of the hound was solved. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the underlined sentences in the second-to-last paragraph? A．Holmes lost confidence in solving the case. B．Holmes only pretended to give up the case. C．Holmes was too tired to continue the case. D．Holmes thought it was not an important case. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文为小说节选，讲述福尔摩斯与华生深夜在荒原发现尸体，识破误杀真相并巧妙应对嫌疑人的经过。 1．第一二段描绘场景：“Holmes cried suddenly”和“We ran quickly across the dark moor. A final, desperate scream broke the quiet”，借助急促动作与突发声响渲染紧张压抑的氛围。 2．文章情节依次推进：先交代猎犬借助靴子沾染亨利爵士气味，对应b；接着福尔摩斯查看尸体后发笑，对应c；随后华生明白猎犬认错目标的缘由，对应d；之后福尔摩斯叮嘱华生隐藏怀疑，对应e；最后斯台普顿假意关心亨利爵士，对应a，完整顺序为b-c-d-e-a。 3．第四段交代细节：“Holmes knelt quickly beside the body, and then suddenly he began laughing. ‘A beard!’ he said. ‘This isn’t Sir Henry—it’s Selden’”，体现福尔摩斯发现死者并非亨利爵士、对方留有胡须后，因爵士安然无恙而放松发笑。 4．倒数第二段刻画言行：“We cannot solve every mystery. Anyway, I’ll return to London tomorrow”，结合福尔摩斯警惕谨慎的人物特点，能看出他故意假意放弃案件、迷惑凶手。 Cockroaches (蟑螂) can go where humans cannot. They are famously tough and can survive weeks without food or water. These qualities make them perfect for life-saving missions. That’s why a team from the University of Osaka in Japan and Diponegoro University in Indonesia are trying to turn cockroaches into cyborgs (半机器人). Their research was published in Soft Robotics. A cyborg is a living creature with some robotic parts that improve its bodily functions. ? You simply need to combine nature with tech, the researchers say. Cockroaches are good at moving in small spaces. What about having these tiny creatures carry a high-tech “backpack”? The equipment could act like a remote control for the insect. “Creating a robot is not easy,” explains lead author Mochammad Ariyanto. Cyborg cockroaches cost less. These insects exist in large numbers, after all. And they come with their own ready-made “operating system”. Even the most advanced robots may break down while moving. That’s especially true when it comes to vertical (垂直的) movement. A simple staircase can be a challenge for many robots. Besides, it can be difficult for regular robots to move in small spaces. But cockroaches can climb walls and get into tight gaps. To test their idea, the team put some new tools on the cockroaches. Sensors were placed on their backs to collect data about the environment. Researchers also implanted electrodes (植入电极) on the antennae and body. These electrodes help to guide the insects. When they get lost, the electrodes send signals to direct them in the right direction. Scientists then put the cyborg cockroaches in an obstacle course (障碍训练场). They gave them just a few directional signals. These cockroaches did most of the work themselves to reach their objective. They climbed over obstacles and even flipped back over when they fell. These bug-bots could be the future of disaster search and rescue. After earthquakes, for example, they can get into tiny spaces to find survivors. They can also send back important data from places too risky for humans to go. If you are worried, these tasks won’t harm the cockroaches. Robotic parts are designed to be easily removed once the mission ends. That means the insect can return to normal life without long-term side effects. 1．Which question is the most suitable for ? A．Is it easy to make a cyborg cockroach B．How do you make a cyborg cockroach C．Where do you make a cyborg cockroach D．What do you need for a cyborg cockroach 2．What advantage do cyborg cockroaches have over regular robots? A．They finish the task much more quickly. B．They become smarter with the robotic parts. C．They needn’t change the battery during the task. D．They can climb walls and get into tight gaps. 3．What is the purpose of the obstacle course test on the cyborg cockroaches? A．To collect information for future search and rescue work. B．To prove the scientists’ choice of cockroaches is correct. C．To see if they can finish the difficult task by themselves. D．To compare their performance with that of regular robots. 4．Why does the author mention that the robotic parts can be easily removed in the last paragraph? A．To prove that these insects are easy to control. B．To show the scientists respect the life of every insect. C．To describe how this scientific experiment is carried out. D．To tell how advanced the technology is in this experiment. 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．Cockroaches as Cyborg Helpers. B．How to Make a Cyborg Cockroach. C．Robots versus Cyborg Cockroaches. D．Building Robots for Disaster Rescue. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了日本和印度尼西亚的科研团队试图将蟑螂变成半机器人，用于救生任务，介绍了半机器人蟑螂的特点、优势、测试情况以及相关保障等内容。 1．第三段提到“You simply need to combine nature with tech, the researchers say. Cockroaches are good at moving in small spaces. What about having these tiny creatures carry a high - tech ‘backpack’? The equipment could act like a remote control for the insect.”，这些内容是在说明制作半机器人蟑螂的方式，即把自然和技术相结合，让蟑螂携带高科技“背包”等，所以“How do you make a cyborg cockroach”这个问题最适合放在此处。 2．第五段指出“Even the most advanced robots may break down while moving. That’s especially true when it comes to vertical (垂直的) movement. A simple staircase can be a challenge for many robots. Besides, it can be difficult for regular robots to move in small spaces. But cockroaches can climb walls and get into tight gaps.”，说明普通机器人在垂直移动和在小空间移动方面有困难，而蟑螂可以爬墙、进入狭窄缝隙。 3．第六段提到“Scientists then put the cyborg cockroaches in an obstacle course (障碍训练场). They gave them just a few directional signals. These cockroaches did most of the work themselves to reach their objective.”，表明把半机器人蟑螂放在障碍训练场，给少量方向信号，看它们能否自己完成大部分工作到达目标，即看它们能否自己完成困难任务。 4．最后一段提到“If you are worried, these tasks won’t harm the cockroaches. Robotic parts are designed to be easily removed once the mission ends. That means the insect can return to normal life without long - term side effects.”，说明提到机器人部件可轻松移除是为了表明这些任务不会伤害蟑螂，体现了科学家尊重每一只昆虫的生命。 5．文章主要围绕将蟑螂变成半机器人用于救生任务展开，介绍了半机器人蟑螂在救生方面的作用等，“Cockroaches as Cyborg Helpers”能很好地概括文章主旨。 The more I explored, the more puzzled I became. The buildings were large and well-built, but there were no machines or tools anywhere. The little creatures wore fine clothes, but there were no tailors and no shops. No one did any work. They spent their time playing, bathing in the river, eating, and sleeping. I could not understand how the place continued to work. Who did the work? Where were the factories and kitchens? I began to think about the pedestal. Why was my machine inside it? And what was happening at the bottom of the deep wells? I needed someone to explain these matters to me. Very soon, I found someone. It was on my fourth day in this strange place. I was walking along the path by the river when one of the little people fell in. I could see that she — I felt like it was a female — could not swim. To my surprise, none of the other little creatures showed any interest in her. They were letting her drown. I quickly took off my clothes and dove into the river. I swam toward the little woman and pulled her toward the river bank and onto the path. I left her there. I did not expect gratitude. However, I was wrong. In the afternoon, she ran up to me and gave me a bunch of flowers. She kissed my hands. We sat down and talked as much as we were able. She told me her name was Weena. This was the beginning of a friendship. Sadly, it lasted only a week. During this time, she followed me everywhere. She was like a child that will not leave the side of her mother. Even at night, she wanted to be with me. I realized that her fear was not of being alone at night. She was afraid of the dark. They were all afraid of the dark. As soon as night came, they all went into the halls and stayed together until morning.” — Taken from The Time Machine 1．What puzzled the time traveler? A．He couldn’t find his time machine. B．He wondered who did the work. C．He couldn’t see any of his friends. D．He couldn’t know where he was. 2．Why did the man jump into the river? A．Because he wanted to swim for fun. B．Because he wanted to catch a creature. C．Because he fell into the river by accident. D．Because he wanted to save Weena from water. 3．According to the passage, Which is the right order of the events? a. The man feels puzzled for no one works. b. Weena gives the man a bunch of flowers. c. The man saves Weena from a river bravely. d. The man talks to Weena and knows her name. A．c-b-a-d B．a-c-b-d C．b-a-c-d D．a-c-d-b 4．What can we infer about the other creatures? A．They can’t swim, either. B．They are too afraid to help. C．They don’t help each other in danger. D．They wait for the man to save her. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，节选自《时间机器》，讲述了时间旅行者在陌生世界中的经历：他因当地无人工作却维持运转而感到困惑，在河边救了落水的小人Weena，两人建立了友谊，并发现当地生物都害怕黑暗。 【详解】46．文章第一段“I could not understand how the place continued to work. Who did the work? Where were the factories and kitchens?”表明，时间旅行者疑惑的是谁在做这些工作。 1．文章第三段“I could see that she — I felt like it was a female — could not swim. To my surprise, none of the other little creatures showed any interest in her. They were letting her drown. I quickly took off my clothes and dove into the river. I swam toward the little woman and pulled her toward the river bank and onto the path.”表明，男人跳进河里是为了救Weena。 2．根据文章发展顺序：首先第一段提到旅行者对没人工作感到困惑（a）；然后第三段提到第四天他救了Weena（c）；接着第四段提到下午Weena送花给他（b）；最后他们交谈并得知名字（d）。因此正确顺序是a-c-b-d。 3．文章第三段“To my surprise, none of the other little creatures showed any interest in her. They were letting her drown.”表明，其他生物在同伴遇到危险时，没有提供任何帮助，由此可推断它们在危险中不会互相帮助。 Have you ever wondered if you see the same colors as other people? Most people know what blue is when they see it. They see the color and call it “blue” because they were taught the word and connected it with what they saw. But how do you know what you see as blue isn’t someone else’s red? The ability to see colors depends on the receptors (感受器) in our eyes. Light waves hit these receptors which will send information to the brain. The brain then deals with the information to make sure which color light the eyes are receiving. Some people’s receptors are more developed than others’. People with weaker receptors usually have color blindness. That the receptor can’t translate the light waves correctly means some people cannot tell different shades (色度) of a color. In the past, most scientists argued that everyone saw colors in the same way. However, research was done on monkeys. They were injected (注射) with a virus (病毒) to influence their receptors. This made them understand more about colors than usual and brought an interesting discovery. Normally, monkeys could only see blue and green, but the virus allowed monkeys to see red. Their brains were made to be able to understand new colors, which might mean the brains are not instinctive (本能的) to understand which color is which. This shows that our brains may get used to new information depending on what they receive during the development. Color could be a very personal experience to everyone. So, the next time you talk about your favorite color, just remember if yours is blue and your friend says red, you might be talking about the same color. What if everyone in the world likes the same color, but just uses different names for it? 1．What decides a person’s ability to see colors? A．The brain’s instinct. B．The color of light waves. C．The names of colors. D．The receptors in the eyes. 2．The underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refers to the ________. A．receptor B．research C．injection D．argument 3．From the research on monkeys, we can infer ________. A．monkeys’ brains are the same as humans’ B．humans can only see blue and green without virus C．the brain’s understanding of colors can be changed D．the virus makes monkeys see all colors in the world 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．To introduce how monkeys see colors. B．To explain why people are color blind. C．To show seeing colors can be different. D．To tell why people like different colors. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文围绕“人们看到的颜色是否相同”这一问题展开，介绍了人眼感受器对辨色能力的影响，并通过猴子实验说明大脑对颜色的理解可能会改变，进而表明看到颜色对每个人来说可能是不同的体验。 【详解】50．第二段指出决定人辨色能力的因素：“The ability to see colors depends on the receptors (感受器) in our eyes.”，说明一个人看颜色的能力取决于眼睛里的感受器。 1．第三段说明划线词“This”指代的内容：“They were injected (注射) with a virus (病毒) to influence their receptors. This made them understand more about colors than usual and brought an interesting discovery.”，表明“这”指的是给猴子注射病毒这件事，即注射行为。 2．第三段通过猴子实验可推断出的结论：“Normally, monkeys could only see blue and green, but the virus allowed monkeys to see red. Their brains were made to be able to understand new colors, which might mean the brains are not instinctive (本能的) to understand which color is which.”，说明猴子的大脑原本只能理解蓝色和绿色，注射病毒后能理解新的颜色，由此可推断出大脑对颜色的理解是可以改变的。 3．通读全文可知，文章开篇提出“人们看到的颜色是否相同”的疑问，随后介绍辨色能力的决定因素，通过猴子实验说明大脑对颜色的理解可改变，最终得出“看到颜色对每个人来说可能是不同的体验”这一结论，核心是表明看到颜色可能是不同的。 These days, a new trend (潮流) is sweeping across China: young people visit museums not only to enjoy ancient cultural treasures, but also for tasty and cheap meals in museum canteens (便民餐厅). This mix of art and daily life is very popular among teenagers and young adults. Visiting a large museum often takes hours and makes people tired and hungry. In the past, visitors had few good food choices. Some museums only sold expensive snacks, and if they left to eat, they had to enter again or even buy a new ticket. Now many museums have opened canteens to solve this problem. Young people love these canteens for two main reasons. First, the food is affordable and delicious. Sichuan Museum offers local dishes from 3 to 12 yuan, and Anhui Museum’s set meal costs less than 30yuan. The food is clean, healthy and full of local tastes. Second, the food is connected with culture. Many museums make special dishes with cultural elements (元素). Hebei Museum has noodles shaped like the Changxin Palace Lantern, and Hunan Museum sells cute cakes like ancient bronze objects (青铜器). They are great for photos and online sharing. Opening canteens also helps museums develop better. The cheap food makes museums more friendly to common people, making visitors stay 1.5 to 2.5 hours longer. Many local people come to eat and visit the exhibitions (展览), becoming new museum fans. Museums turn from quiet places into warm cultural spaces. Of course, this trend brings small problems such as long lines and more cleaning work. Museums are solving them with online ordering and more seats. Experts say food services will not weaken museums’ cultural role, as long as museums put culture first and use food as a nice part. This creative way helps more people fall in love with culture and history easily. 1．Why do many museums open canteens? A．To sell expensive local snacks. B．To take the place of all outside restaurants. C．To make more money from food sales. D．To meet visitors’ need for food during visits. 2．Which is the correct order of the change of museums? ① Museums become warm cultural spaces. ② Museums open cheap and cultural canteens. ③ Visitors stay longer in museums. ④ Visitors feel tired and hungry with no good food choices. A．②③④① B．④②③① C．③②④① D．④③②① 3．What do experts think of food services in museums? A．They bring too many problems for museums. B．They are good if museums still put culture first. C．They make museums lose their main cultural role. D．They are more important than museum exhibitions. 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To tell people not to eat in museums. B．To teach people how to cook cultural food. C．To show how to visit museums more safely. D．To introduce a new trend of museum canteens. 5．What should museums do to develop better according to the passage? A．Close the canteens to protect cultural treasures. B．Put culture first and run good canteens properly. C．Make food the most important part of museums. D．Ask visitors to buy new tickets when they go out to eat. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国博物馆开设便民餐厅的新潮流，说明了这一现象的背景、年轻人喜爱的原因、对博物馆发展的影响，以及专家对博物馆餐饮服务的看法。 【详解】54．第二段指出“Visiting a large museum often takes hours and makes people tired and hungry... Now many museums have opened canteens to solve this problem.”，这直接说明博物馆开设食堂是为了满足游客参观期间的用餐需求。 1．文章按逻辑顺序介绍了博物馆的变化：游客参观时容易疲惫饥饿且缺乏好的餐饮，对应④；接着博物馆开设了平价又有文化特色的食堂，对应②；随后游客在博物馆停留的时间变长，对应③；最后博物馆从安静的场所变成了温暖的文化空间，对应①，因此正确顺序为④②③①。 2．最后一段提到“Experts say food services will not weaken museums’ cultural role, as long as museums put culture first and use food as a nice part.”，这说明专家认为只要博物馆始终将文化放在首位，餐饮服务就不会削弱其文化价值，反而是有益的补充。 3．全文围绕“博物馆开设便民餐厅”这一新兴潮流展开，介绍了现象、原因、影响和观点，写作目的就是向读者介绍这一结合艺术与生活的新趋势。 4．最后一段明确提到“as long as museums put culture first and use food as a nice part”，说明博物馆要想更好发展，需要坚持文化优先的原则，同时合理运营食堂。 Katherine loved numbers and counted everything around her in her town. At four, she noticed her brother Horace had trouble with his math homework. Wanting to help, she told her mother, “I want to go to school to help Horace with his math.” And then she walked to his school alone. The teacher was surprised by the little girl but let her in. With Katherine’s help, Horace solved his problems. Because of Katherine’s talent, the teacher allowed her to skip the first year of school and start the second grade. She was supported by her parents who valued education deeply, so her family moved to the Institute (学院) in 1926, where she could continue learning. Katherine was so smart that she often finished her lessons and homework early. In 1932, she graduated from high school at just 14 years old. By that time, the institute had become West Virginia State College. Katherine decided to continue studying there, but she wasn’t sure which classes to sign up for. A math professor, Clought, discovered her talent and invited her to join his class. The girl learned so quickly that the professor gave her other lessons. “You know all about geometry (几何学) with its lines and curves (曲线),” he said to her one day, “but have you ever thought about using it to calculate how things would move in outer space?” The professor drew a series of circles on the blackboard. “If this is the Earth... and this is the Sun... and the Moon... then what path would we take from here to there?” he introduced her to using geometry to calculate objects’ movement in outer space, drawing the Earth, the Sun and the Moon on the blackboard. Katherine was interested in the idea of helping humans travel to space. For her, math made the unfair world logical, and she dreamed of finding solutions to the space travel problems. Her love for numbers had lit a path toward a bright future. Historical Note: Katherine graduated with honours and started a job as a mathematician in a group called the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), where she calculated flight paths for aircraft. She calculated the flight paths for the USA’s first manned space flight, the Mercury mission, and the Apollo 11 mission, which landed the first humans on the Moon in 1969. She also worked on the Space Shuttle programme. Today, many buildings and schools are named after her. Katherine’s story has been told in books, movies and her autobiography (自传), Reaching for the Moon. 1．Why did Katherine’s teacher allow her to move up to the second grade? A．Because she showed great talent in math. B．Because she finished her lessons early. C．Because she was good at counting things. D．Because she wanted to help her brother. 2．What did Katherine do after graduation? A．She became a geometry professor at a college. B．She wrote books about math and physics knowledge. C．She worked as a mathematician, calculating flight paths for aircraft. D．She moved to a new town with her family to continue her study. 3．What can we learn about Katherine? A．She had a great influence on the chemistry field. B．She was highly respected for her excellent work. C．Professor Clougth asked her to stop studying geometry. D．She went to college with her brother Horace at the age of 14. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．What support Katherine got from others. B．Why Katherine became a famous scientist. C．What kind of help Katherine provided for her family. D．How Katherine’s love for numbers led to a space dream. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了凯瑟琳从小热爱数字，展现出数学天赋，在教授引导下将几何学应用于太空探索，最终实现太空梦想并为航天事业做出贡献的故事。 【详解】59．根据第二段第一句“Because of Katherine’s talent, the teacher allowed her to skip the first year of school and start the second grade.”结合第一段她帮助哥哥解决数学问题的背景，可知是因为她展现了数学天赋。 1．根据倒数第三段“Katherine graduated with honours and started a job as a mathematician in a group called the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), where she calculated flight paths for aircraft.”可知，她毕业后成为数学家并计算飞行路径。 2．根据最后一段“Today, many buildings and schools are named after her. Katherine’s story has been told in books, movies and her autobiography (自传), Reaching for the Moon.”可知，她的贡献被世人铭记，深受尊敬。 3．根据“Her love for numbers had lit a path toward a bright future.”及全文可知，本文讲述了凯瑟琳对数学的热爱，她从小就展现出数学天赋，在教授引导下将几何学应用于太空探索，最终实现太空梦想并为航天事业做出贡献的故事。 Paper cutting is one of the most traditional folk arts in China, which has a history of more than 1500 years. This art form is simple but full of creativity, and it has been loved by people for generations. However, with the development of modern society, paper cutting is facing the problem of being forgotten by young people. In recent years, Chinese artists and cultural workers have been trying their best to protect and inherit this precious intangible cultural heritage, and the government has also given a lot of support to the development of paper cutting art. In 2006, Chinese paper cutting was included in the first batch of China’s intangible cultural heritage list, and in 2009, it was added to UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity list. Most paper cutting works are made of red paper, because red stands for joy and good luck in Chinese culture. The tools for paper cutting are very simple—usually a pair of scissors or a carving knife. First, the artist draws the pattern on the red paper, and then cuts or carves the paper according to the pattern. The patterns of paper cutting are various, including animals, plants, figures, auspicious symbols and traditional stories. Skilled paper cutting artists can cut complex patterns without drawing them first, and their hands move quickly and accurately. Paper cutting artists not only need to have good hand skills, but also need to have a deep understanding of Chinese traditional culture. Because most paper cutting patterns are closely related to traditional customs, festivals and stories, only by understanding the cultural connotation can they create works with soul. Many paper cutting artists are also willing to teach this skill to others, hoping that more people can learn and inherit it. Zhang Li is a young paper cutting artist who has made great contributions to the inheritance of this art. She has innovated the traditional paper cutting art by combining it with modern elements, such as adding cartoon images and modern life scenes to the paper cutting patterns. She also uses different colors of paper instead of just red paper to make the works more colorful. What’s more, she has opened online courses to teach paper cutting to people all over the country. “Paper cutting is a treasure of Chinese culture. We need to make it keep up with the times so that more young people will love it,” said Zhang Li. “It’s our responsibility to pass on this traditional art to the next generation.” 1．From paragraph 1, we can know that ________. A．paper cutting has a short history in China B．paper cutting was added to UNESCO’s heritage list in 2006 C．people are trying to protect and inherit paper cutting art D．young people today love paper cutting art very much 2．We can learn the ________ of making paper cutting works from paragraph 2. A．process B．reason C．problem D．influence 3．What has Zhang Li done to innovate paper cutting art? A．She only uses red paper to make works. B．She combines it with modern elements. C．She only creates traditional patterns. D．She stops teaching paper cutting online. 4．What’s the best title for this passage? A．The History of Chinese Folk Arts B．Modern Art in China C．Protect and Inherit Paper Cutting D．How to Make Paper Cutting Works 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国传统民间艺术剪纸的历史、制作工艺、文化内涵，以及年轻艺术家张丽为传承和创新剪纸所做的努力。 【详解】63．根据第一段中“Chinese artists and cultural workers have been trying their best to protect and inherit this precious intangible cultural heritage” 可知，人们正在努力保护和传承剪纸艺术。 1．第二段详细介绍了剪纸的工具、步骤（画图案→剪刻）和成品图案，完整呈现了剪纸作品的制作过程，因此从第二段我们可以了解到剪纸的制作过程。 2．根据第四段中“She has innovated the traditional paper cutting art by combining it with modern elements, such as adding cartoon images and modern life scenes to the paper cutting patterns.” 可知，她将传统剪纸与现代元素相结合进行创新。 3．全文围绕剪纸的保护、传承与创新展开，核心主题是如何守护和传承这门传统艺术，因此Protect and Inherit Paper Cutting最贴合主旨，作标题最佳。 三、书面表达 1．假设你是李华，你的加拿大笔友Tom对中国诗歌非常感兴趣，他在邮件中问到你对“欲穷千里目，更上一层楼”的理解。请你结合自身成长的经历，给Tom回一封邮件，谈谈你对这句诗的理解，并邀请他来你校参加校园诗歌节，感受诗歌之美。 注意： 2.80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数内； 3.文中不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4.可适当增加细节，以使条理清楚、行文连贯； 5.标点正确，书面整洁。 提示词：You can enjoy a grander sight欲穷千里目 By climbing to a greater height更上一层楼 Campus Poetry Festival校园诗歌节 Dear Tom, I was so glad to receive your email. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 例文： Dear Tom, I was so glad to receive your email. The poem “You can enjoy a grander sight by climbing to a greater height” tells us that if we want to see further, we must work harder and stand higher. When I was in Grade 7, I was weak in English. I felt upset. Then I remembered this poem. I worked harder, asked teachers for help and practiced every day. Finally, I made great progress. This poem always encourages me to aim higher. I’d like to invite you to our Campus Poetry Festival. You can feel the beauty of Chinese poems. Yours, Li Hua 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：邮件，以一般现在时和一般过去时为主 明确要点：对诗句的理解、结合自身成长经历说明、邀请对方参加校园诗歌节 确定人称：第一人称（I）和第二人称（you）为主 注意事项：不得出现真实姓名和校名，需涵盖所有要点 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：已给出，回应对方邮件 主体段：解释诗句含义并分享自身成长经历 结尾段：发出邀请，表达期望 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：诗句理解 理解表达：if we want to see further, we must work harder and stand higher/we should never stop improving ourselves等 要点二：自身经历 困难情境：weak in English/felt upset/almost gave up等 行动过程：worked harder/asked for help/practiced every day/kept practicing等 最终结果：made great progress/improved a lot等 诗句作用：encourages me to aim higher/gives me strength等 要点三：邀请参加诗歌节 邀请表达：invite you to our Campus Poetry Festival/You can feel the beauty of Chinese poems there/enjoy poetry readings/learn about Chinese culture等 2．在人生的道路上，我们总会面临诸多选择：有人选择直面挫折，收获破茧成长；有人选择坚持守护，收获万物新生；有人选择理解包容，收获双向温情。校报正在以“An important choice I’ve made”为主题举行征文活动，请你根据下列写作要点写一篇短文投稿。 ● The choice you made ● The story about your choice ● The influence of your choice (how it changed you or others) 注意： 2．词数：100词左右，文章开头已给出，不计入总词数： 3．文中不得出现真实姓名、班级等信息； 4．文章必须包含所有要点，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺。 An important choice I’ve made Life is full of choices, big or small. Some are easy, while others require careful thought. Looking back, I find that an important choice I’ve made is ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 An important choice I’ve made Life is full of choices, big or small. Some are easy, while others require careful thought. Looking back, I find that an important choice I’ve made is to face difficulties bravely instead of giving up. Last term, I was weak in English and wanted to give up learning it. However, I chose to keep working hard. I got up early to memorize words every morning and listened to English songs in my free time. Whenever I met difficult problems, I asked my teachers and classmates for help. Slowly, my English improved a lot. This choice teaches me that nothing is impossible if I stick to it. It also makes me become more confident and strong-willed in my life. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意］ 确定文体：记叙文，以一般过去时为主，结尾可融入一般现在时或现在完成时表达影响。 明确要点：所作选择、选择背后的故事、选择带来的影响（如何改变自己或他人）。 确定人称：第一人称。 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名、班级等信息。 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：点明重要选择是什么。 主体段：叙述选择发生的故事背景、过程及具体行动。 结尾段：总结选择带来的积极影响，升华主题。 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：所作选择 选择方向：face difficulties bravely /keep trying instead of giving up /help a friend in need /learn a new skill /forgive someone等 要点二：选择的故事 背景：I was weak in a subject /I failed an exam /I quarreled with a friend /I wanted to quit a hobby等 具体行动：got up early to memorize words /asked teachers for help /practiced every day /apologized sincerely /kept working hard等 要点三：选择的影响 对自身：taught me that nothing is impossible /made me more confident and strong-willed /helped me grow up /improved my grades等 对他人：encouraged my friend /brought us closer /made my parents proud等 3．为推动中国文化更好地走向世界,我校下周六举办“中华文化节(Chinese Culture Festival)”活动。假设你是李华，请根据以下表格内容，给你的英国朋友Peter写一封电子邮件，向他介绍这次活动，也希望他能分享自己的文化故事。 Chinese Culture Festival Purpose tell Chinese stories, spread Chinese culture Time next Saturday Place on the playground Activities * About Chinese food (1-2 points) * About Chinese poems (1-2 points) * … Feeling … 要求：1.表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯； 2.必须包括提示中的所有信息，并按要求适当发挥； 3.词数：100左右，（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）； 4.不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。 Dear Peter, How are you doing? I’m writing to tell you about the Chinese Culture Festival in our school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I’m looking forward to hearing from you! Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 范文： Dear Peter, How are you doing? I’m writing to invite you to the Chinese Culture Festival in our school. The purpose of the festival is to tell Chinese stories and spread Chinese culture. It will take place next Saturday on the playground. During the festival, there will be different kinds of activities. Students and teachers can enjoy delicious Chinese food. Some students and teachers will read Chinese poems, from which you can learn a lot about Chinese history and excellent ancient poets. Besides, you can even wear traditional clothing like hanfu. We hope you can join us and share some stories about your own culture. I believe it will be a great opportunity for you to experience Chinese culture firsthand. I’m looking forward to hearing from you! Yours, Li Hua 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体与时态：文体是应用文（电子邮件 / 邀请信），目的是向外国朋友介绍活动并发出邀请。时态上，介绍活动安排（时间、地点、内容）用一般将来时；介绍活动目的、背景用一般现在时 明确核心要点（来自表格要求） 活动目的、活动时间、活动地点、活动内容（可拓展传统服饰体验、希望对方参与并分享文化故事，表达期待/……） 确定人称：以第一人称（I/we） 叙述，面向第二人称（you/Peter），语气友好、自然，符合朋友间写信的语境 注意事项 不得透露真实姓名、校名；词数控制在100词左右（开头结尾不计入），语法正确、上下文连贯 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构 开头段：题目已给出（点明写信目的——介绍并邀请对方参加中华文化节） 主体段： 第一层介绍活动的目的、时间、地点，完成表格的基础信息覆盖；第二层介绍活动的具体内容（美食、诗歌、汉服体验），并发出邀请，希望对方分享自己的文化故事，同时点明活动的意义（体验中国文化） 结尾段：题目已给出 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：活动目的、时间、地点（基础信息） ： take place/next Saturday/be held/on the playground等 要点二：活动内容（拓展发挥） ：be different kinds of activities/enjoy delicious Chinese food/read Chinese poems/from which you can learn.../wear traditional clothing/learn to make simple Chinese food等 要点三：邀请与情感表达（升华主题） ：join us and share your own stories about Chinese culture/a great opportunity to experience Chinese culture firsthand/have a good time/ learn a lot from the activity等 4．假定你是李华，学校将举办中学生科技创新大赛，你设计一款科技发明展品。请以“I Want to Invent ________”为题，用英语写一篇短文，介绍你的发明。 注意： 2．请先补全标题； 3．短文需包括所给要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 4．词数90左右，短文已给出的部分不计入总词数； 5．短文不得透露个人信息； 6．照抄试卷中语篇内容不得分。 Word bank: advantage　(优点) I Want to Invent ________ I want to invent _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： I Want to Invent a Smart Schoolbag I want to invent a smart schoolbag. It is a special bag with a small computer inside. I want to invent it because students now carry too many heavy books every day. This bag can store all textbooks electronically, so we don’t need to carry heavy books anymore. It has many advantages. It is light, so it won’t hurt our shoulders. It also has a safety alarm that can call parents if we are in danger. What’s more, it can remind us of our homework and school activities. I believe it will make our school life easier and safer. 【详解】写作步骤 第一步：审题立意 确定文体：介绍性说明文，以一般现在时为主，可穿插一般将来时表达展望 明确要点：介绍发明的物品、发明的原因、发明的优点 确定人称：第一人称 注意事项：不得透露真实个人信息；词数约90词；不得照抄题目中的语篇内容 第二步：构思布局 三段式结构： 开头段：开门见山，点明发明物品，简单描述其基本特征 主体段：说明发明的背景原因，并阐述发明的优势 结尾段：总结发明的价值，表达对发明的展望 第三步：要点展开 要点一：介绍你的发明是什么 物品选择：a smart schoolbag /a home-cleaning robot /a magic pen 等 描述物品：It is a special bag with a small computer inside. / It is a small robot that can help with housework. 要点二：说明发明的原因 问题背景：students carry too many heavy books every day /parents are too busy with housework /we often forget our homework 解决目标：to make school life easier /to help people save time /to keep students safe 要点三：阐述发明的优点 优点方向：light and easy to carry /can store all textbooks /has a safety alarm /can remind us of homework 具体效果：It won’t hurt our shoulders. / We don’t need to carry heavy books anymore. / It can keep us safe on the way home. / It helps us stay organized. 5．时光荏苒，毕业季来临。假如你们学校校报组织题为“An Unforgettable Experience”的英语征文活动。根据提示写一篇英语短文投稿。 2. What’s your unforgettable experience? (a trip, a sports meeting, a mistake...) 3. How did you feel about this experience? (happy, sad, sorry, regretful...) 4. What have you learned from the experience? (teamwork, friendship, never give up, learn some skills...) 要求： 1) 表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯； 2) 必须包括提示中的所有信息，并按要求适当发挥； 3) 词数：100词左右，开头已给出，不计入词数； 4) 不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。 An Unforgettable Experience Looking back on the past three years, I have an unforgettable experience. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： An Unforgettable Experience Looking back on the past three years, I have an unforgettable experience. It was the school sports meeting last autumn. I took part in the 800-meter race. At first, I was afraid I would fall behind, but my classmates cheered loudly for me all the way. Though I felt very tired, I kept running and finally finished it. I was proud of myself. This experience made me very happy because I tried my best. It taught me to push past my limits, too. I learned that we should never give up. When we face difficulties, we need to be brave and keep going. This will help us succeed in the future. 【详解】[第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：叙事性记叙文，以一般过去时为主 明确要点：描述一次难忘的经历、分享当时的感受、阐述从中获得的感悟与收获 确定人称：第一人称 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名、校名和地名，词数约 100 词 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，引出难忘的经历 主体段：叙述经历的过程，描述当时的感受 结尾段：总结经历带来的收获与感悟，升华主题 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：难忘的经历 事件选择：school sports meeting/school trip/volunteer activity/making a mistake等 事件描述：take part in the 800-meter race/visit an old people’s home/join a group project等 过程细节：at first I was afraid.../cheer for me/keep running/catch up with others等 要点二：当时的感受 happy/proud/regretful/thankful/moved等 要点三：收获与感悟 push past my limits/never give up/be brave/keep going/the power of teamwork等 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 江苏省南京市中考题型组合练 (小完形填空5篇+阅读理解10篇+书面表达5篇) 一、小完形填空 According to a recent report from the UN, the world’s population continues 1 . It can reach 8.9 billion in the future. But during the past 10 years or so, a large rapid drop (下降) in the world’s birth rate (出生率) has taken place. Families are smaller now than 2 they were a few years ago. It’s happening in both developing and developed countries. China has already cut its rate of population growth by almost one half since the 1970s. Most Chinese families were allowed to have 3 one child. And the hope was 4 a zero population growth rate by 2035. Several countries in Europe already have a negative (负) growth rate. Experts said that these countries would not have enough workers in the future, and the people who were working would face much 5 taxes (税) to support the growing retirees (退休人员). 1．A．grow B．to grow C．growing D．grown 2．A．what B．how C．that D．不填 3．A．no less than B．at least C．at best D．no more than 4．A．reach B．reaching C．to reach D．for reaching 5．A．big B．bigger C．high D．higher The Strait of Hormuz (霍尔木兹海峡) is a narrow but very important waterway. It lies between Iran (伊朗) and Oman (阿曼), and is only about 1 at its narrowest point. It is the only sea route that connects the Persian Gulf (波斯湾) to the Indian Ocean, making it a key path 2 world trade. This strait is often called the world’s most important “energy throat.” It carries over 20% of the world’s oil that moves by sea, 3 a lot of natural gas. These resources mainly go to countries in Asia and Europe, helping to run their industries and homes. Because it is so narrow and busy, keeping it open and safe is very important for the world’s energy supply. Recently, problems in the area have shown how easily things can change. When tensions rise, fewer ships dare to pass through. With fewer ships, the global supply of oil and gas goes 4 . This leads to higher energy prices around the world, which means people pay more for electricity and fuel. Experts say that if the strait faces a big problem, it could cause serious energy shortages for many countries. In short, the Strait of Hormuz makes a big difference to the world’s energy. What happens there affects the global economy, 5 us just how special and important this narrow waterway is. 1．A．33 kilometers’ wide B．33-kilometer wide C．33 kilometers in width D．33-kilometer in width 2．A．for B．as C．to D．forward 3．A．as well as B．as good as C．as much as D．as long as 4．A．on B．off C．down D．up 5．A．shows B．is showing C．showing D．have shown In the Jinling Library in Nanjing, there is a special corner 1 “The Slow Reading Club”. Members meet once a week to read books without any rush. Unlike online reading where people often skip lines or jump between pages, slow reading encourages readers to think deeply about every sentence. Mr. Zhang, a 45-year-old teacher, has been a member for two years. “Before 2 the club, I spent almost no time reading because of my busy work,” he said. “Now I realize that reading slowly helps me understand the author’s real feelings.” The club has a simple rule: no phones, no computers, just books and quiet minds. Many members say 3 their reading speed hasn’t improved, but they care more about the joy of understanding. A recent survey found that slow readers remember details 4 than fast readers. So, if you want to get more out of your books, try to slow down. It may feel strange 5 , but you will soon discover a new world between the lines. 1．A．called B．calling C．call D．to call 2．A．joined in B．join C．joining in D．joining 3．A．whether B．/ C．that D．B&C 4．A．well B．more better C．much better D．the best 5．A．at last B．at first C．in the end D．at the end In traditional Chinese performing arts, there are many classic roles, like sheng, dan, jing, mo and chou. Most people usually pay little attention to chou. However, it is a very important part in traditional Chinese operas. The reason is 1 it joins beauty and ugliness together perfectly. In the past, the chou performer was the first one to get 2 and have his make-up done. Usually, there are two kinds of chou on the stage, wen chou and wu chou. Wen chou often has a white patch (小块) painted 3 his nose and takes the roles of fisherman, boatman, servant and so on. The other kind is wu chou. Wu chou performers often wear tight clothing (紧身衣) and move quickly. They are good at martial arts (武术) and can jump several meters high. Chou performers often make people laugh by their spoken parts and 4 , instead of singing skills. Whether they look ugly or beautiful, whether the roles they play are officials or thieves on the stage, chou roles are all humorous characters in funny faces. They use the roles of chou to bring out the good qualities in people. Maybe it is the charm (魅力) of traditional Chinese operas. Next time, when you 5 a traditional Chinese opera, you can probably understand the different beauty behind it. 1．A．what B．how C．that D．why 2．A．dress B．dressing C．to dress D．dressed 3．A．in B．around C．on D．with 4．A．body language B．body languages C．body’s language D．body’s languages 5．A．enjoyed B．are enjoying C．will enjoy D．would enjoy When people think of Peking opera, they often imagine an old person sitting in a chair and enjoying the music of Peking opera. However, in recent years, Peking opera, along with 1 traditional arts, has been introduced into classrooms as a way to protect traditional Chinese culture. Peking Opera used to sound strange to Dou Yi. The 14-year-old girl said whenever she found Peking Opera on TV, she didn’t feel interested in it at all. Instead, she would change to another programme 2 she enjoyed more. But since she entered junior high school, she 3 Peking Opera in music class every week. “At first, we felt 4 really hard to learn some musical notes (音符), and we often laughed,” said Dou. But now she would watch Peking Opera on TV. “I learn a lot of history from the operas,” Dou’s classmate Yang Ning said. “When you learn more about it, you’ll understand it more. I have already felt the beauty of Peking Opera. It will be a great pity 5 it disappears! I really hope more people can take the time to explore and enjoy Peking Opera.” 1．A．another B．the other C．other D．others 2．A．who B．that C．what D．why 3．A．studied B．studies C．is studying D．has studied 4．A．us B．our C．it D．its 5．A．unless B．if C．although D．so 二、阅读理解 Imagine you just finished a hard hike to the top of a mountain. The view of the city below is beautiful, and you want to take a photo. But it’s already quite dark, and you’re not sure you’ll get a good shot. Luckily, your phone has an AI night mode. It can take great photos even after sunset. Here’s something you may not know: that night mode may have been trained on computer-made nighttime images—scenes that were never actually photographed. This kind of data is called synthetic data. Why use synthetic data? AI researchers use up all the real data on the internet, so they turn to synthetic data. But this creates a problem. In science, making up data is a very bad thing. So how can computer-made data be good? Is it just a nice word for lying? As a researcher, I think it comes down to why you do it and how open you are about it. Synthetic data is usually not made to cheat. In fact, using it can be the right thing to do. For example, showing real people’s faces can violate privacy, but computer-made faces offer the same benefits without that risk. There are other reasons. Some things are so rare that there isn’t enough real data. Instead of letting this become a big problem, researchers create those situations with computers. Also, collecting real data can be costly or dangerous. Imagine collecting data for a self-driving car during a storm. It’s much easier and safer to create such data with computers. How is synthetic data made? Researchers create synthetic data in two main ways. One method uses physics-based models—for example, using the laws of light to show how a scene would look. The other method uses AI that learns from real data and then creates new, realistic text, images, and videos. Is synthetic data perfect? Synthetic data is not perfect. It is only as good as the model it comes from. Researchers have to be careful about biases—unfair patterns in the data. It is also important to know the difference between computer-made data and the real world. Synthetic data is great for training AI, but the final system should be tested with real data before it is used. AI systems learn by finding patterns, but they cannot tell what is real or true. The desire for truth belongs to people, not machines. So next time you use a cool AI feature, remember: synthetic data may have helped train it. But reality is still the final judge of what we create. 1．Why does the writer begin the passage with the example of taking a photo on a dark mountain top? A．To explain how AI night mode works in detail. B．To show that hiking is a popular outdoor activity. C．To lead into the topic of synthetic data used in AI training. D．To prove that phone cameras are better than professional ones. 2．What is synthetic data according to the passage? A．Information is stored in AI night modes. B．Data collected from real-life situations. C．Man-made data was used to train AI systems. D．Real photos taken by phones in dark places. 3．How does the writer mainly support his opinion about synthetic data? A．By arguing real data is bad. B．By showing its uses and limits. C．By listing AI models using it. D．By comparing it with real data. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Why AI Will Soon Replace Human Judgment B．The Privacy Problems of Using Real Face Data C．How AI Night Mode Helps You Take Photos in the Dark D．Synthetic Data Is Useful but Still Needs Real-World Checks Experts say that, among young Internet users, it’s not the boys who create most web content. The pioneers of the Internet at the moment are the girls. According to Jenny Baker, whose hobbies are designing icons, layouts and “glitters”, most boys just aren’t patient enough for blogging, uploading photographs, and creating their own websites. Jenny posts her designs or pictures on her own website, and believes that most boys don’t often have their own sites. She thinks it’s mainly girls. And Jenny is right. A study shows that, among Internet users aged 12 to 17, a lot more girls blog than boys (35 percent of girls compared with 20 percent of boys). A lot more girls also work on their own web pages (32 percent of girls compared with 22 percent of boys). Girls are also ahead of boys in working on websites for other people. Girls also seem to be more active in creating their own web business. Some of them have their own teenage podcasts (播客) which have become very successful and sometimes the creators have their own TV shows too. When asked what they think about the study that shows girls are more active on the web, they say that they’re not surprised because girls are very creative, and sometimes more creative than boys. Other girls have started interactive e-zines (electronic magazines) with articles written for girls by girls. “Girls from everywhere read our articles, and they ask lots of questions,” they say. “I think girls like to help other people more.” One expert said: “If boys were more interested in helping other people, the numbers would be different.” But if girls are more enthusiastic about computers, why do women only have 27 percent of computer-related jobs? Maybe this will change in the future—after all, girls like these will be in the job market before too long. 1．What type of writing is this passage? A．A story. B．A report. C．A notice. D．A survey. 2．Why do experts say girls are the pioneers of the Internet? A．Fewer boys are going to do computer-related jobs. B．Girls seem to be more patient and active on the web. C．Girls are always more creative than boys on the web. D．More boys blog and work on their own web pages than girls. 3．Which of the following is the writer’s opinion? A．Boys are more interested in helping other people. B．22 percent of boys work on their own web pages. C．Some of the girls have their own teenage podcasts. D．More girls will do computer-related jobs in the future. 4．What might be the best title for this passage? A．The Age of Girls on the Internet B．Some creations of web content C．Changes in girls’ future jobs D．Differences between boys and girls Volleyball In volleyball, two teams of six players each stand on opposite sides of a net (网). They score point s if the ball goes over the net and hits the floor inside the play area of the other team. Steps:①Stand in the ready position, with feet a little wider than shoulders. ②Remain in this way you stand, ▲ , and then move your feet as needed so that you stand under the path of the ball. ③Bring your hitting arm up towards the ball so that you are hitting with the inside of your arm. ④Keep your eyes on the ball, making contact with your arm. ⑤Follow the ball through the air, bringing your opposite arm towards the ball, then repeat steps 2-4. Challenge: Keepie Uppy ● With a partner, practise keeping the volleyball in the air using only one arm at a time. ● How many touches can you both make before the volleyball touches the ground? ● Count how many passes you can make in 30 seconds, 60 seconds, etc. Developing the skill of single arm touches is a great way to develop ball control when passing a volleyball. 1．How can players score points in volleyball? A．By touching the net with the ball. B．By standing on the opposite side of the net. C．By keeping the ball in the air with one arm. D．By landing the ball in the opposite play area. 2．What can “Keepie Uppy” mainly help develop? A．Ball control. B．Running speed. C．Personal qualities. D．Communication skills. 3．According to the passage, which is the most suitable for ▲ ? A．keep both arms straight B．keep feet as wide as shoulders C．keep your knees from being straight D．run with the ball “The hound!” Holmes cried suddenly. “Come, Watson! Come!” We ran quickly across the dark moor. A final, desperate scream broke the quiet, and then came a dull, heavy sound. The night fell deathly silent. Holmes pressed his hands to his forehead and stamped his feet in frustration. “We are too late,” he said in a low voice, angrily. Suddenly, we heard a low moan. A man was lying on the rocks. As we walked closer, we saw the dead body of Sir Henry Baskerville. He was wearing his brown tweed suit. “Oh no!” I cried out, feeling my blood run cold. Holmes knelt quickly beside the body, and then suddenly he began laughing. “A beard!” he said. “This isn’t Sir Henry—it’s Selden, the escaped prisoner!” The truth hit me at once. Sir Henry had given his old clothes to Barrymore, who had secretly passed them to Selden. “The suit killed him,” Holmes said quietly. “Someone gave the hound Sir Henry’s scent—probably the stolen boot from the London hotel—and it hunted the wrong man.” Suddenly, we saw someone walking towards us. It was Stapleton. Holmes whispered: “Don’t let him see your suspicions.” “Dr Watson!” Stapleton asked, in surprise. “What brings you out here at this hour? I heard a strange noise and came to check on Sir Henry.” He saw the body and froze. “Is that him?” “It’s Selden,” I said. “He’s dead.” Stapleton tried to overcome his amazement and disappointment, “Terrible,” he murmured. “I feared the worst for Sir Henry.” “Sir Henry is safe,” Holmes said coldly. Stapleton then recognized him and smiled nervously. “Mr Holmes! I didn’t know you were here. Can you solve the mystery of the Hound of the Baskervilles?” Holmes shrugged. “We cannot solve every mystery. Anyway, I’ll return to London tomorrow.” With that, we left for Baskerville Hall, leaving Stapleton to walk home alone. Poor Selden lay still on the rocks. — Adapted from The Hound of the Baskervilles 1．How does the writer create the atmosphere (氛围) in Paragraphs 1~2? A．By describing the characters’ warm feelings. B．By describing the quiet and safe environment. C．By using short, quick actions and sudden sounds. D．By showing long conversations between the characters. 2．Which of the following is the correct order of the story? a. Stapleton pretended to care about Sir Henry. b. The hound got Sir Henry’s scent from his boot. c. Holmes laughed after kneeling beside the dead body. d. Watson realized why the hound hunted the wrong man. e. Holmes whispered to Watson not to let Stapleton see their suspicions. A．b-d-c-a-e B．b-c-d-e-a C．c-b-e-d-a D．c-d-b-a-e 3．Why did Holmes laugh suddenly after kneeling beside the dead body? A．He felt relaxed because Sir Henry was safe. B．He felt surprised to find a beard on the dead man. C．He was proud that he found the escaped prisoner at last. D．He was happy that the mystery of the hound was solved. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the underlined sentences in the second-to-last paragraph? A．Holmes lost confidence in solving the case. B．Holmes only pretended to give up the case. C．Holmes was too tired to continue the case. D．Holmes thought it was not an important case. Cockroaches (蟑螂) can go where humans cannot. They are famously tough and can survive weeks without food or water. These qualities make them perfect for life-saving missions. That’s why a team from the University of Osaka in Japan and Diponegoro University in Indonesia are trying to turn cockroaches into cyborgs (半机器人). Their research was published in Soft Robotics. A cyborg is a living creature with some robotic parts that improve its bodily functions. ? You simply need to combine nature with tech, the researchers say. Cockroaches are good at moving in small spaces. What about having these tiny creatures carry a high-tech “backpack”? The equipment could act like a remote control for the insect. “Creating a robot is not easy,” explains lead author Mochammad Ariyanto. Cyborg cockroaches cost less. These insects exist in large numbers, after all. And they come with their own ready-made “operating system”. Even the most advanced robots may break down while moving. That’s especially true when it comes to vertical (垂直的) movement. A simple staircase can be a challenge for many robots. Besides, it can be difficult for regular robots to move in small spaces. But cockroaches can climb walls and get into tight gaps. To test their idea, the team put some new tools on the cockroaches. Sensors were placed on their backs to collect data about the environment. Researchers also implanted electrodes (植入电极) on the antennae and body. These electrodes help to guide the insects. When they get lost, the electrodes send signals to direct them in the right direction. Scientists then put the cyborg cockroaches in an obstacle course (障碍训练场). They gave them just a few directional signals. These cockroaches did most of the work themselves to reach their objective. They climbed over obstacles and even flipped back over when they fell. These bug-bots could be the future of disaster search and rescue. After earthquakes, for example, they can get into tiny spaces to find survivors. They can also send back important data from places too risky for humans to go. If you are worried, these tasks won’t harm the cockroaches. Robotic parts are designed to be easily removed once the mission ends. That means the insect can return to normal life without long-term side effects. 1．Which question is the most suitable for ? A．Is it easy to make a cyborg cockroach B．How do you make a cyborg cockroach C．Where do you make a cyborg cockroach D．What do you need for a cyborg cockroach 2．What advantage do cyborg cockroaches have over regular robots? A．They finish the task much more quickly. B．They become smarter with the robotic parts. C．They needn’t change the battery during the task. D．They can climb walls and get into tight gaps. 3．What is the purpose of the obstacle course test on the cyborg cockroaches? A．To collect information for future search and rescue work. B．To prove the scientists’ choice of cockroaches is correct. C．To see if they can finish the difficult task by themselves. D．To compare their performance with that of regular robots. 4．Why does the author mention that the robotic parts can be easily removed in the last paragraph? A．To prove that these insects are easy to control. B．To show the scientists respect the life of every insect. C．To describe how this scientific experiment is carried out. D．To tell how advanced the technology is in this experiment. 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．Cockroaches as Cyborg Helpers. B．How to Make a Cyborg Cockroach. C．Robots versus Cyborg Cockroaches. D．Building Robots for Disaster Rescue. The more I explored, the more puzzled I became. The buildings were large and well-built, but there were no machines or tools anywhere. The little creatures wore fine clothes, but there were no tailors and no shops. No one did any work. They spent their time playing, bathing in the river, eating, and sleeping. I could not understand how the place continued to work. Who did the work? Where were the factories and kitchens? I began to think about the pedestal. Why was my machine inside it? And what was happening at the bottom of the deep wells? I needed someone to explain these matters to me. Very soon, I found someone. It was on my fourth day in this strange place. I was walking along the path by the river when one of the little people fell in. I could see that she — I felt like it was a female — could not swim. To my surprise, none of the other little creatures showed any interest in her. They were letting her drown. I quickly took off my clothes and dove into the river. I swam toward the little woman and pulled her toward the river bank and onto the path. I left her there. I did not expect gratitude. However, I was wrong. In the afternoon, she ran up to me and gave me a bunch of flowers. She kissed my hands. We sat down and talked as much as we were able. She told me her name was Weena. This was the beginning of a friendship. Sadly, it lasted only a week. During this time, she followed me everywhere. She was like a child that will not leave the side of her mother. Even at night, she wanted to be with me. I realized that her fear was not of being alone at night. She was afraid of the dark. They were all afraid of the dark. As soon as night came, they all went into the halls and stayed together until morning.” — Taken from The Time Machine 1．What puzzled the time traveler? A．He couldn’t find his time machine. B．He wondered who did the work. C．He couldn’t see any of his friends. D．He couldn’t know where he was. 2．Why did the man jump into the river? A．Because he wanted to swim for fun. B．Because he wanted to catch a creature. C．Because he fell into the river by accident. D．Because he wanted to save Weena from water. 3．According to the passage, Which is the right order of the events? a. The man feels puzzled for no one works. b. Weena gives the man a bunch of flowers. c. The man saves Weena from a river bravely. d. The man talks to Weena and knows her name. A．c-b-a-d B．a-c-b-d C．b-a-c-d D．a-c-d-b 4．What can we infer about the other creatures? A．They can’t swim, either. B．They are too afraid to help. C．They don’t help each other in danger. D．They wait for the man to save her. Have you ever wondered if you see the same colors as other people? Most people know what blue is when they see it. They see the color and call it “blue” because they were taught the word and connected it with what they saw. But how do you know what you see as blue isn’t someone else’s red? The ability to see colors depends on the receptors (感受器) in our eyes. Light waves hit these receptors which will send information to the brain. The brain then deals with the information to make sure which color light the eyes are receiving. Some people’s receptors are more developed than others’. People with weaker receptors usually have color blindness. That the receptor can’t translate the light waves correctly means some people cannot tell different shades (色度) of a color. In the past, most scientists argued that everyone saw colors in the same way. However, research was done on monkeys. They were injected (注射) with a virus (病毒) to influence their receptors. This made them understand more about colors than usual and brought an interesting discovery. Normally, monkeys could only see blue and green, but the virus allowed monkeys to see red. Their brains were made to be able to understand new colors, which might mean the brains are not instinctive (本能的) to understand which color is which. This shows that our brains may get used to new information depending on what they receive during the development. Color could be a very personal experience to everyone. So, the next time you talk about your favorite color, just remember if yours is blue and your friend says red, you might be talking about the same color. What if everyone in the world likes the same color, but just uses different names for it? 1．What decides a person’s ability to see colors? A．The brain’s instinct. B．The color of light waves. C．The names of colors. D．The receptors in the eyes. 2．The underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refers to the ________. A．receptor B．research C．injection D．argument 3．From the research on monkeys, we can infer ________. A．monkeys’ brains are the same as humans’ B．humans can only see blue and green without virus C．the brain’s understanding of colors can be changed D．the virus makes monkeys see all colors in the world 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．To introduce how monkeys see colors. B．To explain why people are color blind. C．To show seeing colors can be different. D．To tell why people like different colors. These days, a new trend (潮流) is sweeping across China: young people visit museums not only to enjoy ancient cultural treasures, but also for tasty and cheap meals in museum canteens (便民餐厅). This mix of art and daily life is very popular among teenagers and young adults. Visiting a large museum often takes hours and makes people tired and hungry. In the past, visitors had few good food choices. Some museums only sold expensive snacks, and if they left to eat, they had to enter again or even buy a new ticket. Now many museums have opened canteens to solve this problem. Young people love these canteens for two main reasons. First, the food is affordable and delicious. Sichuan Museum offers local dishes from 3 to 12 yuan, and Anhui Museum’s set meal costs less than 30yuan. The food is clean, healthy and full of local tastes. Second, the food is connected with culture. Many museums make special dishes with cultural elements (元素). Hebei Museum has noodles shaped like the Changxin Palace Lantern, and Hunan Museum sells cute cakes like ancient bronze objects (青铜器). They are great for photos and online sharing. Opening canteens also helps museums develop better. The cheap food makes museums more friendly to common people, making visitors stay 1.5 to 2.5 hours longer. Many local people come to eat and visit the exhibitions (展览), becoming new museum fans. Museums turn from quiet places into warm cultural spaces. Of course, this trend brings small problems such as long lines and more cleaning work. Museums are solving them with online ordering and more seats. Experts say food services will not weaken museums’ cultural role, as long as museums put culture first and use food as a nice part. This creative way helps more people fall in love with culture and history easily. 1．Why do many museums open canteens? A．To sell expensive local snacks. B．To take the place of all outside restaurants. C．To make more money from food sales. D．To meet visitors’ need for food during visits. 2．Which is the correct order of the change of museums? ① Museums become warm cultural spaces. ② Museums open cheap and cultural canteens. ③ Visitors stay longer in museums. ④ Visitors feel tired and hungry with no good food choices. A．②③④① B．④②③① C．③②④① D．④③②① 3．What do experts think of food services in museums? A．They bring too many problems for museums. B．They are good if museums still put culture first. C．They make museums lose their main cultural role. D．They are more important than museum exhibitions. 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To tell people not to eat in museums. B．To teach people how to cook cultural food. C．To show how to visit museums more safely. D．To introduce a new trend of museum canteens. 5．What should museums do to develop better according to the passage? A．Close the canteens to protect cultural treasures. B．Put culture first and run good canteens properly. C．Make food the most important part of museums. D．Ask visitors to buy new tickets when they go out to eat. Katherine loved numbers and counted everything around her in her town. At four, she noticed her brother Horace had trouble with his math homework. Wanting to help, she told her mother, “I want to go to school to help Horace with his math.” And then she walked to his school alone. The teacher was surprised by the little girl but let her in. With Katherine’s help, Horace solved his problems. Because of Katherine’s talent, the teacher allowed her to skip the first year of school and start the second grade. She was supported by her parents who valued education deeply, so her family moved to the Institute (学院) in 1926, where she could continue learning. Katherine was so smart that she often finished her lessons and homework early. In 1932, she graduated from high school at just 14 years old. By that time, the institute had become West Virginia State College. Katherine decided to continue studying there, but she wasn’t sure which classes to sign up for. A math professor, Clought, discovered her talent and invited her to join his class. The girl learned so quickly that the professor gave her other lessons. “You know all about geometry (几何学) with its lines and curves (曲线),” he said to her one day, “but have you ever thought about using it to calculate how things would move in outer space?” The professor drew a series of circles on the blackboard. “If this is the Earth... and this is the Sun... and the Moon... then what path would we take from here to there?” he introduced her to using geometry to calculate objects’ movement in outer space, drawing the Earth, the Sun and the Moon on the blackboard. Katherine was interested in the idea of helping humans travel to space. For her, math made the unfair world logical, and she dreamed of finding solutions to the space travel problems. Her love for numbers had lit a path toward a bright future. Historical Note: Katherine graduated with honours and started a job as a mathematician in a group called the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), where she calculated flight paths for aircraft. She calculated the flight paths for the USA’s first manned space flight, the Mercury mission, and the Apollo 11 mission, which landed the first humans on the Moon in 1969. She also worked on the Space Shuttle programme. Today, many buildings and schools are named after her. Katherine’s story has been told in books, movies and her autobiography (自传), Reaching for the Moon. 1．Why did Katherine’s teacher allow her to move up to the second grade? A．Because she showed great talent in math. B．Because she finished her lessons early. C．Because she was good at counting things. D．Because she wanted to help her brother. 2．What did Katherine do after graduation? A．She became a geometry professor at a college. B．She wrote books about math and physics knowledge. C．She worked as a mathematician, calculating flight paths for aircraft. D．She moved to a new town with her family to continue her study. 3．What can we learn about Katherine? A．She had a great influence on the chemistry field. B．She was highly respected for her excellent work. C．Professor Clougth asked her to stop studying geometry. D．She went to college with her brother Horace at the age of 14. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．What support Katherine got from others. B．Why Katherine became a famous scientist. C．What kind of help Katherine provided for her family. D．How Katherine’s love for numbers led to a space dream. Paper cutting is one of the most traditional folk arts in China, which has a history of more than 1500 years. This art form is simple but full of creativity, and it has been loved by people for generations. However, with the development of modern society, paper cutting is facing the problem of being forgotten by young people. In recent years, Chinese artists and cultural workers have been trying their best to protect and inherit this precious intangible cultural heritage, and the government has also given a lot of support to the development of paper cutting art. In 2006, Chinese paper cutting was included in the first batch of China’s intangible cultural heritage list, and in 2009, it was added to UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity list. Most paper cutting works are made of red paper, because red stands for joy and good luck in Chinese culture. The tools for paper cutting are very simple—usually a pair of scissors or a carving knife. First, the artist draws the pattern on the red paper, and then cuts or carves the paper according to the pattern. The patterns of paper cutting are various, including animals, plants, figures, auspicious symbols and traditional stories. Skilled paper cutting artists can cut complex patterns without drawing them first, and their hands move quickly and accurately. Paper cutting artists not only need to have good hand skills, but also need to have a deep understanding of Chinese traditional culture. Because most paper cutting patterns are closely related to traditional customs, festivals and stories, only by understanding the cultural connotation can they create works with soul. Many paper cutting artists are also willing to teach this skill to others, hoping that more people can learn and inherit it. Zhang Li is a young paper cutting artist who has made great contributions to the inheritance of this art. She has innovated the traditional paper cutting art by combining it with modern elements, such as adding cartoon images and modern life scenes to the paper cutting patterns. She also uses different colors of paper instead of just red paper to make the works more colorful. What’s more, she has opened online courses to teach paper cutting to people all over the country. “Paper cutting is a treasure of Chinese culture. We need to make it keep up with the times so that more young people will love it,” said Zhang Li. “It’s our responsibility to pass on this traditional art to the next generation.” 1．From paragraph 1, we can know that ________. A．paper cutting has a short history in China B．paper cutting was added to UNESCO’s heritage list in 2006 C．people are trying to protect and inherit paper cutting art D．young people today love paper cutting art very much 2．We can learn the ________ of making paper cutting works from paragraph 2. A．process B．reason C．problem D．influence 3．What has Zhang Li done to innovate paper cutting art? A．She only uses red paper to make works. B．She combines it with modern elements. C．She only creates traditional patterns. D．She stops teaching paper cutting online. 4．What’s the best title for this passage? A．The History of Chinese Folk Arts B．Modern Art in China C．Protect and Inherit Paper Cutting D．How to Make Paper Cutting Works 三、书面表达 1．假设你是李华，你的加拿大笔友Tom对中国诗歌非常感兴趣，他在邮件中问到你对“欲穷千里目，更上一层楼”的理解。请你结合自身成长的经历，给Tom回一封邮件，谈谈你对这句诗的理解，并邀请他来你校参加校园诗歌节，感受诗歌之美。 注意： 2.80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数内； 3.文中不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4.可适当增加细节，以使条理清楚、行文连贯； 5.标点正确，书面整洁。 提示词：You can enjoy a grander sight欲穷千里目 By climbing to a greater height更上一层楼 Campus Poetry Festival校园诗歌节 Dear Tom, I was so glad to receive your email. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 2．在人生的道路上，我们总会面临诸多选择：有人选择直面挫折，收获破茧成长；有人选择坚持守护，收获万物新生；有人选择理解包容，收获双向温情。校报正在以“An important choice I’ve made”为主题举行征文活动，请你根据下列写作要点写一篇短文投稿。 ● The choice you made ● The story about your choice ● The influence of your choice (how it changed you or others) 注意： 2．词数：100词左右，文章开头已给出，不计入总词数： 3．文中不得出现真实姓名、班级等信息； 4．文章必须包含所有要点，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺。 An important choice I’ve made Life is full of choices, big or small. Some are easy, while others require careful thought. Looking back, I find that an important choice I’ve made is ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．为推动中国文化更好地走向世界,我校下周六举办“中华文化节(Chinese Culture Festival)”活动。假设你是李华，请根据以下表格内容，给你的英国朋友Peter写一封电子邮件，向他介绍这次活动，也希望他能分享自己的文化故事。 Chinese Culture Festival Purpose tell Chinese stories, spread Chinese culture Time next Saturday Place on the playground Activities * About Chinese food (1-2 points) * About Chinese poems (1-2 points) * … Feeling … 要求：1.表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯； 2.必须包括提示中的所有信息，并按要求适当发挥； 3.词数：100左右，（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）； 4.不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。 Dear Peter, How are you doing? I’m writing to tell you about the Chinese Culture Festival in our school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I’m looking forward to hearing from you! Yours, Li Hua 4．假定你是李华，学校将举办中学生科技创新大赛，你设计一款科技发明展品。请以“I Want to Invent ________”为题，用英语写一篇短文，介绍你的发明。 注意： 2．请先补全标题； 3．短文需包括所给要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 4．词数90左右，短文已给出的部分不计入总词数； 5．短文不得透露个人信息； 6．照抄试卷中语篇内容不得分。 Word bank: advantage　(优点) I Want to Invent ________ I want to invent _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．时光荏苒，毕业季来临。假如你们学校校报组织题为“An Unforgettable Experience”的英语征文活动。根据提示写一篇英语短文投稿。 2. What’s your unforgettable experience? (a trip, a sports meeting, a mistake...) 3. How did you feel about this experience? (happy, sad, sorry, regretful...) 4. What have you learned from the experience? (teamwork, friendship, never give up, learn some skills...) 要求： 1) 表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯； 2) 必须包括提示中的所有信息，并按要求适当发挥； 3) 词数：100词左右，开头已给出，不计入词数； 4) 不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。 An Unforgettable Experience Looking back on the past three years, I have an unforgettable experience. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $